ventus

la-noun

ventus m (genitive ventī); second declension

ventī (genitive)
ventus (nominative singular)
ventī (nominative plural)
ventī (genitive singular)
ventōrum (genitive plural)
ventō (dative singular)
ventīs (dative plural)
ventum (accusative singular)
ventōs (accusative plural)
ventō (ablative singular)
ventīs (ablative plural)
vente (singular vocative)
ventī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: vimtu, vintu, vint

Megleno-Romanian: vint

Romanian: vânt

Dalmatian:

viant

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ventu

Italian: vento

Neapolitan: viento

Sicilian: ventu, vientu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: bentu

North Italian:

Friulian: vint

Istriot: vento

Lombard: vent

Piedmontese: vent

Romagnol: vènt

Romansch: vent

Venetan: vento, vent

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: vent

Franco-Provençal: vent

Old French: vent (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: vent

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: biento

Asturian: vientu

Leonese: vientu

Mirandese: biento

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: vento
Fala: ventu
Galician: vento
Portuguese: vento (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: viento, biento
Ladino: viento
Spanish: viento

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *ventāna (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *wentos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wéh₁n̥ts (“blowing”), present participle of *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”). Cognate and synonymous with English wind, Sanskrit वात (vā́ta), Avestan 𐬬𐬁𐬙𐬀 (vāta), Ancient Greek ἀείς (aeís) . See also Latin vannus.

[ˈu̯ɛn̪t̪ʊs̠]

… Omnis et ūna / dīlāpsus calor, atque in ventōs vīta recessit.
And all at once her warmth faded away, and her life receded into the winds.
(The death of Dido; the conclusion of Book 4. See the notes by Page, T.E., [1967], pg. 394: “‘Life,’ ‘breath,’ ‘spirit,’ anima, ἄνεμος are so closely connected in human speech that poets naturally speak of life passing ‘into the winds.’”)

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.704-705

Mōta dea est operīque favet: nāvālibus exit

The goddess is moved and she favors the work: my ship is leaving the docks, already my sails have their winds.
(Inspiration returns as, metaphorically, the poet and his readers sail onward. Idiomatically, Ovid ‘‘has found his second wind’’ while writing the fourth book of the Fasti.)

puppis, habent ventōs iam mea vēla suōs.


meridies

la-noun

merīdiēs m (genitive merīdiēī); fifth declension

merīdiēs (canonical masculine)
merīdiēī (genitive)
merīdiēs (nominative singular)
merīdiēs (nominative plural)
merīdiēī (genitive singular)
merīdiērum (genitive plural)
merīdiēī (dative singular)
merīdiēbus (dative plural)
merīdiem (accusative singular)
merīdiēs (accusative plural)
merīdiē (ablative singular)
merīdiēbus (ablative plural)
merīdiēs (singular vocative)
merīdiēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: amiridz

Romanian: meriză

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: merigge

Italian: meriggio

Borrowings:

→ English: meridiem; ⇒ a.m., p.m.

→ Italian: meridie

→ Portuguese: merídio

→ Spanish: meridiem, merídiem

From a dissimilation of earlier medīdiēs, derived from medius (“middle”) + diēs (“day”). The sense of 'south' is due to the southward orientation of the sun at noon in the northern hemisphere.


aura

aura f (genitive aurae); first declension

aurae (genitive)
aura (nominative singular)
aurae (nominative plural)
aurae (genitive singular)
aurārum (genitive plural)
aurae (dative singular)
aurīs (dative plural)
auram (accusative singular)
aurās (accusative plural)
aurā (ablative singular)
aurīs (ablative plural)
aura (singular vocative)
aurae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Megleno-Romanian: aură

Aromanian: avrã

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ora (ety. 3)

North Italian:

Piedmontese: òra

desc

Romansch: aura, ora (Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter, Vallader)

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: ora

Franco-Provençal: oura

Old French: ore

Occitan: aura

Ibero-Romance:

Portuguese: oura, oira

Vulgar Latin: (see there for further descendants)

*aurāticum

*aurizāre

→ Albanian: aura

→ Bulgarian: аура (aura)

→ Catalan: aura

→ Czech: aura

→ Danish: aura

→ Dutch: aura

→ English: aura

→ Japanese: オーラ (ōra)

