Adam

Ādām (canonical masculine singular)
Ādām (nominative singular)
Ādām (genitive singular)
Ādām (dative singular)
Ādām (accusative singular)
Ādām (ablative singular)
Ādām (singular vocative)

desctree

→ Middle High German: Adam
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Aadem
German: Adam

→ Old English: Adam
Middle English: Adam
English: Adam
Scots: Adam

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Adan, Adam
Galician: Adán
Portuguese: Adão

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀδάμ (Adám), borrowed from Hebrew אָדָם, from א־ד־ם.


la-proper noun

♀ m sg (genitive ♀ris); third declension

♀ris (genitive)
♀rēs (nominative plural)
♀ris (genitive singular)
♀rum (genitive plural)
♀rī (dative singular)
♀ribus (dative plural)
♀rem (accusative singular)
♀rēs (accusative plural)
♀re (ablative singular)
♀ribus (ablative plural)
♀rēs (plural vocative)
♀ēs (nominative plural)
♀is (genitive singular)
♀um (genitive plural)
♀ī (dative singular)
♀ibus (dative plural)
♀em (accusative singular)
♀ēs (accusative plural)
♀e (ablative singular)
♀ibus (ablative plural)
♀ēs (plural vocative)

Arte ſivè Chymice parata: ut Vitriolum ♃vis, ☽næ, ♂tis, ☉lis, ♀ris

1701, Johann Christoph Sommerhoff, Lexicon pharmaceutico-chymicum latino-germanicum & germanico-latinum [Pharmaceutico-Chemical Lexicon, Latin–German and German–Latin], page 399:

Those prepared by art or chemically: as vitriol of Jupiter, of the Moon, of Mars, of the Sun, of Venus


Saul

Saūl m sg (variously declined, genitive Saūl or Saūlis); indeclinable, third declension

Saūl (canonical masculine singular)
Saūl (genitive)
Saūlis (genitive)
Saūl (nominative singular)
Saūl (genitive singular)
Saūlis (genitive singular)
Saūl (dative singular)
Saūlī (dative singular)
Saūl (accusative singular)
Saūlem (accusative singular)
Saūl (ablative singular)
Saūle (ablative singular)
Saūl (singular vocative)

From Biblical Hebrew שָׁאוּל (shaúl, “asked for”).


senator

la-noun

senātor m (genitive senātōris, feminine senātrīx); third declension

senātor (canonical masculine)
senātōris (genitive)
senātrīx (feminine)
senātor (nominative singular)
senātōrēs (nominative plural)
senātōris (genitive singular)
senātōrum (genitive plural)
senātōrī (dative singular)
senātōribus (dative plural)
senātōrem (accusative singular)
senātōrēs (accusative plural)
senātōre (ablative singular)
senātōribus (ablative plural)
senātor (singular vocative)
senātōrēs (plural vocative)

English: senator

desctree

French: sénateur
→ Romanian: senator
→ Turkish: senatör

Galician: senador

Irish: seanadóir

Italian: senatore

Middle Iranian: (As title of Roman politicians)

desc

Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭎𐭀𐭍𐭕𐭅𐭓 (sʾntwr /sāntūr/)

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭮𐭠𐭭𐭲𐭥𐭥 (sʾntwr /sāntōr/)

Norman: sénateu

Portuguese: senador

Russian: сена́тор (senátor)

Sicilian: sinaturi

Spanish: senador

Welsh: henadur

[s̠ɛˈnäːt̪ɔr]

From senātus (“senate”) + -tor, originally from senex (“old”).

(politics) senator (a member of the Roman Senate)


avunculus

la-noun

avunculus m (genitive avunculī); second declension

avunculī (genitive)
avunculus (nominative singular)
avunculī (nominative plural)
avunculī (genitive singular)
avunculōrum (genitive plural)
avunculō (dative singular)
avunculīs (dative plural)
avunculum (accusative singular)
avunculōs (accusative plural)
avunculō (ablative singular)
avunculīs (ablative plural)
avuncule (singular vocative)
avunculī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: unchi, unchiu

North Italian:

Old Venetan: avoncoli (plural, hapax)

⇒ Romansch: aug, ô, oc (Sutsilvan)

Gallo-Romance:

Old Franco-Provençal: uncle, onclo, hunclo

Franco-Provençal: onclle, oncllo

Oïl:

desc

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: ouncle, onclïe, onquille

Norman: aonclle (Guernsey), oncl'ye (Jersey), onque

Old French: oncle (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: avoncle, avonclo, oncle

Catalan: oncle, onclo

Old Occitan: avoncle, auncle, aoncle, oncle

Occitan: oncle

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: ungël, ungj

[äˈu̯ʊŋkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

By surface analysis, avus + -unculus. Actually from an n-stem noun suffixed with -culus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₂-on-, a dialectal diminutive of *h₂éwh₂ō (“grandfather, adult male relative other than one’s father”) (whence also Proto-Celtic *awontīr (“uncle”) and possibly Proto-Germanic *awô (“grandfather”), from *h₂éwh₂os (“older male relative”)), whence also avus (“grandfather”).


pes

la-noun

pēs m (genitive pedis); third declension

pēs (canonical masculine)
pedis (genitive)
pēs (nominative singular)
pedēs (nominative plural)
pedis (genitive singular)
pedum (genitive plural)
pedī (dative singular)
pedibus (dative plural)
pedem (accusative singular)
pedēs (accusative plural)
pede (ablative singular)
pedibus (ablative plural)
pēs (singular vocative)
pedēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

⇒ Aromanian: pezã

Romanian: piez ⇒ piază

Dalmatian:

pi

Italo-Romance

Corsican: pede

Gallurese: pedi

Italian: piede

→ Esperanto: piedo

→ Ladino: piede (regional)

Neapolitan: pede

Sassarese: pedi

Sicilian: pedi, peri

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: pît

Romansch: pe

Padanian:

Istriot: peîe, pèie

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: pê

Piedmontese: pe

Romagnol: pè, pid (Rimini, San Marino)

Venetan: piè

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pièd

Norman: pid, pyid

desctree

Old French: pié, pé (Anglo-Norman), *pied, *piet
Middle French: pied
French: pied
Walloon: pî

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: peu

Old Occitan: pe
Occitan: pè

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: pie

Extremaduran: pie

Leonese: pía

Mirandese: pie

Navarro-Aragonese: pie, pied

Aragonese: piet

Old Galician-Portuguese: pee
Galician: pé
Portuguese: pé

Old Spanish: pie
Ladino: pye
Spanish: pie

Sardinian:

Campidanese: pei

Logudorese: pe

Nuorese: pede

Derived forms:

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pedicāre

Catalan: petjar

Borrowings:

→ English: pes

→ Ido: pedo

→ Interlingua: pede

→⇒ German: stante pede

From Proto-Italic *pets, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (compare Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) and Old English fōt, whence English foot).

vāde, liber, verbīsque meīs loca grāta salūtā:

Go, [my] book, and greet with my words [those] beloved places: at least I shall reach [them] with the ‘foot’ that is allowed!
(The exiled poet puns that the metrical “feet” of his poem shall go where his own “feet” cannot.)

(poetry) a metrical foot: the basic unit of metered poetry

(furniture) the bottom of a leg of a table, chair, stool, etc.


patruus

la-noun

patruus m (genitive patruī); second declension

patruī (genitive)
patruus (nominative singular)
patruī (nominative plural)
patruī (genitive singular)
patruōrum (genitive plural)
patruō (dative singular)
patruīs (dative plural)
patruum (accusative singular)
patruōs (accusative plural)
patruō (ablative singular)
patruīs (ablative plural)
patrue (singular vocative)
patruī (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tr̥wyos (“paternal uncle”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *fadurwijô (“paternal uncle”).


Medusa

la-proper noun

Medūsa f sg (genitive Medūsae); first declension

Medūsa (canonical feminine singular)
Medūsae (genitive)
Medūsa (nominative singular)
Medūsae (genitive singular)
Medūsae (dative singular)
Medūsam (accusative singular)
Medūsā (ablative singular)
Medūsa (singular vocative)

[mɛˈd̪uːs̠ä]

From Ancient Greek Μέδουσα (Médousa), from μέδω (médō, “rule over”).


frater uterinus

la-noun

frāter uterīnus m (genitive frātris uterīnī); third declension

frāter uterīnus (canonical masculine)
frātris uterīnī (genitive)
frāter uterīnus (nominative singular)
frātrēs uterīnī (nominative plural)
frātris uterīnī (genitive singular)
frātrum uterīnōrum (genitive plural)
frātrī uterīnō (dative singular)
frātribus uterīnīs (dative plural)
frātrem uterīnum (accusative singular)
frātrēs uterīnōs (accusative plural)
frātre uterīnō (ablative singular)
frātribus uterīnīs (ablative plural)
frāter uterīne (singular vocative)
frātrēs uterīnī (plural vocative)

[ˈfräːt̪ɛr ʊt̪ɛˈriːnʊs̠]

Coordinate term: frāter cōnsanguineus

the son of someone’s mother who has a different father; maternal half brother


frater consanguineus

frāter cōnsanguineus m (genitive frātris cōnsanguineī); third declension

frāter cōnsanguineus (canonical masculine)
frātris cōnsanguineī (genitive)
frāter cōnsanguineus (nominative singular)
frātrēs cōnsanguineī (nominative plural)
frātris cōnsanguineī (genitive singular)
frātrum cōnsanguineōrum (genitive plural)
frātrī cōnsanguineō (dative singular)
frātribus cōnsanguineīs (dative plural)
frātrem cōnsanguineum (accusative singular)
frātrēs cōnsanguineōs (accusative plural)
frātre cōnsanguineō (ablative singular)
frātribus cōnsanguineīs (ablative plural)
frāter cōnsanguinee (singular vocative)
frātrēs cōnsanguineī (plural vocative)

[ˈfräːt̪ɛr kõːs̠äŋˈɡʷɪneʊs̠]

Coordinate term: frāter uterīnus

the son of someone’s father who has a different mother; paternal half brother


ala

āla (canonical feminine)
ālae (genitive)
āla (nominative singular)
ālae (nominative plural)
ālae (genitive singular)
ālārum (genitive plural)
ālae (dative singular)
ālīs (dative plural)
ālam (accusative singular)
ālās (accusative plural)
ālā (ablative singular)
ālīs (ablative plural)
āla (singular vocative)
ālae (plural vocative)

Asturian: ala

Catalan: ala

Dalmatian: jal

Franco-Provençal: âla

Friulian: ale

Gallurese: ala

Italian: ala

Ligurian: âa

Occitan: ala

desctree

Old French: aile f
Middle French: aisle f, aesle, æsle
French: aile f
→ Middle English: ele
English: aisle

Old Galician-Portuguese: aa

Galician: á

Portuguese: á

Romansch: ala, ela

Sardinian: aba, ala, àua

Sassarese: ara

Sicilian: ala

Spanish: ala

Venetan: ała

→ English: ala, ali-

→ Esperanto: alo

→ Galician: ala

→ Portuguese: ala

For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).

(architecture) wings, side halls or porches, waiting areas, colonnades, side apartments (side rooms off the main room, the side apartments on the right and left of a court)

(military) a wing (portion of an army, cavalry force (usually) deployed on an army's flank)


chorus

la-noun

chorus m (genitive chorī); second declension

chorī (genitive)
chorus (nominative singular)
chorī (nominative plural)
chorī (genitive singular)
chorōrum (genitive plural)
chorō (dative singular)
chorīs (dative plural)
chorum (accusative singular)
chorōs (accusative plural)
chorō (ablative singular)
chorīs (ablative plural)
chore (singular vocative)
chorī (plural vocative)

Catalan: cor

→ English: chorus

→ French: chorus

→ Irish: cór

German: Chor

Italian: coro

Old French: quer, cuer

→ English: choir

French: chœur

Polish: chór

Portuguese: coro

Romanian: cor

→ Russian: хор m (xor)

Spanish: coro

→ Welsh: côr

From Ancient Greek χορός (khorós), a group of actors who recite and sing together.

