auctor

la-noun

auctor m or f (genitive auctōris, feminine auctor or auctrīx); third declension

auctōris (genitive)
auctor (feminine)
auctrīx (feminine)
auctor (nominative singular)
auctōrēs (nominative plural)
auctōris (genitive singular)
auctōrum (genitive plural)
auctōrī (dative singular)
auctōribus (dative plural)
auctōrem (accusative singular)
auctōrēs (accusative plural)
auctōre (ablative singular)
auctōribus (ablative plural)
auctor (singular vocative)
auctōrēs (plural vocative)

→ German: Auctor, Autor, Author (see there for further descendants)

→ English: lamed auctoris

→ Irish: ughdar, údar

→ Italian: autore

→ Albanian: autore

→ Norman: auteu

desctree

Old French: autor, auctor, auctour, auctur, autour, autur
Middle French: autheur, aucteur, auctour, auteur, autteur
French: auteur (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: auctour, auctor, autor, autour, author, auther
English: author
Scots: author

Old Galician-Portuguese: autor, auctor
Galician: autor
Portuguese: autor

→ Romanian: autor

→ Spanish: autor

→ Welsh: awdur

From Proto-Italic *auktōr, cognate to Umbrian 𐌖𐌇𐌕𐌖𐌓 (uhtur). Equivalent to augeō (“to increase, nourish”) + -tor.

author

considered to be incorrect, but do at least occur in older New Latin

(also Medieval Latin) one who gives increase (hence: an originator, causer, doer, founder)


actio

la-noun

āctiō f (genitive āctiōnis); third declension

āctiō (canonical feminine)
āctiōnis (genitive)
āctiō (nominative singular)
āctiōnēs (nominative plural)
āctiōnis (genitive singular)
āctiōnum (genitive plural)
āctiōnī (dative singular)
āctiōnibus (dative plural)
āctiōnem (accusative singular)
āctiōnēs (accusative plural)
āctiōne (ablative singular)
āctiōnibus (ablative plural)
āctiō (singular vocative)
āctiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: aición, aciu

→ Belarusian: а́кцыя (ákcyja)

→ Catalan: acció

→ Corsican: azzione, azzioni

→ Czech: akce

→ Dutch: actie

→ German: Aktie

→ Danish: aktie

→ Malay: aksi

Friulian: azion

→ Galician: acción

→ Georgian: აქცია (akcia)

→ German: Aktion

→ Italian: azione

Ladin: azion

→ Ladino: aksión

→ Occitan: accion

→ Old French: action

desctree

→ Middle English: accion, accioun, accyon, accyoune, acsyon, action, actioun
English: action
→ Arabic: أَكْشِن (ʔakšin)
→ Bulgarian: екшън (ekšǎn)
→ German: Action
→ Irish: aicsean
→ Hebrew: אקשן (akshn)
→ Japanese: アクション (akushon)
→ Korean: 액션 (aeksyeon)
→ Russian: экшн (ekšn)
Scots: action

French: action

→ Romanian: acțiune

Piedmontese: assion

→ Polish: akcja, akcyja (Middle Polish), akcya (pre-reform orthography (1816)) (learned)
→ Kashubian: akcjô

→ Portuguese: ação

→ Russian: а́кция (ákcija)

→ Serbo-Croatian: а̀кција, àkcija

Sicilian: azziuni, azzioni

→ Maltese: azzjoni

→ Spanish: acción

→ Ukrainian: а́кція (ákcija)

From āctum + -tiō, using the supine of agō (“do, make”).

(drama) the action, plot, series of events


speculator

la-noun

speculātor m (genitive speculātōris, feminine speculātrīx); third declension

speculātor (canonical masculine)
speculātōris (genitive)
speculātrīx (feminine)
speculātor (nominative singular)
speculātōrēs (nominative plural)
speculātōris (genitive singular)
speculātōrum (genitive plural)
speculātōrī (dative singular)
speculātōribus (dative plural)
speculātōrem (accusative singular)
speculātōrēs (accusative plural)
speculātōre (ablative singular)
speculātōribus (ablative plural)
speculātor (singular vocative)
speculātōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: especulador

→ English: speculator

→ French: spéculateur

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: σπεκουλάτωρ (spekoulátōr)

→ Aramaic::

Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: אספקלטור (/*ʾespuqlāṭōr/)

Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܐܣܦܩܘܠܛܘܪ (/*ʾespuqlāṭōr/)

Classical Syriac: ܐܷܣܦܽܘܩܠܴܛܪܐ (ʾespuqlāṭrā)

אִסְפַּקְלָטוֺרָא

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִסְפַּקְלָטוֺרָא (ʾispaqlāṭōrā)

→ Gothic: 𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌿𐍂 (spaikulatur)

→ Italian: speculatore

→ Portuguese: especulador

→ Romanian: speculator

→ Spanish: especulador

[s̠pɛkʊˈɫ̪äːt̪ɔr]

From speculor (“to watch, to observe”) + -tor (“-er: forming agent nouns”), from specula (“watchtower”), from speciō (“to watch, to observe”). Doublet of spectator.

suffix

a particular scout of the Imperial legion’s commander or of a province’s governor also competent to carry out executions


televisio

la-noun

tēlevīsiō f (genitive tēlevīsiōnis); third declension

tēlevīsiō (canonical feminine)
tēlevīsiōnis (genitive)
tēlevīsiō (nominative singular)
tēlevīsiōnēs (nominative plural)
tēlevīsiōnis (genitive singular)
tēlevīsiōnum (genitive plural)
tēlevīsiōnī (dative singular)
tēlevīsiōnibus (dative plural)
tēlevīsiōnem (accusative singular)
tēlevīsiōnēs (accusative plural)
tēlevīsiōne (ablative singular)
tēlevīsiōnibus (ablative plural)
tēlevīsiō (singular vocative)
tēlevīsiōnēs (plural vocative)

(Contemporary Latin) television (medium)

1957, Pope Pius XII, Miranda Prorsus https://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/la/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_08091957_miranda-prorsus.pdf, Vatican (Litterae Encyclicae)

Many have a television, since its shows provide to the eyes, with ordinary cinematographic art, the very action and activity of life.

Televisioni plura sunt; cum cinematographica arte communia, quandoquidem eius spectationes ipsam vitae actionem agitationemque oculis exhibent.

(Contemporary Latin) television (device)


casus

cāsus m (genitive cāsūs); fourth declension

cāsus (canonical masculine)
cāsūs (genitive)
cāsus (nominative singular)
cāsūs (nominative plural)
cāsūs (genitive singular)
cāsuum (genitive plural)
cāsuī (dative singular)
cāsibus (dative plural)
cāsum (accusative singular)
cāsūs (accusative plural)
cāsū (ablative singular)
cāsibus (ablative plural)
cāsus (singular vocative)
cāsūs (plural vocative)

Asturian: casu

Catalan: cas

desctree

→ Dutch: casus
→ Dutch: c.q.
→ Indonesian: kasus

→ Finnish: kaasus

→ German: Kasus

Italian: caso

Occitan: cas

Neapolitan: caso

→ Old French: cas

French: cas

→ Middle English: cas

English: case

Portuguese: caso, acaso

→ Romanian: caz

Romansch: cas

→ Russian: ка́зус (kázus)

Sicilian: casu

→ Spanish: caso

→ Cebuano: kaso

→ Ladino: kavzo

→ Tagalog: kaso

Swedish: kasus

Venetan: caxo

From cāssus with regular degemination after a long vowel, for cadō (“to fall, happen”) + -tus (“action noun suffix”), from Proto-Italic *kadō, Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂d- (“to fall”). The grammatical sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek πτῶσις (ptôsis).


causa

la-noun

causa f (genitive causae); first declension

causae (genitive)
causa (nominative singular)
causae (nominative plural)
causae (genitive singular)
causārum (genitive plural)
causae (dative singular)
causīs (dative plural)
causam (accusative singular)
causās (accusative plural)
causā (ablative singular)
causīs (ablative plural)
causa (singular vocative)
causae (plural vocative)

From Old Latin caussa, from Proto-Italic *kaussā, further origin unknown. Connected by some to Latin cudo (“I strike”), in the sense "strike a cause," in which the Proto-Indo-European form would be *kewh₂-ud-ʰ-t-, from *kewh₂- (“to cut, strike”). Others are skeptical of an Indo-European origin. Related to Etruscan 𐌂𐌀𐌅𐌔𐌀 (cavsa).

unk

unknown


cavea

la-noun

cavea f (genitive caveae); first declension

caveae (genitive)
cavea (nominative singular)
caveae (nominative plural)
caveae (genitive singular)
caveārum (genitive plural)
caveae (dative singular)
caveīs (dative plural)
caveam (accusative singular)
caveās (accusative plural)
caveā (ablative singular)
caveīs (ablative plural)
cavea (singular vocative)
caveae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Istro-Romanian: cåibĕ

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: gàggia

→ Italian: gaggia

Romagnol: gàbia

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: gabbia

>? Sicilian: cagghia

Old French: cage

French: cage

desctree

→ Middle English: cage, kage, gage
English: cage
Scots: cage

→ Sicilian: gaggia, jaggia

Old Occitan:

Catalan: gàbia

Occitan: gàbia

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: cabie, chebe

Venetan: càbia, gàbia, chèba, ghèba

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: gabia

Portuguese: gaiva

Spanish: gavia

Borrowings

→ Catalan: càvea

→ English: cavea (learned)

→ Italian: cavea

→ Middle Dutch: coye, koye

Dutch: kooi (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Low German: kōje

Low German: Kooj

→ Danish: køje

→ German: Koje

→ Icelandic: koja

→ Norwegian: køye

→ Swedish: koj

→ Old High German: chevia, kevia, keba

Middle High German: kevje

German: Käfig

→ Middle High German: kouwe

German: Kaue

→ Proto-Basque: *kabia

Basque: habia

→ Portuguese: cávea, gávea

→ Spanish: cávea

From cavus (similar to alveus from alvus).


Iuno

la-proper noun

Iūnō f sg (genitive Iūnōnis); third declension

Iūnō (canonical feminine singular)
Iūnōnis (genitive)
Iūnō (nominative singular)
Iūnōnis (genitive singular)
Iūnōnī (dative singular)
Iūnōnem (accusative singular)
Iūnōne (ablative singular)
Iūnō (singular vocative)

There are two hypotheses:
* From Proto-Indo-European *dyúh₃onh₂-, *dyúh₃nh₂- (“having heavenly authority”), from *dyew- (“sky, heaven”) + *-Hō (“burden, authority”), rendering Iuvō, *Iūnis, normalized to Iūnō, Iūnōnis. See Ancient Greek Διώνη (Diṓnē, “Dione”);
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₂yúh₃onh₂-, *h₂yúh₃nh₂- (“the young goddess”), from *h₂óyu (“long time, lifetime”) + *-Hō (“burden, authority”) also rendering *Iuvō, *Iūnis, normalized to Iūnō, Iūnōnis. See Latin iuvenis (“young”).

cur sit virginibus, quæris, dea culta ministris? / inveniam causas hac quoque parte suas. / ex Ope Iunonem memorant Cereremque creatas / semine Saturni; tertia Vesta fuit. / utraque nupserunt, ambæ peperisse feruntur; / de tribus impatiens restitit una viri.

Why, you ask, is the goddess tended by virgin ministers? I’ll discover the true causes for this as well. They say that Juno and Ceres were born of Ops by Saturn’s seed; Vesta was the third daughter. The other two married, both reported to have borne children; of the three, one remained who could not bear a husband.

(Roman mythology, religion) Juno, queen of the gods, patron of rulers and childbirth, equivalent to the Greek Hera.


