eques

la-noun

eques m (genitive equitis); third declension

equitis (genitive)
eques (nominative singular)
equitēs (nominative plural)
equitis (genitive singular)
equitum (genitive plural)
equitī (dative singular)
equitibus (dative plural)
equitem (accusative singular)
equitēs (accusative plural)
equite (ablative singular)
equitibus (ablative plural)
eques (singular vocative)
equitēs (plural vocative)

From equus (“horse”) + -es (“-faring”). Compare pedes, mīles for similar formations.


fidelitas

fidēlitās f (genitive fidēlitātis); third declension

fidēlitās (canonical feminine)
fidēlitātis (genitive)
fidēlitās (nominative singular)
fidēlitātēs (nominative plural)
fidēlitātis (genitive singular)
fidēlitātum (genitive plural)
fidēlitātī (dative singular)
fidēlitātibus (dative plural)
fidēlitātem (accusative singular)
fidēlitātēs (accusative plural)
fidēlitāte (ablative singular)
fidēlitātibus (ablative plural)
fidēlitās (singular vocative)
fidēlitātēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance;

Italian: fedeltà

Gallo-Romance:

desc

early <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">fedieltad</i>

Old French: fealté, feelté (early fedieltad)

Middle French: féauté

French: féauté (archaic)

Old Lorrain: fauteit

Norman: fiauté

desctree

→ Middle English: feaute, fealtye, feawte, feute, feutee, fewte, fewtee, fewtee, ffeute, foialte
English: fealty (/l/ restored due to learned influence)
Middle Scots: fewte
⇒ Scots: feauto

→ Middle Dutch: fealteit

→ Old Spanish: fealdad

Spanish: fealdad

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: feheltat

Old Occitan: fedaltat, fezeltat

Occitan: feséltat

Provençal: feséutat

West Iberian:

desc

Old Spanish: fieldad (either semi-learned or dialectal)

Spanish: fieldad

Old Galician-Portuguese: fialdade, fieldade

Galician: fieldade

Portuguese: fieldade

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: fidelitat

desctree

→ Middle English: fidelite
English: fidelity

→ Middle French: fidélité

French: fidélité

→ Romanian: fidelitate

→ Portuguese: fidelidade

→ Spanish: fidelidad

[fɪˈd̪eːlʲɪt̪äːs̠]

From fidēlis (“faithful”) + -tās, from fidēs (“faith”).

(Medieval Latin) homage, fealty (as distinct from fidēs, religious faith)


feudo

la-verb

feudō (present infinitive feudāre, perfect active feudāvī, supine feudātum); first conjugation

feudō (canonical)
feudāre (infinitive present)
feudāvī (active perfect)
feudātum (supine)
feudō (active first-person indicative present singular)
feudās (active indicative present second-person singular)
feudat (active indicative present singular third-person)
feudāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
feudātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
feudant (active indicative plural present third-person)
feudābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
feudābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
feudābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
feudābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
feudābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
feudābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
feudābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
feudābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
feudābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
feudābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
feudābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
feudābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
feudāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
feudāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
feudāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
feudāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
feudāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
feudāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
feudāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
feudāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
feudāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
feudāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
feudāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
feudāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
feudāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
feudāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
feudāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
feudāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
feudāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
feudāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
feudāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
feudor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
feudāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
feudāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
feudātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
feudāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
feudāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
feudantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
feudābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
feudābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
feudābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
feudābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
feudābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
feudābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
feudābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
feudābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
feudāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
feudābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
feudābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
feudābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
feudābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
feudābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
feudem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
feudēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
feudet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
feudēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
feudētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
feudent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
feudārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
feudārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
feudāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
feudārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
feudārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
feudārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
feudāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
feudāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
feudāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
feudāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
feudāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
feudāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
feudāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
feudāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
feudāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
feudāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
feudāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
feudāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
feuder (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
feudēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
feudēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
feudētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
feudēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
feudēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
feudentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
feudārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
feudārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
feudārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
feudārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
feudārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
feudārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
feudārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
feudā (active imperative present second-person singular)
feudāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
feudātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
feudātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
feudātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
feudantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
feudāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
feudāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
feudātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
feudātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
feudantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
feudāre (active infinitive present)
feudāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
feudātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
feudārī (infinitive passive present)
feudātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
feudātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
feudāns (active participle present)
feudātūrus (active future participle)
feudātus (participle passive perfect)
feudandus (future participle passive)
feudandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
feudandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
feudandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
feudandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
feudātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
feudātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

ipſi Principi Burgundiæ ducatum feudavit Gelriæ

1726, Johann Pistorius, Rerum Germanicarum veteres jam primum publicati scriptores aliquot insignes medii ævi ad Carolum V, volumes 3, 445:


clientela

la-noun

clientēla f (genitive clientēlae); first declension

clientēla (canonical feminine)
clientēlae (genitive)
clientēla (nominative singular)
clientēlae (nominative plural)
clientēlae (genitive singular)
clientēlārum (genitive plural)
clientēlae (dative singular)
clientēlīs (dative plural)
clientēlam (accusative singular)
clientēlās (accusative plural)
clientēlā (ablative singular)
clientēlīs (ablative plural)
clientēla (singular vocative)
clientēlae (plural vocative)

French: clientèle

→ English: clientele

Galician: clientela

Italian: clientela

Portuguese: clientela

Romanian: clientelă

Spanish: clientela

→ German: Klientel

→ Russian: клиентела (klijentela)