Quālis in Eurōtae rīpīs aut per iuga Cynthī

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.498–499

Such as [when], along the banks of the Eurotas, or through the heights of Mount Cynthus, Diana leads [her] dancers ….

chorus (all forms); a performance with dancing and singing; a troop or band of dancers and singers; performers


matertera

mātertera f (genitive māterterae); first declension

mātertera (canonical feminine)
māterterae (genitive)
mātertera (nominative singular)
māterterae (nominative plural)
māterterae (genitive singular)
māterterārum (genitive plural)
māterterae (dative singular)
māterterīs (dative plural)
māterteram (accusative singular)
māterterās (accusative plural)
māterterā (ablative singular)
māterterīs (ablative plural)
mātertera (singular vocative)
māterterae (plural vocative)

[mäːˈt̪ɛrt̪ɛrä]

From māter (“mother”) and the contrastive suffix *-teros which is also found in magister and minister.


amita

amita f (genitive amitae); first declension

amitae (genitive)
amita (nominative singular)
amitae (nominative plural)
amitae (genitive singular)
amitārum (genitive plural)
amitae (dative singular)
amitīs (dative plural)
amitam (accusative singular)
amitās (accusative plural)
amitā (ablative singular)
amitīs (ablative plural)
amita (singular vocative)
amitae (plural vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: amia

Istriot: gnagna

Galloitalic

Lombard: àmeda, anda

Piedmontese: magna

Ligurian: àmia

desctree

Old French: ante, aunte (Anglo-Norman)
→ Middle English: aunte, ante, aunt, awnte, naunte
English: aunt (see there for further descendants)
Scots: aunt
Middle French: tante
French: tante (see there for further descendants)
Norman: tante, tànte

Old Occitan: anda

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: agne, gnagne

Ladin: anda, amdä

Romansch: onda

Venetan: àmia, àmeda, gnagna

→ Cimbrian: amada, gnégna

Vulgar Latin: *mita

⇒ Romanian: mătușă (+ -ușă (diminutive suffix))

→ Albanian: emtë

Diminutive of Proto-Indo-European *amma, *ama (“mother”), a lost baby-word of the papa-type; compare amō (“I love”), Old High German amma (“wet nurse”).

onomatopoeic

baby


disco

la-verb

discō (present infinitive discere, perfect active didicī, supine discitum); third conjugation

discō (canonical)
discere (infinitive present)
didicī (active perfect)
discitum (supine)
discō (active first-person indicative present singular)
discis (active indicative present second-person singular)
discit (active indicative present singular third-person)
discimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
discitis (active indicative plural present second-person)
discunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
discēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
discēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
discēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
discēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
discēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
discēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
discam (active first-person future indicative singular)
discēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
discet (active future indicative singular third-person)
discēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
discētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
discent (active future indicative plural third-person)
didicī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
didicistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
didicit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
didicimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
didicistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
didicērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
didicēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
didiceram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
didicerās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
didicerat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
didicerāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
didicerātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
didicerant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
didicerō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
didiceris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
didicerit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
didicerimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
didiceritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
didicerint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
discor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
disceris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
discere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
discitur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
discimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
disciminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
discuntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
discēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
discēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
discēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
discēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
discēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
discēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
discēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
discar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
discēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
discēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
discētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
discēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
discēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
discentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
discam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
discās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
discat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
discāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
discātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
discant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
discerem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
discerēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
disceret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
discerēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
discerētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
discerent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
didicerim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
didicerīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
didicerit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
didicerīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
didicerītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
didicerint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
didicissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
didicissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
didicisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
didicissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
didicissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
didicissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
discar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
discāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
discāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
discātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
discāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
discāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
discantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
discerer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
discerēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
discerēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
discerētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
discerēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
discerēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
discerentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
disce (active imperative present second-person singular)
discite (active imperative plural present second-person)
discitō (active future imperative second-person singular)
discitō (active future imperative singular third-person)
discitōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
discuntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
discere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
disciminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
discitor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
discitor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
discuntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
discere (active infinitive present)
didicisse (active infinitive perfect)
discitūrum esse (active future infinitive)
discī (infinitive passive present)
discitum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
discitum īrī (future infinitive passive)
discēns (active participle present)
discitūrus (active future participle)
discitus (participle passive perfect)
discendus (future participle passive)
discundus (future participle passive)
discendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
discendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
discendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
discendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
discitum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
discitū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *dɨskɨd

Breton: deskiñ

Cornish: dyski

Welsh: dysgu

From Proto-Italic *diskō, from earlier *dikskō, from Proto-Indo-European *di-dḱ-ské-ti, a reduplicated durative, inchoative and suffixed verb from the root *deḱ- (“to take”). From the same root as doceō; unrelated to discipulus.
Cognates include Ancient Greek δέχομαι (dékhomai), whereas δαῆναι (daênai) is attributed to another root, *dens-, together with δεδαώς (dedaṓs), δήνεα (dḗnea) and διδάσκω (didáskō).

Aut disce aut discēde.

artem discere

aliquid ab aliquo discere


acinaces

la-noun

acīnacēs m (genitive acīnacis); third declension

acīnacēs (canonical masculine)
acīnacis (genitive)
acīnacēs (nominative singular)
acīnacēs (nominative plural)
acīnacis (genitive singular)
acīnacium (genitive plural)
acīnacī (dative singular)
acīnacibus (dative plural)
acīnacem (accusative singular)
acīnacēs (accusative plural)
acīnacīs (accusative plural)
acīnace (ablative singular)
acīnacibus (ablative plural)
acīnacēs (singular vocative)
acīnacēs (plural vocative)

[äˈt͡ʃiːnät͡ʃes]

a sword used by the Persians, a scimitar


saga

sāga f (genitive sāgae); first declension

sāga (canonical feminine)
sāgae (genitive)
sāga (nominative singular)
sāgae (nominative plural)
sāgae (genitive singular)
sāgārum (genitive plural)
sāgae (dative singular)
sāgīs (dative plural)
sāgam (accusative singular)
sāgās (accusative plural)
sāgā (ablative singular)
sāgīs (ablative plural)
sāga (singular vocative)
sāgae (plural vocative)

Italian: saga

→ Translingual: Saga

Substantivisation of the female form of sāgus (“soothsaying”).

a female soothsayer, diviner, fortune-teller, prophetess, witch

(metonymically) magic, magical phenomena or practitioners, supernatural events


consobrina

cōnsobrīna f (genitive cōnsobrīnae, masculine cōnsobrīnus); first declension

cōnsobrīna (canonical feminine)
cōnsobrīnae (genitive)
cōnsobrīnus (masculine)
cōnsobrīna (nominative singular)
cōnsobrīnae (nominative plural)
cōnsobrīnae (genitive singular)
cōnsobrīnārum (genitive plural)
cōnsobrīnae (dative singular)
cōnsobrīnīs (dative plural)
cōnsobrīnam (accusative singular)
cōnsobrīnās (accusative plural)
cōnsobrīnā (ablative singular)
cōnsobrīnīs (ablative plural)
cōnsobrīna (singular vocative)
cōnsobrīnae (plural vocative)


consobrinus

cōnsobrīnus m (genitive cōnsobrīnī, feminine cōnsobrīna); second declension

cōnsobrīnus (canonical masculine)
cōnsobrīnī (genitive)
cōnsobrīna (feminine)
cōnsobrīnus (nominative singular)
cōnsobrīnī (nominative plural)
cōnsobrīnī (genitive singular)
cōnsobrīnōrum (genitive plural)
cōnsobrīnō (dative singular)
cōnsobrīnīs (dative plural)
cōnsobrīnum (accusative singular)
cōnsobrīnōs (accusative plural)
cōnsobrīnō (ablative singular)
cōnsobrīnīs (ablative plural)
cōnsobrīne (singular vocative)
cōnsobrīnī (plural vocative)

Late Latin: cosinus

Old French: cosin

French: cousin

→ English: cousin

→ Dutch: kozijn

→ German: Cousin, Cousine

→ Swedish: kusin

→ Polish: kuzyn

→ Ukrainian: кузе́н (kuzén)

→ Russian: кузе́н (kuzén)

→ Turkish: kuzen

Lorrain: cugin

Norman: cousin, couôsîn, couôthîn

Walloon: cuzén

Aromanian: cusurin

Catalan: cosí

Occitan: cosin

Dalmatian: cosobrain

Franco-Provençal: cusin

Romansch: cusrin, cusregn, cusdrin

Friulian: cusin

Italian: consobrino, cugino

Portuguese: consobrinho

Sicilian: cucinu

Venetan: cuxin

Albanian: kushëri

Esperanto: kuzo, kuzino

Ido: kuzo, kuzino


lituus

lituus m (genitive lituī); second declension

lituī (genitive)
lituus (nominative singular)
lituī (nominative plural)
lituī (genitive singular)
lituōrum (genitive plural)
lituō (dative singular)
lituīs (dative plural)
lituum (accusative singular)
lituōs (accusative plural)
lituō (ablative singular)
lituīs (ablative plural)
litue (singular vocative)
lituī (plural vocative)

[ˈlʲɪt̪uʊs̠]

From Etruscan or from Proto-Indo-European *(e)lAi- (“to bend”). Compare English lith and German Glied (“limb”).


autor

la-noun

autor m (genitive autōris); third declension

autōris (genitive)
autor (nominative singular)
autōrēs (nominative plural)
autōris (genitive singular)
autōrum (genitive plural)
autōrī (dative singular)
autōribus (dative plural)
autōrem (accusative singular)
autōrēs (accusative plural)
autōre (ablative singular)
autōribus (ablative plural)
autor (singular vocative)
autōrēs (plural vocative)

Late variant of auctor under influence of descendants such as Italian autore.

(New Latin, proscribed) Alternative form of auctor: source, creator, vendor, author, artist.


tmesis

tmēsis f (genitive tmēsis); third declension

tmēsis (canonical feminine)
tmēsis (genitive)
tmēsis (nominative singular)
tmēsēs (nominative plural)
tmēsis (genitive singular)
tmēsium (genitive plural)
tmēsī (dative singular)
tmēsibus (dative plural)
tmēsin (accusative singular)
tmēsim (accusative singular)
tmēsēs (accusative plural)
tmēsīs (accusative plural)
tmēsī (ablative singular)
tmēsibus (ablative plural)
tmēsis (singular vocative)
tmēsēs (plural vocative)

English: tmesis

French: tmèse

From Ancient Greek τμῆσις (tmêsis, “a cutting”), from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”).

der

(grammar) The separation of a word, tmesis.


plumbum

la-noun

plumbum n (genitive plumbī); second declension

plumbī (genitive)
plumbum (nominative singular)
plumba (nominative plural)
plumbī (genitive singular)
plumbōrum (genitive plural)
plumbō (dative singular)
plumbīs (dative plural)
plumbum (accusative singular)
plumba (accusative plural)
plumbō (ablative singular)
plumbīs (ablative plural)
plumbum (singular vocative)
plumba (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: pliumbu, pljumbu

Romanian: plumb

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: piombu

Italian: piombo

Neapolitan: chiummo

Sicilian: chiummu

Padanian:

Emilian: piòmb

Friulian: plomp, plomb

Ligurian: cióngio

Lombard: piomb, piom

Piedmontese: piomb

Romagnol: piòmb

Romansch: plum, plùn m, plùm m, plom m

Venetan: piònbo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: plomb

Middle French: plomb

French: plomb ⇒ plombe

→ German: Plombe

→ Middle English: plumbe, plumme

English: plumb

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: plom

→? Asturian: plomu, plombu

q

→? Spanish: plomo (can also be from Aragonese or an early semi-borrowing)

Occitan: plomb

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: plomo, plom

Ribagorçan: pllom

Galician: chumbo

Portuguese: chumbo → prumo (semi-learned)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: peumu, piumbu, piumu, plumbu

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: plumb

→ English: plumbum

→ German: Plumbum

→ Limburgish: plómb

→ Malay: plumbum

→ Proto-Brythonic: *plum

Middle Welsh: plwm

Welsh: plwm

[ˈpɫ̪ʊmbʊ̃ˑ]

Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”); however, this is repudiated by Beekes, who instead connects the Latin term to Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom (“lead”). De Vaan accepts this cognate pairing, but notes that the Latin and Celtic terms would have to be borrowed from a substrate language due to phonetic mismatches if the Latin were inherited directly from Proto-Indo-European *plowdʰo- (“lead”). Said substrate may be Etruscan, Iberian, or some other pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language; compare Proto-Berber *būldūn.


later

la-noun

later m (genitive lateris); third declension

lateris (genitive)
later (nominative singular)
laterēs (nominative plural)
lateris (genitive singular)
laterum (genitive plural)
laterī (dative singular)
lateribus (dative plural)
laterem (accusative singular)
laterēs (accusative plural)
latere (ablative singular)
lateribus (ablative plural)
later (singular vocative)
laterēs (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”), or from *stelh₃- (“broad”) (in which case latus (“side, flank”) would be its neuter form).


