Niger

la-proper noun

Niger m sg (genitive Nigris); third declension

Nigris (genitive)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigris (genitive singular)
Nigrī (dative singular)
Nigrim (accusative singular)
Nigre (ablative singular)
Niger (singular vocative)

Efficit autem hoc suo flexu, ut etiam ultra Athlantem Africa ad usque Nigrim fluuium excurrat, Plinio & Ptolemaeo.

1534, Joachim Vadianus, Epitome trium terrae partium Asiae, Africae et Europae compendiariam...:

Niger (a major river in West Africa, that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


mare

la-noun

mare n (genitive maris); third declension

maris (genitive)
mare (nominative singular)
maria (nominative plural)
maris (genitive singular)
marium (genitive plural)
marum (genitive plural)
marī (dative singular)
maribus (dative plural)
mare (accusative singular)
maria (accusative plural)
marī (ablative singular)
mare (ablative singular)
maribus (ablative plural)
mare (singular vocative)
maria (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: amari, amare, mari

Istro-Romanian: måre

Megleno-Romanian: mari

Romanian: mare f

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: mèr

Ligurian: mâ, mà

Lombard: mar

Piedmontese: mar

Romagnol: mêr

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: mare

Dalmatian: mur

Gallurese: mari

Istriot: mare

Italian: mare

Neapolitan: mare

Sardinian: mare, mari

Sassarese: mari

Sicilian: mari

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: mar

desctree

Old French: mer f
French: mer
Antillean Creole: lanmè
Haitian Creole: lanmè
→ Volapük: mel
Norman: mé (Jersey)
Walloon: mer

Old Leonese: *mar

Asturian: mar

Extremaduran: mari

Mirandese: mar

Old Occitan: mar

Catalan: mar m or f

Occitan: mar

Old Galician-Portuguese: mar m, mare
Galician: mar m
Portuguese: mar m (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: mar

Ladino: mar

Spanish: mar m or f
→ Aymara: lamara
→ Classical Nahuatl: láma̱r
→ Papiamentu: lama, laman

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: mâr

Romansch: mar, mer

Venetan: mar

→ English: mare

→ Esperanto: maro
Ido: maro

→ Interlingua: mar

Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Italic language
la:mare

From Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Neptunum regnatorem marum

c. 270 BCE – c. 201 BCE, Gnaeus Naevius, Bellum Punicum, (fragment in Priscian, Institutiones Grammaticae, 7, De genetivo plurali tertiae declinationis)

[facit...] ad onera ac multitudinem iumentorum transportandam paulo latiores quam quibus in reliquis utimur maribus.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 5.1

In order to transport cargo and beasts of burden, he [Julius Caesar] had them made a little wider than the ones we use in other seas.

Et oportet ut alienentur cornute et varie et aspides declines ad albedinem. Et non capiantur ex piscinis vel litoribus fluviorum et aquarum vel marium, vel de petrosis, quoniam in eis sunt quercine, facientes sitim, immo capiantur in loco longinquo ab humorositate.

13th c., Roger Bacon, Secretum Secretorum 2.29 (De preparacione carnum viperarum sive serpentum et draconum)

a marī usque ad mare

1921, Joseph Pope, George Monro Grant, Canada's official motto


Acheron

la-proper noun

Acherōn m sg (genitive Acherontis); third declension

Acherōn (canonical masculine singular)
Acherontis (genitive)
Acherōn (nominative singular)
Acherontis (genitive singular)
Acherontī (dative singular)
Acherontem (accusative singular)
Acheronte (ablative singular)
Acherōn (singular vocative)

English: Acheron

French: Achéron

Italian: Acheronte

Portuguese: Aqueronte

Spanish: Aqueronte

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀχέρων (Akhérōn), from ὁ ἄχεα ῥέων (ho ákhea rhéōn, “the stream of woe”).


