destino

la-verb

dēstinō (present infinitive dēstināre, perfect active dēstināvī, supine dēstinātum); first conjugation

dēstinō (canonical)
dēstināre (infinitive present)
dēstināvī (active perfect)
dēstinātum (supine)
dēstinō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dēstinās (active indicative present second-person singular)
dēstinat (active indicative present singular third-person)
dēstināmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
dēstinātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
dēstinant (active indicative plural present third-person)
dēstinābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dēstinābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dēstinābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dēstinābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dēstinābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dēstinābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dēstinābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
dēstinābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
dēstinābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
dēstinābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
dēstinābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
dēstinābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
dēstināvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dēstināvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstināt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstināvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dēstināmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dēstināvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstināvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstinārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstināveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dēstināram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
dēstināverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dēstinārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
dēstināverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dēstinārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
dēstināverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dēstinārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
dēstināverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dēstinārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
dēstināverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dēstinārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
dēstināverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dēstinārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
dēstināveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
dēstināverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstinārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
dēstināverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dēstinārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
dēstināveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
dēstināverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstinārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
dēstinor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
dēstināris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēstināre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dēstinātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
dēstināmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
dēstināminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dēstinantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dēstinābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
dēstinābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
dēstinābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
dēstinābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
dēstinābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
dēstinābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
dēstināberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
dēstinābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
dēstinābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
dēstinābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
dēstinābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
dēstinem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dēstinēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dēstinētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēstinent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dēstinārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dēstinārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstinārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstināverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dēstinārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
dēstināverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstināverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dēstinārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
dēstināverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstinārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstināverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstināvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dēstināssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
dēstināvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstināvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstināsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstināvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dēstināssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
dēstināvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstināssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstināvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstināssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstiner (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dēstinēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dēstinēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dēstinentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
dēstinārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dēstinārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dēstinārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
dēstinārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dēstinārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dēstinā (active imperative present second-person singular)
dēstināte (active imperative plural present second-person)
dēstinātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
dēstinātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
dēstinātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
dēstinantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
dēstināre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
dēstināminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
dēstinātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
dēstinātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
dēstinantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
dēstināre (active infinitive present)
dēstināvisse (active infinitive perfect)
dēstināsse (active infinitive perfect)
dēstinātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
dēstinārī (infinitive passive present)
dēstinātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
dēstinātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
dēstināns (active participle present)
dēstinātūrus (active future participle)
dēstinātus (participle passive perfect)
dēstinandus (future participle passive)
dēstinandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
dēstinātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
dēstinātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: destinar

Dalmatian: destinur

English: destine

French: destiner

Galician: destinar

Italian: destinare

Occitan: destinar

Portuguese: destinar

Romanian: destina

Sicilian: distinari

Spanish: destinar

From de- + *stanō, the latter an unattested verb from Proto-Italic *stanō, from Proto-Indo-European *stnéh₂ti ~ stn̥h₂énti. Related to stō. Compare obstinō and praestinō from the same stem.


puer

la-noun

puer m (genitive puerī, feminine puera); second declension

puerī (genitive)
puera (feminine)
puer (nominative singular)
puerī (nominative plural)
puerī (genitive singular)
puerōrum (genitive plural)
puerō (dative singular)
puerīs (dative plural)
puerum (accusative singular)
puerōs (accusative plural)
puerō (ablative singular)
puerīs (ablative plural)
puer (singular vocative)
puerī (plural vocative)

desc

→ English: puer, puer aeternus, puerile, puerilism, puerperium, puerility, puerperal, puerperous

→ Ido: puero

⇒ Romanian: prunc

From Proto-Italic *puweros, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂weros, from *peh₂w-. Cognate with Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌂𐌋𐌖𐌌 (puglum), Ancient Greek παῖς (paîs, “boy”).


parma

la-noun

parma f (genitive parmae); first declension

parmae (genitive)
parma (nominative singular)
parmae (nominative plural)
parmae (genitive singular)
parmārum (genitive plural)
parmae (dative singular)
parmīs (dative plural)
parmam (accusative singular)
parmās (accusative plural)
parmā (ablative singular)
parmīs (ablative plural)
parma (singular vocative)
parmae (plural vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: πάρμη (pármē)

Perhaps a back-formation from parmula, dissimilated from palmula, from palma (“hand”), referring to the shield being handheld.
Or, borrowed from a Celtic word.

a parma; a round shield carried by the infantry and cavalry


Daniel

la-proper noun

Dāniēl m sg (genitive Dāniēlis); third declension

Dāniēl (canonical masculine singular)
Dāniēlis (genitive)
Dāniēl (nominative singular)
Dāniēlis (genitive singular)
Dāniēlī (dative singular)
Dāniēlem (accusative singular)
Dāniēle (ablative singular)
Dāniēl (singular vocative)

Albanian: Danjell, Daniell, Daniel

English: Daniel, Dan

Italian: Daniele

Swedish: Daniel

[ˈd̪äːnieːɫ̪]

From the Ancient Greek Δᾱνῑήλ (Dānīḗl), from the Biblical Hebrew דָּנִיֵּאל (Daniyél, “Daniel”, literally “God is [my] judge”).


insula

la-noun

īnsula f (genitive īnsulae); first declension

īnsula (canonical feminine)
īnsulae (genitive)
īnsula (nominative singular)
īnsulae (nominative plural)
īnsulae (genitive singular)
īnsulārum (genitive plural)
īnsulae (dative singular)
īnsulīs (dative plural)
īnsulam (accusative singular)
īnsulās (accusative plural)
īnsulā (ablative singular)
īnsulīs (ablative plural)
īnsula (singular vocative)
īnsulae (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: inssoa, insoa, insua
Galician: insua
Portuguese: ínsua

Rhaeto-Romance:

Romansch: insla

Corsican: isula

Emilian: îsla

Franco-Provençal: ila

Italian: isola

Lombard: isla

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: isla

Old French: isle
Middle French: isle
French: île (see there for further descendants)
Norman: île
Walloon: iye
→ Middle English: yle, ile
English: isle

Neapolitan: isule

Old Occitan: illa, ilha, isla

Occitan: iscla, illa

Old Catalan: illa

Catalan: illa

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: illa, ilha
Galician: illa
Portuguese: ilha (see there for further descendants)
→ Leonese: illa
→ Mirandese: ilha

Old Spanish: isla

Ladino: ísla, ízla

Spanish: isla (see there for further descendants)

→ Asturian: islla, isla

→ Extremaduran: isla

desc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: ysla, yslla, yslha

Piedmontese: isla

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: isule, ìsule

Sardinian: isula

Sicilian: ìsula

Venetan: ixoła, ixola

→ Albanian: ishull

→ English: insula (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *insulā (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: ínsula

→ Romanian: insulă

→ Spanish: ínsula

From Proto-Italic *enselā, of uncertain origin. The relation to similar forms such as Ancient Greek νῆσος (nêsos, “island”) and Proto-Celtic *enistī (“island”) (whence Breton enez, Irish inis and Welsh ynys) is unclear.
Pokorny (1959) tentatively connects it to salum (“the sea”): he posits ellipsis from terra in salō (“land in the sea”) to in (“in”) + salō, invoking the similar Ancient Greek word ἔναλος (énalos, “maritime”). De Vaan considers this derivation phonetically solid, though semantically vague.

insula, a residential or apartment block (usually for the lower class), tenement, apartment building


gymnasium

la-noun

gymnasium n (genitive gymnasiī or gymnasī); second declension

gymnasiī (genitive)
gymnasī (genitive)
gymnasium (nominative singular)
gymnasia (nominative plural)
gymnasiī (genitive singular)
gymnasī (genitive singular)
gymnasiōrum (genitive plural)
gymnasiō (dative singular)
gymnasiīs (dative plural)
gymnasium (accusative singular)
gymnasia (accusative plural)
gymnasiō (ablative singular)
gymnasiīs (ablative plural)
gymnasium (singular vocative)
gymnasia (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: gjimnaz

Catalan: gimnàs

French: gymnase

Galician: ximnasio

→ German: Gymnasium (see there for further descendants)

Italian: ginnasio

Portuguese: ginásio

Romanian: gimnaziu

Spanish: gimnasio

[ɡʏmˈnäs̠iʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek γυμνάσιον (gumnásion, “exercise, school”), from γυμνός (gumnós, “naked”), because Greek athletes trained naked.


radius

la-noun

radius m (genitive radiī or radī); second declension

radiī (genitive)
radī (genitive)
radius (nominative singular)
radiī (nominative plural)
radiī (genitive singular)
radī (genitive singular)
radiōrum (genitive plural)
radiō (dative singular)
radiīs (dative plural)
radium (accusative singular)
radiōs (accusative plural)
radiō (ablative singular)
radiīs (ablative plural)
radie (singular vocative)
radiī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: rreze

Aromanian: aradzã, radzã

Catalan: raig

→? Sardinian: raxu

Dalmatian: rus, ruaz

Old French: rai

French: rai

→ English: ray

Friulian: rai

Galician: raia, raio, raxo

Italian: raggio

Sicilian: raggiu (italianized, palatalized variant)

Mirandese: raio

Mozarabic: ראיה (rʔyh)

Occitan: rai

Portuguese: raia, raio

Romanian: rază

desc

Sardinian: (ar)raju, (ar)rag(g)iu, arràciu, ràdiu

Sicilian: raja

Spanish: raya, rayo, raza

→ Sardinian: razu m, raza f, rasu

Venetan: rajo

→ Welsh: rhaidd

Learned borrowings

→ Catalan: radi

→ Italian: radio

→ English: radius, radio-, radio

→ French: radius

→ Galician: radio

→ German: Radius

→ Portuguese: rádio

→ Romanian: radius

→ Russian: ра́диус (rádius)

→ Sicilian: ràdiu

→ Spanish: radio

Of uncertain origin. Some connect it with rādīx and rāmus. Tucker suggests Proto-Indo-European *neredʰ- (“extend forth, rise, outward”) akin to Sanskrit वर्धते (vardhate, “rise, grow”), or from Ancient Greek ἄρδις (árdis, “sharp point”). May ultimately be from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁t- (“bar, beam, stem”).


altar

la-noun

altar n (genitive altāris); third declension

altāris (genitive)
altar (nominative singular)
altāria (nominative plural)
altāris (genitive singular)
altārium (genitive plural)
altārī (dative singular)
altāribus (dative plural)
altar (accusative singular)
altāria (accusative plural)
altārī (ablative singular)
altāribus (ablative plural)
altar (singular vocative)
altāria (plural vocative)


afflatus

afflātus m (genitive afflātūs); fourth declension

afflātus (canonical masculine)
afflātūs (genitive)
afflātus (nominative singular)
afflātūs (nominative plural)
afflātūs (genitive singular)
afflātuum (genitive plural)
afflātuī (dative singular)
afflātibus (dative plural)
afflātum (accusative singular)
afflātūs (accusative plural)
afflātū (ablative singular)
afflātibus (ablative plural)
afflātus (singular vocative)
afflātūs (plural vocative)

Catalan: aflat

→ English: afflatus

Italian: afflato

Occitan: aflat

Portuguese: aflato

Spanish: aflato

[ˈäfːɫ̪ät̪ʊs̠]

Perfect passive participle of afflō (“I blow, breathe (on or towards)”).

(poetry, religion) afflation (from an inspiring spirit from an unknown source in Cicero; from a divine spirit in a pagan context or from the Holy Spirit in later Christian contexts)


Zeus

la-proper noun

Zeus m sg (genitive Diōs); third declension

Diōs (genitive)
Zeus (nominative singular)
Dios (genitive singular)
Diī (dative singular)
Dia (accusative singular)
Die (?) (ablative singular)
Zeu (singular vocative)

[d̪͡z̪ɛu̯s̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).