Persephone

la-proper noun

Persephonē f sg (genitive Persephonēs); first declension

Persephonē (canonical feminine singular)
Persephonēs (genitive)
Persephonē (nominative singular)
Persephonēs (genitive singular)
Persephonae (dative singular)
Persephonēn (accusative singular)
Persephonē (ablative singular)
Persephonē (singular vocative)

From the Ancient Greek Περσεφόνη (Persephónē).

(Greek mythology) Persephone (Greek goddess)


virago

la-noun

virāgō f (genitive virāginis); third declension

virāgō (canonical feminine)
virāginis (genitive)
virāgō (nominative singular)
virāginēs (nominative plural)
virāginis (genitive singular)
virāginum (genitive plural)
virāginī (dative singular)
virāginibus (dative plural)
virāginem (accusative singular)
virāginēs (accusative plural)
virāgine (ablative singular)
virāginibus (ablative plural)
virāgō (singular vocative)
virāginēs (plural vocative)

→ Italian: virago

→ English: virago

→ French: virago

→ German: Virago

→ Portuguese: virago

[u̯ɪˈräːɡoː]


Biblia

la-prop

Biblia n pl (genitive Bibliōrum); second declension

Bibliōrum (genitive)
Biblia (nominative plural)
Bibliōrum (genitive plural)
Bibliīs (dative plural)
Biblia (accusative plural)
Bibliīs (ablative plural)
Biblia (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βῐβλῐ́ᾰ (biblía, plural of βῐβλῐ́ον (biblíon, “document; book”)).

bor+

plural of <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">βῐβλῐ́ον</i> (biblíon, “document; book”)


pilum

la-noun

pīlum n (genitive pīlī); second declension

pīlum (canonical neuter)
pīlī (genitive)
pīlum (nominative singular)
pīla (nominative plural)
pīlī (genitive singular)
pīlōrum (genitive plural)
pīlō (dative singular)
pīlīs (dative plural)
pīlum (accusative singular)
pīla (accusative plural)
pīlō (ablative singular)
pīlīs (ablative plural)
pīlum (singular vocative)
pīla (plural vocative)

Dutch: pijl

English: pile

French: pile

German: Pfeil

Italian: pilo, pillo

→ Portuguese: pilo (learned)

Romanian: pil

Spanish: pilo

Swedish: pil

From Proto-Italic *pistlom, from Proto-Indo-European *pistlom, from *peys- (“to crush”). See pistillum and pīla.


Orion

la-proper noun

Ōrīōn m sg (genitive Ōrīōnis); third declension

Ōrīōn (canonical masculine singular)
Ōrīōnis (genitive)
Ōrīōn (nominative singular)
Ōrīōnis (genitive singular)
Ōrīōnī (dative singular)
Ōrīōnem (accusative singular)
Ōrīōne (ablative singular)
Ōrīōn (singular vocative)

→ Middle English: Orioun (learned)

English: Orion

→ Portuguese: Orion (learned)

→ Sicilian: Uriuni


Aphrodite

Aphrodītē f sg (genitive Aphrodītēs); first declension

Aphrodītē (canonical feminine singular)
Aphrodītēs (genitive)
Aphrodītē (nominative singular)
Aphrodītēs (genitive singular)
Aphrodītae (dative singular)
Aphrodītēn (accusative singular)
Aphrodītē (ablative singular)
Aphrodītē (singular vocative)

[äpʰrɔˈd̪iːt̪eː]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē).


prior

la-adj

prior (neuter prius, superlative prīmus); third-declension comparative adjective

prius (neuter)
prīmus (superlative)
prior (feminine masculine nominative singular)
prius (neuter nominative singular)
priōrēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
priōra (neuter nominative plural)
priōris (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
priōrum (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
priōrī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
priōribus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
priōrem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
prius (accusative neuter singular)
priōrēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
priōrīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
priōra (accusative neuter plural)
priōre (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
priōrī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
priōribus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
prior (feminine masculine singular vocative)
prius (neuter singular vocative)
priōrēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
priōra (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: prior

→ Czech: převor

→ Dutch: prior

→ English: prior

→ Finnish: priori

→ French: prieur

→ Irish: prióir

→ Galician: prior

→ Italian: priore

→ Middle High German: prior

German: Prior

→ Norwegian Bokmål: priori

→ Polish: przeor

→ Romanian: prior

→ Russian: приор (prior)

→ Spanish: prior

→ Portuguese: prior

From Proto-Italic *priōs, from earlier *prijōs, from *pri + *-jōs, thus the comparative degree of Old Latin *pri (“before”), from Proto-Italic *pri from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“beyond”), *pró (“before”).

(substantive, Medieval Latin) abbot, prior


tempus

la-noun

tempus n (genitive temporis); third declension

temporis (genitive)
tempus (nominative singular)
tempora (nominative plural)
temporis (genitive singular)
temporum (genitive plural)
temporī (dative singular)
temporibus (dative plural)
tempus (accusative singular)
tempora (accusative plural)
tempore (ablative singular)
temporibus (ablative plural)
tempus (singular vocative)
tempora (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Megleno-Romanian: timp

Romanian: timp

Franco-Provençal: temps

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: tempo

Lombard: temp

Piedmontese: temp

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: tempu

Dalmatian: tiamp

Istriot: tenpo

Italian: tempo (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: tiempo

Sicilian: tempu

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: timp

Ladin: tëmp

Romansch: temp, taimp, tains

Occitano-Romance

Old Catalan: temps

Catalan: temps

desctree

Old Occitan: tems
Occitan: tèms, tems, temps

Oïl

Old French: temps (see there for further descendants)

Venetan: tenpo, tènp

West Iberian

Asturian: tiempu

Old Galician-Portuguese: tempo

Galician: tempo

Portuguese: tempo

Spanish: tiempo

Borrowings

→ Finnish: tempus

→ Norwegian Bokmål: tempus

→ Russian: темп (temp)

→ Sardinian: tempus

→ Swedish: tempus

→ Middle Welsh: tymhor

Welsh: tymor

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tempula, *templa

Catalan: templa

Italian: tempia

Old French: temple
French: tempe
→ Middle English: temple
English: temple

Romanian: tâmplă

⇒ Asturian: tenllera

⇒ Galician: tempas

→ Basque: denbora

→ Italian: tempora

→ Portuguese: têmpora

→ Sicilian: tèmpura

→ Spanish: témpora

From Proto-Italic *tempos. Two ultimate roots/origins have been proposed:
* From Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the extension *temp- of the root *ten- (“to stretch, string”), with meaning development "what is stretched, stretching" → "stretch (of time)" → "time, occasion".
* From Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”), thus "a section (of time)", this root also giving Latin temnō, tondeō, Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō); compare the etymology of English time. templum is a possible cognate that has also been assigned to both roots.
Sense 2 is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek τὰ καίρῐᾰ (tà kaíria, “the vital or fatal place (on the body)”), from καιρός (kairós, “time, opportunity, etc.”), and is less frequent in singular form. Compare Old English þunwang (“temple of the head”), Middle High German tinne, tinge (“forehead, temples”).
As seen from the adverb temperī, the noun would originally have declined like genus.

cog

(poetry, rhetoric) time; measure, quantity

(grammar) a tense (property of a verb that indicates the point in time at which an action or state of being occurs)


femina

la-noun

fēmina f (genitive fēminae); first declension

fēmina (canonical feminine)
fēminae (genitive)
fēmina (nominative singular)
fēminae (nominative plural)
fēminae (genitive singular)
fēminārum (genitive plural)
fēminae (dative singular)
fēminīs (dative plural)
fēminam (accusative singular)
fēminās (accusative plural)
fēminā (ablative singular)
fēminīs (ablative plural)
fēmina (singular vocative)
fēminae (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

femia

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: feamin

Romanian: famen

→ Albanian: femër, femën — Gheg

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: femina

Istriot: fimana

Italian: femmina

Neapolitan: femmena

Sicilian: fìmmina

Sardinian:

femina, emina, femia

Padanian:

Lombard: femna, fomna, fonna

Friulian: femine

Ladin: femena

Piedmontese: fomna, fombra, fomla

Romansch: femna

Venetan: fémena

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: fèna

desctree

Old French: fame, fam, feme
Bourbonnais-Berrichon: fonne
Bourguignon: fanne, fonne
Champenois: fanme, fonme, fomme
Gallo: fame, fom
Lorrain: fomme
Middle French: femme (see there for further descendants)
Norman: femme, fâme, faume, faumme (Guernsey), foume (continental Normandy), fenme (Cotentin), foume, fenme
Picard: fanme, féme, feume
Walloon: feme
→ Middle English: femme, feme
English: femme, feme

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: fembra

Old Occitan: femna, feme

Occitan: femna, (Gascon) hemna, frema

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: fema

Old Galician-Portuguese: femea, femẽa, femẽa
Galician: femia, fema, fémea
Portuguese: fêmeo, fêmea

Old Spanish: femna, fembra, fembra
Spanish: hembra
→ English: hembra

Borrowings:

→ Ido: femino

→ English: femina (perhaps via Italian)

→ Spanish: fémina

From Proto-Italic *fēmanā, from earlier *θēmanā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“[the one] nursing, breastfeeding”), the feminine mediopassive participle of *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”). Related to fellō, fētus, fīlius.

der

conveniunt, quibus aut odium crudele tyranni
aut metus acer erat; navis, quae forte paratae,
corripiunt, onerantque auro: portantur avari

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.361–364

Those came together that either felt ruthless hate or bitter fear for their tyrant. They seized ships that had incidentally already been arranged and loaded them with gold. The treasures of avaricious Pygmalion were carried to the sea; the leader of the action was a woman.

Pygmalionis opes pelago; dux femina facti.

Prius quam messim facies, porcam praecidaneam hoc modo fieri oportet. Cereri porca praecidanea porco femina, prius quam hasce fruges condantur: far, triticum, hordeum, fabam, semen rapicium. thure, vino Iano Iovi Iunoni praefato, prius quam porcum feminam immolabis.

234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 134.1

Before you carry out the harvest, it is proper to offer the porca praecidanea in this manner. Offer to Ceres a female pig as porca praecidanea before these crops are stored: emmer, wheat, barley, beans, and rapeseed. With incense and wine, offer a prayer to Janus, Jupiter, and Juno before you sacrifice the female pig.

