abavus

la-noun

abavus m (genitive abavī); second declension

abavī (genitive)
abavus (nominative singular)
abavī (nominative plural)
abavī (genitive singular)
abavōrum (genitive plural)
abavō (dative singular)
abavīs (dative plural)
abavum (accusative singular)
abavōs (accusative plural)
abavō (ablative singular)
abavīs (ablative plural)
abave (singular vocative)
abavī (plural vocative)

Abavus dicitur, quia abest ab avo, & est avus avi

c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De verborum significatione

Great-great-grandfather he's called, for he's distant from the grandfather & is the grandfather of the grandfather.


servus

servus m (genitive servī, feminine serva); second declension

servī (genitive)
serva (feminine)
servus (nominative singular)
servī (nominative plural)
servī (genitive singular)
servōrum (genitive plural)
servō (dative singular)
servīs (dative plural)
servum (accusative singular)
servōs (accusative plural)
servō (ablative singular)
servīs (ablative plural)
serve (singular vocative)
servī (plural vocative)

Asturian: siervu

Catalan: serf

Friulian: sierf

Italian: servo

Occitan: sèrve

desctree

Old French: serf
Middle French: serf
French: serf
→ English: serf

Portuguese: servo

Romanian: șerb, → serv

Sicilian: serbu

Spanish: siervo

[ˈs̠ɛru̯ʊs̠]

From Old Latin servos, from Proto-Italic *serwos (“guardian”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Cognate with servō, Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haraⁱti, “he heeds, protects”). By surface analysis, Proto-Indo-European *ser- + -vus.

surf

Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*ser-</i>

Quem patrem, qui servos est?

Captivi ("the captives") by Plautus (English and Latin text)

Father! What do you mean, when he’s a slave?


servus

la-adj

servus (feminine serva, neuter servum); first/second-declension adjective

serva (feminine)
servum (neuter)
servus (masculine nominative singular)
serva (feminine nominative singular)
servum (neuter nominative singular)
servī (masculine nominative plural)
servae (feminine nominative plural)
serva (neuter nominative plural)
servī (genitive masculine singular)
servae (feminine genitive singular)
servī (genitive neuter singular)
servōrum (genitive masculine plural)
servārum (feminine genitive plural)
servōrum (genitive neuter plural)
servō (dative masculine singular)
servae (dative feminine singular)
servō (dative neuter singular)
servīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
servum (accusative masculine singular)
servam (accusative feminine singular)
servum (accusative neuter singular)
servōs (accusative masculine plural)
servās (accusative feminine plural)
serva (accusative neuter plural)
servō (ablative masculine singular)
servā (ablative feminine singular)
servō (ablative neuter singular)
servīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
serve (masculine singular vocative)
serva (feminine singular vocative)
servum (neuter singular vocative)
servī (masculine plural vocative)
servae (feminine plural vocative)
serva (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈs̠ɛru̯ʊs̠]

slavish, servile (to the senses or to authority)

(of lands, buildings) subject or liable to servitude


genitor

la-noun

genitor m (genitive genitōris, feminine genetrīx or genitrīx); third declension

genitōris (genitive)
genetrīx (feminine)
genitrīx (feminine)
genitor (nominative singular)
genitōrēs (nominative plural)
genitōris (genitive singular)
genitōrum (genitive plural)
genitōrī (dative singular)
genitōribus (dative plural)
genitōrem (accusative singular)
genitōrēs (accusative plural)
genitōre (ablative singular)
genitōribus (ablative plural)
genitor (singular vocative)
genitōrēs (plural vocative)

English: genitor

French: géniteur

Friulian: genitôr

Ido: genitoro

Italian: genitore

Ladino: jenitor (זﬞיניטור)

Portuguese: genitor

Romansch: genitur

Sicilian: genituri, ginituri

Spanish: genitor

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tōr (“parent”). Equivalent to genō + -tor.

subiit cārī genitōris imāgō

“the thought of [my] dear father came to mind”

ecce deûm genitor rutilās per nūbila flammās spargit

Behold the father of the gods scattering his reddening flames through the clouds

parent, father, sire, begetter, procreator


puer

puer m (genitive puerī, feminine puera); second declension

puerī (genitive)
puera (feminine)
puer (nominative singular)
puerī (nominative plural)
puerī (genitive singular)
puerōrum (genitive plural)
puerō (dative singular)
puerīs (dative plural)
puerum (accusative singular)
puerōs (accusative plural)
puerō (ablative singular)
puerīs (ablative plural)
puer (singular vocative)
puerī (plural vocative)

desc

→ English: puer, puer aeternus, puerile, puerilism, puerperium, puerility, puerperal, puerperous

→ Ido: puero

⇒ Romanian: prunc

From Proto-Italic *puweros, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂weros, from *peh₂w-. Cognate with Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌂𐌋𐌖𐌌 (puglum), Ancient Greek παῖς (paîs, “boy”).


abbas

la-noun

abbās m (genitive abbātis, feminine abbātissa); third declension

abbās (canonical masculine)
abbātis (genitive)
abbātissa (feminine)
abbās (nominative singular)
abbātēs (nominative plural)
abbātis (genitive singular)
abbātum (genitive plural)
abbātī (dative singular)
abbātibus (dative plural)
abbātem (accusative singular)
abbātēs (accusative plural)
abbāte (ablative singular)
abbātibus (ablative plural)
abbās (singular vocative)
abbātēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: abate (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: abbate

Sicilian: abbati

Padanian:

Piedmontese: abà

Romagnol: abêt

Old Occitan:

Catalan: abat

Occitan: abat

West Iberian

Asturian: abá

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: abade
Galician: abade
Portuguese: abade

Old Spanish: abbat, abad

Spanish: abad (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings

→ Crimean Tatar: abbat

→ Danish: abbed

→ Finnish: apotti

→ Georgian: აბატი (abaṭi)

→ Indonesian: abbas

→ Latvian: abats

→ Lithuanian: abatas

→ Middle Dutch: abbet

Dutch: abt
Afrikaans: ab

→ Old English: abbat, abbod

Middle English: abbot, abbod

English: abbot
Gullah: aabut

→ Old Norse: ábóti

Icelandic: ábóti

Norwegian: abbed

→ Old French: abbet (see there for further descendants)

→ Old High German: abbāt

Middle High German: abbāt

German: Abt

Luxembourgish: Abt

→ Hungarian: apát

→ Czech: opat
→ Polish: opat

→ Macedonian: опат (opat)

→ Serbo-Croatian: опат

→ Slovak: opát

→ Slovene: opat

→ Ukrainian: опат (opat)

→ Old Irish: ap (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Norse: abbati

Faroese: abbati

→ Old Saxon: *abbat

Middle Low German: abbet, abt

→ Old Swedish: abbot

Swedish: abbot

→ Proto-Brythonic: *abad

Breton: abad

Cornish: abas

Middle Welsh: abat

Welsh: abad

→ West Frisian: abt

From Ancient Greek ἀββα, ἀββᾶς (abba, abbâs, “father or abbot”), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).


avus

la-noun

avus m (genitive avī); second declension

avī (genitive)
avus (nominative singular)
avī (nominative plural)
avī (genitive singular)
avōrum (genitive plural)
avō (dative singular)
avīs (dative plural)
avum (accusative singular)
avōs (accusative plural)
avō (ablative singular)
avīs (ablative plural)
ave (singular vocative)
avī (plural vocative)

⇒ Aromanian: aush

Catalan: avi

Spanish: abuelo

French: aïeul

Lombard: av, ev

Italian: avo

⇒ Romanian: auș

Sardinian: abu, àviu, avu

Sicilian: avu

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os (“grandfather, uncle”).

inh

… māternō veniēns ab avō Cyllēnia prōlēs.

[... Mercury, that] child of [Mount] Cyllene, approaching from [the mountain of] his maternal grandfather, [Atlas].
(Mount Atlas is personified as the Titan Atlas, father of Maia, the mother of Mercury, who was born on Mount Cyllene.)


rex

la-noun

rēx m (genitive rēgis, feminine rēgīna); third declension

rēx (canonical masculine)
rēgis (genitive)
rēgīna (feminine)
rēx (nominative singular)
rēgēs (nominative plural)
rēgis (genitive singular)
rēgum (genitive plural)
rēgī (dative singular)
rēgibus (dative plural)
rēgem (accusative singular)
rēgēs (accusative plural)
rēge (ablative singular)
rēgibus (ablative plural)
rēx (singular vocative)
rēgēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: rè

Italian: re
→ Maltese: re

Neapolitan: rré

Sicilian: re, reji

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: rà

Old Lombard: rex

Lombard: rè, re

Piedmontese: rèj

Friulian: re

Ladin: re

Ligurian: re

Romansch: retg, raig, rai

Venetian: re

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: rê

desctree

Old French: roi
Middle French: roy
French: roi
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa
Norman:
Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey
Guernsey: ré, roué
Jersey: rouai
Sark: rwe
Walloon: roy, rwè
→ Middle English: roy, roye
English: roy

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: rei, rey

Catalan: rei

Old Occitan: rei
Occitan: rei, rèi

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: rei, rey

Aragonese: rei

Old Leonese: rei, rey, re

Asturian: rei, reye

Leonese: rei

Mirandese: rei

Old Galician-Portuguese: rei
Fala: rei
Galician: rei
Portuguese: rei (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: rey
Ladino: rey
Spanish: rey
Chavacano: rey
Papiamentu: rey
→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: re, rei

→ Albanian: regj

→ Basque: errege

→ English: rex, Rex

→ Esperanto: reĝo

→ Koine Greek: ῥήξ (rhḗx)

→ Greek: ρήγας (rígas)

→ Albanian: rig

→ Romanian: rigă

→ Ido: rejo

→ Interlingua: rege

→ Italian: rege

→ Romanian: rege

→? Sicilian: reghi

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Balaeniceps rex, Tyrannosaurus rex

→ Volapük: reg

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rēx
From Proto-Italic *rēks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king, ruler”). Cognates include Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan, “king”) and Old Irish rí (“king”).

etymon

rēx

inh

(derogatory) despot, tyrant (during the time of the Republic when there were no kings and executive power was usually divided)


pater

la-noun

pater m (genitive patris); third declension

patris (genitive)
pater (nominative singular)
patrēs (nominative plural)
patris (genitive singular)
patrum (genitive plural)
patrī (dative singular)
patribus (dative plural)
patrem (accusative singular)
patrēs (accusative plural)
patre (ablative singular)
patribus (ablative plural)
pater (singular vocative)
patrēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: pate

Old Italian: patre

Italian: padre
→ English: padre

Sicilian: patri

Western Romance:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: pèder, pär

Ligurian: paire, poæ

Old Lombard: patre

Lombard: pader, pare

desc

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: patr′, paddö, pà, pätri

Piedmontese: pare, peri

Venetian: pare

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pâre

desctree

Old French: pere, pedre
Bourguignon: peire
Middle French: pere
French: père
→ Dutch: pere
→ English: père
Norman: père, pére, péthe
Walloon: pere

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: pá, pai, padre

Extremaduran: pairi

Leonese: pai

Mirandese: pai

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: pai

Old Galician-Portuguese: padre
Galician: padre
Portuguese: padre (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Old Galician-Portuguese: pay
Galician: pai
Portuguese: pai (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: padre

Ladino:

Hebrew script: פאדרי

Latin script: padre

Spanish: padre
→ Classical Nahuatl: padre
→ English: padre
→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: pa̱lej
→ Tagalog: pari

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: paire
Occitan: paire

Catalan: pare

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pari

Romansch: pader

→ Dutch: pater

→ English: pater
Tok Pisin: pater

→ Romanian: pater

→ Welsh: pader

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr
Proto-Italic *patēr
Latin pater
From Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr. As a titular suffix, shares cognate roots with Old Latin Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), Latin Iuppiter (“Jupiter”).


frater

la-noun

frāter m (genitive frātris); third declension

frāter (canonical masculine)
frātris (genitive)
frāter (nominative singular)
frātrēs (nominative plural)
frātris (genitive singular)
frātrum (genitive plural)
frātrī (dative singular)
frātribus (dative plural)
frātrem (accusative singular)
frātrēs (accusative plural)
frātre (ablative singular)
frātribus (ablative plural)
frāter (singular vocative)
frātrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: frati

Istro-Romanian: fråte

Romanian: frate

Dalmatian:

frutro

Italo-Romance:

Italian: frate
→ English: fra

Neapolitan: frate

Sicilian: frati

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: frade

North Italian:

Friulian: fradi

Istriot: fra

Old Piedmontese: frère, frer

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: frær

Old Ligurian: frae

Ligurian: fræ, frai

Lombard: frar

Romansch: frar

desc

Venetian: frade, brade (influenced by germanic)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: frâre

Old French: frere (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: frare

Old Occitan: fraire (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: frade

Galician: frade

Portuguese: frade

Old Spanish: fradre, frade (early)

Borrowings:

→? Albanian: frat

→ Dutch: frater (learned)

→ Indonesian: frater

→ English: frater (learned)

→ German: Frater (learned)

From Proto-Italic *frātēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


alumnus

la-noun

alumnus m (genitive alumnī, feminine alumna); second declension

alumnī (genitive)
alumna (feminine)
alumnus (nominative singular)
alumnī (nominative plural)
alumnī (genitive singular)
alumnōrum (genitive plural)
alumnō (dative singular)
alumnīs (dative plural)
alumnum (accusative singular)
alumnōs (accusative plural)
alumnō (ablative singular)
alumnīs (ablative plural)
alumne (singular vocative)
alumnī (plural vocative)

English: alumnus

Catalan: alumne

Italian: alunno

Portuguese: aluno

Romanian: alumn

Spanish: alumno

[äˈɫ̪ʊmnʊs̠]

* From Proto-Italic *alomanos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-o-mh₁no- (“being nourished”), mediopassive participle (see *-mh₁nos) of *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”) (whence alō).
* Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”) + *-mno- (see *-mn̥).

der

pervenit ad Cranēn et rem docet, illa ‘timōrem
pōne: tuus sospes’ dīxit ‘alumnus erit.’
She comes to Cranê and tells her what has happened; [and to] that, Cranê replies: “Put fear aside; your nursling will be unharmed.”
(A nurse-maid summons Cranê’s aid because a baby has been attacked by striges; however, Ovid in these verses conflates names and mythologies: see Cardea.)


vir

la-noun

vir m (genitive virī); second declension

virī (genitive)
vir (nominative singular)
virī (nominative plural)
virī (genitive singular)
virōrum (genitive plural)
virō (dative singular)
virīs (dative plural)
virum (accusative singular)
virōs (accusative plural)
virō (ablative singular)
virīs (ablative plural)
vir (singular vocative)
virī (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Old Prussian wijrs, Lithuanian vyras, Latvian vīrs, Old Irish fer, Old Norse verr, Ossetian ир (ir, “Ossetians”) and Old English wer (English were-).