Perseus

Perseus m sg (variously declined, genitive Perseos or Perseī); third declension, second declension

Perseos (genitive)
Perseī (genitive)
Perse͡us (nominative singular)
Perseos (genitive singular)
Perseī (genitive singular)
Perseō (dative singular)
Persea (accusative singular)
Perseum (accusative singular)
Perseō (ablative singular)
Perse͡u (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Perseus (son of Jupiter and Danae, killed Medusa and rescued Andromeda)


persona

la-noun

persōna f (genitive persōnae); first declension

persōna (canonical feminine)
persōnae (genitive)
persōna (nominative singular)
persōnae (nominative plural)
persōnae (genitive singular)
persōnārum (genitive plural)
persōnae (dative singular)
persōnīs (dative plural)
persōnam (accusative singular)
persōnās (accusative plural)
persōnā (ablative singular)
persōnīs (ablative plural)
persōna (singular vocative)
persōnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: persona

Italian: persona

Ladin: persona

Ligurian: persónn-a

desctree

Old French: persone, parsone, persoun, persoune, presonne
Middle French: personne
French: personne
Louisiana Creole: personne
Norman: pèrsonne
→ Middle English: persoun, personne
English:
parson
person
Nigerian Pidgin: pesin

Old Occitan: persona

Catalan: persona

Occitan: persona

Old Galician-Portuguese: pessõa, persõa
Galician: persoa
Portuguese: pessoa

Piedmontese: përson-a

Sicilian: pirsuna

→ English: persona
→ Japanese: ペルソナ (perusona)

→ Esperanto: persono

→ Icelandic: persóna

→ Ido: persono

→ Indonesian: persona

→ Interlingua: persona

→ Latgalian: persona

→ Latvian: persona

→ Manx: persoon

→ Middle Dutch: persone

Dutch: persoon
Afrikaans: persoon
→ Indonesian: person

→ Middle High German: persōn, persōne

German: Person

Hunsrik: Person

Luxembourgish: Persoun

desc

Yiddish: פּאַרשוין (parshoyn), פּערזאָן (perzon)

desctree

→ Old Irish: persan
Middle Irish: persa
Irish: pearsa
Scottish Gaelic: pearsa

→ Polish: persona

→ Romanian: persoană

→ Russian: персо́на (persóna)

→ Spanish: persona

→ Swedish: person

→ Welsh: person

Unknown.
Links have been suggested
* to Etruscan 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu) (human figure appearing with a mask), which some have referred to Perseus, some to Ancient Greek πρόσωπον (prósōpon, “mask, character”);
* to personō (“to sound through”), often by Roman writers, but notice short and long o.


Gabriel

la-proper noun

Gabriēl m sg (variously declined, genitive Gabriēl or Gabriēlis); indeclinable, third declension

Gabriēl (canonical masculine singular)
Gabriēl (genitive)
Gabriēlis (genitive)
Gabriēl (nominative singular)
Gabriēl (genitive singular)
Gabriēlis (genitive singular)
Gabriēl (dative singular)
Gabriēlī (dative singular)
Gabriēl (accusative singular)
Gabriēlem (accusative singular)
Gabriēl (ablative singular)
Gabriēle (ablative singular)
Gabriēl (singular vocative)

→ Albanian: Gabriel

→ Catalan: Gabriel, Biel

→ Czech: Gabriel

→ Danish: Gabriel

→ Dutch: Gabriël

Afrikaans: Gabriël

→ English: Gabriel

→ Hawaiian: Kapeliela

→ Maori: Kaperiere

→ Faroese: Gabriel, Gabrial, Brialdur

desc

→ Finnish: Gabriel, Kaaperi, Kaapre, Kaaprel, Kaaprelli, Kaapo

desctree

→ French: Gabriel
→ Alemannic German: Gaabi

→ Galician: Gabriel

→ Georgian: გაბრიელი (gabrieli)

→ German: Gabriel

desc

→ Greenlandic: Kaapriale, Kapriali, Kaparialli

→ Gujarati: ગેબ્રિયલ (gebriyal)

→ Hindi: गेब्रियल (gebriyal)

→ Hungarian: Gabór, Gábriel

→ Icelandic: Gabríel

→ Irish: Gaibrial, Gaibriéil, Gaibriél

→ Italian: Gabriele

→ Japanese: ガブリエル (Gaburieru)

→ Kannada: ಗೇಬ್ರಿಯಲ್ (gēbriyal)

→ Korean: 가브리엘 (Gabeuriel)

→ Latvian: Gabriels

→ Lithuanian: Gabrielius

→ Maltese: Gabrijel

→ Norman: Gabriel

→ Norwegian: Gabriel

→ Persian: گابریل (gâbriel)

→ Polish: Gabriel

→ Portuguese: Gabriel, Biel

→ Romanian: Gabriel

→ Serbo-Croatian: Gabrijel

→ Slovak: Gabriel

→ Slovene: Gabrijel

→ Spanish: Gabriel

→ Kapampangan: Gabriel

→ Tagalog: Gabriel

→ Swedish: Gabriel, Gabrel

→ Welsh: Gabriel

[ˈɡäbrieːɫ̪]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Γαβρῑήλ (Gabrīḗl), from Biblical Hebrew גַּבְרִיאֵל (Gaḇrīʾḗl, “God is my strong man”), from גֶּבֶר (géver, “strong man, hero”) and אֵל (ʾēl, “God”).


poetaster

la-noun

poētaster m (genitive poētastrī); second declension

poētaster (canonical masculine)
poētastrī (genitive)
poētaster (nominative singular)
poētastrī (nominative plural)
poētastrī (genitive singular)
poētastrōrum (genitive plural)
poētastrō (dative singular)
poētastrīs (dative plural)
poētastrum (accusative singular)
poētastrōs (accusative plural)
poētastrō (ablative singular)
poētastrīs (ablative plural)
poētaster (singular vocative)
poētastrī (plural vocative)

From poēt(a) (“poet”) + -aster (“expressing incomplete resemblance”).


competitor

la-noun

competītor m (genitive competītōris, feminine competītrīx); third declension

competītor (canonical masculine)
competītōris (genitive)
competītrīx (feminine)
competītor (nominative singular)
competītōrēs (nominative plural)
competītōris (genitive singular)
competītōrum (genitive plural)
competītōrī (dative singular)
competītōribus (dative plural)
competītōrem (accusative singular)
competītōrēs (accusative plural)
competītōre (ablative singular)
competītōribus (ablative plural)
competītor (singular vocative)
competītōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: competidor

Friulian: competidôr

Italian: competitore

→ Middle French: compétiteur

→ English: competitor

French: compétiteur

→ Norman: compétiteu

Portuguese: competidor

Romanian: competitor

Spanish: competidor

a competitor, rival, adversary, opponent


modulus

modulus m (genitive modulī); second declension

modulī (genitive)
modulus (nominative singular)
modulī (nominative plural)
modulī (genitive singular)
modulōrum (genitive plural)
modulō (dative singular)
modulīs (dative plural)
modulum (accusative singular)
modulōs (accusative plural)
modulō (ablative singular)
modulīs (ablative plural)
module (singular vocative)
modulī (plural vocative)

→ English: modulus

→ Occitan: mòtle

→ Old Catalan: motle

Catalan: motlle

→ Spanish: molde

→ Portuguese: molde

→ Old French: modle, mole

→ Middle English: molde, moolde, moulde

English: mold, mould

Scots: muild

French: moule

→ Catalan: mòdul (learned), mòdol

desctree

→ French: module
→ English: module
→ Romanian: modul
→ Turkish: modül

→ Italian: modulo

→ Portuguese: módulo

→ Russian: мо́дуль (módulʹ)

→ Spanish: módulo

[ˈmɔd̪ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From modus (“measure; manner, way”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix).

af

diminutive of modus (“measure, metre, mode; method”):

(music) a rhythmical measure, interval, rhythm, mode, time


miles

la-noun

mīles m or f (genitive mīlitis); third declension

mīles (canonical feminine masculine)
mīlitis (genitive)
mīles (nominative singular)
mīlitēs (nominative plural)
mīlitis (genitive singular)
mīlitum (genitive plural)
mīlitī (dative singular)
mīlitibus (dative plural)
mīlitem (accusative singular)
mīlitēs (accusative plural)
mīlite (ablative singular)
mīlitibus (ablative plural)
mīles (singular vocative)
mīlitēs (plural vocative)

→ Italian: milite

→ Piedmontese: mìlit

→ Portuguese: mílite

Romanian: mire (uncertain)

→ Spanish: mílite

→ Welsh: milwr

Unknown. Possibly of Etruscan origin. The suffix seems similar to that of pedes, eques, veles, comes, but the origin of mīl- is opaque. A connection to mīlia (“thousands”), perhaps as "person going by the thousand(s)", is difficult to confidently motivate semantically.

mīles gregārius


versus

versus m (genitive versūs); fourth declension

versūs (genitive)
versus (nominative singular)
versūs (nominative plural)
versūs (genitive singular)
versuum (genitive plural)
versuī (dative singular)
versibus (dative plural)
versum (accusative singular)
versūs (accusative plural)
versū (ablative singular)
versibus (ablative plural)
versus (singular vocative)
versūs (plural vocative)

Catalan: vers

Corsican: versu

French: vers

Friulian: viers

Italian: verso

Occitan: vers

Old Galician-Portuguese: vesso

Old Spanish: viesso

Piedmontese: vers

Romanian: viers

Sardinian: bessu

→ Albanian: vjershë

→ English: verse

→ Polish: wiersz

→ Belarusian: верш (vjerš)

→ Ukrainian: вірш (virš)

→ Portuguese: verso

→ Serbo-Croatian: vȅrs/ве̏рс

→ Spanish: verso

→ Swedish: vers

→ Welsh: gwers

[ˈu̯ɛrs̠ʊs̠]

Magnum ibi numerum versuum ediscere dicuntur.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.14

They are said to learn by heart a great number of verses there.

(transf.) a line, row
(partic.) a line of writing, a verse


mamma

mamma f (genitive mammae); first declension

mammae (genitive)
mamma (nominative singular)
mammae (nominative plural)
mammae (genitive singular)
mammārum (genitive plural)
mammae (dative singular)
mammīs (dative plural)
mammam (accusative singular)
mammās (accusative plural)
mammā (ablative singular)
mammīs (ablative plural)
mamma (singular vocative)
mammae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: mamã

→ English: mamma

French: maman

Portuguese: mamã

Ido: mama

→ Irish: mama

→ Galician: mama

Istriot: mama

Italian: mamma

Megleno-Romanian: mamă

Mozarabic: ממה (mmh)

Neapolitan: mamma

Old Galician-Portuguese: mamoa (from mammula)

Galician: mámoa

Portuguese: mamoa

→ Portuguese: mama

Romanian: mamă

Romansch: mamma, mama, mumma, moma

Sardinian: mama, mamma, immamma

Spanish: mama

Uncertain. Either a native childish term of onomatopoeic origin, or borrowed from Ancient Greek μάμμη (mámmē).

mammam dare

to give someone the breast, to suckle someone

(by extension) a protuberance on tree bark


numen

nūmen n (genitive nūminis); third declension

nūmen (canonical neuter)
nūminis (genitive)
nūmen (nominative singular)
nūmina (nominative plural)
nūminis (genitive singular)
nūminum (genitive plural)
nūminī (dative singular)
nūminibus (dative plural)
nūmen (accusative singular)
nūmina (accusative plural)
nūmine (ablative singular)
nūminibus (ablative plural)
nūmen (singular vocative)
nūmina (plural vocative)