Quis ignorat Persarum religiones, in quibus duo illa numina consecrata sunt, lucis alter, alter tenebrarum Deus? Ejusdem notionis vestigia, quamvis obscura, in Graecorum mythologica apparent, ubi in primis celebrantur Ζεύς et Ἅιδης, alter coeli et lucis, alter orci et tenebrarum Deus.

1830, Simon Karsten, Xenophanis Colophonii Carminum Reliquiae De Parmenidis Philosophia.20

Who does not know of the Persian religions, in which two spirits are worshipped, one a god of light, the other of darkness? Traces of the same idea, although obscured, show up in Greek mythology: in its origins, Zeus and Hades are worshipped, one as a god of heaven and light, the other of the underworld and darkness.


Moses

Mōsēs m sg (genitive Mōsis or Mōsī or Mōseī); third declension

Mōsēs (canonical masculine singular)
Mōsis (genitive)
Mōsī (genitive)
Mōseī (genitive)
Mōsēs (nominative singular)
Mōsis (genitive singular)
Mōsī (genitive singular)
Mōseī (genitive singular)
Mōsī (dative singular)
Mōsem (accusative singular)
Mōsēn (accusative singular)
Mōse (ablative singular)
Mōsēs (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Μωσῆς (Mōsês), Μωϋσῆς (Mōüsês), from Biblical Hebrew מֹשֶׁה (moshé).


cubiculum

la-noun

cubiculum n (genitive cubiculī); second declension

cubiculī (genitive)
cubiculum (nominative singular)
cubicula (nominative plural)
cubiculī (genitive singular)
cubiculōrum (genitive plural)
cubiculō (dative singular)
cubiculīs (dative plural)
cubiculum (accusative singular)
cubicula (accusative plural)
cubiculō (ablative singular)
cubiculīs (ablative plural)
cubiculum (singular vocative)
cubicula (plural vocative)

Catalan: cubicle

→ English: cubicle

Galician: acubillo

Portuguese: cubículo

Spanish: cubículo, cobijo

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: kuðugyl

Welsh: cuddygl, cufygl

[kʊˈbɪkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]


abbas

abbās m (genitive abbātis, feminine abbātissa); third declension

abbās (canonical masculine)
abbātis (genitive)
abbātissa (feminine)
abbās (nominative singular)
abbātēs (nominative plural)
abbātis (genitive singular)
abbātum (genitive plural)
abbātī (dative singular)
abbātibus (dative plural)
abbātem (accusative singular)
abbātēs (accusative plural)
abbāte (ablative singular)
abbātibus (ablative plural)
abbās (singular vocative)
abbātēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: abate (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: abbate

Sicilian: abbati

Padanian:

Piedmontese: abà

Romagnol: abêt

Old Occitan:

Catalan: abat

Occitan: abat

West Iberian

Asturian: abá

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: abade
Galician: abade
Portuguese: abade

Old Spanish: abbat, abad

Spanish: abad (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings

→ Crimean Tatar: abbat

→ Danish: abbed

→ Finnish: apotti

→ Georgian: აბატი (abaṭi)

→ Indonesian: abbas

→ Latvian: abats

→ Lithuanian: abatas

→ Middle Dutch: abbet

Dutch: abt
Afrikaans: ab

→ Old English: abbat, abbod

Middle English: abbot, abbod

English: abbot
Gullah: aabut

→ Old Norse: ábóti

Icelandic: ábóti

Norwegian: abbed

→ Old French: abbet (see there for further descendants)

→ Old High German: abbāt

Middle High German: abbāt

German: Abt

Luxembourgish: Abt

→ Hungarian: apát

→ Czech: opat
→ Polish: opat

→ Macedonian: опат (opat)

→ Serbo-Croatian: опат

→ Slovak: opát

→ Slovene: opat

→ Ukrainian: опат (opat)

→ Old Irish: ap (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Norse: abbati

Faroese: abbati

→ Old Saxon: *abbat

Middle Low German: abbet, abt

→ Old Swedish: abbot

Swedish: abbot

→ Proto-Brythonic: *abad

Breton: abad

Cornish: abas

Middle Welsh: abat

Welsh: abad

→ West Frisian: abt

From Ancient Greek ἀββα, ἀββᾶς (abba, abbâs, “father or abbot”), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”).


avus

la-noun

avus m (genitive avī); second declension

avī (genitive)
avus (nominative singular)
avī (nominative plural)
avī (genitive singular)
avōrum (genitive plural)
avō (dative singular)
avīs (dative plural)
avum (accusative singular)
avōs (accusative plural)
avō (ablative singular)
avīs (ablative plural)
ave (singular vocative)
avī (plural vocative)

⇒ Aromanian: aush

Catalan: avi

Spanish: abuelo

French: aïeul

Lombard: av, ev

Italian: avo

⇒ Romanian: auș

Sardinian: abu, àviu, avu

Sicilian: avu

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os (“grandfather, uncle”).

inh

… māternō veniēns ab avō Cyllēnia prōlēs.

[... Mercury, that] child of [Mount] Cyllene, approaching from [the mountain of] his maternal grandfather, [Atlas].
(Mount Atlas is personified as the Titan Atlas, father of Maia, the mother of Mercury, who was born on Mount Cyllene.)


rex

la-noun

rēx m (genitive rēgis, feminine rēgīna); third declension

rēx (canonical masculine)
rēgis (genitive)
rēgīna (feminine)
rēx (nominative singular)
rēgēs (nominative plural)
rēgis (genitive singular)
rēgum (genitive plural)
rēgī (dative singular)
rēgibus (dative plural)
rēgem (accusative singular)
rēgēs (accusative plural)
rēge (ablative singular)
rēgibus (ablative plural)
rēx (singular vocative)
rēgēs (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

ra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: rè

Italian: re
→ Maltese: re

Neapolitan: rré

Sicilian: re, reji

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: rà

Old Lombard: rex

Lombard: rè, re

Piedmontese: rèj

Friulian: re

Ladin: re

Ligurian: re

Romansch: retg, raig, rai

Venetan: re

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: rê

desctree

Old French: roi, rex, rei, rai, roy
Middle French: roy
French: roi, roy (obsolete) (pre-1800)
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa
Norman:
Continental Normandy: rai, ré, rey
Guernsey: ré, roué
Jersey: rouai
Sark: rwe
Walloon: roy, rwè
→ Middle English: roy, roye
English: roy

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: rei, rey

Catalan: rei

Old Occitan: rei
Occitan: rei, rèi

Ibero-Romance:

Navarro-Aragonese: rei, rey

Aragonese: rei

Old Leonese: rei, rey, re

Asturian: rei, reye

Leonese: rei

Mirandese: rei

Old Galician-Portuguese: rei
Fala: rei
Galician: rei
Portuguese: rei (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: rey
Ladino: rey
Spanish: rey
Chavacano: rey
Papiamentu: rey
→ San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo: rey

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: re, rei

→ Albanian: regj

→ Basque: errege

→ English: rex, Rex

→ Esperanto: reĝo

→ Koine Greek: ῥήξ (rhḗx)

→ Greek: ρήγας (rígas)

→ Albanian: rig

→ Romanian: rigă

→ Ido: rejo

→ Interlingua: rege

→ Italian: rege

→ Romanian: rege

→? Sicilian: reghi

desc

→⇒ Translingual: Balaeniceps rex, Tyrannosaurus rex

→ Volapük: reg

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs
Proto-Italic *rēks
Latin rēx
From Proto-Italic *rēks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king, ruler”). Cognates include Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan, “king”) and Old Irish rí (“king”).

etymon

rēx

inh

(derogatory) despot, tyrant (during the time of the Republic when there were no kings and executive power was usually divided)


nanus

la-noun

nānus m (genitive nānī); second declension

nānus (canonical masculine)
nānī (genitive)
nānus (nominative singular)
nānī (nominative plural)
nānī (genitive singular)
nānōrum (genitive plural)
nānō (dative singular)
nānīs (dative plural)
nānum (accusative singular)
nānōs (accusative plural)
nānō (ablative singular)
nānīs (ablative plural)
nāne (singular vocative)
nānī (plural vocative)

Asturian: nanu

Catalan: nan

→ English: nano-

French: nain

Galician: anano

Italian: nano

Portuguese: anão

Romanian: nan

Sardinian: nanu

Sicilian: nanu

Spanish: enano

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νᾶνος (nânos, “dwarf”).


pater

la-noun

pater m (genitive patris); third declension

patris (genitive)
pater (nominative singular)
patrēs (nominative plural)
patris (genitive singular)
patrum (genitive plural)
patrī (dative singular)
patribus (dative plural)
patrem (accusative singular)
patrēs (accusative plural)
patre (ablative singular)
patribus (ablative plural)
pater (singular vocative)
patrēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan: pate

Old Italian: patre

Italian: padre
→ English: padre

Sicilian: patri

Western Romance:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: pèder, pär

Ligurian: paire, poæ

Old Lombard: patre

Lombard: pader, pare

desc

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: patr′, paddö, pà, pätri

Piedmontese: pare, peri

Venetan: pare

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pâre

desctree

Old French: pere, pedre
Bourguignon: peire
Middle French: pere
French: père
→ Dutch: pere
→ English: père
Norman: père, pére, péthe
Walloon: pere

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese:

Asturian: pá, pai, padre

Extremaduran: pairi

Leonese: pai

Mirandese: pai

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: pai

Old Galician-Portuguese: padre
Galician: padre
Portuguese: padre (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Old Galician-Portuguese: pay
Galician: pai
Portuguese: pai (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: padre

Ladino:

Hebrew script: פאדרי

Latin script: padre

Spanish: padre
→ Chinese: 巴禮／巴礼
→ Classical Nahuatl: padre
→ English: padre
→ Mecayapan Nahuatl: pa̱lej
→ Tagalog: pari

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: paire
Occitan: paire

Catalan: pare

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pari

Romansch: pader

→ Dutch: pater

→ English: pater
Tok Pisin: pater

→ Romanian: pater

→ Welsh: pader

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-?
Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr?
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr
Proto-Italic *patēr
Latin pater
From Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr. As a titular suffix, shares cognate roots with Old Latin Diēspiter (“Father Jove”), Latin Iuppiter (“Jupiter”).


ars

la-noun

ars f (genitive artis); third declension

artis (genitive)
ars (nominative singular)
artēs (nominative plural)
artis (genitive singular)
artium (genitive plural)
artī (dative singular)
artibus (dative plural)
artem (accusative singular)
artēs (accusative plural)
artīs (accusative plural)
arte (ablative singular)
artibus (ablative plural)
ars (singular vocative)
artēs (plural vocative)

Corsican: arte

Extremaduran: arti

Franco-Provençal: ârt

→ German: lege artis

Italian: arte

Ligurian: arte

Lombard: aart

Neapolitan: arte

desctree

Old French: art
Middle French: art
French: art
Haitian Creole: la (< l'art)
Icelandic: art (f)
Norman: art
Walloon: årt
→ Middle English: art
English: art
Jamaican Creole: aat
Tok Pisin: at
→ Japanese: アート (āto)
Scots: airt

Old Leonese:

Asturian: arte

Mirandese: arte

Old Occitan:

Catalan: art

Occitan: art

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: arte

Portuguese: arte

Old Spanish:

Ladino:

Hebrew script: ארטי

Latin script: arte

Spanish: arte
→ Basque: arte
→ Hiligaynon: arte
→ Ilocano: arte
→ Tagalog: arte
→ Waray-Waray: arte

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: art

Ladin: ert

Sardinian: arti

Sicilian: arti

→ Maltese: arti

Venetan: arte

→ Albanian: art

→ Aromanian: artâ

→ Breton: arz

→ Cornish: art

→ Romanian: artă

From Proto-Italic *artis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”).
Cognates include Avestan 𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (ər^əta, “truth, right”), which in turn descends from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás, and Ancient Greek ἄρτι (árti, “just, exactly”). Related to arma.

cog

Omnis ars nātūrae imitātiō est.