Nam primum aliae (bestiae) mares, aliae feminae sunt, quod perpetuitatis causa machinata natura est, deinde partes corporis et ad procreandum et ad concipiendum aptissimae, et in mari et in femina commiscendorum corporum mirae libidines; …

To begin with, some of them (animals) are of gender males, others females, the which is for nature's perpetuity wrought, whence of each their parts in procreation and conceiving be optimal, and so the wanton desires in male and female towards sexual union of their own body; …

“Paelicem” autem appellatam probrosamque habitam, quae iuncta consuetaque esset cum eo in cuius manu mancipioque alia matrimonii causa foret, hac antiquissima lege ostenditur, quam Numae regis fuisse accepimus: “Paelex aedem Iunonis ne tangito; si tangit, Iunoni crinibus demissis agnum feminam caedito.”

c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 4.3.3.6

1927 translation by John C. Rolfe
Moreover, a woman was called paelex, or “concubine,” and regarded as infamous, if she lived on terms of intimacy with a man who had another woman under his legal control in a state of matrimony, as is evident from this very ancient law, which we are told was one of king Numa’s: “Let no concubine touch the temple of Juno; if she touch it, let her, with hair unbound, offer up a ewe lamb to Juno.”


cena

la-noun

cēna f (genitive cēnae); first declension

cēna (canonical feminine)
cēnae (genitive)
cēna (nominative singular)
cēnae (nominative plural)
cēnae (genitive singular)
cēnārum (genitive plural)
cēnae (dative singular)
cēnīs (dative plural)
cēnam (accusative singular)
cēnās (accusative plural)
cēnā (ablative singular)
cēnīs (ablative plural)
cēna (singular vocative)
cēnae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: tsinã

Romanian: cină

Dalmatian:

caina

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cena

→ Sicilian: cena

Neapolitan: cena

Padanian:

Friulian: cene

Ligurian: çenn-a

Lombard: sèna, zèna, scèna, sina

Piedmontese: sin-a, sen-a, sèina, sna

Romansch: tschaina

Venetan: sena, çéna, ẑena

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: céna (dialectal)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

>? Aragonese: cena

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cẽa, cea
Galician: cea
Portuguese: ceia

Spanish: cena

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: chena (Logudorese), cena (Campidanese)

Borrowings

→ Catalan: cena

→ French: cène, Cène

→ Occitan: cena

→ Proto-Brythonic: *kinjọ

Breton: koan

Cornish: koen

Welsh: cinio

From Old Latin cesna, from Proto-Italic *kertsnā (compare Umbrian śesna, Oscan kersnu), from Proto-Indo-European *kért-sneh₂ (“portion”), from root *(s)kert- (“to cut”), from *(s)ker- (compare Lithuanian kérti, Armenian քերթել (kʻertʻel, “to skin”), Sanskrit कृन्तति (kṛntáti, “he cuts (in pieces)”)). Related to cortex, scortum.

cog

(Medieval Latin, law, historical) gwestva (a duty levied by Welsh kings twice a year upon the free men of their kingdom)


Argus

la-noun

Argus m sg (genitive Argī); second declension

Argī (genitive)
Argus (nominative singular)
Argī (genitive singular)
Argō (dative singular)
Argum (accusative singular)
Argō (ablative singular)
Arge (singular vocative)


atrium

ātrium n (genitive ātriī or ātrī); second declension

ātrium (canonical neuter)
ātriī (genitive)
ātrī (genitive)
ātrium (nominative singular)
ātria (nominative plural)
ātriī (genitive singular)
ātrī (genitive singular)
ātriōrum (genitive plural)
ātriō (dative singular)
ātriīs (dative plural)
ātrium (accusative singular)
ātria (accusative plural)
ātriō (ablative singular)
ātriīs (ablative plural)
ātrium (singular vocative)
ātria (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: aitre

French: aître

q

Norman: aistre (merged with some Norse root, hence the unetymological ⟨s⟩)

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: adriu ⇒ adral

Galician: adro

Portuguese: adro

Borrowed:

→ Catalan: atri

→ English: atrium

→ Galician: atrio

→ Hungarian: átrium

→ Irish: aitriam

→ Italian: atrio

→ Portuguese: átrio

→ Romanian: atriu

→ Spanish: atrio

[ˈäːt̪riʊ̃ˑ]

* Either from Ancient Greek αἴθριον (aíthrion, “under the sky, open”) (see αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “clear sky, heaven”)),
* or related to Latin āter, Umbrian 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌖 (atru), Oscan 𐌀𐌀𐌃𐌝𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (aadíriis), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁tr-yom,
* or from Etruscan 𐌀𐌈𐌓𐌄 (aθre, “atrium, temple, house, domus”).
Related to Etruscan 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌 (atrium).

bor

It clāmor ad altā / ātria
An outcry goes up to the height of the [palace] halls.
(Translations vary – Mackail, 1885: “the high halls”; Knight, 1956: “the palace-roof”; Fitzgerald, 1981: “the high chambers”; West, 1990: “the high walls of the palace”; Ahl, 2007: “high through the courtyard’s open roof”; Ruden, 2021: “to the rooftop”.)

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.665–666

a welcoming room in a Roman villa; reception hall, main court


Europa

la-proper noun

Eurōpa f sg (genitive Eurōpae); first declension

Eurōpa (canonical feminine singular)
Eurōpae (genitive)
Eurōpa (nominative singular)
Eurōpae (genitive singular)
Eurōpae (dative singular)
Eurōpam (accusative singular)
Eurōpā (ablative singular)
Eurōpa (singular vocative)

Catalan: Europa

Italian: Europa

→ Sicilian: Europa

→ Turkish: Avrupa

Old French:

Middle French:

French: Europe

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Europa, Eyropa
Fala: Europa
Galician: Europa
Portuguese: Europa
→ Burmese: ဥရောပ (u.rau:pa.)
→ Hunsrik: Ëuropa
→ Japanese: ヨーロッパ (Yōroppa)

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Europa

Sicilian: Aurupa

Bulgarian: Европа (Evropa)

Mandarin: 歐羅巴／欧罗巴 (Ōuluóbā)

Middle Dutch: europa

Dutch: Europa (see there for further descendants)

Middle English: Europe
English: Europe, Europa (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Europe

Middle High German: Eurōpā
German: Europa

Romanian: Europa

Russian: Европа (Jevropa)

Borrowed from Doric Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa); cognate with Attic Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).

la:52 Europa
la:Europa
la:Europa (mythologia)
la:Europa (satelles)

(Greek mythology) Europa (daughter of Phoenician king Agenor who was abducted by Jupiter and carried to Crete)


opera

la-noun

opera f (genitive operae); first declension

operae (genitive)
opera (nominative singular)
operae (nominative plural)
operae (genitive singular)
operārum (genitive plural)
operae (dative singular)
operīs (dative plural)
operam (accusative singular)
operās (accusative plural)
operā (ablative singular)
operīs (ablative plural)
opera (singular vocative)
operae (plural vocative)

→? Albanian: vepër

Catalan: obra

Franco-Provençal: ôvra

Friulian: opare

Galician: obra

Italian: opera

→ Catalan: òpera

→ Dutch: opera

→ English: opera

→ French: opéra

desc

→ Arabic: أُوبِرَا (ʔūbirā)

→ Arabic: أُوبِرَا (ʔūbirā)

→ Galician: ópera

→ Portuguese: ópera

→ Romanian: operă

→ Russian: о́пера (ópera)

→ Spanish: ópera

→ Venetan: òpera, òpra, òpara

Occitan: òbra

Old French: uevre

English: ure

French: œuvre

→ Old Irish: opar

Irish: obair

Manx: obbyr

Scottish Gaelic: obair

Portuguese: obra

Rhonese: övra

Romansch: ovra

Sardinian: òbera, òpera

Sicilian: òpira

Spanish: huebra, obra

Venetan: ovra (obsolete)

Walloon: ouve

From opus, operis n (“work”), via reinterpretation of its nominative plural form as a feminine singular noun.

C. Octāvius pater a prīncipiō aetātis et rē et existimātiōne magnā fuit, ut equidem mīrer hunc quoque ā nōnnūllīs argentārium atque etiam inter dīvīsōrēs operāsque campestrēs prōditum; amplīs enim innūtrītus opibus honōrēs et adeptus est facile et ēgregiē administrāvit.

c. 69 CE – 122 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum 2 3.period1

The father Gaius Octavius was from the beginning of his age of great wealth as well as reputation, so that I wonder that he too is alleged by some to have been a money-changer and even among the electoral bribe distributors and aiders in the Campus Martius; for, brought up with ample riches, he obtained honours with ease as well as administering them excellently.

(derogatory, politics) hired aider, tool, rowdy

day labourer, farmhand
hired aider, tool, rowdy


scutum

la-noun

scūtum n (genitive scūtī); second declension

scūtum (canonical neuter)
scūtī (genitive)
scūtum (nominative singular)
scūta (nominative plural)
scūtī (genitive singular)
scūtōrum (genitive plural)
scūtō (dative singular)
scūtīs (dative plural)
scūtum (accusative singular)
scūta (accusative plural)
scūtō (ablative singular)
scūtīs (ablative plural)
scūtum (singular vocative)
scūta (plural vocative)

→ Proto-Albanian: *škūta (possibly)

Albanian: shqyt

Romanian: scut

→ English: scute, Scutum, scutum

Italian: scudo
→ English: scudo

Asturian: escudu

Franco-Provençal: êcu

Old French: escut

desctree

French: écu
→ English: écu
→ Turkish: ekü

Occitan: escut

Galician: escudo

Portuguese: escudo
→ English: escudo

Spanish: escudo

Friulian: scût

Sicilian: scutu

Greek: σκούτον (skoúton)

[ˈs̠kuːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Possibly from Proto-Italic *skoitom (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *skoy-tó-m (“piece of wood, sheath, shield”), from *skey- (“to cut, split”); cognate with Old Irish scíath (“shield”), Russian щит (ščit, “shield”). Alternative theories derive the term from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”) via *(s)kuH-tó-m.

der

(figuratively) a defense, protection, shelter


ballista

la-noun

ballista f (genitive ballistae); first declension

ballistae (genitive)
ballista (nominative singular)
ballistae (nominative plural)
ballistae (genitive singular)
ballistārum (genitive plural)
ballistae (dative singular)
ballistīs (dative plural)
ballistam (accusative singular)
ballistās (accusative plural)
ballistā (ablative singular)
ballistīs (ablative plural)
ballista (singular vocative)
ballistae (plural vocative)

Asturian: ballesta

Catalan: ballesta

→ Czech: balista

→ English: ballista

→ Finnish: ballista

French: baliste

Galician: bestra

⇒ Galician: balistrón, balastrón

Italian: balista, balestra

→ Portuguese: balestra

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: baesta
Galician: bésta
Portuguese: besta

Old Spanish: ballesta

Spanish: ballesta

Sicilian: balistra, balestra

→ Polish: balista

→ Portuguese: balista

→ Romanian: balistă

→ Russian: балли́ста (ballísta)

→ Spanish: balista

→ Swedish: ballista

[bälˈlʲɪs̠t̪ä]

From Ancient Greek βαλλίστρα (ballístra), from βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”).


arbiter

la-noun

arbiter m (genitive arbitrī, feminine arbitra); second declension

arbitrī (genitive)
arbitra (feminine)
arbiter (nominative singular)
arbitrī (nominative plural)
arbitrī (genitive singular)
arbitrōrum (genitive plural)
arbitrō (dative singular)
arbitrīs (dative plural)
arbitrum (accusative singular)
arbitrōs (accusative plural)
arbitrō (ablative singular)
arbitrīs (ablative plural)
arbiter (singular vocative)
arbitrī (plural vocative)

Portuguese: álvidro

→ Catalan: àrbitre

→ English: arbiter

desctree

→ French: arbitre
→ Russian: арбитр (arbitr)
→ Georgian: არბიტრი (arbiṭri)

→ Italian: arbitro

→ Portuguese: árbitro

→ Romanian: arbitru

→ Sicilian: àrbitru

→ Spanish: árbitro

Uncertain, but probably cognate to Umbrian ařputrati (“according to the judgement”, abl.sg.), corresponding to Latin arbitrātū. Possibly from ad- + baetō, with sporadic d > r as in arvorsum, arfuise, thus originally meaning "one that goes to something in order to see or hear it". However, that verb has no certain etymology, and the Umbrian pu remains unexplained. De Vaan suggests a derivation from putō to explain the Umbrian pu, however that is still morphologically difficult since the latter is based on an adjective. The voiced b would have to be exceptional or explained by some peculiarity of the řp sequence in Umbrian.

cog

(law) arbitrator, arbiter (having a wider power than a iūdex)


lictor

la-noun

līctor m (genitive līctōris, feminine līctrīx); third declension

līctor (canonical masculine)
līctōris (genitive)
līctrīx (feminine)
līctor (nominative singular)
līctōrēs (nominative plural)
līctōris (genitive singular)
līctōrum (genitive plural)
līctōrī (dative singular)
līctōribus (dative plural)
līctōrem (accusative singular)
līctōrēs (accusative plural)
līctōre (ablative singular)
līctōribus (ablative plural)
līctor (singular vocative)
līctōrēs (plural vocative)