→ English: numen, numinous

→ Italian: nume

→ Portuguese: nume, númen

→ Spanish: numen

* Could be simply an action noun of *nuō, for *nuimen, from *nuō + -men, thus meaning "a nodding with the head", "a nod", "command", "will" (as nūtus), with the particular meaning of "the divine will", "the will or power of the gods", "divine sway".
* Others suggest the Ancient Greek word νοούμενον (nooúmenon) ("an influence perceptible by mind but not by senses"), from νοέω (noéō), was borrowed into Early Latin as the word noumen, whose spelling changed to numen in Classical Latin.

divinity (Georges Dumézil argues this is a modern meaning and not one from the Classical period, where it was either attributed to particular gods or other entities, such as in numen Cereris or numen dei, or wrongly interpreted)


Lethe

la-proper noun

Lēthē f sg (genitive Lēthēs); first declension

Lēthē (canonical feminine singular)
Lēthēs (genitive)
Lēthē (nominative singular)
Lēthēs (genitive singular)
Lēthae (dative singular)
Lēthēn (accusative singular)
Lēthē (ablative singular)
Lēthē (singular vocative)
Lēthae (locative singular)

[ˈɫ̪eːt̪ʰeː]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λήθη (Lḗthē).

bor+

(Greek mythology) the river Lethe, the river of oblivion


apophasis

la-noun

apophasis f (genitive apophasis); third declension

apophasis (genitive)
apophasis (nominative singular)
apophasēs (nominative plural)
apophasis (genitive singular)
apophasium (genitive plural)
apophasī (dative singular)
apophasibus (dative plural)
apophasem (accusative singular)
apophasēs (accusative plural)
apophasīs (accusative plural)
apophase (ablative singular)
apophasibus (ablative plural)
apophasis (singular vocative)
apophasēs (plural vocative)

English: apophasis

French: apophase

Galician: apófase

→ Finnish: apofaasi

Portuguese: apófase

→ Russian: Апофазия (Apofazija)

[äˈpɔpʰäs̠ɪs̠]

From Ancient Greek ἀπόφασις (apóphasis, “denial, negation”), ἀπο- (apo-, “away, from, off”) + φάσις (phásis, “statement, proposition”) from ἀπόφημι (apóphēmi, “speak out; say no, refuse, deny”) from Attic Greek φημί (phēmí), Doric Greek φᾱμί (phāmí) from Proto-Hellenic *pʰā́mā from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂; whence via Proto-Italic *fāōr, *fāmā compare fārī, fābula, fāma, hence English fable, fame.

af

(Ecclesiastical Latin, Christianity, philosophy, theology) apprehending knowledge of what is true about an unknowable, such as the essence of a divine being like God, by a negative process of denying propositions that are knowably untrue


ethos

la-noun

ēthos n (irregular, genitive ētheos); third declension

ēthos (canonical neuter)
ētheos (genitive)
ēthos (nominative singular)
ēthea (nominative plural)
ēthē (nominative plural)
ētheos (genitive singular)
ēthōn (genitive plural)
ēthī (dative singular)
ēthesi (dative plural)
ēthesin (dative plural)
ēthos (accusative singular)
ēthea (accusative plural)
ēthē (accusative plural)
ēthī (ablative singular)
ēthesi (ablative plural)
ēthesin (ablative plural)
ēthos (singular vocative)
ēthea (plural vocative)
ēthē (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos).

Is omnium prīmus animum pīnxit et sēnsūs hominis expressit, quae vocant Graecī ēthē, item perturbātiōnēs, dūrior paulō in colōribus.

77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia 35.98

He [viz. Aristides of Thebes] was the first of all painters who depicted the mind and expressed the feelings of a human being, what the Greeks term ethe, and also the emotions; he was a little too hard in his colours.


orchestra

orchēstra f (genitive orchēstrae); first declension

orchēstra (canonical feminine)
orchēstrae (genitive)
orchēstra (nominative singular)
orchēstrae (nominative plural)
orchēstrae (genitive singular)
orchēstrārum (genitive plural)
orchēstrae (dative singular)
orchēstrīs (dative plural)
orchēstram (accusative singular)
orchēstrās (accusative plural)
orchēstrā (ablative singular)
orchēstrīs (ablative plural)
orchēstra (singular vocative)
orchēstrae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: orquestra

→ English: orchestra (see there for further descendants)

→ Finnish: orkestra

→ French: orchestre (see there for further descendants)

→ Galician: orquestra

→ Indonesian: orkestra

desctree

→ Italian: orchestra
→ Turkish: orkestra

→ Latvian: orķestris

→ Malay: orkestra

→ Maltese: orkestra

→ Norman: orchestre

→ Piedmontese: orchestra

→ Polish: orkiestra

→ Portuguese: orquestra

→ Romanian: orchestră

→ Spanish: orquesta

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra).


neutrum

la-noun

neutrum n (genitive neutrī); second declension

neutrī (genitive)
neutrum (nominative singular)
neutra (nominative plural)
neutrī (genitive singular)
neutrōrum (genitive plural)
neutrō (dative singular)
neutrīs (dative plural)
neutrum (accusative singular)
neutra (accusative plural)
neutrō (ablative singular)
neutrīs (ablative plural)
neutrum (singular vocative)
neutra (plural vocative)

→ Danish: neutrum

→ Dutch: neutrum

→ Finnish: neutri

→ French: neutre

→ German: Neutrum

desctree

→ Old Irish: neutur, neutor
Irish: neodar
Scottish Gaelic: neodar

→ Norwegian Bokmål: nøytrum

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: nøytrum

→ Portuguese: neutro

→ Swedish: neutrum

[ˈnɛu̯t̪rʊ̃ˑ]


stigma

la-noun

stigma n (genitive stigmatis); third declension

stigmatis (genitive)
stigma (nominative singular)
stigmata (nominative plural)
stigmatis (genitive singular)
stigmatum (genitive plural)
stigmatī (dative singular)
stigmatibus (dative plural)
stigma (accusative singular)
stigmata (accusative plural)
stigmate (ablative singular)
stigmatibus (ablative plural)
stigma (singular vocative)
stigmata (plural vocative)


Saturnus

la-proper noun

Sāturnus m (genitive Sāturnī); second declension

Sāturnus (canonical masculine)
Sāturnī (genitive)
Sāturnus (nominative singular)
Sāturnī (nominative plural)
Sāturnī (genitive singular)
Sāturnōrum (genitive plural)
Sāturnō (dative singular)
Sāturnīs (dative plural)
Sāturnum (accusative singular)
Sāturnōs (accusative plural)
Sāturnō (ablative singular)
Sāturnīs (ablative plural)
Sāturne (singular vocative)
Sāturnī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: Shtunë

→ English: Saturn

→ German: Saturn

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Saturno
Galician: Saturno
Portuguese: Saturno

→ Proto-Brythonic: *Sadurn (from Vulgar Latin Săturnus)

Breton: Sadorn

Cornish: Sadorn

Middle Welsh: Sadwrn

Welsh: Sadwrn

→ Proto-West Germanic: *Sāturnas dag (see there for further descendants)

[s̠äːˈt̪ʊrnʊs̠]

Probably from Etruscan 𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌄 (satre); alternative derivation from Latin satus, the past participle of serō (“to sow”), is then mere folk-etymology.

(Roman mythology) Saturn (god of fertility and agriculture)


etymologia

la-noun

etymologia f (genitive etymologiae); first declension

etymologiae (genitive)
etymologia (nominative singular)
etymologiae (nominative plural)
etymologiae (genitive singular)
etymologiārum (genitive plural)
etymologiae (dative singular)
etymologiīs (dative plural)
etymologiam (accusative singular)
etymologiās (accusative plural)
etymologiā (ablative singular)
etymologiīs (ablative plural)
etymologia (singular vocative)
etymologiae (plural vocative)

Catalan: etimologia

→ Czech: etymologie f

→ Danish: etymologi

→ Dutch: etymologie

→ English: etymology

→ Finnish: etymologia

French: étymologie

Friulian: etimologjie

→ German: Etymologie

Italian: etimologia

→ Lithuanian: etimologija

→ Norwegian Bokmål: etymologi

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: etymologi

→ Polish: etymologia

Occitan: etimologia

desctree

→ Old Ruthenian: етимоло́ґїа (etimológia), етѵмоло́гїѧ (etimolóhija), етимоло́ґїа (etimológia), єтимоло́ґїа (jetimológia)
Belarusian: этымало́гія (etymalóhija); этымалёгія (etymaljóhija) (Taraškievica orthography)
Carpathian Rusyn: етімоло́ґія (etimológija)
Ukrainian: етимоло́гія (etymolóhija)

Piedmontese: etimologìa

Portuguese: etimologia

Romanian: etimologie

→ Russian: этимология f (etimologija)

→ Serbo-Croatian: etimologija

→ Slovak: etymológia f

→ Slovene: etimologija

Spanish: etimología

→ Swedish: etymologi

[ɛt̪ʏmɔˈɫ̪ɔɡiä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐτυμολογία (etumología), from ἔτυμον (étumon, “true sense”), neuter of ἔτυμος (étumos, “real, true, actual”) + λόγος (lógos, “word, speech, discourse”).


ciborium

la-noun

cibōrium n (genitive cibōriī or cibōrī); second declension

cibōrium (canonical neuter)
cibōriī (genitive)
cibōrī (genitive)
cibōrium (nominative singular)
cibōria (nominative plural)
cibōriī (genitive singular)
cibōrī (genitive singular)
cibōriōrum (genitive plural)
cibōriō (dative singular)
cibōriīs (dative plural)
cibōrium (accusative singular)
cibōria (accusative plural)
cibōriō (ablative singular)
cibōriīs (ablative plural)
cibōrium (singular vocative)
cibōria (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κιβώριον (kibṓrion).

the seedvessel of sacred lotus which served as a drinking vessel with the Egyptians


pluralis

la-adj

plūrālis (neuter plūrāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

plūrālis (canonical)
plūrāle (neuter)
plūrālis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
plūrāle (neuter nominative singular)
plūrālēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
plūrālia (neuter nominative plural)
plūrālis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
plūrālium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
plūrālī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
plūrālibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
plūrālem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
plūrāle (accusative neuter singular)
plūrālēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
plūrālīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
plūrālia (accusative neuter plural)
plūrālī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
plūrālibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
plūrālis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
plūrāle (neuter singular vocative)
plūrālēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
plūrālia (neuter plural vocative)

→ Old French: plurel

→ Middle English: plurelle

English: plural

Scots: plural

→ German: Pluralis, Plural

[pɫ̪uːˈräːlʲɪs̠]


pluralis

la-noun

plūrālis m (genitive plūrālis); third declension

plūrālis (canonical masculine)
plūrālis (genitive)
plūrālis (nominative singular)
plūrālēs (nominative plural)
plūrālis (genitive singular)
plūrālium (genitive plural)
plūrālī (dative singular)
plūrālibus (dative plural)
plūrālem (accusative singular)
plūrālēs (accusative plural)
plūrālīs (accusative plural)
plūrāle (ablative singular)
plūrālibus (ablative plural)
plūrālis (singular vocative)
plūrālēs (plural vocative)

[pɫ̪uːˈräːlʲɪs̠]

(grammar) plural (short for numerus plūrālis)


CP

Initialism of cum privilegio, with privilege.