63 CE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Mōrālēs ad Lūcīlium 65.3


drama

la-noun

drāma n (genitive drāmatis); third declension

drāma (canonical neuter)
drāmatis (genitive)
drāma (nominative singular)
drāmata (nominative plural)
drāmatis (genitive singular)
drāmatum (genitive plural)
drāmatī (dative singular)
drāmatibus (dative plural)
drāma (accusative singular)
drāmata (accusative plural)
drāmate (ablative singular)
drāmatibus (ablative plural)
drāma (singular vocative)
drāmata (plural vocative)

→ Belarusian: дра́ма (dráma)

→ Catalan: drama

→ Czech: drama

→ Dutch: drama
→ Indonesian: drama

desctree

→ English: drama
→ Arabic: دْرَامَا (drāmā)
Gulf Arabic: دْراما (drāma)
→ Cebuano: drama
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ड्रामा (ḍrāmā)
Urdu: ڈراما (ḍrāmā)
→ Japanese: ドラマ (dorama)
→ Korean: 드라마 (deurama)
→ Malay: drama
→ Punjabi: ਡ੍ਰਾਮਾ (ḍrāmā)

→ Finnish: draama

→ French: drame

→ German: Drama

→ Hungarian: dráma

→ Icelandic: drama

→ Irish: dráma

→ Macedonian: драма (drama)

→ Norwegian: drama

→ Polish: dramat

→ Portuguese: drama

→ Romanian: dramă

→ Russian: дра́ма (dráma)

→ Serbo-Croatian: дра̏ма / drȁma

→ Spanish: drama

→ Swedish: drama

→ Ukrainian: дра́ма (dráma)

→ Welsh: drama

→ Yiddish: דראַמע (drame) (through some Romance language)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δρᾶμα (drâma, “an act, a theatrical act, a play”).


frater

la-noun

frāter m (genitive frātris); third declension

frāter (canonical masculine)
frātris (genitive)
frāter (nominative singular)
frātrēs (nominative plural)
frātris (genitive singular)
frātrum (genitive plural)
frātrī (dative singular)
frātribus (dative plural)
frātrem (accusative singular)
frātrēs (accusative plural)
frātre (ablative singular)
frātribus (ablative plural)
frāter (singular vocative)
frātrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: frati, frate

Istro-Romanian: fråte

Romanian: frate

Dalmatian:

frutro

Italo-Romance:

Italian: frate
→ English: fra

Neapolitan: frate

Sicilian: frati

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: frade

North Italian:

Friulian: fradi

Istriot: fra

Old Piedmontese: frère, frer

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: frær

Old Ligurian: frae

Ligurian: fræ, frai

Lombard: frar

Romansch: frar

desc

Venetan: frade, brade (influenced by germanic)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: frâre

Old French: frere (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: frare

Old Occitan: fraire (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: frade

Galician: frade

Portuguese: frade

Old Spanish: fradre, frade (early)

Borrowings:

→? Albanian: frat

→ Dutch: frater (learned)

→ Indonesian: frater

→ English: frater (learned)

→ German: Frater (learned)

From Proto-Italic *frātēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


bes

la-noun

bes m (genitive bessis); third declension

bessis (genitive)
bes (nominative singular)
bessēs (nominative plural)
bessis (genitive singular)
bessium (genitive plural)
bessī (dative singular)
bessibus (dative plural)
bessem (accusative singular)
bessēs (accusative plural)
bessīs (accusative plural)
besse (ablative singular)
bessibus (ablative plural)
bes (singular vocative)
bessēs (plural vocative)

From a derivative of *duō (“two”) (compare bis) + as.


uxor

uxor f (genitive uxōris); third declension

uxōris (genitive)
uxor (nominative singular)
uxōrēs (nominative plural)
uxōris (genitive singular)
uxōrum (genitive plural)
uxōrī (dative singular)
uxōribus (dative plural)
uxōrem (accusative singular)
uxōrēs (accusative plural)
uxōre (ablative singular)
uxōribus (ablative plural)
uxor (singular vocative)
uxōrēs (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: oissor, oissour, uissor, usor
Middle French: oisour (early)

⇒ Aromanian: ãnsor

⇒ Romanian: însura

→ Interlingua: uxor

desc

→⇒ English: uxoricide, uxorious, uxorial

From Proto-Italic *uksōr which is of unknown origin. Possibly cognate with Old Armenian ամուսին (amusin). Alternatively a cognate to Latvian uõsis (“father-in-law”), Lithuanian uošvė (“mother-in-law”) and Ossetian ус (us, “woman”).


alumnus

la-noun

alumnus m (genitive alumnī, feminine alumna); second declension

alumnī (genitive)
alumna (feminine)
alumnus (nominative singular)
alumnī (nominative plural)
alumnī (genitive singular)
alumnōrum (genitive plural)
alumnō (dative singular)
alumnīs (dative plural)
alumnum (accusative singular)
alumnōs (accusative plural)
alumnō (ablative singular)
alumnīs (ablative plural)
alumne (singular vocative)
alumnī (plural vocative)

English: alumnus

Catalan: alumne

Italian: alunno

Portuguese: aluno

Romanian: alumn

Spanish: alumno

[äˈɫ̪ʊmnʊs̠]

* From Proto-Italic *alomanos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-o-mh₁no- (“being nourished”), mediopassive participle (see *-mh₁nos) of *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”) (whence alō).
* Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”) + *-mno- (see *-mn̥).

der

pervenit ad Cranēn et rem docet, illa ‘timōrem
pōne: tuus sospes’ dīxit ‘alumnus erit.’
She comes to Cranê and tells her what has happened; [and to] that, Cranê replies: “Put fear aside; your nursling will be unharmed.”
(A nurse-maid summons Cranê’s aid because a baby has been attacked by striges; however, Ovid in these verses conflates names and mythologies: see Cardea.)


aquaeductus

la-noun

aquaeductus m (genitive aquaeductūs); fourth declension

aquaeductūs (genitive)
aquaeductus (nominative singular)
aquaeductūs (nominative plural)
aquaeductūs (genitive singular)
aquaeductuum (genitive plural)
aquaeductuī (dative singular)
aquaeductibus (dative plural)
aquaeductum (accusative singular)
aquaeductūs (accusative plural)
aquaeductū (ablative singular)
aquaeductibus (ablative plural)
aquaeductus (singular vocative)
aquaeductūs (plural vocative)

Late Latin: aquiductus (see there for further descendants)

→ Catalan: aqüeducte

→ English: aqueduct

→ French: aqueduc

→? Friulian: acuidot

→ Italian: acquedotto

→ Polish: akwedukt

→ Portuguese: aqueduto

→ Romanian: apeduct

→ Russian: акведу́к (akvedúk)

→ Spanish: acueducto

[äkʷäe̯ˈd̪ʊkt̪ʊs̠]

From aquae + ductus, lit. "conducting of water".

(law) the right to conduct water across or from another's land to one's own land by means of pipes, trenches, or canals


centaurus

centaurus m (genitive centaurī); second declension

centaurī (genitive)
centaurus (nominative singular)
centaurī (nominative plural)
centaurī (genitive singular)
centaurōrum (genitive plural)
centaurō (dative singular)
centaurīs (dative plural)
centaurum (accusative singular)
centaurōs (accusative plural)
centaurō (ablative singular)
centaurīs (ablative plural)
centaure (singular vocative)
centaurī (plural vocative)

Catalan: centaure

English: centaur

French: centaure

Galician: centauro

Italian: centauro

Portuguese: centauro

Romanian: centaur

Spanish: centauro

[kɛn̪ˈt̪äu̯rʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek κένταυρος (kéntauros, “centaur”), from Κένταυρος (Kéntauros, “a savage race, dwelling between Pelion and Ossa”).


servitudo

la-noun

servitūdō f (genitive servitūdinis); third declension

servitūdō (canonical feminine)
servitūdinis (genitive)
servitūdō (nominative singular)
servitūdinēs (nominative plural)
servitūdinis (genitive singular)
servitūdinum (genitive plural)
servitūdinī (dative singular)
servitūdinibus (dative plural)
servitūdinem (accusative singular)
servitūdinēs (accusative plural)
servitūdine (ablative singular)
servitūdinibus (ablative plural)
servitūdō (singular vocative)
servitūdinēs (plural vocative)

→ English: servitude

→ French: servitude

Italian: servitù

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: servidũe, servidõe

Galician: servidume

Portuguese: servidão

→ Romanian: servitudine

Spanish: servidumbre

[s̠ɛru̯ɪˈt̪uːd̪oː]


servitus

la-noun

servitūs f (genitive servitūtis); third declension

servitūs (canonical feminine)
servitūtis (genitive)
servitūs (nominative singular)
servitūtēs (nominative plural)
servitūtis (genitive singular)
servitūtum (genitive plural)
servitūtī (dative singular)
servitūtibus (dative plural)
servitūtem (accusative singular)
servitūtēs (accusative plural)
servitūte (ablative singular)
servitūtibus (ablative plural)
servitūs (singular vocative)
servitūtēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: servitud

Italian: servitù

Portuguese: servitude

Spanish: servitud

[ˈs̠ɛru̯ɪt̪uːs̠]

Ego sum Dominus Deus tuus, qui eduxi te de terra Aegypti, de domo servitutis.

I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.


Christus

la-proper noun

Chrīstus m sg (genitive Chrīstī); second declension

Chrīstus (canonical masculine singular)
Chrīstī (genitive)
Chrīstus (nominative singular)
Chrīstī (genitive singular)
Chrīstō (dative singular)
Chrīstum (accusative singular)
Chrīstō (ablative singular)
Chrīste (singular vocative)

→ Breton: Krist

→ Catalan: Crist

→ Cornish: Krist

→ Czech: Kristus

→ Danish: Kristus

→ Dutch: Christus

→ Galician: Cristo

→ German: Christus

→ Luxembourgish: Christus

→ Faroese: Kristus

→ Finnish: Kristus

Italian: Cristo

→ Latvian: Kristus

→ Lithuanian: Kristus

→ Middle French: Christ
French: Christ

→ Norman: Christ

desctree

→ Old English: Crist, Krist, ᛣᚱᛁᛋᛏ — Ruthwell Cross
Middle English: Crist, Cryst, Criste, Cryste, Kryst, Christ, Crest (in compound)
English: Christ
Scots: Christ
Yola: Cresst

→ Old Irish: Críst
Irish: Críost
Manx: Creest
Scottish Gaelic: Crìosd

→ Polish: Chrystus

→ Portuguese: Cristo

→ Slovene: Kristus

→ Spanish: Cristo

→ Swedish: Kristus

→ Welsh: Crist

→ Malayalam: ക്രിസ്തു (kristu)

From Ancient Greek Χρῑστός (Khrīstós), proper noun use of χρῑστός (khrīstós, “the anointed one”), a calque of Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”) and Biblical Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ).

der

initium evangelii Jesu Christi Filii Dei

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, 1:1:

"The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God"


arx

la-noun

arx f (genitive arcis); third declension

arcis (genitive)
arx (nominative singular)
arcēs (nominative plural)
arcis (genitive singular)
arcium (genitive plural)
arcī (dative singular)
arcibus (dative plural)
arcem (accusative singular)
arcēs (accusative plural)
arcīs (accusative plural)
arce (ablative singular)
arcibus (ablative plural)
arx (singular vocative)
arcēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk- (“to protect, guard, hold, lock”). Cognates include Latin arca (“chest, box”), arceō (“I defend”), arcānus (“hidden, secret”), arcera (“covered carriage for sick people”), Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō).

der

stronghold, castle, citadel, fortress, acropolis

(figuratively) defence, protection, refuge, bulwark

tyranny (with arx as the abode of tyrants)

... Trōiaque, nunc stārēs, Priamīque arx alta, manērēs.

