Belgium

la-proper noun

Belgium n sg (genitive Belgiī or Belgī); second declension

Belgiī (genitive)
Belgī (genitive)
Belgium (nominative singular)
Belgiī (genitive singular)
Belgī (genitive singular)
Belgiō (dative singular)
Belgium (accusative singular)
Belgiō (ablative singular)
Belgium (singular vocative)

→ English: Belgium

→ Bengali: বেলজিয়াম (beljiẏam)

desc

→ Bishnupriya Manipuri: বেলজিয়াম (bēlajiẏām)

→ Burmese: ဘယ်လ်ဂျီယမ် (bhailgyiyam)

→ Dhivehi: ބެލްޖިއަމް (beljiam̊)

→ Dzongkha: བེལ་ཇིཡམ་ (bel jiym)

→ Ewe: Belgium

→ Gujarati: બેલ્જિયમ (beljiyam)

→ Hawaiian: Pelekiuma

→ Hindi: बेल्जियम (beljiyam)

→ Ilocano: Belgium

→ Kamba: Belgium

→ Kapampangan: Belgium

→ Luhya: Belgium

→ Malay: Belgium

→ Malayalam: ബെൽജിയം (beljiyaṁ)

→ Maori: Peratiamu

→ Marathi: बेल्जियम (beljiyam)

→ Meru: Belgium

→ Nauruan: Belgium

→ Nepali: बेल्जियम (beljiyam)

→ Sanskrit: बेल्जियम (beljiyama)

→ Tamil: பெல்ஜியம் (peljiyam)

→ Telugu: బెల్జియం (beljiyaṁ)

→ Thai: เบลเยียม (beel-yîiam)

→ Tok Pisin: Beljiam

→ Urdu: بلجئیم (beljiyam)

→ Yoruba: Belgium

→ Esperanto: Belgio

Friulian: Belgjo

→ Greek: Βέλγιο (Vélgio)

→ Hungarian: Belgium

→ Interlingua: Belgio

Italian: Belgio

Ligurian: Belgiò

→ Scots: Belgium

Sicilian: Belgiu

→ Silesian: Belgijo

Venetan: Belgio

[ˈbɛɫ̪ɡiʊ̃ˑ]

Synonym of Belgica: Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Israel

la-proper noun

Isrāēl m sg (genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, variously declined, third declension

Isrāēl (canonical masculine singular)
variously declined (canonical)
Isrāēl (genitive)
Isrāēlis (genitive)
Isrāēl (nominative singular)
Isrāēl (genitive singular)
Isrāēlis (genitive singular)
Isrāēl (dative singular)
Isrāēlī (dative singular)
Isrāēl (accusative singular)
Isrāēlem (accusative singular)
Isrāēl (ablative singular)
Isrāēle (ablative singular)
Isrāēl (singular vocative)

Asturian: Israel

Catalan: Israel

→ Old Dutch: israel

Middle Dutch: israel

desctree

Dutch: Israël
Afrikaans: Israel
→ Indonesian: Israel

→ English: Israel, Yisrael, Israhel
→ Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

French: Israël

Galician: Israel

→ German: Israel

→ Old Irish: Israhél, Israél
Irish: Iosrael
Manx: Israel
Scottish Gaelic: Iosrael

Norman: Israël

Portuguese: Israel

Romanian: Israel

Spanish: Israel

[ɪs̠ˈräːeːɫ̪]

Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.

bor+

(New Latin) Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Estonia

la-proper noun

Estonia f sg (genitive Estoniae); first declension

Estoniae (genitive)
Estonia (nominative singular)
Estoniae (genitive singular)
Estoniae (dative singular)
Estoniam (accusative singular)
Estoniā (ablative singular)
Estonia (singular vocative)

Possibly derived from the tribal name Aestī described by the Roman historian Tacitus in his Germania (ca. 98 AD).

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Estonia (a country in Europe)


Libya

Libya f sg (genitive Libyae); first declension

Libyae (genitive)
Libya (nominative singular)
Libyae (genitive singular)
Libyae (dative singular)
Libyam (accusative singular)
Libyā (ablative singular)
Libya (singular vocative)

→ English: Libya

Norman: Libye

(New Latin) Libya (a country in North Africa)


Austria

Austria f sg (genitive Austriae); first declension

Austriae (genitive)
Austria (nominative singular)
Austriae (genitive singular)
Austriae (dative singular)
Austriam (accusative singular)
Austriā (ablative singular)
Austria (singular vocative)

From auster (“south”) + -ia, a phono-semantic matching of Middle High German Ōsterrīche, from Old High German Ōstarrīhhi. The first element of the High German word is Proto-Germanic *austraz (“eastern”), cognate with Latin auster, but of different sense. The formation nevertheless makes sense because Austria is located in the south-east of the German-speaking lands.

phono-semantic matching

FRANCISCVS I · AVSTRIÆ IMPERATOR
Francis I · Emperor of Austria

(New Latin) Austria (a country in Central Europe)


Andorra

la-proper noun

Andorra f sg (genitive Andorrae); first declension

Andorrae (genitive)
Andorra (nominative singular)
Andorrae (genitive singular)
Andorrae (dative singular)
Andorram (accusative singular)
Andorrā (ablative singular)
Andorra (singular vocative)
Andorrae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Albania

Albānia f sg (genitive Albāniae); first declension

Albānia (canonical feminine singular)
Albāniae (genitive)
Albānia (nominative singular)
Albāniae (genitive singular)
Albāniae (dative singular)
Albāniam (accusative singular)
Albāniā (ablative singular)
Albānia (singular vocative)

⇒ Russian: Алба́нія (Albánija) (Pre-reform orthography (1918)), Алба́ния (Albánija)

[äɫ̪ˈbäːniä]

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía) (or Old Irish Albu, Albain, Alban for the "Scotland" sense).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Albania (a country in Southeast Europe)


Armenia

Armenia f sg (genitive Armeniae); first declension

Armeniae (genitive)
Armenia (nominative singular)
Armeniae (genitive singular)
Armeniae (dative singular)
Armeniam (accusative singular)
Armeniā (ablative singular)
Armenia (singular vocative)
Armeniae (locative singular)

→ English: Armenia

French: Arménie

Italian: Armenia

Portuguese: Arménia, Armênia (Brazil)

Spanish: Armenia

Armenia Maior

Armenia Minor

Non semper imbres nubibus hispidos
manant in agros aut mare Caspium
vexant inaequales procellae
usque nec Armeniis in oris,
amice Valgi, stat glacies iners
mensis per omnis…
The rain, it rains not every day

Not always feels the unequal sway
Of storms, nor on Armenia’s plain,
Dear Valgius, lies the cold dull snow
Through all the year…

Armenia autem Maior incipit a Parihedris montibus, Euphrate amne, ut dictum est, aufertur Cappadociae et, qua discedit Euphrates, Mesopotamiae haut minus claro amne Tigri. utrumque fundit ipsa et initium Mesopotamiae facit inter duos amnes exiturae.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia VI.25

Greater Armenia, beginning at the mountains known as the Paryadres, is separated, as we have already stated, from Cappadocia by the river Euphrates, and, where that river turns off in its course, from Mesopotamia, by the no less famous river Tigris. Both of these rivers take their rise in Armenia, which also forms the commencement of Mesopotamia, a tract of country which lies between these streams.

5th century AD, Saint Jerome, Latin Vulgate, Genesis 8.4

The ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on Armenia’s mountains.

requievitque arca mense septimo vicesima septima die mensis super montes Armeniae

Armenia (an ancient Armenian kingdom in eastern Anatolia, in modern eastern Turkey and Armenia)

(New Latin) Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Argentina

Argentīna f sg (genitive Argentīnae); first declension

Argentīna (canonical feminine singular)
Argentīnae (genitive)
Argentīna (nominative singular)
Argentīnae (genitive singular)
Argentīnae (dative singular)
Argentīnam (accusative singular)
Argentīnā (ablative singular)
Argentīna (singular vocative)

[ärɡɛn̪ˈt̪iːnä]

Calque of Spanish Argentina, from argentum (“silver”) + -īna.

(New Latin) Argentina (a country in South America)


Bulgaria

Bulgaria f sg (genitive Bulgariae); first declension

Bulgariae (genitive)
Bulgaria (nominative singular)
Bulgariae (genitive singular)
Bulgariae (dative singular)
Bulgariam (accusative singular)
Bulgariā (ablative singular)
Bulgaria (singular vocative)

⇒ Georgian: ბულგარეთი (bulgareti)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Bolivia

Bolivia f sg (genitive Boliviae); first declension

Boliviae (genitive)
Bolivia (nominative singular)
Boliviae (genitive singular)
Boliviae (dative singular)
Boliviam (accusative singular)
Boliviā (ablative singular)
Bolivia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Bolivia (a country in South America)


Canada

Canada f sg (genitive Canadae); first declension

Canadae (genitive)
Canada (nominative singular)
Canadae (genitive singular)
Canadae (dative singular)
Canadam (accusative singular)
Canadā (ablative singular)
Canada (singular vocative)

From French Canada, from Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


Cuba

la-proper noun

Cū̆ba f sg (genitive Cū̆bae); first declension

Cū̆ba (canonical feminine singular)
Cū̆bae (genitive)
Cū̆ba (nominative singular)
Cū̆bae (genitive singular)
Cū̆bae (dative singular)
Cū̆bam (accusative singular)
Cū̆bā (ablative singular)
Cū̆ba (singular vocative)
Cū̆bae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Cuba (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Cyprus

Cyprus f sg (genitive Cyprī); second declension

Cyprī (genitive)
Cyprus (nominative singular)
Cyprī (genitive singular)
Cyprō (dative singular)
Cyprum (accusative singular)
Cyprō (ablative singular)
Cypre (singular vocative)
Cyprī (locative singular)

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Gambia

Gambia f sg (genitive Gambiae); first declension

Gambiae (genitive)
Gambia (nominative singular)
Gambiae (genitive singular)
Gambiae (dative singular)
Gambiam (accusative singular)
Gambiā (ablative singular)
Gambia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Gambia (a country in West Africa)


Guatemala

Guā̆tē̆mā̆la f sg (genitive Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae); first declension

Guā̆tē̆mā̆la (canonical feminine singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae (genitive)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆la (nominative singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae (genitive singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae (dative singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lam (accusative singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lā (ablative singular)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆la (singular vocative)
Guā̆tē̆mā̆lae (locative singular)

[ɡʷäːt̪eːˈmäːɫ̪ä]

[ɡʷäˈt̪ɛmäɫ̪ä]

[ɡwät̪eˈmäːlä]

[ɡwäˈt̪ɛːmälä]

Borrowed from Spanish Guatemala, from Classical Nahuatl Cuauhtēmallān.

(New Latin) Guatemala (a country in Central America)


Indonesia

Indonēsia f sg (genitive Indonēsiae); first declension

Indonēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Indonēsiae (genitive)
Indonēsia (nominative singular)
Indonēsiae (genitive singular)
Indonēsiae (dative singular)
Indonēsiam (accusative singular)
Indonēsiā (ablative singular)
Indonēsia (singular vocative)
Indonēsiae (locative singular)

[ɪn̪d̪ɔˈneːs̠iä]

(New Latin) Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


India

India f sg (genitive Indiae); first declension

Indiae (genitive)
India (nominative singular)
Indiae (genitive singular)
Indiae (dative singular)
Indiam (accusative singular)
Indiā (ablative singular)
India (singular vocative)

Sicilian: Ìnnia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “the Indus river”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”), of uncertain origin.

der

(Late Latin) (chiefly historical, proscribed in modern use) India (a region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent)

(New Latin) India (a country in South Asia)


Cambodia

la-proper noun

Cambodia f sg (genitive Cambodiae); first declension

Cambodiae (genitive)
Cambodia (nominative singular)
Cambodiae (genitive singular)
Cambodiae (dative singular)
Cambodiam (accusative singular)
Cambodiā (ablative singular)
Cambodia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Cambodia (a country in Southeast Asia)


Liberia

Līberia f sg (genitive Līberiae); first declension

Līberia (canonical feminine singular)
Līberiae (genitive)
Līberia (nominative singular)
Līberiae (genitive singular)
Līberiae (dative singular)
Līberiam (accusative singular)
Līberiā (ablative singular)
Līberia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Liberia (a country in West Africa)


Mongolia

Mongolia f sg (genitive Mongoliae); first declension

Mongoliae (genitive)
Mongolia (nominative singular)
Mongoliae (genitive singular)
Mongoliae (dative singular)
Mongoliam (accusative singular)
Mongoliā (ablative singular)
Mongolia (singular vocative)

[moŋˈɡɔːliä]

(New Latin) Mongolia (a country in East Asia)


Mauritania

Maurītānia f sg (genitive Maurītāniae); first declension

Maurītānia (canonical feminine singular)
Maurītāniae (genitive)
Maurītānia (nominative singular)
Maurītāniae (genitive singular)
Maurītāniae (dative singular)
Maurītāniam (accusative singular)
Maurītāniā (ablative singular)
Maurītānia (singular vocative)

→ English: Mauritania

From Maurītānus (“Mauritanian, [one] of the Moors”) + -ia (country name forming suffix). The first element is from Maurus (“Moor”), from Ancient Greek Μαῦρος (Maûros), the second from Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

affix

(New Latin) Mauritania (a country in West Africa)


Namibia

la-proper noun

Namibia f sg (genitive Namibiae); first declension

Namibiae (genitive)
Namibia (nominative singular)
Namibiae (genitive singular)
Namibiae (dative singular)
Namibiam (accusative singular)
Namibiā (ablative singular)
Namibia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Namibia (a country in Southern Africa)


Niger

Niger m sg (genitive Nigris); third declension

Nigris (genitive)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigris (genitive singular)
Nigrī (dative singular)
Nigrim (accusative singular)
Nigre (ablative singular)
Niger (singular vocative)

Efficit autem hoc suo flexu, ut etiam ultra Athlantem Africa ad usque Nigrim fluuium excurrat, Plinio & Ptolemaeo.