Adonis

Adōnis m sg (genitive Adōnidis); third declension

Adōnis (canonical masculine singular)
Adōnidis (genitive)
Adōnis (nominative singular)
Adōnidis (genitive singular)
Adōnis (genitive singular)
Adōnidī (dative singular)
Adōnidem (accusative singular)
Adōnem (accusative singular)
Adōnim (accusative singular)
Adōnin (accusative singular)
Adōnide (ablative singular)
Adōne (ablative singular)
Adōni (singular vocative)

[äˈd̪oːnɪs̠]

A river in Phoenicia, now the Abraham River


Tigris

Tigris m sg (genitive Tigridis); third declension

Tigridis (genitive)
Tigris (nominative singular)
Tigridis (genitive singular)
Tigridī (dative singular)
Tigridim (accusative singular)
Tigridin (accusative singular)
Tigride (ablative singular)
Tigridī (ablative singular)
Tigris (singular vocative)

English: Tigris

Italian: Tigri

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Tigre, Tigres, Tigris
Galician: Tigris
Portuguese: Tigre, Tígris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τίγρις (Tígris).


palus

la-noun

palūs f (genitive palūdis); third declension

palūs (canonical feminine)
palūdis (genitive)
palūs (nominative singular)
palūdēs (nominative plural)
palūdis (genitive singular)
palūdum (genitive plural)
palūdī (dative singular)
palūdibus (dative plural)
palūdem (accusative singular)
palūdēs (accusative plural)
palūde (ablative singular)
palūdibus (ablative plural)
palūs (singular vocative)
palūdēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: palude

North Italian:

Istriot: paloû

Ladin: paluk, palú

Lombard: palut

Piedmontese: palú

desc

Romansch: palieu, paleu, pale, palukt, palü

Venetan: palude

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: palu

French: palud, palus

Norman: palu

Old Gascon: palu

Old Occitan: palut, palus

Borrowings:

→ French: palude

→ Portuguese: palude

→ Romanian: paludă

→ Spanish: palude

Balkan Romance: (with a semantic shift to "forest")

Aromanian: pãduri

Megleno-Romanian: păduri

Romanian: pădure

→ Proto-Albanian: *pëdyll, *pëýll

Albanian: pyll

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: padula

Italian: padule

Neapolitan: padula

Sicilian: padula

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: padule, paule, pauli

North Italian:

Lombard: padum

Old Ligurian: paú

Ligurian: padú (outside influence?)

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: paul

Catalan: Paül (toponym)

Ibero-Romance:

Mozarabic: *padul

→ Spanish: Padul, Padules (southern toponyms)

Navarro-Aragonese: padul

Portuguese: paul

Spanish: paúl

→ Basque: padura, fadura

From Proto-Italic *palūts, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”) (presumably with semantic shift "gray" > "swamp", though this is semantically tenuous). Either way, related to Latvian peļķe (“puddle”), Lithuanian pelkė (“marsh”), Sanskrit पल्वल (palvala, “pool, pond”), and possibly Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, earth, clay”).


palus

la-noun

pālus m (genitive pālī); second declension

pālus (canonical masculine)
pālī (genitive)
pālus (nominative singular)
pālī (nominative plural)
pālī (genitive singular)
pālōrum (genitive plural)
pālō (dative singular)
pālīs (dative plural)
pālum (accusative singular)
pālōs (accusative plural)
pālō (ablative singular)
pālīs (ablative plural)
pāle (singular vocative)
pālī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: par

Romanian: par

Italo-Romance:

Italian: palo

Neapolitan: palo

Sicilian: palu

North Italian:

Friulian: pâl

Piedmontese: pal

Romagnol:

pêl (Ravenna, Cattolica)

pël (San Marino)

pél (Lugo)

Romansch: pal, pêl

Venetan: pało, pal

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: pal

Old French: pal

Middle French: pieu

French: pieu

Anglo-Norman: pel

→ Middle English: peel

English: peel ('stake', obsolete)

→ Middle English: pale

English: pale

Occitan: pal

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: palu

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: pao
Galician: pau
Portuguese: pau (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: palo

Papiamentu: palu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: palu, pau

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: pallë

→ Proto-West Germanic: *pālu (see there for further descendants)