... and Troy, you would now be standing, and Priam's mighty citadel still endure.

venit in hōc illa fulmen ab arce caput.

It fell on this head [of mine], a thunderbolt from that height.
(Jupiter (mythology) hurled thunderbolts from heaven, whereas the Emperor Augustus, living atop the Palatine Hill, had sentenced Ovid to exile.)

(metonymically) height, summit, pinnacle, top, peak (since castles were often built on heights)


mater

la-noun

māter f (genitive mātris); third declension

māter (canonical feminine)
mātris (genitive)
māter (nominative singular)
mātrēs (nominative plural)
mātris (genitive singular)
mātrum (genitive plural)
mātrī (dative singular)
mātribus (dative plural)
mātrem (accusative singular)
mātrēs (accusative plural)
mātre (ablative singular)
mātribus (ablative plural)
māter (singular vocative)
mātrēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: madre

Sicilian: matri

North Italian:

Friulian: mari

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: mare, mèr, mèdar, madra

Ligurian: moæ, mâre, mâje

Lombard: mader, madar, madra

Piedmontese: mare, mari, mèri

Istriot: mare

Ladin: mère

Venetan: mare

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: mâre

desctree

Old French: mere, medre
Bourguignon: meire
Middle French: mere
French: mère
Haitian Creole: mè
Norman: mère, méthe
Walloon: mere

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: mare

Gascon: mair

Occitan: maire

Limousin: mair

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: mai

Old Leonese:

Asturian: madre, ma

Extremaduran: mairi

Leonese: mai

Mirandese: mai, madre

Old Galician-Portuguese: madre
Galician: madre
Portuguese: madre

Fala: mairi

Old Galician-Portuguese: mãy
Fala: má
Galician: mai, nai
Portuguese: mãe (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: madre

Ladino:

Hebrew script: מאדרי

Latin script: madre

Spanish: madre
→ Tagalog: madre

Borrowings:

→ English: mater

→ Ido: matro
→ Esperanto: matro

→ Interlingua: matre

→ Middle English: matere

English: mater

From Proto-Italic *mātēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Cognate with Old English mōdor (English mother).

Nē, māter; suam.


sagitta

la-noun

sagitta f (genitive sagittae); first declension

sagittae (genitive)
sagitta (nominative singular)
sagittae (nominative plural)
sagittae (genitive singular)
sagittārum (genitive plural)
sagittae (dative singular)
sagittīs (dative plural)
sagittam (accusative singular)
sagittās (accusative plural)
sagittā (ablative singular)
sagittīs (ablative plural)
sagitta (singular vocative)
sagittae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sãdzeatã

Romanian: săgeată

Italo-Romance:

Italian: saetta

→ Maltese: sajjetta

Sicilian: sajitta

North Italian:

Friulian: saete

Istriot: sàita

Ladin: saëta, sita

Piedmontese: sajëta

Romansch: sajetta

Venetan: sita, saéta

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: saete, saiete; sajette (latinized)

French: sagette

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sageta

Occitan: sageta

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: saeta

Old Galician-Portuguese: saeta

Galician: seta

Portuguese: seta

Spanish: saeta

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: saitta

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: shigjetë

→ Tsakonian: σογίτθα (sogíttha)

→ Greek: σαΐτα (saḯta)

→ Old Irish: saiget (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *saɣeθ (see there for further descendants)

Later borrowings:

→ Catalan: sagita

→ English: sagitta

→ Esperanto: sago

→ Italian: sagitta

→ Translingual: Sagitta

→ Spanish: sagita

→ Volapük: sagit

[s̠äˈɡɪt̪ːä]

[säˈd͡ʒit̪ːä]

Unknown etymology. Probably from a pre-Latin Mediterranean language.
A minority view connects it to sāgiō (“to perceive quickly or keenly”).

the arrowhead (plant of the genus Sagittaria)


sagittarius

sagittārius m (genitive sagittāriī or sagittārī); second declension

sagittārius (canonical masculine)
sagittāriī (genitive)
sagittārī (genitive)
sagittārius (nominative singular)
sagittāriī (nominative plural)
sagittāriī (genitive singular)
sagittārī (genitive singular)
sagittāriōrum (genitive plural)
sagittāriō (dative singular)
sagittāriīs (dative plural)
sagittārium (accusative singular)
sagittāriōs (accusative plural)
sagittāriō (ablative singular)
sagittāriīs (ablative plural)
sagittārie (singular vocative)
sagittāriī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: săgetar

→ Albanian: shigjetar

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: saettaio

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: seteiro

Spanish: saetero

Borrowings:

→ English: Sagittarius, sagittary

→ French: sagittaire, Sagittaire

→ Italian: sagittario, Sagittario

→ Portuguese: Sagitário

→ Romanian: sagitar

→ Spanish: Sagitario

[s̠äɡɪt̪ˈt̪äːriʊs̠]

From sagitta (“arrow”) + -ārius (suffix forming relational adjectives and agent nouns).


poeta

la-noun

poēta m (genitive poētae); first declension

poēta (canonical masculine)
poētae (genitive)
poēta (nominative singular)
poētae (nominative plural)
poētae (genitive singular)
poētārum (genitive plural)
poētae (dative singular)
poētīs (dative plural)
poētam (accusative singular)
poētās (accusative plural)
poētā (ablative singular)
poētīs (ablative plural)
poēta (singular vocative)
poētae (plural vocative)

Asturian: poeta

Aromanian: puet

Catalan: poeta

Corsican: pueta

Extremaduran: pueta

Old French: poete

Middle English: poete

English: poet

Middle French: poete

French: poète

Friulian: poete

Galician: poeta

Italian: poeta

Piedmontese: poeta

Polish: poeta

Portuguese: poeta

Romanian: poet

Sicilian: puita

Spanish: poeta

From Ancient Greek ποιητής (poiētḗs, “poet, writer”).

bor

Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poētārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.

If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.


syllaba

la-noun

syllaba f (genitive syllabae); first declension

syllabae (genitive)
syllaba (nominative singular)
syllabae (nominative plural)
syllabae (genitive singular)
syllabārum (genitive plural)
syllabae (dative singular)
syllabīs (dative plural)
syllabam (accusative singular)
syllabās (accusative plural)
syllabā (ablative singular)
syllabīs (ablative plural)
syllaba (singular vocative)
syllabae (plural vocative)

Asturian: sílaba

→ Catalan: síl·laba

→ English: syllaba anceps

desctree

Old French: sillable
→ Middle English: sillable, syllable
English: syllable
French: syllabe

Galician: sílaba

→ Old High German: sillaba

Middle High German: silbe, sillabe

German: Silbe

→ Latvian: zilbe

→ Romansch: silba

→ Old Irish: sillab

Irish: siolla

Italian: sillaba

Portuguese: sílaba

Romanian: silabă

Spanish: sílaba

→ Welsh: syllaf, sill

[ˈs̠ʏlːʲäbä]

From Ancient Greek συλλαβή (sullabḗ), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).

(figuratively, in the plural) poems, verses


picus

la-noun

pīcus m (genitive pīcī); second declension

pīcus (canonical masculine)
pīcī (genitive)
pīcus (nominative singular)
pīcī (nominative plural)
pīcī (genitive singular)
pīcōrum (genitive plural)
pīcō (dative singular)
pīcīs (dative plural)
pīcum (accusative singular)
pīcōs (accusative plural)
pīcō (ablative singular)
pīcīs (ablative plural)
pīce (singular vocative)
pīcī (plural vocative)

Asturian: picatueru

Catalan: picot

French: pic, pivert

Friulian: pic

desc

Piedmontese: pic, pions, picons, picassa

Galician: piquelo, peto (perhaps)

Italian: picchio

Occitan: picot

Sicilian: picu

Spanish: pito, pico

Translingual: Picus

From Proto-Italic *pikos, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peyk- (“woodpecker; magpie”), whence also Latin pīca (“magpie”).
Romance evidence points to a form with -cc-, perhaps onomatopoeic and/or influenced by Vulgar Latin *pīccāre (“to strike, sting, peck”) and/or Proto-Germanic *pikkōną (“to pick, peck, prick”). Cf. Vulgar Latin *pīcca (“pick-axe”).
Cognate with Umbrian peico (acc.sg.), Sanskrit पिक (piká, “cuckoo”), German Specht (“woodpecker”), Swedish spett (“crowbar, skewer; kind of woodpecker”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

pīcca

reconstructed, Western Romance territory


virgo

la-noun

virgō f (genitive virginis); third declension

virgō (canonical feminine)
virginis (genitive)
virgō (nominative singular)
virginēs (nominative plural)
virginis (genitive singular)
virginum (genitive plural)
virginī (dative singular)
virginibus (dative plural)
virginem (accusative singular)
virginēs (accusative plural)
virgine (ablative singular)
virginibus (ablative plural)
virgō (singular vocative)
virginēs (plural vocative)

Albanian: virgjër

Aromanian: virghirã

Asturian: virxe

Catalan: verge

English: virgin

Piedmontese: verzo, vergio

Ligurian: verzo

French: vierge

Friulian: virgin

Galician: virxe

Italian: vergine

Lithuanian: mergelė (calque)

Occitan: verge

Papiamentu: vírgen

Portuguese: virgem

Romanian: virgin, vergură

Sicilian: vìrgini

Spanish: virgen, virgo

Walloon: viêdge

Uncertain; one hypothesis is that it is related to virga (“young shoot”).

a virgin; someone (female) who has never experienced sexual intercourse

(by extension, Ecclesiastical Latin, of the Church Fathers) a male virgin


virgo

[…] cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam propter unius ex illis X viris intemperiem in foro sua manu interemisset

54 BCE – 51 BCE, Cicero, De re publica 2.37.63

[…] that a certain Decimus Virginius was obliged, on account of the libidinous violence of one of these decemvirs, to stab his virgin daughter in the midst of the forum


pugio

pūgiō m (genitive pūgiōnis); third declension

pūgiō (canonical masculine)
pūgiōnis (genitive)
pūgiō (nominative singular)
pūgiōnēs (nominative plural)
pūgiōnis (genitive singular)
pūgiōnum (genitive plural)
pūgiōnī (dative singular)
pūgiōnibus (dative plural)
pūgiōnem (accusative singular)
pūgiōnēs (accusative plural)
pūgiōne (ablative singular)
pūgiōnibus (ablative plural)
pūgiō (singular vocative)
pūgiōnēs (plural vocative)

→ English: pugio (learned)

desc

→ Italian: pugio, pugione (rare, archaic) (learned)

→ Hebrew: פגיון (pigyón) (learned)

From Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ-, same source as Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”).

multōs in moenia ēgressōs pūgiōnibus fodere.

c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 4.29

Many, who had struggled on to the walls, with their daggers they stabbed.