English: lictor

French: licteur

Italian: littore

Polish: liktor

Spanish: lictor

Possibly from the same root as ligō, ligāre, ligāvī, ligātus (“to bind”). In this case, the reference might be to the fascis symbol and their role as a magistrates' attaché; see also ligation and liaison. The long vowel would be the result of Lachmann's law, as in āctor from agō. Aulus Gellius writes that Valgius Rufus derived līctor from ligandō, whereas Tiro Tullius, a freedman of Cicero, derived it from līcium. The same root has been dubiously connected to religiō. On the basis of the Albanian lidh (“to bind, tie”), the root is reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *leyǵ-, although the lack of other certain cognates makes it uncertain.


glans

glāns f (genitive glandis); third declension

glāns (canonical feminine)
glandis (genitive)
glāns (nominative singular)
glandēs (nominative plural)
glandis (genitive singular)
glandum (genitive plural)
glandī (dative singular)
glandibus (dative plural)
glandem (accusative singular)
glandēs (accusative plural)
glande (ablative singular)
glandibus (ablative plural)
glāns (singular vocative)
glandēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: gljindã

Romanian: ghindă

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ghianda, ajjanna (Reati)

Sicilian: ghianna

Calabrian: aghianda

Padanian:

Friulian: gland, glant

Ladin: gian

Piedmontese: giand, agian, gianda

desc

Romansch: glogn, glonda, galonda, glanda

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: glland, agllan, allan, llan

Valdôtain: llande, llan

Old French: glant, glande

French: gland, glande

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: glan

Belsetán: lan

Ribagorçan: llan

Old Catalan: glan, aglan

Catalan: gla, aglá

Old Occitan: glan, aglan

Occitan: agland (silent ⟨d⟩)

Gascon: gland

Vivaro-Alpine: gland, alhand

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: llande

Portuguese: lande

Spanish: lande (Álava), llande (regional?)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: landi

Logudorese: lande, landa

Nuorese: grande, lande, lanne

Vulgar Latin: glandinis

Neapolitan: ghialne (Andria)

Piedmontese: giandr

Sardinian: landiri (Campidanese)

Spanish: landre

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: gland

→ English: gland, glans

→ French: glande

→ Galician: glande

→ Italian: glande

→ Portuguese: glande

→ Romanian: gland

→ Russian: гла́нды (glándy)

→ Spanish: glande

From Proto-Italic *glānts, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”).

(weaponry) an acorn-shaped ball of lead or clay, hurled at the enemy

(transferred sense)
(New Latin, firearms) a bullet


Scylla

la-proper noun

Scylla f sg (genitive Scyllae); first declension

Scyllae (genitive)
Scylla (nominative singular)
Scyllae (genitive singular)
Scyllae (dative singular)
Scyllam (accusative singular)
Scyllā (ablative singular)
Scylla (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Scylla (a ravenous monster)


Pegasus

Pēgasus m sg (genitive Pēgasī); second declension

Pēgasus (canonical masculine singular)
Pēgasī (genitive)
Pēgasus (nominative singular)
Pēgasī (genitive singular)
Pēgasō (dative singular)
Pēgasum (accusative singular)
Pēgasō (ablative singular)
Pēgase (singular vocative)

[ˈpeːɡäs̠ʊs̠]

[ˈpɛːɡäs̬us]


gener fratris

la-noun

gener frātris m (genitive generī frātris); second declension

gener frātris (canonical masculine)
generī frātris (genitive)
gener frātris (nominative singular)
generī frātris (nominative plural)
generī frātris (genitive singular)
generōrum frātris (genitive plural)
generō frātris (dative singular)
generīs frātris (dative plural)
generum frātris (accusative singular)
generōs frātris (accusative plural)
generō frātris (ablative singular)
generīs frātris (ablative plural)
gener frātris (singular vocative)
generī frātris (plural vocative)

[ˈɡɛnɛr ˈfräːt̪rɪs̠]

Literally "son-in-law of brother", from gener (“son-in-law”) + frātris, genitive of frāter (“brother”)

son-in-law of someone's brother; fraternal nephew-in-law


ichneumon

ichneumōn m (genitive ichneumonis); third declension

ichneumōn (canonical masculine)
ichneumonis (genitive)
ichneumōn (nominative singular)
ichneumonēs (nominative plural)
ichneumonis (genitive singular)
ichneumonum (genitive plural)
ichneumonī (dative singular)
ichneumonibus (dative plural)
ichneumonem (accusative singular)
ichneumonēs (accusative plural)
ichneumone (ablative singular)
ichneumonibus (ablative plural)
ichneumōn (singular vocative)
ichneumonēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἰχνεύμων (ikhneúmōn, “tracker”), from ἴχνος (íkhnos, “track, footstep”).

bor

(mythology) a legendary animal, which kills crocodiles


imperium

la-noun

imperium n (genitive imperiī or imperī); second declension

imperiī (genitive)
imperī (genitive)
imperium (nominative singular)
imperia (nominative plural)
imperiī (genitive singular)
imperī (genitive singular)
imperiōrum (genitive plural)
imperiō (dative singular)
imperiīs (dative plural)
imperium (accusative singular)
imperia (accusative plural)
imperiō (ablative singular)
imperiīs (ablative plural)
imperium (singular vocative)
imperia (plural vocative)

Asturian: imperiu

Friulian: imperi

German: Imperium

Italian: imperio, impero

Old Catalan: emperi

Catalan: imperi

Occitan: empèri

Old French:

→ English: empire, empery, imperium

French: empire

→ Old Irish: impere, impire

Irish: impire

Scottish Gaelic: ìmpire

Old Galician-Portuguese: emperio

Portuguese: império

Piedmontese: imperi

Romanian: imperiu

desctree

→ Russian: импе́рия (impérija), импе́рія (impérija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Bashkir: империя (imperiya)
→ Kazakh: империя (imperiä)
→ Hebrew: אימפריה
→ Turkmen: imperiýa
→ Uzbek: imperiya
→ Yiddish: אימפּעריע (imperye)

Sicilian: mpiru

Spanish: imperio

→ Tagalog: imperyo

Venetan: inpero

[ɪmˈpɛriʊ̃ˑ]

From imperō (“command, order”) + -ium, from im- (form of in) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”).

imperium sine fīne dedī

“I have granted them empire without end.”
(The poetic voice is that of Jupiter speaking about the Romans.)

“quō postquam ventum est, ‘cōnsistitē!’ praescia māter

“After he had arrived there, his prophetic mother said, ‘Halt!, for that countryside will be the place of empire.’”
(The muse Calliope tells what the prophetess Carmenta said to Carmenta’s son, Evander of Pallantium, after his arrival in Italy.)

‘nam locus imperiī rūs erit istud’ ait.”

The empire, state, imperial government, realm, dominion.

Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1

The military authority of Quintus Fulvius and Appius Claudius, consuls of the previous year, was extended and the armies which they had were decided upon, and it was added as a proviso that they should not withdraw from Capua, which they were besieging, until they conquered it.

(military) Military authority, the command (of an army).


sepultura

la-noun

sepultūra f (genitive sepultūrae); first declension

sepultūra (canonical feminine)
sepultūrae (genitive)
sepultūra (nominative singular)
sepultūrae (nominative plural)
sepultūrae (genitive singular)
sepultūrārum (genitive plural)
sepultūrae (dative singular)
sepultūrīs (dative plural)
sepultūram (accusative singular)
sepultūrās (accusative plural)
sepultūrā (ablative singular)
sepultūrīs (ablative plural)
sepultūra (singular vocative)
sepultūrae (plural vocative)

Asturian: sepultura

Catalan: sepultura

English: sepulture

French: sépulture

Friulian: sepulture

Italian: sepoltura

Norman: sépultuthe

Old Galician-Portuguese: sepultura

Galician: sepultura

Portuguese: sepultura

Piedmontese: sepoltura

Romanian: sepultură

Spanish: sepultura

[s̠ɛpʊɫ̪ˈt̪uːrä]

From sepultus, perfect passive participle of sepeliō (“I bury”).

4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Tobit 2:10

Now it happened one day that being wearied with burying, he came to his house, and cast himself down by the wall and slept,

contigit autem ut quadam die fatigatus a sepultura veniens domum iactasset se iuxta parietem et obdormisset

A burial, funeral, interment, a sepulchering


comprehendo

la-verb

comprehendō (present infinitive comprehendere, perfect active comprehendī, supine comprehēnsum); third conjugation

comprehendō (canonical)
comprehendere (infinitive present)
comprehendī (active perfect)
comprehēnsum (supine)
comprehendō (active first-person indicative present singular)
comprehendis (active indicative present second-person singular)
comprehendit (active indicative present singular third-person)
comprehendimus (active first-person indicative plural present)
comprehenditis (active indicative plural present second-person)
comprehendunt (active indicative plural present third-person)
comprehendēbam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
comprehendēbās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
comprehendēbat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
comprehendēbāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
comprehendēbātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
comprehendēbant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
comprehendam (active first-person future indicative singular)
comprehendēs (active future indicative second-person singular)
comprehendet (active future indicative singular third-person)
comprehendēmus (active first-person future indicative plural)
comprehendētis (active future indicative plural second-person)
comprehendent (active future indicative plural third-person)
comprehendī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
comprehendistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
comprehendit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
comprehendimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
comprehendistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
comprehendērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
comprehendēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
comprehenderam (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
comprehenderās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
comprehenderat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
comprehenderāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
comprehenderātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
comprehenderant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
comprehenderō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
comprehenderis (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
comprehenderit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
comprehenderimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
comprehenderitis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
comprehenderint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
comprehendor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
comprehenderis (indicative passive present second-person singular)
comprehendere (indicative passive present second-person singular)
comprehenditur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
comprehendimur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
comprehendiminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
comprehenduntur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
comprehendēbar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
comprehendēbāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
comprehendēbāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
comprehendēbātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
comprehendēbāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
comprehendēbāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
comprehendēbantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
comprehendar (first-person future indicative passive singular)
comprehendēris (future indicative passive second-person singular)
comprehendēre (future indicative passive second-person singular)
comprehendētur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
comprehendēmur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
comprehendēminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
comprehendentur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
comprehendam (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
comprehendās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
comprehendat (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
comprehendāmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
comprehendātis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
comprehendant (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
comprehenderem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
comprehenderēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
comprehenderet (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
comprehenderēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
comprehenderētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
comprehenderent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
comprehenderim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
comprehenderīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
comprehenderit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
comprehenderīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
comprehenderītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
comprehenderint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
comprehendissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
comprehendissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
comprehendisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
comprehendissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
comprehendissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
comprehendissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
comprehendar (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
comprehendāris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
comprehendāre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
comprehendātur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
comprehendāmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
comprehendāminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
comprehendantur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
comprehenderer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
comprehenderēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
comprehenderēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
comprehenderētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
comprehenderēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
comprehenderēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
comprehenderentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
comprehende (active imperative present second-person singular)
comprehendite (active imperative plural present second-person)
comprehenditō (active future imperative second-person singular)
comprehenditō (active future imperative singular third-person)
comprehenditōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
comprehenduntō (active future imperative plural third-person)
comprehendere (imperative passive present second-person singular)
comprehendiminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
comprehenditor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
comprehenditor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
comprehenduntor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
comprehendere (active infinitive present)
comprehendisse (active infinitive perfect)
comprehēnsūrum esse (active future infinitive)
comprehendī (infinitive passive present)
comprehēnsum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
comprehēnsum īrī (future infinitive passive)
comprehendēns (active participle present)
comprehēnsūrus (active future participle)
comprehēnsus (participle passive perfect)
comprehendendus (future participle passive)
comprehendundus (future participle passive)
comprehendendī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
comprehendendō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
comprehendendum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
comprehendendō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
comprehēnsum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
comprehēnsū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Asturian: comprender

Bourguignon: comprandre, comprarre

Catalan: comprendre

English: comprehend

French: comprendre

Galician: comprender

Italian: comprendere

Portuguese: compreender

Romanian: cuprinde, cuprindere

desc

Sardinian: cumprèndere, cumprendi, cumprindi, cumprèndiri, cumprènnere

Sicilian: cumprènniri

Spanish: comprender

Dig. XLV.I.19 Pomponius libro quinto decimo ad Sabinum
Si stipulatio facta fuerit: «si culpa tua divortium factum fuerti, dari?», nulla obligatio est, quia contenti esse debemus poenis legum comprehensis: nisi si et stipulatio tantundem habeat poenae, quanta lege sit comprehensa.

