dorsum

dorsum n (genitive dorsī); second declension

dorsī (genitive)
dorsum (nominative singular)
dorsa (nominative plural)
dorsī (genitive singular)
dorsōrum (genitive plural)
dorsō (dative singular)
dorsīs (dative plural)
dorsum (accusative singular)
dorsa (accusative plural)
dorsō (ablative singular)
dorsīs (ablative plural)
dorsum (singular vocative)
dorsa (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: dossum (see there for further descendants)

→ Catalan: dors

→ English: dorsum

→ Esperanto: dorso

→ Italian: dorso

→ Portuguese: dorso

→ Spanish: dorso

From Proto-Italic *dorsom, probably derived from deorsum (“downwards”) < *dēvorsum, with a semantic shift from "turned away from" > "back". Ramat notes that the two terms' contemporaneous use suggests that one was not a phonetic development of the other; however, de Vaan explains this as a case of lexical differentiation in the written and by extension spoken forms. A potential connection with a Proto-Celtic *dros-man, giving Old Irish druimm (“back, ridge”), is unclear.

[ˈd̪ɔrs̠ʊ̃ˑ]

Trīs Notus abreptās in saxa latentia torquet —
saxa vocant Italī mediīs quae in flūctibus ārās —
dorsum immāne marī summō ….
Three [ships] were taken away [by] the Southwind, hurled into hidden rocks – rocks the Italians call the Altars, which [are] in the middle of the waves – a vast reef near the surface of the sea.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.108–110

(This “vast reef” or “huge ridge” posed a hidden danger; understood more imaginatively, a “monstrous spine” of rock destroyed the ships. Notus was the Greek south wind.)

Quae ab situ porrectae in dorso urbis Longa Alba appellata

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.3

This [new city] was named Alba Longa, from its position, as it lay stretched out along the ridge

(transferred sense) the ridge, summit of a hill, a reef in the sea; any elevation


flumen

la-noun

flūmen n (genitive flūminis); third declension

flūmen (canonical neuter)
flūminis (genitive)
flūmen (nominative singular)
flūmina (nominative plural)
flūminis (genitive singular)
flūminum (genitive plural)
flūminī (dative singular)
flūminibus (dative plural)
flūmen (accusative singular)
flūmina (accusative plural)
flūmine (ablative singular)
flūminibus (ablative plural)
flūmen (singular vocative)
flūmina (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: flumin

Dalmatian:

floim

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: fiume

Italian: fiume

Judeo-Italian: פְֿלוּמוֹ (flumo)

Neapolitan: sciummo

Sicilian: ciumi

Padanian:

Friulian: flum

Istriot: fioûme, fiòume

Ligurian: sciumme

desc

Romansch: flum, (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) flem, (Puter, Vallader) flüm

Venetan: fium, fiume

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: flum, flom

Old French: flum (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: flume, flum

Ibero-Romance: (early borrowings?)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: frume, flume
Portuguese: flume

Old Spanish: flum

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: frùmene, frùmini

Borrowings:

→ English: flumen

→ Portuguese: flúmen

From fluō (“I flow”) + -men (noun-forming suffix).

suffix

Gallōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Mātrona et Sēquana dīvidit.
The Garonne river separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; from the Belgae, the Marne and the Seine (separate them).

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1

Omnia haec mire placent cum impetu quodam et flumine pervehuntur

61 CE – c. 112 CE, Pliny the Younger, Epistulae 1.16

All these wondrously delight me and are carried along with a certain passion and flow.


mons

la-noun

mōns m (genitive montis); third declension

mōns (canonical masculine)
montis (genitive)
mōns (nominative singular)
montēs (nominative plural)
montis (genitive singular)
montium (genitive plural)
montī (dative singular)
montibus (dative plural)
montem (accusative singular)
montēs (accusative plural)
montīs (accusative plural)
monte (ablative singular)
montibus (ablative plural)
mōns (singular vocative)
montēs (plural vocative)

much is promised, but little will be performed; the mountains are in labour, a ridiculous mouse will be born

parturiunt montēs, nāscētur rīdiculus mūs

montēs aurī pollicērī

to make great promises; to promise mountains of gold

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: munti, munte

Istro-Romanian: munte

Megleno-Romanian: munti

Romanian: munte

Dalmatian:

muant

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: monti

Italian: monte

Sicilian: munti

North Italian:

Istriot: monto

Venetan: mónte

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: mont

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: munt

French: mont

Occitan: mont

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: monte

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: monte m
Galician: monte m
Portuguese: monte m (see there for further descendants)

Sardinian: monte

Spanish: monte

→ Old English: munt
Middle English: mount, mont, mounte, mownt, munt
English: mount
Scots: munt

Vulgar Latin: *montāre (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *monts, from Proto-Indo-European *món-tis, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to stand out, to tower”). Compare Old Breton monid, Breton menez, Cornish menydh, Welsh mynydd.

der

(metonymically) mountain beasts, wild beasts (Late Latin, poetically)


Ina

la-proper noun

Ina f sg (genitive Inae); first declension

Inae (genitive)
Ina (nominative singular)
Inae (genitive singular)
Inae (dative singular)
Inam (accusative singular)
Inā (ablative singular)
Ina (singular vocative)
Inae (locative singular)

An inland town in the south of Sicily mentioned by Ptolemy


Tiare

Tiārē f sg (genitive Tiārēs); first declension

Tiārē (canonical feminine singular)
Tiārēs (genitive)
Tiārē (nominative singular)
Tiārēs (genitive singular)
Tiārae (dative singular)
Tiārēn (accusative singular)
Tiārē (ablative singular)
Tiārē (singular vocative)
Tiārae (locative singular)


Kalevala

Kalevala f sg (genitive Kalevalae); first declension

Kalevalae (genitive)
Kalevala (nominative singular)
Kalevalae (genitive singular)
Kalevalae (dative singular)
Kalevalam (accusative singular)
Kalevalā (ablative singular)
Kalevala (singular vocative)

[käˈɫ̪eu̯äɫ̪ä]

[käˈlɛːvälä]

Kalevalsky District
Kalevalsky District#English

Republic of Karelia
Republic of Karelia#English

An urban-type settlement, the administrative capital of the Kalevalsky District, Republic of Karelia, in northwestern Russia; also historically known as Uhtua.


Aga

Aga f sg (genitive Agae); first declension

Agae (genitive)
Aga (nominative singular)
Agae (genitive singular)
Agae (dative singular)
Agam (accusative singular)
Agā (ablative singular)
Aga (singular vocative)

A mountain in Armenia, mentioned by Pliny


Sequana

Sēquana f sg or m sg (genitive Sēquanae); first declension

Sēquana (canonical feminine masculine singular)
Sēquanae (genitive)
Sēquana (nominative singular)
Sēquanae (genitive singular)
Sēquanae (dative singular)
Sēquanam (accusative singular)
Sēquanā (ablative singular)
Sēquana (singular vocative)

Late Latin: Sēcona, Sēgona

French: Seine

desctree

→ Proto-West Germanic: *Sīganu, *Sīgunu
Old English: Sīgen
Old Saxon: Sīgana
Old High German: Sīgona, Sīgana

Sicilian: Sigona

[ˈs̠eːkʷänä]

From a Celtic deity who descended from the Proto-Indo-European pantheon, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to flow”).

The Seine (a major river in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Grand Est, Île-de-France and Normandy regions, France)


Hermione

la-proper noun

Hermionē f sg (genitive Hermionēs); first declension

Hermionē (canonical feminine singular)
Hermionēs (genitive)
Hermionē (nominative singular)
Hermionēs (genitive singular)
Hermionae (dative singular)
Hermionēn (accusative singular)
Hermionē (ablative singular)
Hermionē (singular vocative)
Hermionae (locative singular)

Italian: Ermione


Myra

Myra n pl (genitive Myrōrum); second declension

Myrōrum (genitive)
Myra (nominative plural)
Myrōrum (genitive plural)
Myrīs (dative plural)
Myra (accusative plural)
Myrīs (ablative plural)
Myra (plural vocative)
Myrīs (locative plural)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μύρα (Múra).


Sabrina

Sabrīna f sg (genitive Sabrīnae); first declension

Sabrīna (canonical feminine singular)
Sabrīnae (genitive)
Sabrīna (nominative singular)
Sabrīnae (genitive singular)
Sabrīnae (dative singular)
Sabrīnam (accusative singular)
Sabrīnā (ablative singular)
Sabrīna (singular vocative)


Tagus

Tagus m sg (genitive Tagī); second declension

Tagī (genitive)
Tagus (nominative singular)
Tagī (genitive singular)
Tagō (dative singular)
Tagum (accusative singular)
Tagō (ablative singular)
Tage (singular vocative)

Portuguese: Tejo

Spanish: Tajo

→ English: Tagus


litus

la-noun

lītus n (genitive lītoris); third declension

lītus (canonical neuter)
lītoris (genitive)
lītus (nominative singular)
lītora (nominative plural)
lītoris (genitive singular)
lītorum (genitive plural)
lītorī (dative singular)
lītoribus (dative plural)
lītus (accusative singular)
lītora (accusative plural)
lītore (ablative singular)
lītoribus (ablative plural)
lītus (singular vocative)
lītora (plural vocative)

Corsican: lidu

desc

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">lito</i>

Italian: lido (obsolete lito)

Sicilian: litu

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="vec">lio</i>

Venetan: lido (obsolete lio)

[ˈlʲiːt̪ʊs̠]

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to flow”), whence perhaps Lithuania. De Vaan is unconvinced, and prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *leyt-os- (“going”) (with sense development "going away" > "end, side" > "seashore, coast"), from *leyt- (“to go, depart”), whence Tocharian B litā- (“to pass on”), Avestan 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬚𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ⁱriθiieⁱti, “to die, pass away”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (galeiþan, “to depart, go forth”).

cog

... juvat ire et Dorica castra desertosque videre locos litusque relictum.

... it was a delight to walk through the Doric camp and to see the deserted places and the abandoned shore.


Aegium

la-proper noun

Aegium n sg (genitive Aegiī or Aegī); second declension

Aegiī (genitive)
Aegī (genitive)
Aegium (nominative singular)
Aegiī (genitive singular)
Aegī (genitive singular)
Aegiō (dative singular)
Aegium (accusative singular)
Aegiō (ablative singular)
Aegium (singular vocative)
Aegiī (locative singular)


Singapura

Singapura f sg (genitive Singapurae); first declension

Singapurae (genitive)
Singapura (nominative singular)
Singapurae (genitive singular)
Singapurae (dative singular)
Singapuram (accusative singular)
Singapurā (ablative singular)
Singapura (singular vocative)

[s̠ɪŋˈɡäpʊrä]

(New Latin) Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


clivus

la-noun

clīvus m (genitive clīvī); second declension

clīvus (canonical masculine)
clīvī (genitive)
clīvus (nominative singular)
clīvī (nominative plural)
clīvī (genitive singular)
clīvōrum (genitive plural)
clīvō (dative singular)
clīvīs (dative plural)
clīvum (accusative singular)
clīvōs (accusative plural)
clīvō (ablative singular)
clīvīs (ablative plural)
clīve (singular vocative)
clīvī (plural vocative)

English: clivus

Italian: clivo

Inherited from Proto-Italic *kleiwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleywós, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to lean”) (Latin clīnō, English lean) + *-wós (Latin -vus).


Finnia

la-proper noun

Finnia f sg (genitive Finniae); first declension

Finniae (genitive)
Finnia (nominative singular)
Finniae (genitive singular)
Finniae (dative singular)
Finniam (accusative singular)
Finniā (ablative singular)
Finnia (singular vocative)

From Old Norse Finnr or a descendant term.


Ulla

Ulla m sg (genitive Ullae); first declension

Ullae (genitive)
Ulla (nominative singular)
Ullae (genitive singular)
Ullae (dative singular)
Ullam (accusative singular)
Ullā (ablative singular)
Ulla (singular vocative)

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *u̥lH-yeh₂, from the zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind”).

der

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis

A river of Gallaecia, Hispania Tarraconensis, still called this way


Birmania

la-proper noun

Birmania f sg (genitive Birmaniae); first declension

Birmaniae (genitive)
Birmania (nominative singular)
Birmaniae (genitive singular)
Birmaniae (dative singular)
Birmaniam (accusative singular)
Birmaniā (ablative singular)
Birmania (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Myanmar (a country in Southeast Asia)


Arne

Arnē f sg (genitive Arnēs); first declension

Arnē (canonical feminine singular)
Arnēs (genitive)
Arnē (nominative singular)
Arnēs (genitive singular)
Arnae (dative singular)
Arnēn (accusative singular)
Arnē (ablative singular)
Arnē (singular vocative)
Arnae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄρνη (Árnē).


Troia

Troia f sg (genitive Troiae); first declension

Troiae (genitive)
Troia (nominative singular)
Troiae (genitive singular)
Troiae (dative singular)
Troiam (accusative singular)
Troiā (ablative singular)
Troia (singular vocative)
Troiae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τροίᾱ (Troíā).