Arma virumque cano.


papa

pāpa f (genitive pāpae); first declension

pāpa (canonical feminine)
pāpae (genitive)
pāpa (nominative singular)
pāpae (nominative plural)
pāpae (genitive singular)
pāpārum (genitive plural)
pāpae (dative singular)
pāpīs (dative plural)
pāpam (accusative singular)
pāpās (accusative plural)
pāpā (ablative singular)
pāpīs (ablative plural)
pāpa (singular vocative)
pāpae (plural vocative)

A nursery word imitative of the movement of the infant's lips during eating. Compare English pap, German Papp, Hungarian papi, Polish papu. Also see the derivative pappō.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Cum cibum ac pōtiōnem "buās" ac "pāpās" vocent, mātrem "mammam", patrem "tatam".

Since children call food "papa" and drink “bua”, mother "mamma" and father "tata". (Nonius Marcellus, De Compendiosa Doctrina, 81 M, 2-4)

(childish) yum yum, num-num, food (especially pap)


papa

la-noun

pāpa m (genitive pāpae, feminine pāpissa); first declension

pāpa (canonical masculine)
pāpae (genitive)
pāpissa (feminine)
pāpa (nominative singular)
pāpae (nominative plural)
pāpae (genitive singular)
pāpārum (genitive plural)
pāpae (dative singular)
pāpīs (dative plural)
pāpam (accusative singular)
pāpās (accusative plural)
pāpā (ablative singular)
pāpīs (ablative plural)
pāpa (singular vocative)
pāpae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: papë

→ Proto-Brythonic: *pab

Middle Welsh: pap

Welsh: pab

→ Middle Dutch: pape

Dutch: paap

→ Old English: pāpa (see there for further descendants)

→ Old French: pape (see there for further descendants)

→ Hungarian: pápa

→ Old Irish: pápa

Irish: pápa

Scottish Gaelic: pàpa

→ Italian: papa
→ Turkish: papa

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: papa

Galician: papa

Portuguese: papa
→ Swahili: papa

→ Romanian: papă

→ Spanish: papa
→ Tagalog: Papa

From early Byzantine Greek πάπας (pápas, title for priests & bishops, especially by 3rd c. the bishop of Alexandria), from πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

bor

The traditional exclamation in Rome after a papal election:

"Habemus papam!" ― "We have a [new] pope!"

(Ecclesiastical Latin) a pope (the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome)

(Ecclesiastical Latin) a patriarch (in primatial sees, notably Coptic Alexandria).


pontifex

la-noun

pontifex m (genitive pontificis); third declension

pontificis (genitive)
pontifex (nominative singular)
pontificēs (nominative plural)
pontificis (genitive singular)
pontificum (genitive plural)
pontificī (dative singular)
pontificibus (dative plural)
pontificem (accusative singular)
pontificēs (accusative plural)
pontifice (ablative singular)
pontificibus (ablative plural)
pontifex (singular vocative)
pontificēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: pontífex

English: pontiff

French: pontife

Italian: pontefice

→ Portuguese: pontífice (learned)

Romanian: pontifice

Russian: понти́фик m (pontífik)

Spanish: pontífice

Often interpreted as a compound originally meaning “bridge-maker”, from Proto-Italic *pontifaks, equivalent to pōns (“bridge”) + -fex (suffix representing a maker or producer), either metaphorically “one who negotiates between gods and men” or literally if at some point the social class which supplied the priests was more or less identical with engineers that were responsible for building bridges. Compare Sanskrit पथिकृत् (pathikṛ́t, “path-maker”), attested as an epithet of rishis in the Rig Veda.

cog

adiacet antīquus Tiberīnō lūcūs Helernī:

The ancient grove of Helernus is near by the Tiber [River]:
Even now the high priests bring sacrifices to there.
(See: Helernus; “Tiberinus” is an alternative name for the Tiber River.)

pontificēs illūc nunc quoque sacra ferunt.

an ancient Roman high priest, state minister, pontiff


filius

la-noun

fīlius m (genitive fīliī or fīlī, feminine fīlia); second declension

fīlius (canonical masculine)
fīliī (genitive)
fīlī (genitive)
fīlia (feminine)
fīlius (nominative singular)
fīliī (nominative plural)
fīliī (genitive singular)
fīlī (genitive singular)
fīliōrum (genitive plural)
fīliō (dative singular)
fīliīs (dative plural)
fīlium (accusative singular)
fīliōs (accusative plural)
fīliō (ablative singular)
fīliīs (ablative plural)
fīlī (singular vocative)
fīliī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: hilj

Istro-Romanian: fiľ

Megleno-Romanian: il'u

Romanian: fiu

Dalmatian:

felj

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: figliu

Italian: figlio

Judeo-Italian: פִילְייוֹ (figlio)

Sicilian: figghiu

Padanian:

Friulian: fi

Istriot: feîo, fèio

Ligurian: fìggio

Piedmontese: fieul, fij

Romansch: figl, fegl

Venetian: fio

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: fill

Franco-Provençal: fely, fily

desctree

Old French: fil
Bourguignon: fi
Walloon: fi

⇒ Old French: filz, fils, fis, fitz, fiz (nominative singular)
Middle French: filz
French: fils
Norman: fils, fis (Jersey)
→ English: Fitz- (via Anglo-Norman fitz)

Old Occitan: filh
Occitan: filh, fiu, hilh

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: fillo

Mozarabic: פליו (flyw)

Old Leonese: fiyo, fijo (Salamanca), fillo (Asturias)
Asturian: fíu, ḥiyu, fiyu
Leonese: fiyu
Extremaduran: iju
Mirandese: filho

Old Galician-Portuguese: filho
Fala: fillu
Galician: fillo
Portuguese: filho (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: fijo
Ladino: ijo
Spanish: hijo (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: fillu

Logudorese: fizu, figiu

From Proto-Italic *fīlios, *feilios (the Latin can reflect either one, but Faliscan 𐌅𐌉𐌋𐌄𐌏 (fīleo, hīleo), if original and not modeled on Latin fīlius, would point to *fīl-), from earlier *θeilios, from *dʰeh₁i-l-yo-s (“sucker”), a derivation from the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck”).
Related to fellō, fēmina, fētus, Old English delu (“nipple, teat”), dēon (“to suck, suckle”), Old Armenian դալ (dal). More at doe.

Priscianus: 'Schema' for 'schemate.' . . . Caecilius in The Changeling–

Priscianus, ap. G.L., II, 199, 17, K: 'Schema' pro 'schemate.' . . . Caecilius in Hypobolimaeo– . . . filius . . . in me incedit satis hilara schema. Aged peasant, guardian of the changeling Chaerestratus

Here comes my son towards me in merry shape.

Caecilius Statius (died ca. 168 BC); in: Remains of Old Latin, edited and translated by E. H. Warmington, vol. I, 1935, page 496f.:


famulus

la-noun

famulus m (genitive famulī, feminine famula); second declension

famulī (genitive)
famula (feminine)
famulus (nominative singular)
famulī (nominative plural)
famulī (genitive singular)
famulōrum (genitive plural)
famulō (dative singular)
famulīs (dative plural)
famulum (accusative singular)
famulōs (accusative plural)
famulō (ablative singular)
famulīs (ablative plural)
famule (singular vocative)
famulī (plural vocative)

[ˈfämʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From earlier famelus, from Proto-Italic *famelos (“slave”) (whence Oscan 𐌚𐌀𐌌𐌄𐌋 (famel, “slave”)), from earlier *θamelos; probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”). Probably as a backformation from the predecessor of familia (see there for details).

der

ūnā cum famulō tuō, pāpā nostrō, N.,

together with thy servant, our Pope, N.,


famulus

la-adj

famulus (feminine famula, neuter famulum); first/second-declension adjective

famula (feminine)
famulum (neuter)
famulus (masculine nominative singular)
famula (feminine nominative singular)
famulum (neuter nominative singular)
famulī (masculine nominative plural)
famulae (feminine nominative plural)
famula (neuter nominative plural)
famulī (genitive masculine singular)
famulae (feminine genitive singular)
famulī (genitive neuter singular)
famulōrum (genitive masculine plural)
famulārum (feminine genitive plural)
famulōrum (genitive neuter plural)
famulō (dative masculine singular)
famulae (dative feminine singular)
famulō (dative neuter singular)
famulīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
famulum (accusative masculine singular)
famulam (accusative feminine singular)
famulum (accusative neuter singular)
famulōs (accusative masculine plural)
famulās (accusative feminine plural)
famula (accusative neuter plural)
famulō (ablative masculine singular)
famulā (ablative feminine singular)
famulō (ablative neuter singular)
famulīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
famule (masculine singular vocative)
famula (feminine singular vocative)
famulum (neuter singular vocative)
famulī (masculine plural vocative)
famulae (feminine plural vocative)
famula (neuter plural vocative)

→ Albanian: famull

→ English: famulus

→ German: Famulus

→ Italian: famulo

→ Portuguese: fâmulo

→ Russian: фа́мулус (fámulus)

→ Spanish: fámulo

→ Svan: ფა̈მლი (pämli), ფამლი (pamli)

[ˈfämʊɫ̪ʊs̠]


eques

la-noun

eques m (genitive equitis); third declension

equitis (genitive)
eques (nominative singular)
equitēs (nominative plural)
equitis (genitive singular)
equitum (genitive plural)
equitī (dative singular)
equitibus (dative plural)
equitem (accusative singular)
equitēs (accusative plural)
equite (ablative singular)
equitibus (ablative plural)
eques (singular vocative)
equitēs (plural vocative)

From equus (“horse”) + -es (“-faring”). Compare pedes, mīles for similar formations.


tata

tata m (genitive tatae); first declension

tatae (genitive)
tata (nominative singular)
tatae (nominative plural)
tatae (genitive singular)
tatārum (genitive plural)
tatae (dative singular)
tatīs (dative plural)
tatam (accusative singular)
tatās (accusative plural)
tatā (ablative singular)
tatīs (ablative plural)
tata (singular vocative)
tatae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: tatã, tati

Istro-Romanian: tåtĕ

Megleno-Romanian: tată

Romanian: tată (“father, dad”)

Italo-Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: tuota, teta

Italian: tata

→ Cimbrian: tatta

→ Mòcheno: tata

Neapolitan: tata

Old Occitan:

Old Catalan: taita (“dad”)

Catalan: tata (“dad, brother”) (dialectal)

Rhaeto-Romance:

Romansch: tat (“grandfather”) (dialectal)

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: taie

West Iberian:

Portuguese: tatá

Old Spanish: taita (“dad”)

Spanish: tata, tato, taita

From Proto-Italic *tata, from Proto-Indo-European *tata-, ultimately onomatopoeic, mimicking baby talk.
Compare the similar atta, and also Cornish tat, tas, Breton tad and Breton tata, Ancient Greek τατᾶ (tatâ), τέττα (tétta), Bulgarian та́тко (tátko), Sanskrit तात (tāta), Kamkata-viri tót, tó, Tregami tát, Waigali tati.

dad, daddy, a term used by children for their father


levir

lēvir m (genitive lēvirī); second declension

lēvir (canonical masculine)
lēvirī (genitive)
lēvir (nominative singular)
lēvirī (nominative plural)
lēvirī (genitive singular)
lēvirōrum (genitive plural)
lēvirō (dative singular)
lēvirīs (dative plural)
lēvirum (accusative singular)
lēvirōs (accusative plural)
lēvirō (ablative singular)
lēvirīs (ablative plural)
lēvir (singular vocative)
lēvirī (plural vocative)