furor

la-verb

fūror (present infinitive fūrārī, perfect active fūrātus sum); first conjugation, deponent

fūror (canonical)
fūrārī (infinitive present)
fūrātus sum (active perfect)
fūror (active first-person indicative present singular)
fūrāris (active indicative present second-person singular)
fūrāre (active indicative present second-person singular)
fūrātur (active indicative present singular third-person)
fūrāmur (active first-person indicative plural present)
fūrāminī (active indicative plural present second-person)
fūrantur (active indicative plural present third-person)
fūrābar (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fūrābāris (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fūrābāre (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fūrābātur (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fūrābāmur (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fūrābāminī (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fūrābantur (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fūrābor (active first-person future indicative singular)
fūrāberis (active future indicative second-person singular)
fūrābere (active future indicative second-person singular)
fūrābitur (active future indicative singular third-person)
fūrābimur (active first-person future indicative plural)
fūrābiminī (active future indicative plural second-person)
fūrābuntur (active future indicative plural third-person)
fūrer (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fūrēris (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fūrēre (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fūrētur (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fūrēmur (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fūrēminī (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fūrentur (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fūrārer (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fūrārēris (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fūrārēre (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fūrārētur (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fūrārēmur (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fūrārēminī (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fūrārentur (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fūrāre (active imperative present second-person singular)
fūrāminī (active imperative plural present second-person)
fūrātor (active future imperative second-person singular)
fūrātor (active future imperative singular third-person)
fūrantor (active future imperative plural third-person)
fūrārī (active infinitive present)
fūrātum esse (active infinitive perfect)
fūrātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
fūrāns (active participle present)
fūrātus (active participle perfect)
fūrātūrus (active future participle)
fūrandus (future participle passive)
fūrandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
fūrandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
fūrandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
fūrandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
fūrātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
fūrātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aromanian: fur, furari

Istro-Romanian: furå

Italian: furare

Romanian: fura, furare

Sardinian: furai


fiducia

la-noun

fīdūcia f (genitive fīdūciae); first declension

fīdūcia (canonical feminine)
fīdūciae (genitive)
fīdūcia (nominative singular)
fīdūciae (nominative plural)
fīdūciae (genitive singular)
fīdūciārum (genitive plural)
fīdūciae (dative singular)
fīdūciīs (dative plural)
fīdūciam (accusative singular)
fīdūciās (accusative plural)
fīdūciā (ablative singular)
fīdūciīs (ablative plural)
fīdūcia (singular vocative)
fīdūciae (plural vocative)

North Italian:

Old Lombard: fiuxia

Old Northern Italian: fedusia

Piedmontese: fiusa

Italo-Romance:

Tuscan:

Lucca: feducia

Viareggio: feduce

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: feuza

Galician: fiúza

Portuguese: fiúza

desc

Old Spanish: feduza, feuza, fiuza, fiuzia, fuyzia, fuzia

Spanish: hucia (obsolete)

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: fidúcia

→ French: fiducie

→ Italian: fiducia

→ Sicilian: fiducia

→ Spanish: fiducia

From unattested *fīdūcus + -ia, from fīdō (“I trust”) + -ūcus, confer cadūcus.


confessio

la-noun

cōnfessiō f (genitive cōnfessiōnis); third declension

cōnfessiō (canonical feminine)
cōnfessiōnis (genitive)
cōnfessiō (nominative singular)
cōnfessiōnēs (nominative plural)
cōnfessiōnis (genitive singular)
cōnfessiōnum (genitive plural)
cōnfessiōnī (dative singular)
cōnfessiōnibus (dative plural)
cōnfessiōnem (accusative singular)
cōnfessiōnēs (accusative plural)
cōnfessiōne (ablative singular)
cōnfessiōnibus (ablative plural)
cōnfessiō (singular vocative)
cōnfessiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: confessió

→ English: confessio

→ Galician: confesión

→ Italian: confessione

→ Occitan: confession

desctree

→ Old French: confession
French: confession
→ German: Konfession
→ Romanian: confesiune
→ Middle English: confessioun, confession, confessyon, confessyone, confessyown
English: confession

→ Old Irish: cobais

→ Portuguese: confissão

→ Russian: конфе́ссия (konféssija)

→ Spanish: confesión

→ Welsh: cyffes

[kõːˈfɛs̠ːioː]

From cōnfiteor (“to confess, to acknowledge”) + -tiō.

suf

(Ecclesiastical Latin) creed or avowal of one's faith

(Ecclesiastical Latin) confession (disclosure of one's sins to a priest in order to receive absolution from God)


flamen

la-noun

flāmen n (genitive flāminis); third declension

flāmen (canonical neuter)
flāminis (genitive)
flāmen (nominative singular)
flāmina (nominative plural)
flāminis (genitive singular)
flāminum (genitive plural)
flāminī (dative singular)
flāminibus (dative plural)
flāmen (accusative singular)
flāmina (accusative plural)
flāmine (ablative singular)
flāminibus (ablative plural)
flāmen (singular vocative)
flāmina (plural vocative)

From flō (“I breathe, blow”) + -men (noun-forming suffix).


Bacchus

la-proper noun

Bacchus m (genitive Bacchī); second declension

Bacchī (genitive)
Bacchus (nominative singular)
Bacchī (nominative plural)
Bacchī (genitive singular)
Bacchōrum (genitive plural)
Bacchō (dative singular)
Bacchīs (dative plural)
Bacchum (accusative singular)
Bacchōs (accusative plural)
Bacchō (ablative singular)
Bacchīs (ablative plural)
Bacche (singular vocative)
Bacchī (plural vocative)

→ English: Bacchus (learned)

→ French: Bacchus (learned)

→ Italian: Bacco, bacco (learned)

→ Portuguese: Baco (learned)

→ Spanish: Baco (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βάκχος (Bákkhos).

bor+

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Bacchus


stria

la-noun

stria f (genitive striae); first declension

striae (genitive)
stria (nominative singular)
striae (nominative plural)
striae (genitive singular)
striārum (genitive plural)
striae (dative singular)
striīs (dative plural)
striam (accusative singular)
striās (accusative plural)
striā (ablative singular)
striīs (ablative plural)
stria (singular vocative)
striae (plural vocative)

Italian: stria, striscia (+ fascia)

→ Catalan: estria (learned)

→ English: stria

→ Spanish: estría

→ Portuguese: estria

From Proto-Italic *strig-jā, from what looks like a cross of Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to brush, strip, shear”) and Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“to draw, tie”). Cognate to Latin striga, Latin stringō, English streak, German Striemen (“streak, stripe”), Old High German strimo, Dutch striem.

der

A furrow, channel, groove, hollow.
(architecture) The flute of a column.

A furrow, channel, groove, hollow.
The flute of a column.


gens

la-noun

gēns f (genitive gentis); third declension

gēns (canonical feminine)
gentis (genitive)
gēns (nominative singular)
gentēs (nominative plural)
gentis (genitive singular)
gentium (genitive plural)
gentī (dative singular)
gentibus (dative plural)
gentem (accusative singular)
gentēs (accusative plural)
gentīs (accusative plural)
gente (ablative singular)
gentibus (ablative plural)
gēns (singular vocative)
gentēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: gintã (unusual)

Romanian: gint

Dalmatian:

ziant

Italo-Romance:

Italian: gente

desc

→ Sardinian: gente, genti, tzente, zente

Judeo-Italian: יֵינְטַה (yenəṭa /jenta/)

Neapolitan: gente

Sicilian: genti

W. Romance of N. Italy:

Friulian: int

Istriot: zento

Venetan: dente, xente, zente

Lombard: gent

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: gens

desctree

Old French: gent
French: gens m pl
Norman: gens m pl
Walloon: djin m pl

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: gent

Occitan: gent

Aragonese: chent

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: xente

Leonese: xente

Mirandese: giente

Old Galician-Portuguese: gente

Galician: xente

Portuguese: gente

Old Spanish: yente

Ladino: djente

Spanish: gente (latin influence)

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: gjinde

→ Basque: jende

→ Romanian: gintă

→ English: gens, ⇒ genticide

From Proto-Italic *gentis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis, from root *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to beget, to give birth”).
See also generō, genus, gignō. Cognate with English kind, Sanskrit जाति (jāti), Ancient Greek γένος (génos) and Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), whence English genesis.

Roman clan (related by birth or marriage and sharing a common name and often united by certain religious rites)

(biblical, Christianity, Judaism) heathen, pagan


masculus

la-adj

masculus (feminine mascula, neuter masculum); first/second-declension adjective

mascula (feminine)
masculum (neuter)
masculus (masculine nominative singular)
mascula (feminine nominative singular)
masculum (neuter nominative singular)
masculī (masculine nominative plural)
masculae (feminine nominative plural)
mascula (neuter nominative plural)
masculī (genitive masculine singular)
masculae (feminine genitive singular)
masculī (genitive neuter singular)
masculōrum (genitive masculine plural)
masculārum (feminine genitive plural)
masculōrum (genitive neuter plural)
masculō (dative masculine singular)
masculae (dative feminine singular)
masculō (dative neuter singular)
masculīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
masculum (accusative masculine singular)
masculam (accusative feminine singular)
masculum (accusative neuter singular)
masculōs (accusative masculine plural)
masculās (accusative feminine plural)
mascula (accusative neuter plural)
masculō (ablative masculine singular)
masculā (ablative feminine singular)
masculō (ablative neuter singular)
masculīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
mascule (masculine singular vocative)
mascula (feminine singular vocative)
masculum (neuter singular vocative)
masculī (masculine plural vocative)
masculae (feminine plural vocative)
mascula (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈmäs̠kʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From mās ("male") + -culus (diminutive ending).


Prometheus

la-proper noun

Promētheus m sg (genitive Promētheī or Promētheos); second declension

Promētheus (canonical masculine singular)
Promētheī (genitive)
Promētheos (genitive)
Promētheus (nominative singular)
Promētheī (genitive singular)
Promētheos (genitive singular)
Promētheō (dative singular)
Promētheum (accusative singular)
Promēthea (accusative singular)
Promētheō (ablative singular)
Promētheu (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Προμηθεύς (Promētheús).


Isaac

→ Old Irish: Isaác

Irish: Íosác

From Ancient Greek Ἰσαάκ (Isaák), from Biblical Hebrew יִצְחָק (Yiṣḥāq, literally “he laughs”).


IR

(Christianity) Initialism of Iesus Rex (“Jesus, the king”). Short for INRI.


copia

la-noun

cōpia f (genitive cōpiae); first declension

cōpia (canonical feminine)
cōpiae (genitive)
cōpia (nominative singular)
cōpiae (nominative plural)
cōpiae (genitive singular)
cōpiārum (genitive plural)
cōpiae (dative singular)
cōpiīs (dative plural)
cōpiam (accusative singular)
cōpiās (accusative plural)
cōpiā (ablative singular)
cōpiīs (ablative plural)
cōpia (singular vocative)
cōpiae (plural vocative)

Catalan: còpia

→ English: copy

→ German: Kopie

French: copie

→ Romanian: copie

Italian: cópia

→ Turkish: kopya

Portuguese: cópia

Spanish: copia

Caesar partitis copiis cum Gaio Fabio legato et Marco Crasso quaestore celeriterque effectis pontibus adit tripertito, aedificia vicosque incendit, magno pecoris atque hominum numero potitur.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 6.6

Caesar, having divided his forces with C. Fabius, his lieutenant, and M. Crassus his quaestor, and having hastily constructed some bridges, enters their country in three divisions, burns their houses and villages, and gets possession of a large number of cattle and men.