Troy (an ancient city in far northwestern Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Ionia

Iōnia f sg (genitive Iōniae); first declension

Iōnia (canonical feminine singular)
Iōniae (genitive)
Iōnia (nominative singular)
Iōniae (genitive singular)
Iōniae (dative singular)
Iōniam (accusative singular)
Iōniā (ablative singular)
Iōnia (singular vocative)
Iōniae (locative singular)

Ionia (a region of Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


Gana

Gana f sg (genitive Ganae); first declension

Ganae (genitive)
Gana (nominative singular)
Ganae (genitive singular)
Ganae (dative singular)
Ganam (accusative singular)
Ganā (ablative singular)
Gana (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Ghana (a country in West Africa)


Ledesia

Ledesia f sg (genitive Ledesiae); first declension

Ledesiae (genitive)
Ledesia (nominative singular)
Ledesiae (genitive singular)
Ledesiae (dative singular)
Ledesiam (accusative singular)
Ledesiā (ablative singular)
Ledesia (singular vocative)
Ledesiae (locative singular)

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Leeds (a large city and metropolitan borough in modern West Yorkshire, England)


Laelia

Laelia f sg (genitive Laeliae); first declension

Laeliae (genitive)
Laelia (nominative singular)
Laeliae (genitive singular)
Laeliae (dative singular)
Laeliam (accusative singular)
Laeliā (ablative singular)
Laelia (singular vocative)
Laeliae (locative singular)

[ˈɫ̪äe̯lʲiä]

an inland city of the Turdetani, in Hispania Baetica


Aulis

Aulis f sg (genitive Aulidis); third declension

Aulidis (genitive)
Aulis (nominative singular)
Aulidis (genitive singular)
Aulidī (dative singular)
Aulidem (accusative singular)
Aulide (ablative singular)
Aulis (singular vocative)
Aulidī (locative singular)
Aulide (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Αὐλίς (Aulís).

A town of Boeotiaon the Euripus, celebrated as the place from which the Grecian fleet set sail for Troy


Asta

Asta f sg (genitive Astae); first declension

Astae (genitive)
Asta (nominative singular)
Astae (genitive singular)
Astae (dative singular)
Astam (accusative singular)
Astā (ablative singular)
Asta (singular vocative)
Astae (locative singular)

A city of Liguria on the river Tanarus, now Asti


Iordania

Iordania f sg (genitive Iordaniae); first declension

Iordaniae (genitive)
Iordania (nominative singular)
Iordaniae (genitive singular)
Iordaniae (dative singular)
Iordaniam (accusative singular)
Iordaniā (ablative singular)
Iordania (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Lipsia

Lipsia f sg (genitive Lipsiae); first declension

Lipsiae (genitive)
Lipsia (nominative singular)
Lipsiae (genitive singular)
Lipsiae (dative singular)
Lipsiam (accusative singular)
Lipsiā (ablative singular)
Lipsia (singular vocative)
Lipsiae (locative singular)

Italian: Lipsia

Portuguese: Lípsia

(Medieval Latin) Leipzig (a city in Saxony, Germany)


Galatia

Galatīa f sg (genitive Galatīae); first declension

Galatīa (canonical feminine singular)
Galatīae (genitive)
Galatīa (nominative singular)
Galatīae (genitive singular)
Galatīae (dative singular)
Galatīam (accusative singular)
Galatīā (ablative singular)
Galatīa (singular vocative)
Galatīae (locative singular)

Italian: Galazia

→ Armenian: Գաղատիա (Gaġatia)

→ Catalan: Galàcia

→ English: Galatia

→ Finnish: Galatia

→ French: Galatie

→ German: Galatien

→ Irish: an Ghaláit

→ Polish: Galacja

→ Portuguese: Galácia

→ Romanian: Galatia

→ Russian: Галатия (Galatija)

→ Spanish: Galacia

→ Swedish: Galatien

→ Turkish: Galatia

[ɡäɫ̪äˈt̪iːä]

[ɡäläˈt̪iːä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Γᾰλᾰτῐ́ᾱ (Gălătĭ́ā).

Holonym: Anatolia

Meronyms: Ancyra, Pessinus, Rosologiacum, Tavium

Galatia (region of Anatolia, later a Roman province)


Acadia

Acadia f sg (genitive Acadiae); first declension

Acadiae (genitive)
Acadia (nominative singular)
Acadiae (genitive singular)
Acadiae (dative singular)
Acadiam (accusative singular)
Acadiā (ablative singular)
Acadia (singular vocative)
Acadiae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Acadia (a former French colony in North America in modern eastern Canada and the United States)


Pontus

Pontus m sg (genitive Pontī); second declension

Pontī (genitive)
Pontus (nominative singular)
Pontī (genitive singular)
Pontō (dative singular)
Pontum (accusative singular)
Pontō (ablative singular)
Ponte (singular vocative)

→ English: Pontus

[ˈpɔn̪t̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Πόντος (Póntos). Doublet of pōns.

Pontus (kingdom and later Roman province)


Lares

Larēs ? pl (genitive Larium); third declension

Larēs (canonical plural)
Larium (genitive)
Larēs (nominative plural)
Larium (genitive plural)
Laribus (dative plural)
Larēs (accusative plural)
Larīs (accusative plural)
Laribus (ablative plural)
Larēs (plural vocative)
Laribus (locative plural)

A city in Africa situated on the valley of the Bagrada, now Lorbeus


Ithaca

Ithaca f sg (genitive Ithacae); first declension

Ithacae (genitive)
Ithaca (nominative singular)
Ithacae (genitive singular)
Ithacae (dative singular)
Ithacam (accusative singular)
Ithacā (ablative singular)
Ithaca (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰθάκη (Ithákē).


Glevum

Glēvum n sg (genitive Glēvī); second declension

Glēvum (canonical neuter singular)
Glēvī (genitive)
Glēvum (nominative singular)
Glēvī (genitive singular)
Glēvō (dative singular)
Glēvum (accusative singular)
Glēvō (ablative singular)
Glēvum (singular vocative)
Glēvī (locative singular)

From a Celtic term meaning “bright place”, from Proto-Celtic *gleiwom.


Issa

Issa f sg (genitive Issae); first declension

Issae (genitive)
Issa (nominative singular)
Issae (genitive singular)
Issae (dative singular)
Issam (accusative singular)
Issā (ablative singular)
Issa (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἴσσα (Íssa), possibly from an Illyrian word meaning "spas," from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to move violently, rapidly”). Possibly related to Isacia, a place in Lucania mentioned by Pliny.

der

Vis (an island off the coast of Croatia)


Calpe

la-proper noun

Calpē f sg (genitive Calpēs); first declension

Calpē (canonical feminine singular)
Calpēs (genitive)
Calpē (nominative singular)
Calpēs (genitive singular)
Calpae (dative singular)
Calpēn (accusative singular)
Calpē (ablative singular)
Calpē (singular vocative)
Calpae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κάλπη (Kálpē).

A peninsula and promontory in southern Iberia; modern Gibraltar


Elis

Ēlis f sg (genitive Ēlidis); third declension

Ēlis (canonical feminine singular)
Ēlidis (genitive)
Ēlis (nominative singular)
Ēlidis (genitive singular)
Ēlidī (dative singular)
Ēlidem (accusative singular)
Ēlide (ablative singular)
Ēlis (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἦλις (Êlis).

Elis (an ancient Greek city-state in northwestern Peloponnese, modern Greece)


Pieria

Pīeria f sg (genitive Pīeriae); first declension

Pīeria (canonical feminine singular)
Pīeriae (genitive)
Pīeria (nominative singular)
Pīeriae (genitive singular)
Pīeriae (dative singular)
Pīeriam (accusative singular)
Pīeriā (ablative singular)
Pīeria (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πιερία (Piería).

An ancient district of Macedonia, in modern Greece

(historical) Pieria (a Roman province of the region of Syria, in modern Turkey)


paeninsula

la-noun

paenīnsula f (genitive paenīnsulae); first declension

paenīnsula (canonical feminine)
paenīnsulae (genitive)
paenīnsula (nominative singular)
paenīnsulae (nominative plural)
paenīnsulae (genitive singular)
paenīnsulārum (genitive plural)
paenīnsulae (dative singular)
paenīnsulīs (dative plural)
paenīnsulam (accusative singular)
paenīnsulās (accusative plural)
paenīnsulā (ablative singular)
paenīnsulīs (ablative plural)
paenīnsula (singular vocative)
paenīnsulae (plural vocative)

Catalan: península

English: peninsula

French: péninsule

Galician: península

Italian: penisola

Portuguese: península

Romanian: peninsulă

Spanish: península, Peñíscola

[päe̯ˈnĩːs̠ʊɫ̪ä]

Coined by Roman historian (59 BC – AD 17) Titus Livius, from paene (“nearly, almost”) + īnsula (“island”).

af

Italia et Graecia paeninsulae sunt.


Graecia

la-proper noun

Graecia f sg (genitive Graeciae); first declension

Graeciae (genitive)
Graecia (nominative singular)
Graeciae (genitive singular)
Graeciae (dative singular)
Graeciam (accusative singular)
Graeciā (ablative singular)
Graecia (singular vocative)

→ Irish: An Ghréig

→ Albanian: Greqia

→ Aromanian: Gãrtsia

→ Catalan: Grècia

→ Galician: Grecia

→ Italian: Grecia

→ Old French: Grece

French: Grèce

→ Middle English: Grece

English: Greece (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: Grécia

→ Romanian: Grecia

→ Sicilian: Grecia

→ Spanish: Grecia

[ˈɡrɛːt͡ʃiä]

From Graecus from Ancient Greek Γραικός (Graikós).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Vindobona

Vindobona f sg (genitive Vindobonae); first declension

Vindobonae (genitive)
Vindobona (nominative singular)
Vindobonae (genitive singular)
Vindobonae (dative singular)
Vindobonam (accusative singular)
Vindobonā (ablative singular)
Vindobona (singular vocative)
Vindobonae (locative singular)

[u̯ɪn̪ˈd̪ɔbɔnä]

Borrowed from Gaulish *Windobona, probably from *windos (“white”) and *bona (“base”); see Vindobona and Vienna for more.


Roma

Rōma f sg (genitive Rōmae); first declension

Rōma (canonical feminine singular)
Rōmae (genitive)
Rōma (nominative singular)
Rōmae (genitive singular)
Rōmae (dative singular)
Rōmam (accusative singular)
Rōmā (ablative singular)
Rōma (singular vocative)
Rōmae (locative singular)

desctree

Italian: Roma
→ Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)
→ Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)
→ Korean: 로마 (roma)

Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)
French: Rome
→ Guianese Creole: Ròm
→ Haitian Creole: Wòm
→ Persian: رم (rom)
→ Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)
Norman: Rome
Picard: Rome
Walloon: Rome

Old Occitan:

Occitan: Roma

Catalan: Roma

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese: Roma
Galician: Roma
Portuguese: Roma

Old Spanish: Roma

Spanish: Roma

Sicilian: Ruma, Roma

Borrowings

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)
Greek: Ρώμη (Rómi)
→ Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)
→ Aramaic: רומא
Classical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)
→ Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)
Armenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)
→ Egyptian: h:r:M-t*t:xAst (hrm)
→ Parthian: (/Frōm/)
Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)
Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)
→ Sogdian: ("Rome, Byzantium")
Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /Frūm, Frōm/)
Sogdian script: 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /Frūm/)
→ Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢 (pur¹m /purum/) ("Byzantium, Greek")
→ Chinese: 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (via Iranian)
→ Middle Persian: (/Hrōm/, “Rome; Byzantine”)
Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)
Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)
Pazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)
Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)
Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)
→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)

→ Arabic: روما (rūmā)

→ Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō (see there for further descendants)

→ Southern Common Slavic: *Rymъ

Proto-Eastern South Slavic: *Rĩmъ

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)
Bulgarian: Рим (Rim)
Macedonian: Рим (Rim)
→ Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)
Old Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)
Belarusian: Рым (Rym)
Carpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)
Ukrainian: Рим (Rym)
Russian: Рим (Rim)
→ Romanian: Râm (obsolete)

Proto-Western South Slavic: *Rĩmъ

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Ри̑м

Latin script: Rȋm

Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)

→ Old Czech: Řím
Czech: Řím
→ Kashubian: Rzim
→ Old Polish: Rzym
Polish: Rzym
→ Silesian: Rzim
→ Slovak: Rím

→ Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא

Israeli Hebrew: רומא (róma)

desc

→ Middle Persian: [Term?] (/Hrōmāyīg/, “Roman, Greek”)

→ Old Irish: Róm (see there for further descendants)

→ Romanian: Roma

Uncertain.
* Roman mythology derived the name from Rōmulus, name of the legendary founder and first king. This is almost certainly a folk etymology, and the name of the mythical figure is more likely derived from the city name.
* The word may derive from *Roumon- or *Roumen-, an archaic name for the Tiber river that would be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- (“to flow”) (for which compare Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”) and Στρῡμών (Strūmṓn, “Strymon, Struma”), Albanian rrymë (“stream”), Proto-Slavic *strumy (“stream”), Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”), and perhaps also Latin rūmen). If so, the intermediate source may have been an Indo-European substrate.
* The word may be of Etruscan origin, as 𐌓𐌖𐌌𐌀 (ruma) was one of the Etruscan gentes, from 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). Given the lack of a secure Indo-European etymology for Rōma, this possibility is most appealing.

Ut Roma iugum omnibus terris imponeret.

Venit Roma.

Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of modern-day Italy)

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(Ecclesiastical Latin, poetic) The Roman Catholic Church in general.


Maratha

la-proper noun

Maratha f sg (genitive Marathae); first declension

Marathae (genitive)
Maratha (nominative singular)
Marathae (genitive singular)
Marathae (dative singular)
Maratham (accusative singular)
Marathā (ablative singular)
Maratha (singular vocative)
Marathae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μάραθα (Máratha).