→ English: levir, ⇒ levirate (learned)

From Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“one's brother-in-law”). For initial l- compare lingua, lacrima. The expected *-ver was possibly altered under the influence of vir (“man”).

der

Coordinate term: glōs f


socer

la-noun

socer m (genitive socerī); second declension

socerī (genitive)
socer (nominative singular)
socerī (nominative plural)
socerī (genitive singular)
socerōrum (genitive plural)
socerō (dative singular)
socerīs (dative plural)
socerum (accusative singular)
socerōs (accusative plural)
socerō (ablative singular)
socerīs (ablative plural)
socer (singular vocative)
socerī (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *swekuros, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros.


avunculus

avunculus m (genitive avunculī); second declension

avunculī (genitive)
avunculus (nominative singular)
avunculī (nominative plural)
avunculī (genitive singular)
avunculōrum (genitive plural)
avunculō (dative singular)
avunculīs (dative plural)
avunculum (accusative singular)
avunculōs (accusative plural)
avunculō (ablative singular)
avunculīs (ablative plural)
avuncule (singular vocative)
avunculī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: unchi

North Italian:

Old Venetian: avoncoli (plural, hapax)

⇒ Romansch: aug

Gallo-Romance:

Old Franco-Provençal: uncle, onclo, hunclo

Franco-Provençal: onclle, oncllo

Oïl:

desc

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: ouncle, onclïe, onquille

Norman: aonclle (Guernsey), oncl'ye (Jersey), onque

Old French: oncle (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: avoncle, avonclo, oncle

Catalan: oncle

Old Occitan: avoncle, auncle, aoncle, oncle

Occitan: oncle

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: ungël, ungj

[äˈu̯ʊŋkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

By surface analysis, avus + -unculus. Actually from an n-stem noun suffixed with -culus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₂-on-, a dialectal diminutive of *h₂éwh₂ō (“grandfather, adult male relative other than one’s father”) (whence also Proto-Celtic *awontīr (“uncle”) and possibly Proto-Germanic *awô (“grandfather”), from *h₂éwh₂os (“older male relative”)), whence also avus (“grandfather”).


patruus

la-noun

patruus m (genitive patruī); second declension

patruī (genitive)
patruus (nominative singular)
patruī (nominative plural)
patruī (genitive singular)
patruōrum (genitive plural)
patruō (dative singular)
patruīs (dative plural)
patruum (accusative singular)
patruōs (accusative plural)
patruō (ablative singular)
patruīs (ablative plural)
patrue (singular vocative)
patruī (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tr̥wyos (“paternal uncle”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *fadurwijô (“paternal uncle”).


frater uterinus

la-noun

frāter uterīnus m (genitive frātris uterīnī); third declension

frāter uterīnus (canonical masculine)
frātris uterīnī (genitive)
frāter uterīnus (nominative singular)
frātrēs uterīnī (nominative plural)
frātris uterīnī (genitive singular)
frātrum uterīnōrum (genitive plural)
frātrī uterīnō (dative singular)
frātribus uterīnīs (dative plural)
frātrem uterīnum (accusative singular)
frātrēs uterīnōs (accusative plural)
frātre uterīnō (ablative singular)
frātribus uterīnīs (ablative plural)
frāter uterīne (singular vocative)
frātrēs uterīnī (plural vocative)

[ˈfräːt̪ɛr ʊt̪ɛˈriːnʊs̠]

Coordinate term: frāter cōnsanguineus

the son of someone’s mother who has a different father; maternal half brother


frater consanguineus

frāter cōnsanguineus m (genitive frātris cōnsanguineī); third declension

frāter cōnsanguineus (canonical masculine)
frātris cōnsanguineī (genitive)
frāter cōnsanguineus (nominative singular)
frātrēs cōnsanguineī (nominative plural)
frātris cōnsanguineī (genitive singular)
frātrum cōnsanguineōrum (genitive plural)
frātrī cōnsanguineō (dative singular)
frātribus cōnsanguineīs (dative plural)
frātrem cōnsanguineum (accusative singular)
frātrēs cōnsanguineōs (accusative plural)
frātre cōnsanguineō (ablative singular)
frātribus cōnsanguineīs (ablative plural)
frāter cōnsanguinee (singular vocative)
frātrēs cōnsanguineī (plural vocative)

[ˈfräːt̪ɛr kõːs̠äŋˈɡʷɪneʊs̠]

Coordinate term: frāter uterīnus

the son of someone’s father who has a different mother; paternal half brother


consobrinus

cōnsobrīnus m (genitive cōnsobrīnī, feminine cōnsobrīna); second declension

cōnsobrīnus (canonical masculine)
cōnsobrīnī (genitive)
cōnsobrīna (feminine)
cōnsobrīnus (nominative singular)
cōnsobrīnī (nominative plural)
cōnsobrīnī (genitive singular)
cōnsobrīnōrum (genitive plural)
cōnsobrīnō (dative singular)
cōnsobrīnīs (dative plural)
cōnsobrīnum (accusative singular)
cōnsobrīnōs (accusative plural)
cōnsobrīnō (ablative singular)
cōnsobrīnīs (ablative plural)
cōnsobrīne (singular vocative)
cōnsobrīnī (plural vocative)

Late Latin: cosinus

Aromanian: cusurin

Catalan: cosí

Dalmatian: cosobrain

Franco-Provençal: cusin

Old French: cosin

French: cousin

→ German: Cousin

→ Polish: kuzyn

→ Russian: кузе́н (kuzén)

→ Swedish: kusin

→ Turkish: kuzen

→ Ukrainian: кузе́н (kuzén)

Lorrain: cugin

→ Dutch: kozijn

→ German: Cousin, Cousine

→ English: cousin

→ Esperanto: kuzo, kuzino

→ Ido: kuzo, kuzino

Friulian: cusin

Italian: consobrino, cugino

Norman: cousin, couôsîn, couôthîn

Occitan: cosin

Portuguese: consobrinho

Romansch: cusrin, cusregn, cusdrin

Sicilian: cucinu

Venetian: cuxin

Walloon: cuzén

→ Albanian: kushëri


gener fratris

gener frātris m (genitive generī frātris); second declension

gener frātris (canonical masculine)
generī frātris (genitive)
gener frātris (nominative singular)
generī frātris (nominative plural)
generī frātris (genitive singular)
generōrum frātris (genitive plural)
generō frātris (dative singular)
generīs frātris (dative plural)
generum frātris (accusative singular)
generōs frātris (accusative plural)
generō frātris (ablative singular)
generīs frātris (ablative plural)
gener frātris (singular vocative)
generī frātris (plural vocative)

[ˈɡɛnɛr ˈfräːt̪rɪs̠]

Literally "son-in-law of brother", from gener (“son-in-law”) + frātris, genitive of frāter (“brother”)

son-in-law of someone's brother; fraternal nephew-in-law


magister

magister m (genitive magistrī, feminine magistra); second declension

magistrī (genitive)
magistra (feminine)
magister (nominative singular)
magistrī (nominative plural)
magistrī (genitive singular)
magistrōrum (genitive plural)
magistrō (dative singular)
magistrīs (dative plural)
magistrum (accusative singular)
magistrōs (accusative plural)
magistrō (ablative singular)
magistrīs (ablative plural)
magister (singular vocative)
magistrī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance

Romanian: măiestru

Padanian:

Friulian: mestri

Ligurian: méistro

Piedmontese: mèistr

Venetian: maestro

→ Cimbrian: maistro

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: maestru

Old Italian: mastro

Italian: maestro (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: maestro

Sicilian: mastru, majistru

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old Francoprovençal: maistre, maistro

Franco-Provençal: mêtro, maîtro, meîtro

Bressan: maîtrou

desctree

Old French: maistre, mestre
Middle French: maistre
French: maître (see there for further descendants)
Bourguignon: moître
Gallo: maître
Norman: maître
Picard: moaître
Walloon: mwaisse
→ Middle Breton: maestr
Breton: mestr
→ Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister
→ Middle Welsh: meistyr
Welsh: meistr
→ Old East Slavic: мастеръ (masterŭ)
Russian: мастер (master)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: mayestre, mayestro

Old Catalan: maestre

Catalan: mestre

Old Occitan: maestre
Occitan: mèstre
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: meestre, maestre (or via Old Catalan)
Galician: mestre
Portuguese: mestre
→ Spanish: maestre

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: maistru

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: maestru, maestre

Old Spanish: maesse

Spanish: maese, maeso, maestro

Borrowings

→ Albanian: mjeshtër, mjesht

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: maestr

Breton: mestr

Cornish: mester

Welsh: meistr

desc

→ Koine Greek: μαγίστωρ (magístōr), μάγιστρος (mágistros)

Byzantine Greek: μαΐστωρ (maḯstōr), μάστορας (mástoras)

Greek: μάστορας (mástoras)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *maistar (see there for further descendants)

→ Belarusian: магістр (mahistr)

→ Bulgarian: магистър (magistǎr)

→ Crimean Tatar: magistr

→ Czech: magistr

→ English: magister

→ Estonian: magister

→ Finnish: magisteri

→ French: magister

→ Old High German: magister

→ Middle High German: magister

→ German: Magister

→ Italian: magister

desctree

→ Old English: mæġester, magister, māġister, mæġster, mǣster
Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir (reinforced by Old French maistre)
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister

→ Old Irish: magister
Irish: máistir
Manx: mainshtyr
Scottish Gaelic: maighstir

→ Lithuanian: magistras

→ Piedmontese: magìster

→ Polish: magister

→ Portuguese: magíster

→ Romanian: magistru

→ Romansch: magister

→ Russian: маги́стр (magístr)

→ Serbo-Croatian: magistar / магистар

→ Spanish: magíster

→ Swedish: magister
→ Finnish: maisteri

→ Ukrainian: магістр (mahistr)

[mäˈɡɪs̠t̪ɛr]

From Proto-Italic *magisteros. Equivalent to magis (“more or great”) + Proto-Indo-European *-teros. Compare minister.

master; a title of the Middle Ages, given to a person in authority or to one having a license from a university to teach philosophy and the liberal arts, teacher, instructor


flamen

la-noun

flāmen n (genitive flāminis); third declension

flāmen (canonical neuter)
flāminis (genitive)
flāmen (nominative singular)
flāmina (nominative plural)
flāminis (genitive singular)
flāminum (genitive plural)
flāminī (dative singular)
flāminibus (dative plural)
flāmen (accusative singular)
flāmina (accusative plural)
flāmine (ablative singular)
flāminibus (ablative plural)
flāmen (singular vocative)
flāmina (plural vocative)

From flō (“I breathe, blow”) + -men (noun-forming suffix).


censor

la-noun

cēnsor m (genitive cēnsōris); third declension

cēnsor (canonical masculine)
cēnsōris (genitive)
cēnsor (nominative singular)
cēnsōrēs (nominative plural)
cēnsōris (genitive singular)
cēnsōrum (genitive plural)
cēnsōrī (dative singular)
cēnsōribus (dative plural)
cēnsōrem (accusative singular)
cēnsōrēs (accusative plural)
cēnsōre (ablative singular)
cēnsōribus (ablative plural)
cēnsor (singular vocative)
cēnsōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: censor

→ English: censor

→ French: censeur

→ German: Zensor

→ Italian: censore

desc

→ Oscan: 𐌊𐌄𐌄𐌍𐌆𐌔𐌕𐌖𐌓 (keenzstur), 𐌊𐌄𐌍𐌔𐌆𐌖𐌓 (kenszur)

→ Portuguese: censor

→ Romanian: cenzor

→ Russian: це́нзор (cénzor)

→ Spanish: censor

From cēnseō (“I assess, value, judge, tax, etc.”) + -tor (agentive suffix).

af

provincial magistrate with similar duties.

a critic, especially a severe one of morals and society


amator

la-noun

amātor m (genitive amātōris, feminine amātrīx); third declension

amātor (canonical masculine)
amātōris (genitive)
amātrīx (feminine)
amātor (nominative singular)
amātōrēs (nominative plural)
amātōris (genitive singular)
amātōrum (genitive plural)
amātōrī (dative singular)
amātōribus (dative plural)
amātōrem (accusative singular)
amātōrēs (accusative plural)
amātōre (ablative singular)
amātōribus (ablative plural)
amātor (singular vocative)
amātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: amador

→ French: amateur (see there for further descendants)

Italian: amatore

Old French: ameor

Portuguese: amador

Romanian: amator

Spanish: amador

From amō (“love”, verb) + -tor (agent suffix).