(in the plural) troops, forces, resources


certo

la-verb

certō (present infinitive certāre, perfect active certāvī, supine certātum); first conjugation

certō (canonical)
certāre (infinitive present)
certāvī (active perfect)
certātum (supine)
certō (active first-person indicative present singular)
certās (active indicative present second-person singular)
certat (active indicative present singular third-person)
certāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
certātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
certant (active indicative plural present third-person)
certābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
certābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
certābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
certābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
certābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
certābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
certābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
certābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
certābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
certābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
certābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
certābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
certāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
certāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
certāstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
certāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
certāt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
certāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
certāmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
certāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
certāstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
certāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
certāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
certārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
certāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
certāram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
certāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
certārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
certāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
certārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
certāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
certārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
certāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
certārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
certāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
certārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
certāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
certārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
certāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
certāris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
certāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
certārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
certāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
certārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
certāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
certāritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
certāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
certārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
certor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
certāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
certāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
certātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
certāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
certāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
certantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
certābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
certābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
certābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
certābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
certābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
certābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
certābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
certābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
certāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
certābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
certābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
certābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
certābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
certābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
certem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
certēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
certet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
certēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
certētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
certent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
certārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
certārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
certārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
certārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
certāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
certārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
certāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
certāssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
certāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certāssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
certāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certāsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
certāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
certāssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
certāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certāssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
certāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certāssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
certer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
certēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
certēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
certētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
certēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
certēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
certentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
certārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
certārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
certārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
certārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
certārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
certārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
certārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
certā (active imperative present second-person singular)
certāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
certātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
certātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
certātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
certantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
certāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
certāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
certātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
certātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
certantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
certāre (active infinitive present)
certāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
certāsse (active infinitive perfect)
certātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
certārī (infinitive passive present)
certārier (infinitive passive present)
certātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
certātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
certāns (active participle present)
certātūrus (active future participle)
certātus (participle passive perfect)
certandus (future participle passive)
certandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
certandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
certandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
certandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
certātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
certātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Albanian: qërtoj

Aromanian: ntsertu, ntsirtari

Italian: certare

Portuguese: certar

Romanian: certa, certare

Sardinian: chertare, certari, certai


regno

rēgnō (present infinitive rēgnāre, perfect active rēgnāvī, supine rēgnātum); first conjugation

rēgnō (canonical)
rēgnāre (infinitive present)
rēgnāvī (active perfect)
rēgnātum (supine)
rēgnō (active first-person indicative present singular)
rēgnās (active indicative present second-person singular)
rēgnat (active indicative present singular third-person)
rēgnāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
rēgnātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
rēgnant (active indicative plural present third-person)
rēgnābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
rēgnābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
rēgnābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
rēgnābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
rēgnābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
rēgnābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
rēgnābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
rēgnābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
rēgnābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
rēgnābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
rēgnābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
rēgnābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
rēgnāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
rēgnāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
rēgnāstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
rēgnāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
rēgnāt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
rēgnāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
rēgnāmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
rēgnāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
rēgnāstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
rēgnāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rēgnāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rēgnārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
rēgnāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
rēgnāram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
rēgnāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
rēgnārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
rēgnāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
rēgnārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
rēgnāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
rēgnārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
rēgnāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
rēgnārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
rēgnāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
rēgnārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
rēgnāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
rēgnārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
rēgnāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
rēgnāris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
rēgnāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
rēgnārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
rēgnāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
rēgnārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
rēgnāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
rēgnāritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
rēgnāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
rēgnārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
rēgnor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
rēgnāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
rēgnāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
rēgnātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
rēgnāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
rēgnāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
rēgnantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
rēgnābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
rēgnābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
rēgnābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
rēgnābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
rēgnābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
rēgnābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
rēgnābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
rēgnābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
rēgnāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
rēgnābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
rēgnābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
rēgnābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
rēgnābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
rēgnābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
rēgnem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
rēgnēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
rēgnēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
rēgnētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
rēgnent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
rēgnārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
rēgnārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rēgnārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
rēgnārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rēgnārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rēgnāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
rēgnārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
rēgnāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rēgnārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rēgnāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
rēgnārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
rēgnāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rēgnārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rēgnāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rēgnārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rēgnāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
rēgnāssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
rēgnāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnāssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rēgnāsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
rēgnāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
rēgnāssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
rēgnāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rēgnāssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
rēgnāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rēgnāssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
rēgner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
rēgnēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
rēgnēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
rēgnēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
rēgnentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
rēgnārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
rēgnārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rēgnārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rēgnārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
rēgnārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rēgnārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rēgnā (active imperative present second-person singular)
rēgnāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
rēgnātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
rēgnātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
rēgnātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
rēgnantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
rēgnāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
rēgnāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
rēgnātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
rēgnātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
rēgnantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
rēgnāre (active infinitive present)
rēgnāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
rēgnāsse (active infinitive perfect)
rēgnātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
rēgnārī (infinitive passive present)
rēgnātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
rēgnātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
rēgnāns (active participle present)
rēgnātūrus (active future participle)
rēgnātus (participle passive perfect)
rēgnandus (future participle passive)
rēgnandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
rēgnandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
rēgnandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
rēgnandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
rēgnātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
rēgnātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Asturian: reinar

Catalan: regnar

English: reign

French: régner

Italian: regnare

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: reinar
Galician: reinar
Portuguese: reinar

Piedmontese: regné

Romansch: regner, regnar

Spanish: reinar


Samuel

la-proper noun

Samūēl m sg (variously declined, genitive Samūēl or Samūēlis); indeclinable, third declension

Samūēl (canonical masculine singular)
Samūēl (genitive)
Samūēlis (genitive)
Samūēl (nominative singular)
Samūēl (genitive singular)
Samūēlis (genitive singular)
Samūēl (dative singular)
Samūēlī (dative singular)
Samūēl (accusative singular)
Samūēlem (accusative singular)
Samūēl (ablative singular)
Samūēle (ablative singular)
Samūēl (singular vocative)

Italian: Samuele

[s̠äˈmuːeːɫ̪]

[ˈs̠ämueːɫ̪]

From Ancient Greek Σαμουήλ (Samouḗl), from Biblical Hebrew שְׁמוּאֵל (šəmūʾḗl).


Elysium

Ēlysium n sg (genitive Ēlysiī or Ēlysī); second declension

Ēlysium (canonical neuter singular)
Ēlysiī (genitive)
Ēlysī (genitive)
Ēlysium (nominative singular)
Ēlysiī (genitive singular)
Ēlysī (genitive singular)
Ēlysiō (dative singular)
Ēlysium (accusative singular)
Ēlysiō (ablative singular)
Ēlysium (singular vocative)

desctree

→ French: Élysée m, Elysée
→ English: Élysée
→ Korean: 엘리제 (Ellije)

[eːˈlʲʏs̠iʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἠλῠ́σῐον (Ēlúsion).

bor+

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Elysium (home of the blessed after death)


vespillo

la-noun

vespillō m (genitive vespillōnis); third declension

vespillō (canonical masculine)
vespillōnis (genitive)
vespillō (nominative singular)
vespillōnēs (nominative plural)
vespillōnis (genitive singular)
vespillōnum (genitive plural)
vespillōnī (dative singular)
vespillōnibus (dative plural)
vespillōnem (accusative singular)
vespillōnēs (accusative plural)
vespillōne (ablative singular)
vespillōnibus (ablative plural)
vespillō (singular vocative)
vespillōnēs (plural vocative)

[u̯ɛs̠ˈpɪlːʲoː]

Uncertain. Possibly a derivative of vespa (“wasp”). Festus describes vespa and vespula as synonyms of vespillo in this sense, but denies a connection to the 'wasp' lexeme and instead gives a (likely folk etymology) derivation of these three terms from vesper (“evening”). Thus, a semantic connection with wasps was apparently not obvious to Festus. Regardless, some modern etymologists have favored this derivation; Benveniste 1923-1924:124f argued that wasps were noted for carrying the body of their prey to their nests. The second element may be the diminutive suffix -illus, followed by -ō, -ōnis m (suffix forming appellations) making the overall structure vespa + -illus + -ō.
De Vaan cites Watkins 1969 for a proposal that the word comes instead from a PIE root for 'clothing' or 'shroud' and is cognate to Hittite [script needed] (wašpaš, “clothes”).


paragoge

la-noun

paragōgē f (genitive paragōgēs); first declension

paragōgē (canonical feminine)
paragōgēs (genitive)
paragōgē (nominative singular)
paragōgae (nominative plural)
paragōgēs (genitive singular)
paragōgārum (genitive plural)
paragōgae (dative singular)
paragōgīs (dative plural)
paragōgēn (accusative singular)
paragōgās (accusative plural)
paragōgē (ablative singular)
paragōgīs (ablative plural)
paragōgē (singular vocative)
paragōgae (plural vocative)

[päräˈɡoːɡeː]

[päräˈɡɔːd͡ʒe]

From Ancient Greek παραγωγή (paragōgḗ, “derivation, addition”).


censor

la-noun

cēnsor m (genitive cēnsōris); third declension

cēnsor (canonical masculine)
cēnsōris (genitive)
cēnsor (nominative singular)
cēnsōrēs (nominative plural)
cēnsōris (genitive singular)
cēnsōrum (genitive plural)
cēnsōrī (dative singular)
cēnsōribus (dative plural)
cēnsōrem (accusative singular)
cēnsōrēs (accusative plural)
cēnsōre (ablative singular)
cēnsōribus (ablative plural)
cēnsor (singular vocative)
cēnsōrēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: censor

→ English: censor

→ French: censeur

→ German: Zensor

→ Italian: censore

desc

→ Oscan: 𐌊𐌄𐌄𐌍𐌆𐌔𐌕𐌖𐌓 (keenzstur), 𐌊𐌄𐌍𐌔𐌆𐌖𐌓 (kenszur)

→ Portuguese: censor

→ Romanian: cenzor

→ Russian: це́нзор (cénzor)

→ Spanish: censor

From cēnseō (“I assess, value, judge, tax, etc.”) + -tor (agentive suffix).

af

provincial magistrate with similar duties.

a critic, especially a severe one of morals and society


ancilla

la-noun

ancilla f (genitive ancillae); first declension

ancillae (genitive)
ancilla (nominative singular)
ancillae (nominative plural)
ancillae (genitive singular)
ancillārum (genitive plural)
ancillae (dative singular)
ancillīs (dative plural)
ancillam (accusative singular)
ancillās (accusative plural)
ancillā (ablative singular)
ancillīs (ablative plural)
ancilla (singular vocative)
ancillae (plural vocative)

[än̠ʲˈt͡ʃilːä]

From ancula (“maid”) + -lus (diminutive form).


thorax

thōrax m (genitive thōrācis); third declension

thōrax (canonical masculine)
thōrācis (genitive)
thōrax (nominative singular)
thōrācēs (nominative plural)
thōrācis (genitive singular)
thōrācum (genitive plural)
thōrācī (dative singular)
thōrācibus (dative plural)
thōrācem (accusative singular)
thōrācēs (accusative plural)
thōrāce (ablative singular)
thōrācibus (ablative plural)
thōrax (singular vocative)
thōrācēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: tòrax

→ English: thorax

→ Esperanto: torako

→ French: thorax

→ Galician: tórax

→ German: Thorax

→ Ido: torako

→ Indonesian: toraks

→ Irish: tóracs

→ Italian: torace

→ Romanian: torace

→ Lombard: torax

→ Malay: toraks

→ Occitan: torax

→ Portuguese: tórax, torace

→ Russian: то́ракс (tóraks)

→ Slovene: toraks

→ Spanish: tórax

→ Swedish: thorax

From Ancient Greek θώραξ (thṓrax, “a breastplate, cuirass, corslet”).


urna

la-noun

ūrna f (genitive ūrnae); first declension

ūrna (canonical feminine)
ūrnae (genitive)
ūrna (nominative singular)
ūrnae (nominative plural)
ūrnae (genitive singular)
ūrnārum (genitive plural)
ūrnae (dative singular)
ūrnīs (dative plural)
ūrnam (accusative singular)
ūrnās (accusative plural)
ūrnā (ablative singular)
ūrnīs (ablative plural)
ūrna (singular vocative)
ūrnae (plural vocative)

Asturian: urna

Catalan: urna

English: urn, urna

Esperanto: urno

French: urne

Galician: urna

Georgian: ურნა (urna)

German: Urne

Italian: urna

Norwegian: urne (Bokmål), urne (Nynorsk)

Portuguese: urna

Romanian: urnă

Russian: у́рна (úrna)

Spanish: urna

Typically derived from ūrō (“burn, singe”), in reference to the firing of the clay in their creation.