Pūgio, quem curvā signat brevis orbita vēnā,

86 CE – 103 CE, Martial, Epigrammata 14.33

strīdentem gelidīs hunc Salo tīnxit aquīs.


verbum

la-noun

verbum n (genitive verbī); second declension

verbī (genitive)
verbum (nominative singular)
verba (nominative plural)
verbī (genitive singular)
verbōrum (genitive plural)
verbō (dative singular)
verbīs (dative plural)
verbum (accusative singular)
verba (accusative plural)
verbō (ablative singular)
verbīs (ablative plural)
verbum (singular vocative)
verba (plural vocative)

Asturian: vierbu

French: verve

Old Galician-Portuguese: vervo, verva

Galician: verbo, verba

Portuguese: verbo, verba

Italian: verbo, verba

Romanian: vorbă (possibly)

Sardinian: belvu, berbu

→ Aragonese: berbo

→ Asturian: verbu

→ Basque: berba

→ Catalan: verb

→ Corsican: verbu

→ Czech: verbum

→ English: verb

→ French: verbe

→ German: Verb, Verbum

→ Lombard: verb

→ Norwegian Bokmål: verb, verbo

→ Occitan: vèrb

→ Piedmontese: verb

→ Romanian: verb

→ Sicilian: verbu

Old Spanish: vierbo

Ladino: byervo

Spanish: verbo

→ Swedish: verb

→ Welsh: berf

From Proto-Italic *werβom, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om (“word”). Cognate with Umbrian 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄 (uerfale), English word.
In the grammatical sense of “verb”, it is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ῥῆμᾰ (rhêma).


liberator

la-noun

līberātor m (genitive līberātōris, feminine līberātrīx); third declension

līberātor (canonical masculine)
līberātōris (genitive)
līberātrīx (feminine)
līberātor (nominative singular)
līberātōrēs (nominative plural)
līberātōris (genitive singular)
līberātōrum (genitive plural)
līberātōrī (dative singular)
līberātōribus (dative plural)
līberātōrem (accusative singular)
līberātōrēs (accusative plural)
līberātōre (ablative singular)
līberātōribus (ablative plural)
līberātor (singular vocative)
līberātōrēs (plural vocative)

Inherited:

French: livreur

Portuguese: livrador

Spanish: librador

Borrowed:

→ English: liberator

→ French: libérateur

→ Italian: liberatore

→ Portuguese: liberador

→ Romanian: liberator

→ Sicilian: libbiraturi

→ Spanish: liberador

[lʲiːbɛˈräːt̪ɔr]

(historical) a member of the conspirators who participated in the plotted assassination of Julius Caesar, led by Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus


nymphe

nymphē f (genitive nymphēs); first declension

nymphē (canonical feminine)
nymphēs (genitive)
nymphē (nominative singular)
nymphae (nominative plural)
nymphēs (genitive singular)
nymphārum (genitive plural)
nymphae (dative singular)
nymphīs (dative plural)
nymphēn (accusative singular)
nymphās (accusative plural)
nymphē (ablative singular)
nymphīs (ablative plural)
nymphē (singular vocative)
nymphae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek νύμφη (númphē, “bride, nymph”).


latus

la-noun

latus n (genitive lateris); third declension

lateris (genitive)
latus (nominative singular)
latera (nominative plural)
lateris (genitive singular)
laterum (genitive plural)
laterī (dative singular)
lateribus (dative plural)
latus (accusative singular)
latera (accusative plural)
latere (ablative singular)
lateribus (ablative plural)
latus (singular vocative)
latera (plural vocative)

Asturian: llau

→ English: latus

Franco-Provençal: las

Old French: lez

French: lez, lès

Galician: lado; ⇒ ladrizo

Italian: lato

Portuguese: lado

Romanian: lat, latură

Sicilian: latu

Old Spanish: lado

Spanish: lado

Uncertain. Some indicate Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”) or *stelh₃- (“broad”) (in which case later would be its masculine form).


lyra

lyra f (genitive lyrae); first declension

lyrae (genitive)
lyra (nominative singular)
lyrae (nominative plural)
lyrae (genitive singular)
lyrārum (genitive plural)
lyrae (dative singular)
lyrīs (dative plural)
lyram (accusative singular)
lyrās (accusative plural)
lyrā (ablative singular)
lyrīs (ablative plural)
lyra (singular vocative)
lyrae (plural vocative)

→ English: Lyra

→ English: lyra

→ French: lyre

→ Spanish: lira

‘septēna putāris, Plēiadum numerum, fīla dedisse lyrae’
‘‘you are thought to have given seven – the number of the Pleiads – strings to the lyre’’

(The muse Calliope credits Hermes/Mercury with inventing the lyre, and giving it seven strings to honor his mother Maia, eldest of the Pleiades (Greek mythology).)


harpe

harpē f (genitive harpēs); first declension

harpē (canonical feminine)
harpēs (genitive)
harpē (nominative singular)
harpae (nominative plural)
harpēs (genitive singular)
harpārum (genitive plural)
harpae (dative singular)
harpīs (dative plural)
harpēn (accusative singular)
harpās (accusative plural)
harpē (ablative singular)
harpīs (ablative plural)
harpē (singular vocative)
harpae (plural vocative)

Catalan: arpa

Italian: arpa

Occitan: arpa

Sicilian: arpa

From Ancient Greek ἅρπη (hárpē, “bird of prey, falcon, scimitar”).

der

bird of prey, hawk, falcon, tiercel or goshawk (falco gentilis)


opus

la-noun

opus n (genitive operis); third declension

operis (genitive)
opus (nominative singular)
opera (nominative plural)
operis (genitive singular)
operum (genitive plural)
operī (dative singular)
operibus (dative plural)
opus (accusative singular)
opera (accusative plural)
opere (ablative singular)
operibus (ablative plural)
opus (singular vocative)
opera (plural vocative)

Catalan: ops

Old French: ues, oes, (part of) estovoir

French: œux, œusage (dialectal, Burgundy)

Italian: uopo

Old Occitan: ops

Romanian: op

Old Spanish: uebos, huebos

→ Bulgarian: опус (opus)

→ Catalan: opus

→ Czech: opus

→ Dutch: opus

→ Finnish: opus

→ French: opus

→ English: opus

→ Italian: opus

→ Portuguese: opus

→ Portuguese: opus

→ Romanian: opus, op

→ Russian: о́пус (ópus)

→ Spanish: opus

→ Swedish: opus

From Proto-Italic *opos, from a Proto-Indo-European *h₃ép-os (“work”), from the verbal root *h₃ep- (“to work”), whence also ops and omnis. Cognates include Sanskrit अपस् (ápas, “work, action”).


serva

serva f (genitive servae, masculine servus); first declension

servae (genitive)
servus (masculine)
serva (nominative singular)
servae (nominative plural)
servae (genitive singular)
servārum (genitive plural)
servae (dative singular)
servīs (dative plural)
servam (accusative singular)
servās (accusative plural)
servā (ablative singular)
servīs (ablative plural)
serva (singular vocative)
servae (plural vocative)

From servus (“slave, servant”) + -a (feminine suffix).


femur

la-noun

femur n (genitive feminis or femoris); third declension

feminis (genitive)
femoris (genitive)
femur (nominative singular)
femina (nominative plural)
femora (nominative plural)
feminis (genitive singular)
femoris (genitive singular)
feminum (genitive plural)
femorum (genitive plural)
feminī (dative singular)
femorī (dative singular)
feminibus (dative plural)
femoribus (dative plural)
femur (accusative singular)
femina (accusative plural)
femora (accusative plural)
femine (ablative singular)
femore (ablative singular)
feminibus (ablative plural)
femoribus (ablative plural)
femur (singular vocative)
femina (plural vocative)
femora (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: fèmur

→ English: femur

→ French: fémur

→ Galician: fémur

→ German: Femur

→ Italian: femore

→ Occitan: fèmur

→ Portuguese: fémur (Portugal), fêmur (Brazil)

→ Romanian: femur

→ Sicilian: fèmuri

→ Spanish: fémur

Uncertain. The heteroclitic (r/n) inflection is rather archaic (as also seen in iecur and iter), descending from Proto-Indo-European *-r̥ ~ *-n-, but no secure Proto-Indo-European origin for femur can be found. De Vaan and Lubotsky tentatively support Steinbauer's derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dʰénwr̥ (“arc, bow”); this is semantically attractive, but the hypothetical change from *-nw- to *-(n)m- from Proto-Indo-European to Latin is strange.

der

(architecture) the space between the grooves of a triglyph


liber

la-noun

liber m (genitive librī); second declension

librī (genitive)
liber (nominative singular)
librī (nominative plural)
librī (genitive singular)
librōrum (genitive plural)
librō (dative singular)
librīs (dative plural)
librum (accusative singular)
librōs (accusative plural)
librō (ablative singular)
librīs (ablative plural)
liber (singular vocative)
librī (plural vocative)

q

Franco-Provençal: lévro (the only entirely "popular" descendant)

Aragonese: libro

→ Albanian: libër

→ Basque: liburu

Corsican: libru

Dalmatian: lebro

Emilian: lîber

→ English: liber, libro-

French: liber, libro-

Friulian: libri

→ Ido: libro

Istriot: leîbro

Italian: libro

Ladin: liber

Ligurian: libbro

Lombard: libar, liber, libru

→ Old French: livre (semi-learned)

French: livre

Norman: livre

Old Leonese:

Asturian: llibru

Extremaduran: libru

Leonese: llibru

Mirandese: lhibro, libro

Old Galician-Portuguese: livro, libro

Fala: libru

Galician: libro

→ Guinea-Bissau Creole: libru

Portuguese: livro

Old Occitan: libre

Catalan: llibre

Occitan: libre

Old Spanish: libro

desctree

Spanish: libro
Chavacano: libro
→ Bikol Central: libro
→ Cebuano: libro
→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: libro
→ Ibatan: libro
→ Quechua: liwru
→ Tagalog: libro
→ Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl: libro

Piedmontese: lìber

Romagnol: lìbar

desc

Sardinian: líbbaru, líbberu, libbru, líbburu

Sicilian: libbru

Venetan: łìbro

Walloon: lîv, live

→ Proto-Brythonic: *llɨβr (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Irish: lebor (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *luβros, from Proto-Indo-European *lubʰ-ró-s, from *lewbʰ- (“to peel, cut off, harm”), perhaps from *lew- (“to cut off”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic лꙋбъ (lubŭ, “bark of a tree”), Lithuanian lùpti (“to peel, to shell”). See also English leaf, lobby, lodge, Ancient Greek λυπή (lupḗ, “pain”).

cog

Parvē — nec invideō — sine mē, liber, ībis in urbem,
eī mihi, quod dominō nōn licet īre tuō!
Little book – I don’t begrudge [you] – without me you will go to the city: Going from me, because it is not allowed for your master to go!