A town of Arcadia situated near Buphagium, in Cynuria


Lettonia

Lettonia f sg (genitive Lettoniae); first declension

Lettoniae (genitive)
Lettonia (nominative singular)
Lettoniae (genitive singular)
Lettoniae (dative singular)
Lettoniam (accusative singular)
Lettoniā (ablative singular)
Lettonia (singular vocative)

→ Asturian: Letonia

→ Basque: Letonia

→ Catalan: Letònia

→ Corsican: Lettonia

→ Franco-Provençal: Lètonia

→ French: Lettonie

→ Khmer: ឡេតូនី (leetounii)

desc

→ Lao: ແລດໂຕນີ (lǣt tō nī)

→ Lao: ແລດໂຕນີ (lǣt tō nī)

→ Persian: لتونی (letoni)

→ Friulian: Letonie

→ Galician: Letonia

→ Italian: Lettonia

→ Albanian: Letoni

→ Greek: Λεττονία (Lettonía)

→ Turkish: Letonya

→ Northern Kurdish: Letonya

→ Macedonian: Летонија (Letonija)

→ Pashto: ليتونيا (litonyã)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Lètōnija/Лѐто̄нија

→ Norman: Lettonnie/Létonîn

→ Occitan: Letònia

→ Portuguese: Letónia/Letônia

→ Romanian: Letonia

→ Spanish: Letonia

→ Central Nahuatl: Letonia

→ Tagalog: Letonya

→ Venetan: Łetonia

[ɫ̪ɛt̪ˈt̪ɔniä]

Formed as Lettonēs (“Latvians”) + -ia (“land of”), which is equivalent to German Lettland; the first element is a borrowing from German, and the short o is an apparent imitation of the names of Gaulish tribes, or of Greek.


Numidia

la-proper noun

Numidia f sg (genitive Numidiae); first declension

Numidiae (genitive)
Numidia (nominative singular)
Numidiae (genitive singular)
Numidiae (dative singular)
Numidiam (accusative singular)
Numidiā (ablative singular)
Numidia (singular vocative)
Numidiae (locative singular)

English: Numidia

French: Numidie

Italian: Numidia

Polish: Numidia

Portuguese: Numídia

Spanish: Numidia

Numidia (an ancient Berber kingdom in North Africa)


Aethiopia

Aethiopia f sg (genitive Aethiopiae); first declension

Aethiopiae (genitive)
Aethiopia (nominative singular)
Aethiopiae (genitive singular)
Aethiopiae (dative singular)
Aethiopiam (accusative singular)
Aethiopiā (ablative singular)
Aethiopia (singular vocative)

Asturian: Etiopía

→ Catalan: Etiòpia

→ English: Ethiopia

→ Gujarati: ઇથિયોપિયા (ithiyopiyā)

→ Hindi: इथियोपिया (ithiyopiyā)

→ Korean: 에티오피아 (etiopia)

→ Navajo: Iithiyópya

→ Urdu: ایتھوپیا (ethopyā)

→ Yoruba: Ìtíópíà

→ Finnish: Etiopia

French: Éthiopie

→ Khmer: អេត្យូពី (ʼeetyoupii)

desc

→ Lao: ເອທິໂອປີ (ʼē thi ʼō pī)

→ Lao: ເອທິໂອປີ (ʼē thi ʼō pī)

→ Persian: اتیوپی (etyupi)

Galician: Etiopía

Italian: Etiopia

→ Latvian: Etiopija

Norman: Êthiopie

Portuguese: Etiópia

Romanian: Etiopia

Spanish: Etiopía

→ Tagalog: Etiyopiya

[äe̯t̪ʰiˈɔpiä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopía), from Αἰθίοψ (Aithíops), of disputed origin.

bor+

Ethiopia (a historical region in East Africa)

(New Latin) Ethiopia (a country in East Africa)


Iugoslavia

la-proper noun

Iugoslavia f sg (genitive Iugoslaviae); first declension

Iugoslaviae (genitive)
Iugoslavia (nominative singular)
Iugoslaviae (genitive singular)
Iugoslaviae (dative singular)
Iugoslaviam (accusative singular)
Iugoslaviā (ablative singular)
Iugoslavia (singular vocative)
Iugoslaviae (locative singular)

[i̯ʊɡɔs̠ˈɫ̪äu̯iä]


fretum

la-noun

fretum n (genitive fretī); second declension

fretī (genitive)
fretum (nominative singular)
freta (nominative plural)
fretī (genitive singular)
fretōrum (genitive plural)
fretō (dative singular)
fretīs (dative plural)
fretum (accusative singular)
freta (accusative plural)
fretō (ablative singular)
fretīs (ablative plural)
fretum (singular vocative)
freta (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to brew, boil”) with the suffix *-eto-, but the zero-grade is inexplicable. In this case related to ferveō, fretāle and dēfrutum.

der

strait, sound, estuary, channel.
the strait of Sicily

Relinquebatur, ut ex longuinquioribus regionibus Galliae Picenique et a freto naves essent expectandae.

c. 48 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Civili 1.29

All that was left him was to wait for the arrival of ships from the remoter areas of Gaul and Picenum, and from Sicily.

Venerisne ad fretum per Mauretaniam?

Marcus Tullius Cicero, Against Vatinius Ch. 5

Did you come to the strait via Mauritania?

Et freta destituent nūdōs in lītore piscēs.

And the seas shall leave their fish bare on the shore.


Methone

la-proper noun

Methōnē f sg (genitive Methōnēs); first declension

Methōnē (canonical feminine singular)
Methōnēs (genitive)
Methōnē (nominative singular)
Methōnēs (genitive singular)
Methōnae (dative singular)
Methōnēn (accusative singular)
Methōnē (ablative singular)
Methōnē (singular vocative)
Methōnae (locative singular)

Dutch: Methone

English: Methone

French: Méthone

German: Methone

Italian: Metone

Spanish: Metone

Methoni (a village in Peloponnese, Greece)

(historical) Methone (an ancient city near present-day Methoni in Peloponnese, Greece)

Central Macedonia
Central Macedonia#English

Methoni (a village in Central Macedonia, Greece)

(historical) Methone (an ancient city-state near present-day Methoni in Central Macedonia, Greece)

(historical) Methone (an ancient city-state near present-day Ano Lechonia in Thessaly, Greece)

(historical) Former name of Methana, Methana (a city in Attica, Greece)


Chalcis

Chalcis f sg (genitive Chalcidis or Chalcidos); third declension

Chalcidis (genitive)
Chalcidos (genitive)

[ˈkʰäɫ̪kɪs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χαλκίς (Khalkís).

Chalcis (the chief town of the island of Euboea in modern Greece)

Chalcis (an ancient town in Aeolis, in modern Turkey)

Chalcis (an ancient town in Aetolia, in modern Greece)

Chalcis (an ancient town in Elis, in modern Greece)

Chalcis (an ancient town in Epirus, in modern Greece)

Chalcis (an ancient town in modern northern Syria)


Cydonia

Cydōnia f sg (genitive Cydōniae); first declension

Cydōnia (canonical feminine singular)
Cydōniae (genitive)
Cydōnia (nominative singular)
Cydōniae (genitive singular)
Cydōniae (dative singular)
Cydōniam (accusative singular)
Cydōniā (ablative singular)
Cydōnia (singular vocative)
Cydōniae (locative singular)

English: Cydonia

Translingual: Cydonia

From Ancient Greek Κυδωνία (Kudōnía), q.v.

(historical) Cydonia (an ancient city on the island of Crete, Greece)

(inexact) Synonym of Chania, Chania (a city on the island of Crete, Greece, at the site of the ancient Cydonia)


oppidum

la-noun

oppidum n (genitive oppidī); second declension

oppidī (genitive)
oppidum (nominative singular)
oppida (nominative plural)
oppidī (genitive singular)
oppidōrum (genitive plural)
oppidō (dative singular)
oppidīs (dative plural)
oppidum (accusative singular)
oppida (accusative plural)
oppidō (ablative singular)
oppidīs (ablative plural)
oppidum (singular vocative)
oppida (plural vocative)

Italian: Oppido (toponym), → oppido

Neapolitan: Oppitu, Òppete (toponyms)

Portuguese: Óbidos (toponym), → ópido

[ˈɔpːɪd̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *oppedom, from Proto-Indo-European *pedo- meaning either "step > ground" or "foot" - compare the morphology of Ancient Greek ἐπίπεδος (epípedos, “plane, superficial”). Cognates include Ancient Greek πέδον (pédon), Sanskrit पद (pada, “on or over the plain”).

cog

Manus gladiatorum oppido eruperat.

The company of gladiators had made a sally from the town.

town (esp. of towns other than Rome, which was generally called Urbs)


Corniculum

la-proper noun

Corniculum n sg (genitive Corniculī); second declension

Corniculī (genitive)
Corniculum (nominative singular)
Corniculī (genitive singular)
Corniculō (dative singular)
Corniculum (accusative singular)
Corniculō (ablative singular)
Corniculum (singular vocative)
Corniculī (locative singular)


Arna

Arna f sg (genitive Arnae); first declension

Arnae (genitive)
Arna (nominative singular)
Arnae (genitive singular)
Arnae (dative singular)
Arnam (accusative singular)
Arnā (ablative singular)
Arna (singular vocative)
Arnae (locative singular)


Cornus

Cornus f sg (genitive Cornī); second declension

Cornī (genitive)
Cornus (nominative singular)
Cornī (genitive singular)
Cornō (dative singular)
Cornum (accusative singular)
Cornō (ablative singular)
Corne (singular vocative)
Cornī (locative singular)

An ancient city on the west coast of Sardinia


Mare Germanicum

Mare Germānicum n sg (genitive Maris Germānicī); third declension

Mare Germānicum (canonical neuter singular)
Maris Germānicī (genitive)
Mare Germānicum (nominative singular)
Maris Germānicī (genitive singular)
Marī Germānicō (dative singular)
Mare Germānicum (accusative singular)
Marī Germānicō (ablative singular)
Mare Germānicum (singular vocative)

German: Mare Germanicum n

From mare (“sea”) + Germānicus (“Germanic; German”). Literally "the Germanic Sea" or "the German Sea".


Mare Balticum

Mare Balticum n sg (genitive Maris Balticī); third declension

Maris Balticī (genitive)
Mare Balticum (nominative singular)
Maris Balticī (genitive singular)
Marī Balticō (dative singular)
Mare Balticum (accusative singular)
Marī Balticō (ablative singular)
Mare Balticum (singular vocative)

From mare (“sea”) + balticum, the neuter form of balticus (“Baltic”). Literally "the Baltic sea".


Camulodunum

Camulodūnum n sg (genitive Camulodūnī); second declension

Camulodūnum (canonical neuter singular)
Camulodūnī (genitive)
Camulodūnum (nominative singular)
Camulodūnī (genitive singular)
Camulodūnō (dative singular)
Camulodūnum (accusative singular)
Camulodūnō (ablative singular)
Camulodūnum (singular vocative)
Camulodūnī (locative singular)

[kämʊɫ̪ɔˈd̪uːnʊ̃ˑ]

Fortress of Camulus, a Celtic deity, + *dūnom (“fortification”).


promunturium

la-noun

prōmunturium n (genitive prōmunturiī or prōmunturī); second declension

prōmunturium (canonical neuter)
prōmunturiī (genitive)
prōmunturī (genitive)
prōmunturium (nominative singular)
prōmunturia (nominative plural)
prōmunturiī (genitive singular)
prōmunturī (genitive singular)
prōmunturiōrum (genitive plural)
prōmunturiō (dative singular)
prōmunturiīs (dative plural)
prōmunturium (accusative singular)
prōmunturia (accusative plural)
prōmunturiō (ablative singular)
prōmunturiīs (ablative plural)
prōmunturium (singular vocative)
prōmunturia (plural vocative)

Catalan: promontori

English: promontory

French: promontoire

Galician: promontorio

Italian: promontorio

Portuguese: promontório

Spanish: promontorio

Unclear. The first element can be identified as the prefix prō-. Although the end of the word resembles the suffix -tōrium, the spelling with -torium seems to postdate that with -turium, and the word scans in Ovid Metamorphoses 15.709 as prōmuntŭrĭumque (per Müller, who rejects the alternative of reading this line with synizesis as prōmuntūr.jumque).
The second element is typically considered to be mōns, montis (“mountain”). The /u/ could have developed by vowel reduction (which was a regular sound change in non-initial syllables); alternatively, the variation between /o/ and /u/ in this word could be akin to that seen in some other words before a nasal in a closed syllable (even a word-initial syllable) such as frōns/frūns. Lewis and Short (1879) and Gaffiot (1934) favor a derivation from prōmineō (“project, jut out”) (ultimately derived, like mōns, from Proto-Indo-European *men-); however, Ernout and Meillet (1985) consider this difficult. De Vaan, noting that -tōrium is typically affixed to verb bases, proposes an alternative etymology from prōmoneō (“warn”) via contraction of *prōmonetōriom, with the idea that a word meaning "warner" might be used to refer to a "'signpost' in the landscape".

inde legit Capreas promunturiumque Minervae / et Surrentino generosos palmite colles

Translation by Frank Justus Miller
Thence he skirted Capreae, Minerva's promontory, and the hills of Surrentum rich in vines


Mosella

la-proper noun

Mosella m sg or f sg (genitive Mosellae); first declension

Mosellae (genitive)
Mosella (nominative singular)
Mosellae (genitive singular)
Mosellae (dative singular)
Mosellam (accusative singular)
Mosellā (ablative singular)
Mosella (singular vocative)
Mosellae (locative singular)

Catalan: Mosel·la

French: Moselle

English: Moselle

Old High German: Muosela

Luxembourgish: Musel

Dutch: Moezel

Italian: Mosella

Portuguese: Mosella

Spanish: Mosela

[mɔˈs̠ɛlːʲä]

A diminutive form of Mosa, meaning "little Meuse".


Nelia

Nēlia f sg (genitive Nēliae); first declension

Nēlia (canonical feminine singular)
Nēliae (genitive)
Nēlia (nominative singular)
Nēliae (genitive singular)
Nēliae (dative singular)
Nēliam (accusative singular)
Nēliā (ablative singular)
Nēlia (singular vocative)
Nēliae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Νήλεια (Nḗleia).