(chiefly historical) ballot box, particularly the urns used in gathering Roman ballots under the Republic


IHS

The reference to Jesus is from the first three letters of Jesus' name in Koine Greek, ΙΗΣΟΥΣ (IĒSOuS), arising perhaps circa 14th century. The interpretation as an abbreviation Iesus Hominum Salvator (“Jesus, saviour of men”) is apparently a later back-formation when the Greek was no longer remembered. (See wikipedia Christogram.)

(Christianity) Initialism of Iesus Hominum Salvator (“Jesus Savior of Men)”).

JHC

representing the medieval Greek form of sigma, Ϲ


ordo

ōrdō m (genitive ōrdinis); third declension

ōrdō (canonical masculine)
ōrdinis (genitive)
ōrdō (nominative singular)
ōrdinēs (nominative plural)
ōrdinis (genitive singular)
ōrdinum (genitive plural)
ōrdinī (dative singular)
ōrdinibus (dative plural)
ōrdinem (accusative singular)
ōrdinēs (accusative plural)
ōrdine (ablative singular)
ōrdinibus (ablative plural)
ōrdō (singular vocative)
ōrdinēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: urdin

Romanian: ordin, ordine

Padanian:

Friulian: ordin

Piedmontese: ordo

Romansch: urden, uorden

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: ordine, ordini

Dalmatian: jorden

Italian: ordine

Neapolitan: ordine, urdine

Sicilian: ùrdini, òrdini

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: ordre

French: orne

Occitan: òrde

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: orde

Old Galician-Portuguese: orden, ordin

Galician: orde, engorde

Portuguese: ordem

Spanish: orden

Sardinian:

Campidanese: òrdini, òldini

Logudorese: òrdine, òldine

Borrowed:

→ Albanian: urdhër

→ Breton: urzh

desc

→ Bulgarian: орден (orden), ордер (order)

→ Danish: orden, ordning, ordre

→ Dutch: orde, order

→ Indonesian: orde

→ English: ordo

→ Esperanto: ordeno, ordino, ordo, ordono

Ido: ordeno, ordino, ordo

→ French: ordo

→ German: Orden, Order, ordern, Ordnung, Ordo

→ Hunsrik: Orde

→ Indonesian: ordo

→ Interlingua: ordine

→ Irish: ord

→ Italian: ordo

→ Norwegian: orden, ordning, ordre

→ Old French: ordre, ordne, ordene

Middle French: ordre

French: ordre

→ Middle English: ordre

English: order

→ Polish: order, ordynek

→ Russian: орден (orden), ордер (order)

→ Scottish Gaelic: òrdaich, òrdugh

→ Swahili: oda

→ Swedish: orden, order, ordning

→ Ukrainian: орден (orden), ордер (order)

→ Welsh: urdd

From Proto-Italic *ordō (“row, order”); the initial ō- is a secondary development. Probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂or-dʰ-Hō, from *h₂er- (“to fit together”), whence also artus (“joint, limb”).

(military) A rank or line of soldiers; band, troop, company

(military) command, captaincy, generalship


ius gentium

la-noun

iūs gentium n sg (genitive iūris gentium); third declension

iūs gentium (canonical neuter singular)
iūris gentium (genitive)
iūs gentium (nominative singular)
iūris gentium (genitive singular)
iūrī gentium (dative singular)
iūs gentium (accusative singular)
iūre gentium (ablative singular)
iūs gentium (singular vocative)

→ English: jus gentium

→ English: law of nations (calque)

→ French: droit des gens (calque)


sambuca

sambūca f (genitive sambūcae); first declension

sambūca (canonical feminine)
sambūcae (genitive)
sambūca (nominative singular)
sambūcae (nominative plural)
sambūcae (genitive singular)
sambūcārum (genitive plural)
sambūcae (dative singular)
sambūcīs (dative plural)
sambūcam (accusative singular)
sambūcās (accusative plural)
sambūcā (ablative singular)
sambūcīs (ablative plural)
sambūca (singular vocative)
sambūcae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek σαμβύκη (sambúkē, “sambuca”), loaned from Aramaic סַבְּכָא (sabbəḵā).


dominatrix

la-noun

dominātrīx f (genitive dominātrīcis, masculine dominātor); third declension

dominātrīx (canonical feminine)
dominātrīcis (genitive)
dominātor (masculine)
dominātrīx (nominative singular)
dominātrīcēs (nominative plural)
dominātrīcis (genitive singular)
dominātrīcum (genitive plural)
dominātrīcī (dative singular)
dominātrīcibus (dative plural)
dominātrīcem (accusative singular)
dominātrīcēs (accusative plural)
dominātrīce (ablative singular)
dominātrīcibus (ablative plural)
dominātrīx (singular vocative)
dominātrīcēs (plural vocative)


amator

amātor m (genitive amātōris, feminine amātrīx); third declension

amātor (canonical masculine)
amātōris (genitive)
amātrīx (feminine)
amātor (nominative singular)
amātōrēs (nominative plural)
amātōris (genitive singular)
amātōrum (genitive plural)
amātōrī (dative singular)
amātōribus (dative plural)
amātōrem (accusative singular)
amātōrēs (accusative plural)
amātōre (ablative singular)
amātōribus (ablative plural)
amātor (singular vocative)
amātōrēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: amador

→ French: amateur (see there for further descendants)

Italian: amatore

Old French: ameor

Portuguese: amador

Romanian: amator

Spanish: amador

From amō (“love”, verb) + -tor (agent suffix).


proscenium

la-noun

proscēnium n (genitive proscēniī or proscēnī); second declension

proscēnium (canonical neuter)
proscēniī (genitive)
proscēnī (genitive)
proscēnium (nominative singular)
proscēnia (nominative plural)
proscēniī (genitive singular)
proscēnī (genitive singular)
proscēniōrum (genitive plural)
proscēniō (dative singular)
proscēniīs (dative plural)
proscēnium (accusative singular)
proscēnia (accusative plural)
proscēniō (ablative singular)
proscēniīs (ablative plural)
proscēnium (singular vocative)
proscēnia (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: prosceni (learned)

→ English: proscenium

French: proscénium

Italian: proscenio

From Ancient Greek προσκήνιον (proskḗnion), from πρό (pró, “before”) + σκηνή (skēnḗ, “scene building”).


Esdras

la-proper noun

Esdrās m sg (genitive Esdrae); first declension

Esdrās (canonical masculine singular)
Esdrae (genitive)
Esdrās (nominative singular)
Esdrae (genitive singular)
Esdrae (dative singular)
Esdrān (accusative singular)
Esdrā (ablative singular)
Esdrā (singular vocative)

English: Esdras

[ˈɛs̠d̪räːs̠]


capitale

la-noun

capitāle n (genitive capitālis); third declension

capitāle (canonical neuter)
capitālis (genitive)
capitāle (nominative singular)
capitālia (nominative plural)
capitālis (genitive singular)
capitālium (genitive plural)
capitālī (dative singular)
capitālibus (dative plural)
capitāle (accusative singular)
capitālia (accusative plural)
capitālī (ablative singular)
capitālibus (ablative plural)
capitāle (singular vocative)
capitālia (plural vocative)

(Medieval Latin, finance) capital (money)


auditorium

audītōrium n (genitive audītōriī or audītōrī); second declension

audītōrium (canonical neuter)
audītōriī (genitive)
audītōrī (genitive)
audītōrium (nominative singular)
audītōria (nominative plural)
audītōriī (genitive singular)
audītōrī (genitive singular)
audītōriōrum (genitive plural)
audītōriō (dative singular)
audītōriīs (dative plural)
audītōrium (accusative singular)
audītōria (accusative plural)
audītōriō (ablative singular)
audītōriīs (ablative plural)
audītōrium (singular vocative)
audītōria (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: auditori

→ English: auditorium

→ French: auditoire, auditorium

→ Galician: auditorio

→ Italian: auditorio

→ Portuguese: auditório

→ Romanian: auditoriu

→ Russian: аудито́рия (auditórija)

→ Spanish: auditorio, auditórium

Nominalized neuter form of the adjective audītōrius (“relating to a hearer or hearing”); equivalent to audītor (“hearer”) + -ium (nominal suffix) or audiō (“to hear, listen to”) + -tōrium (suffix forming nouns denoting places).

af

[äu̯d̪iːˈt̪oːriʊ̃ˑ]

(law) a hearing of a cause at law, a judicial examination


cryptoporticus

la-noun

cryptoporticus f (genitive cryptoporticūs); fourth declension

cryptoporticūs (genitive)
cryptoporticus (nominative singular)
cryptoporticūs (nominative plural)
cryptoporticūs (genitive singular)
cryptoporticuum (genitive plural)
cryptoporticuī (dative singular)
cryptoporticibus (dative plural)
cryptoporticum (accusative singular)
cryptoporticūs (accusative plural)
cryptoporticū (ablative singular)
cryptoporticibus (ablative plural)
cryptoporticus (singular vocative)
cryptoporticūs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek κρυπτός (kruptós, “concealed, hidden”) + -o- + porticus.


Decima

la-proper noun

Decima f (genitive Decimae, masculine Decimus); first declension

Decimae (genitive)
Decimus (masculine)
Decima (nominative singular)
Decimae (nominative plural)
Decimae (genitive singular)
Decimārum (genitive plural)
Decimae (dative singular)
Decimīs (dative plural)
Decimam (accusative singular)
Decimās (accusative plural)
Decimā (ablative singular)
Decimīs (ablative plural)
Decima (singular vocative)
Decimae (plural vocative)

[ˈd̪ɛːt͡ʃimä]

(Roman mythology) Decima, the goddess that presides over accouchements


testis

la-noun

testis m or f (genitive testis); third declension

testis (genitive)
testis (nominative singular)
testēs (nominative plural)
testis (genitive singular)
testium (genitive plural)
testī (dative singular)
testibus (dative plural)
testem (accusative singular)
testēs (accusative plural)
testīs (accusative plural)
teste (ablative singular)
testibus (ablative plural)
testis (singular vocative)
testēs (plural vocative)

→ Italian: teste (learned)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *tɨst

Middle Welsh: tyst

Welsh: tyst

[ˈt̪ɛs̠t̪ɪs̠]

For *terstis, from Proto-Italic *tristos, from Proto-Indo-European *tristh₂s ("a third party standing", after the two parties to a contract or dispute), from *tréyes (“three”) and *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare Oscan trstus (“witnesses”, nominative plural).