1534, Joachim Vadianus, Epitome trium terrae partium Asiae, Africae et Europae compendiariam...:

Niger (a major river in West Africa, that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


Nigeria

Nigēria f sg (genitive Nigēriae); first declension

Nigēria (canonical feminine singular)
Nigēriae (genitive)
Nigēria (nominative singular)
Nigēriae (genitive singular)
Nigēriae (dative singular)
Nigēriam (accusative singular)
Nigēriā (ablative singular)
Nigēria (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Nicaragua

Nicaragua f sg (genitive Nicaraguae); first declension

Nicaraguae (genitive)
Nicaragua (nominative singular)
Nicaraguae (genitive singular)
Nicaraguae (dative singular)
Nicaraguam (accusative singular)
Nicaraguā (ablative singular)
Nicaragua (singular vocative)

[nɪkäˈräɡuä]

(New Latin) Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Panama

Panama f sg (genitive Panamae); first declension

Panamae (genitive)
Panama (nominative singular)
Panamae (genitive singular)
Panamae (dative singular)
Panamam (accusative singular)
Panamā (ablative singular)
Panama (singular vocative)
Panamae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Panama (a country in Central America)


Romania

Rōmānia f sg (genitive Rōmāniae); first declension

Rōmānia (canonical feminine singular)
Rōmāniae (genitive)
Rōmānia (nominative singular)
Rōmāniae (genitive singular)
Rōmāniae (dative singular)
Rōmāniam (accusative singular)
Rōmāniā (ablative singular)
Rōmānia (singular vocative)

q

from a Vulgar Latin variant <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Rōmănia</i> with a short a in the second syllable

→ Proto-Brythonic: *rrʉβ̃ėn (from a Vulgar Latin variant Rōmănia with a short a in the second syllable)

Middle Welsh: Ruvein

Welsh: Rhufain

From Ancient Greek Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Rhōmānĭ́ā).

Nam ego quoque ipse virum quemdam Narbonensem ... audivi, se familiarissimum Ataulpho apud Narbonam fuisse: ac de eo ... didicisse, quod ... referre solitus esset, se in primis ardenter inhiasse: ut, obliterato Romano nomine, Romanum omne sŏlum, Gothorum imperium et faceret et vocaret: essetque, ut vulgariter loquar, Gothia, quod Romania fuisset; fieretque nunc Ataulphus quod quondam Caesar Augustus.

lived ca. 385 CE - ca. 420 CE, Orosius, Historiae adversum paganos 7.43.5

I, too, once heard a man from Narbonne who claimed to be very familiar with Athaulf and who had learned that Athaulf would often say that, more than anything else, he desired this: after eliminating the name of Rome, he would make the entire Roman land subject to Gothic power and call it so, calling (if I may speak vulgarly) what was previously Romania as "Gothia". And so Athaulfus would become what Caesar Augustus once was [i.e. the first emperor of a new empire].

(New Latin) Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)


Slovenia

la-proper noun

Slovēnia f sg (genitive Slovēniae); first declension

Slovēnia (canonical feminine singular)
Slovēniae (genitive)
Slovēnia (nominative singular)
Slovēniae (genitive singular)
Slovēniae (dative singular)
Slovēniam (accusative singular)
Slovēniā (ablative singular)
Slovēnia (singular vocative)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

(New Latin) Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Syria

Syria f sg (genitive Syriae); first declension

Syriae (genitive)
Syria (nominative singular)
Syriae (genitive singular)
Syriae (dative singular)
Syriam (accusative singular)
Syriā (ablative singular)
Syria (singular vocative)

Asturian: Siria

Catalan: Síria

French: Syrie

→ Irish: An tSiria

Italian: Siria

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Siria, Syria
Fala: Siria
Galician: Siria
Portuguese: Síria (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: Siria

Spanish: Siria

Borrowed from the Ancient Greek Σῠρῐ́ᾱ (Sŭrĭ́ā, “Syria”).

(historical) Syria (an ancient region in the Levant in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern country of Syria)

(historical) Syria (an ancient Roman province between 64 BCE and 135 CE)

(New Latin) Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Tonga

la-proper noun

Tonga f sg (genitive Tongae); first declension

Tongae (genitive)
Tonga (nominative singular)
Tongae (genitive singular)
Tongae (dative singular)
Tongam (accusative singular)
Tongā (ablative singular)
Tonga (singular vocative)
Tongae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Tonga (a country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania)


Tanzania

Tanzania f sg (genitive Tanzaniae); first declension

Tanzaniae (genitive)
Tanzania (nominative singular)
Tanzaniae (genitive singular)
Tanzaniae (dative singular)
Tanzaniam (accusative singular)
Tanzaniā (ablative singular)
Tanzania (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Tanzania (a country in East Africa)


Uganda

Uganda f sg (genitive Ugandae); first declension

Ugandae (genitive)
Uganda (nominative singular)
Ugandae (genitive singular)
Ugandae (dative singular)
Ugandam (accusative singular)
Ugandā (ablative singular)
Uganda (singular vocative)

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).

der

(New Latin) Uganda (a country in East Africa)


Zambia

la-proper noun

Zambia f sg (genitive Zambiae); first declension

Zambiae (genitive)
Zambia (nominative singular)
Zambiae (genitive singular)
Zambiae (dative singular)
Zambiam (accusative singular)
Zambiā (ablative singular)
Zambia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Zambia (a country in Southern Africa)


Australia

Austrālia f sg (genitive Austrāliae); first declension

Austrālia (canonical feminine singular)
Austrāliae (genitive)
Austrālia (nominative singular)
Austrāliae (genitive singular)
Austrāliae (dative singular)
Austrāliam (accusative singular)
Austrāliā (ablative singular)
Austrālia (singular vocative)

[äu̯s̠ˈt̪räːlʲiä]

From austrālis (“southern”) + a latinization of Ancient Greek -ία (-ía).

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Aruba

Arūba f sg (genitive Arūbae); first declension

Arūba (canonical feminine singular)
Arūbae (genitive)
Arūba (nominative singular)
Arūbae (genitive singular)
Arūbae (dative singular)
Arūbam (accusative singular)
Arūbā (ablative singular)
Arūba (singular vocative)
Arūbae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Aruba (an island, dependent territory, and constituent country of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea)


Burkina Faso

Burkīna Fasō f sg (genitive Burkīnae Fasōnis); variously declined, first declension, third declension

Burkīna Fasō (canonical feminine singular)
variously declined (canonical)
Burkīnae Fasōnis (genitive)
Burkīna Fasō (nominative singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnis (genitive singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnī (dative singular)
Burkīnam Fasōnem (accusative singular)
Burkīnā Fasōne (ablative singular)
Burkīna Fasō (singular vocative)
Burkīnae Fasōnī (locative singular)
Burkīnae Fasōne (locative singular)

(New Latin) Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Somalia

Sōmālia f sg (genitive Sōmāliae); first declension

Sōmālia (canonical feminine singular)
Sōmāliae (genitive)
Sōmālia (nominative singular)
Sōmāliae (genitive singular)
Sōmāliae (dative singular)
Sōmāliam (accusative singular)
Sōmāliā (ablative singular)
Sōmālia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Russia

Russia f sg (genitive Russiae); first declension

Russiae (genitive)
Russia (nominative singular)
Russiae (genitive singular)
Russiae (dative singular)
Russiam (accusative singular)
Russiā (ablative singular)
Russia (singular vocative)

Sixteenth-century Latinisation of the Middle Russian Русь (Rusʹ, “Rus”).

(New Latin) Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Niue

Niuē f sg (genitive Niuēs); first declension

Niuē (canonical feminine singular)
Niuēs (genitive)
Niuē (nominative singular)
Niuēs (genitive singular)
Niuae (dative singular)
Niuēn (accusative singular)
Niuē (ablative singular)
Niuē (singular vocative)
Niuae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Niue (an island and country in Polynesia in Oceania, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)


Croatia

Croātia f sg (genitive Croātiae); first declension

Croātia (canonical feminine singular)
Croātiae (genitive)
Croātia (nominative singular)
Croātiae (genitive singular)
Croātiae (dative singular)
Croātiam (accusative singular)
Croātiā (ablative singular)
Croātia (singular vocative)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Dominica

Dominica f (genitive Dominicae); first declension

Dominicae (genitive)
Dominica (nominative singular)
Dominicae (nominative plural)
Dominicae (genitive singular)
Dominicārum (genitive plural)
Dominicae (dative singular)
Dominicīs (dative plural)
Dominicam (accusative singular)
Dominicās (accusative plural)
Dominicā (ablative singular)
Dominicīs (ablative plural)
Dominica (singular vocative)
Dominicae (plural vocative)
Dominicae (locative singular)
Dominicīs (locative plural)

[d̪ɔˈmɪnɪkä]

Ellipsis of diēs Dominica (“Lord’s Day, day of the Lord, Sunday”), used for the island of Dominica since it was sighted by Christopher Columbus on a Sunday.

ellipsis

(New Latin) Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Georgia

la-proper noun

Geōrgia f sg (genitive Geōrgiae); first declension

Geōrgia (canonical feminine singular)
Geōrgiae (genitive)
Geōrgia (nominative singular)
Geōrgiae (genitive singular)
Geōrgiae (dative singular)
Geōrgiam (accusative singular)
Geōrgiā (ablative singular)
Geōrgia (singular vocative)
Geōrgiae (locative singular)

→ English: Georgia (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle French: Georgie

French: Géorgie

→ Middle English: Georgie

English: Georgie (obsolete)

→ Italian: Georgia

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Georgia

→ Romanian: Georgia

→ Spanish: Georgia

[d͡ʒeˈɔrd͡ʒiä]

A borrowing from Classical Persian گرج (gurj), from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭 pl (Wiruz-ān, “Iberians, Georgians”), of unknown origin. The Latin form was influenced by (sānctus) Geōrgius (“Saint George”) due to the saint's popularity in the country.

der

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

(New Latin) Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Guinea

la-proper noun

Guinea f sg (genitive Guineae); first declension

Guineae (genitive)
Guinea (nominative singular)
Guineae (genitive singular)
Guineae (dative singular)
Guineam (accusative singular)
Guineā (ablative singular)
Guinea (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Guinea (a country in West Africa)


Samoa

Sāmoa f sg (genitive Sāmoae); first declension

Sāmoa (canonical feminine singular)
Sāmoae (genitive)
Sāmoa (nominative singular)
Sāmoae (genitive singular)
Sāmoae (dative singular)
Sāmoam (accusative singular)
Sāmoā (ablative singular)
Sāmoa (singular vocative)
Sāmoae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Samoa (A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Bermuda

Bermūda f sg (genitive Bermūdae); first declension

Bermūda (canonical feminine singular)
Bermūdae (genitive)
Bermūda (nominative singular)
Bermūdae (genitive singular)
Bermūdae (dative singular)
Bermūdam (accusative singular)
Bermūdā (ablative singular)
Bermūda (singular vocative)
Bermūdae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Micronesia

Micronēsia f sg (genitive Micronēsiae); first declension

Micronēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Micronēsiae (genitive)
Micronēsia (nominative singular)
Micronēsiae (genitive singular)
Micronēsiae (dative singular)
Micronēsiam (accusative singular)
Micronēsiā (ablative singular)
Micronēsia (singular vocative)

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania)


Macedonia

Macedonia f sg (genitive Macedoniae); first declension

Macedoniae (genitive)
Macedonia (nominative singular)
Macedoniae (genitive singular)
Macedoniae (dative singular)
Macedoniam (accusative singular)
Macedoniā (ablative singular)
Macedonia (singular vocative)
Macedoniae (locative singular)

[mät͡ʃeˈd̪ɔːniä]

From Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía, “Macedonia”), from μακεδονία (makedonía, “highland”), from μακεδνός (makednós, “high, tall”).


Abdera

la-proper noun

Abdēra n or f (genitive Abdērōrum or Abderae); variously declined, second declension, first declension

Abdēra (canonical feminine neuter)
variously declined (canonical)
Abdērōrum (genitive)
Abderae (genitive)
Abdēra (nominative plural)
Abdērōrum (genitive plural)
Abdērae (genitive plural)
Abdērīs (dative plural)
Abdērae (dative plural)
Abdēra (accusative plural)
Abdēram (accusative plural)
Abdērīs (ablative plural)
Abdērā (ablative plural)
Abdēra (plural vocative)
Abdērīs (locative plural)
Abdērae (locative plural)

la-ndecl

Second declension (neuter plural) or first declension (feminine singular) noun, with locative.