Ephesus

Ephesus f sg (genitive Ephesī); second declension

Ephesī (genitive)
Ephesus (nominative singular)
Ephesī (genitive singular)
Ephesō (dative singular)
Ephesum (accusative singular)
Ephesō (ablative singular)
Ephese (singular vocative)
Ephesī (locative singular)

Catalan: Efes

French: Éphèse

Italian: Efeso

Portuguese: Éfeso

Romanian: Efes

Spanish: Éfeso

[ˈɛpʰɛs̠ʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἔφεσος (Éphesos).

Ephesus (an ancient city in Anatolia, in modern Turkey)


Ottavia

Ottavia f sg (genitive Ottaviae); first declension

Ottaviae (genitive)
Ottavia (nominative singular)
Ottaviae (genitive singular)
Ottaviae (dative singular)
Ottaviam (accusative singular)
Ottaviā (ablative singular)
Ottavia (singular vocative)
Ottaviae (locative singular)

[ɔt̪ˈt̪äu̯iä]


Suetia

Suetia f sg (genitive Suetiae); first declension

Suetiae (genitive)
Suetia (nominative singular)
Suetiae (genitive singular)
Suetiae (dative singular)
Suetiam (accusative singular)
Suetiā (ablative singular)
Suetia (singular vocative)


Svecia

Svecia f sg (genitive Sveciae); first declension

Sveciae (genitive)
Svecia (nominative singular)
Sveciae (genitive singular)
Sveciae (dative singular)
Sveciam (accusative singular)
Sveciā (ablative singular)
Svecia (singular vocative)

[ˈswɛːt͡ʃiä]


Erymanthus

Erymanthus m sg (genitive Erymanthī); second declension

Erymanthī (genitive)
Erymanthus (nominative singular)
Erymanthī (genitive singular)
Erymanthō (dative singular)
Erymanthum (accusative singular)
Erymanthō (ablative singular)
Erymanthe (singular vocative)

[ɛrʏˈmän̪t̪ʰʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐρῠ́μανθος (Erŭ́manthos).


Megalopolis

Megalopolis f sg (genitive Megalopolis); third declension

Megalopolis (genitive)
Megalopolis (nominative singular)
Megalopolis (genitive singular)
Megalopolī (dative singular)
Megalopolim (accusative singular)
Megalopolin (accusative singular)
Megalopolī (ablative singular)
Megalopolis (singular vocative)
Megalopolī (singular vocative)
Megalopolī (locative singular)

[mɛɡäˈɫ̪ɔpɔlʲɪs̠]

From the Ancient Greek Μεγᾰλόπολῐς (Megălópolĭs).


Avernus

Avernus m sg (genitive Avernī); second declension

Avernī (genitive)
Avernus (nominative singular)
Avernī (genitive singular)
Avernō (dative singular)
Avernum (accusative singular)
Avernō (ablative singular)
Averne (singular vocative)
Avernī (locative singular)

Catalan: avern

English: Avernus

Galician: averno

Italian: Averno

Portuguese: averno

Spanish: averno

Ancient Greek ἄορνος (áornos), ἄϝορνος (áwornos, “birdless”), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”). The lack of birds was likely due to fatal gases like carbon dioxide seeping from the volcanically active lake.


Phrygia

Phrygia f sg (genitive Phrygiae); first declension

Phrygiae (genitive)
Phrygia (nominative singular)
Phrygiae (genitive singular)
Phrygiae (dative singular)
Phrygiam (accusative singular)
Phrygiā (ablative singular)
Phrygia (singular vocative)
Phrygiae (locative singular)

Catalan: Frígia

Galician: Frixia

Italian: Frigia

Portuguese: Frígia

Spanish: Frigia


Aetolia

Aetōlia f sg (genitive Aetōliae); first declension

Aetōlia (canonical feminine singular)
Aetōliae (genitive)
Aetōlia (nominative singular)
Aetōliae (genitive singular)
Aetōliae (dative singular)
Aetōliam (accusative singular)
Aetōliā (ablative singular)
Aetōlia (singular vocative)

[äe̯ˈt̪oːlʲiä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Αἰτωλία (Aitōlía).

Aetolia (A mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania)


Monachium

Monachium n sg (genitive Monachiī or Monachī); second declension

Monachiī (genitive)
Monachī (genitive)
Monachium (nominative singular)
Monachiī (genitive singular)
Monachī (genitive singular)
Monachiō (dative singular)
Monachium (accusative singular)
Monachiō (ablative singular)
Monachium (singular vocative)
Monachiī (locative singular)

[mɔˈnäkʰiʊ̃ˑ]


Araxes

Araxēs m sg (genitive Araxis); third declension

Araxēs (canonical masculine singular)
Araxis (genitive)
Araxēs (nominative singular)
Araxis (genitive singular)
Araxī (dative singular)
Araxem (accusative singular)
Araxe (ablative singular)
Araxēs (singular vocative)
Araxī (locative singular)
Araxe (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀράξης (Aráxēs).

A large river in Armenia, now the river Araks


Alasca

Alasca f sg (genitive Alascae); first declension

Alascae (genitive)
Alasca (nominative singular)
Alascae (genitive singular)
Alascae (dative singular)
Alascam (accusative singular)
Alascā (ablative singular)
Alasca (singular vocative)


pulvinus

la-noun

pulvīnus m (genitive pulvīnī); second declension

pulvīnus (canonical masculine)
pulvīnī (genitive)
pulvīnus (nominative singular)
pulvīnī (nominative plural)
pulvīnī (genitive singular)
pulvīnōrum (genitive plural)
pulvīnō (dative singular)
pulvīnīs (dative plural)
pulvīnum (accusative singular)
pulvīnōs (accusative plural)
pulvīnō (ablative singular)
pulvīnīs (ablative plural)
pulvīne (singular vocative)
pulvīnī (plural vocative)

Italian: pulvino

Old Leonese:

Asturian: povin

→ English: pulvinus (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *pulwī (see there for further descendants)

[pʊɫ̪ˈu̯iːnʊs̠]

From pulvis (“dust, powder”) + -nus, for the filler of a pillow.

bank, an elevated piece of arable land; a raised bed


Palmaria

la-proper noun

Palmāria f sg (genitive Palmāriae); first declension

Palmāria (canonical feminine singular)
Palmāriae (genitive)
Palmāria (nominative singular)
Palmāriae (genitive singular)
Palmāriae (dative singular)
Palmāriam (accusative singular)
Palmāriā (ablative singular)
Palmāria (singular vocative)

[päɫ̪ˈmäːriä]

Elliptic form of Īnsula Palmāria (literally “isle of palms”).

A small island in the Tyrrhenian Sea, now called Palmarola


Tempe

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τέμπη (Témpē).

A valley in Thessaly, modern Greece, through which ran the river Peneus


Belorussia

Belorussia f sg (genitive Belorussiae); first declension

Belorussiae (genitive)
Belorussia (nominative singular)
Belorussiae (genitive singular)
Belorussiae (dative singular)
Belorussiam (accusative singular)
Belorussiā (ablative singular)
Belorussia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Belarus (a country in Eastern Europe)


Karthago

Karthāgō f sg (genitive Karthāginis); third declension

Karthāgō (canonical feminine singular)
Karthāginis (genitive)
Karthāgō (nominative singular)
Karthāginis (genitive singular)
Karthāginī (dative singular)
Karthāginem (accusative singular)
Karthāgine (ablative singular)
Karthāgō (singular vocative)
Karthāginī (locative singular)
Karthāgine (locative singular)

[kärˈt̪ʰäːɡoː]

[kärˈt̪äːɡo]

From Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt, “New City”).

der

Urbs antīqua fuit (Tyriī tenuēre colōnī):
Karthāgō, Ītaliam contrā Tiberīnaque longē

There was an ancient city (Tyrian colonists held [it]):
Carthage, opposite Italy and far from the Tiber River’s
mouth, rich in wealth and ruthless in the pursuits of war.
(Note that this use of “tenuere” is a syncopated or abbreviated form of the verb “tenuerunt.” See: Carthage; Tyre, Lebanon.)

ōstia, dīves opum studiīsque asperrima bellī.

(Classical Latin) Alternative spelling of Carthāgō


Megara

la-proper noun

Megara f sg (genitive Megarae); first declension

Megara n pl (genitive Megarōrum); second declension

Megarae (genitive)
Megarōrum (genitive)
Megara (nominative singular)
Megarae (genitive singular)
Megarae (dative singular)
Megaram (accusative singular)
Megarā (ablative singular)
Megara (singular vocative)
Megarae (locative singular)
Megara (nominative plural)
Megarōrum (genitive plural)
Megarīs (dative plural)
Megara (accusative plural)
Megarīs (ablative plural)
Megara (plural vocative)
Megarīs (locative plural)
First-declension noun
with locative
singular only.
Second-declension noun (neuter)
plural only.

English: Megara

French: Mégara, Mégare

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μέγαρα (Mégara).

The capital city of Megaris and birthplace of Euclid


Tanagra

Tānagra f sg (genitive Tānagrae); first declension

Tānagra (canonical feminine singular)
Tānagrae (genitive)
Tānagra (nominative singular)
Tānagrae (genitive singular)
Tānagrae (dative singular)
Tānagram (accusative singular)
Tānagrā (ablative singular)
Tānagra (singular vocative)
Tānagrae (locative singular)

[ˈt̪äːnäɡrä]

[ˈt̪äːnäɡrä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τάναγρα (Tánagra).

A town of Boeotia situated on a fertile plain upon the left bank of the Asopus


Orchomenus

Orchomenus m sg (genitive Orchomenī); second declension

Orchomenī (genitive)
Orchomenus (nominative singular)
Orchomenī (genitive singular)
Orchomenō (dative singular)
Orchomenum (accusative singular)
Orchomenō (ablative singular)
Orchomene (singular vocative)
Orchomenī (locative singular)

[ɔrˈkʰɔmɛnʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀρχομενός (Orkhomenós).


Alander

Alander m sg (genitive Alandrī); second declension

Alandrī (genitive)
Alander (nominative singular)
Alandrī (genitive singular)
Alandrō (dative singular)
Alandrum (accusative singular)
Alandrō (ablative singular)
Alander (singular vocative)

[äˈɫ̪än̪d̪ɛr]


Thessalonica

Thessalonīca f sg (genitive Thessalonīcae); first declension

Thessalonīca (canonical feminine singular)
Thessalonīcae (genitive)
Thessalonīca (nominative singular)
Thessalonīcae (genitive singular)
Thessalonīcae (dative singular)
Thessalonīcam (accusative singular)
Thessalonīcā (ablative singular)
Thessalonīca (singular vocative)
Thessalonīcae (locative singular)

[t̪ʰɛs̠ːäɫ̪ɔˈniːkä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη (Thessălonī́kē).

der

Θεσσᾰλονῑ́κη


portus

la-noun

portus m (genitive portūs); fourth declension

portūs (genitive)
portus (nominative singular)
portūs (nominative plural)
portūs (genitive singular)
portuum (genitive plural)
portuī (dative singular)
portibus (dative plural)
portum (accusative singular)
portūs (accusative plural)
portū (ablative singular)
portibus (ablative plural)
portus (singular vocative)
portūs (plural vocative)

Corsican: portu

Gallurese: poltu

desctree

Italian: porto
→ Romanian: port
→⇒ Slavomolisano: lupuort

Neapolitan: puorto

Old Leonese:

desc

Asturian: puertu, puerto, puirtu, puorto, puörtu, porto, portu

Old Occitan: port

Catalan: port

Occitan: pòrt

Old Galician-Portuguese: porto

Galician: porto

Portuguese: porto

Old Spanish: puerto

Spanish: puerto

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: puart

Ladin: port

Romansch: port

Sardinian: poltu, portu

Sicilian: portu

Venetan: porto

→ Proto-Brythonic: *porθ (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old French: port
French: port
→ Romanian: port
Norman: port
→ Middle High German: port
German: Port
→ Russian: порт (port)

→ Faroese: portur

→ Proto-West Germanic: *port (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Irish: port (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Polish: port (learned)
Polish: port
→ Kashubian: pòrt

From Proto-Italic *portus, from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”). Cognates include Northern Kurdish pir (“bridge”), Russian пере́ть (perétʹ, “push forward”), Old Norse fjǫrðr (“firth, fjord”) and Old English ford (English ford). See also porta.


Sais

la-proper noun

Sais f sg (genitive Sais); third declension

Sais (genitive)
Sais (nominative singular)
Sais (genitive singular)
Saī (dative singular)
Saim (accusative singular)
Sae (ablative singular)
Sais (singular vocative)
Saī (locative singular)
Sae (locative singular)


Varsovia

Varsovia f sg (genitive Varsoviae); first declension

Varsoviae (genitive)
Varsovia (nominative singular)
Varsoviae (genitive singular)
Varsoviae (dative singular)
Varsoviam (accusative singular)
Varsoviā (ablative singular)
Varsovia (singular vocative)
Varsoviae (locative singular)

Catalan: Varsòvia

French: Varsovie

Galician: Varsovia

Italian: Varsavia

Portuguese: Varsóvia

Romanian: Varșovia

Spanish: Varsovia


Flandria

Flandria f sg (genitive Flandriae); first declension

Flandriae (genitive)
Flandria (nominative singular)
Flandriae (genitive singular)
Flandriae (dative singular)
Flandriam (accusative singular)
Flandriā (ablative singular)
Flandria (singular vocative)

→ Serbo-Croatian: Фла̀ндрија/Flàndrija

Flanders (a historical region of Western Europe)

Flanders, Flanders (a historical county of Western Europe, of varying extent)

Flanders (two provinces of Belgium, West Flanders and East Flanders)


Frisia

Frīsia f sg (genitive Frīsiae); first declension

Frīsia (canonical feminine singular)
Frīsiae (genitive)
Frīsia (nominative singular)
Frīsiae (genitive singular)
Frīsiae (dative singular)
Frīsiam (accusative singular)
Frīsiā (ablative singular)
Frīsia (singular vocative)

Catalan: Frísia

French: Frise

Italian: Frisia

Portuguese: Frísia

Spanish: Frisia

Friesland (a region of Western Europe, straddling the Netherlands and Germany)


pontus

la-noun

pontus m (genitive pontī); second declension

pontī (genitive)
pontus (nominative singular)
pontī (nominative plural)
pontī (genitive singular)
pontōrum (genitive plural)
pontō (dative singular)
pontīs (dative plural)
pontum (accusative singular)
pontōs (accusative plural)
pontō (ablative singular)
pontīs (ablative plural)
ponte (singular vocative)
pontī (plural vocative)

Spanish: ponto

[ˈpɔn̪t̪ʊs̠]

Pontus Euxinus

Intereā magnō miscērī murmure pontum,
ēmissamque hiemem sēnsit Neptūnus, et īmīs
stāgna refūsa vadīs, graviter commōtus; ….
Meanwhile, that with a mighty roar the sea was being intermixed, and that a storm had been sent forth – Neptune felt [it] – and that stillwaters from the deepest sea-bottoms had been thrown upwards – [the god was now] seriously concerned.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.124–126

(Neptune (mythology) had given no assent to this disturbance of his kingdom.)