medicus

la-adj

mēdicus (feminine mēdica, neuter mēdicum); first/second-declension adjective

mēdicus (canonical)
mēdica (feminine)
mēdicum (neuter)
mēdicus (masculine nominative singular)
mēdica (feminine nominative singular)
mēdicum (neuter nominative singular)
mēdicī (masculine nominative plural)
mēdicae (feminine nominative plural)
mēdica (neuter nominative plural)
mēdicī (genitive masculine singular)
mēdicae (feminine genitive singular)
mēdicī (genitive neuter singular)
mēdicōrum (genitive masculine plural)
mēdicārum (feminine genitive plural)
mēdicōrum (genitive neuter plural)
mēdicō (dative masculine singular)
mēdicae (dative feminine singular)
mēdicō (dative neuter singular)
mēdicīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mēdicum (accusative masculine singular)
mēdicam (accusative feminine singular)
mēdicum (accusative neuter singular)
mēdicōs (accusative masculine plural)
mēdicās (accusative feminine plural)
mēdica (accusative neuter plural)
mēdicō (ablative masculine singular)
mēdicā (ablative feminine singular)
mēdicō (ablative neuter singular)
mēdicīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mēdice (masculine singular vocative)
mēdica (feminine singular vocative)
mēdicum (neuter singular vocative)
mēdicī (masculine plural vocative)
mēdicae (feminine plural vocative)
mēdica (neuter plural vocative)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *melica

Catalan: melca, melga

Galician: melga

Spanish: mielga


aedilis

la-noun

aedīlis m (genitive aedīlis); third declension

aedīlis (canonical masculine)
aedīlis (genitive)
aedīlis (nominative singular)
aedīlēs (nominative plural)
aedīlis (genitive singular)
aedīlium (genitive plural)
aedīlī (dative singular)
aedīlibus (dative plural)
aedīlem (accusative singular)
aedīlēs (accusative plural)
aedīlīs (accusative plural)
aedīlī (ablative singular)
aedīlibus (ablative plural)
aedīlis (singular vocative)
aedīlēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: edil (learned)

→ English: aedile

→ French: édile

→ German: Ädil

→ Ancient Greek: αἰδίλης (aidílēs)

→ Portuguese: edil

→ Spanish: edil

[äe̯ˈd̪iːlʲɪs̠]

From Proto-Italic *aiðīlis. See aedēs (“building”) (< Proto-Italic *aiðes, genitive of *aits, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-s, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite; fire”)).


imitator

imitātor m (genitive imitātōris); third declension

imitātor (canonical masculine)
imitātōris (genitive)
imitātor (nominative singular)
imitātōrēs (nominative plural)
imitātōris (genitive singular)
imitātōrum (genitive plural)
imitātōrī (dative singular)
imitātōribus (dative plural)
imitātōrem (accusative singular)
imitātōrēs (accusative plural)
imitātōre (ablative singular)
imitātōribus (ablative plural)
imitātor (singular vocative)
imitātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: imitador

English: imitator

French: imitateur

Galician: imitador

Italian: imitatore

Portuguese: imitador

Romanian: imitator

Russian: имита́тор (imitátor)

Spanish: imitador

[ɪmɪˈt̪äːt̪ɔr]


consul

cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension

cōnsul (canonical masculine)
cōnsulis (genitive)
cōnsul (nominative singular)
cōnsulēs (nominative plural)
cōnsulis (genitive singular)
cōnsulum (genitive plural)
cōnsulī (dative singular)
cōnsulibus (dative plural)
cōnsulem (accusative singular)
cōnsulēs (accusative plural)
cōnsule (ablative singular)
cōnsulibus (ablative plural)
cōnsul (singular vocative)
cōnsulēs (plural vocative)

→ Czech: konšel

desctree

→ Old English: consul
Middle English: consul, consoul
English: consul
Scots: consul

Old Francoprovençal: cóssel, cóssol, cossiel

Franco-Provençal: coússol, coússel

→ French: consul
→ Romanian: consul
→ Thai: กงสุล (gong-sǔn)
→ Turkish: konsül
→ Persian: کنسول (konsul)

→ German: Konsul

→ Italian: console

Old Occitan: cossel

Occitan: cossèl

→ Portuguese: cônsul

→ Russian: ко́нсул (kónsul)
→ Azerbaijani: konsul
→ Belarusian: ко́нсул (kónsul)
→ Crimean Tatar: konsul
→ Estonian: konsul
→ Georgian: კონსული (ḳonsuli)
→ Kazakh: консул (konsul)
→ Kyrgyz: консул (konsul)
→ Latvian: konsuls
→ Lithuanian: konsulas
→ Mongolian: консул (konsul)
→ Tajik: консул (konsul)
→ Turkmen: konsul
→ Ukrainian: ко́нсул (kónsul)
→ Uzbek: konsul

→ Sicilian: cùnzuli, cùnzulu

→ Spanish: cónsul

→ Swedish: konsul

From earlier consol. Root noun to cōnsulō.

O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?

"Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives? "

consul: either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic, elected annually


quaestor

la-noun

quaestor m (genitive quaestōris); third declension

quaestōris (genitive)
quaestor (nominative singular)
quaestōrēs (nominative plural)
quaestōris (genitive singular)
quaestōrum (genitive plural)
quaestōrī (dative singular)
quaestōribus (dative plural)
quaestōrem (accusative singular)
quaestōrēs (accusative plural)
quaestōre (ablative singular)
quaestōribus (ablative plural)
quaestor (singular vocative)
quaestōrēs (plural vocative)

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: κυαισίτωρ (kuaisítōr)

→? Faliscan: cuestod (nom.sg.)

→ Marsian: qestur (nom.pl.)

→ Oscan: kvaísstur (nom.sg.), kvaízstur, κϝαιστορ (kwaistor)

→ Umbrian: kvestur (nom.sg.), ⇒ kvestretie

[ˈkʷäe̯s̠t̪ɔr]

For Proto-Italic *kʷaistōr, as quaerō + -tor.

Caesar partitis copiis cum Gaio Fabio legato et Marco Crasso quaestore celeriterque effectis pontibus adit tripertito, aedificia vicosque incendit, magno pecoris atque hominum numero potitur.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.6

Caesar, having divided his forces with C. Fabius, his lieutenant, and M. Crassus his questor, and having hastily constructed some bridges, enters their country in three divisions, burns their houses and villages, and gets possession of a large number of cattle and men.


fatuus

la-noun

fatuus m (genitive fatuī, feminine fatua); second declension

fatuī (genitive)
fatua (feminine)
fatuus (nominative singular)
fatuī (nominative plural)
fatuī (genitive singular)
fatuōrum (genitive plural)
fatuō (dative singular)
fatuīs (dative plural)
fatuum (accusative singular)
fatuōs (accusative plural)
fatuō (ablative singular)
fatuīs (ablative plural)
fatue (singular vocative)
fatuī (plural vocative)

Asturian: fato

Catalan: fat, fatu

English: fatuous

French: fade, fada, fat

Galician: fato

Italian: fatuo

Portuguese: fátuo, fatela

Spanish: fatuo

Uncertain. Maybe from dialectal Proto-Indo-European *bʰat-. (See also battuō.) More likely, a derivative of *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), particularly an abstract noun *bʰh₂-tu- (“speech”); thereby related to for.
According to one hypothesis, Fatuus was an alternative name of the god Faunus, who predicted the future.

Ita, rogo; paene effregisti, fatue, foribus cardines.

I do so ask you; you fool, you've almost broken the hinges from off the door.

(derogatory) fool, simpleton, jester, buffoon, blockhead


natus

nātus m (genitive nātī, feminine nāta); second declension

nātus (canonical masculine)
nātī (genitive)
nāta (feminine)
nātus (nominative singular)
nātī (nominative plural)
nātī (genitive singular)
nātōrum (genitive plural)
nātō (dative singular)
nātīs (dative plural)
nātum (accusative singular)
nātōs (accusative plural)
nātō (ablative singular)
nātīs (ablative plural)
nāte (singular vocative)
nātī (plural vocative)

Romanian: nat

Perfect active participle of nāscor (“I am born”). From older gnātus, from Proto-Italic *gnātos, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“produced, given birth”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth, beget”). The form genitus (used as the perfect passive participle of gignō) is a later creation, and forms a doublet.

etymon

nātus


putus

la-noun

putus m (genitive putī); second declension

Earlier conjecture/variant reading in Pseudo-Virgil's Catalepton, where more recent editions read Pothus (“Desire”), i.e. personified Ancient Greek πόθος (póthos). The word would match the base form of pusillus, putillus (see the former for details) as well as a number of Italic and Indo-European cognates. For this reason it has found a circulation in etymological works and is included as a headword by De Vaan, but the single attestation is spurious, making this a ghost word. See Proto-Italic *putlos and Latin puer, pūsus, pullus.


rebellis

rebellis m (genitive rebellis, feminine rebellātrīx); third declension

rebellis (genitive)
rebellātrīx (feminine)
rebellis (nominative singular)
rebellēs (nominative plural)
rebellis (genitive singular)
rebellium (genitive plural)
rebellī (dative singular)
rebellibus (dative plural)
rebellem (accusative singular)
rebellēs (accusative plural)
rebellīs (accusative plural)
rebelle (ablative singular)
rebellibus (ablative plural)
rebellis (singular vocative)
rebellēs (plural vocative)

[rɛˈbɛlːʲɪs̠]

From rebellō (“I renew war”) + -is (although this usually forms adjectives from nouns, not from verbs), from re- (“again”) + bellō (“I wage war”).


patronus

patrōnus m (genitive patrōnī); second declension

patrōnus (canonical masculine)
patrōnī (genitive)
patrōnus (nominative singular)
patrōnī (nominative plural)
patrōnī (genitive singular)
patrōnōrum (genitive plural)
patrōnō (dative singular)
patrōnīs (dative plural)
patrōnum (accusative singular)
patrōnōs (accusative plural)
patrōnō (ablative singular)
patrōnīs (ablative plural)
patrōne (singular vocative)
patrōnī (plural vocative)

Catalan: patró

Sicilian: patronu, patrò

Corsican: patronu

Dutch: patroon

Old French: patrone

desctree

→ Middle English: patroun, patrone, patron, patroen, patrown
English: patron, pattern
Scots: patron, pawtron
Yola: patroon
→ Irish: pátrún

French: patron (see there for further descendants)

Friulian: paron

→ Middle High German: patrōn

German: Patron

Galician: padrón, patrón

Italian: padrone, patrono

Portuguese: padrão

Portuguese: patrono

Portuguese: patrão
→ Konkani: पात्रांव (pātrāuva)

Romanian: patron

Sicilian: patrunu

Spanish: patrón, padrón

Venetian: paron

→ Old Georgian: პატრონი (ṗaṭroni)

Middle Georgian: ბატონი (baṭoni)

→ Middle Armenian: պատրոն (patron)

From an unattested *patrō, -ōnis + -us, from
pater (“father, forefather”) + -ō ((colloquial) agent noun-forming suffix). Compare colōnus and avunculus. See also mātrōna.

Exspectō patrōnum.


atpatruus

la-noun

atpatruus m (genitive atpatruī); second declension

atpatruī (genitive)
atpatruus (nominative singular)
atpatruī (nominative plural)
atpatruī (genitive singular)
atpatruōrum (genitive plural)
atpatruō (dative singular)
atpatruīs (dative plural)
atpatruum (accusative singular)
atpatruōs (accusative plural)
atpatruō (ablative singular)
atpatruīs (ablative plural)
atpatrue (singular vocative)
atpatruī (plural vocative)


procurator

prōcūrātor m (genitive prōcūrātōris); third declension

prōcūrātor (canonical masculine)
prōcūrātōris (genitive)
prōcūrātor (nominative singular)
prōcūrātōrēs (nominative plural)
prōcūrātōris (genitive singular)
prōcūrātōrum (genitive plural)
prōcūrātōrī (dative singular)
prōcūrātōribus (dative plural)
prōcūrātōrem (accusative singular)
prōcūrātōrēs (accusative plural)
prōcūrātōre (ablative singular)
prōcūrātōribus (ablative plural)
prōcūrātor (singular vocative)
prōcūrātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: procurador

→ German: Prokuratur

→ Hungarian: prokurátor (obsolete) → prókátor

→ Italian: procuratore

→ Old French: procuratour

→ Middle English: procuratour, proctour

English: procurator, proctor

French: procurateur

→ Old Irish: procatóir

Irish: prócadóir

→ Polish: prokurator

→ Portuguese: procurador

→ Spanish: procurador

From prōcūrō (“I manage, administer”) + -tor.

tax collector (during the imperial eras)


gener

gener m (genitive generī); second declension

generī (genitive)
gener (nominative singular)
generī (nominative plural)
generī (genitive singular)
generōrum (genitive plural)
generō (dative singular)
generīs (dative plural)
generum (accusative singular)
generōs (accusative plural)
generō (ablative singular)
generīs (ablative plural)
gener (singular vocative)
generī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: dziniri, dzinire

Romanian: ginere

Italo-Romance:

Italian: genero

Neapolitan: jennero

Sicilian: jènniru

Padanian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: zèner, zènar, zèndar

Ligurian: zénou, zénne, zénio, zèndre

desc

Lombard: zèner, gèner, zènder, xéner, gèner, gèndro

Piedmontese: gënner, gëner, gène, zène, zèni, zëndri, zëner

Romagnol: zènar, zènnar, zènre

Friulian: zinar, ginar

Venetian: zendro, zènero, xènero

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: gendre, genre

Franco-Provençal: gendro

Old French: gendre (see there for further descendants)

Old Gascon: gier

Gascon: gèr, hiér, iendre

Occitan: gendre

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: xenru

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: genrro
Fala: ixhenru, xenru, xhenru
Galician: xenro
Portuguese: genro