Abdera (an ancient city in Thrace, in modern Greece)

Abdera (a modern municipality of Xanthi, in the administrative region of Thrace, Greece)


Manitoba

la-proper noun

Manitoba f sg (genitive Manitobae); first declension

Manitobae (genitive)
Manitoba (nominative singular)
Manitobae (genitive singular)
Manitobae (dative singular)
Manitobam (accusative singular)
Manitobā (ablative singular)
Manitoba (singular vocative)
Manitobae (locative singular)

[mäˈnɪt̪ɔbä]


Ontario

Ontariō f sg (genitive Ontariōnis); third declension

Ontariō (canonical feminine singular)
Ontariōnis (genitive)
Ontariō (nominative singular)
Ontariōnis (genitive singular)
Ontariōnī (dative singular)
Ontariōnem (accusative singular)
Ontariōne (ablative singular)
Ontariō (singular vocative)
Ontariōnī (locative singular)
Ontariōne (locative singular)


Nova Scotia

Nova Scōtia f sg (genitive Novae Scōtiae); first declension

Nova Scōtia (canonical feminine singular)
Novae Scōtiae (genitive)
Nova Scōtia (nominative singular)
Novae Scōtiae (genitive singular)
Novae Scōtiae (dative singular)
Novam Scōtiam (accusative singular)
Novā Scōtiā (ablative singular)
Nova Scōtia (singular vocative)
Novae Scōtiae (locative singular)

[ˈnɔːvä ˈskɔt̪ː͡s̪iä]


Brasilia

Brasīlia f sg (genitive Brasīliae); first declension

Brasīlia (canonical feminine singular)
Brasīliae (genitive)
Brasīlia (nominative singular)
Brasīliae (genitive singular)
Brasīliae (dative singular)
Brasīliam (accusative singular)
Brasīliā (ablative singular)
Brasīlia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Africa

Āfrica f sg (genitive Āfricae); first declension

Āfrica (canonical feminine singular)
Āfricae (genitive)
Āfrica (nominative singular)
Āfricae (genitive singular)
Āfricae (dative singular)
Āfricam (accusative singular)
Āfricā (ablative singular)
Āfrica (singular vocative)

→ Corsican: Africa

→ English: Africa

Tok Pisin: Afrika

→ Malay: Afrika

→ Italian: Africa

→ Old French: Affrique

French: Afrique

Norman: Afrique

→ Romanian: Africa

Feminine of āfricus/Āfricus, as a noun elliptic of terra āfrica/Āfrica (literally “the land of the Afri”). The adjective Āfricus comes from the name of the Āfrī (singular Āfer), a tribal people of the area near Carthage, by addition of the suffix -icus. The Latin term formed alongside Greek ἡ Ἀφρική (hē Aphrikḗ), both terms being attested since the first century.

Africa (a province of the Roman Empire) (later split into Africa Zeugitana and Africa Byzacena under Diocletian)

Si probare possemus Ligarium in Āfricā omnino non fuisse.

If we could prove that Ligarius was not at all in Africa.

Africa as a continent, understood as the quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean


Antarctica

Antarctica f sg (genitive Antarcticae); first declension

Antarcticae (genitive)
Antarctica (nominative singular)
Antarcticae (genitive singular)
Antarcticae (dative singular)
Antarcticam (accusative singular)
Antarcticā (ablative singular)
Antarctica (singular vocative)

[än̪ˈt̪ärkt̪ɪkä]


Oceania

Ōceania f sg (genitive Ōceaniae); first declension

Ōceania (canonical feminine singular)
Ōceaniae (genitive)
Ōceania (nominative singular)
Ōceaniae (genitive singular)
Ōceaniae (dative singular)
Ōceaniam (accusative singular)
Ōceaniā (ablative singular)
Ōceania (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Oceania (a geographical region or continent in the Pacific Ocean)


Asia

Ā̆sia f sg (genitive Ā̆siae); first declension

Ā̆sia (canonical feminine singular)
Ā̆siae (genitive)
Ā̆sia (nominative singular)
Ā̆siae (genitive singular)
Ā̆siae (dative singular)
Ā̆siam (accusative singular)
Ā̆siā (ablative singular)
Ā̆sia (singular vocative)

→ Middle English: Asia, Asie (also via Old French)

English: Asia

→ Old French: Asie

French: Asie


mare

la-noun

mare n (genitive maris); third declension

maris (genitive)
mare (nominative singular)
maria (nominative plural)
maris (genitive singular)
marium (genitive plural)
marum (genitive plural)
marī (dative singular)
maribus (dative plural)
mare (accusative singular)
maria (accusative plural)
marī (ablative singular)
mare (ablative singular)
maribus (ablative plural)
mare (singular vocative)
maria (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: amari, amare, mari

Istro-Romanian: måre

Megleno-Romanian: mari

Romanian: mare f

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: mèr

Ligurian: mâ, mà

Lombard: mar

Piedmontese: mar

Romagnol: mêr

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: mare

Dalmatian: mur

Gallurese: mari

Istriot: mare

Italian: mare

Neapolitan: mare

Sardinian: mare, mari

Sassarese: mari

Sicilian: mari

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: mar

desctree

Old French: mer f
French: mer
Antillean Creole: lanmè
Haitian Creole: lanmè
→ Volapük: mel
Norman: mé (Jersey)
Walloon: mer

Old Leonese: *mar

Asturian: mar

Extremaduran: mari

Mirandese: mar

Old Occitan: mar

Catalan: mar m or f

Occitan: mar

Old Galician-Portuguese: mar m, mare
Galician: mar m
Portuguese: mar m (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: mar

Ladino: mar

Spanish: mar m or f
→ Aymara: lamara
→ Classical Nahuatl: láma̱r
→ Papiamentu: lama, laman

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: mâr

Romansch: mar, mer

Venetan: mar

→ English: mare

→ Esperanto: maro
Ido: maro

→ Interlingua: mar

Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Italic language
la:mare

From Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Neptunum regnatorem marum

c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Bellum Punicum, (fragment in Priscian, Institutiones Grammaticae, 7, De genetivo plurali tertiae declinationis)

[facit...] ad onera ac multitudinem iumentorum transportandam paulo latiores quam quibus in reliquis utimur maribus.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.1

In order to transport cargo and beasts of burden, he [Julius Caesar] had them made a little wider than the ones we use in other seas.

Et oportet ut alienentur cornute et varie et aspides declines ad albedinem. Et non capiantur ex piscinis vel litoribus fluviorum et aquarum vel marium, vel de petrosis, quoniam in eis sunt quercine, facientes sitim, immo capiantur in loco longinquo ab humorositate.

13th c., Roger Bacon, Secretum Secretorum 2.29 (De preparacione carnum viperarum sive serpentum et draconum)

a marī usque ad mare

1921, Joseph Pope, George Monro Grant, Canada's official motto


Czechia

la-proper noun

Czechia f sg (genitive Czechiae); first declension

Czechiae (genitive)
Czechia (nominative singular)
Czechiae (genitive singular)
Czechiae (dative singular)
Czechiam (accusative singular)
Czechiā (ablative singular)
Czechia (singular vocative)
Czechiae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Hellas

Hellas f sg (genitive Helladis); third declension

Helladis (genitive)
Hellas (nominative singular)
Helladis (genitive singular)
Helladī (dative singular)
Helladem (accusative singular)
Hellade (ablative singular)
Hellas (singular vocative)

→ French: Hellade

→ Portuguese: Hélade

→ Spanish: Hélade

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás).

bor+

Modo, inquam, Hellade percussa Marius cum praecipitat se cerritus fuit?

The other day, for instance, when Marius killed Hellas and then flung himself headlong, was he crazy?


California

la-proper noun

California f sg (genitive Californiae); first declension

Californiae (genitive)
California (nominative singular)
Californiae (genitive singular)
Californiae (dative singular)
Californiam (accusative singular)
Californiā (ablative singular)
California (singular vocative)

New Latin, borrowed from Spanish California.

California regiō magna est.


Scandinavia

Scandināvia f sg (genitive Scandināviae); first declension

Scandināvia (canonical feminine singular)
Scandināviae (genitive)
Scandināvia (nominative singular)
Scandināviae (genitive singular)
Scandināviae (dative singular)
Scandināviam (accusative singular)
Scandināviā (ablative singular)
Scandināvia (singular vocative)
Scandināviae (locative singular)

English: Scandinavia

[s̠kän̪d̪ɪˈnäːu̯iä]

From Proto-Germanic *Skadinawjō (“Scadia island”), from *awjō (“island”).

der

a large and fertile island in Northern Europe, perhaps Zealand or Scania


Phocis

la-proper noun

Phōcis f sg (genitive Phōcidis); third declension

Phōcis (canonical feminine singular)
Phōcidis (genitive)
Phōcis (nominative singular)
Phōcidis (genitive singular)
Phōcidī (dative singular)
Phōcidem (accusative singular)
Phōcide (ablative singular)
Phōcis (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φωκίς (Phōkís).


Pella

Pella f sg (genitive Pellae); first declension

Pellae (genitive)
Pella (nominative singular)
Pellae (genitive singular)
Pellae (dative singular)
Pellam (accusative singular)
Pellā (ablative singular)
Pella (singular vocative)
Pellae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πέλλα (Pélla).


Florida

Flōrida f sg (genitive Flōridae); first declension

Flōrida (canonical feminine singular)
Flōridae (genitive)
Flōrida (nominative singular)
Flōridae (genitive singular)
Flōridae (dative singular)
Flōridam (accusative singular)
Flōridā (ablative singular)
Flōrida (singular vocative)
Flōridae (locative singular)

[ˈfɫ̪oːrɪd̪ä]


Melanesia

Melānēsia f sg (genitive Melānēsiae); first declension

Melānēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Melānēsiae (genitive)
Melānēsia (nominative singular)
Melānēsiae (genitive singular)
Melānēsiae (dative singular)
Melānēsiam (accusative singular)
Melānēsiā (ablative singular)
Melānēsia (singular vocative)
Melānēsiae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Melanesia (a region of Oceania)


Philadelphia

Philadelphīa f sg (genitive Philadelphīae); first declension

Philadelphīa (canonical feminine singular)
Philadelphīae (genitive)
Philadelphīa (nominative singular)
Philadelphīae (genitive singular)
Philadelphīae (dative singular)
Philadelphīam (accusative singular)
Philadelphīā (ablative singular)
Philadelphīa (singular vocative)
Philadelphīae (locative singular)

[pʰɪɫ̪äd̪ɛɫ̪ˈpʰiːä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φιλαδέλφεια (Philadélpheia).

bor

(historical) Philadelphia (ancient Greek city in the Decapolis in modern Jordan; modern Amman)

(historical) Philadelphia (ancient Greek city in Lydia in modern Turkey; modern Alaşehir)

(New Latin) Philadelphia (the largest city in Pennsylvania, United States).


Polynesia

la-proper noun

Polynēsia f sg (genitive Polynēsiae); first declension

Polynēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Polynēsiae (genitive)
Polynēsia (nominative singular)
Polynēsiae (genitive singular)
Polynēsiae (dative singular)
Polynēsiam (accusative singular)
Polynēsiā (ablative singular)
Polynēsia (singular vocative)
Polynēsiae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Polynesia (a region of Oceania)


Sardinia

Sardinia f sg (genitive Sardiniae); first declension

Sardiniae (genitive)
Sardinia (nominative singular)
Sardiniae (genitive singular)
Sardiniae (dative singular)
Sardiniam (accusative singular)
Sardiniā (ablative singular)
Sardinia (singular vocative)
Sardiniae (locative singular)

Catalan: Sardenya

desctree

Italian: Sardegna, Sardigna (archaic; e.g. Dante)
→ French: Sardaigne
→ Sardinian: Sardigna

Spanish: Cerdeña

Portuguese: Sardenha

→ English: Sardinia

→ German: Sardinien

→ Greek: Σαρδηνία (Sardinía)

→ Polish: Sardynia

→ Romanian: Sardinia

→ Russian: Сарди́ния (Sardínija)

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Siberia

la-proper noun

Siberia f sg (genitive Siberiae); first declension

Siberiae (genitive)
Siberia (nominative singular)
Siberiae (genitive singular)
Siberiae (dative singular)
Siberiam (accusative singular)
Siberiā (ablative singular)
Siberia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Siberia (the region of Russia in Asia)


Verona

Vērōna f sg (genitive Vērōnae); first declension

Vērōna (canonical feminine singular)
Vērōnae (genitive)
Vērōna (nominative singular)
Vērōnae (genitive singular)
Vērōnae (dative singular)
Vērōnam (accusative singular)
Vērōnā (ablative singular)
Vērōna (singular vocative)
Vērōnae (locative singular)

Celtic name *Vernomago, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (“alder”) + *magos (“field”).

Alia subinde manus Cenomanorum Etitovio duce vestigia priorum secuta eodem saltu favente Belloveso cum transcendisset Alpes, ubi nunc Brixia ac Verona urbes sunt locos tenuere.
Presently another band, consisting of Cenomani led by Etitovius, followed in the tracks of the earlier emigrants; and having, with the approval of Bellovesus, crossed the Alps by the same pass, established themselves where the cities of Brixia and Verona are-now. ― translation from: Benjamin Oliver Foster, The History of Early Rome (1919), pages 119–121

27–25 BC, Titus Livius Patavinus, Ab Urbe Condita Libri, book V, chapter xxxv

Transpadane Gaul
Transpadane Gaul#English

Verona (a city in Transpadane Gaul, the birthplace of the poet Catullus and of Pliny the Elder)


Virginia

Virginia f sg (genitive Virginiae); first declension

Virginiae (genitive)
Virginia (nominative singular)
Virginiae (genitive singular)
Virginiae (dative singular)
Virginiam (accusative singular)
Virginiā (ablative singular)
Virginia (singular vocative)
Virginiae (locative singular)

[u̯ɪrˈɡɪniä]

From earlier Verginia, feminine form of Verginius, a Roman family name, possibly identical with Vergilius. Altered in spelling possibly by folk etymology association with virgō (“maiden, virgin”).