(The exiled poet addresses his book as if it is a servant he will send to Rome.)


puella

la-noun

puella f (genitive puellae, masculine puellus); first declension

puellae (genitive)
puellus (masculine)
puella (nominative singular)
puellae (nominative plural)
puellae (genitive singular)
puellārum (genitive plural)
puellae (dative singular)
puellīs (dative plural)
puellam (accusative singular)
puellās (accusative plural)
puellā (ablative singular)
puellīs (ablative plural)
puella (singular vocative)
puellae (plural vocative)

Old French: polle

→ English: puella, ⇒ puella aeterna, puella publica, puellile, puelline

Venetan: putèła

From puellus (“a little boy”), contracted from puerulus (“little boy, little slave”), the diminutive of puer (“boy”).

parvola puella

pueri atque puellae

pueri innuptaeque puellae


libra

lībra f (genitive lībrae); first declension

lībra (canonical feminine)
lībrae (genitive)
lībra (nominative singular)
lībrae (nominative plural)
lībrae (genitive singular)
lībrārum (genitive plural)
lībrae (dative singular)
lībrīs (dative plural)
lībram (accusative singular)
lībrās (accusative plural)
lībrā (ablative singular)
lībrīs (ablative plural)
lībra (singular vocative)
lībrae (plural vocative)

Catalan: lliura

desctree

Old French: livre m
Middle French: livre
French: livre
Norman: livre

Galician: libra

Italian: libra, libbra, lira

→ Catalan: lira

→ Czech: lira

→ Danish: lire

→ Faroese: liri

→ English: lira

→ Finnish: liira

→ German: Lira

→ Galician: lira

→ Maori: rira

→ Malay: lira

→ Maltese: lira

→ Norwegian: lira

→ Portuguese: lira

→ Serbo-Croatian: lira

→ Spanish: lira

→ Turkish: lira

Piedmontese: livra

Portuguese: libra

Romanian: livră

Spanish: libra

→ Tagalog: libra

Of uncertain origin. The word's original form was something like Proto-Italic *līðrā, *leiðrā (“pound”), surviving also in Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra), whence English liter.
Weiss derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to pour”) suffixed with the instrumental/resultative suffix *-dʰrom, under the assumption that the term originally meant "pouring (of metal)" before evolving to mean a unit of weight. In this case, then cognate with Proto-Slavic *lìti (“to pour”), Proto-Celtic *liyeti (“to flow”), Ancient Greek λείβω (leíbō, “to pour”), Lithuanian líeti (“to let flow”).

(historical) libra, Roman pound, a Roman unit of mass, equivalent to about 327 g

level, a tool used to check surfaces for horizontal and vertical alignment

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various units of mass derived from or roughly equivalent to the Roman libra

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various currencies derived from the use of pound as a weight in silver


cornu

la-noun

cornū n (genitive cornūs); fourth declension

cornū (canonical neuter)
cornūs (genitive)
cornū (nominative singular)
cornua (nominative plural)
cornūs (genitive singular)
cornuum (genitive plural)
cornū (dative singular)
cornibus (dative plural)
cornū (accusative singular)
cornua (accusative plural)
cornū (ablative singular)
cornibus (ablative plural)
cornū (singular vocative)
cornua (plural vocative)

Aromanian: cornu

Asturian: cuernu

Catalan: corn

Dalmatian: cuarno

English: cornet, corn, -corn

Esperanto: korno

Franco-Provençal: côrna

French: cor, corne

Friulian: cuar

Galician: corno

Ido: korno

→ Irish: corn

Istriot: cuorno

Italian: corno

Old French: corn, corne

Portuguese: corno

Romanian: corn

Romansch: corn, corna

Sardinian: corru

Sicilian: cornu

Spanish: cuerno

Venetan: corno

→ Welsh: corn

Occitan: còrn

Inherited from Proto-Italic *kornū. Cognate with English horn, hirn; Ancient Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “skull”), κέρας (kéras, “horn”); Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”). See also cerebrum (“brain”), cervus (“deer”).

cog

musical instrument
musical instrument#English


vir

la-noun

vir m (genitive virī); second declension

virī (genitive)
vir (nominative singular)
virī (nominative plural)
virī (genitive singular)
virōrum (genitive plural)
virō (dative singular)
virīs (dative plural)
virum (accusative singular)
virōs (accusative plural)
virō (ablative singular)
virīs (ablative plural)
vir (singular vocative)
virī (plural vocative)

→ Italian: viro (learned)

From Proto-Italic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Old Prussian wijrs, Lithuanian vyras, Latvian vīrs, Old Irish fer, Old Norse verr, Ossetian ир (ir, “Ossetians”) and Old English wer (English were-; also see world).

Arma virumque cano.


serra

serra f (genitive serrae); first declension

serrae (genitive)
serra (nominative singular)
serrae (nominative plural)
serrae (genitive singular)
serrārum (genitive plural)
serrae (dative singular)
serrīs (dative plural)
serram (accusative singular)
serrās (accusative plural)
serrā (ablative singular)
serrīs (ablative plural)
serra (singular vocative)
serrae (plural vocative)

Albanian: sharrë (disputed)

Aromanian: sharã

Asturian: serra

Basque: zerra

Catalan: serra

Galician: serra

Occitan: sèrra

Portuguese: serra

Sardinian: sera

Sicilian: serra

Spanish: sierra
→ English: sierra

According to De Vaan, from Proto-Italic *serzā, from Proto-Indo-European *sers-eh₂, from *sers- (“to cut off”), from which he also notes Schrijver's derivation of sarrio from a zero-grade of such a root.
Compare, however, Proto-Celtic *serrā (“sickle, scythe; billhook”), with a different etymology.


fenestra

la-noun

fenestra f (genitive fenestrae); first declension

fenestrae (genitive)
fenestra (nominative singular)
fenestrae (nominative plural)
fenestrae (genitive singular)
fenestrārum (genitive plural)
fenestrae (dative singular)
fenestrīs (dative plural)
fenestram (accusative singular)
fenestrās (accusative plural)
fenestrā (ablative singular)
fenestrīs (ablative plural)
fenestra (singular vocative)
fenestrae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: fireastrã

desctree

Romanian: fereastră, fereastă
→ Romani: felyastra

Dalmatian:

finiastra

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: finestra

Italian: finestra

Neapolitan: fenesta

Sicilian: finestra, finesra

Padanian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: fnèstra

Lombard: fenestra, finestra, fnestra

Piedmontese: fnestra, fnesta

desc

Romansch: fanestra, finiastra, fnestra, faneastra

Venetan: finestra, fenestra

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: finestra

Franco-Provençal: fenétra

Old French: fenestre (see there for further descendants)

Gascon: hrièsta, herièsta, hièstra, hiestra

Occitan: fenèstra

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: finestra

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: fẽestra
Galician: fiestra
Portuguese: fresta

Old Spanish: finiestra

Early Modern Spanish: hiniestra

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: fënjeshtër

→ Breton: prenestr, fenestr (or via French)

→ Cornish: fenester

→ English: fenestra (learned)

→ Old Irish: seinistir

→ Portuguese: fenestra (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *fenestr (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: fenestra (learned)

→ Welsh: ffenestr, ffenest

Apparently from Etruscan *fnestra (and fēstra from Etruscan *fenstra), compare the personal name Etruscan [script needed] (fnes-ci) and the placename Latin Fensernia, but nothing is known about the meaning of the Etruscan base.

window of opportunity
window of opportunity

an opportunity, opening, occasion, window of opportunity


scorpius

la-noun

scorpius m (genitive scorpiī or scorpī); second declension

scorpiī (genitive)
scorpī (genitive)
scorpius (nominative singular)
scorpiī (nominative plural)
scorpiī (genitive singular)
scorpī (genitive singular)
scorpiōrum (genitive plural)
scorpiō (dative singular)
scorpiīs (dative plural)
scorpium (accusative singular)
scorpiōs (accusative plural)
scorpiō (ablative singular)
scorpiīs (ablative plural)
scorpie (singular vocative)
scorpiī (plural vocative)

See scorpiō


arma

arma n pl (genitive armōrum); second declension

armōrum (genitive)
arma (nominative plural)
armōrum (genitive plural)
armum (genitive plural)
armīs (dative plural)
arma (accusative plural)
armīs (ablative plural)
arma (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”). armentum is an independent derivation from the same root, as if from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mn̥-tom. Cognates include Sanskrit ऋत (ṛtá, “order; right; agreement etc.”) and अरम् (áram, “fitting”), Ancient Greek ἀραρίσκω (ararískō, “to fit together”) and Old Armenian արարի (arari, “I made”).
Semantic development was "that what is fitted together" → "tools" → "weapons". Also related to ars, artus, rītus.

cog

arms, weapons of war, weaponry, instruments (implements of warfare)


papa

la-noun

pāpa f (genitive pāpae); first declension

pāpa (canonical feminine)
pāpae (genitive)
pāpa (nominative singular)
pāpae (nominative plural)
pāpae (genitive singular)
pāpārum (genitive plural)
pāpae (dative singular)
pāpīs (dative plural)
pāpam (accusative singular)
pāpās (accusative plural)
pāpā (ablative singular)
pāpīs (ablative plural)
pāpa (singular vocative)
pāpae (plural vocative)

A nursery word imitative of the movement of the infant's lips during eating. Compare English pap, German Papp, Hungarian papi, Polish papu. Also see the derivative pappō.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Cum cibum ac pōtiōnem "buās" ac "pāpās" vocent, mātrem "mammam", patrem "tatam".

Since children call food "papa" and drink “bua”, mother "mamma" and father "tata". (Nonius Marcellus, De Compendiosa Doctrina, 81 M, 2-4)

(childish) yum yum, num-num, food (especially pap)


papa

la-noun

pāpa m (genitive pāpae, feminine pāpissa); first declension

pāpa (canonical masculine)
pāpae (genitive)
pāpissa (feminine)
pāpa (nominative singular)
pāpae (nominative plural)
pāpae (genitive singular)
pāpārum (genitive plural)
pāpae (dative singular)
pāpīs (dative plural)
pāpam (accusative singular)
pāpās (accusative plural)
pāpā (ablative singular)
pāpīs (ablative plural)
pāpa (singular vocative)
pāpae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: papë

→ Proto-Brythonic: *pab

Middle Welsh: pap

Welsh: pab

→ Middle Dutch: pape

Dutch: paap

→ Old English: pāpa (see there for further descendants)

→ Old French: pape (see there for further descendants)

→ Hungarian: pápa

→ Old Irish: pápa

Irish: pápa

Scottish Gaelic: pàpa

→ Italian: papa
→ Turkish: papa

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: papa

Galician: papa

Portuguese: papa
→ Swahili: papa

→ Romanian: papă

→ Spanish: papa
→ Tagalog: Papa

From early Byzantine Greek πάπας (pápas, title for priests & bishops, especially by 3rd c. the bishop of Alexandria), from πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

bor

The traditional exclamation in Rome after a papal election:

"Habemus papam!" ― "We have a [new] pope!"