Samara

la-proper noun

Samara f sg (genitive Samarae); first declension

Samarae (genitive)
Samara (nominative singular)
Samarae (genitive singular)
Samarae (dative singular)
Samaram (accusative singular)
Samarā (ablative singular)
Samara (singular vocative)


Pharsalus

Pharsālus m sg (genitive Pharsālī); second declension

Pharsālus (canonical masculine singular)
Pharsālī (genitive)
Pharsālus (nominative singular)
Pharsālī (genitive singular)
Pharsālō (dative singular)
Pharsālum (accusative singular)
Pharsālō (ablative singular)
Pharsāle (singular vocative)
Pharsālī (locative singular)

[pʰärˈs̠äːɫ̪ʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φάρσαλος (Phársalos).

a city of Thessaly where Caesar defeated Pompey


Burgundia

Burgundia f sg (genitive Burgundiae); first declension

Burgundiae (genitive)
Burgundia (nominative singular)
Burgundiae (genitive singular)
Burgundiae (dative singular)
Burgundiam (accusative singular)
Burgundiā (ablative singular)
Burgundia (singular vocative)

→ English: Burgundy

→ Spanish: Burgundia

[bʊrˈɡʊn̪d̪iä]

From Late Latin Burgundiones (“highlanders”), from Proto-Germanic *Burgundī, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰonts (“high, mighty”).

der

(historical, Medieval Latin) Burgundy (a region, historical duchy, and medieval kingdom in France)


Cracovia

la-proper noun

Cracōvia f sg (genitive Cracōviae); first declension

Cracōvia (canonical feminine singular)
Cracōviae (genitive)
Cracōvia (nominative singular)
Cracōviae (genitive singular)
Cracōviae (dative singular)
Cracōviam (accusative singular)
Cracōviā (ablative singular)
Cracōvia (singular vocative)
Cracōviae (locative singular)


amnis

la-noun

amnis m (genitive amnis); third declension

amnis (genitive)
amnis (nominative singular)
amnēs (nominative plural)
amnis (genitive singular)
amnium (genitive plural)
amnī (dative singular)
amnibus (dative plural)
amnem (accusative singular)
amnēs (accusative plural)
amnīs (accusative plural)
amne (ablative singular)
amnī (ablative singular)
amnibus (ablative plural)
amnis (singular vocative)
amnēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ebʰ-n- (“river”), from the root *h₂ebʰ-, *h₂ep- (“water”). Compare Old Irish aub (“river”), Albanian amë (“river”).

… ruunt dē montibus amnēs.

[Heavy rain falls:] Torrents rush down the mountains.

Broad, deep flowing, rapid water; stream, torrent, river; ocean; liquid; current.

(figuratively, of a writer) The flowing, flow or pouring out of a piece of writing.


Savo

la-proper noun

Savō f sg (genitive Savōnis); third declension

Savō (canonical feminine singular)
Savōnis (genitive)
Savō (nominative singular)
Savōnis (genitive singular)
Savōnī (dative singular)
Savōnem (accusative singular)
Savōne (ablative singular)
Savō (singular vocative)
Savōnī (locative singular)
Savōne (locative singular)

Probably related to the name of the river (see Etymology 2 below).


Savo

Sāvō f sg (genitive Sāvōnis); third declension

Sāvō (canonical feminine singular)
Sāvōnis (genitive)
Sāvō (nominative singular)
Sāvōnis (genitive singular)
Sāvōnī (dative singular)
Sāvōnem (accusative singular)
Sāvōne (ablative singular)
Sāvō (singular vocative)


Bithynia

Bīthȳnia f sg (genitive Bīthȳniae); first declension

Bīthȳnia (canonical feminine singular)
Bīthȳniae (genitive)
Bīthȳnia (nominative singular)
Bīthȳniae (genitive singular)
Bīthȳniae (dative singular)
Bīthȳniam (accusative singular)
Bīthȳniā (ablative singular)
Bīthȳnia (singular vocative)
Bīthȳniae (locative singular)

English: Bithynia

Polish: Bitynia

From the Ancient Greek Βῑθῡνῐ́ᾱ (Bīthūnĭ́ā).

(historical) Bithynia (a region, ancient kingdom, and historical province of the Roman Empire, in the northwest of Asia Minor in modern Turkey)


Lycia

Lycia f sg (genitive Lyciae); first declension

Lyciae (genitive)
Lycia (nominative singular)
Lyciae (genitive singular)
Lyciae (dative singular)
Lyciam (accusative singular)
Lyciā (ablative singular)
Lycia (singular vocative)
Lyciae (locative singular)

Lycia (region in Asia Minor, first a country and then a Roman province)


Atropatene

Ātropatēnē f sg (genitive Ātropatēnēs); first declension

Ātropatēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Ātropatēnēs (genitive)
Ātropatēnē (nominative singular)
Ātropatēnēs (genitive singular)
Ātropatēnae (dative singular)
Ātropatēnēn (accusative singular)
Ātropatēnē (ablative singular)
Ātropatēnē (singular vocative)
Ātropatēnae (locative singular)

[äːt̪rɔpäˈt̪eːneː]


Caria

Cāria f sg (genitive Cāriae); first declension

Cāria (canonical feminine singular)
Cāriae (genitive)
Cāria (nominative singular)
Cāriae (genitive singular)
Cāriae (dative singular)
Cāriam (accusative singular)
Cāriā (ablative singular)
Cāria (singular vocative)


Pisidia

Pīsīdia f sg (genitive Pīsīdiae); first declension

Pīsīdia (canonical feminine singular)
Pīsīdiae (genitive)
Pīsīdia (nominative singular)
Pīsīdiae (genitive singular)
Pīsīdiae (dative singular)
Pīsīdiam (accusative singular)
Pīsīdiā (ablative singular)
Pīsīdia (singular vocative)


Pamphylia

Pamphȳlia f sg (genitive Pamphȳliae); first declension

Pamphȳlia (canonical feminine singular)
Pamphȳliae (genitive)
Pamphȳlia (nominative singular)
Pamphȳliae (genitive singular)
Pamphȳliae (dative singular)
Pamphȳliam (accusative singular)
Pamphȳliā (ablative singular)
Pamphȳlia (singular vocative)
Pamphȳliae (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Παμφυλία (Pamphulía).

Pamphylia (region in Asia Minor, first a country and then part of a Roman province)


Servia

Servia f sg (genitive Serviae); first declension

Serviae (genitive)
Servia (nominative singular)
Serviae (genitive singular)
Serviae (dative singular)
Serviam (accusative singular)
Serviā (ablative singular)
Servia (singular vocative)

In nona Tabula[:] Iaziges metanastae[,] Dacia Vulachia[,] Mysia superior: Seruia[,] Mysia inferior Bosna[,] Tratia[,] Chersonesus.

1511, Bernardus Sylvanus ed., Jacobus Angelus's translation of Ptolemy as Liber Geographica, Bk VIII

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


Mimas

Mimās m sg (genitive Mimāntis); third declension

Mimās (canonical masculine singular)
Mimāntis (genitive)
Mimās (nominative singular)
Mimāntis (genitive singular)
Mimāntī (dative singular)
Mimāntem (accusative singular)
Mimānte (ablative singular)
Mimās (singular vocative)


rivus

la-noun

rīvus m (genitive rīvī); second declension

rīvus (canonical masculine)
rīvī (genitive)
rīvus (nominative singular)
rīvī (nominative plural)
rīvī (genitive singular)
rīvōrum (genitive plural)
rīvō (dative singular)
rīvīs (dative plural)
rīvum (accusative singular)
rīvōs (accusative plural)
rīvō (ablative singular)
rīvīs (ablative plural)
rīve (singular vocative)
rīvī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: arãu, rãu

Romanian: râu

Italo-Romance:

Italian: rio, rivo

Neapolitan: rijo

Sicilian: rìu, rivu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: arriu, ribu

North Italian:

Venetan: rio

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: riu

Franco-Provençal: rio

French: ru

Gascon: arriu

Occitan: riu

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: río

Old Leonese:

Asturian: ríu

Extremaduran: riu

Leonese: ríu

Mirandese: riu

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: rio
Fala: ríu
Galician: río
Portuguese: rio
Guinea-Bissau Creole: riu
→ Hunsrik: Rio

Old Spanish:

Ladino: rio

Spanish: río

Papiamentu: riu

Vulgar Latin: *rīvusculus (see there for further descendants)

From Old Latin rivos, from Proto-Italic *rīwos (“stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃riH-wó-s (“whirling”), from *h₃reyH- (“to stream, churn”).


Turcia

la-proper noun

Turcia f sg (genitive Turciae); first declension

Turciae (genitive)
Turcia (nominative singular)
Turciae (genitive singular)
Turciae (dative singular)
Turciam (accusative singular)
Turciā (ablative singular)
Turcia (singular vocative)
Turciae (locative singular)

→ Aragonese: Turquía

→ Aromanian: Turchia

→ Basque: Turkia

→ Breton: Turkia

→ Catalan: Turquia

→ French: Turquie

→ Galician: Turquía

→ German: Türkei

→ Irish: Tuirc

→ Istriot: Turcheîa

→ Italian: Turchia

→ Norman: Turtchie, Turquie, Turqùie

→ Portuguese: Turquia

→ Romanian: Turcia

desc

→ Romansch: Tirchia, Terchia, Tertgia, Tertgeia, Türchia

→ Sicilian: Turchìa

→ Spanish: Turquía
→ Tagalog: Turkiya

From Byzantine Greek Τουρκίᾱ (Tourkíā, “Turkey”), itself being Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos) (borrowed into Latin as Turcus (“A Turk, Turkish”), see there for further etymology) with suffix -ίᾱ (-íā).

bor

(New Latin) Turkey (a country located in eastern Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia)


Achates

la-proper noun

Achātēs m sg (genitive Achātae); first declension

Achātēs (canonical masculine singular)
Achātae (genitive)
Achātēs (nominative singular)
Achātae (genitive singular)
Achātae (dative singular)
Achātēn (accusative singular)
Achātē (ablative singular)
Achātē (singular vocative)

[ˈäkʰät̪eːs̠]

A river in Sicily, known as the place where agates were found, now the river Dirillo


Abia

Abia f sg (genitive Abiae); first declension

Abiae (genitive)
Abia (nominative singular)
Abiae (genitive singular)
Abiae (dative singular)
Abiam (accusative singular)
Abiā (ablative singular)
Abia (singular vocative)
Abiae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀβία (Abía).

a town of Messenia situated near the borders with Laconia


Pele

Pēlē f sg (genitive Pēlēs); first declension

Pēlē (canonical feminine singular)
Pēlēs (genitive)
Pēlē (nominative singular)
Pēlēs (genitive singular)
Pēlae (dative singular)
Pēlēn (accusative singular)
Pēlē (ablative singular)
Pēlē (singular vocative)


Cyrene

Cȳrēnē f sg (genitive Cȳrēnēs); first declension

Cȳrēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Cȳrēnēs (genitive)
Cȳrēnē (nominative singular)
Cȳrēnēs (genitive singular)
Cȳrēnae (dative singular)
Cȳrēnēn (accusative singular)
Cȳrēnē (ablative singular)
Cȳrēnē (singular vocative)
Cȳrēnae (locative singular)

English: Cyrene

Portuguese: Cirena

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κῡρήνη (Kūrḗnē).


Mazaca

Māzaca n pl (genitive Māzacōrum); second declension

Māzaca (canonical neuter plural)
Māzacōrum (genitive)
Māzaca (nominative plural)
Māzacōrum (genitive plural)
Māzacīs (dative plural)
Māzaca (accusative plural)
Māzacīs (ablative plural)
Māzaca (plural vocative)
Māzacīs (locative plural)

[ˈmäːz̪d̪͡z̪äkä]

[ˈmäd̪ː͡z̪äkä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μάζακα (Mázaka).

Mazaca (the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Cappadocia in Asia Minor, in modern Turkey; modern Kayseri)


Nisibis

Nisibis f sg (genitive Nisibis); third declension

Nisibis (genitive)
Nisibis (nominative singular)
Nisibis (genitive singular)
Nisibī (dative singular)
Nisibem (accusative singular)
Nisibe (ablative singular)
Nisibis (singular vocative)
Nisibī (locative singular)
Nisibe (locative singular)

[ˈnɪs̠ɪbɪs̠]


Osroene

Osroēnē f sg (genitive Osroēnēs); first declension

Osroēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Osroēnēs (genitive)
Osroēnē (nominative singular)
Osroēnēs (genitive singular)
Osroēnae (dative singular)
Osroēnēn (accusative singular)
Osroēnē (ablative singular)
Osroēnē (singular vocative)

(historical) Osroene (An ancient Syriac kingdom, Roman province and historical region in northwestern Mesopotamia in modern Turkey and Syria, which enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 B.C.E. to 244 C.E.)