(New Latin) Virginia (a state of the United States)


Vienna

Vienna f sg (genitive Viennae); first declension

Viennae (genitive)
Vienna (nominative singular)
Viennae (genitive singular)
Viennae (dative singular)
Viennam (accusative singular)
Viennā (ablative singular)
Vienna (singular vocative)
Viennae (locative singular)

Named after the Vienne river, of uncertain origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to pursue, reach towards”). However, other roots are possible.

der

a city of the Allobroges in Gallia Narbonensis, now Vienne


Apulia

la-proper noun

Āpūlia f sg (genitive Āpūliae); first declension

Āpūlia (canonical feminine singular)
Āpūliae (genitive)
Āpūlia (nominative singular)
Āpūliae (genitive singular)
Āpūliae (dative singular)
Āpūliam (accusative singular)
Āpūliā (ablative singular)
Āpūlia (singular vocative)

Italian: Puglia

[äːˈpuːlʲiä]

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water”).

A former province in lower Italy, to the north of Calabria and east of Samnium, now Italian Puglia

administrative region
administrative region

(New Latin) Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


Calabria

Calabria f sg (genitive Calabriae); first declension

Calabriae (genitive)
Calabria (nominative singular)
Calabriae (genitive singular)
Calabriae (dative singular)
Calabriam (accusative singular)
Calabriā (ablative singular)
Calabria (singular vocative)
Calabriae (locative singular)

[käˈɫ̪äbriä]

From the oblique stem calabr- of the ethnonym calaber, likely of Pre-Roman origin.

(historical) A region of Italy, roughly corresponding to today's Southern Apulia

(New Latin) Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


Campania

Campānia f sg (genitive Campāniae); first declension

Campānia (canonical feminine singular)
Campāniae (genitive)
Campānia (nominative singular)
Campāniae (genitive singular)
Campāniae (dative singular)
Campāniam (accusative singular)
Campāniā (ablative singular)
Campānia (singular vocative)
Campāniae (locative singular)

From campus (“open or flat space; plain”).

(New Latin) Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)

(New Latin) Champagne (a region and former province of France, the terroir of the wine champagne; now part of Grand Est)


Latium

Latium n sg (genitive Latiī or Latī); second declension

Latiī (genitive)
Latī (genitive)
Latium (nominative singular)
Latiī (genitive singular)
Latī (genitive singular)
Latiō (dative singular)
Latium (accusative singular)
Latiō (ablative singular)
Latium (singular vocative)
Latiī (locative singular)

Asturian: Lacio

Catalan: Laci

Franco-Provençal: Lacion

Friulian: Lazi

Galician: Lacio

Italian: Lazio

Ligurian: Lassio

Lombard: Làsio

Neapolitan: Lazzio

Occitan: Laci

Piedmontese: Lassio

Portuguese: Lácio

Sardinian: Làtziu

Sicilian: Lazziu

Spanish: Lacio

Venetan: Łasio

[ˈɫ̪ät̪iʊ̃ˑ]

Uncertain: Probably a loanword from an ancient, non-Indo-European substrate language, possibly Etruscan or a related language, but it has also been linked to lātus (“wide”), a reference to the flat land, or latus (“side”), being on the central-west side of the Italian peninsula.

(historical) Latium (a historical region of central Italy, in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire)


Caserta

Casērta f sg (genitive Casērtae); first declension

Casērta (canonical feminine singular)
Casērtae (genitive)
Casērta (nominative singular)
Casērtae (genitive singular)
Casērtae (dative singular)
Casērtam (accusative singular)
Casērtā (ablative singular)
Casērta (singular vocative)
Casērtae (locative singular)

[käˈs̬ɛrt̪ä]


Cremona

Cremōna f sg (genitive Cremōnae); first declension

Cremōna (canonical feminine singular)
Cremōnae (genitive)
Cremōna (nominative singular)
Cremōnae (genitive singular)
Cremōnae (dative singular)
Cremōnam (accusative singular)
Cremōnā (ablative singular)
Cremōna (singular vocative)
Cremōnae (locative singular)


Imperia

Imperia f sg (genitive Imperiae); first declension

Imperiae (genitive)
Imperia (nominative singular)
Imperiae (genitive singular)
Imperiae (dative singular)
Imperiam (accusative singular)
Imperiā (ablative singular)
Imperia (singular vocative)
Imperiae (locative singular)

Latinization of Italian Imperia, named after the Impero river crossing the city founded by joining Porto Maurizio and Oneglia in 1923.

(Contemporary Latin) Imperia (a town in Liguria, Italy)


Macerata

Mācerāta f sg (genitive Mācerātae); first declension

Mācerāta (canonical feminine singular)
Mācerātae (genitive)
Mācerāta (nominative singular)
Mācerātae (genitive singular)
Mācerātae (dative singular)
Mācerātam (accusative singular)
Mācerātā (ablative singular)
Mācerāta (singular vocative)
Mācerātae (locative singular)

[mät͡ʃeˈräːt̪ä]

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Macerata (a town in Marche, Italy)


Ravenna

Ravenna f sg (genitive Ravennae); first declension

Ravennae (genitive)
Ravenna (nominative singular)
Ravennae (genitive singular)
Ravennae (dative singular)
Ravennam (accusative singular)
Ravennā (ablative singular)
Ravenna (singular vocative)
Ravennae (locative singular)

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥᾰ́βεννᾰ (Rhắbennă)

Italian: Ravenna

→ English: Ravenna

→ French: Ravenne


Vibo Valentia

Vibō Valentia f sg (genitive Vibōnis Valentiae); variously declined, third declension, first declension

Vibō Valentia (canonical feminine singular)
variously declined (canonical)
Vibōnis Valentiae (genitive)
Vibō Valentia (nominative singular)
Vibōnis Valentiae (genitive singular)
Vibōnī Valentiae (dative singular)
Vibōnem Valentiam (accusative singular)
Vibōne Valentiā (ablative singular)
Vibō Valentia (singular vocative)
Vibōnī Valentiae (locative singular)
Vibōne Valentiae (locative singular)

[ˈu̯ɪboː u̯äˈɫ̪ɛn̪t̪iä]

Latinization of Italian Vibo Valentia, itself a Classicalizing compound of the Latin names Vibō and Valentia. The former name of the city, in Italian Monteleone, was Mons Leōnis

Ipsius verò Vibonis Valentiæ totus murorum ambitus, secundum Mazzella in historia Regni, & Capialbum de Monteleone, ad octo mill. pass. colligit, […]

1710, Giuseppe Bisogni de Gatti, Hipponii, seu Vibonis Valentiae, vel Montisleonis, page 58:

1878, Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, Sylloge inscriptionum Oscarum ad archetyporum et librorum fidem, page 106

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

nota in nummis Bruttiorum oppidi Vibonis Valentiae quod nunc Monteleone vocatur posita.

Inventa prope Vibonis Valentiae portum a. 1835, nunc cum aliis in meo museo adservatur CAP.

1890, Inscriptiones Graecae: Inscriptiones Italiae et Siciliae ..., page 156

(Contemporary Latin) Vibo Valentia (a town in Calabria, Italy)


Epirus

Ēpīrus f sg (genitive Ēpīrī); second declension

Ēpīrus (canonical feminine singular)
Ēpīrī (genitive)
Ēpīrus (nominative singular)
Ēpīrī (genitive singular)
Ēpīrō (dative singular)
Ēpīrum (accusative singular)
Ēpīrō (ablative singular)
Ēpīre (singular vocative)

Epirus (region and historical kingdom in modern Albania and Greece)


Argolis

Argolis f sg (genitive Argolidis); third declension

Argolidis (genitive)
Argolis (nominative singular)
Argolidis (genitive singular)
Argolidī (dative singular)
Argolidem (accusative singular)
Argolide (ablative singular)
Argolis (singular vocative)

[ˈärɡɔlʲɪs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀργολίς (Argolís).


Larissa

Lārissa f sg (genitive Lārissae); first declension

Lārissa (canonical feminine singular)
Lārissae (genitive)
Lārissa (nominative singular)
Lārissae (genitive singular)
Lārissae (dative singular)
Lārissam (accusative singular)
Lārissā (ablative singular)
Lārissa (singular vocative)
Lārissae (locative singular)

[ɫ̪äːˈrɪs̠ːä]


insula

la-noun

īnsula f (genitive īnsulae); first declension

īnsula (canonical feminine)
īnsulae (genitive)
īnsula (nominative singular)
īnsulae (nominative plural)
īnsulae (genitive singular)
īnsulārum (genitive plural)
īnsulae (dative singular)
īnsulīs (dative plural)
īnsulam (accusative singular)
īnsulās (accusative plural)
īnsulā (ablative singular)
īnsulīs (ablative plural)
īnsula (singular vocative)
īnsulae (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: inssoa, insoa, insua
Galician: insua
Portuguese: ínsua

Rhaeto-Romance:

Romansch: insla

Corsican: isula

Emilian: îsla

Franco-Provençal: ila

Italian: isola

Lombard: isla

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: isla

Old French: isle
Middle French: isle
French: île (see there for further descendants)
Norman: île
Walloon: iye
→ Middle English: yle, ile
English: isle

Neapolitan: isule

Old Catalan: illa

Catalan: illa

Old Occitan: illa, ilha, isla

Occitan: iscla, illa

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: illa, ilha
Galician: illa
Portuguese: ilha (see there for further descendants)
→ Leonese: illa
→ Mirandese: ilha

Old Spanish: isla

Ladino: ísla, ízla

Spanish: isla (see there for further descendants)

→ Asturian: islla, isla

→ Extremaduran: isla

desc

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: ysla, yslla, yslha

Piedmontese: isla

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: isule, ìsule

Sardinian: isula

Sicilian: ìsula

Venetan: ixoła, ixola

→ Albanian: ishull

→ English: insula (learned)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *insulā (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: ínsula

→ Romanian: insulă

→ Spanish: ínsula

From Proto-Italic *enselā, of uncertain origin. The relation to similar forms such as Ancient Greek νῆσος (nêsos, “island”) and Proto-Celtic *enistī (“island”) (whence Breton enez, Irish inis and Welsh ynys) is unclear.
Pokorny (1959) tentatively connects it to salum (“the sea”): he posits ellipsis from terra in salō (“land in the sea”) to in (“in”) + salō, invoking the similar Ancient Greek word ἔναλος (énalos, “maritime”). De Vaan considers this derivation phonetically solid, though semantically vague and unlikely. For an alternative he offers a connection of *-sul- to Proto-Indo-European *solh₂- (“place, ground”) as in solum; compare Lithuanian salà (“island”). Perhaps instead of foreign or substrate origin.

der

insula, a residential or apartment block (usually for the lower class), tenement, apartment building


Ostia

la-proper noun

Ōstia f sg (genitive Ōstiae); first declension

Ōstia (canonical feminine singular)
Ōstiae (genitive)
Ōstia (nominative singular)
Ōstiae (genitive singular)
Ōstiae (dative singular)
Ōstiam (accusative singular)
Ōstiā (ablative singular)
Ōstia (singular vocative)
Ōstiae (locative singular)

English: Ostia

Cebuano: Ostia

Italian: Ostia

(historical) Ostia; A town and port in Italia, Roman Empire


Edessa

Edessa f sg (genitive Edessae); first declension

Edessae (genitive)
Edessa (nominative singular)
Edessae (genitive singular)
Edessae (dative singular)
Edessam (accusative singular)
Edessā (ablative singular)
Edessa (singular vocative)
Edessae (locative singular)

Catalan: Edessa

English: Edessa


Formosa

Formosa f sg (genitive Formosae); first declension

Formosae (genitive)
Fōrmōsa (nominative singular)
Fōrmōsae (genitive singular)
Fōrmōsae (dative singular)
Fōrmōsam (accusative singular)
Fōrmōsā (ablative singular)
Fōrmōsa (singular vocative)
Fōrmōsae (locative singular)

From Portuguese Ilha Formosa (“Beautiful Island”). Equivalent to a clipping of Isla Formosa.

bor

(New Latin) Taiwan (an island in East Asia)

(New Latin) Synonym of Taivania, Taiwan (a country in East Asia)


Montana

la-proper noun

Montāna f sg (genitive Montānae); first declension

Montāna (canonical feminine singular)
Montānae (genitive)
Montāna (nominative singular)
Montānae (genitive singular)
Montānae (dative singular)
Montānam (accusative singular)
Montānā (ablative singular)
Montāna (singular vocative)
Montānae (locative singular)

[mɔn̪ˈt̪äːnä]


Acheron

Acherōn m sg (genitive Acherontis); third declension

Acherōn (canonical masculine singular)
Acherontis (genitive)
Acherōn (nominative singular)
Acherontis (genitive singular)
Acherontī (dative singular)
Acherontem (accusative singular)
Acheronte (ablative singular)
Acherōn (singular vocative)

English: Acheron

French: Achéron

Italian: Acheronte

Portuguese: Aqueronte

Spanish: Aqueronte

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀχέρων (Akhérōn), from ὁ ἄχεα ῥέων (ho ákhea rhéōn, “the stream of woe”).