(Ecclesiastical Latin) a pope (the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome)

(Ecclesiastical Latin) a patriarch (in primatial sees, notably Coptic Alexandria).


sinister

la-adj

sinister (feminine sinistra, neuter sinistrum, comparative sinistrior, superlative sinistimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

sinistra (feminine)
sinistrum (neuter)
sinistrior (comparative)
sinistimus (superlative)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
sinister (masculine nominative singular)
sinistra (feminine nominative singular)
sinistrum (neuter nominative singular)
sinistrī (masculine nominative plural)
sinistrae (feminine nominative plural)
sinistra (neuter nominative plural)
sinistrī (genitive masculine singular)
sinistrae (feminine genitive singular)
sinistrī (genitive neuter singular)
sinistrōrum (genitive masculine plural)
sinistrārum (feminine genitive plural)
sinistrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sinistrō (dative masculine singular)
sinistrae (dative feminine singular)
sinistrō (dative neuter singular)
sinistrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sinistrum (accusative masculine singular)
sinistram (accusative feminine singular)
sinistrum (accusative neuter singular)
sinistrōs (accusative masculine plural)
sinistrās (accusative feminine plural)
sinistra (accusative neuter plural)
sinistrō (ablative masculine singular)
sinistrā (ablative feminine singular)
sinistrō (ablative neuter singular)
sinistrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sinister (masculine singular vocative)
sinistra (feminine singular vocative)
sinistrum (neuter singular vocative)
sinistrī (masculine plural vocative)
sinistrae (feminine plural vocative)
sinistra (neuter plural vocative)

>? Italian: sinistro

desctree

Late Latin: sinexter
Italo-Romance:
Italian: sinèstro (archaic), >? sinistro
North Italian:
Friulian: signestri
Romansch: sanester, seniester (Sursilvan), saniester (Sutsilvan), schnester (Puter, Vallader)
Venetan: senestro
Gallo-Romance:
Old Catalan: senestre
Old French: senestre
Middle French: senestre
French: senestre, sénestre, senêtre
Norman: s'nêtre
Occitan: senèstre
Ibero-Romance:
Asturian: siniestru
Old Galician-Portuguese: sẽestro, seestro
Portuguese: sestro
Old Spanish: siniestro
Ladino: siniestro, סינייסטרו
Spanish: siniestro

→ Catalan: sinistre

→ Dutch: sinister

→ English: sinister

→ French: sinistre

→ Galician: sinistro

→ Portuguese: sinistro

→ Romanian: sinistru

[s̠ɪˈnɪs̠t̪ɛr]

From Proto-Italic *senisteros, of unclear origin. Possibly a euphemism from Proto-Indo-European *senh₂-is- (“more obtaining”), from *senh₂- (“to seek, gain”) (thus the direction of "left" as "the more favorable (side)"), and cognate with Sanskrit सनोति (sanoti, “to gain, procure”), सनीयान् (sanīyān, “more useful, more advantageous”).

cog

1st BC, Virgilius
sinistra cornix

2nd century, Apuleius
sinistro pede profectus

(religion) auspicious (for Romans) or inauspicious (for Greeks)


pello

la-verb

pellō (present infinitive pellere, perfect active pepulī, supine pulsum); third conjugation

pellō (canonical)
pellere (infinitive present)
pepulī (active perfect)
pulsum (supine)
pellō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pellis (active indicative present second-person singular)
pellit (active indicative present singular third-person)
pellimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
pellitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
pellunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
pellēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
pellēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
pellēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
pellēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
pellēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
pellēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
pellam (active first-person future indicative singular)
pellēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
pellet (active future indicative singular third-person)
pellēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
pellētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
pellent (active future indicative plural third-person)
pepulī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pepulistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
pepulit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepulimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pepulistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepulērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pepulēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pepuleram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
pepulerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
pepulerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
pepulerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
pepulerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
pepulerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
pepulerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
pepuleris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
pepulerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepulerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
pepuleritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepulerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
pellor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pelleris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pellere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pellitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pellimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pelliminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pelluntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pellēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
pellēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
pellēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
pellēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
pellēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
pellēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
pellēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
pellar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
pellēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
pellēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
pellētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
pellēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
pellēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
pellentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
pellam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pellās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pellat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pellāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pellātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pellant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pellerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
pellerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pelleret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pellerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
pellerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pellerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pepulerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
pepulerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pepulerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pepulerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
pepulerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pepulerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pepulissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
pepulissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
pepulisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
pepulissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
pepulissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
pepulissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
pellar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pellāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pellāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pellātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pellāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pellāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pellantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pellerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
pellerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pellerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pellerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
pellerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
pellerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
pellerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
pelle (active imperative present second-person singular)
pellite (active imperative plural present second-person)
pellitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
pellitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
pellitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
pelluntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
pellere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pelliminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
pellitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
pellitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
pelluntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
pellere (active infinitive present)
pepulisse (active infinitive perfect)
pulsūrum esse (active future infinitive)
pellī (infinitive passive present)
pulsum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
pulsum īrī (future infinitive passive)
pellēns (active participle present)
pulsūrus (active future participle)
pulsus (participle passive perfect)
pellendus (future participle passive)
pellundus (future participle passive)
pellendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
pellendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
pellendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
pellendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
pulsum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
pulsū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

From Proto-Italic *pelnō or *pelnaō, a nasal-infix present derived from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to drive, strike, thrust”). See Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō), πελεμίζω (pelemízō, “shake, cause to tremble”), ψάλλω (psállō), Latin palpō. Unrelated to πέλω (pélō), which means "to stir."

der

(military) to rout, put to flight, discomfit


architectura

la-noun

architectūra f (genitive architectūrae); first declension

architectūra (canonical feminine)
architectūrae (genitive)
architectūra (nominative singular)
architectūrae (nominative plural)
architectūrae (genitive singular)
architectūrārum (genitive plural)
architectūrae (dative singular)
architectūrīs (dative plural)
architectūram (accusative singular)
architectūrās (accusative plural)
architectūrā (ablative singular)
architectūrīs (ablative plural)
architectūra (singular vocative)
architectūrae (plural vocative)

Asturian: arquiteutura

Catalan: arquitectura

desctree

Dutch: architectuur
Afrikaans: argitektuur
→ Indonesian: arsitektur

English: architecture

Esperanto: arĥitekturo, arkitekturo

Ido: arkitekturo

French: architecture

Galician: arquitectura

German: Architektur

Italian: architettura

Mirandese: arquitetura

Occitan: arquitectura

Portuguese: arquitetura

Romanian: arhitectură

desc

архитекту́ра

Russian: архитекту́ра (arxitektúra)

Spanish: arquitectura

[ärkʰɪt̪ɛkˈt̪uːrä]

From architectus (“architect, designer”) + -tūra, the former of which is a remodeling of Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn) under influence of tegō. The "Latinization" of the second component facilitated the suffixion of -tūra, overriding the originally stem-immanent t.


iudex

la-noun

iūdex m (genitive iūdicis); third declension

iūdex (canonical masculine)
iūdicis (genitive)
iūdex (nominative singular)
iūdicēs (nominative plural)
iūdicis (genitive singular)
iūdicum (genitive plural)
iūdicī (dative singular)
iūdicibus (dative plural)
iūdicem (accusative singular)
iūdicēs (accusative plural)
iūdice (ablative singular)
iūdicibus (ablative plural)
iūdex (singular vocative)
iūdicēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: jutge

Franco-Provençal: jujo

Friulian: judis

Italian: giudice

Ladin: giudesc

Ligurian: giùdiçe

Neapolitan: jodece

Occitan: jutge

desctree

Old French: juge
French: juge
Norman: juge (Jersey)
Walloon: djudje
→ Middle English: juge, jugge, iuge
English: judge (see there for further descendants)
Scots: judge, juige
Yola: jooudge

Iberian Romance:

Aragonese: chuez

Old Leonese: iuez

Asturian: xuez, xuö

Leonese: xuez

Mirandese: juiç

Old Galician-Portuguese: juiz, juyz, joiz
Galician: xuíz
Portuguese: juiz

Old Spanish: juez, juiz, judez
Ladino: גואיס (jues)
Spanish: juez (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: jude

Sardinian: judiche, judighe, giudighe

Sicilian: jùdici

Venetan: xudexe

From Proto-Italic *jowozdiks. Equivalent to iūs (“law”) + the root of dīcere (“to indicate”) + -s.


poesis

la-noun

poēsis f (genitive poēsis); third declension

poēsis (canonical feminine)
poēsis (genitive)
poēsis (nominative singular)
poēsēs (nominative plural)
poēsis (genitive singular)
poēsium (genitive plural)
poēsī (dative singular)
poēsibus (dative plural)
poēsim (accusative singular)
poēsēs (accusative plural)
poēsīs (accusative plural)
poēsī (ablative singular)
poēsibus (ablative plural)
poēsis (singular vocative)
poēsēs (plural vocative)

Old French: poesie

desctree

Middle French: poesie
French: poésie, poësie (obsolete)
Haitian Creole: pwezi
→ Danish: poesi
→ German: Poesie
→ Romanian: poezie
→ Polish: poezja
→ Russian: поэ́зия (poézija), поэ́зія (poézija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: поэзия (poéziä)
→ Dutch: poëzie, (obsolete) poëzij
Afrikaans: poësie
→ Indonesian: puisi
→ Malay: puisi
→ Middle English: poesie
English: poesy

From the Ancient Greek ποίησις (poíēsis, “production, composition”).


nympha

la-noun

nympha f (genitive nymphae); first declension

nymphae (genitive)
nympha (nominative singular)
nymphae (nominative plural)
nymphae (genitive singular)
nymphārum (genitive plural)
nymphae (dative singular)
nymphīs (dative plural)
nympham (accusative singular)
nymphās (accusative plural)
nymphā (ablative singular)
nymphīs (ablative plural)
nympha (singular vocative)
nymphae (plural vocative)

Asturian: ninfa

Catalan: nimfa

desctree

Old French: nimphe
French: nymphe
→ Middle Dutch: nymphe
Dutch: nimf
→ Middle English: nimphe, nymphe, nemphe
English: nymph

Italian: ninfa

Portuguese: ninfa

Romanian: nimfă

Sicilian: ninfa

Spanish: ninfa

Welsh: nymff

Derived from Ancient Greek νύμφη (númphē, “bride, nymph”). Compare with Latin lympha.

der+

(Greek mythology) nymph (mythical demigoddess)


lingua

la-noun

lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension

linguae (genitive)
lingua (nominative singular)
linguae (nominative plural)
linguae (genitive singular)
linguārum (genitive plural)
linguae (dative singular)
linguīs (dative plural)
linguam (accusative singular)
linguās (accusative plural)
linguā (ablative singular)
linguīs (ablative plural)
lingua (singular vocative)
linguae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: limbã

Istro-Romanian: limbĕ

Megleno-Romanian: limbă

Romanian: limbă

Dalmatian:

langa, luanga

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: lingua

desctree

Italian: lingua
→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)
→ Maltese: lingwa
→? Sabir: lingua

⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: lengua, lenga

Sicilian: lingua

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: längua

Ligurian: lengua

Lombard: lengua

Piedmontese: lenga

Romagnol: lèngva

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lenghe

Ladin: lënga

desc

Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua

Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua

Venetan: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lengoua

desctree

Old French: langue, lingue, lengue
Middle French: langue
French: langue (see there for further descendants)
Champenois: laingue
Franc-Comtois: landye
Norman: laungue
Picard: lingue
Poitevin-Saintongeais: lengue
Walloon: linwe

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: lengua

Catalan: llengua

Old Occitan: lengua, lenga
Occitan: lenga
Gascon: lengua
Limousin: linga
Provençal: lengo, lenguo

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)

Old Leonese:

Asturian: llingua, llengua, lluengua (Eastern Asturias), ḷḷingua, ḷḷuinga (Ayer), chingua (Valdés), chengua (Valdés), yuönga (Cabrales)

Extremaduran: luenga

Leonese: llingua

Mirandese: lhéngua

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengua, lingoa, lengoa
Fala: lengua
Galician: lingua
Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: lengua

Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua

Spanish: lengua
Chavacano: lengua
Papiamentu: lenga

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: lingua

→ Esperanto: lingvo

From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.

[…] homines repertos qui sonum earum addita in transversas harundines aqua foramen inspirantes linguave parva aliqua opposita mora indiscreta redderent similitudine.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.84

[…] there have been found persons who could reproduce the birds' song with an indistinguishable resemblence by putting water into slanted reeds and breathing into the holes or by applying some slight check with the tongue.