→ Esperanto: aŭro

→ Finnish: aura

→ French: aura

→ Galician: aura

→ German: Aura

→ Hungarian: aura

→ Icelandic: ára

→ Indonesian: aura

→ Italian: aura

→ Korean: 아우라 (aura)

→ Macedonian: аура (aura)

→ Norwegian: aura

→ Occitan: aura

→ Polish: aura

→ Portuguese: aura

→ Romanian: aură

→ Romansch: aura

→ Russian: а́ура (áura)

→ Serbo-Croatian: àura, а̀ура

→ Slovene: aura

→ Spanish: aura

→ Sundanese: aura

→ Swedish: aura

→ Turkish: aura

→ Ukrainian: а́ура (áura)

Ēn ego, nōn paucīs quondam mūnītus amīcīs,
dum flāvit vēlīs aura secunda meīs,
ut fera nimbōsō tumuērunt aequora ventō,

13 CE, Ovid, Epistulae ex Ponto 2.3.25–28

Behold me! once supported by many friends—while a favouring breeze filled my sails now that the wild seas have been swelled by the stormy wind, I am abandoned on a shattered bark in the midst of the waters.


flamen

la-noun

flāmen n (genitive flāminis); third declension

flāmen (canonical neuter)
flāminis (genitive)
flāmen (nominative singular)
flāmina (nominative plural)
flāminis (genitive singular)
flāminum (genitive plural)
flāminī (dative singular)
flāminibus (dative plural)
flāmen (accusative singular)
flāmina (accusative plural)
flāmine (ablative singular)
flāminibus (ablative plural)
flāmen (singular vocative)
flāmina (plural vocative)

From flō (“I breathe, blow”) + -men (noun-forming suffix).


turbo

la-noun

turbō m (genitive turbinis); third declension

turbō (canonical masculine)
turbinis (genitive)
turbō (nominative singular)
turbinēs (nominative plural)
turbinis (genitive singular)
turbinum (genitive plural)
turbinī (dative singular)
turbinibus (dative plural)
turbinem (accusative singular)
turbinēs (accusative plural)
turbine (ablative singular)
turbinibus (ablative plural)
turbō (singular vocative)
turbinēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: torb

desctree

→ French: turbine
→ Catalan: turbina
→ Danish: turbine
→ English: turbine
→ Galician: turbina
→ Italian: turbina
→ Norwegian Bokmål: turbin
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: turbin
→ Portuguese: turbina
→ Serbo-Croatian: turbína, турби́на
→ Spanish: turbina

Old Galician-Portuguese: torvon

Portuguese: trovão

Galician: trebón

Old Spanish: turbón

Spanish: turbón, turbión, tolvanera

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *turbininus

Catalan: terbolí

Old Spanish: torbelino, torbenino

Spanish: torbellino

Sicilian: tùrbinu


auster

la-noun

auster m (genitive austrī); second declension

austrī (genitive)
auster (nominative singular)
austrī (nominative plural)
austrī (genitive singular)
austrōrum (genitive plural)
austrō (dative singular)
austrīs (dative plural)
austrum (accusative singular)
austrōs (accusative plural)
austrō (ablative singular)
austrīs (ablative plural)
auster (singular vocative)
austrī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: austru

Romanian: austru

Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: uostro

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ostro

→ English: ostro

Borrowings:

→ Italian: austro

→ Old Catalan: austre

desc

→ Old French: austre, auster, aster, ostre

→ Portuguese: austro

→ Spanish: austro

[ˈäu̯s̠t̪ɛr]

From Proto-Italic *austeros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsteros, from *h₂ews- (“dawn”). Cognate with Latin aurōra, English east, German Ost.