Andros

Andros f sg (genitive Andrī); second declension

Andrī (genitive)
Andros (nominative singular)
Andrī (genitive singular)
Andrō (dative singular)
Andron (accusative singular)
Andrō (ablative singular)
Andre (singular vocative)

[ˈän̪d̪rɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄνδρος (Ándros).


Delos

Dēlos f sg (genitive Dēlī); second declension

Dēlos (canonical feminine singular)
Dēlī (genitive)
Dēlos (nominative singular)
Dēlī (genitive singular)
Dēlō (dative singular)
Dēlon (accusative singular)
Dēlō (ablative singular)
Dēle (singular vocative)

→ English: Delos

→ French: Délos

Italian: Delo


Mytilene

Mytilēnē f sg (genitive Mytilēnēs); first declension

Mytilēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Mytilēnēs (genitive)
Mytilēnē (nominative singular)
Mytilēnēs (genitive singular)
Mytilēnae (dative singular)
Mytilēnēn (accusative singular)
Mytilēnē (ablative singular)
Mytilēnē (singular vocative)
Mytilēnae (locative singular)

[mʏt̪ɪˈɫ̪eːneː]


Chios

Chios f sg (genitive Chiī); second declension

Chiī (genitive)
Chios (nominative singular)
Chiī (genitive singular)
Chiō (dative singular)
Chion (accusative singular)
Chiō (ablative singular)
Chie (singular vocative)
Chiī (locative singular)

English: Chios

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χῐ́ος (Khĭ́os).

Chios (an island in the eastern Aegean Sea in Greece)


Delphi

Delphī m pl (genitive Delphōrum); second declension

Delphī (canonical masculine plural)
Delphōrum (genitive)
Delphī (nominative plural)
Delphōrum (genitive plural)
Delphīs (dative plural)
Delphōs (accusative plural)
Delphīs (ablative plural)
Delphī (plural vocative)
Delphīs (locative plural)

Italian: Delfi

[ˈd̪ɛɫ̪pʰiː]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Δελφοί (Delphoí, “Delphi”).


Lamia

la-proper noun

Lamia f sg (genitive Lamiae); first declension

Lamiae (genitive)
Lamia (nominative singular)
Lamiae (genitive singular)
Lamiae (dative singular)
Lamiam (accusative singular)
Lamiā (ablative singular)
Lamia (singular vocative)
Lamiae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λαμία (Lamía).

A city of Phthiotis, Greece, situated on a plain


urbs

la-noun

urbs f (genitive urbis); third declension

urbis (genitive)
urbs (nominative singular)
urbēs (nominative plural)
urbīs (nominative plural)
urbis (genitive singular)
urbium (genitive plural)
urbī (dative singular)
urbibus (dative plural)
urbem (accusative singular)
urbīs (accusative plural)
urbēs (accusative plural)
urbe (ablative singular)
urbibus (ablative plural)
urbs (singular vocative)
urbēs (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Old Lombard: orba (“Rome”)

Borrowed:

→ Esperanto: urbo

→ Ido: urbo

→ Italian: urbe, Urbe

→ Portuguese: urbe

→ Romanian: urbe

→ Spanish: urbe

Uncertain.
* From Proto-Italic *worβis, from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ- (“to enclose”) (compare Umbrian 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄 (uerfale, “area for taking auspices”), Hittite [script needed] (warpa-, “enclosure”), Tocharian A warpi (“garden”), Tocharian B werwiye (“garden”)).
* Derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos (“city”) (from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”), whence e.g. Hittite [script needed] (gurtas, “citadel”) Sanskrit गृह (gṛhá, “house”), English yard) has been proposed, but suffers from irregularities; *horbus would be rather expected.

cog

Ab urbe condita.

Urbi et orbi.

Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.7

When it was reported to Caesar that they were attempting to march through our province he hastened to set out from the City, and, by as great marches as he could, proceeded to Further Gaul, and arrived at Geneva.


Venetia

la-proper noun

Venetia f sg (genitive Venetiae); first declension

Venetiae (genitive)
Venetia (nominative singular)
Venetiae (genitive singular)
Venetiae (dative singular)
Venetiam (accusative singular)
Venetiā (ablative singular)
Venetia (singular vocative)
Venetiae (locative singular)

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: Venêzia

Ligurian: Venessia

Lombard: Venèzia

Piedmontese: Venessia

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: Venezia

Italian: Venezia

Greek: Βενέτσια (Venétsia)

Neapolitan: Venezia

Sicilian: Vinezzia

Old French: Venise

Middle French: Venisse

French: Venise
→ Vietnamese: Vơ-ni-dơ

Norman: V'nise, Venise

Picard: Venise

desctree

→ Middle English: Venyse, Venys, Venyce, Venice, Venise, Venecia
English: Venice (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Venis, Venise, Veneis, Venice

Old Occitan:

Catalan: Venècia

Occitan: Venècia

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: Vignesie

Ladin: Unieja

Romansch: Vaniescha, Venezia

Sardinian: Venetzia

desc

Venetan: Venesia, Venèsia, Venexia, Venèxia, Venèzsia, Venezsia

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: Venecia

Portuguese: Veneza

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Venecia

→ Greek: Βενετία (Venetía)

→ Irish: Veinéis

→ Romanian: Veneția

→ Russian: Венеция (Venecija) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Slovene: Benetke
→ Czech: Benátky
→ Slovak: Benátky

[u̯ɛˈnɛt̪iä]

From Venetī + -ia (suffix forming place names).

suffix

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Venice (a city and former polity in northeastern Italy)


Syracusae

la-proper noun

Syrācūsae f pl (genitive Syrācūsārum); first declension

Syrācūsae (canonical feminine plural)
Syrācūsārum (genitive)
Syrācūsae (nominative plural)
Syrācūsārum (genitive plural)
Syrācūsīs (dative plural)
Syrācūsās (accusative plural)
Syrācūsīs (ablative plural)
Syrācūsae (plural vocative)
Syrācūsīs (locative plural)

→ English: Syracuse

Italian: Siracusa

Sicilian: Saragusa

[s̠ʏräːˈkuːs̠äe̯]

From Ancient Greek Συρᾱ́κουσαι (Surā́kousai).


Nineve

Nīnevē f sg (genitive Nīnevēs); first declension

Nīnevē (canonical feminine singular)
Nīnevēs (genitive)
Nīnevē (nominative singular)
Nīnevēs (genitive singular)
Nīnevēs (dative singular)
Nīnevēn (accusative singular)
Nīnevē (ablative singular)
Nīnevē (singular vocative)
Nīnevae (locative singular)


libra

la-noun

lībra f (genitive lībrae); first declension

lībra (canonical feminine)
lībrae (genitive)
lībra (nominative singular)
lībrae (nominative plural)
lībrae (genitive singular)
lībrārum (genitive plural)
lībrae (dative singular)
lībrīs (dative plural)
lībram (accusative singular)
lībrās (accusative plural)
lībrā (ablative singular)
lībrīs (ablative plural)
lībra (singular vocative)
lībrae (plural vocative)

Catalan: lliura

desctree

Old French: livre m
Middle French: livre
French: livre
Norman: livre

Galician: libra

Italian: libra, libbra, lira

→ Catalan: lira

→ Czech: lira

→ Danish: lire

→ Faroese: liri

→ English: lira

→ Finnish: liira

→ German: Lira

→ Galician: lira

→ Maori: rira

→ Malay: lira

→ Maltese: lira

→ Norwegian: lira

→ Portuguese: lira

→ Serbo-Croatian: lira

→ Spanish: lira

→ Turkish: lira

Piedmontese: livra

Portuguese: libra

Romanian: livră

Spanish: libra

→ Tagalog: libra

Of uncertain origin. The word's original form was something like Proto-Italic *līðrā, *leiðrā (“pound”), surviving also in Ancient Greek λίτρα (lítra), whence English liter.
Weiss derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to pour”) suffixed with the instrumental/resultative suffix *-dʰrom, under the assumption that the term originally meant "pouring (of metal)" before evolving to mean a unit of weight. In this case, then cognate with Proto-Slavic *lìti (“to pour”), Proto-Celtic *liyeti (“to flow”), Ancient Greek λείβω (leíbō, “to pour”), Lithuanian líeti (“to let flow”).

(historical) libra, Roman pound, a Roman unit of mass, equivalent to about 327 g

level, a tool used to check surfaces for horizontal and vertical alignment

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various units of mass derived from or roughly equivalent to the Roman libra

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) pound, any of various currencies derived from the use of pound as a weight in silver


Carthago

la-proper noun

Carthāgō f sg (genitive Carthāginis); third declension

Carthāgō (canonical feminine singular)
Carthāginis (genitive)
Carthāgō (nominative singular)
Carthāginis (genitive singular)
Carthāginī (dative singular)
Carthāginem (accusative singular)
Carthāgine (ablative singular)
Carthāgō (singular vocative)
Carthāgine (locative singular)
Carthāginī (locative singular)

→ Dutch: Carthago

→ English: Carthage

→ French: Carthage

→ German: Karthago

→ Italian: Cartagine

→ Portuguese: Cartago

→ Romanian: Cartagina

→ Spanish: Cartago

[kärˈt̪ʰäːɡoː]

[kärˈt̪äːɡo]

From Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt), possibly via Etruscan *𐌂𐌀𐌓𐌈𐌀𐌆𐌀 (*carθaza), from 𐤒𐤓𐤕 (qrt, “city”) + 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (ḥdšt, “new”) as opposed to the colonists' mother city of Tyre. Compare Hebrew קֶרֶת (qeret, “city”), קִרְיָה (kiryah), חָדָשׁ (ḥāḏāš, “new”), Aramaic קַרְתָּא (qartā, “city”), חֲדַתָּא (ḥəḏattā, “new”), Arabic قَرْيَة (qarya, “village”), and Arabic حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ, “new”). Doublet of Carthago Nova, Carchēdōn, and Carthada.

doublet

(historical) Carthage (an ancient city-state and former empire centered on modern Tunisia)

(chiefly historical) Synonym of Carthagenna, Cartagena (a city in Spain)


Londinium

la-proper noun

Londinium n sg (genitive Londiniī or Londinī); second declension

Londiniī (genitive)
Londinī (genitive)
Londinium (nominative singular)
Londiniī (genitive singular)
Londinī (genitive singular)
Londiniō (dative singular)
Londinium (accusative singular)
Londiniō (ablative singular)
Londinium (singular vocative)
Londiniī (locative singular)

→ Ancient Greek: Λονδίνιον (Londínion)

desctree

→ Old English: Lunden, *ᛚᚢᚾᛞᛖᚾ (*lunden)
Middle English: Lunden, London
English: London
Norwegian Bokmål: London
→ Latin: Lundonia
→? Old French: Londres, Londrez
Middle French: Londres
French: Londres (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Londres
Galician: Londres
Portuguese: Londres

→ English: Londinium

→ German: London

Sicilian: Lògnina, Lònnira

[ɫ̪ɔn̪ˈd̪ɪniʊ̃ˑ]

Uncertain, but likely from Proto-Celtic *Londinyom (“place that floods”), from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“heath; wild land”) + *-injo-, a suffix forming specific nouns and found in other Romano-Celtic placenames. Cognate to Proto-Celtic *landā (“low-lying land”), whence Old Irish land, Welsh llan, as well as *londos (“subduing > fierce”, adj.), whence Old Irish lond.
Details
An earlier, more difficult proposal derives it from *Φlowonidonyom, morphologically adapted from a pre-Celtic Indo-European substrate word meaning something like “Boat River, Unfordable River” or “Flooding-River” and made up of Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to flow”) and a disputed *neyd- (“to flow”).
Forms in -don- could be artificial Latinizations modelled after e.g. Old English Wreocen < Latin Viroconium (modern Wroxeter). Appears as Middle Welsh Llundein, Old English Lunden, which may not continue the Classical Latin form, but may continue Late British Latin *Lundeinju if the medial -i- of the original word was short. Cf. Etymology of London.

der

(Classical Latin) Londinium (a city in Britannia, Roman Empire; modern London)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England)


Tarentum

la-proper noun

Tarentum n sg (genitive Tarentī); second declension

Tarentī (genitive)
Tarentum (nominative singular)
Tarentī (genitive singular)
Tarentō (dative singular)
Tarentum (accusative singular)
Tarentō (ablative singular)
Tarentum (singular vocative)
Tarentī (locative singular)

→ English: Tarentum

Italian: Taranto

→ English: Taranto

Sicilian: Tàrantu, Tàrintu

[t̪äˈrɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek Τάρᾱς (Tárās), of uncertain origin but probably Pre-Greek and related to Illyrian *darandos (“oak”).