(music) the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae

tongue-shaped things:
the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae


pagina

la-noun

pāgina f (genitive pāginae); first declension

pāgina (canonical feminine)
pāginae (genitive)
pāgina (nominative singular)
pāginae (nominative plural)
pāginae (genitive singular)
pāginārum (genitive plural)
pāginae (dative singular)
pāginīs (dative plural)
pāginam (accusative singular)
pāginās (accusative plural)
pāginā (ablative singular)
pāginīs (ablative plural)
pāgina (singular vocative)
pāginae (plural vocative)

Italian: pania (“birdlime”)

Italian: panione, paniuzza; painella (Lucca)

→ Aromanian: padzinã

→ Asturian: páxina

→ Catalan: pàgina

→ Dutch: pagina
→ Indonesian: pagina

→ English: pagina

→ Middle English: pagent

English: pageant

→ Friulian: pagjine

→ Galician: páxina

→ Ido: pagino

→ Interlingua: pagina

→ Italian: pagina

→ Occitan: pagina

→ Old French: page

Middle French: page

→ Dutch: page

→ English: page

→ Hindi: पेज (pej)

→ Japanese: ページ

→ Korean: 페이지 (peiji)

Pitcairn-Norfolk: paij

Tok Pisin: pes

French: page

Haitian Creole: page

Walloon: pådje

→ Piedmontese: pàgina

→ Portuguese: página

→ Romanian: pagină

→ Romansch: pagina

→ Sardinian: pàgina

→ Sicilian: pàggina

→ Maltese: paġna

→ Spanish: página

→ Tagalog: pahina

→ Venetan: pajina, pàxena

[ˈpäːd͡ʒinä]

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to fasten, fix”), perhaps from “papyrus sheets fastened to each other” or from “fastening/imprinting letters”. See also pangō (“to insert firmly, to fix”).

der

a written page, leaf, sheet
(transferred) a piece of writing

a written page, leaf, sheet
a piece of writing

a (bronze) plaque on the pedestal for statues listing the person's titles, offices and merits

(Medieval Latin) a legal document (charter, will)

a written page, leaf, sheet
a legal document (charter, will)

(Medieval Latin) a pageant (usu. in a cycle of mystery plays, esp. as performed by guild of craftsmen)


nonna

la-noun

nonna f (genitive nonnae, masculine nonnus); first declension

nonnae (genitive)
nonnus (masculine)
nonna (nominative singular)
nonnae (nominative plural)
nonnae (genitive singular)
nonnārum (genitive plural)
nonnae (dative singular)
nonnīs (dative plural)
nonnam (accusative singular)
nonnās (accusative plural)
nonnā (ablative singular)
nonnīs (ablative plural)
nonna (singular vocative)
nonnae (plural vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

desctree

Italian: nonna
→ English: nonna
→ Greek: νόνα (nóna)
→ Italiot Greek: nunna
→ Mòcheno: nu'na

Neapolitan: nonna

Sicilian: nanna

Old French: none (nom.sg), nonain
French: nonne
Norman: nonne

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: none

Ladino: nona

Romansch: nona

Venetan: nona
→ Cimbrian: nona, nóona
→ Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: nona
→ Portuguese: nona

→ Proto-West Germanic: *nunnā (see there for further descendants)

tutor (female), tutoress (dated, may now be sexist), tutrix (obsolete)


moneta

la-noun

monēta f (genitive monētae); first declension

monēta (canonical feminine)
monētae (genitive)
monēta (nominative singular)
monētae (nominative plural)
monētae (genitive singular)
monētārum (genitive plural)
monētae (dative singular)
monētīs (dative plural)
monētam (accusative singular)
monētās (accusative plural)
monētā (ablative singular)
monētīs (ablative plural)
monēta (singular vocative)
monētae (plural vocative)

Cicero
Domitian
Suda
Æthelwulf, King of Wessex

Dalmatian:

monaita

Italo-Romance:

Italian: moneta

Sicilian: munita

Padanian:

Friulian: monede

Ladin: muneida, munëida

Ligurian: monæa, monæ

Lombard: moneda, monida

→ Piedmontese: monèda

desc

Piedmontese: monèja, monèa, monè, monèida (Oriental)

Romansch: munaida, muneida

Venetan: monéda, monèa

→? Albanian: monedhë

→ Greek: μονέδα (monéda)

→ Romanian: monedă

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old Francoprovençal: moneia

Franco-Provençal: monéya, mounêya, mounia, môniiâ

desctree

Old French: monoie, menoie, menoiie, moneie, monoë, monnoie, monnoye, monoye, muneie (Anglo-Norman)
Middle French: monnoye, monnoie
French: monnaie
Poitevin-Saintongeais: mounàie
Norman: mounaie
Picard: monnouaie
→ Middle English: moneye (see there for further descendants)
→? Walloon: manoye

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: moneda

Catalan: moneda

Old Occitan: moneda
Occitan: moneda
Limousin: moneda, monuda
Vivaro-Alpine: monea, moneia, monha, monìa

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: moneda, monea

Old Galician-Portuguese: mõeda

Galician: moeda

Portuguese: moeda

Spanish: moneda

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: moneda, moneta, muneda

Borrowings:

→ Basque: mota

→ Bulgarian: моне́та (monéta)

→ German: Moneten

→ Ido: moneto

→? Middle Scots: monet

→ Polish: moneta

→ Russian: моне́та (monéta)

→ Azerbaijani: manat

→ English: manat

→ Turkmen: manat

→ English: manat

→ Proto-West Germanic: *munit (see there for further descendants)

From Monēta, an Italian goddess conflated with Juno after her introduction (cf. evocatio) to Rome in 344 BC. Her temple was used by the Roman mint from 273 BC until it was destroyed by fire and moved to the Colosseum by Domitian in AD 84. The usual derivation—given by Cicero and the Byzantine Suda— is from monēre (“to warn, to advise”) + a variant of -īta, but it is now considered more likely the earlier Italian goddess's name came from a form of Ancient Greek μονήρης (monḗrēs, “solitary, alone, unique”).

der

(Medieval Latin, historical) Abbreviation of monētārius ("moneyer, minter") in its various forms


aenigma

la-noun

aenigma n (genitive aenigmatis); third declension

aenigmatis (genitive)
aenigma (nominative singular)
aenigmata (nominative plural)
aenigmatis (genitive singular)
aenigmatum (genitive plural)
aenigmatī (dative singular)
aenigmatibus (dative plural)
aenigma (accusative singular)
aenigmata (accusative plural)
aenigmate (ablative singular)
aenigmatibus (ablative plural)
aenigma (singular vocative)
aenigmata (plural vocative)

Catalan: enigma

→ English: enigma

French: énigme

Portuguese: enigma

Romanian: enigmă

Sicilian: nimma

Spanish: enigma

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αἴνιγμα (aínigma, “riddle”).


Venus

la-proper noun

Venus f (genitive Veneris); third declension

Veneris (genitive)
Venus (nominative singular)
Venerēs (nominative plural)
Veneris (genitive singular)
Venerum (genitive plural)
Venerī (dative singular)
Veneribus (dative plural)
Venerem (accusative singular)
Venerēs (accusative plural)
Venere (ablative singular)
Veneribus (ablative plural)
Venus (singular vocative)
Venerēs (plural vocative)

→ French: Vénus

→ Italian: Venere

→ Middle English: Venus
English: Venus

→ Portuguese: Vénus, Vênus (Brazil)

Sicilian: Vènniri

→ Spanish: Venus

From venus (“loveliness”), see there for more.

sine Cerere et Līberō frīget Venus

161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Eunuchus 732

without Ceres and Liber, Venus freezes
(without food and wine, love doesn't thrive)

(Roman mythology) Venus (goddess of love and beauty)


Aaron

Aarōn m sg (variously declined, genitive Aarōn or Aarōnis); indeclinable, third declension

Aarōn (canonical masculine singular)
Aarōn (genitive)
Aarōnis (genitive)
Aarōn (nominative singular)
Aarōn (genitive singular)
Aarōnis (genitive singular)
Aarōn (dative singular)
Aarōnī (dative singular)
Aarōn (accusative singular)
Aarōnem (accusative singular)
Aarōn (ablative singular)
Aarōne (ablative singular)
Aarōn (singular vocative)

→ Catalan: Aaró, Aaron

→ Chinese: 亞倫／亚伦 (Yàlún, Yǎlún)

→ Danish: Aron
→ Greenlandic: Aalut

→ Dutch: Aäron

→ English: Aaron

→ Estonian: Aaron

→ Faroese: Aron

→ Finnish: Aaron, Aron

→ French: Aaron

→ German: Aaron

→ Hungarian: Áron

→ Icelandic: Aron

→ Irish: Árón

→ Italian: Aronne

→ Korean: 아론 (Aron)

→ Lithuanian: Aronas

→ Maltese: Aronn

→ Maori: Arona

→ Northern Sami: Áron

→ Norwegian: Aron

→ Polish: Aaron

→ Portuguese: Aarão

→ Russian: Ааро́н (Aarón), Аро́н (Arón)

→ Kazakh: Арон (Aron)

→ Spanish: Aarón

→ Swedish: Aron

In qua facie ad faciem visibilem se ei repromiserat, etiam ad Aaronem dicens […]

207 CE – 208 CE, Tertullian, Adversus Marcionem 22.15

He promised that he would be visible to him face to face, even saying to Aaron […]

(Ecclesiastical Latin) Aaron (biblical figure)


sphinx

la-noun

sphinx f (genitive sphingis); third declension

sphingis (genitive)
sphinx (nominative singular)
sphingēs (nominative plural)
sphinges (nominative plural)
sphingis (genitive singular)
sphingos (genitive singular)
sphingum (genitive plural)
sphingī (dative singular)
sphingibus (dative plural)
sphingem (accusative singular)
sphinga (accusative singular)
sphingēs (accusative plural)
sphingas (accusative plural)
sphinge (ablative singular)
sphingibus (ablative plural)
sphinx (singular vocative)
sphingēs (plural vocative)
sphinges (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek Σφίγξ (Sphínx), perhaps from σφίγγω (sphíngō, “to squeeze, to strangle”) or from Egyptian Szp:p-A53-anx-n:x (šzp-ꜥnḫ, “divine image”, literally “living image”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">šzp-ꜥnḫ</i>


sons

la-adj

sōns (genitive sontis); third-declension one-termination adjective

sōns (canonical)
sontis (genitive)
sōns (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
sontēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
sontia (neuter nominative plural)
sontis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
sontium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
sontum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
sontī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
sontibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sontem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
sōns (accusative neuter singular)
sontēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
sontia (accusative neuter plural)
sontī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
sontibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sōns (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
sontēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
sontia (neuter plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *sonts (see *som), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-s, the present participle of *h₁es- (whence also sum). Due to vowel reduction, it appears as -sēns in compounded forms of sum. Thus "he who is it", "the real person", "the guilty one". Compare English sooth for an exact cognate, and sin for the same semantic development.


sons

la-noun

sōns m (genitive sontis); third declension

sōns (canonical masculine)
sontis (genitive)
sōns (nominative singular)
sontēs (nominative plural)
sontis (genitive singular)
sontium (genitive plural)
sontum (genitive plural)
sontī (dative singular)
sontibus (dative plural)
sontem (accusative singular)
sontēs (accusative plural)
sontīs (accusative plural)
sonte (ablative singular)
sontibus (ablative plural)
sōns (singular vocative)
sontēs (plural vocative)


active

la-adv

āctīvē (comparative āctīvius, superlative āctīvissimē)

āctīvē (canonical)
āctīvius (comparative)
āctīvissimē (superlative)