If a stipulation has been made that “it is to be given if by your fault divorce befalls”, then this stipulation is void, because we have to be content with the penalties provided for by the laws: except if the stipulation has a penalty of the same height as is provided for by law.

(figuratively) to be connected to a structure serving cognition as follows

(of law) to provide, to establish, to determine


Tartarus

la-proper noun

Tartarus m sg (genitive Tartarī); second declension

Tartarī (genitive)
Tartarus (nominative singular)
Tartarī (genitive singular)
Tartarō (dative singular)
Tartarum (accusative singular)
Tartarō (ablative singular)
Tartare (singular vocative)

Catalan: Tàrtar

→ English: Tartarus

French: Tartare

[ˈt̪ärt̪ärʊs̠]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Tartarus (hell, part of the underworld)


☾ a (canonical feminine)
☾ae (genitive)
☾a (nominative singular)
☾ae (nominative plural)
☾ae (genitive singular)
☾ārum (genitive plural)
☾ae (dative singular)
☾īs (dative plural)
☾am (accusative singular)
☾ās (accusative plural)
☾ā (ablative singular)
☾īs (ablative plural)
☾a (singular vocative)
☾ae (plural vocative)


♂tis (genitive)
♂tēs (nominative plural)
♂tis (genitive singular)
♂tum (genitive plural)
♂tī (dative singular)
♂tibus (dative plural)
♂tem (accusative singular)
♂tēs (accusative plural)
♂te (ablative singular)
♂tibus (ablative plural)
♂tēs (plural vocative)

Arte ſivè Chymice parata: ut Vitriolum ♃vis, ☽næ, ♂tis, ☉lis, ♀ris

1701, Johann Christoph Sommerhoff, Lexicon pharmaceutico-chymicum latino-germanicum & germanico-latinum [Pharmaceutico-Chemical Lexicon, Latin-German and German-Latin], page 399:


Ares

Arēs m sg (genitive Aris); third declension

Arēs (canonical masculine singular)
Aris (genitive)
Arēs (nominative singular)
Aris (genitive singular)
Arī (dative singular)
Arem (accusative singular)
Are (ablative singular)
Arēs (singular vocative)

Catalan: Ares

English: Ares

French: Arès

Galician: Ares

Italian: Ares

Portuguese: Ares

Romanian: Ares

Spanish: Ares

(Greek mythology) Ares, Mars in Greek or literary contexts


mentum

la-noun

mentum n (genitive mentī); second declension

mentī (genitive)
mentum (nominative singular)
menta (nominative plural)
mentī (genitive singular)
mentōrum (genitive plural)
mentō (dative singular)
mentīs (dative plural)
mentum (accusative singular)
menta (accusative plural)
mentō (ablative singular)
mentīs (ablative plural)
mentum (singular vocative)
menta (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *mentō, *mentōnem

Italo-Romance:

Italian: mento

Sicilian: mentu

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: manton, menton

Piedmontese: manton, menton

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: menton, mentun
French: menton
→ English: menton
→ Esperanto: mentono
Ido: mentono
→ Spanish: mentón

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: mentó

Occitan: menton

→ English: mentum (learned)

→ Portuguese: mento (learned)

[ˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *mentom, from Proto-Indo-European *men-to-, from *men- (“to project”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *munþaz.

Reliqua spatia, quod latiores sint metopae quam triglyphi, pura relinquantur aut numina scalpantur, ad ipsumque mentum coronae incidatur linea quae scotia dicitur.

c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 4.3.6

(transferred sense, architecture) the projecting part of a cornice casting off the rain, the coping


Baal

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βάαλ (Báal), from Biblical Hebrew בַּעַל (Báʿal), from Proto-Semitic *baʿl-.


daemon

la-noun

daemōn m (genitive daemonis); third declension

daemōn (canonical masculine)
daemonis (genitive)
daemōn (nominative singular)
daemonēs (nominative plural)
daemonis (genitive singular)
daemonum (genitive plural)
daemonī (dative singular)
daemonibus (dative plural)
daemonem (accusative singular)
daemona (accusative singular)
daemonēs (accusative plural)
daemonas (accusative plural)
daemone (ablative singular)
daemonibus (ablative plural)
daemōn (singular vocative)
daemonēs (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: djemën

Aromanian: demun

→ Catalan: dèmon (learned)

→ English: daemon, demon

→ French: démon

Galician: demo

→ German: Dämon

desctree

→ Old Irish: demon, demun
Irish: deamhan
Scottish Gaelic: deamhan

Italian: demone

Portuguese: demo, demónio/demônio

Translingual: Felis daemon

From Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn, “dispenser, god, protective spirit”).

der

(astrology) the 11th of the 12 signs of the zodiac


funda

la-noun

funda f (genitive fundae); first declension

fundae (genitive)
funda (nominative singular)
fundae (nominative plural)
fundae (genitive singular)
fundārum (genitive plural)
fundae (dative singular)
fundīs (dative plural)
fundam (accusative singular)
fundās (accusative plural)
fundā (ablative singular)
fundīs (ablative plural)
funda (singular vocative)
fundae (plural vocative)

Catalan: fona, → funda

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: fonda, funda

Portuguese: funda

Spanish: honda

→ Koine Greek: φοῦνδα (phoûnda)

→ Greek: φούντα (foúnta, “tuft”)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰondʰeh₂, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”), whence English bind. Alternatively, a loanword from an unknown language, which may also have been the source of Ancient Greek σφενδόνη (sphendónē, “sling”).

cog

a hand-sling (contrasted with fustibalus (“a sling-staff”, “a stick sling”))

fionda

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *flunda (metathesis); Italian

ciunna

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *flunda (metathesis); Sicilian


discipula

la-noun

discipula f (genitive discipulae); first declension

discipulae (genitive)
discipula (nominative singular)
discipulae (nominative plural)
discipulae (genitive singular)
discipulārum (genitive plural)
discipulae (dative singular)
discipulīs (dative plural)
discipulam (accusative singular)
discipulās (accusative plural)
discipulā (ablative singular)
discipulīs (ablative plural)
discipula (singular vocative)
discipulae (plural vocative)

[d̪ɪs̠ˈkɪpʊɫ̪ä]

Feminine form of discipulus; discipulus + -a (feminine suffix).

female student, pupil, scholar or disciple


discipulus

discipulus m (genitive discipulī); second declension

discipulī (genitive)
discipulus (nominative singular)
discipulī (nominative plural)
discipulī (genitive singular)
discipulōrum (genitive plural)
discipulō (dative singular)
discipulīs (dative plural)
discipulum (accusative singular)
discipulōs (accusative plural)
discipulō (ablative singular)
discipulīs (ablative plural)
discipule (singular vocative)
discipulī (plural vocative)

English: disciple

Catalan: deixeble

French: disciple

Old Irish: deiscipul

Irish: deisceabal

Scottish Gaelic: deisciobal

Italian: discepolo

Norman: discipl'ye (Jersey)

desc

Old Galician-Portuguese: sêpolo, decipolo, discipulo

Portuguese: discípulo

Romanian: discipol

Spanish: discípulo

Welsh: disgybl

[d̪ɪs̠ˈkɪpʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From dis- + Proto-Italic *kapelos (“one who takes”) corresponding to *dwiskapelos, from *kapiō (“take”) (whence capiō). Sense influenced by the unrelated verb discō (“learn”).

(military) cadet (student in a military school or state program)


mulier

la-noun

mulier f (genitive mulieris); third declension

mulieris (genitive)
mulier (nominative singular)
mulierēs (nominative plural)
mulieris (genitive singular)
mulierum (genitive plural)
mulierī (dative singular)
mulieribus (dative plural)
mulierem (accusative singular)
mulierēs (accusative plural)
muliere (ablative singular)
mulieribus (ablative plural)
mulier (singular vocative)
mulierēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: muljari, muljare, muljeari, muljeare, mljari, mljare, muieri

Istro-Romanian: muľerĕ

Megleno-Romanian: muľari

Romanian: muiere

Dalmatian:

mojer, molier, moler, mulir (Ragusan dialect)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: moglie, mogliera (Tuscan), muglieri (archaic)

Neapolitan: mugliera

Sicilian: mugghieri, muggheri, muglieri

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: muzere, mulleri (Campidanese)

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: mujer, mujera

Old Ligurian: moier

Old Lombard: muglier

Lombard: mié

→? Romansch: muglier

Piedmontese: mujé

Romagnol: mój, mujéṟ (Central Romagna)

Friulian: muîr

Istriot: muier

Venetan: mojer, mojere

Gallo-Romance:

Old Francoprovençal: moillier, muillier

Franco-Provençal: mulyer

Old French: muiler, moylier, muillier, mulier, moillier

Middle French: muillier, molier (hapax)

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: muyller, muyler, muller, muyer, muler

Catalan: muller

desctree

Old Occitan: molher
Occitan: molhèr
→ Middle French: moulhé

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: muller

Old Leonese: muyer, mujer (Salamanca), muller (Asturias)
Asturian: muyer
Leonese: muyer, muyere
Mirandese: mulhier

Old Galician-Portuguese: moller, muller, molher
Fala: mullel
Galician: muller
Portuguese: mulher (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: mugier, muger, muller
Ladino: mujer
Spanish: mujer

Borrowings:

→ English: mulier

From Proto-Italic *moljes, of uncertain origin; it has been proposed that it might derive from mollior, comparative of mollis (“soft, tender”). Others propose it might be akin to mulgere and therefore mean “the milk-giver”. Contamination within either of these two terms can be possible.
The former is from Isidore's Etymologies: "Mulier vero a mollitie, tanquam mollier, detracta littera vel mutata, appellata est mulier".

mulier sapiēns es, Nausistrata.

c. 161 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Phormio 5.9


Lucifer

la-proper noun

Lūcifer m sg (genitive Lūciferī); second declension

Lūcifer (canonical masculine singular)
Lūciferī (genitive)
Lūcifer (nominative singular)
Lūciferī (genitive singular)
Lūciferō (dative singular)
Lūciferum (accusative singular)
Lūciferō (ablative singular)
Lūcifer (singular vocative)

Aromanian: lutseafir

Romanian: Luceafăr

→ Catalan: Llucifer, lucífer

→ French: Lucifer

→ English: luciferous, Lucifer

→ Italian: lucifero, Lucifero

desc

→ Polish: lucyfer, Lucyfer, lucyper, Lucyper

→ Portuguese: lucífero, Lúcifer

→ Romanian: Lucifer

→ Spanish: lucífero, Lucifer, Luzbel

→ German: Luzifer

[ˈɫ̪uːkɪfɛr]

From lūx + -fer, calque of Ancient Greek Φωσφόρος (Phōsphóros).

cal

(Greek mythology) Lucifer, the fabled son of Aurora and Cephalus, and father of Ceyx


magistra

la-noun

magistra f (genitive magistrae, masculine magister); first declension

magistrae (genitive)
magister (masculine)
magistra (nominative singular)
magistrae (nominative plural)
magistrae (genitive singular)
magistrārum (genitive plural)
magistrae (dative singular)
magistrīs (dative plural)
magistram (accusative singular)
magistrās (accusative plural)
magistrā (ablative singular)
magistrīs (ablative plural)
magistra (singular vocative)
magistrae (plural vocative)

[mäˈɡɪs̠t̪rä]

From magister (“teacher, master”) + -a (feminine suffix).