Athenae

Athēnae f pl (genitive Athēnārum); first declension

Athēnae (canonical feminine plural)
Athēnārum (genitive)
Athēnae (nominative plural)
Athēnārum (genitive plural)
Athēnīs (dative plural)
Athēnās (accusative plural)
Athēnīs (ablative plural)
Athēnae (plural vocative)
Athēnīs (locative plural)

Japanese: アテネ (Atene)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”).

der

[äˈt̪ʰeːnäe̯]


lingua

la-noun

lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension

linguae (genitive)
lingua (nominative singular)
linguae (nominative plural)
linguae (genitive singular)
linguārum (genitive plural)
linguae (dative singular)
linguīs (dative plural)
linguam (accusative singular)
linguās (accusative plural)
linguā (ablative singular)
linguīs (ablative plural)
lingua (singular vocative)
linguae (plural vocative)

Balkano-Romance:

Aromanian: limbã

Istro-Romanian: limbĕ

Megleno-Romanian: limbă

Romanian: limbă

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: lingua

Dalmatian: langa, luanga

Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua

desctree

Italian: lingua, lengua
→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)
→ Maltese: lingwa
→? Sabir: lingua

⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: lengua, lenga

Sicilian: lingua

desc

Venetan: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: lenghe

Ladin: lënga

Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: längua

Ligurian: lengua

Lombard: lengua

Piedmontese: lenga

Romagnol: lèngva

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: lengoua

desctree

Old French: langue, lingue, lengue
Middle French: langue
French: langue (see there for further descendants)
Champenois: laingue
Franc-Comtois: landye
Norman: laungue
Picard: lingue
Poitevin-Saintongeais: lengue
Walloon: linwe

Occitano-Romance:

Old Catalan: lengua

Catalan: llengua

Old Occitan: lengua, lenga
Occitan: lenga
Gascon: lengua
Limousin: linga
Provençal: lengo, lenguo

Ibero-Romance:

desc

Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengoa, lengua, lingoa
Fala: lengua
Galician: lingua
Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)

Old Leonese:

desc

Asturian: llingua, llengua, lluengua (Eastern Asturias), ḷḷingua, ḷḷuinga (Ayer), chingua (Valdés), chengua (Valdés), yuönga (Cabrales)

Extremaduran: luenga

Leonese: llingua

Mirandese: lhéngua

Old Spanish: lengua

Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua

desctree

Spanish: lengua
Chavacano: lengua
Papiamentu: lenga

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ English: lingua

→ Esperanto: lingvo

From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.

Lingua herba nascitur circa fontes.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 24.170

The plant called "tongue" grows around springs.

(transferred sense)
tongue-shaped things:
Ranunculus lingua (a flowering plant)


Thebae

la-proper noun

Thēbae f pl (genitive Thēbārum); first declension

Thēbae (canonical feminine plural)
Thēbārum (genitive)
Thēbae (nominative plural)
Thēbārum (genitive plural)
Thēbīs (dative plural)
Thēbās (accusative plural)
Thēbīs (ablative plural)
Thēbae (plural vocative)
Thēbīs (locative plural)

[ˈt̪ʰeːbäe̯]


Corinthus

Corinthus f sg (genitive Corinthī); second declension

Corinthī (genitive)
Corinthus (nominative singular)
Corinthī (genitive singular)
Corinthō (dative singular)
Corinthum (accusative singular)
Corinthō (ablative singular)
Corinthe (singular vocative)
Corinthī (locative singular)

Catalan: Corint

English: Corinth

French: Corinthe

Galician: Corinto

Italian: Corinto

Portuguese: Corinto

Romanian: Corint

Spanish: Corinto

[kɔˈrɪn̪t̪ʰʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos).


Hispania

Hispānia f sg (genitive Hispāniae); first declension

Hispānia (canonical feminine singular)
Hispāniae (genitive)
Hispānia (nominative singular)
Hispāniae (genitive singular)
Hispāniae (dative singular)
Hispāniam (accusative singular)
Hispāniā (ablative singular)
Hispānia (singular vocative)

Aromanian: Ispania

Asturian: España

Catalan: Espanya

Italian: Spagna
→ Albanian: Spanjë

Occitan: Espanha

Old French: Espaigne (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Espanha, Espanna
Fala: España
Galician: España
Portuguese: Espanha

Old Spanish: Espanna, España
Ladino: Espanya / איספאנייה
Spanish: España (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: Spania

Romansch: Spagna

Sardinian: Ispagna

Sicilian: Spagna

→ Ancient Greek: Ἱσπανία (Hispanía), Σπᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Spānĭ́ā), Ἑσπᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Hespānĭ́ā)
Greek: Ισπανία (Ispanía)
→ Old Georgian: სპანიაჲ (sṗaniay)
⇒ Georgian: ესპანეთი (esṗaneti)

→ Catalan: Hispània

→? Chinese: 西班牙 (Xībānyá)

→ Korean: 서반아 (seobana)

→ Vietnamese: Tây Ban Nha

→ Dutch: Spanje
> Afrikaans: Spanje (inherited)

→ Esperanto: Hispanio

→ Estonian: Hispaania

→ German: Hispanien

→ Ido: Hispania

→ Japanese: イスパニア

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Spania

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Spania

→ Old English: Ispania

→ Old High German: Spānia, Spanna
Middle High German: Spāne, Spange, Spanje
Central Franconian:
Luxembourgish: Spuenien
German: Spanien
→ Hunsrik: Spanje

→ Polish: Hiszpania
→ Ukrainian: Гишпа́нія (Hyšpánija)

→ Portuguese: Hispânia
→ Hindustani:
Urdu: ہَسْپانِیَہ (haspāniya)
→ Japanese: イスパニャ

→ Russian: Испа́ния (Ispánija), Испа́нія (Ispánija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918), (dated) Гишпа́ния (Gišpánija), (dated) Гишпа́нія (Gišpánija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: Իսպանիա (Ispania)
⇒ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: Испани (Ispani)
Mongolian script: ᠢᠰᠫᠠᠨᠢ (ispani)

→ Welsh: Sbaen

Traditionally thought to derive from a Phoenician/Punic name *𐤀𐤉𐤔𐤐𐤍 (*ʾyšpn /*ʔī šap̄ān/, literally “island of the hyrax”), with elements equivalent to Hebrew אִי (ʔī, “island”) and שָׁפָן (šap̄ā́n, “hyrax”), where the Phoenicians would have thought the land's many rabbits to resemble hyraxes. This theory had some currency among Roman authors, and may explain why Hispania is depicted with rabbits on some Roman coins. But later scholars have sometimes doubted this interpretation and proposed other possible Phoenician etyma, like *𐤀𐤉 𐤑𐤐𐤍 (*ʾy ṣpn /*ʔī ṣappūn/, literally “island of the north”).

Eadem aestate in Hispania coortum ingens bellum conciente Ilergete Indibili nulla alia de causa quam per admirationem Scipionis contemptu imperatorum aliorum orto: eum superesse unum ducem Romanis ceteris ab Hannibale interfectis.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita XXIX.1

During this summer an extensive war broke out in Spain at the instigation of Indibilis, whose sole motive was his intense admiration for Scipio which made him think lightly of other commanders. The people looked upon him as the only general the Romans had left to them, all the others having been killed by Hannibal.

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Iberian Peninsula (a peninsula in Southern Europe)

(New Latin) Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


America

la-proper noun

Amerī̆ca f sg (genitive Amerī̆cae); first declension

Amerī̆ca (canonical feminine singular)
Amerī̆cae (genitive)
Amerī̆ca (nominative singular)
Amerī̆cae (genitive singular)
Amerī̆cae (dative singular)
Amerī̆cam (accusative singular)
Amerī̆cā (ablative singular)
Amerī̆ca (singular vocative)

Feminine form of Americus, the Latinized form of the forename of Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512). Amerigo is the Italian form of a Germanic personal name (see Emmerich).
First recorded in 1507 (together with the related term Amerigen) in the Cosmographiae Introductio, apparently written by Matthias Ringmann, in reference to South America; first applied to both North and South America by Mercator in 1538. Amerigen means "land of Amerigo" and derives from Amerigo and gen, the accusative case of Greek gē "earth". America accorded with the feminine names of Asia, Africa, and Europa.


Ruanda

Ruanda f sg (genitive Ruandae); first declension

Ruandae (genitive)
Ruanda (nominative singular)
Ruandae (genitive singular)
Ruandae (dative singular)
Ruandam (accusative singular)
Ruandā (ablative singular)
Ruanda (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Rwanda (a country in East Africa)


Anglia

Anglia f sg (genitive Angliae); first declension

Angliae (genitive)
Anglia (nominative singular)
Angliae (genitive singular)
Angliae (dative singular)
Angliam (accusative singular)
Angliā (ablative singular)
Anglia (singular vocative)

→ Albanian: Angli

→ Armenian: Անգլիա (Anglia)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܲܢܓܠܝܼܵܐ (anglīyā)

→ Belarusian: А́нглія (Ánhlija)

→ Bulgarian: А́нглия (Ánglija)

→ Catalan: Ànglia

→ Czech: Anglie

→ English: Anglia

→ Greek: Αγγλία (Anglía)

אַנְגְּלִיָּה

→ Hebrew: אַנְגְּלִיָּה (ángliya)

→ Hebrew: אַנְגְּלִיָּה (ángliya)

→ Hungarian: Anglia

→ Latvian: Anglija

→ Lithuanian: Anglija

→ Macedonian: Англија (Anglija)

→ Polish: Anglia

→ Romanian: Anglia

desctree

→ Russian: А́нглия (Ánglija), А́нглія (Ánglija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Ingrian: Anglia
→ Eastern Mari: Англий (Angĺij)
→ Mongolian: Англи (Angli)

→ Slovene: Anglija

→ Ukrainian: А́нглія (Ánhlija)

→ Sanskrit: आङ्ग्ल (āṅgla)

Of Germanic origin, but the exact source is unclear:
* From Proto-West Germanic *angī (“narrow”), as in the narrow waters of the area, or
* From Proto-Germanic *angulaz (“hook”), either referring to the shape of the isle or the Angles as a fishing people.
Folk etymology (according to the Gesta Danorum) drew it from the Nordic hero Angul, whose name was supposedly given to the Angles and his brother Dan's to the Danes.
More at Anglia.


Adonis

la-proper noun

Adōnis m sg (genitive Adōnidis); third declension

Adōnis (canonical masculine singular)
Adōnidis (genitive)
Adōnis (nominative singular)
Adōnidis (genitive singular)
Adōnis (genitive singular)
Adōnidī (dative singular)
Adōnidem (accusative singular)
Adōnem (accusative singular)
Adōnim (accusative singular)
Adōnin (accusative singular)
Adōnide (ablative singular)
Adōne (ablative singular)
Adōni (singular vocative)

[äˈd̪oːnɪs̠]

A river in Phoenicia, now the Abraham River


Tigris

Tigris m sg (genitive Tigridis); third declension

Tigridis (genitive)
Tigris (nominative singular)
Tigridis (genitive singular)
Tigridī (dative singular)
Tigridim (accusative singular)
Tigridin (accusative singular)
Tigride (ablative singular)
Tigridī (ablative singular)
Tigris (singular vocative)

English: Tigris

Italian: Tigri

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Tigre, Tigres, Tigris
Galician: Tigris
Portuguese: Tigre, Tígris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τίγρις (Tígris).


Italia

la-proper noun

Ī̆talia f sg (genitive Ī̆taliae); first declension

Ī̆talia (canonical feminine singular)
Ī̆taliae (genitive)
Ī̆talia (nominative singular)
Ī̆taliae (genitive singular)
Ī̆taliae (dative singular)
Ī̆taliam (accusative singular)
Ī̆taliā (ablative singular)
Ī̆talia (singular vocative)

→ Catalan: Itàlia

→ French: Italie

desctree

→ Old Irish: Etáil
Irish: An Iodáil
Manx: Yn Iddaal
Scottish Gaelic: An Eadailt

→ Italian: Italia
→ Arabic: إِيطَالِيَا (ʔīṭāliyā)
→ Japanese: イタリア (Itaria)
→ Korean: 이탈리아 (Itallia)
→ Maltese: Italja
→ Slavomolisano: Litalija
→ Persian: ایتالیا (itâliyâ)

→ Old English: Italia

English: Italy

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Italia, Ytalia, Eytalia
Galician: Italia
Portuguese: Itália (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic:

Old English: Eotol

→ Romanian: Italia

→ Sardinian: Itàlia

→ Sicilian: Italia, Talia, Tàlia

→ Spanish: Italia
→ Tagalog: Italya

→ Welsh: Eidal

[iːˈt̪älʲiä]

Via Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ταλίᾱ (Ītalíā), from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú, “land of bulls”), a name for the southwestern tip of the boot of Italy; usually assumed to be a cognate of vitulus (“calf”).

der

Ītaliam nōn sponte sequor.