Old Spanish: yerno

Spanish: yerno

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: ghèneru, génniru

From Proto-Italic *genros, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵm̥ros, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵem-. The current form can be derived from a byform *gemros, assimilating the nasal to make *genros, from which derives a second-declension r-stem.

hanc ego cum vellem generō dare, tempora taedīs

When I was wanting to give her to a son-in-law, I was looking for the times suited for marriage torches, and whichever [times] must be avoided.

aptā requīrēbam, quaeque cavenda forent.


germanus

la-adj

germānus (feminine germāna, neuter germānum, adverb germānē); first/second-declension adjective

germānus (canonical)
germāna (feminine)
germānum (neuter)
germānē (adverb)
germānus (masculine nominative singular)
germāna (feminine nominative singular)
germānum (neuter nominative singular)
germānī (masculine nominative plural)
germānae (feminine nominative plural)
germāna (neuter nominative plural)
germānī (genitive masculine singular)
germānae (feminine genitive singular)
germānī (genitive neuter singular)
germānōrum (genitive masculine plural)
germānārum (feminine genitive plural)
germānōrum (genitive neuter plural)
germānō (dative masculine singular)
germānae (dative feminine singular)
germānō (dative neuter singular)
germānīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
germānum (accusative masculine singular)
germānam (accusative feminine singular)
germānum (accusative neuter singular)
germānōs (accusative masculine plural)
germānās (accusative feminine plural)
germāna (accusative neuter plural)
germānō (ablative masculine singular)
germānā (ablative feminine singular)
germānō (ablative neuter singular)
germānīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
germāne (masculine singular vocative)
germāna (feminine singular vocative)
germānum (neuter singular vocative)
germānī (masculine plural vocative)
germānae (feminine plural vocative)
germāna (neuter plural vocative)

→ Italian: germano

→ Old French: germain

French: germain

Norman: gèrmain

→ English: germane, german

→ Portuguese: germano

[ɡɛrˈmäːnʊs̠]

From germen (“sprout, bud”), perhaps for *germ(i)nānus. Not to be confused with the unrelated Germānus.


legatus

la-noun

lēgātus m (genitive lēgātī); second declension

lēgātus (canonical masculine)
lēgātī (genitive)
lēgātus (nominative singular)
lēgātī (nominative plural)
lēgātī (genitive singular)
lēgātōrum (genitive plural)
lēgātō (dative singular)
lēgātīs (dative plural)
lēgātum (accusative singular)
lēgātōs (accusative plural)
lēgātō (ablative singular)
lēgātīs (ablative plural)
lēgāte (singular vocative)
lēgātī (plural vocative)

Catalan: legat, llegat

→ English: legate

French: légat

Galician: legado

Italian: legato

Occitan: legat

Portuguese: legado

→ Russian: легат (legat)

Spanish: legado

[ɫ̪eːˈɡäːt̪ʊs̠]

Perfect passive participle of lēgō (“send, despatch”).


captivus

la-adj

captīvus (feminine captīva, neuter captīvum); first/second-declension adjective

captīvus (canonical)
captīva (feminine)
captīvum (neuter)
captīvus (masculine nominative singular)
captīva (feminine nominative singular)
captīvum (neuter nominative singular)
captīvī (masculine nominative plural)
captīvae (feminine nominative plural)
captīva (neuter nominative plural)
captīvī (genitive masculine singular)
captīvae (feminine genitive singular)
captīvī (genitive neuter singular)
captīvōrum (genitive masculine plural)
captīvārum (feminine genitive plural)
captīvōrum (genitive neuter plural)
captīvō (dative masculine singular)
captīvae (dative feminine singular)
captīvō (dative neuter singular)
captīvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
captīvum (accusative masculine singular)
captīvam (accusative feminine singular)
captīvum (accusative neuter singular)
captīvōs (accusative masculine plural)
captīvās (accusative feminine plural)
captīva (accusative neuter plural)
captīvō (ablative masculine singular)
captīvā (ablative feminine singular)
captīvō (ablative neuter singular)
captīvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
captīve (masculine singular vocative)
captīva (feminine singular vocative)
captīvum (neuter singular vocative)
captīvī (masculine plural vocative)
captīvae (feminine plural vocative)
captīva (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: cativu

English: captive, caitiff

French: captif, chétif

Padanian:

Emilian:

Friulian: cjâtif

Ligurian:

Piedmontese: cativ

Romansch:

Romagnol: cativ

Italian: cattivo

Old French: caitif, chaitif

Old Occitan: caitiu

Catalan: captiu

Old Galician-Portuguese: cativo

Galician: cativo

desctree

Portuguese: cativo
Papiamentu: katibu
Sranan Tongo: katibo
Aukan: katibo
Saramaccan: katibo

Romanian: captiv

Sicilian: cattivu

Spanish: cativo, captivo, cautivo

Venetian: cativo


princeps

la-noun

prī̆nceps m or f (genitive prī̆ncipis); third declension

prī̆nceps (canonical feminine masculine)
prī̆ncipis (genitive)
prī̆nceps (nominative singular)
prī̆ncipēs (nominative plural)
prī̆ncipis (genitive singular)
prī̆ncipum (genitive plural)
prī̆ncipī (dative singular)
prī̆ncipibus (dative plural)
prī̆ncipem (accusative singular)
prī̆ncipēs (accusative plural)
prī̆ncipe (ablative singular)
prī̆ncipibus (ablative plural)
prī̆nceps (singular vocative)
prī̆ncipēs (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: pringj

→ Ancient Greek: πρῖγκιψ (prînkips)

Byzantine Greek: πρῖγκιψ (prînkips)

→ Greek: πρίγκιπας (prígkipas)

→ Basque: printze

Catalan: príncep

desctree

French: prince
→ English: prince, princess
→ Manx: prinse
→ Japanese: プリンス (purinsu), プリンセス (purinsesu)
→ Dutch: prins, prinses
→ Danish: prins, prinsesse
→ Swedish: prins, prinsessa
→ Finnish: prinssi, prinsessa
→ German: Prinz, Prinzessin
→ Russian: принц (princ), принцесса (princessa)
→ Serbo-Croatian: princ
→ Esperanto: princo
→ Icelandic: prins
→ Faroese: prinsur
→ Irish: prionsa
→ Luxembourgish: Prënz
→ Ottoman Turkish: پرَنْس (prens)
Turkish: prens
→ Persian: پرَنس (perans)
→ Romanian: prinț, prințesă
→ Latvian: princis, princese

Italian: principe

Old Occitan: prince

→ Portuguese: príncipe

Sicilian: prìncipi

→ Spanish: príncipe
→ Cebuano: prinsipe
→ Tagalog: prinsipe

→ German: Fürst (calque)
→ Danish: fyrste
→ Estonian: vürst
→ Icelandic: fursti
→ Latvian: firsts
→ Swedish: furste

→ Dutch: vorst (calque)

→ English: princeps

From Proto-Italic *priisemokaps by syncope. By surface analysis, prīmus (“first”) + -ceps (“catcher”). Compare Old English fruma (“chief, prince, ruler”).


vetulus

la-noun

vetulus m (genitive vetulī); second declension

vetulī (genitive)
vetulus (nominative singular)
vetulī (nominative plural)
vetulī (genitive singular)
vetulōrum (genitive plural)
vetulō (dative singular)
vetulīs (dative plural)
vetulum (accusative singular)
vetulōs (accusative plural)
vetulō (ablative singular)
vetulīs (ablative plural)
vetule (singular vocative)
vetulī (plural vocative)

[ˈu̯ɛt̪ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From vetus (“old”) + -ulus (diminutive ending).

af

"et dominus meus vetulus ("and my lord is an old man")


spintria

la-noun

spintria m (genitive spintriae); first declension

spintriae (genitive)
spintria (nominative singular)
spintriae (nominative plural)
spintriae (genitive singular)
spintriārum (genitive plural)
spintriae (dative singular)
spintriīs (dative plural)
spintriam (accusative singular)
spintriās (accusative plural)
spintriā (ablative singular)
spintriīs (ablative plural)
spintria (singular vocative)
spintriae (plural vocative)

English: spintrian

From Ancient Greek σφιγκτήρ (sphinktḗr, “something which binds”), referring to the anal sphincter.


sphintria

la-noun

sphintria m (genitive sphintriae); first declension

sphintriae (genitive)
sphintria (nominative singular)
sphintriae (nominative plural)
sphintriae (genitive singular)
sphintriārum (genitive plural)
sphintriae (dative singular)
sphintriīs (dative plural)
sphintriam (accusative singular)
sphintriās (accusative plural)
sphintriā (ablative singular)
sphintriīs (ablative plural)
sphintria (singular vocative)
sphintriae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek σφιγκτήρ (sphinktḗr, “something which binds”) referring to the anal sphincter.


libertinus

la-adj

lībertīnus (feminine lībertīna, neuter lībertīnum); first/second-declension adjective

lībertīnus (canonical)
lībertīna (feminine)
lībertīnum (neuter)
lībertīnus (masculine nominative singular)
lībertīna (feminine nominative singular)
lībertīnum (neuter nominative singular)
lībertīnī (masculine nominative plural)
lībertīnae (feminine nominative plural)
lībertīna (neuter nominative plural)
lībertīnī (genitive masculine singular)
lībertīnae (feminine genitive singular)
lībertīnī (genitive neuter singular)
lībertīnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
lībertīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
lībertīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
lībertīnō (dative masculine singular)
lībertīnae (dative feminine singular)
lībertīnō (dative neuter singular)
lībertīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lībertīnum (accusative masculine singular)
lībertīnam (accusative feminine singular)
lībertīnum (accusative neuter singular)
lībertīnōs (accusative masculine plural)
lībertīnās (accusative feminine plural)
lībertīna (accusative neuter plural)
lībertīnō (ablative masculine singular)
lībertīnā (ablative feminine singular)
lībertīnō (ablative neuter singular)
lībertīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lībertīne (masculine singular vocative)
lībertīna (feminine singular vocative)
lībertīnum (neuter singular vocative)
lībertīnī (masculine plural vocative)
lībertīnae (feminine plural vocative)
lībertīna (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: libertine

→ Italian: libertino

→ Old French: libertin

→ Middle French: libertin

French: libertin

→ Portuguese: libertino

→ Sicilian: libbirtinu

→ Spanish: libertino

Of or pertaining to the qualities of a freedman


proconsul

la-noun

prōcōnsul m (genitive prōcōnsulis); third declension

prōcōnsul (canonical masculine)
prōcōnsulis (genitive)
prōcōnsul (nominative singular)
prōcōnsulēs (nominative plural)
prōcōnsulis (genitive singular)
prōcōnsulum (genitive plural)
prōcōnsulī (dative singular)
prōcōnsulibus (dative plural)
prōcōnsulem (accusative singular)
prōcōnsulēs (accusative plural)
prōcōnsule (ablative singular)
prōcōnsulibus (ablative plural)
prōcōnsul (singular vocative)
prōcōnsulēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: procònsol

English: proconsul

French: proconsul

Galician: procónsul

Italian: proconsole

Portuguese: procônsul

Russian: проконсул (prokonsul)

Spanish: procónsul

[proːˈkõːs̠ʊɫ̪]

a governor in one of the provinces of the Roman Senate


praetor

praetor m (genitive praetōris); third declension

praetōris (genitive)
praetor (nominative singular)
praetōrēs (nominative plural)
praetōris (genitive singular)
praetōrum (genitive plural)
praetōrī (dative singular)
praetōribus (dative plural)
praetōrem (accusative singular)
praetōrēs (accusative plural)
praetōre (ablative singular)
praetōribus (ablative plural)
praetor (singular vocative)
praetōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: pretor

Galician: pretor

→ Byzantine Greek: πραίτωρ (praítōr)

→ Old Francoprovençal: pretor

Franco-Provençal: prétor

→ Old French: pretor

French: préteur

Italian: pretore

Portuguese: pretor

Spanish: pretor

For *praeitor, from Proto-Italic *praiitōr. Equal to praeeō + -tor.


fututor

futūtor m (genitive futūtōris, feminine futūtrix); third declension

futūtor (canonical masculine)
futūtōris (genitive)
futūtrix (feminine)
futūtor (nominative singular)
futūtōrēs (nominative plural)
futūtōris (genitive singular)
futūtōrum (genitive plural)
futūtōrī (dative singular)
futūtōribus (dative plural)
futūtōrem (accusative singular)
futūtōrēs (accusative plural)
futūtōre (ablative singular)
futūtōribus (ablative plural)
futūtor (singular vocative)
futūtōrēs (plural vocative)

Sed nunc positis custodibus ingens

86 - 103 C.E. — Martial, Epigrammata 1:73

But now that you have positioned guards,
there is a huge crowd of fuckers: you are an ingenious man.

turba fututorum est: ingeniosus homo es.