Caesarea

Caesarēa f sg (genitive Caesarēae); first declension

Caesarēa (canonical feminine singular)
Caesarēae (genitive)
Caesarēa (nominative singular)
Caesarēae (genitive singular)
Caesarēae (dative singular)
Caesarēam (accusative singular)
Caesarēā (ablative singular)
Caesarēa (singular vocative)
Caesarēae (locative singular)

→ Catalan: Cesarea

→ English: Caesarea

→ French: Césarée

→ Italian: Cesarea

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Καισάρεια (Kaisáreia) (calque)

→ Arabic: قَيْسارِيّة (qaysāriyya)

→ Turkish: Kayserya

→ Old Armenian: Կեսարիա (Kesaria)

Armenian: Կեսարիա (Kesaria)

Greek: Καισάρεια (Kaisáreia)

→ Hebrew: קֵיסָרְיָה (Keysaryá)

→ Turkish: Kayseri

→ Russian: Кесари́я (Kesaríja)

Old Galician-Portuguese: Cesaira

→ Polish: Cezarea

→ Portuguese: Cesareia

→ Spanish: Cesarea

[käe̯s̠äˈreːä]

[t͡ʃes̬äˈrɛːä]

From Caesar + -ēa, on the pattern of Alexandrēa and similar. In sense 2, by phono-semantic matching of English Jersey.

phono-semantic matching

Caesarea Maritima
Caesarea Maritima#English

Name of numerous cities and locations in the Roman Empire, among which are:

Caesarea Maritima (an ancient city in modern Israel; modern Caesarea)

Caesarea in Cappadocia
Caesarea in Cappadocia#English

Caesarea in Cappadocia (an ancient city in Cappadocia, in modern Turkey; modern Kayseri)

Caesarea in Mauretania
Caesarea in Mauretania#English

Caesarea in Mauretania (the ancient capital of the polities of Numidia and Mauretania, in modern Algeria; modern Cherchell)

(New Latin) Jersey (an island and dependency of the United Kingdom)


Sila

la-proper noun

Sīla f sg (genitive Sīlae); first declension

Sīla (canonical feminine singular)
Sīlae (genitive)
Sīla (nominative singular)
Sīlae (genitive singular)
Sīlae (dative singular)
Sīlam (accusative singular)
Sīlā (ablative singular)
Sīla (singular vocative)

A forest in southern Bruttium, modern Calabria, Italy, that provided pitch and timber


Sabora

Sabora f sg (genitive Saborae); first declension

Saborae (genitive)
Sabora (nominative singular)
Saborae (genitive singular)
Saborae (dative singular)
Saboram (accusative singular)
Saborā (ablative singular)
Sabora (singular vocative)
Saborae (locative singular)

Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica#English


Gogarene

Gōgarēnē f sg (genitive Gōgarēnēs); first declension

Gōgarēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Gōgarēnēs (genitive)

[ɡoːɡäˈreːneː]

[ɡoɡäˈrɛːne]

Gogarene (The Greek and Roman name of Gugark, a historical province of the ancient kingdom of Armenia, in modern northern Armenia, northeast Turkey and southwest Georgia)


Moxoene

Moxoēnē f sg (genitive Moxoēnēs); first declension

Moxoēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Moxoēnēs (genitive)
Moxoēnē (nominative singular)
Moxoēnēs (genitive singular)
Moxoēnae (dative singular)
Moxoēnēn (accusative singular)
Moxoēnē (ablative singular)
Moxoēnē (singular vocative)

(historical) Moxoene (a historical province of the Kingdom of Greater Armenia, one of 15, in the modern province of Van, Turkey)


Aquitania

Aquītānia f sg (genitive Aquītāniae); first declension

Aquītānia (canonical feminine singular)
Aquītāniae (genitive)
Aquītānia (nominative singular)
Aquītāniae (genitive singular)
Aquītāniae (dative singular)
Aquītāniam (accusative singular)
Aquītāniā (ablative singular)
Aquītānia (singular vocative)

→ Catalan: Aquitània

desctree

→ French: Aquitaine
→ English: Aquitaine

→ German: Aquitanien

Occitan: Guiana, → Aquitània

Old French: Aguyenne, Guyenne, Guienne

French: Guyenne, Guienne (obsolete)
→ English: Guyenne

→ Portuguese: Aquitânia (learned)

→ Spanish: Aquitania

[äkʷiːˈt̪äːniä]

Probably from aqua (“water”), as in nearby provinces Aquae Tarbellicae or Aquae Augustae or the dative plural aquis, + -ania.


Ctesiphon

la-proper noun

Ctēsiphōn f sg (genitive Ctēsiphōntis); third declension

Ctēsiphōn (canonical feminine singular)
Ctēsiphōntis (genitive)
Ctēsiphōn (nominative singular)
Ctēsiphōntis (genitive singular)
Ctēsiphōntī (dative singular)
Ctēsiphōntem (accusative singular)
Ctēsiphōnte (ablative singular)
Ctēsiphōn (singular vocative)
Ctēsiphōntī (locative singular)
Ctēsiphōnte (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Κτησιφῶν (Ktēsiphôn). In Old Latin, it was declined as Ctēsiphōn, Ctēsiphōnis.

Ctesiphon (the ancient capital of Parthia, in modern Iraq)


Slovacia

Slovācia f sg (genitive Slovāciae); first declension

Slovācia (canonical feminine singular)
Slovāciae (genitive)
Slovācia (nominative singular)
Slovāciae (genitive singular)
Slovāciae (dative singular)
Slovāciam (accusative singular)
Slovāciā (ablative singular)
Slovācia (singular vocative)

[s̠ɫ̪oˈu̯äkiä]


Capsa

Capsa f sg (genitive Capsae); first declension

Capsae (genitive)
Capsa (nominative singular)
Capsae (genitive singular)
Capsae (dative singular)
Capsam (accusative singular)
Capsā (ablative singular)
Capsa (singular vocative)
Capsae (locative singular)

English: Capsian, Capsitan

French: capsien

Arabic: قَفْصَة (qafṣa)

English: Gafsa

An Ancient town in North Africa, succeeded by the southern Tunisian oasis city Gafsa

The Latin name of a Roman Catholic titular see


Oxus

Ōxus m sg (genitive Ōxī); second declension

Ōxus (canonical masculine singular)
Ōxī (genitive)
Ōxus (nominative singular)
Ōxī (genitive singular)
Ōxō (dative singular)
Ōxum (accusative singular)
Ōxō (ablative singular)
Ōxe (singular vocative)
Ōxī (locative singular)


Ecbatana

Ecbatana n pl (genitive Ecbatanōrum); second declension

Ecbatanōrum (genitive)
Ecbatana (nominative plural)
Ecbatanōrum (genitive plural)
Ecbatanīs (dative plural)
Ecbatana (accusative plural)
Ecbatanīs (ablative plural)
Ecbatana (plural vocative)
Ecbatanīs (locative plural)

[ɛɡˈbät̪änä]

From Ancient Greek Ἐκβάτανα (Ekbátana), itself from Old Persian 𐏃𐎥𐎶𐎫𐎠𐎴 (Ha(n)gmatāna).

Ecbatana (the ancient capital of Media, in modern-day Iran)


Phasis

Phāsis m sg (genitive Phāsis or Phāsidis or Phāsidos); third declension

Phāsis (canonical masculine singular)
Phāsis (genitive)
Phāsidis (genitive)
Phāsidos (genitive)

[ˈpʰäːs̠ɪs̠]

An important river of Colchis, now called Rioni


lingula

la-noun

lingula f (genitive lingulae); first declension

lingulae (genitive)
lingula (nominative singular)
lingulae (nominative plural)
lingulae (genitive singular)
lingulārum (genitive plural)
lingulae (dative singular)
lingulīs (dative plural)
lingulam (accusative singular)
lingulās (accusative plural)
lingulā (ablative singular)
lingulīs (ablative plural)
lingula (singular vocative)
lingulae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: lingurã

Romanian: lingură

→ English: lingula

→ Italian: lingula

[ˈlʲɪŋɡʊɫ̪ä]

From lingua (“tongue”) + -ula (“-ule: forming diminutives”), possibly influenced by lingō (“I lick”).

suffix

diminutive of lingua, tongue, tonguelet, used particularly for

lower arm, the shorter end of a lever, opposite the fulcrum from the user


Nicaea

la-proper noun

Nīcaea f sg (genitive Nīcaeae); first declension

Nīcaea (canonical feminine singular)
Nīcaeae (genitive)
Nīcaea (nominative singular)
Nīcaeae (genitive singular)
Nīcaeae (dative singular)
Nīcaeam (accusative singular)
Nīcaeā (ablative singular)
Nīcaea (singular vocative)
Nīcaeae (locative singular)

Nicaea, Hellenic city in northwestern Anatolia


Calydon

Calydōn m sg (genitive Calydōnis); third declension

Calydōn (canonical masculine singular)
Calydōnis (genitive)
Calydōn (nominative singular)
Calydōnis (genitive singular)
Calydōnī (dative singular)
Calydōnem (accusative singular)
Calydōne (ablative singular)
Calydōn (singular vocative)
Calydōnī (locative singular)
Calydōne (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Καλυδών (Kaludṓn).

The most celebrated city of Aetolia, situated in a fertile plain near the river Evenus


Helvetia

Helvētia f sg (genitive Helvētiae); first declension

Helvētia (canonical feminine singular)
Helvētiae (genitive)
Helvētia (nominative singular)
Helvētiae (genitive singular)
Helvētiae (dative singular)
Helvētiam (accusative singular)
Helvētiā (ablative singular)
Helvētia (singular vocative)
Helvētiae (locative singular)

→ Armenian: Հելվեցիա (Helvecʻia)

→ English: Helvetia

→ French: Helvétie

desctree

→ Greek: Ελβετία (Elvetía)
→ Romanian: Elveția

→ Irish: Eilvéis

→ Italian: Elvezia

→ Manx: Elveeish

→ Scottish Gaelic: Eilbheis

[hɛɫ̪ˈu̯eːt̪iä]

(New Latin) Switzerland (a country in Central Europe)


Meacum

la-proper noun

Meacum n sg (genitive Meacī); second declension

Meacī (genitive)
Meacum (nominative singular)
Meacī (genitive singular)
Meacō (dative singular)
Meacum (accusative singular)
Meacō (ablative singular)
Meacum (singular vocative)
Meacī (locative singular)

Meaco (the medieval name of Kyoto, the modern capital of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


Panticapaeum

Panticapaeum n sg (genitive Panticapaeī); second declension

Panticapaeī (genitive)
Panticapaeum (nominative singular)
Panticapaeī (genitive singular)
Panticapaeō (dative singular)
Panticapaeum (accusative singular)
Panticapaeō (ablative singular)
Panticapaeum (singular vocative)
Panticapaeī (locative singular)

[pän̪t̪ɪkäˈpäe̯ʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek Παντικάπαιον (Pantikápaion).

bor

Παντικάπαιον


cataracta

la-noun

cataracta f (genitive cataractae); first declension

cataractae (genitive)
cataracta (nominative singular)
cataractae (nominative plural)
cataractae (genitive singular)
cataractārum (genitive plural)
cataractae (dative singular)
cataractīs (dative plural)
cataractam (accusative singular)
cataractās (accusative plural)
cataractā (ablative singular)
cataractīs (ablative plural)
cataracta (singular vocative)
cataractae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: cataracta

→ Middle Dutch: cataracte

desctree

Dutch: cataract, katarakt (superseded)
Afrikaans: katarak
→ Indonesian: katarak

→ Middle English: cataract, cateract, cataracta, cataracte, catheracte, catharacte, catharacta, catterak, catarac
English: cataract
→ Cebuano: katarak
→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk
Scots: cataract (rare, obsolete)

→ French: cataracte

→ German: Katarakt

→ Portuguese: catarata

→ Spanish: catarata

[kät̪äˈräkt̪ä]

[kät̪äˈräkt̪ä]

From Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs), from καταράσσω (katarássō, “pour down”).


stagnum

la-noun

stāgnum n (genitive stāgnī); second declension

stāgnum (canonical neuter)
stāgnī (genitive)
stāgnum (nominative singular)
stāgna (nominative plural)
stāgnī (genitive singular)
stāgnōrum (genitive plural)
stāgnō (dative singular)
stāgnīs (dative plural)
stāgnum (accusative singular)
stāgna (accusative plural)
stāgnō (ablative singular)
stāgnīs (ablative plural)
stāgnum (singular vocative)
stāgna (plural vocative)

Catalan: estany

Italian: stagno

Occitan: estanh

Spanish: estanque

Portuguese: estanque

[ˈs̠t̪äːŋnʊ̃ˑ]

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to seep, drip”), whence also Ancient Greek στάζω (stázō, “to drip”) (with different ablaut grade), as well as Old Breton staer (“river, brook”). Conversely, possibly related to Ancient Greek τέναγος (ténagos, “shoal water, shallows”).

der

pond, swamp, fen; any piece of standing water


Uria

la-proper noun

Uria f sg (genitive Uriae); first declension

Uriae (genitive)
Uria (nominative singular)
Uriae (genitive singular)
Uriae (dative singular)
Uriam (accusative singular)
Uriā (ablative singular)
Uria (singular vocative)
Uriae (locative singular)


Hebron

Hebrōn m sg (genitive Hebrōn or Hebrōnis); indeclinable, variously declined, third declension

Hebrōn (canonical masculine singular)
variously declined (canonical)
Hebrōn (genitive)
Hebrōnis (genitive)
Hebrōn (nominative singular)
Hebrōn (genitive singular)
Hebrōnis (genitive singular)
Hebrōn (dative singular)
Hebrōnī (dative singular)
Hebrōn (accusative singular)
Hebrōnem (accusative singular)
Hebrōn (ablative singular)
Hebrōne (ablative singular)
Hebrōn (singular vocative)
Hebrōn (locative singular)
Hebrōnī (locative singular)
Hebrōne (locative singular)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Hebron.