Alpes

la-proper noun

Alpēs f pl (genitive Alpium); third declension

Alpēs (canonical feminine plural)
Alpium (genitive)
Alpēs (nominative plural)
Alpium (genitive plural)
Alpibus (dative plural)
Alpēs (accusative plural)
Alpīs (accusative plural)
Alpibus (ablative plural)
Alpēs (plural vocative)
Alpibus (locative plural)

→ Albanian: Alpe

desc

جِبَال اَلْأَلْب

→ Arabic: جِبَال اَلْأَلْب (jibāl al-ʔalb)

→ Armenian: Ալպեր (Alper)

→ Catalan: Alps

desctree

→ Dutch: Alpen
Afrikaans: Alpe
→ Indonesian: Alpen

→ Esperanto: Alpoj

→ French: Alpes
→ Belarusian: А́льпы (Álʹpy)
→ Bulgarian: А́лпи (Álpi)
→ Middle English: Alpes
English: Alps
→ Hindi: ऐल्प्स (ailps)
→ Japanese: アルプス (Arupusu)
→ Urdu: الپس (alps)
→ Macedonian: А́лпи (Álpi)
→ Ottoman Turkish: آلپ (Alp)
→ Ottoman Turkish: آلپلر (Alpler)
Turkish: Alpler
→ Persian: آلپ (âlp)
→ Romanian: Alpi
→ Russian: А́льпы (Álʹpy)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: Алпи
Latin script: Ȃlpe, Alpi (Bosnia, Serbia)

→ German: Alpen

→ Greek: Άλπεις (Álpeis)

→ Hungarian: Alpok, ⇒ alpesi

→ Irish: Alpa

→ Italian: Alpi

→ Norman: Alpes

→ Occitan: Aups, Alps

→ Spanish: Alpes

→ Portuguese: Alpes

Uncertain, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, rise”) or from a non-Indo-European (perhaps pre-Roman Alpine substrate) or Celtic source (compare Proto-Celtic *albiyū f (“alp”) or Scottish Gaelic alp f (“protuberance”)).
Compare Middle High German albe (“high mountain”), whence German Alb (“mountainous area”). Potentially related to Albanus or albus (“white”).

cog

the Alps (a mountain range in Western Europe)


Minnesota

la-proper noun

Minnesōta f sg (genitive Minnesōtae); first declension

Minnesōta (canonical feminine singular)
Minnesōtae (genitive)
Minnesōta (nominative singular)
Minnesōtae (genitive singular)
Minnesōtae (dative singular)
Minnesōtam (accusative singular)
Minnesōtā (ablative singular)
Minnesōta (singular vocative)
Minnesōtae (locative singular)

[mɪnːɛˈs̠oːt̪ä]


Papua

Papua f sg (genitive Papuae); first declension

Papuae (genitive)
Papua (nominative singular)
Papuae (genitive singular)
Papuae (dative singular)
Papuam (accusative singular)
Papuā (ablative singular)
Papua (singular vocative)


fons

la-noun

fōns m (genitive fontis); third declension

fōns (canonical masculine)
fontis (genitive)
fōns (nominative singular)
fontēs (nominative plural)
fontis (genitive singular)
fontium (genitive plural)
fontī (dative singular)
fontibus (dative plural)
fontem (accusative singular)
fontēs (accusative plural)
fontīs (accusative plural)
fonte (ablative singular)
fontibus (ablative plural)
fōns (singular vocative)
fontēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: fuent

Asturian: fonte f, fuente f

Catalan: font f

Extremaduran: fuenti, huenti

Franco-Provençal: font

French: fonts m pl

Italian: fonte f

Leonese: fonte

Mirandese: fuonte f

Occitan: fònt f

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: fonte f, fõte, ffonte
Fala: fonti f
Galician: fonte f
Portuguese: fonte f

Sicilian: funti

Spanish: fuente f

Venetan: fontego

→ Old English: font

Middle English: font

English: font

From Proto-Italic *fontis, from earlier *θontis, from a Proto-Indo-European root cognate with Sanskrit धन्वति (dhanvati, “flows, runs”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰónh₂-ti-s, from *dʰenh₂- (“to flow”). See also Danube.

cog

(poetic, usually in the plural) the water or waters of a river, sea etc.


palus

la-noun

palūs f (genitive palūdis); third declension

palūs (canonical feminine)
palūdis (genitive)
palūs (nominative singular)
palūdēs (nominative plural)
palūdis (genitive singular)
palūdum (genitive plural)
palūdī (dative singular)
palūdibus (dative plural)
palūdem (accusative singular)
palūdēs (accusative plural)
palūde (ablative singular)
palūdibus (ablative plural)
palūs (singular vocative)
palūdēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: palude

North Italian:

Istriot: paloû

Ladin: paluk, palú

Lombard: palut

Piedmontese: palú

desc

Romansch: palieu, paleu, pale, palukt, palü

Venetan: palude

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: palu

French: palud, palus

Norman: palu

Old Gascon: palu

Old Occitan: palut, palus

Borrowings:

→ French: palude

→ Portuguese: palude

→ Romanian: paludă

→ Spanish: palude

Balkan Romance: (with a semantic shift to "forest")

Aromanian: pãduri

Megleno-Romanian: păduri

Romanian: pădure

→ Proto-Albanian: *pëdyll, *pëýll

Albanian: pyll

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: padula

Italian: padule

Neapolitan: padula

Sicilian: padula

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: padule, paule, pauli

North Italian:

Lombard: padum

Old Ligurian: paú

Ligurian: padú (outside influence?)

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: paul

Catalan: Paül (toponym)

Ibero-Romance:

Mozarabic: *padul

→ Spanish: Padul, Padules (southern toponyms)

Navarro-Aragonese: padul

Portuguese: paul

Spanish: paúl

→ Basque: padura, fadura

From Proto-Italic *palūts, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”) (presumably with semantic shift "gray" > "swamp", though this is semantically tenuous). Either way, related to Latvian peļķe (“puddle”), Lithuanian pelkė (“marsh”), Sanskrit पल्वल (palvala, “pool, pond”), and possibly Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, earth, clay”).


palus

la-noun

pālus m (genitive pālī); second declension

pālus (canonical masculine)
pālī (genitive)
pālus (nominative singular)
pālī (nominative plural)
pālī (genitive singular)
pālōrum (genitive plural)
pālō (dative singular)
pālīs (dative plural)
pālum (accusative singular)
pālōs (accusative plural)
pālō (ablative singular)
pālīs (ablative plural)
pāle (singular vocative)
pālī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: par

Romanian: par

Italo-Romance:

Italian: palo

Neapolitan: palo

Sicilian: palu

North Italian:

Friulian: pâl

Piedmontese: pal

Romagnol:

pêl (Ravenna, Cattolica)

pël (San Marino)

pél (Lugo)

Romansch: pal, pêl

Venetan: pało, pal

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: pal

Old French: pal

Middle French: pieu

French: pieu

Anglo-Norman: pel

→ Middle English: peel

English: peel ('stake', obsolete)

→ Middle English: pale

English: pale

Occitan: pal

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: palu

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: pao
Galician: pau
Portuguese: pau (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: palo

Papiamentu: palu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: palu, pau

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: pallë

→ Proto-West Germanic: *pālu (see there for further descendants)

Later borrowings:

→ Dutch: paal

→ English: palus

→ French: pal

→ Polish: pal

From Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ-. See related terms.


silva

la-noun

silva f (genitive silvae); first declension

silvae (genitive)
silva (nominative singular)
silvae (nominative plural)
silvae (genitive singular)
silvārum (genitive plural)
silvae (dative singular)
silvīs (dative plural)
silvam (accusative singular)
silvās (accusative plural)
silvā (ablative singular)
silvīs (ablative plural)
silva (singular vocative)
silvae (plural vocative)

Asturian: selva, silva

Catalan: selva

→ English: silva, sylva

French: sylve

Gallo-italic

Friulian: selve

Romagnol: sèiba, siba, sélva

Galician: silva

Interlingua: silva

Italian: selva

Occitan: selva

desctree

Portuguese: silva, selva
→ English: selva
→ Russian: се́льва (sélʹva)

Romanian: silvă

Spanish: selva
→ Russian: се́льва (sélʹva)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *sel-, *swel- (“firewood, wood, beam, board, frame, threshold”), and compared with Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood, timber”) and Old English syl (“sill, threshold, foundation”). However, De Vaan is implicitly skeptical of this derivation, and leaves the origin open.


spelunca

la-noun

spēlunca f (genitive spēluncae); first declension

spēlunca (canonical feminine)
spēluncae (genitive)
spēlunca (nominative singular)
spēluncae (nominative plural)
spēluncae (genitive singular)
spēluncārum (genitive plural)
spēluncae (dative singular)
spēluncīs (dative plural)
spēluncam (accusative singular)
spēluncās (accusative plural)
spēluncā (ablative singular)
spēluncīs (ablative plural)
spēlunca (singular vocative)
spēluncae (plural vocative)

→ Dutch: spelonk

→ English: spelunk

Franco-Provençal: espèlonca

Old French: espelonche

→ French: spélonque

Galician: espenuca

→ German: Spelunke

Italian: spelonca

Occitan: espelonga

→ Polish: spelunka, speluna

Portuguese: espelunca

Spanish: espelunca

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *spelūca

Catalan: espluga

Occitan: espeluga (Gascon), espeluca (Provençal),

[s̠peːˈɫ̪ʊŋkä]

Sed pater omnipotēns spēluncīs abdidit ātrīs,

But the all-powerful Father [Jupiter] had hidden [the winds] in dark caverns, [because he was] fearing this [destruction], ….


Babylon

la-proper noun

Babylōn f (genitive Babylōnis); third declension

Babylōn (canonical feminine)
Babylōnis (genitive)
Babylōn (nominative singular)
Babylōnēs (nominative plural)
Babylōnis (genitive singular)
Babylōnum (genitive plural)
Babylōnī (dative singular)
Babylōnibus (dative plural)
Babylōnem (accusative singular)
Babylōnēs (accusative plural)
Babylōne (ablative singular)
Babylōnibus (ablative plural)
Babylōn (singular vocative)
Babylōnēs (plural vocative)

[ˈbäbʏɫ̪oːn]

From Ancient Greek Βαβυλών (Babulṓn), from Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim, literally “Gate of God”), the name of the ancient Chaldean capital and Biblical city of the Apocalypse.

der

(historical) Babylon (an ancient city in Mesopotamia, built on the banks of the Euphrates, which was the capital of Babylonia)


Aegyptus

la-proper noun

Aegyptus f sg (genitive Aegyptī); second declension

Aegyptī (genitive)
Aegyptus (nominative singular)
Aegyptī (genitive singular)
Aegyptō (dative singular)
Aegyptum (accusative singular)
Aegyptō (ablative singular)
Aegypte (singular vocative)

Aragonese: Echipto

Asturian: Exiptu

→ Basque: Egipto

Catalan: Egipte

Corsican: Egittu, Eghjittu

→ Czech: Egypt

→ Danish: Ægypten, Egypten

desc

→ Old East Slavic: Егѵпетъ (Jegüpetŭ), Егѵпьтъ (Jegüpĭtŭ)

Old Ruthenian: *Егѵпетъ (*Ehipet), *Єгѵпетъ (*Jehipet), *Еґѵпет (*Egipet), *Єґѵпетъ (*Jegipet)

Belarusian: Егі́пет (Jehípjet), Эгі́пет (Ehípjet)

Carpathian Rusyn: Еґі́пет (Egípet)

Ukrainian: Єги́пет (Jehýpet), Єґи́пет (Jegýpet)

desctree

Russian: Еги́пет (Jegípet), Егѵ́петъ (Jegípet) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kyrgyz: Эгипет (Egipet)
→ Manchu: ᡝᡤᡳᡦᡝᡨ (egipet), ᡝᡤᡳᡦᡨ (egipt)
→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: Египет (Jegipet)
Mongolian script: ᠶᠧᠭᠢᠫᠧᠲ (yēgipēt)

→ Old English: Egypte (see there for further descendants)

→ Esperanto: egipto

Ido: Egiptia

→ Estonian: Egiptus

→ Farefare: Egipto

→ Finnish: Egypti

Old French: Egypte (see there for further descendants)

→ West Frisian: Egypte

Friulian: Egjit

Old Galician-Portuguese: Egipto
Galician: Exipto
Portuguese: Egipto, Egito

→ Hungarian: Egyiptom

→ Interlingua: Egypto

→ Old Irish: Égept
Irish: Éigipt
Manx: Eajipt
Scottish Gaelic: Eiphit

Italian: Egitto

Ladino: Egipt

→ Latvian: Ēģipte

Ligurian: Egitto

→ Lithuanian: Egiptas

→ Middle Dutch: Egypten

Dutch: Egypte
Afrikaans: Egipte
Jersey Dutch: Jâpten

Limburgish: Egypte

Neapolitan: Naggitto

Occitan: Egipte

→ Middle High German:

Alemannic German: Ägypten

Bavarian: Egyptn, Ägyptn, Ägypten

German: Ägypten

Luxembourgish: Egypten

→ Plautdietsch: Äjipten

→ Low German: Egypte, Ägypten

→ Malagasy: Egypta

→ Old Norse: Egiptaland
Faroese: Egyptaland
Icelandic: Egyptaland

→ Norwegian: Egypt

Piedmontese: Egit

→ Polish: Egipt

→ Proto-Brythonic: *ėɣɨft

→ Middle Welsh: Eifft
Welsh: yr Aifft (“Egypt”)

Romansch: Egipta

→ Northern Sami: Egypta

→ Serbo-Croatian: Египат, Egipat

Sicilian: Eggittu

→ Slovak: Egypt

→ Slovene: Egipt

→⇒ Lower Sorbian: Egyptojska

Spanish: Egipto
→ Basque: ijito (“Roma”)
→ Kapampangan: Eyiptu
→ Quechua: Ihiptu
→ Tagalog: Ehipto

→ Swedish: Egypten

[äe̯ˈɡʏpt̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos) (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐁁𐀓𐀠𐀴𐀍 (a3-ku-pi-ti-jo, “Egyptian”)), from Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ (literally “The temple of the ka of Ptah”), referring to Ptah's temple in the important city of Memphis. The Late Egyptian pronunciation is reflected by Akkadian 𒄭𒆪𒌒𒋫𒀪 (ḫi-ku-up-ta-aḫ /ḫikuptaḫ/).

cog

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


lacus

la-noun

lacus m (genitive lacūs); fourth declension

lacūs (genitive)
lacus (nominative singular)
lacūs (nominative plural)
lacūs (genitive singular)
lacuum (genitive plural)
lacuī (dative singular)
lacubus (dative plural)
lacum (accusative singular)
lacūs (accusative plural)
lacū (ablative singular)
lacubus (ablative plural)
lacus (singular vocative)
lacūs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: laco

Aromanian: lac

Asturian: llagu

Kabuverdianu: lagu

Catalan: llac

Dalmatian: lac

Emilian: lèg

Esperanto: lago

Franco-Provençal: lèc

Old French: lai

desctree

→? Old French: lac
Middle French: lac
→ Middle English: lac
French: lac
Norman: lac (Jersey)

Friulian: lâc

Galician: lago

Italian: lago

Ligurian: lâgo

Maltese: lag

Occitan: lac

Papiamentu: lago

Portuguese: lago

Romanian: lac

Romansch: lai

Sardinian: lagu

Sicilian: lacu

Spanish: lago

Venetan: łago

From Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”); the reason for the change to *a is debated, but likely from velarized *[ɫ]. Cognate with Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “cistern, tank, pit”) and Old English lagu (“sea, ocean, flood”). More at lay.

cog

inque cavōs ierant tertia musta lacūs

and three times had the must been poured into the hollow wine-vats
(The Latin word lacus, meaning ‘‘hollow’’ or ‘‘lake’’, also described a container used in ancient winemaking. See also mustum and must.)