ventilo

la-verb

ventilō (present infinitive ventilāre, perfect active ventilāvī, supine ventilātum); first conjugation

ventilō (canonical)
ventilāre (infinitive present)
ventilāvī (active perfect)
ventilātum (supine)
ventilō (active first-person indicative present singular)
ventilās (active indicative present second-person singular)
ventilat (active indicative present singular third-person)
ventilāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
ventilātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
ventilant (active indicative plural present third-person)
ventilābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
ventilābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
ventilābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
ventilābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
ventilābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
ventilābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
ventilābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
ventilābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
ventilābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
ventilābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
ventilābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
ventilābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
ventilāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
ventilāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
ventilāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
ventilāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
ventilāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
ventilāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ventilāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ventilāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
ventilāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
ventilāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
ventilāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
ventilāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
ventilāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
ventilāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
ventilāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
ventilāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
ventilāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
ventilāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
ventilāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
ventilor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
ventilāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ventilāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ventilātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
ventilāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
ventilāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
ventilantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
ventilābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
ventilābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ventilābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
ventilābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
ventilābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
ventilābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
ventilābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
ventilābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
ventilāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ventilābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
ventilābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
ventilābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
ventilābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
ventilābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
ventilem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ventilēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ventilet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ventilēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ventilētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ventilent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ventilārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
ventilārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ventilāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ventilārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
ventilārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ventilārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ventilāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
ventilāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ventilāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ventilāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
ventilāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ventilāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ventilāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
ventilāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
ventilāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
ventilāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
ventilāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
ventilāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
ventiler (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ventilēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ventilēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ventilētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ventilēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ventilēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ventilentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ventilārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
ventilārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ventilārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ventilārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ventilārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
ventilārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ventilārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ventilā (active imperative present second-person singular)
ventilāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
ventilātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
ventilātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
ventilātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
ventilantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
ventilāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
ventilāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
ventilātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
ventilātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
ventilantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
ventilāre (active infinitive present)
ventilāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
ventilātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
ventilārī (infinitive passive present)
ventilātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
ventilātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
ventilāns (active participle present)
ventilātūrus (active future participle)
ventilātus (participle passive perfect)
ventilandus (future participle passive)
ventilandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
ventilandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
ventilandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
ventilandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
ventilātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
ventilātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Spanish: beldar

Aromanian: vintur, vinturari

Romanian: vântura

Sardinian: bentulai, bentulare, vinturà

→ Catalan: ventilar

→ English: ventilate

→ French: ventiler

→ Galician: ventilar

→ Italian: ventilare

→ Occitan: ventilar

→ Piedmontese: ventilé

→ Portuguese: ventilar

→ Romanian: ventila

→ Spanish: ventilar

[ˈu̯ɛn̪t̪ɪɫ̪oː]


aquilo

la-noun

aquilō m (genitive aquilōnis); third declension

aquilō (canonical masculine)
aquilōnis (genitive)
aquilō (nominative singular)
aquilōnēs (nominative plural)
aquilōnis (genitive singular)
aquilōnum (genitive plural)
aquilōnī (dative singular)
aquilōnibus (dative plural)
aquilōnem (accusative singular)
aquilōnēs (accusative plural)
aquilōne (ablative singular)
aquilōnibus (ablative plural)
aquilō (singular vocative)
aquilōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: Aquiló

English: Aquilo, Aquilon

French: Aquilon

German: Aquilo

Italian: Aquilone

Polish: Akwilon

Russian: Аквилон (Akvilon)

Spanish: aquilón

Perhaps from aquila (“eagle”) + -ō (name-forming suffix), personifying the cold north wind as a "fast, aggressive raptor".

affix

“Quīn etiam hībernō mōlīris sīdere classem,
et mediīs properās aquilōnibus īre per altum,
crūdēlis?” ….
“What’s worse, you dare rig your fleet under wintry stars, and hasten to sail across the deep sea – amidst the north winds! [Isn’t this an act] of cruelty?”
(Dido rebukes Aeneas.)

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.309–311


procella

la-noun

procella f (genitive procellae); first declension

procellae (genitive)
procella (nominative singular)
procellae (nominative plural)
procellae (genitive singular)
procellārum (genitive plural)
procellae (dative singular)
procellīs (dative plural)
procellam (accusative singular)
procellās (accusative plural)
procellā (ablative singular)
procellīs (ablative plural)
procella (singular vocative)
procellae (plural vocative)

→ English: procelle

→ Catalan: procella

→ French: procelle

→ Italian: procella

→ Portuguese: procela

→ Spanish: procela

[prɔˈkɛlːʲä]

From prōcellō (“I throw or cast down”), from prō- (“forward, down”) + *cellō ("I beat"). Confer percello (“I beat down”).