Ptolemais

Ptolemāis f sg (genitive Ptolemāidis); third declension

Ptolemāis (canonical feminine singular)
Ptolemāidis (genitive)
Ptolemāis (nominative singular)
Ptolemāidis (genitive singular)
Ptolemāidī (dative singular)
Ptolemāidem (accusative singular)
Ptolemāida (accusative singular)
Ptolemāide (ablative singular)
Ptolemāis (singular vocative)
Ptolemāidī (locative singular)
Ptolemāide (locative singular)

[pt̪ɔɫ̪ɛˈmäːɪs̠]

From Ancient Greek Πτολεμαΐς (Ptolemaḯs).

Any of several settlements in the Hellenistic world, including:


Naxos

Naxos f sg (genitive Naxī); second declension

Naxī (genitive)
Naxos (nominative singular)
Naxī (genitive singular)
Naxō (dative singular)
Naxon (accusative singular)
Naxō (ablative singular)
Naxe (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Νάξος (Náxos).


Amorgos

Amorgos f sg (genitive Amorgī); second declension

Amorgī (genitive)
Amorgos (nominative singular)
Amorgī (genitive singular)
Amorgō (dative singular)
Amorgon (accusative singular)
Amorgō (ablative singular)
Amorge (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀμοργός (Amorgós).


Occitania

Occitānia f sg (genitive Occitāniae); first declension

Occitānia (canonical feminine singular)
Occitāniae (genitive)
Occitānia (nominative singular)
Occitāniae (genitive singular)
Occitāniae (dative singular)
Occitāniam (accusative singular)
Occitāniā (ablative singular)
Occitānia (singular vocative)

desc

أُوكْسِيتَانِيَا

Arabic: أُوكْسِيتَانِيَا (ʔūksītāniyā)

Arabic: أُوكْسِيتَانِيَا (ʔūksītāniyā)

Azerbaijani: Oksitaniya

English: Occitania

French: Occitanie

German: Okzitanien

Persian: اکسیتانیا (oksitâniyâ)

Romanian: Occitania

Russian: Оксита́ния (Oksitánija)

Spanish: Occitania

Turkish: Oksitanya

Ukrainian: Оксита́нія (Oksytánija)

Uzbek: Oksitaniya

[otː͡ʃiˈt̪äːniä]

(New Latin) Occitania (a region of Europe)


Margus

la-proper noun

Margus m sg (genitive Margī); second declension

Margī (genitive)
Margus (nominative singular)
Margī (genitive singular)
Margō (dative singular)
Margum (accusative singular)
Margō (ablative singular)
Marge (singular vocative)


Pactolus

Pactōlus m sg (genitive Pactōlī); second declension

Pactōlus (canonical masculine singular)
Pactōlī (genitive)
Pactōlus (nominative singular)
Pactōlī (genitive singular)
Pactōlō (dative singular)
Pactōlum (accusative singular)
Pactōlō (ablative singular)
Pactōle (singular vocative)

[päkˈt̪oːɫ̪ʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πακτωλός (Paktōlós).


Hyllus

Hyllus m sg (genitive Hyllī); second declension

Hyllī (genitive)
Hyllus (nominative singular)
Hyllī (genitive singular)
Hyllō (dative singular)
Hyllum (accusative singular)
Hyllō (ablative singular)
Hylle (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) The son of Heracles and Deianira


Antiochia

Antiochīa f sg (genitive Antiochīae); first declension

Antiochīa (canonical feminine singular)
Antiochīae (genitive)
Antiochīa (nominative singular)
Antiochīae (genitive singular)
Antiochīae (dative singular)
Antiochīam (accusative singular)
Antiochīā (ablative singular)
Antiochīa (singular vocative)
Antiochīae (locative singular)

Catalan: Antioquia

→ English: Antiochia

Esperanto: Antioĥio

Old French: Antioche

French: Antioche

→ Middle English: Antioche

English: Antioch

German: Antiochia

Italian: Antiochia

Old English: Antiochia

Portuguese: Antioquia

Romanian: Antiohia

Spanish: Antioquía

[än̪t̪iɔˈkʰiːä]

From Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia).

Antioch (an ancient Greco-Roman city in modern Turkey)


Pannonia

Pannonia f sg (genitive Pannoniae); first declension

Pannoniae (genitive)
Pannonia (nominative singular)
Pannoniae (genitive singular)
Pannoniae (dative singular)
Pannoniam (accusative singular)
Pannoniā (ablative singular)
Pannonia (singular vocative)

Via Illyrian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pen- (“moist; wet; mud; swamp; water”).


Roffa

la-proper noun

Roffa f sg (genitive Roffae); first declension

Roffae (genitive)
Roffa (nominative singular)
Roffae (genitive singular)
Roffae (dative singular)
Roffam (accusative singular)
Roffā (ablative singular)
Roffa (singular vocative)
Roffae (locative singular)

Rochester (a town and historic city in Medway borough, Kent, England)


Leida

Leida f sg (genitive Leidae); first declension

Leidae (genitive)
Leida (nominative singular)
Leidae (genitive singular)
Leidae (dative singular)
Leidam (accusative singular)
Leidā (ablative singular)
Leida (singular vocative)
Leidae (locative singular)

Probably adapted from Middle Dutch Leyden.

Leiden (a city in South Holland, Netherlands)


culmen

la-noun

culmen n (genitive culminis); third declension

culminis (genitive)
culmen (nominative singular)
culmina (nominative plural)
culminis (genitive singular)
culminum (genitive plural)
culminī (dative singular)
culminibus (dative plural)
culmen (accusative singular)
culmina (accusative plural)
culmine (ablative singular)
culminibus (ablative plural)
culmen (singular vocative)
culmina (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: kulm

Aromanian: culmã, culmi

→ English: culmen

Galician: cume, cumio

Italian: colmo, culmine

Piedmontese: corm, colm

Portuguese: cume

Romanian: culme

Romansch: culm

Sicilian: curma

Spanish: cumbre, → culmen

→ Swedish: kulmen

From Proto-Italic *kolamen, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, be tall”). Doublet of columen.


Baltimora

la-proper noun

Baltimōra f sg (genitive Baltimōrae); first declension

Baltimōra (canonical feminine singular)
Baltimōrae (genitive)
Baltimōra (nominative singular)
Baltimōrae (genitive singular)
Baltimōrae (dative singular)
Baltimōram (accusative singular)
Baltimōrā (ablative singular)
Baltimōra (singular vocative)
Baltimōrae (locative singular)

[bäɫ̪t̪ɪˈmoːrä]


Seulum

Seū̆lum n sg (genitive Seū̆lī); second declension

Seū̆lum (canonical neuter singular)
Seū̆lī (genitive)
Seū̆lum (nominative singular)
Seū̆lī (genitive singular)
Seū̆lō (dative singular)
Seū̆lum (accusative singular)
Seū̆lō (ablative singular)
Seū̆lum (singular vocative)
Seū̆lī (locative singular)

[s̠eˈuːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

[ˈs̠eʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).

bor

(New Latin) Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)


Francogallia

la-proper noun

Francogallia f sg (genitive Francogalliae); first declension

Francogalliae (genitive)
Francogallia (nominative singular)
Francogalliae (genitive singular)
Francogalliae (dative singular)
Francogalliam (accusative singular)
Francogalliā (ablative singular)
Francogallia (singular vocative)
Francogalliae (locative singular)

[fräŋkɔˈɡälːʲiä]

(New Latin, Medieval Latin) France (a country in Western Europe)


Persepolis

Persēpolis f sg (genitive Persēpolis); third declension

Persēpolis (canonical feminine singular)
Persēpolis (genitive)
Persēpolis (nominative singular)
Persēpolis (genitive singular)
Persēpolī (dative singular)
Persēpolim (accusative singular)
Persēpolin (accusative singular)
Persēpolī (ablative singular)
Persēpolis (singular vocative)
Persēpolī (singular vocative)
Persēpolī (locative singular)

Catalan: Persèpolis

English: Persepolis

Esperanto: Persepolo

French: Persépolis

Polish: Persepolis

Portuguese: Persépolis

Spanish: Persépolis

Italian: Persepoli

From Ancient Greek Περσέπολις (Persépolis), from Πέρσης (Pérsēs, “Persian”) + πόλις (pólis, “city”), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa, “Persis, Persia, a Persian, Persepolis”) although ancient Greek writers relate a folk etymology that derived the city, country, and people's name from Ancient Greek πέρθειν (pérthein, “to sack, to kill”).


Castrum Danorum

la-proper noun

Castrum Dānōrum n sg (genitive Castrī Dānōrum); second declension

Castrum Dānōrum (canonical neuter singular)
Castrī Dānōrum (genitive)
Castrum Dānōrum (nominative singular)
Castrī Dānōrum (genitive singular)
Castrō Dānōrum (dative singular)
Castrum Dānōrum (accusative singular)
Castrō Dānōrum (ablative singular)
Castrum Dānōrum (singular vocative)
Castrī Dānōrum (locative singular)

[ˈkäs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ d̪äːˈnoːrʊ̃ˑ]


Cantabrigia

Cantabrigia f sg (genitive Cantabrigiae); first declension

Cantabrigiae (genitive)
Cantabrigia (nominative singular)
Cantabrigiae (genitive singular)
Cantabrigiae (dative singular)
Cantabrigiam (accusative singular)
Cantabrigiā (ablative singular)
Cantabrigia (singular vocative)
Cantabrigiae (locative singular)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Cambridge (a city in England, site of the University of Cambridge)


Pusanum

Pusanum n sg (genitive Pusanī); second declension

Pusanī (genitive)
Pusanum (nominative singular)
Pusanī (genitive singular)
Pusanō (dative singular)
Pusanum (accusative singular)
Pusanō (ablative singular)
Pusanum (singular vocative)
Pusanī (locative singular)


Taivania

Taivania f sg (genitive Taivaniae); first declension

Taivaniae (genitive)
Taivania (nominative singular)
Taivaniae (genitive singular)
Taivaniae (dative singular)
Taivaniam (accusative singular)
Taivaniā (ablative singular)
Taivania (singular vocative)
Taivaniae (locative singular)

From Mandarin 臺灣 /台湾 (Táiwān) + -ia (suffix forming place names), from Literary Chinese 臺灣, from Hokkien 大員 (Tāi-oân), 大圓, 臺員, 大灣, 臺灣, etc., a placename initially referring to a sandbank peninsula that later silted up now wholly part of the island in the area of modern-day Anping District, Tainan, and eventually became the name of the entire island. The original placename itself was likely originally a loanword transcription from possibly Siraya.

suffix

(New Latin) Synonym of Formosa, Taiwan (an island in East Asia)

(New Latin) Taiwan (a country in East Asia)


Liverpolis

la-proper noun

Liverpolis f sg (genitive Liverpolis); third declension

Liverpolis (genitive)
Liverpolis (nominative singular)
Liverpolis (genitive singular)
Liverpolī (dative singular)
Liverpolim (accusative singular)
Liverpolin (accusative singular)
Liverpolī (ablative singular)
Liverpolis (singular vocative)
Liverpolī (singular vocative)
Liverpolī (locative singular)

(New Latin) Liverpool (a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England)


Pohangum

Pohangum n sg (genitive Pohangī); second declension

Pohangī (genitive)
Pohangum (nominative singular)
Pohangī (genitive singular)
Pohangō (dative singular)
Pohangum (accusative singular)
Pohangō (ablative singular)
Pohangum (singular vocative)
Pohangī (locative singular)


Taeieonum

Taeieonum n sg (genitive Taeieonī); second declension

Taeieonī (genitive)
Taeieonum (nominative singular)
Taeieonī (genitive singular)
Taeieonō (dative singular)
Taeieonum (accusative singular)
Taeieonō (ablative singular)
Taeieonum (singular vocative)
Taeieonī (locative singular)

[t̪äe̯i̯ˈi̯eɔnʊ̃ˑ]

Daejeon (a metropolitan city of South Korea)


Uta

Ūta f sg (genitive Ūtae); first declension

Ūta (canonical feminine singular)
Ūtae (genitive)
Ūta (nominative singular)
Ūtae (genitive singular)
Ūtae (dative singular)
Ūtam (accusative singular)
Ūtā (ablative singular)
Ūta (singular vocative)
Ūtae (locative singular)


Palaestina

Palaestīna f sg (genitive Palaestīnae); first declension

Palaestīna (canonical feminine singular)
Palaestīnae (genitive)
Palaestīna (nominative singular)
Palaestīnae (genitive singular)
Palaestīnae (dative singular)
Palaestīnam (accusative singular)
Palaestīnā (ablative singular)
Palaestīna (singular vocative)
Palaestīnae (locative singular)

→ Translingual: Palaestina

Asturian: Palestina

Catalan: Palestina

→ Dutch: Palestina

→ Finnish: Palestiina

French: Palestine

→ Hebrew: פלשתינה (Palestina)

→ Icelandic: Palestína

Italian: Palestina

→ Japanese: パレスチナ (Paresuchina)

desctree

→ Old English: Palestina
Middle English: Palestyne
English: Palestine

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Palestina
Fala: Palestina
Galician: Palestina
Portuguese: Palestina (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Spanish: Palestina

Spanish: Palestina

Romanian: Palestina

Sicilian: Palistina

From Ancient Greek Παλαιστίνη (Palaistínē) (see there for more), from Biblical Hebrew פְּלֶשֶׁת (P'léshet, “Philistia, land of the Philistines”).

der

[päɫ̪äe̯s̠ˈt̪iːnä]

[päɫ̪äe̯s̠ˈt̪iːnäː]

Palestine (a province of the Roman Empire in Levant, Asia)

(New Latin) Palestine (a country in Western Asia)


Camelidae

la-proper noun

Camēlidae f pl (genitive Camēlidārum); first declension

Camēlidae (canonical feminine plural)
Camēlidārum (genitive)
Camēlidae (nominative plural)
Camēlidārum (genitive plural)
Camēlidīs (dative plural)
Camēlidās (accusative plural)
Camēlidīs (ablative plural)
Camēlidae (plural vocative)

[käˈmeːlʲɪd̪äe̯]

a group of two islands of the Aegean Sea


Trinacria

Trīnacria f sg (genitive Trīnacriae); first declension

Trīnacria (canonical feminine singular)
Trīnacriae (genitive)
Trīnacria (nominative singular)
Trīnacriae (genitive singular)
Trīnacriae (dative singular)
Trīnacriam (accusative singular)
Trīnacriā (ablative singular)
Trīnacria (singular vocative)

French: Trinacrie

Italian: Trinacria

Russian: Тринакрия (Trinakrija)

Sicilian: Trinàcria

→ English: Trinacria

→ German: Trinacria

→ Korean: 트리나크리아 (teurinakeuria)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τρινακρία (Trinakría).