Caucasus

la-proper noun

Caucasus m sg (genitive Caucasī); second declension

Caucasī (genitive)
Caucasus (nominative singular)
Caucasī (genitive singular)
Caucasō (dative singular)
Caucasum (accusative singular)
Caucasō (ablative singular)
Caucase (singular vocative)

Catalan: Caucas

French: Caucase

Galician: Cáucaso

Italian: Caucaso

Occitan: Caucàs

Portuguese: Cáucaso

Romanian: Caucaz

Spanish: Cáucaso

→ Basque: Kaukaso

desc

اَلْقَوْقَاز

→ Arabic: اَلْقَوْقَاز (al-qawqāz)

→ Azerbaijani: Qafqaz

→ Pashto: قفقاز (qafqāz, qavqāz)

→ Classical Persian:

Persian: قفقاز (qafqâz)

Tajik: Қафқоз (Qafqoz)

→ Tatar: Qawqaz

→ Danish: Kaukasus (learned)

→ Dutch: Kaukasus (learned)

→ English: Caucasus (learned)

→ Finnish: Kaukasus (learned)

→ German: Kaukasus (learned)

→ Hungarian: Kaukázus (learned)

→ Middle Irish: Cucas

Irish: Cugas

→ Russian: Кавказ (Kavkaz) (see there for further descendants)

[ˈkäu̯käs̠ʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Καύκασος (Kaúkasos).


Sicilia

la-proper noun

Sicilia f sg (genitive Siciliae); first declension

Siciliae (genitive)
Sicilia (nominative singular)
Siciliae (genitive singular)
Siciliae (dative singular)
Siciliam (accusative singular)
Siciliā (ablative singular)
Sicilia (singular vocative)
Siciliae (locative singular)

Catalan: Sicília

French: Sicile
→ Persian: سیسیل (sisil)

desctree

Italian: Sicilia
→ Albanian: Sicila
→ Japanese: シチリア
→ Korean: 시칠리아 (sichillia)
→ Ottoman Turkish: سچلیا
Turkish: Sicilya

Old Galician-Portuguese: Cezilla

Portuguese: Sicília

Sicilian: Sicilia

Spanish: Sicilia

→ Czech: Sicílie

→ Dutch: Sicilie

→ German: Sizilien

→ Hungarian: Szicília

→ Old English: Sicilia
Middle English: Sicilie, Sicilye
English: Sicily

→ Old Norse: Sikiley

Icelandic: Sikiley

→ Polish: Sycylia

→ Russian: Сици́лия (Sicílija), Сици́лія (Sicílija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: Сицилия (Sisiliä)
→ Kyrgyz: Сицилия (Sitsiliya)
→ Uzbek: Sitsiliya

[s̠ɪˈkɪlʲiä]

From Ancient Greek Σικελία (Sikelía), from Σίκελος (Síkelos, “Sicel”), the name of the Sicel people.

Sicily (The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Iaponia

la-proper noun

Iapō̆nia f sg (genitive Iapō̆niae); first declension

Iapō̆nia (canonical feminine singular)
Iapō̆niae (genitive)
Iapō̆nia (nominative singular)
Iapō̆niae (genitive singular)
Iapō̆niae (dative singular)
Iapō̆niam (accusative singular)
Iapō̆niā (ablative singular)
Iapō̆nia (singular vocative)

→ Albanian: Japoni, Japonia

→ Belarusian: Японія (Japónija)

→ Bulgarian: Япония (Japonija)

⇒ Czech: Japonsko

→ Greek: Ιαπωνία (Iaponía)

⇒ Kashubian: Japóńskô

→ Lithuanian: Japonija

→ Macedonian: Јапонија (Japonija)

→ Polish: Japonia

→ Romanian: Japonia

desctree

→ Russian: Япония (Japonija), Япо́нія (Japónija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: Յապոնիա (Yaponia)
→ Azerbaijani: Yaponiya
→ Bashkir: Япония (Yaponiya)
→ Gagauz: Yaponiya
→ Georgian: იაპონია (iaṗonia)
→ Kazakh: Жапония (Japoniä)
→ Kyrgyz: Жапония (Japoniya)
→ Mongolian: Япон (Japon)
→ Turkmen: Ýaponiýa
→ Uzbek: Yaponiya

⇒ Slovak: Japonsko

⇒ Slovene: Japonska

→ Ukrainian: Японія (Japonija)

From possibly French Japon + -ia or Cantonese 日本 (jat⁶ bun²) + -ia.


Europa

la-proper noun

Eurōpa f sg (genitive Eurōpae); first declension

Eurōpa (canonical feminine singular)
Eurōpae (genitive)
Eurōpa (nominative singular)
Eurōpae (genitive singular)
Eurōpae (dative singular)
Eurōpam (accusative singular)
Eurōpā (ablative singular)
Eurōpa (singular vocative)

Catalan: Europa

Italian: Europa

→ Sicilian: Europa

→ Turkish: Avrupa

Old French:

Middle French:

French: Europe

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Europa, Eyropa
Fala: Europa
Galician: Europa
Portuguese: Europa
→ Burmese: ဥရောပ (u.rau:pa.)
→ Hunsrik: Ëuropa
→ Japanese: ヨーロッパ (Yōroppa)

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Europa

Sicilian: Aurupa

Bulgarian: Европа (Evropa)

Mandarin: 歐羅巴 /欧罗巴 (Ōuluóbā)

Middle Dutch: europa

Dutch: Europa (see there for further descendants)

Middle English: Europe
English: Europe, Europa (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Europe

Middle High German: Eurōpā
German: Europa

Romanian: Europa

Russian: Европа (Jevropa)

Borrowed from Doric Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa); cognate with Attic Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).

la:52 Europa
la:Europa
la:Europa (mythologia)
la:Europa (satelles)

(Greek mythology) Europa (daughter of Phoenician king Agenor who was abducted by Jupiter and carried to Crete)

(New Latin, astronomy) Europa (moon of Jupiter)

(New Latin, astronomy) 52 Europa (main belt asteroid)


Tartarus

la-proper noun

Tartarus m sg (genitive Tartarī); second declension

Tartarī (genitive)
Tartarus (nominative singular)
Tartarī (genitive singular)
Tartarō (dative singular)
Tartarum (accusative singular)
Tartarō (ablative singular)
Tartare (singular vocative)

Catalan: Tàrtar

→ English: Tartarus

French: Tartare

[ˈt̪ärt̪ärʊs̠]

A river of Venetia that used to flow into the Adriatic Sea, now called Tartaro.


Bosnia

Bosnia f sg (genitive Bosniae); first declension

Bosniae (genitive)
Bosnia (nominative singular)
Bosniae (genitive singular)
Bosniae (dative singular)
Bosniam (accusative singular)
Bosniā (ablative singular)
Bosnia (singular vocative)


Mecca

Mecca f sg (genitive Meccae); first declension

Meccae (genitive)
Mecca (nominative singular)
Meccae (genitive singular)
Meccae (dative singular)
Meccam (accusative singular)
Meccā (ablative singular)
Mecca (singular vocative)
Meccae (locative singular)

(post-Classical) Mecca (Arabic city in modern Saudi Arabia)


Colonia Agrippina

Colōnia Agrippīna f sg (genitive Colōniae Agrippīnae); first declension

Colōnia Agrippīna (canonical feminine singular)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (genitive)
Colōnia Agrippīna (nominative singular)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (genitive singular)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (dative singular)
Colōniam Agrippīnam (accusative singular)
Colōniā Agrippīnā (ablative singular)
Colōnia Agrippīna (singular vocative)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (locative singular)

desc

Old French: Coloigne, Cologne, Coulongne

French: Cologne

desctree

→ Middle English: Coloyne, Colayne, Coleyn, Coleyne, colyn, Culane
English: Cologne (pronunciation remodelled after modern French)
→? Welsh: Cwlen
→ Middle Welsh: Cwlwyn

→ Old Frisian: Agrip

→ Catalan: Colònia

→ Greek: Κολωνία (Kolonía)

→ Old High German: *Kolona

desc

Middle High German: Kölne, Coelne, Collen

Central Franconian: Kölle

desctree

German: Köln, Cöln (obsolete since 1919), Coelen, Coellen, Coelne, Cölen, Cöllen, Cölln, Cöllne, Cölne (obsolete)
→ Hungarian: Köln
→ Icelandic: Köln
→ Russian: Кёльн (Kjolʹn)

→ Spanish: Colonia

Shortened form of the full name Colōnia Claudia Āra Agrippīnēnsium.

Cologne, Agrippine Colony; city on the Rhine River in Germany, founded by Agrippina, the mother of the Roman emperor Nero.


Francia

la-proper noun

Francia f sg (genitive Franciae); first declension

Franciae (genitive)
Francia (nominative singular)
Franciae (genitive singular)
Franciae (dative singular)
Franciam (accusative singular)
Franciā (ablative singular)
Francia (singular vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: Francia

Italian: Francia

Neapolitan: Franza

Sicilian: Francia

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: França

Franco-Provençal: France

Occitan: França

desctree

Old French: France, france (manuscript form)
Middle French: France
French: France (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: Fraunce, France
English: France (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Fraunce
→ Breton: Frañs
Norman: France, Fraunce (continental Normandy)
Picard: France
Walloon: France

Rhaeto-Romance

desc

Romansch: Frantscha, Frontscha, Fràntscha, Frauntscha

Sardinian: Frantza

West Iberian

Extremaduran: Francia

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: Franzia

Old Leonese:

Asturian: Francia

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: França
Portuguese: França

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Francia (see there for further descendants)

→ Armenian: Ֆրանսիա (Fransia)

→ Basque: Frantzia

→ English: Francia

→ French: Francie

→ Middle Irish: Frainc

Irish: An Fhrainc

Manx: Yn Rank

Scottish Gaelic: An Fhraing

→ Maltese: Franza

→ Polish: Francja
→ Belarusian: Фра́нцыя (Fráncyja)
→ Russian: Фра́нция (Fráncija), Фра́нція (Fráncija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Bashkir: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Bulgarian: Франция (Francija)
→ Ingrian: Frantsia
→ Kazakh: Франция (Fransiä)
→ Kyrgyz: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Macedonian: Франција (Francija)
⇒ Mongolian: Франц (Franc), франц (franc)
→ Slovene: Francija
→ Tatar: Франция (Frantsiyä)
→ Turkmen: Fransiýa
→ Uyghur: فرانسىيە (fransiye)
→ Uzbek: Fransiya
→ Ukrainian: Фра́нція (Fráncija)

→ Welsh: Ffrainc

[ˈfrän̠ʲt͡ʃiä]

(New Latin) France (a country in Western Europe)


Arizona

la-proper noun

Arizōna f sg (genitive Arizōnae); first declension

Arizōna (canonical feminine singular)
Arizōnae (genitive)
Arizōna (nominative singular)
Arizōnae (genitive singular)
Arizōnae (dative singular)
Arizōnam (accusative singular)
Arizōnā (ablative singular)
Arizōna (singular vocative)

[ärɪz̪ˈd̪͡z̪oːnä]

[ärid̪ˈd̪͡z̪ɔːnä]


Thule

Thūlē f sg (genitive Thūlēs); first declension

Thūlē (canonical feminine singular)
Thūlēs (genitive)
Thūlē (nominative singular)
Thūlēs (genitive singular)
Thūlae (dative singular)
Thūlēn (accusative singular)
Thūlē (ablative singular)
Thūlē (singular vocative)

English: Thule

French: Thulé

[ˈt̪ʰuːɫ̪eː]

From Ancient Greek Θούλη (Thoúlē, “Thule”).