(vulgar) male who has sexual intercourse, fucker


proditor

prōditor m (genitive prōditōris); third declension

prōditor (canonical masculine)
prōditōris (genitive)
prōditor (nominative singular)
prōditōrēs (nominative plural)
prōditōris (genitive singular)
prōditōrum (genitive plural)
prōditōrī (dative singular)
prōditōribus (dative plural)
prōditōrem (accusative singular)
prōditōrēs (accusative plural)
prōditōre (ablative singular)
prōditōribus (ablative plural)
prōditor (singular vocative)
prōditōrēs (plural vocative)


designator

dēsignātor m (genitive dēsignātōris); third declension

dēsignātor (canonical masculine)
dēsignātōris (genitive)
dēsignātor (nominative singular)
dēsignātōrēs (nominative plural)
dēsignātōris (genitive singular)
dēsignātōrum (genitive plural)
dēsignātōrī (dative singular)
dēsignātōribus (dative plural)
dēsignātōrem (accusative singular)
dēsignātōrēs (accusative plural)
dēsignātōre (ablative singular)
dēsignātōribus (ablative plural)
dēsignātor (singular vocative)
dēsignātōrēs (plural vocative)

[d̪eːs̠ɪŋˈnäːt̪ɔr]

master of ceremonies
master of ceremonies


pathicus

pathicus m (genitive pathicī); second declension

pathicī (genitive)
pathicus (nominative singular)
pathicī (nominative plural)
pathicī (genitive singular)
pathicōrum (genitive plural)
pathicō (dative singular)
pathicīs (dative plural)
pathicum (accusative singular)
pathicōs (accusative plural)
pathicō (ablative singular)
pathicīs (ablative plural)
pathice (singular vocative)
pathicī (plural vocative)

[ˈpät̪ʰɪkʊs̠]

From the Ancient Greek παθικός (pathikós, “passive”).

bor

Pedicabo ego vos et irrumabo / Aureli pathice et cinaede Furi.

c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 16.1–2

I will sodomize you and facefuck you, / bottom Aurelius and catamite Furius

sodomite, a man who submits to anal sex, a bottom


barbas

la-noun

barbās m (genitive barbānis); third declension

barbās (canonical masculine)
barbānis (genitive)
barbās (nominative singular)
barbānēs (nominative plural)
barbānis (genitive singular)
barbānum (genitive plural)
barbānī (dative singular)
barbānibus (dative plural)
barbānem (accusative singular)
barbānēs (accusative plural)
barbāne (ablative singular)
barbānibus (ablative plural)
barbās (singular vocative)
barbānēs (plural vocative)

Piedmontese: barba

Lombard: barba

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: buarba

desctree

Italian: barba
→ Greek: μπάρμπας (bármpas)
→ Mòcheno: barba

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: barbe

Ladin: bèrba

Romansch: barba

Venetian: barba

→ Cimbrian: barba

Likely from barba (“the beard”). First attested as barba (two occurrences) in 764 CE in a donation in the Codex diplomaticus Langobardiae.

(Medieval Latin) paternal uncle, the brother of one’s father


nuntius

la-noun

nūntius m (genitive nūntiī or nūntī, feminine nūntia); second declension

nūntius (canonical masculine)
nūntiī (genitive)
nūntī (genitive)
nūntia (feminine)
nūntius (nominative singular)
nūntiī (nominative plural)
nūntiī (genitive singular)
nūntī (genitive singular)
nūntiōrum (genitive plural)
nūntiō (dative singular)
nūntiīs (dative plural)
nūntium (accusative singular)
nūntiōs (accusative plural)
nūntiō (ablative singular)
nūntiīs (ablative plural)
nūntie (singular vocative)
nūntiī (plural vocative)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *nuntiolus (diminutive)

Venetian: nonzolo (“sacristan”)

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: nunci

→ English: nuncio

→ Galician: nuncio

→ Italian: nunzio

→ French: nonce

→ Portuguese: núncio

→ Romanian: nunțiu

→ Russian: нунций (nuncij)

→ Serbo-Croatian: nùncīj, ну̀нцӣј

Sicilian: nunziu, Nunziu

→ Spanish: nuncio

Uncertain; competing hypotheses include:
* From Proto-Indo-European *newH- (“to cry”), whence Sanskrit नु (nu, “to sound out, praise”), नवते (navate, “to cry”), Old Irish núall (“a loud noise”), Tocharian B nu- (“to roar”). This is tentatively favored by de Vaan.
* Contracted from noventius, from an obsolete noveō, from novus, though this is rejected by de Vaan due to the hypothetical proto-form *no(wo)wentio- not making sense morphologically.
* From Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to nod”), same source as Latin *nuō, Ancient Greek νεύω (neúō, “to beckon, nod”) and Old Irish noid (“make known”). This derivation may be a relic of an era when laryngeal theory was not as widely accepted and *newH- (“to cry”) was considered the same root as *new- (“to nod”), in which case the *new- derivation should be discarded.
* From Etruscan [script needed] (nunth, “to bring”).

der

(in the plural) news, tidings, information


compater

la-noun

compater m (genitive compatris); third declension

compatris (genitive)
compater (nominative singular)
compatrēs (nominative plural)
compatris (genitive singular)
compatrum (genitive plural)
compatrī (dative singular)
compatribus (dative plural)
compatrem (accusative singular)
compatrēs (accusative plural)
compatre (ablative singular)
compatribus (ablative plural)
compater (singular vocative)
compatrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: compare

→ Old English: cumpæder

Old French: comper, conper

Middle French: comper

→ Middle English: comper

English: compeer

desctree

French: compère
→ Belizean Creole: kompeh
→ English: compere
→ Greek: κομπέρ (kompér)

Italian: compare

Neapolitan: cumpà
→ English: goombah
→ Spanish: cumpa

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: compadre, conpadre

Galician: compadre

Portuguese: compadre

Old Spanish: cuémpadre

Spanish: compadre (see there for further descendants)

Sicilian: cumpari

→ Proto-Slavic: *kъmotrъ

Czech: kmotr

Slovak: kmotor

Lower Sorbian: kmótš

Polish: kmotr

⇒? *kumъ

Macedonian: кум (kum)

Russian: кум (kum)

→ Latvian: kūma, kūmas (“godparent”)

Serbo-Croatian: kȗm / ку̑м

⇒ *kuma f (“godmother”)

Macedonian: кума (kuma)

Polish: kuma

Russian: кума (kuma)

Serbo-Croatian: kuma / кума

Venetian: conpare

→ Greek: κουμπάρος (koumpáros)

(Late Latin) godfather (in relation to godchild or fellow godparent or parent)


paelex

la-noun

paelex f (genitive paelicis); third declension

paelicis (genitive)
paelex (nominative singular)
paelicēs (nominative plural)
paelicis (genitive singular)
paelicum (genitive plural)
paelicī (dative singular)
paelicibus (dative plural)
paelicem (accusative singular)
paelicēs (accusative plural)
paelice (ablative singular)
paelicibus (ablative plural)
paelex (singular vocative)
paelicēs (plural vocative)

[ˈpäe̯ɫ̪ɛks̠]

* Usually compared to Ancient Greek παλλᾰκή (pallakḗ, “concubine”), but phonological and other uncertainties exist.
* The variant pellex shows folk-etymological connection with pelliciō (“I allure”).


abavunculus

la-noun

abavunculus m (genitive abavunculī); second declension

abavunculī (genitive)
abavunculus (nominative singular)
abavunculī (nominative plural)
abavunculī (genitive singular)
abavunculōrum (genitive plural)
abavunculō (dative singular)
abavunculīs (dative plural)
abavunculum (accusative singular)
abavunculōs (accusative plural)
abavunculō (ablative singular)
abavunculīs (ablative plural)
abavuncule (singular vocative)
abavunculī (plural vocative)

[äbäˈu̯ʊŋkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From ab + avunculus (“maternal uncle”); from avus (“grandfather; ancestor”).


centurio

centuriō m (genitive centuriōnis); third declension

centuriō (canonical masculine)
centuriōnis (genitive)
centuriō (nominative singular)
centuriōnēs (nominative plural)
centuriōnis (genitive singular)
centuriōnum (genitive plural)
centuriōnī (dative singular)
centuriōnibus (dative plural)
centuriōnem (accusative singular)
centuriōnēs (accusative plural)
centuriōne (ablative singular)
centuriōnibus (ablative plural)
centuriō (singular vocative)
centuriōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: centurió

→ Czech: centurio

→ English: centurion

→ Finnish: kenturio

→ French: centurion

→ German: Zenturio

desc

ἑκατοντάρχης

→ Ancient Greek: ἑκατοντάρχης (hekatontárkhēs) (calque)

→ Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌸𐍃 (hundafaþs) (calque)

→ Italian: centurione

→ Portuguese: centurião

→ Romanian: centurion

→ Russian: центурио́н (centurión)

→ Serbo-Croatian: centurion

→ Spanish: centurión

From centuria (“division of men”) + -ō (noun-forming suffix).

affix

centurion; commander of a hundred men, captain


filiolus

la-noun

fīliolus m (genitive fīliolī, feminine fīliola); second declension

fīliolus (canonical masculine)
fīliolī (genitive)
fīliola (feminine)
fīliolus (nominative singular)
fīliolī (nominative plural)
fīliolī (genitive singular)
fīliolōrum (genitive plural)
fīliolō (dative singular)
fīliolīs (dative plural)
fīliolum (accusative singular)
fīliolōs (accusative plural)
fīliolō (ablative singular)
fīliolīs (ablative plural)
fīliole (singular vocative)
fīliolī (plural vocative)

Padanian:

Emilian: fiôl

Ligurian: figeu

Lombard: fieul

Old Piedmontese: figlol

Piedmontese: fieul

Romansch: figliol

Venetian: fióło, fiol

Gallo-romance:

French: filleul

Norman: filieu

Occitano-romance:

Catalan: fillol

Italo-romance

Corsican: figliolu

Italian: figliolo

Sicilian: figghiolu

Spanish: hijuelo

Aromanian: hiljor

[fiːˈlʲiɔɫ̪ʊs̠]


atavus

atavus m (genitive atavī); second declension

atavī (genitive)
atavus (nominative singular)
atavī (nominative plural)
atavī (genitive singular)
atavōrum (genitive plural)
atavō (dative singular)
atavīs (dative plural)
atavum (accusative singular)
atavōs (accusative plural)
atavō (ablative singular)
atavīs (ablative plural)
atave (singular vocative)
atavī (plural vocative)

[ˈät̪äu̯ʊs̠]


scaenicus

scaenicus m (genitive scaenicī, feminine scaenica); second declension

scaenicī (genitive)
scaenica (feminine)
scaenicus (nominative singular)
scaenicī (nominative plural)
scaenicī (genitive singular)
scaenicōrum (genitive plural)
scaenicō (dative singular)
scaenicīs (dative plural)
scaenicum (accusative singular)
scaenicōs (accusative plural)
scaenicō (ablative singular)
scaenicīs (ablative plural)
scaenice (singular vocative)
scaenicī (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek σκηνικός (skēnikós, “theatrical”), from σκηνή (skēnḗ, “stage”).


fraternalis

la-adj

frāternālis (neuter frāternāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

frāternālis (canonical)
frāternāle (neuter)
frāternālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
frāternāle (neuter nominative singular)
frāternālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
frāternālia (neuter nominative plural)
frāternālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
frāternālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
frāternālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
frāternālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
frāternālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
frāternāle (accusative neuter singular)
frāternālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
frāternālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
frāternālia (accusative neuter plural)
frāternālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
frāternālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
frāternālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
frāternāle (neuter singular vocative)
frāternālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
frāternālia (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: fraternal

Galician: fraternal

Italian: fraternal

Middle French: fraternel

→ English: fraternal

French: fraternel

Portuguese: fraternal

Spanish: fraternal

[fräːt̪ɛrˈnäːlʲɪs̠]

From frāternus (“of or pertaining to a brother, fraternal”) + -ālis (adjectival suffix), from frāter (“brother”).

af

(Medieval Latin) Of or pertaining to a brother, fraternal.


paternalis

la-adj

paternālis (neuter paternāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

paternālis (canonical)
paternāle (neuter)
paternālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
paternāle (neuter nominative singular)
paternālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
paternālia (neuter nominative plural)
paternālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
paternālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
paternālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
paternālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
paternālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
paternāle (accusative neuter singular)
paternālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
paternālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
paternālia (accusative neuter plural)
paternālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
paternālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
paternālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
paternāle (neuter singular vocative)
paternālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
paternālia (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: paternal

→ French: paternel

[pät̪ɛrˈnäːlʲɪs̠]

From paternus (“of or pertaining to a father, paternal”) + -ālis, from pater (“father”).

suffix

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) Of or pertaining to a father, paternal.


patraster

la-noun

patraster m (genitive patrastrī); second declension

patrastrī (genitive)
patraster (nominative singular)
patrastrī (nominative plural)
patrastrī (genitive singular)
patrastrōrum (genitive plural)
patrastrō (dative singular)
patrastrīs (dative plural)
patrastrum (accusative singular)
patrastrōs (accusative plural)
patrastrō (ablative singular)
patrastrīs (ablative plural)
patraster (singular vocative)
patrastrī (plural vocative)