[klʲiɛn̪ˈt̪eːɫ̪ä]


equester

equester m (genitive equestris); third declension

equestris (genitive)
equester (nominative singular)
equestrēs (nominative plural)
equestris (genitive singular)
equestrum (genitive plural)
equestrī (dative singular)
equestribus (dative plural)
equestrem (accusative singular)
equestrēs (accusative plural)
equestre (ablative singular)
equestribus (ablative plural)
equester (singular vocative)
equestrēs (plural vocative)

[ɛˈkʷɛs̠t̪ɛr]

From eques ("horseman, rider" stem-form equit-) + -ter, alternative form of -tris.


feudum

la-noun

feudum n (genitive feudī); second declension

feudī (genitive)
feudum (nominative singular)
feuda (nominative plural)
feudī (genitive singular)
feudōrum (genitive plural)
feudō (dative singular)
feudīs (dative plural)
feudum (accusative singular)
feuda (accusative plural)
feudō (ablative singular)
feudīs (ablative plural)
feudum (singular vocative)
feuda (plural vocative)

Asturian: feudu

desctree

Italian: feudo
→ Greek: φέουδον (féoudon) (Katharevousa)
Greek: φέουδο (féoudo) (Modern)
→ Romanian: feudă

Old French: feud

Spanish: feudo

Portuguese: feudo

→ Middle English: feud

English: feud

Borrowed from Old French or Old Occitan feu/fieu, which was borrowed from Frankish *fehu (“livestock, cattle”), which stems from Proto-Germanic *fehu.
The -d- in feudum, feodum was inserted under influence of Latin allodium, also of Frankish origin. Or possibly the term is borrowed from Frankish *fehu-ôd.
Latin feudum is cognate to Catalan feu, which too is borrowed from Frankish *fehu. It is also a doublet of pecu, which is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *péḱu, the same source as of Germanic *fehu.

ea conventio a feudo degenerat cujus eſt Natura ut incerta ſint ſervitia

1792, Sir Martin Wright, Introduction to the law of tenures, section 21:


cliens

la-noun

cliēns m or f (genitive clientis); third declension

cliēns (canonical feminine masculine)
clientis (genitive)
cliēns (nominative singular)
clientēs (nominative plural)
clientis (genitive singular)
clientium (genitive plural)
clientī (dative singular)
clientibus (dative plural)
clientem (accusative singular)
clientīs (accusative plural)
clientēs (accusative plural)
cliente (ablative singular)
clientibus (ablative plural)
cliēns (singular vocative)
clientēs (plural vocative)

French: client, cliente

Catalan: client

Galician: cliente

Italian: cliente

Portuguese: cliente

Romanian: client

Spanish: cliente

→ English: client

→ German: Klient

→ Russian: клие́нт (klijént)

Possibly an alteration of cluēns, present active participle of clueō (“I am called, named, esteemed”), or more likely from clīnō (“to lean”). Ultimately from the root *ḱel- (“to incline”).


vassallus

vassallus m (genitive vassallī); second declension

vassallī (genitive)
vassallus (nominative singular)
vassallī (nominative plural)
vassallī (genitive singular)
vassallōrum (genitive plural)
vassallō (dative singular)
vassallīs (dative plural)
vassallum (accusative singular)
vassallōs (accusative plural)
vassallō (ablative singular)
vassallīs (ablative plural)
vassalle (singular vocative)
vassallī (plural vocative)

Old French: vassal

Middle French: vassal

French: vassal

→ Czech: vazal

→ Danish: vasal

→ Polish: wasal

→ Russian: васса́л (vassál); вассальный (vassalʹnyj)

→ Armenian: վասալ (vasal)

→ Serbo-Croatian: vàzāl

Norman: vassa

desc

→ Middle Dutch: vassael, vasael, vasal, vasseel

Dutch: vazal

→ Middle English: vassal

Middle English: vassal, vasal

→ Middle High German: vassal

German: Vasall

Galician: vasalo

Italian: vassallo

Old Occitan:

Old Catalan: vassall, uassal, uassall, vasal

Catalan: vassall

Occitan: vassal

Portuguese: vassalo

Romanian: vasal

Old Spanish: vasallo, uasallo, uassallo, uasiello, vassallo

Spanish: vasallo

→ Finnish: vasalli, vasallius; vasallimaa; vasallivaltio

→ Hungarian: vazallus

→ Irish: vasáilleach

Extended form of vassus, from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *uɸostos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas). The form vassus is first attested in the Salic Law of the 6th century, meaning “servant, serf”; “feudal vassal” is attested by the 9th century.


vavassor

la-noun

vavassor m (genitive vavassōris); third declension

vavassōris (genitive)
vavassor (nominative singular)
vavassōrēs (nominative plural)
vavassōris (genitive singular)
vavassōrum (genitive plural)
vavassōrī (dative singular)
vavassōribus (dative plural)
vavassōrem (accusative singular)
vavassōrēs (accusative plural)
vavassōre (ablative singular)
vavassōribus (ablative plural)
vavassor (singular vocative)
vavassōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Italian: valvassore

desc

→ Old Occitan: vavassor, valvassor, vasvassor

Occitan: vavassor (Mistralian spelling: vavassour)

pedia

Varvassor on the Catalan Wikipedia.Wikipedia ᶜᵃ

Catalan: varvassor

→ Old French: vavasour

French: vavasseur

→ English: vavasour

Perhaps from vassus vassōrum (“vassal of vassals”).