Mattathias

la-proper noun

Mattathiās m sg (genitive Mattathiae); first declension

Mattathiās (canonical masculine singular)
Mattathiae (genitive)
Mattathiās (nominative singular)
Mattathiae (genitive singular)
Mattathiae (dative singular)
Mattathiān (accusative singular)
Mattathiā (ablative singular)
Mattathiā (singular vocative)

English: Mattathias

Polish: Matatiasz

[mät̪ˈt̪ät̪ʰiäːs̠]

[mät̪ˈt̪äːt̪iäs]

From the Ancient Greek Μᾰττᾰθῐ́ᾱς (Mattathíās), from the Biblical Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (mattiṯyāhū).

der

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

In diebus illis ſurrexit Mathathias filius Ioannis, filij Simeonis, ſacerdos ex filijs Ioarib ab Ieruſalem, & conſedit in monte Modin: & habebat filios quinque, Ioannem, qui cognominabatur Gaddis: & Simeonem, qui cognominabatur Thaſi: & Iudã, qui vocabatur Machabæus: & Eleazarum, qui cognominabatur Abaron: & Ionathan, qui cognominabatur Apphus.
In thoſe dayes aroſe Mathathias the ſonne of Iohn, the ſonne of Simeon, prieſt of the ſonnes of Ioarib from Ieruſalem, and he ſate in the mountayne of Modin: and he had fiue ſonnes, Iohn who was ſurnamed Gaddis: and Simon, who was ſurnamed Thaſi: and Iudas, who was called Machabeus: and Eleazar, who was ſurnamed Abaron: and Ionathan, who was ſurnamed Apphus. ― translation from: The ſecond tome of the Holie Bible faithfully tranſlated into Engliſh, out of the authentical Latin (1610), The Firſt Booke of Macabees ii:1–5 (page 896)

1592, Biblia Sacra Vulgatæ editionis Sixti Quinti Pont. Max. juſſu recognita atque edita (first edition), Liber Primus Machabæorum ij:1–5 (page 852)

a male given name from Hebrew — famously held by:

(Judaism and Christianity) Mattathias (Jewish priest feat. in 1 Macc., instigator of the Maccabean Revolt and progenitor of the Hasmoneans)

qui fuit Mathathiæ, qui fuit Amos, qui fuit Nahum, qui fuit Heſli, qui fuit Nagge,
vvho vvas of Matthathias, vvho vvas of Amos, vvho vvas of Naum, vvho vvas of Heſli, vvho vvas of Naggé, ― translation from: The Nevv Teſtament of Ieſus Chriſt, tranſlated faithfully into Engliſh, out of the authentical Latin (1582), The Holy Goſpel of Ieſus Chriſt according to Luke iii:25 (page 144)

1592, Biblia Sacra Vulgatæ editionis Sixti Quinti Pont. Max. juſſu recognita atque edita (first edition), Sanctum Ieſu Chriſti Euangelium ſecundum Lucam iij:25 (page 952/1)

(Christianity) Mattathias (son of Amos and father of Joseph, 6×great-grandfather of Jesus)

qui fuit Mahath, qui fuit Mathathiæ, qui fuit Semei, qui fuit Ioſeph, qui fuit Iuda,
vvho vvas of Mahath, vvho vvas of Matthathias, vvho vvas of Semei, vvho vvas of Ioſeph, vvho vvas of Iuda, ― translation from: The Nevv Teſtament of Ieſus Chriſt, tranſlated faithfully into Engliſh, out of the authentical Latin (1582), The Holy Goſpel of Ieſus Chriſt according to Luke iii:26 (page 144)

1592, Biblia Sacra Vulgatæ editionis Sixti Quinti Pont. Max. juſſu recognita atque edita (first edition), Sanctum Ieſu Chriſti Euangelium ſecundum Lucam iij:26 (page 952/1)

(Christianity) Mattathias (son of Semei and father of Mahath, 12×great-grandfather of Jesus)


Oedipus

la-proper noun

Oedipūs or Oedipus m sg (variously declined, genitive Oedipodos or Oedipodis or Oedipī); third declension, second declension

Oedipūs (canonical)
Oedipus (canonical masculine singular)
Oedipodos (genitive)
Oedipodis (genitive)
Oedipī (genitive)
Oedipūs (nominative singular)
Oedipus (nominative singular)
Oedipodos (genitive singular)
Oedipodis (genitive singular)
Oedipī (genitive singular)
Oedipodī (dative singular)
Oedipō (dative singular)
Oedipoda (accusative singular)
Oedipodem (accusative singular)
Oedipum (accusative singular)
Oedipode (ablative singular)
Oedipō (ablative singular)
Oedipūs (singular vocative)
Oedipe (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Οἰδίπους (Oidípous, apparently from οἰδάω (oidáō, “to swell”) + πούς (poús, “foot”)).

der

(Greek mythology) King of Thebes, son of Laius and Jocasta.


Dionysus

la-proper noun

Dionȳsus m sg (genitive Dionȳsī); second declension

Dionȳsus (canonical masculine singular)
Dionȳsī (genitive)
Dionȳsus (nominative singular)
Dionȳsī (genitive singular)
Dionȳsō (dative singular)
Dionȳsum (accusative singular)
Dionȳsō (ablative singular)
Dionȳse (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Dionysus, a Greek god.


famula

la-noun

famula f (genitive famulae, masculine famulus); first declension

famulae (genitive)
famulus (masculine)
famula (nominative singular)
famulae (nominative plural)
famulae (genitive singular)
famulārum (genitive plural)
famulae (dative singular)
famulīs (dative plural)
famulam (accusative singular)
famulās (accusative plural)
famulā (ablative singular)
famulīs (ablative plural)
famula (singular vocative)
famulae (plural vocative)

Feminine form of famulus; famulus + -a (feminine suffix).

female servant; maid, handmaiden, maid-servant


magister

magister m (genitive magistrī, feminine magistra); second declension

magistrī (genitive)
magistra (feminine)
magister (nominative singular)
magistrī (nominative plural)
magistrī (genitive singular)
magistrōrum (genitive plural)
magistrō (dative singular)
magistrīs (dative plural)
magistrum (accusative singular)
magistrōs (accusative plural)
magistrō (ablative singular)
magistrīs (ablative plural)
magister (singular vocative)
magistrī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance

Romanian: măiestru, măestru

Padanian:

Friulian: mestri

Ligurian: méistro

Piedmontese: mèistr

Venetan: maestro

→ Cimbrian: maistro

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: maestru

Old Italian: mastro

Italian: maestro (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: maestro

Sicilian: mastru, majistru

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old Francoprovençal: maistre, maistro

Franco-Provençal: mêtro, maîtro, meîtro

Bressan: maîtrou

desctree

Old French: maistre, mestre
Middle French: maistre
French: maître (see there for further descendants)
Bourguignon: moître
Gallo: maître
Norman: maître
Picard: moaître
Walloon: mwaisse
→ Middle Breton: maestr
Breton: mestr
→ Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister
→ Middle Welsh: meistyr
Welsh: meistr
→ Old East Slavic: мастеръ (masterŭ)
Russian: мастер (master)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: mayestre, mayestro

Old Catalan: maestre

Catalan: mestre

Old Occitan: maestre
Occitan: mèstre
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: meestre, maestre (or via Old Catalan)
Galician: mestre
Portuguese: mestre
→ Spanish: maestre

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: maistru

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: maestru, maestre

Old Spanish: maesse

Spanish: maese, maeso, maestro

Borrowings

→ Albanian: mjeshtër, mjesht

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: maestr

Breton: mestr

Cornish: mester

Welsh: meistr

desc

→ Koine Greek: μαγίστωρ (magístōr), μάγιστρος (mágistros)

Byzantine Greek: μαΐστωρ (maḯstōr), μάστορας (mástoras)

Greek: μάστορας (mástoras)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *maistar (see there for further descendants)

→ Belarusian: магістр (mahistr)

→ Bulgarian: магистър (magistǎr)

→ Crimean Tatar: magistr

→ Czech: magistr

→ English: magister

→ Estonian: magister

→ Finnish: magisteri

→ French: magister

→ Old High German: magister

→ Middle High German: magister

→ German: Magister

→ Italian: magister

desctree

→ Old English: mæġester, magister, māġister, mæġster, mǣster
Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir (reinforced by Old French maistre)
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister

→ Old Irish: magister
Irish: máistir
Manx: mainshtyr
Scottish Gaelic: maighstir

→ Lithuanian: magistras

→ Piedmontese: magìster

→ Polish: magister

→ Portuguese: magíster

→ Romanian: magistru

→ Romansch: magister

→ Russian: маги́стр (magístr)

→ Serbo-Croatian: magistar / магистар

→ Spanish: magíster

→ Swedish: magister
→ Finnish: maisteri

→ Ukrainian: магістр (mahistr)

[mäˈɡɪs̠t̪ɛr]

From Proto-Italic *magisteros. Equivalent to magis (“more or great”) + Proto-Indo-European *-teros. Compare minister.

teacher, instructor, educator of children, tutor, pedagogue

master; a title of the Middle Ages, given to a person in authority or to one having a license from a university to teach philosophy and the liberal arts, teacher, instructor


Clio

la-proper noun

Clīō f sg (genitive Clīūs); fourth declension

Clīō (canonical feminine singular)
Clīūs (genitive)
Clīō (nominative singular)
Clīūs (genitive singular)
Clīō (dative singular)
Clīō (accusative singular)
Clīō (ablative singular)
Clīō (singular vocative)

Translingual: Clio (generic name)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κλειώ (Kleiṓ).

(Greek mythology) Clio, three figures:
the Muse of history and epic poetry

(Greek mythology) Clio, three figures:
a Nereid

(Greek mythology) Clio, three figures:
an Oceanid


nativitas

la-noun

nātīvitās f (genitive nātīvitātis); third declension

nātīvitās (canonical feminine)
nātīvitātis (genitive)
nātīvitās (nominative singular)
nātīvitātēs (nominative plural)
nātīvitātis (genitive singular)
nātīvitātum (genitive plural)
nātīvitātī (dative singular)
nātīvitātibus (dative plural)
nātīvitātem (accusative singular)
nātīvitātēs (accusative plural)
nātīvitāte (ablative singular)
nātīvitātibus (ablative plural)
nātīvitās (singular vocative)
nātīvitātēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: nativitat, Nativitat

English: nativity, Nativity

French: nativité, Nativité

Italian: natività, Natività

Portuguese: natividade, Natividade

Romanian: nativitate

Spanish: natividad, Navidad

[näːˈt̪iːu̯ɪt̪äːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *gnātīwitāts. Equivalent to nātīvus (“native, natural”) + -tās, from nāscor (“I am born”).


soror

soror f (genitive sorōris); third declension

sorōris (genitive)
soror (nominative singular)
sorōrēs (nominative plural)
sorōris (genitive singular)
sorōrum (genitive plural)
sorōrī (dative singular)
sorōribus (dative plural)
sorōrem (accusative singular)
sorōrēs (accusative plural)
sorōre (ablative singular)
sorōribus (ablative plural)
soror (singular vocative)
sorōrēs (plural vocative)

Via accusative sorōrem (~ *serōrem):

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: suroră

Dalmatian:

seraur

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: serore, sorore

North Italian:

Istriot: sorura

Old Lombard: seror

Lombard: seror

Old Venetan: sorore

Piedmontese: sëror (Biella, Val Sesia)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: seror

Old French: seror, serur

Occitano-Romance:

Old Occitan: seror

Gascon: seror

→ Old Spanish: seror

Borrowings:

→ Interlingua: soror

→ Portuguese: soror

Via nominative sŏror:

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: sor

Dalmatian:

saur

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: soro, suoro

Sicilian: soru

North Italian:

Friulian: sûr

Lombard: sor

Old Emilian: sore

Old Ligurian: sor

Ligurian: seu

Old Venetan: sor

Old Piedmontese: suor

Piedmontese: seur, seure

Romansch: sour

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: suèr

Old French: suer

French: sœur

Norman: soeu

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: sor

→ Spanish: sor

Occitan:

Auvergnat: sòrre, suerre

Gascon: sòr

Languedocien: sòrre, sòr

Provençal: sòrre

Vivaro-Alpine: sór, sòrre

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: sorre (Logudorese), sorri (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: soror