Asturian: padrastru

Catalan: padrastre

French: parâtre

Galician: padrasto

Portuguese: padrasto

Sicilian: patrastru

Spanish: padrastro


cultor

cultor m (genitive cultōris, feminine cultrīx); third declension

cultōris (genitive)
cultrīx (feminine)
cultor (nominative singular)
cultōrēs (nominative plural)
cultōris (genitive singular)
cultōrum (genitive plural)
cultōrī (dative singular)
cultōribus (dative plural)
cultōrem (accusative singular)
cultōrēs (accusative plural)
cultōre (ablative singular)
cultōribus (ablative plural)
cultor (singular vocative)
cultōrēs (plural vocative)

Italian: cultore

Portuguese: cultor

Spanish: cultor

From colō (“to cultivate; worship, honor”) + -tor.


vitricus

la-noun

vītricus m (genitive vītricī); second declension

vītricus (canonical masculine)
vītricī (genitive)
vītricus (nominative singular)
vītricī (nominative plural)
vītricī (genitive singular)
vītricōrum (genitive plural)
vītricō (dative singular)
vītricīs (dative plural)
vītricum (accusative singular)
vītricōs (accusative plural)
vītricō (ablative singular)
vītricīs (ablative plural)
vītrice (singular vocative)
vītricī (plural vocative)

q

Neapolitan: vìtrico (northern Calabria, southern Basilicata)

Romanian: vitreg

Sardinian: vitricu

→ Albanian: vitërk

→ Polish: witrykus, Wytrykus, Wytrykusz, Wytrykowska, Wytrykowski

→ English: Wytrychowski (Canada, United States)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(d)u̯i-tero- (“second, other”), but the (likely) long /iː/ is problematic.


consocer

la-noun

cōnsocer m (genitive cōnsocerī); second declension

cōnsocer (canonical masculine)
cōnsocerī (genitive)
cōnsocer (nominative singular)
cōnsocerī (nominative plural)
cōnsocerī (genitive singular)
cōnsocerōrum (genitive plural)
cōnsocerō (dative singular)
cōnsocerīs (dative plural)
cōnsocerum (accusative singular)
cōnsocerōs (accusative plural)
cōnsocerō (ablative singular)
cōnsocerīs (ablative plural)
cōnsocer (singular vocative)
cōnsocerī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: cuscru, cusc

Romanian: cuscru

Italian: consuocero

Old Leonese:

Asturian: consuegru

Old Occitan:

Catalan: consogre

Old Galician-Portuguese: consogro

Galician: consogro

Portuguese: consogro

Old Spanish:

Spanish: consuegro

→ Albanian: krushk

[ˈkõːs̠ɔkɛr]

co-father-in-law (one child's father-in-law, one of two joint fathers-in-law)


sobrinus

sobrīnus m (genitive sobrīnī, feminine sobrīna); second declension

sobrīnus (canonical masculine)
sobrīnī (genitive)
sobrīna (feminine)
sobrīnus (nominative singular)
sobrīnī (nominative plural)
sobrīnī (genitive singular)
sobrīnōrum (genitive plural)
sobrīnō (dative singular)
sobrīnīs (dative plural)
sobrīnum (accusative singular)
sobrīnōs (accusative plural)
sobrīnō (ablative singular)
sobrīnīs (ablative plural)
sobrīne (singular vocative)
sobrīnī (plural vocative)

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: sobrín

desctree

Old Leonese: sopbrino
Asturian: sobrín
Extremaduran: sobrinu
Leonese: sobrín
Mirandese: sobrino

Old Galician-Portuguese: sobrinho
Galician: sobriño
Portuguese: sobrinho

Old Spanish: sobrino

Spanish: sobrino (see there for further descendants)

Substantivised form of the Proto-Italic adjective *swezrīnos (“of the sister”), from which *suebrīnus would be expected since swe- > so- occurs only before a non-front vowel in the next syllable. Thus the initial so- must be an analogical renewal from soror.


assentator

la-noun

assentātor m (genitive assentātōris, feminine assentātrīx); third declension

assentātor (canonical masculine)
assentātōris (genitive)
assentātrīx (feminine)
assentātor (nominative singular)
assentātōrēs (nominative plural)
assentātōris (genitive singular)
assentātōrum (genitive plural)
assentātōrī (dative singular)
assentātōribus (dative plural)
assentātōrem (accusative singular)
assentātōrēs (accusative plural)
assentātōre (ablative singular)
assentātōribus (ablative plural)
assentātor (singular vocative)
assentātōrēs (plural vocative)

[äs̠ːɛn̪ˈt̪äːt̪ɔr]


venditor

vēnditor m (genitive vēnditōris); third declension

vēnditor (canonical masculine)
vēnditōris (genitive)
vēnditor (nominative singular)
vēnditōrēs (nominative plural)
vēnditōris (genitive singular)
vēnditōrum (genitive plural)
vēnditōrī (dative singular)
vēnditōribus (dative plural)
vēnditōrem (accusative singular)
vēnditōrēs (accusative plural)
vēnditōre (ablative singular)
vēnditōribus (ablative plural)
vēnditor (singular vocative)
vēnditōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: venedor

Friulian: venditôr

Italian: venditore

Occitan: vendedor

desctree

Old French: vendeor
→ English: vendor
French: vendeur

Portuguese: vendedor

Romanian: vânzător

Sicilian: vindituri

Spanish: vendedor

Venetian: vendidor


privignus

la-noun

prīvignus m (genitive prīvignī); second declension

prīvignus (canonical masculine)
prīvignī (genitive)
prīvignus (nominative singular)
prīvignī (nominative plural)
prīvignī (genitive singular)
prīvignōrum (genitive plural)
prīvignō (dative singular)
prīvignīs (dative plural)
prīvignum (accusative singular)
prīvignōs (accusative plural)
prīvignō (ablative singular)
prīvignīs (ablative plural)
prīvigne (singular vocative)
prīvignī (plural vocative)

By surface analysis, prīvus + -gnus, literally “born separately”. The reflex -ignus instead of the expected *prīvognus is to be explained by analogy of bigno- (“twin”).


tribunus

la-noun

tribūnus m (genitive tribūnī); second declension

tribūnus (canonical masculine)
tribūnī (genitive)
tribūnus (nominative singular)
tribūnī (nominative plural)
tribūnī (genitive singular)
tribūnōrum (genitive plural)
tribūnō (dative singular)
tribūnīs (dative plural)
tribūnum (accusative singular)
tribūnōs (accusative plural)
tribūnō (ablative singular)
tribūnīs (ablative plural)
tribūne (singular vocative)
tribūnī (plural vocative)

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: τριβούνος (triboúnos)

→ Old French: tribun

→ English: tribune

→ Italian: tribuno

→ Portuguese: tribuno

→ Romanian: tribun

→ Sicilian: tribbunu

→ Spanish: tribuno

tribune of the plebs
tribune of the plebs

(historical, politics) tribune, tribune of the plebs

(historical, military) tribune, military tribune


patriarcha

la-noun

patriarcha m (genitive patriarchae); first declension

patriarchae (genitive)
patriarcha (nominative singular)
patriarchae (nominative plural)
patriarchae (genitive singular)
patriarchūm (genitive plural)
patriarchārum (genitive plural)
patriarchae (dative singular)
patriarchīs (dative plural)
patriarcham (accusative singular)
patriarchās (accusative plural)
patriarchā (ablative singular)
patriarchīs (ablative plural)
patriarcha (singular vocative)
patriarchae (plural vocative)

French: patriarche

Italian: patriarca

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: patriarcha

Galician: patriarca

Portuguese: patriarca

→ Dutch: patriarch

→ Middle English: patriark, patriarche

English: patriarch

→ German: Patriarch

→ Polish: patriarcha

→ Spanish: Patriarca

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πατριάρχης (patriárkhēs).


exercitor

exercitor m (genitive exercitōris); third declension

exercitōris (genitive)
exercitor (nominative singular)
exercitōrēs (nominative plural)
exercitōris (genitive singular)
exercitōrum (genitive plural)
exercitōrī (dative singular)
exercitōribus (dative plural)
exercitōrem (accusative singular)
exercitōrēs (accusative plural)
exercitōre (ablative singular)
exercitōribus (ablative plural)
exercitor (singular vocative)
exercitōrēs (plural vocative)

From exercitus (“exercised, disciplined”) + -tor, from exerceō (“to exercise, train, drill, practice”).


fraudator

la-noun

fraudātor m (genitive fraudātōris, feminine fraudātrīx); third declension

fraudātor (canonical masculine)
fraudātōris (genitive)
fraudātrīx (feminine)
fraudātor (nominative singular)
fraudātōrēs (nominative plural)
fraudātōris (genitive singular)
fraudātōrum (genitive plural)
fraudātōrī (dative singular)
fraudātōribus (dative plural)
fraudātōrem (accusative singular)
fraudātōrēs (accusative plural)
fraudātōre (ablative singular)
fraudātōribus (ablative plural)
fraudātor (singular vocative)
fraudātōrēs (plural vocative)

fraudster, swindler, cheat, con man, con artist


puerulus

puerulus m (genitive puerulī); second declension

puerulī (genitive)
puerulus (nominative singular)
puerulī (nominative plural)
puerulī (genitive singular)
puerulōrum (genitive plural)
puerulō (dative singular)
puerulīs (dative plural)
puerulum (accusative singular)
puerulōs (accusative plural)
puerulō (ablative singular)
puerulīs (ablative plural)
puerule (singular vocative)
puerulī (plural vocative)

[puˈɛrʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From puer (“boy, child”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix).


collactaneus

la-noun

collactāneus m (genitive collactāneī); second declension

collactāneus (canonical masculine)
collactāneī (genitive)
collactāneus (nominative singular)
collactāneī (nominative plural)
collactāneī (genitive singular)
collactāneōrum (genitive plural)
collactāneō (dative singular)
collactāneīs (dative plural)
collactāneum (accusative singular)
collactāneōs (accusative plural)
collactāneō (ablative singular)
collactāneīs (ablative plural)
collactānee (singular vocative)
collactāneī (plural vocative)

[kɔlːʲäkˈt̪äːneʊs̠]

Coordinate term: (female) collactānea


cinaedus

cinaedus m (genitive cinaedī); second declension

cinaedī (genitive)
cinaedus (nominative singular)
cinaedī (nominative plural)
cinaedī (genitive singular)
cinaedōrum (genitive plural)
cinaedō (dative singular)
cinaedīs (dative plural)
cinaedum (accusative singular)
cinaedōs (accusative plural)
cinaedō (ablative singular)
cinaedīs (ablative plural)
cinaede (singular vocative)
cinaedī (plural vocative)

Italian: cinedo

[kɪˈnäe̯d̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek κίναιδος (kínaidos, “catamite”), originally referring to a non-Roman dancer whose performance featured movements of the buttocks. The word's ultimate origin may be from a language of Asia Minor.


veneficus

la-noun

venēficus m (genitive venēficī); second declension

venēficus (canonical masculine)
venēficī (genitive)
venēficus (nominative singular)
venēficī (nominative plural)
venēficī (genitive singular)
venēficōrum (genitive plural)
venēficō (dative singular)
venēficīs (dative plural)
venēficum (accusative singular)
venēficōs (accusative plural)
venēficō (ablative singular)
venēficīs (ablative plural)
venēfice (singular vocative)
venēficī (plural vocative)

Derived from venē(num) (“poison”; “potion”) + -ficus (suffix denoting making).


sororius

la-noun

sorōrius m (genitive sorōriī or sorōrī); second declension

sorōrius (canonical masculine)
sorōriī (genitive)
sorōrī (genitive)
sorōrius (nominative singular)
sorōriī (nominative plural)
sorōriī (genitive singular)
sorōrī (genitive singular)
sorōriōrum (genitive plural)
sorōriō (dative singular)
sorōriīs (dative plural)
sorōrium (accusative singular)
sorōriōs (accusative plural)
sorōriō (ablative singular)
sorōriīs (ablative plural)
sorōrie (singular vocative)
sorōriī (plural vocative)

From soror (“sister”) + -ius (“-ly: forming adjectives of belonging”). Cf. uxorius (“wifely”).


mulierarius

la-adj

mulierārius (feminine mulierāria, neuter mulierārium); first/second-declension adjective

mulierārius (canonical)
mulierāria (feminine)
mulierārium (neuter)
mulierārius (masculine nominative singular)
mulierāria (feminine nominative singular)
mulierārium (neuter nominative singular)
mulierāriī (masculine nominative plural)
mulierāriae (feminine nominative plural)
mulierāria (neuter nominative plural)
mulierāriī (genitive masculine singular)
mulierāriae (feminine genitive singular)
mulierāriī (genitive neuter singular)
mulierāriōrum (genitive masculine plural)
mulierāriārum (feminine genitive plural)
mulierāriōrum (genitive neuter plural)
mulierāriō (dative masculine singular)
mulierāriae (dative feminine singular)
mulierāriō (dative neuter singular)
mulierāriīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mulierārium (accusative masculine singular)
mulierāriam (accusative feminine singular)
mulierārium (accusative neuter singular)
mulierāriōs (accusative masculine plural)
mulierāriās (accusative feminine plural)
mulierāria (accusative neuter plural)
mulierāriō (ablative masculine singular)
mulierāriā (ablative feminine singular)
mulierāriō (ablative neuter singular)
mulierāriīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mulierārie (masculine singular vocative)
mulierāria (feminine singular vocative)
mulierārium (neuter singular vocative)
mulierāriī (masculine plural vocative)
mulierāriae (feminine plural vocative)
mulierāria (neuter plural vocative)

From mulier (“woman”) + -ārius (adjective-forming derivational suffix).


thius

la-noun

thīus m (genitive thīī); second declension

thīus (canonical masculine)
thīī (genitive)
thīus (nominative singular)
thīī (nominative plural)
thīī (genitive singular)
thīōrum (genitive plural)
thīō (dative singular)
thīīs (dative plural)
thīum (accusative singular)
thīōs (accusative plural)
thīō (ablative singular)
thīīs (ablative plural)
thī (singular vocative)
thīī (plural vocative)

Asturian: tíu

Corsican: ziu

Italian: zio

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: tio
Galician: tío
Portuguese: tio

Old Spanish: tio
Spanish: tío
→ Catalan: tio
Ladino: tio

Sardinian: tziu

Sicilian: ziu

Venetian: sio

Tius Graecum est. Patruus frater patris est, quasi pater alius.