Hecate

la-proper noun

Hecatē f sg (genitive Hecatēs); first declension

Hecatē (canonical feminine singular)
Hecatēs (genitive)
Hecatē (nominative singular)
Hecatēs (genitive singular)
Hecatae (dative singular)
Hecatēn (accusative singular)
Hecatē (ablative singular)
Hecatē (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Hecate; daughter of the Titan Perses and Titaness Asteria (sister of Latona); the presider over enchantments, conjurations; a goddess of magic, the night moon, the underworld, and of the haunted crossroad; variously conflated with Roman deities Diana Trivia (crossroads), Luna (moonlight), and Proserpina (Hades)


Epimetheus

Epimētheus m sg (genitive Epimētheī or Epimētheos); second declension

Epimētheus (canonical masculine singular)
Epimētheī (genitive)
Epimētheos (genitive)
Epimētheus (nominative singular)
Epimētheī (genitive singular)
Epimētheos (genitive singular)
Epimētheō (dative singular)
Epimētheum (accusative singular)
Epimēthea (accusative singular)
Epimētheō (ablative singular)
Epimētheu (singular vocative)

[ɛpɪˈmeːt̪ʰɛu̯s̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐπιμηθεύς (Epimētheús).


missio

la-noun

missiō f (genitive missiōnis); third declension

missiō (canonical feminine)
missiōnis (genitive)
missiō (nominative singular)
missiōnēs (nominative plural)
missiōnis (genitive singular)
missiōnum (genitive plural)
missiōnī (dative singular)
missiōnibus (dative plural)
missiōnem (accusative singular)
missiōnēs (accusative plural)
missiōne (ablative singular)
missiōnibus (ablative plural)
missiō (singular vocative)
missiōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: messió, → missió

→ English: mission

desctree

French: mission
→ Romanian: misiune
→ Turkish: misyon

German: Mission

Italian: missione

→ Polish: misja

Portuguese: missão

→ Russian: миссия (missija)

Spanish: misión

[…] dum ne quem militem legeret ex eo numero quibus senatus missionem reditumque in patriam negasset ante belli finem.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1

[…] provided he did not choose any soldier from those to whom the Senate had refused discharge and a return home before the end of the war


Vesta

la-proper noun

Vesta f (genitive Vestae); first declension

Vestae (genitive)
Vesta (nominative singular)
Vestae (nominative plural)
Vestae (genitive singular)
Vestārum (genitive plural)
Vestae (dative singular)
Vestīs (dative plural)
Vestam (accusative singular)
Vestās (accusative plural)
Vestā (ablative singular)
Vestīs (ablative plural)
Vesta (singular vocative)
Vestae (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *Westā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell, reside, live in”); see also Ancient Greek Ἑστία (Hestía), Old High German wesan (“to be”), Gothic wisan, Sanskrit वसति (vasati, “to abide, to dwell”).

cog

cur sit virginibus, quæris, dea culta ministris? / inveniam causas hac quoque parte suas. / ex Ope Iunonem memorant Cereremque creatas / semine Saturni; tertia Vesta fuit. / utraque nupserunt, ambæ peperisse feruntur; / de tribus impatiens restitit una viri.

(Roman mythology, religion) Vesta, goddess of the hearth and the household, equivalent to Greek Hestia.


pars

la-noun

pars f (genitive partis); third declension

partis (genitive)
pars (nominative singular)
partēs (nominative plural)
partis (genitive singular)
partium (genitive plural)
partī (dative singular)
partibus (dative plural)
partem (accusative singular)
partim (accusative singular)
partēs (accusative plural)
partīs (accusative plural)
parte (ablative singular)
partī (ablative singular)
partibus (ablative plural)
pars (singular vocative)
partēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: parti, parte

Catalan: part

Dalmatian: puart

Old French: part

French: part

→ English: part (partly; also from Old English)

i

from the Old French plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">pars</i>

→ English: parse (from the Old French plural pars)

Friulian: part

Galician: parte

Irish: páirt

Italian: parte

Ladin: part, pert

Megleno-Romanian: parti

Occitan: part

Portuguese: parte

Romanian: parte

Romansch: part

Sardinian: parti, parte, palte

Sicilian: parti

Spanish: parte

Swedish: part

Venetan: part, parte

→ Dutch: part

→⇒ English: pars recta

→ Old English: part

English: part (partly; also from Old French)

→ Welsh: parth

From Proto-Italic *partis > parts > pars.
Probably from the same root as pār and portiō. This could be the Proto-Indo-European root *perH- or *per- (“sell, exchange”), which also gave the Ancient Greek πόρνη (pórnē, “prostitute”), and πέρνημι (pérnēmi, “sell”).
Others refer to (the perhaps identical) Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to pass through”), whence Latin porta, portus, parō, pariō, perīculum, experior, Ancient Greek πέρα (péra), πείρω (peírō), πόρος (póros), Proto-Germanic *faraną (“to go, to travel”) and *fērō (“danger”), whence English fare and fear, German fahren and Gefahr.
While keeping the separate root Proto-Indo-European *sperH-, that could also explain Latin parcus, parcō, Ancient Greek σπαρνός (sparnós), English spare.
According to Michiel De Vaan's Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (2008), probably from the same root as pariō.

cog

(theater, in the plural) a part, character

a part, character
a part, function, office, duty

(politics, usually in the plural) a party


Minerva

la-proper noun

Minerva f (genitive Minervae); first declension

Minervae (genitive)
Minerva (nominative singular)
Minervae (nominative plural)
Minervae (genitive singular)
Minervārum (genitive plural)
Minervae (dative singular)
Minervīs (dative plural)
Minervam (accusative singular)
Minervās (accusative plural)
Minervā (ablative singular)
Minervīs (ablative plural)
Minerva (singular vocative)
Minervae (plural vocative)

→ English: Minerva

→ French: Minerve

→ Japanese: ミネルウァ (Mineruwa) (learned)

→ Portuguese: Minerva

→ Spanish: Minerva

From Etruscan, originally from Proto-Indo-European *menesweh₂, extended from *ménos (“mind”) (Sanskrit मनस् (manas), compare मनस्विन् (manas-vin-, “full of mind or sense”)), from the Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”).


Hercules

Herculēs m sg (genitive Herculis or Herculī); third declension

Herculēs (canonical masculine singular)
Herculis (genitive)
Herculī (genitive)
Herculēs (nominative singular)
Herculēs (nominative plural)
Herculis (genitive singular)
Herculī (genitive singular)
Herculum (genitive plural)
Herculī (dative singular)
Herculibus (dative plural)
Herculem (accusative singular)
Herculēs (accusative plural)
Hercule (ablative singular)
Herculibus (ablative plural)
Herculē (singular vocative)
Herculēs (singular vocative)
Hercle (singular vocative)
Herculēs (plural vocative)

[ˈhɛrkʊɫ̪eːs̠]

Via the Etruscan 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌂𐌋𐌄 (hercle), from the Ancient Greek Ἡρακλῆς (Hēraklês), apparently cognate of Ἥρα (Hḗra, “Hera”) and, according to Haudry, from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥ (“year, season”) + κλέος (kléos, “glory”).

der

Nē Herculēs quidem contrā/adversus duōs (Μηδ’ Ἡρακλῆς πρὸς δύο).

(Greek mythology) Hercules, Heracles, heroic son of Zeus.


Andromeda

la-proper noun

Andromeda f sg (genitive Andromedae); first declension

Andromedae (genitive)
Andromeda (nominative singular)
Andromedae (genitive singular)
Andromedae (dative singular)
Andromedam (accusative singular)
Andromedā (ablative singular)
Andromeda (singular vocative)

[än̪ˈd̪rɔmɛd̪ä]

[än̪ˈd̪rɔːmed̪ä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀνδρομέδα (Androméda).

(Greek mythology) Andromeda (a daughter of Ethiopian king Cepheus and Cassiopeia)


missa

la-noun

missa f (genitive missae); first declension

missae (genitive)
missa (nominative singular)
missae (nominative plural)
missae (genitive singular)
missārum (genitive plural)
missae (dative singular)
missīs (dative plural)
missam (accusative singular)
missās (accusative plural)
missā (ablative singular)
missīs (ablative plural)
missa (singular vocative)
missae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: meshë

→ Basque: meza

→ Catalan: missa (learned)

Dalmatian: masa

→ Dutch: mis

French: messe

Friulian: messe

Italian: messa

→ Latvian: mesa

Occitan: messa

desctree

→ Old English: mæsse, mæssa
Middle English: messe (in part)
English: Mass, mass
Scots: mess

→ Old High German: missa

Middle High German: messe

German: Messe

→ Japanese: メッセ

→ Polish: msza

Portuguese: missa

Romanian: misă, mesă

Serbo-Croatian: misa

Sardinian: miscia

Spanish: misa

In use by the 6th century. Presumably from the phrase īte missa est (“go, the dismissal is made”) (said by a priest to dismiss the congregation after the service), where missa is Late Latin and Vulgar Latin, for missiō (“dismissal”), from mittō (“to discharge, release”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meytH- (“to change; to exchange; to remove”)) + -tiō (suffix attached to verbs forming nouns relating to actions or their results).
An older derivation (16th century, attributed to Luther) adduced Hebrew מַצָּה (matsá, “unleavened bread; oblation”) (compare English matzo), but this is no longer considered a tenable etymology.

noncog

Omni dominica sex missas facite ("Each Sunday, do six masses") Caesarius of Arles, Regula ad monachos, PL 67, 1102B.

(Ecclesiastical Latin) Mass; Christian eucharistic liturgy


Hermes

la-proper noun

Hermēs m sg (genitive Hermae); first declension

Hermēs (canonical masculine singular)
Hermae (genitive)
Hermēs (nominative singular)
Hermae (nominative plural)
Hermae (genitive singular)
Hermārum (genitive plural)
Hermae (dative singular)
Hermīs (dative plural)
Hermēn (accusative singular)
Hermās (accusative plural)
Hermē (ablative singular)
Hermīs (ablative plural)
Hermē (singular vocative)
Hermae (plural vocative)


Quirinus

Quirīnus m sg (genitive Quirīnī); second declension

Quirīnus (canonical masculine singular)
Quirīnī (genitive)
Quirīnus (nominative singular)
Quirīnī (genitive singular)
Quirīnō (dative singular)
Quirīnum (accusative singular)
Quirīnō (ablative singular)
Quirīne (singular vocative)

English: Quirinus

Italian: Quirino

Portuguese: Quirino

From the Sabine town Curēs, or from quirīs (“citizen”). Falsely derived, some say, from curīs (“spear”) and cūria (“court”).

(Roman mythology) of Romulus after his deification; Quirinus


ius

la-noun

iūs n (genitive iūris); third declension

iūs (canonical neuter)
iūris (genitive)
iūs (nominative singular)
iūra (nominative plural)
iūris (genitive singular)
iūrum (genitive plural)
iūrī (dative singular)
iūribus (dative plural)
iūs (accusative singular)
iūra (accusative plural)
iūre (ablative singular)
iūribus (ablative plural)
iūs (singular vocative)
iūra (plural vocative)

Asturian: xuru

Old Galician-Portuguese: jur

Portuguese: juro

Galician: xuro

Old Spanish: jur

Spanish: juro

→ German: Jura, Jus

→ Italian: gius, giure (learned)

→ Portuguese: jus (learned)

→ Sicilian: jussu (learned)

From Proto-Italic *jowos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-, an extended form of the root *h₂ey- (the source of aevum and iuvenis). Cognate with Sanskrit योस् (yós).

Ius summum saepe summa est malitia.