Via Vulgar Latin *sŏra (< sŏror):

Balkan-Romance:

Aromanian: sorã

Megleno-Romanian: soră

Romanian: soră

Italo-Romance:

Italian: sora, suora ⇒ sorella

q

Neapolitan: sora (dialectal plural serure < *serōrēs < sorōrēs)

North Italian:

Piedmontese: seura

Romansch: sora

⇒ Venetan: sorela, soreła

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: suèra

From Proto-Italic *swezōr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


genius

la-noun

genius m (genitive geniī or genī); second declension

geniī (genitive)
genī (genitive)
genius (nominative singular)
geniī (nominative plural)
geniī (genitive singular)
genī (genitive singular)
geniōrum (genitive plural)
geniō (dative singular)
geniīs (dative plural)
genium (accusative singular)
geniōs (accusative plural)
geniō (ablative singular)
geniīs (ablative plural)
genī (singular vocative)
geniī (plural vocative)

Catalan: giny, → geni

→ Dutch: genie

→ English: genius, genie

→ French: génie

→ English: genie

→ German: Genie

→ German: Genius

→ Italian: genio

→ Portuguese: génio, gênio (Brazil)

→ Romanian: geniu

→ Serbo-Croatian: genij

→ Spanish: genio

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”), perhaps through Old Latin genō (“to beget, give birth; to produce, cause”), + *-yos; compare Proto-Germanic *kunją (“kin”) and Sanskrit जन्य n (jánya, “lineage, tribe, people”), though all probably independent formations. Comparisons with Aramaic ܓܢܝܐ (ginnaya, “tutelary deity”), and with Arabic جِنِّي (jinnī, “jinn, spirit, demon”) and جَنِين (janīn, “embryo, germ”), suggest the effects of an older substrate word.

noncog

the deity or guardian spirit of a person, place, etc.; a daemon, a daimon (cf. Ancient Greek δαίμων (daímōn))


deus

la-noun

deus m (irregular, genitive deī, feminine dea); second declension

deī (genitive)
dea (feminine)
deus (nominative singular)
dī (nominative plural)
diī (nominative plural)
deī (nominative plural)
deī (genitive singular)
deōrum (genitive plural)
deûm (genitive plural)
divom (genitive plural)
deō (dative singular)
dīs (dative plural)
diīs (dative plural)
deīs (dative plural)
deum (accusative singular)
deōs (accusative plural)
deō (ablative singular)
dīs (ablative plural)
diīs (ablative plural)
deīs (ablative plural)
dee (singular vocative)
deus (singular vocative)
dī (plural vocative)
diī (plural vocative)
deī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Romanian: zeu, zău

Franco-Provençal: diô

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: diu, dio

Dalmatian: di, dai

Istriot: deo

Italian: dio, deh

Neapolitan: ddìo

Sicilian: deu, diu

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: déu

Old Occitan: deu

Occitan: dieu

Old French: deu

desctree

Middle French: dieu
French: dieu
Haitian Creole: dye

Bourguignon: dei

Norman: dùu, dgieu

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: diu

Romansch: dieu

Sardinian: déu

Venetan: dio

West Iberian

Aragonese: dios

Extremaduran: dios

Old Leonese:

Asturian: dios

Leonese: dius, dious

Mirandese: dius

Old Galician-Portuguese: deus
Galician: deus
Portuguese: deus (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: dio, dios
Ladino: dio
Ladino: dio
Spanish: dios (see there for further descendants)

From Old Latin deivos, from Proto-Italic *deiwos, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós. An o-stem derivative from *dyew- (“sky, heaven”), from which also diēs and Iuppiter.
Details
Doublet of dīvus: dẹ̄vos, -om, -ōs > dẹ̄os, -om, -ōs with regular loss of -v- before a rounded vowel; it was also lost between identical vowels, followed by contraction: *dẹ̄vẹ̄(s) > dī(s). As a result, the close -ẹ̄- escaped the regular raising to /ī/ of urban (but not dialectal) Latin, instead merging with /ē/, which itself underwent raising. The remaining genitive singular *dī was regularised to deī, while the vocative became part of the paradigm of the newly-reshaped dīvus. de- was later analogicaly introduced into the plural; the form diī(s) is absent from Plautus, and might have been reincorporated from a contraction of dīvī (with the same condition as before), or even be purely orthographic.
Cognates with Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús), Ancient Greek Διεύς (Dieús), Sanskrit देव (devá), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua), Welsh duw, Lithuanian dievas, Latvian dievs, Persian دیو (div, “demon”).
Despite its superficial similarity in form and meaning, not related to Ancient Greek θεός (theós) — the Latin cognate of the latter is Latin fānum.

HEGIO Ergasile, salvē. ERGASILUS Dī tē bene ament, Hēgiō.

c. 200 BCE – 190 BCE, Plautus, Captivi 138–140

HE. How are you, Ergasilus? ER. May the gods be kind to you, Hegio.

Hic vērō, dē quō ego ipse tam multa nunc dīcō. Prō, dī immortālēs! Quid est? Quid valet?

57 BCE, Cicero, De haruspicum responsis 42

And as for him, the man that I myself have now spent so many words on. Good gods! What is he? What power does he exert?

Sī nōn vīderant medicī, meritō essent culpandī […] Et, ō bone deus, hī sunt ipsī, quī imputant suam culpam medicāmentīs quasi nihil proficientibus!

47 CE, Scribonius Largus, Compositiones medicamentorum 84.6–7, 17–19

If physicians didn't see this, they deserved to be blamed […] And, my god, these are the very people who blame their failure on medications, saying that they don't work!

Sacrāvit parentem suum Caesar nōn imperiō, sed religiōne. Nōn appellāvit eum, sed fēcit deum.

ca. 19 BCE – ca. 31 CE, Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana 2.126

Augustus deified his father [Julius] not by the exercise of power, but by creating an attitude of reverence. He did not just call him a god, but made him be one.

In prīncipiō erat Verbum, et Verbum erat apud Deum, et Deus erat Verbum.

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and God was the Word.


Satan

From Ancient Greek Σατάν (Satán), from Biblical Hebrew שָׂטָן (Śāṭān, “adversary, accuser”).


oda

ōda (canonical feminine)
ōdae (genitive)
ōda (nominative singular)
ōdae (nominative plural)
ōdae (genitive singular)
ōdārum (genitive plural)
ōdae (dative singular)
ōdīs (dative plural)
ōdam (accusative singular)
ōdās (accusative plural)
ōdā (ablative singular)
ōdīs (ablative plural)
ōda (singular vocative)
ōdae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: oda

→ Galician: oda

→ Italian: ode

→ Middle French: ode

French: ode

→ Dutch: ode
Afrikaans: ode

→ Romanian: odă

desctree

→ Russian: ода (oda)
→ Georgian: ოდა (oda)

→ English: ode

→ Japanese: オード

→ Occitan: òda

→ Polish: oda

→ Portuguese: ode

→ Spanish: oda

→ Tagalog: oda

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”).


nidus

la-noun

nīdus m (genitive nīdī); second declension

nīdus (canonical masculine)
nīdī (genitive)
nīdus (nominative singular)
nīdī (nominative plural)
nīdī (genitive singular)
nīdōrum (genitive plural)
nīdō (dative singular)
nīdīs (dative plural)
nīdum (accusative singular)
nīdōs (accusative plural)
nīdō (ablative singular)
nīdīs (ablative plural)
nīde (singular vocative)
nīdī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: niedo

Asturian: ñeru, nieru, níu, ñíu

Catalan: niu

Corsican: nidu

Dalmatian: naid

Dutch: nis, niche

English: nidus, nide, niche, nyas

Extremaduran: ñíu

French: nid, niche, niais

Friulian: nît, nîd

Haitian Creole: nich

Interlingua: nido

Italian: nido, nidio

Lombard: nid, nin

Neapolitan: nìdo, nìvo

Occitan: nis

Papiamentu: neshi, neishi

Piedmontese: ni

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: *nio
Galician: niño, nin, nío, ninho (reintegrationist)
Portuguese: ninho (see there for further descendants)

Romansch: gnieu, igniv

Sardinian: nidu, niu

Campidanese: niu

Sicilian: nidu

Spanish: nido

Venetan: nit, nìo

From Proto-Italic *nizdos, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós (“nest”). Cognate with Sanskrit नीड (nīḍá), Old Armenian նիստ (nist), Old Church Slavonic гнѣздо (gnězdo), Old English nest (whence English nest).


Iesus

la-proper noun

Iēsūs m sg (irregular, genitive Iēsū); fourth declension

Iēsūs (canonical masculine singular)
Iēsū (genitive)
Iēsūs (nominative singular)
Iēsū (genitive singular)
Iēsū (dative singular)
Iēsum (accusative singular)
Iēsū (ablative singular)
Iēsū (singular vocative)

→ Aragonese: Chesús

→ Asturian: Xesús

→ Car Nicobarese: Yēsū

Catalan: Jesús

→ Chinese: 耶穌／耶稣 (Yēsū)

Mandarin: 耶穌／耶稣 (Yēsū, Yésū)

Cantonese: 耶穌／耶稣 (je4 sou1)

Corsican: Gesù, Ghjesù

→ Esperanto: Jesuo

→ Finnish: Jeesus

French: Jésus

→ Hungarian: Jézus

→ Ido: Iesu

→ Interlingua: Jesus

desctree

→ Old Irish: Íssu, Ísu
Irish: Íosa
Manx: Yeesey
Scottish Gaelic: Ìosa

→ Indonesian: Yesus (learned)

→ Italian: Gesù

Icelandic: Jesús

→ Japanese: イエス (Iesu) (learned)

→ Korean: 예수 (Yesu)

Ladino: Yeshu

Ligurian: Gesû, Gexù

→ Middle English: Jhesus, Iesus, Ihesus, Jesus
English: Jesus
Scots: Jesus

→ Middle High German: Jesus
German: Jesus

→ Mirandese: Jasus

Old Occitan: Yeshu

Occitan: Jèsus

Old Galician-Portuguese: Jesu, Jheso, Ihesu
Galician: Xesús
Portuguese: Jesus, Gzuis
→ Japanese: ゼス, ゼズス
→ Old Tupi: Îesu

Old Lombard: Jesu

Lombard: Gesù

Piedmontese: Gesù

Romansch: Gesu

Sardinian: Gesùs

Sicilian: Gisù, Jisù

→ Old Swedish: Iesus

Swedish: Jesus

Old Spanish: Jesu, Jeso

Spanish: Jesús

Venetan: Gesù

→ Vietnamese: Giêsu

From Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšûaʿ).

etymon

Iēsūs

initium evangeliī Iēsū Chrīstī Fīliī Deī

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, 1:1:

the beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God


actrix

la-noun

āctrīx f (genitive āctrīcis, masculine āctor); third declension

āctrīx (canonical feminine)
āctrīcis (genitive)
āctor (masculine)
āctrīx (nominative singular)
āctrīcēs (nominative plural)
āctrīcis (genitive singular)
āctrīcum (genitive plural)
āctrīcī (dative singular)
āctrīcibus (dative plural)
āctrīcem (accusative singular)
āctrīcēs (accusative plural)
āctrīce (ablative singular)
āctrīcibus (ablative plural)
āctrīx (singular vocative)
āctrīcēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: actriz

→ Catalan: actriu

→ English: actrix

Galician: actriz

Italian: attrice

→ Middle French: actrice

desctree

French: actrice
→ Bulgarian: актри́са (aktrísa)
→ Dutch: actrice
→ English: actrice
→ Norman: actrice
→ Ottoman Turkish: آقتریس (aktris)
Turkish: aktris
→ Russian: актри́са (aktrísa)
→ Azerbaijani: aktrisa
→ Uzbek: aktrisa
→ Yiddish: אַקטריסע (aktrise)
→ Swedish: aktris
→ Ukrainian: актри́са (aktrýsa)

Portuguese: atriz

→ Spanish: actriz

From āctus + -trīx, from agō (“do, act”).

actress, actor (female) (person who performs in a theatrical play or movie)