556-636 CE, Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae, page VIII:

"[My paternal] uncle is Greek. [My] uncle is [my] father's brother, [he is] like [my] other father".


filiaster

la-noun

fīliaster m (genitive fīliastrī, feminine fīliastra); second declension

fīliaster (canonical masculine)
fīliastrī (genitive)
fīliastra (feminine)
fīliaster (nominative singular)
fīliastrī (nominative plural)
fīliastrī (genitive singular)
fīliastrōrum (genitive plural)
fīliastrō (dative singular)
fīliastrīs (dative plural)
fīliastrum (accusative singular)
fīliastrōs (accusative plural)
fīliastrō (ablative singular)
fīliastrīs (ablative plural)
fīliaster (singular vocative)
fīliastrī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: hiljastru, hiljeastru

Romanian: fiastru

→ Albanian: thjeshtër

Dalmatian:

fejustro

Italo-Romance:

Italian: figliastro

Sicilian: figghiastru

Padanian:

Friulian: fiastri

Venetian: fiastro, fiolastro

Northern Gallo-Romance:

French: fillâtre

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: fillastro

Catalan: fillastre

Occitan: filhastre

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: fiastru

Galician: fillastro

Portuguese: filhastro

Spanish: hijastro

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: fizastru, fillastu

From fīli(us) (“son”) + -aster. Found in Late Latin.


procus

procus m (genitive procī); second declension

procī (genitive)
procus (nominative singular)
procī (nominative plural)
procī (genitive singular)
procōrum (genitive plural)
procō (dative singular)
procīs (dative plural)
procum (accusative singular)
procōs (accusative plural)
procō (ablative singular)
procīs (ablative plural)
proce (singular vocative)
procī (plural vocative)

Portuguese: proco

From Proto-Italic *prokos, from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask, woo”).


absocer

la-noun

absocer m (genitive absocerī); second declension

absocerī (genitive)
absocer (nominative singular)
absocerī (nominative plural)
absocerī (genitive singular)
absocerōrum (genitive plural)
absocerō (dative singular)
absocerīs (dative plural)
absocerum (accusative singular)
absocerōs (accusative plural)
absocerō (ablative singular)
absocerīs (ablative plural)
absocer (singular vocative)
absocerī (plural vocative)


abnepos

abnepōs m (genitive abnepōtis); third declension

abnepōs (canonical masculine)
abnepōtis (genitive)
abnepōs (nominative singular)
abnepōtēs (nominative plural)
abnepōtis (genitive singular)
abnepōtum (genitive plural)
abnepōtī (dative singular)
abnepōtibus (dative plural)
abnepōtem (accusative singular)
abnepōtēs (accusative plural)
abnepōte (ablative singular)
abnepōtibus (ablative plural)
abnepōs (singular vocative)
abnepōtēs (plural vocative)


erus

erus m (genitive erī); second declension

erī (genitive)
erus (nominative singular)
erī (nominative plural)
erī (genitive singular)
erōrum (genitive plural)
erō (dative singular)
erīs (dative plural)
erum (accusative singular)
erōs (accusative plural)
erō (ablative singular)
erīs (ablative plural)
ere (singular vocative)
erī (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *ezos (“master”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁esh₂ós (“master”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅖𒄩𒀀𒀸 (“išhāš "master"”).
A connection with heres (“heir”) and hirudo (“leech”) has also been proposed by Charlton Lewis and Charles Short, making its stem instead from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁ro- (“derelict”). Cognates would include Ancient Greek χήρα (khḗra, “widow”), Sanskrit हरति (harati, “to seize”) and हरण (haraṇa, “abduction”).


profilius

prōfīlius m (genitive prōfīliī or prōfīlī); second declension

prōfīlius (canonical masculine)
prōfīliī (genitive)
prōfīlī (genitive)
prōfīlius (nominative singular)
prōfīliī (nominative plural)
prōfīliī (genitive singular)
prōfīlī (genitive singular)
prōfīliōrum (genitive plural)
prōfīliō (dative singular)
prōfīliīs (dative plural)
prōfīlium (accusative singular)
prōfīliōs (accusative plural)
prōfīliō (ablative singular)
prōfīliīs (ablative plural)
prōfīlie (singular vocative)
prōfīliī (plural vocative)


fidicen

fidicen m (genitive fidicinis, feminine fidicina); third declension

fidicinis (genitive)
fidicina (feminine)
fidicen (nominative singular)
fidicinēs (nominative plural)
fidicinis (genitive singular)
fidicinum (genitive plural)
fidicinī (dative singular)
fidicinibus (dative plural)
fidicinem (accusative singular)
fidicinēs (accusative plural)
fidicine (ablative singular)
fidicinibus (ablative plural)
fidicen (singular vocative)
fidicinēs (plural vocative)

fidēs (“lyre”) + -cen (“player [of a musical instrument]”)


fratellus

la-noun

frātellus m (genitive frātellī); second declension

frātellus (canonical masculine)
frātellī (genitive)
frātellus (nominative singular)
frātellī (nominative plural)
frātellī (genitive singular)
frātellōrum (genitive plural)
frātellō (dative singular)
frātellīs (dative plural)
frātellum (accusative singular)
frātellōs (accusative plural)
frātellō (ablative singular)
frātellīs (ablative plural)
frātelle (singular vocative)
frātellī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: fratellu, frateddu

Italian: fratello

→ Piedmontese: fratèl

→? Sicilian: frateddu

Padanian:

Emilian: fradèl, fradäl

Lombard: fradèl, fradél

→ Piedmontese: fradèl

→ Franco-Provençal: fradèl (Valdôtain)

Piedmontese: frèl

Romagnol: fradèl, fradäl

Venetian: fradelo, fradel

[fräːˈt̪ɛlːʲʊs̠]

Scaurus de orthographia
nec minus quod capra per diminutionem capella dicitur, et frater fratellus


altor

altor m (genitive altōris, feminine altrīx); third declension

altōris (genitive)
altrīx (feminine)
altor (nominative singular)
altōrēs (nominative plural)
altōris (genitive singular)
altōrum (genitive plural)
altōrī (dative singular)
altōribus (dative plural)
altōrem (accusative singular)
altōrēs (accusative plural)
altōre (ablative singular)
altōribus (ablative plural)
altor (singular vocative)
altōrēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow; nourish”).


puellus

la-noun

puellus m (genitive puellī, feminine puella); second declension

puellī (genitive)
puella (feminine)
puellus (nominative singular)
puellī (nominative plural)
puellī (genitive singular)
puellōrum (genitive plural)
puellō (dative singular)
puellīs (dative plural)
puellum (accusative singular)
puellōs (accusative plural)
puellō (ablative singular)
puellīs (ablative plural)
puelle (singular vocative)
puellī (plural vocative)

[puˈɛlːʲʊs̠]

Contracted from puerulus (“a little boy, a little slave”), the diminutive of puer (“boy”).


femellarius

fēmellārius m (genitive fēmellāriī or fēmellārī); second declension

fēmellārius (canonical masculine)
fēmellāriī (genitive)
fēmellārī (genitive)
fēmellārius (nominative singular)
fēmellāriī (nominative plural)
fēmellāriī (genitive singular)
fēmellārī (genitive singular)
fēmellāriōrum (genitive plural)
fēmellāriō (dative singular)
fēmellāriīs (dative plural)
fēmellārium (accusative singular)
fēmellāriōs (accusative plural)
fēmellāriō (ablative singular)
fēmellāriīs (ablative plural)
fēmellārie (singular vocative)
fēmellāriī (plural vocative)

From fēmella (“girl, young woman”) + -ārius (adjective-forming derivational suffix).

suffix

a woman-hunter, a follower of girls, womanizer, skirt chaser, Lothario


muliercularius

la-noun

mulierculārius m (genitive mulierculāriī or mulierculārī); second declension

mulierculārius (canonical masculine)
mulierculāriī (genitive)
mulierculārī (genitive)
mulierculārius (nominative singular)
mulierculāriī (nominative plural)
mulierculāriī (genitive singular)
mulierculārī (genitive singular)
mulierculāriōrum (genitive plural)
mulierculāriō (dative singular)
mulierculāriīs (dative plural)
mulierculārium (accusative singular)
mulierculāriōs (accusative plural)
mulierculāriō (ablative singular)
mulierculāriīs (ablative plural)
mulierculārie (singular vocative)
mulierculāriī (plural vocative)

[mʊlʲiɛrkʊˈɫ̪äːriʊs̠]

From muliercula (“woman”, diminutive) + -ārius (“-er”).


prosocer

la-noun

prōsocer m (genitive prōsocerī); second declension

prōsocer (canonical masculine)
prōsocerī (genitive)
prōsocer (nominative singular)
prōsocerī (nominative plural)
prōsocerī (genitive singular)
prōsocerōrum (genitive plural)
prōsocerō (dative singular)
prōsocerīs (dative plural)
prōsocerum (accusative singular)
prōsocerōs (accusative plural)
prōsocerō (ablative singular)
prōsocerīs (ablative plural)
prōsocer (singular vocative)
prōsocerī (plural vocative)


tribunus plebis

tribūnus plēbis m (genitive tribūnī plēbis); second declension

tribūnus plēbis (canonical masculine)
tribūnī plēbis (genitive)
tribūnus plēbis (nominative singular)
tribūnī plēbis (nominative plural)
tribūnī plēbis (genitive singular)
tribūnōrum plēbis (genitive plural)
tribūnō plēbis (dative singular)
tribūnīs plēbis (dative plural)
tribūnum plēbis (accusative singular)
tribūnōs plēbis (accusative plural)
tribūnō plēbis (ablative singular)
tribūnīs plēbis (ablative plural)
tribūne plēbis (singular vocative)
tribūnī plēbis (plural vocative)

[t̪rɪˈbuːnʊs̠ ˈpɫ̪eːbɪs̠]

tribune of the plebs, plebeian tribune, tribune of the peoples


patrinus

patrinus m (genitive patrinī); second declension

Italo-Romance:

Italian: padrino

Sicilian: parrinu

→ Maltese: parrinu

North Italian:

Emilian: padren

Ligurian: poin, poen

Romansch: padrin, padrign

Gallo-Romance:

French: parrain, parrein, parrin

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: padrí

Occitan: pairin

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: padrín

Old Galician-Portuguese: padrỹo

Galician: padriño

Portuguese: padrinho

Spanish: padrino

From patr- (“father”) + -īnus. First attested in the eighth century CE.

⟦№⟧ 125 ⟦Infans⟧ Maria Barbara ⟦Parentes⟧ Jacob Borer et Anna Maria Krumackheri ⟦Patrini⟧ Jacob Baschung et Barbara Borere. ⟦Annus et dies⟧ 13. 8b[ris] 1733. ⟦Locus⟧ Parentes ex Castel patrinus ex Melti[n]g[en] Mühle matrina ex Breitenbach


collacteus

collacteus m (genitive collacteī); second declension

collacteī (genitive)
collacteus (nominative singular)
collacteī (nominative plural)
collacteī (genitive singular)
collacteōrum (genitive plural)
collacteō (dative singular)
collacteīs (dative plural)
collacteum (accusative singular)
collacteōs (accusative plural)
collacteō (ablative singular)
collacteīs (ablative plural)
collactee (singular vocative)
collacteī (plural vocative)

Portuguese: colaço

Spanish: collazo

Coordinate term: (female) collactea


Cingetorix

la-proper noun

Cingetorīx m sg (genitive Cingetorīgis); third declension

Cingetorīx (canonical masculine singular)
Cingetorīgis (genitive)
Cingetorīx (nominative singular)
Cingetorīgis (genitive singular)
Cingetorīgī (dative singular)
Cingetorīgem (accusative singular)
Cingetorīge (ablative singular)
Cingetorīx (singular vocative)

[kɪŋˈɡɛt̪ɔriːks̠]

From Gaulish *kingetorīx (literally “warrior-king, king of warriors”), from *kingess (“warrior”) + *rīx (“king”), from *kengets (“warrior”) + *rīxs (“king”), from *(s)keng- (“to limp, walk lamely”) + *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler”).

der

a Latin proper name borrowed from Celtic/Gaulish male name

one of the leading chiefs of the Celtic tribe "Treviri"

one of the leading chiefs of the Celtic tribe "Britons"