Aeolus

la-proper noun

Aeolus m sg (genitive Aeolī); second declension

Aeolī (genitive)
Aeolus (nominative singular)
Aeolī (genitive singular)
Aeolō (dative singular)
Aeolum (accusative singular)
Aeolō (ablative singular)
Aeole (singular vocative)

[ˈäe̯ɔɫ̪ʊs̠]


septentrio

la-noun

septentriō m (genitive septentriōnis); third declension

septentriō (canonical masculine)
septentriōnis (genitive)
septentriō (nominative singular)
septentriōnēs (nominative plural)
septentriōnis (genitive singular)
septentriōnum (genitive plural)
septentriōnī (dative singular)
septentriōnibus (dative plural)
septentriōnem (accusative singular)
septentriōnēs (accusative plural)
septentriōne (ablative singular)
septentriōnibus (ablative plural)
septentriō (singular vocative)
septentriōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: septentrión

→ Catalan: septentrió

→ Galician: setentrión

→ Italian: settentrione

→ Old French: septemtrion

French: septentrion

→ Middle English: septemtrioun

English: septentrion

→ Piedmontese: stentrion

→ Portuguese: setentrião

→ Romanian: septentrion

→ Spanish: septentrión

From septem (“seven”) + triō (“plow ox”; “Ursa Major”, “Ursa Minor”), from terō (“to rub”), the Latin name of both Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, from their appearance of milling around the north celestial pole.

compound

Hic ergo Septentrio maior ... Haec igitur ursa a Graecis Helice appellatur.

ca. 64 BCE – 17 CE, Hyginus mythicus, Fabulae Calisto (177)

This is then the Big Dipper... It is therefore called the Helice bear by the Greeks.

Ursa Major, Charles' Wain, the Big Dipper

Ursa Minor, the constellation including the most recent pole star


eurus

la-noun

eurus m (genitive eurī); second declension

eurī (genitive)
eurus (nominative singular)
eurī (nominative plural)
eurī (genitive singular)
eurōrum (genitive plural)
eurō (dative singular)
eurīs (dative plural)
eurum (accusative singular)
eurōs (accusative plural)
eurō (ablative singular)
eurīs (ablative plural)
eure (singular vocative)
eurī (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek εὖρος (eûros).

(graecism) the southeast wind
the east wind

(graecism) the southeast wind
(figurative) the East


boreas

boreās m (genitive boreae); first declension

boreās (canonical masculine)
boreae (genitive)
boreās (nominative singular)
boreae (nominative plural)
boreae (genitive singular)
boreārum (genitive plural)
boreae (dative singular)
boreīs (dative plural)
boreān (accusative singular)
boreās (accusative plural)
boreā (ablative singular)
boreīs (ablative plural)
boreā (singular vocative)
boreae (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Aragonese: boira

→ Spanish: boira

Catalan: boira

Dalmatian: bura

Galician: boira

Old French: boire

Romanian: bură

Venetan: bura

Borrowed:

→ English: Boreas

→ Italian: borea; boria?

→ Middle French: borée

French: borée

→ Spanish: bóreas


Boreas

la-proper noun

Boreās m sg (genitive Boreae); first declension

Boreās (canonical masculine singular)
Boreae (genitive)
Boreās (nominative singular)
Boreae (genitive singular)
Boreae (dative singular)
Boreān (accusative singular)
Boreā (ablative singular)
Boreā (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βορέᾱς (Boréās).

Boreas, a deity who was the personification of the north wind


etesiae

la-noun

etēsiae f pl (genitive etēsiārum); first declension

etēsiae (canonical feminine plural)
etēsiārum (genitive)
etēsiae (nominative plural)
etēsiārum (genitive plural)
etēsiīs (dative plural)
etēsiās (accusative plural)
etēsiīs (ablative plural)
etēsiae (plural vocative)

Ipse enim necessario etesiis tenebatur, qui navigantibus Alexandria flant adversissimi venti.

c. 48 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Civili 3.107

He (Caesar) was necessarily detained by the Etesian winds, winds that are most unbecomming for those who travel from the shores of Alexandria.