163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos


fata

la-proper noun

fāta f (genitive fātae); first declension

fāta (canonical feminine)
fātae (genitive)
fāta (nominative singular)
fātae (nominative plural)
fātae (genitive singular)
fātārum (genitive plural)
fātae (dative singular)
fātābus (dative plural)
fātam (accusative singular)
fātās (accusative plural)
fātā (ablative singular)
fātābus (ablative plural)
fāta (singular vocative)
fātae (plural vocative)

From fātum (“destiny, lot, fate”) and fātus (“oracle, prophecy, fate”); derived from verb for (“I speak”) from Proto-Italic *fāōr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti (“to speak”).

der

(Greek mythology) Fate; Moira; goddess who controls destiny; divine personification of fate

(mythology) supernatural being, fairy, fay, deity of fate; divinity of destiny


fata

la-proper noun

fāta n pl (genitive fātōrum); second declension

fāta (canonical neuter plural)
fātōrum (genitive)
fāta (nominative plural)
fātōrum (genitive plural)
fātīs (dative plural)
fāta (accusative plural)
fātīs (ablative plural)
fāta (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *Fāta (see there for further descendants)

(Roman mythology) The Fates; Parcae; gods who control destiny; divine personifications of fate

(mythology) supernatural beings, fairies, fey, deities of fate; divinities of destiny


Diana

Dīāna or Diāna f (genitive Dīānae or Diānae); first declension

Dīāna (canonical)
Diāna (canonical feminine)
Dīānae (genitive)
Diānae (genitive)
Dīāna (nominative singular)
Dīānae (nominative plural)
Dīānae (genitive singular)
Dīānārum (genitive plural)
Dīānae (dative singular)
Dīānīs (dative plural)
Dīānam (accusative singular)
Dīānās (accusative plural)
Dīānā (ablative singular)
Dīānīs (ablative plural)
Dīāna (singular vocative)
Dīānae (plural vocative)
Diāna (nominative singular)
Diānae (nominative plural)
Diānae (genitive singular)
Diānārum (genitive plural)
Diānae (dative singular)
Diānīs (dative plural)
Diānam (accusative singular)
Diānās (accusative plural)
Diānā (ablative singular)
Diānīs (ablative plural)
Diāna (singular vocative)
Diānae (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

Old Latin long i form Dīāna, first-declension noun

Late Latin short i form Diāna, first-declension noun

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: dzãnã, zãnã

Romanian: zână

Old French: gene (“mischievous fairy”)

Sardinian: giàna

West Iberian

Asturian: xana

Galician: xa (“mischievous fairy”)

→? Albanian: zanë

⇒ Neapolitan: janara (“witch”)

→ Belarusian: Дзіяна (Dzijana)

→ Bulgarian: Диана (Diana)

→ Catalan: Diana

→ Coptic: Ⲇⲓⲁⲛⲏ (Dianē)

→ Czech: Diana

→ Danish: Diana

→ Dutch: Diana

→ English: Diana (see there for further descendants)

→ Estonian: Diana

→ Faroese: Diana

→ French: Diane (see there for further descendants)

→ German: Diana

→ Hungarian: Diána

→ Icelandic: Díana

→ Italian: Diana

→ Latvian: Diāna

→ Lithuanian: Diana

→ Macedonian: Дијана (Dijana)

→ Norwegian: Diana

→ Polish: Diana

→ Portuguese: Diana

→ Romani: Teany

→ Romanian: Diana

→ Russian: Диана (Diana)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Дијана, Dijana

→ Slovak: Diana

→ Slovene: Dijana

→ Spanish: Diana

→ Swedish: Diana

→ Ukrainian: Діана (Diana)

Original form with long i Dīāna, derived by syncope from Dīvāna, equivalent to dīvus + -āna; some inscriptions read Deiana or Deana, akin to deus + -āna; both feminine stem words dīva and dea meaning “goddess” derived from Old Latin deiva, from Proto-Italic *deiwā from Proto-Indo-European *deywós from *dyew- (“heaven, day sky; to shine”). See Old Latin Diēspiter, a primitive form of Iuppiter, formed by appending a suffix to Latin diēs, cognate to both dīvus and deus.
Diana is also called Iāna (“Jana”), analogous to procope of Old Latin Diovis into Iovis (“Jove”).
The form Dīviāna occurs in Varro's attempt to explain the etymology of the name, with the now-discredited explanation that "quod luna in altitudinem et latitudinem simul <i>t, Diviana, appellata"; the intention seems to be to derive the name from dēviō (“stray, deviate”), from via (“road”). If Dīviāna was a genuinely used variant form (rather than a hypothetical form proposed as a precursor), it appears to represent a univerbation dīva + Iāna, literally “Goddess Jana”.
Compare Attic Greek Διώνη (Diṓnē), Doric Greek Διώνᾱ (Diṓnā), syncopated from Ancient Greek Διϝωνᾱ (Diwōnā), from a shared root whence by analogical formation also evolved Latin Iūnō, Iūnōnis.

(religion) Diana, the daughter of Latona and Jupiter, and twin sister of Apollo; the goddess of the hunt, associated with wild animals and the forest or wilderness, and an emblem of chastity; the Roman counterpart of Greek goddess Artemis.


agnomen

la-noun

agnōmen n (genitive agnōminis); third declension

agnōmen (canonical neuter)
agnōminis (genitive)
agnōmen (nominative singular)
agnōmina (nominative plural)
agnōminis (genitive singular)
agnōminum (genitive plural)
agnōminī (dative singular)
agnōminibus (dative plural)
agnōmen (accusative singular)
agnōmina (accusative plural)
agnōmine (ablative singular)
agnōminibus (ablative plural)
agnōmen (singular vocative)
agnōmina (plural vocative)

→ English: agnomen

→ Portuguese: agnome

→ Spanish: agnombre

From ad- (“to, towards, at”) + nōmen (“name; title”).


carnificina

carnificīna f (genitive carnificīnae); first declension

carnificīna (canonical feminine)
carnificīnae (genitive)
carnificīna (nominative singular)
carnificīnae (nominative plural)
carnificīnae (genitive singular)
carnificīnārum (genitive plural)
carnificīnae (dative singular)
carnificīnīs (dative plural)
carnificīnam (accusative singular)
carnificīnās (accusative plural)
carnificīnā (ablative singular)
carnificīnīs (ablative plural)
carnificīna (singular vocative)
carnificīnae (plural vocative)

From carnifex (“executioner, tormentor”) + -īna.


Jonathan

[ˈi̯ɔnät̪ʰän]

[ˈjɔːnät̪än]


hasta

la-noun

hasta f (genitive hastae); first declension

hastae (genitive)
hasta (nominative singular)
hastae (nominative plural)
hastae (genitive singular)
hastārum (genitive plural)
hastae (dative singular)
hastīs (dative plural)
hastam (accusative singular)
hastās (accusative plural)
hastā (ablative singular)
hastīs (ablative plural)
hasta (singular vocative)
hastae (plural vocative)

Catalan: ast

Corsican: asta

Friulian: aste

Galician: hasta

Italian: asta

Lombard: asta

Old French: haste

Piedmontese: asta

Portuguese: hasta, haste

Spanish: asta

Disputed. Usually conjectured to be from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰasto- or *ǵʰasdʰo- (“branch ~ spear, sharp spine”) (see below for Indo-European cognates), but the phonetics are problematic. Likely of ultimately non-Indo-European substrate origin.
Cognates include Irish gad (“withe”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃 (gazds, “spine, aculeus”) and Old Norse gaddr (“spear, goad”) (loaned into English as gad); the Celtic and Germanic forms point to a PIE pre-form *ǵʰasdʰo-. A relationship with Sanskrit हस्त (hasta, “hand”) (see hir) is unlikely. A relationship with Albanian heshtë, ushtë and shtijë (all meaning “spear”) is uncertain.
Also compared to Umbrian 𐌇𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (hostatu, acc.pl.m.), 𐌇𐌏𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌓 (hostatir, dat.pl.m), of unknown meaning, but the root vowel /o/ does not match the Latin /a/.

Petere aliquem hastā.

Victumne putāstī / Thēsea, dīre Creōn? Adsum, nec sanguine fessum / crēde; sitit meritōs etiamnum haec hasta cruōrēs.

c. 45 CE – 96 CE, Statius, Thebaid 12.593–595

Did you think Theseus is defeated, cruel Creon? I am here, and do not believe I'm tired of blood, even my spear is still thirsty for righteous slaughter.

a spear, lance, pike, carried by soldiers and used for thrusting


phallus

phallus m (genitive phallī); second declension

phallī (genitive)
phallus (nominative singular)
phallī (nominative plural)
phallī (genitive singular)
phallōrum (genitive plural)
phallō (dative singular)
phallīs (dative plural)
phallum (accusative singular)
phallōs (accusative plural)
phallō (ablative singular)
phallīs (ablative plural)
phalle (singular vocative)
phallī (plural vocative)

Asturian: falu

Catalan: fal·lus

→ Czech: falus

→ Dutch: fallus

→ English: phallus

→ French: phallus

Galician: falo

→ German: Phallus

Italian: fallo

→ Occitan: fallus

→ Polish: fallus

→ Portuguese: falo

Romanian: falus (possibly via French)

desc

→ Russian: фа́ллус (fállus), фалл (fall)

→ Serbo-Croatian: falus, фалус

Sicilian: fallu

Spanish: falo

→ Turkish: fallus

[ˈpʰälːʲʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “membrum virile, phallus, or a figure thereof”), likely ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”); compare follis (“sack”).

der

(mythology, religion) an iconic phallic figure of the male member borne in cult processions at a Dionysian orgy or festival of Bacchus as a symbol of the generative power of nature

(figurative, art) phallus; an artistic image of the membrum virile or other figurative representation of the erect penis as an icon representing male sexuality, potency, fertility


dux

la-noun

dux m or f (genitive ducis); third declension

ducis (genitive)
dux (nominative singular)
ducēs (nominative plural)
ducis (genitive singular)
ducum (genitive plural)
ducī (dative singular)
ducibus (dative plural)
ducem (accusative singular)
ducēs (accusative plural)
duce (ablative singular)
ducibus (ablative plural)
dux (singular vocative)
ducēs (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Friulian: dûs

Ligurian: dûxe, Dûxe

Lombard: dus

desctree

Venetan: doxe, Doxe, doze, Doze — non-traditional spelling
→ Italian: doge
→ Arabic: دوج (dōj)
→ Czech: dóže
→ English: doge
→ Esperanto: doĝo
→ Irish: dóg
→ Finnish: doge
→ French: doge
→ German: Doge
→ Ido: dojo
→ Polish: doża
→ Russian: дож (dož)
→ Armenian: դոժ (dož)
→ Azerbaijani: doj
→ Georgian: დოჟი (doži)
→ Kazakh: дож (doj)
→ Ukrainian: дож (dož)
→ Greek: δόγης (dógis)
→ Hungarian: dózse
→ Macedonian: дужд (dužd)
→ Ottoman Turkish: دوژ (doj)
→ Portuguese: doge
→ Romanian: doge
→ Serbo-Croatian: dudž

Borrowed:

desc

→ Ancient Greek: δούξ (doúx, “leader”), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)

Byzantine Greek: δούξ (doúx), δούκα (doúka, acc.sg.)

Greek: δούκας (doúkas, “duke”)

desctree

→ Italian: duca
→ Ottoman Turkish: دوقه (duka)
Turkish: duka

→ Friulian: duche

→ Romanian: ducă ⇒? duce

→ Sicilian: duca

→ Old Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)

Armenian: դուքս (dukʻs)

→ English: dux

→ Italian: duce

→ Occitan: duc

→ Old French: duc (“duke”) ⇒ duchesse f (“duchess”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: dux

From dūcō (“lead”, verb) + -s (noun-forming suffix).


Castor

la-proper noun

Castor m sg (genitive Castoris); third declension

Castoris (genitive)
Castor (nominative singular)
Castoris (genitive singular)
Castorī (dative singular)
Castorem (accusative singular)
Castore (ablative singular)
Castor (singular vocative)

𐌂𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌏𐌓𐌄𐌉:𐌐𐌏𐌃𐌋𐌏𐌖𐌒𐌖𐌄𐌉𐌒𐌖𐌄/𐌒𐌖𐌓𐌏𐌉𐌔

6th or 5th century BCE, Castor-Pollux dedication (image (page 3; requires access to JSTOR); facsimile)