An ancient name for Sicily or Sicilia, given its triangular shape and three large coastlines.


Caudium

Caudium n sg (genitive Caudiī or Caudī); second declension

Caudiī (genitive)
Caudī (genitive)
Caudium (nominative singular)
Caudiī (genitive singular)
Caudī (genitive singular)
Caudiō (dative singular)
Caudium (accusative singular)
Caudiō (ablative singular)
Caudium (singular vocative)
Caudiī (locative singular)

[ˈkäu̯d̪iʊ̃ˑ]

an ancient town on the Appian Way between Benevento and Capua in modern Campania, Italy


Dalecarlia

Dalecarlia f sg (genitive Dalecarliae); first declension

Dalecarliae (genitive)
Dalecarlia (nominative singular)
Dalecarliae (genitive singular)
Dalecarliae (dative singular)
Dalecarliam (accusative singular)
Dalecarliā (ablative singular)
Dalecarlia (singular vocative)

[d̪äɫ̪ɛˈkärlʲiä]

New Latin, Latinized from Old Swedish Dalarna.


Miletus

Mīlētus f sg (genitive Mīlētī); second declension

Mīlētus (canonical feminine singular)
Mīlētī (genitive)
Mīlētus (nominative singular)
Mīlētī (genitive singular)
Mīlētō (dative singular)
Mīlētum (accusative singular)
Mīlētō (ablative singular)
Mīlēte (singular vocative)
Mīlētī (locative singular)


Inessa

Inēssa f sg (genitive Inēssae); first declension

Inēssa (canonical feminine singular)
Inēssae (genitive)
Inēssa (nominative singular)
Inēssae (genitive singular)
Inēssae (dative singular)
Inēssam (accusative singular)
Inēssā (ablative singular)
Inēssa (singular vocative)
Inēssae (locative singular)

A Sicilian city situated at the foot of the Aetna


Pergamum

Pergamum n sg (genitive Pergamī); second declension

Pergamī (genitive)
Pergamum (nominative singular)
Pergamī (genitive singular)
Pergamō (dative singular)
Pergamum (accusative singular)
Pergamō (ablative singular)
Pergamum (singular vocative)
Pergamī (locative singular)


Illyria

Īllyria f sg (genitive Īllyriae); first declension

Īllyria (canonical feminine singular)
Īllyriae (genitive)
Īllyria (nominative singular)
Īllyriae (genitive singular)
Īllyriae (dative singular)
Īllyriam (accusative singular)
Īllyriā (ablative singular)
Īllyria (singular vocative)
Īllyriae (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Ἰλλυρία (Illuría), which may be from Illyrian. Of obscure origin. Often said to be related to Albanian yll (“star”), from Proto-Albanian *uslo (“star”).


Illyricum

Illyricum n sg (genitive Illyricī); second declension

Illyricī (genitive)
Illyricum (nominative singular)
Illyricī (genitive singular)
Illyricō (dative singular)
Illyricum (accusative singular)
Illyricō (ablative singular)
Illyricum (singular vocative)

[ɪlˈlʲʏrɪkʊ̃ˑ]

Illyricum, the Roman province occupying the region of Illyria


Hierusalem

desctree

Old English: Hierusalem
English: Jerusalem

Old French: Jherusalem
French: Jérusalem

From Ancient Greek Ἱερουσᾱλήμ (Hierousālḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (y'rushaláyim, “Jerusalem”).

der

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

anno tertio regni Ioachim regis Iuda venit Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis Hierusalem et obsedit eam

Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Danihelis 1:1:

In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah came Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon unto Jerusalem, and besieged it.


glaciarium

la-noun

glaciārium n (genitive glaciāriī or glaciārī); second declension

glaciārium (canonical neuter)
glaciāriī (genitive)
glaciārī (genitive)
glaciārium (nominative singular)
glaciāria (nominative plural)
glaciāriī (genitive singular)
glaciārī (genitive singular)
glaciāriōrum (genitive plural)
glaciāriō (dative singular)
glaciāriīs (dative plural)
glaciārium (accusative singular)
glaciāria (accusative plural)
glaciāriō (ablative singular)
glaciāriīs (ablative plural)
glaciārium (singular vocative)
glaciāria (plural vocative)

Calque of English and French glacier (etc.) as glaciēs + -ārium.


municipium

mūnicipium n (genitive mūnicipiī or mūnicipī); second declension

mūnicipium (canonical neuter)
mūnicipiī (genitive)
mūnicipī (genitive)
mūnicipium (nominative singular)
mūnicipia (nominative plural)
mūnicipiī (genitive singular)
mūnicipī (genitive singular)
mūnicipiōrum (genitive plural)
mūnicipiō (dative singular)
mūnicipiīs (dative plural)
mūnicipium (accusative singular)
mūnicipia (accusative plural)
mūnicipiō (ablative singular)
mūnicipiīs (ablative plural)
mūnicipium (singular vocative)
mūnicipia (plural vocative)

Catalan: municipi

French: municipe

Italian: municipio

Maltese: muniċipju

Piedmontese: munissipi

Portuguese: município

Romanian: municipiu

Spanish: municipio

From mūniceps (“citizen (of a municipality)”) + -ium.


Batavia

la-proper noun

Batā̆via f (genitive Batā̆viae); first declension

Batā̆via (canonical feminine)
Batā̆viae (genitive)
Batā̆via (nominative singular)
Batā̆viae (nominative plural)
Batā̆viae (genitive singular)
Batā̆viārum (genitive plural)
Batā̆viae (dative singular)
Batā̆viīs (dative plural)
Batā̆viam (accusative singular)
Batā̆viās (accusative plural)
Batā̆viā (ablative singular)
Batā̆viīs (ablative plural)
Batā̆via (singular vocative)
Batā̆viae (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Dutch: Batavia
Javindo: Batafia
Petjo: Betawie
→ Caribbean Javanese: Betawi, mBetawi
→ Danish: Batavia
→ English: Batavia
→ French: Batavia
→ Indonesian: Batavia, Betawi
→ Javanese: ꦧꦠꦮꦶ (Batawi), ꦧꦼꦠꦮꦶ (Betawi)
→ Peranakan Indonesian: Betawi
→ Sundanese: Batawi

desc

→ Old High German: Pazauwa (various forms attested)

Middle High German:

German: Passau

[bäˈt̪äːu̯iä]

[bäˈt̪äu̯iä]

[bäˈt̪äːviä]

From Proto-Germanic *Batawjō (“good island”).

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

(New Latin) Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

constituent countries
constituent country

(New Latin) Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Aegina

la-proper noun

Aegīna f sg (genitive Aegīnae); first declension

Aegīna (canonical feminine singular)
Aegīnae (genitive)
Aegīna (nominative singular)
Aegīnae (genitive singular)
Aegīnae (dative singular)
Aegīnam (accusative singular)
Aegīnā (ablative singular)
Aegīna (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Αἴγινα (Aígina).


Nicomedia

Nīcomēdīa f sg (genitive Nīcomēdīae); first declension

Nīcomēdīa (canonical feminine singular)
Nīcomēdīae (genitive)
Nīcomēdīa (nominative singular)
Nīcomēdīae (genitive singular)
Nīcomēdīae (dative singular)
Nīcomēdīam (accusative singular)
Nīcomēdīā (ablative singular)
Nīcomēdīa (singular vocative)
Nīcomēdīae (locative singular)

English: Nicomedia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Νῑκομήδειᾰ (Nīkomḗdeiă).


Palmyra

Palmȳra f sg (genitive Palmȳrae); first declension

Palmȳra (canonical feminine singular)
Palmȳrae (genitive)
Palmȳra (nominative singular)
Palmȳrae (genitive singular)
Palmȳrae (dative singular)
Palmȳram (accusative singular)
Palmȳrā (ablative singular)
Palmȳra (singular vocative)
Palmȳrae (locative singular)

[päɫ̪ˈmyːrä]

Palmyra (ancient Semitic city in modern Syria)


Sardis

Sardīs f pl (genitive Sardium); third declension

Sardīs (canonical feminine plural)
Sardium (genitive)
Sardīs (nominative plural)
Sardium (genitive plural)
Sardibus (dative plural)
Sardīs (accusative plural)
Sardibus (ablative plural)
Sardīs (plural vocative)
Sardibus (locative plural)

→ English: Sardis

Sardis (the ancient capital of Lydia in western Asia Minor, in modern Turkey)


cacumen

la-noun

cacūmen n (genitive cacūminis); third declension

cacūmen (canonical neuter)
cacūminis (genitive)
cacūmen (nominative singular)
cacūmina (nominative plural)
cacūminis (genitive singular)
cacūminum (genitive plural)
cacūminī (dative singular)
cacūminibus (dative plural)
cacūmen (accusative singular)
cacūmina (accusative plural)
cacūmine (ablative singular)
cacūminibus (ablative plural)
cacūmen (singular vocative)
cacūmina (plural vocative)

English: cacuminous, cacuminal

Italian: cacume

Cognate to Sanskrit ककुद् (kakúd, “peak, summit, point; head, chief; hump, projection; palate, tongue”), which similarly preserves the original sense of projection in any direction, and the particular sense of the humped shoulders of an animal. The semantics of the denominal verb are influenced by acūmen.

cog

(grammar) accent mark placed over a letter


Orcades

la-proper noun

Orcades f pl (genitive Orcadum); third declension

Orcadum (genitive)
Orcades (nominative plural)
Orcadum (genitive plural)
Orcadibus (dative plural)
Orcadas (accusative plural)
Orcadibus (ablative plural)
Orcades (plural vocative)

English: Orcadian

[ˈɔrkäd̪ɛs̠]

Orkney (archipelago north of Britannia Major)


Sybaris

Sybaris m sg (genitive Sybaris); third declension

Sybaris (genitive)
Sybaris (nominative singular)
Sybaris (genitive singular)
Sybarī (dative singular)
Sybarim (accusative singular)
Sybarin (accusative singular)
Sybarī (ablative singular)
Sybaris (singular vocative)

[ˈs̠ʏbärɪs̠]

A river in Bruttium that flows into the Ionian Sea, now the river Coscile


Sybaris

Sybaris f sg (genitive Sybaris); third declension

Sybaris (genitive)
Sybaris (nominative singular)
Sybaris (genitive singular)
Sybarī (dative singular)
Sybarim (accusative singular)
Sybarin (accusative singular)
Sybarī (ablative singular)
Sybaris (singular vocative)
Sybarī (locative singular)

[ˈs̠ʏbärɪs̠]

A city of Magna Graecia, notable for the luxury of its inhabitants


Hungaria

Hungaria f sg (genitive Hungariae); first declension

Hungariae (genitive)
Hungaria (nominative singular)
Hungariae (genitive singular)
Hungariae (dative singular)
Hungariam (accusative singular)
Hungariā (ablative singular)
Hungaria (singular vocative)

Old French: Hungerie (c. 1140)

French: Hongrie

Norman: Hongrie

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 翁加里亞 (Wēngjiālǐyà)

→ Old English: Hungerie

desc

Middle English: Hungary, Hungrye, Hungry

English: Hungary

From Hungari, Ungari (“Hungarians”). The initial h- appeared under the influence of Hunni (“Huns”), of whom Late Medieval Hungarians claimed to be descendants. See Hun.


cavum

la-noun

cavum n (genitive cavī); second declension

cavī (genitive)
cavum (nominative singular)
cava (nominative plural)
cavī (genitive singular)
cavōrum (genitive plural)
cavō (dative singular)
cavīs (dative plural)
cavum (accusative singular)
cava (accusative plural)
cavō (ablative singular)
cavīs (ablative plural)
cavum (singular vocative)
cava (plural vocative)

Italian: cavo

Romanian: zgău

Spanish: cavo

→ English: cavum

Substantive of cavus (“hollow, excavated, concave”).


Fescennia

la-proper noun

Fescennia f sg (genitive Fescenniae); first declension

Fescenniae (genitive)
Fescennia (nominative singular)
Fescenniae (genitive singular)
Fescenniae (dative singular)
Fescenniam (accusative singular)
Fescenniā (ablative singular)
Fescennia (singular vocative)
Fescenniae (locative singular)

[feʃˈʃɛnːiä]