the Etesian winds (N-W winds that blow annually in the Aegean Sea during the dog-days for forty days)


caurus

caurus m (genitive caurī); second declension

caurī (genitive)
caurus (nominative singular)
caurī (nominative plural)
caurī (genitive singular)
caurōrum (genitive plural)
caurō (dative singular)
caurīs (dative plural)
caurum (accusative singular)
caurōs (accusative plural)
caurō (ablative singular)
caurīs (ablative plural)
caure (singular vocative)
caurī (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *kaweros, probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁w- (“north; north wind; cold wind; rain shower”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *sěverъ (“north”), Lithuanian šiaurė ("north"), German Schauer, and English shower.


flabrum

la-noun

flābrum n (genitive flābrī); second declension

flābrum (canonical neuter)
flābrī (genitive)
flābrum (nominative singular)
flābra (nominative plural)
flābrī (genitive singular)
flābrōrum (genitive plural)
flābrō (dative singular)
flābrīs (dative plural)
flābrum (accusative singular)
flābra (accusative plural)
flābrō (ablative singular)
flābrīs (ablative plural)
flābrum (singular vocative)
flābra (plural vocative)

Romanian: flaur

[ˈfɫ̪äːbrʊ̃ˑ]


argestes

argestēs m (genitive argestae); first declension

argestēs (canonical masculine)
argestae (genitive)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀργέστης (argéstēs).

(graecism) wind from the west-northwest (according to Pliny the Elder) or west-southwest (according to Vitruvius)


zephyrus

zephyrus m (genitive zephyrī); second declension

zephyrī (genitive)
zephyrus (nominative singular)
zephyrī (nominative plural)
zephyrī (genitive singular)
zephyrōrum (genitive plural)
zephyrō (dative singular)
zephyrīs (dative plural)
zephyrum (accusative singular)
zephyrōs (accusative plural)
zephyrō (ablative singular)
zephyrīs (ablative plural)
zephyre (singular vocative)
zephyrī (plural vocative)

Galician: cebra

→ Catalan: Zèfir

→ English: Zephyr, zephyr

→ Galician: Céfiro

→ German: Zephir

→ Italian: zefiro, Zefiro

desctree

→ Middle English: Zephirus, Zeferus, Zepherus, Zephyrus
English: Zephyrus

→ Middle French: zephire

French: zéphyr, zéphir, zéphire; Zéphyr
→ English: zéphire
→ Ottoman Turkish: زفیر (zefir)
Turkish: zefir
→ Polish: zefir
→ Romanian: zefir
→ Russian: зефи́р (zefír, “marshmallow”)
→ Belarusian: зефі́р (zjefír) (semantic loan)
→ English: zefir, → zephyr (semantic loan)
→ Georgian: ზეფირი (zepiri)
→ Ukrainian: зефі́р (zefír) (semantic loan)

→ Old French: Zephirus

→ Polish: Zefir

→ Portuguese: zéfiro, Zéfiro

→ Spanish: céfiro, Céfiro

[ˈd̪͡z̪ɛpʰʏrʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Ζέφυρος (Zéphuros, “Zephyrus, the west wind”). Not related to zephirum or sefiroth.

bor

Sī quā fidēs ventīs, Zephyrō date carbasa, nautae.
crās veniet vestrīs ille secundus aquīs.
If there is any trust in the winds, sailors, spread your sails to Zephyrus. Tomorrow he will come, favorable upon your waters.
(Note the echoing sonority of “ventīs,” “veniet” and “vestrīs.”)

the gentle west wind, the western breeze, zephyr; personified as the Greek god Zephyrus


Vulturnus

la-proper noun

Vulturnus m (genitive Vulturnī); second declension

Vulturnī (genitive)
Vulturnus (nominative singular)
Vulturnī (nominative plural)
Vulturnī (genitive singular)
Vulturnōrum (genitive plural)
Vulturnō (dative singular)
Vulturnīs (dative plural)
Vulturnum (accusative singular)
Vulturnōs (accusative plural)
Vulturnō (ablative singular)
Vulturnīs (ablative plural)
Vulturne (singular vocative)
Vulturnī (plural vocative)

From Vultur, name of a mountain in Apulia southeast of Rome, possibly related to vultur (“vulture”).

[u̯ʊɫ̪ˈt̪ʊrnʊs̠]

Venti fiunt ex aeris motu et inclinatione. Sunt autem generales quattuor: eurus, idem apheliotes, idem vulturnus ab oriente; ab occidente zephyrus, idem corus, idem favonius; aquilo, idem boreas, aparctias idem, a septentrione; notus, idem libs et auster et africus a meridie.

3rd c. AD, Lucius Ampelius, Liber Memorialis IV

Winds are caused by the motion and direction of air. Principally there are four winds, Eurus, that is Apheliotes or Vulturnus from the east; from the west, Zephyrus, or Corus or Favonius; Aquilo, or Boreas or Aparctias from the north; and Notus, that is Lips, Auster or Africus from the south.

Sunt ergo bini in quattuor caeli partibus, ab oriente aequinoctiali subsolanus, ab oriente brumali vulturnus.

c. 79 CE, Pliny Maior, Naturalis Historiae II.119

Then each quarter of the sky is taken in half, so that [from the north-east, where the sun rises] by summer comes Subsolanus, from [the south-east where the sun rises] by winter comes Vulturnus.

The south-east wind or the east wind, depending on the source


boreus

la-adj

boreus (feminine borea, neuter boreum); first/second-declension adjective

borea (feminine)
boreum (neuter)
boreus (masculine nominative singular)
borea (feminine nominative singular)
boreum (neuter nominative singular)
boreī (masculine nominative plural)
boreae (feminine nominative plural)
borea (neuter nominative plural)
boreī (genitive masculine singular)
boreae (feminine genitive singular)
boreī (genitive neuter singular)
boreōrum (genitive masculine plural)
boreārum (feminine genitive plural)
boreōrum (genitive neuter plural)
boreō (dative masculine singular)
boreae (dative feminine singular)
boreō (dative neuter singular)
boreīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
boreum (accusative masculine singular)
boream (accusative feminine singular)
boreum (accusative neuter singular)
boreōs (accusative masculine plural)
boreās (accusative feminine plural)
borea (accusative neuter plural)
boreō (ablative masculine singular)
boreā (ablative feminine singular)
boreō (ablative neuter singular)
boreīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
boree (masculine singular vocative)
borea (feminine singular vocative)
boreum (neuter singular vocative)
boreī (masculine plural vocative)
boreae (feminine plural vocative)
borea (neuter plural vocative)

Related to boreās, from Ancient Greek Βορέᾱς (Boréās).


circius

la-noun

circius m (genitive circiī or circī); second declension

circiī (genitive)
circī (genitive)
circius (nominative singular)
circiī (nominative plural)
circiī (genitive singular)
circī (genitive singular)
circiōrum (genitive plural)
circiō (dative singular)
circiīs (dative plural)
circium (accusative singular)
circiōs (accusative plural)
circiō (ablative singular)
circiīs (ablative plural)
circie (singular vocative)
circiī (plural vocative)

Asturian: zarza

Galician: zarzo

Spanish: cierzo

desc

→ Arabic: شُرْش (šurš), مُشَرَّش (mušarraš, “northwest wind”)

From Ancient Greek κίρκιος (kírkios), from Κιρκαῖον (Kirkaîon).


encolpiae

la-noun

encolpiae m pl (genitive encolpiārum); first declension

encolpiārum (genitive)
encolpiae (nominative plural)
encolpiārum (genitive plural)
encolpiīs (dative plural)
encolpiās (accusative plural)
encolpiīs (ablative plural)
encolpiae (plural vocative)

[ɛŋˈkɔɫ̪piäe̯]

From Ancient Greek ἐγκολπίας (enkolpías).


solanus

sōlānus m (genitive sōlānī); second declension

sōlānus (canonical masculine)
sōlānī (genitive)
sōlānus (nominative singular)
sōlānī (nominative plural)
sōlānī (genitive singular)
sōlānōrum (genitive plural)
sōlānō (dative singular)
sōlānīs (dative plural)
sōlānum (accusative singular)
sōlānōs (accusative plural)
sōlānō (ablative singular)
sōlānīs (ablative plural)
sōlāne (singular vocative)
sōlānī (plural vocative)

Asturian: solanu

Galician: soán

Portuguese: soão, suão

[s̠oːˈɫ̪äːnʊs̠]


subsolanus

subsōlānus m (genitive subsōlānī); second declension

subsōlānus (canonical masculine)
subsōlānī (genitive)
subsōlānus (nominative singular)
subsōlānī (nominative plural)
subsōlānī (genitive singular)
subsōlānōrum (genitive plural)
subsōlānō (dative singular)
subsōlānīs (dative plural)
subsōlānum (accusative singular)
subsōlānōs (accusative plural)
subsōlānō (ablative singular)
subsōlānīs (ablative plural)
subsōlāne (singular vocative)
subsōlānī (plural vocative)

[s̠ʊps̠oːˈɫ̪äːnʊs̠]

From sub- (“under, below”) + sōlānus (“of the sun”), made up of sōl ("sun") + -ānus.

af

the east wind (the Latin equivalent of Ancient Greek ἀπηλιώτης (apēliṓtēs))


favonius

la-noun

favōnius m (genitive favōniī or favōnī); second declension

favōnius (canonical masculine)
favōniī (genitive)
favōnī (genitive)
favōnius (nominative singular)
favōniī (nominative plural)
favōniī (genitive singular)
favōnī (genitive singular)
favōniōrum (genitive plural)
favōniō (dative singular)
favōniīs (dative plural)
favōnium (accusative singular)
favōniōs (accusative plural)
favōniō (ablative singular)
favōniīs (ablative plural)
favōnie (singular vocative)
favōniī (plural vocative)

Inherited forms:

Aragonese: favueño

Italian: fogno

⇒ Neapolitan: abbafaogno

Old Spanish: fauonno

Romansch: favugn

Ancient borrowings:

→ Koine Greek: Φαώνιος (Phaṓnios)

Greek: Φαώνιος (Faónios)

→ Old High German: phonno

German: Föhn (“warm wind; hair dryer”) (see there for further descendants)

Learned borrowings:

→ Italian: favonio

Implying Proto-Italic *favō (“one who favors/warms”): either from the root of faveō (“to favor”) and Faunus (itself of disputed etymology), or from that of foveō (“to warm, cherish”), with the *low- > law development of caveō, lavō (a.k.a. Thurneysen-Havet's Law).


thrascias

la-noun

thrāsciās m (genitive thrāsciae); first declension

thrāsciās (canonical masculine)
thrāsciae (genitive)
thrāsciās (nominative singular)
thrāsciae (nominative plural)
thrāsciae (genitive singular)
thrāsciārum (genitive plural)
thrāsciae (dative singular)
thrāsciīs (dative plural)
thrāsciān (accusative singular)
thrāsciās (accusative plural)
thrāsciā (ablative singular)
thrāsciīs (ablative plural)
thrāsciā (singular vocative)
thrāsciae (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪ʰräːs̠kiäːs̠]

[ˈt̪räʃːiäs]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Θρᾳσκίας (Thrāiskías).


apeliotes

apēliōtēs m (genitive apēliōtae); first declension

apēliōtēs (canonical masculine)
apēliōtae (genitive)
apēliōtēs (nominative singular)
apēliōtae (nominative plural)
apēliōtae (genitive singular)
apēliōtārum (genitive plural)
apēliōtae (dative singular)
apēliōtīs (dative plural)
apēliōtēn (accusative singular)
apēliōtās (accusative plural)
apēliōtē (ablative singular)
apēliōtīs (ablative plural)
apēliōtē (singular vocative)
apēliōtae (plural vocative)

Italian: apeliota, apeliote

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀπηλιώτης (apēliṓtēs), compound of ἀπό (apó, “from”) + ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”).


caecias

caeciās m (genitive caeciae); first declension

caeciās (canonical masculine)
caeciae (genitive)
caeciās (nominative singular)
caeciae (nominative plural)
caeciae (genitive singular)
caeciārum (genitive plural)
caeciae (dative singular)
caeciīs (dative plural)
caeciān (accusative singular)
caeciās (accusative plural)
caeciā (ablative singular)
caeciīs (ablative plural)
caeciā (singular vocative)
caeciae (plural vocative)

→ English: Caecias

[ˈt͡ʃɛːt͡ʃiäs]