Later borrowings:

→ Dutch: paal

→ English: palus

→ French: pal

→ Polish: pal

From Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ-. See related terms.


lacus

la-noun

lacus m (genitive lacūs); fourth declension

lacūs (genitive)
lacus (nominative singular)
lacūs (nominative plural)
lacūs (genitive singular)
lacuum (genitive plural)
lacuī (dative singular)
lacubus (dative plural)
lacum (accusative singular)
lacūs (accusative plural)
lacū (ablative singular)
lacubus (ablative plural)
lacus (singular vocative)
lacūs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: laco

Aromanian: lac

Asturian: llagu

Kabuverdianu: lagu

Catalan: llac

Dalmatian: lac

Emilian: lèg

Esperanto: lago

Franco-Provençal: lèc

Old French: lai

desctree

→? Old French: lac
Middle French: lac
→ Middle English: lac
French: lac
Norman: lac (Jersey)

Friulian: lâc

Galician: lago

Italian: lago

Ligurian: lâgo

Maltese: lag

Occitan: lac

Papiamentu: lago

Portuguese: lago

Romanian: lac

Romansch: lai

Sardinian: lagu

Sicilian: lacu

Spanish: lago

Venetan: łago

From Proto-Italic *lakus, from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake, pool”); the reason for the change to *a is debated, but likely from velarized *[ɫ]. Cognate with Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “cistern, tank, pit”) and Old English lagu (“sea, ocean, flood”). More at lay.

cog

inque cavōs ierant tertia musta lacūs

and three times had the must been poured into the hollow wine-vats
(The Latin word lacus, meaning ‘‘hollow’’ or ‘‘lake’’, also described a container used in ancient winemaking. See also mustum and must.)


Tartarus

la-proper noun

Tartarus m sg (genitive Tartarī); second declension

Tartarī (genitive)
Tartarus (nominative singular)
Tartarī (genitive singular)
Tartarō (dative singular)
Tartarum (accusative singular)
Tartarō (ablative singular)
Tartare (singular vocative)

Catalan: Tàrtar

→ English: Tartarus

French: Tartare

[ˈt̪ärt̪ärʊs̠]

A river of Venetia that used to flow into the Adriatic Sea, now called Tartaro.


isthmus

la-noun

isthmus m (genitive isthmī); second declension

isthmī (genitive)
isthmus (nominative singular)
isthmī (nominative plural)
isthmī (genitive singular)
isthmōrum (genitive plural)
isthmō (dative singular)
isthmīs (dative plural)
isthmum (accusative singular)
isthmōs (accusative plural)
isthmō (ablative singular)
isthmīs (ablative plural)
isthme (singular vocative)
isthmī (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: ismu

→ Catalan: istme

→ Dutch: istmus

→ English: isthmus

→ Esperanto: istmo

Ido: istmo

→ French: isthme

→ Romanian: istm

→ Galician: istmo

→ German: Isthmus

→ Italian: istmo

→ Portuguese: istmo

→ Spanish: istmo

→ Basque: istmo

[ˈɪs̠t̪ʰmʊs̠]

Borrowing from Ancient Greek ῐ̓σθμός (ĭsthmós, “neck, narrow passage”), possibly from εἶμῐ (eîmĭ, “to go”).

bor

a strip of land between two seas; an isthmus


Vistula

la-proper noun

Vistula f sg (genitive Vistulae); first declension

Vistulae (genitive)
Vistula (nominative singular)
Vistulae (genitive singular)
Vistulae (dative singular)
Vistulam (accusative singular)
Vistulā (ablative singular)
Vistula (singular vocative)

In the form Visula and Visla at least sometimes directly acquired from Proto-Slavic *Visъla. The form Viscla resolves the /sl/ cluster like in Sclavus, uncommon in Latin, and in Germanic, via which it has sometimes been acquired.
Often explained as from the Proto-Indo-European root *weys- (“to flow”) as in Proto-Germanic *waisǭ (“mire”), although if of Slavic origin then *visěti (“to hang”) would afford a readier stem, suffixed + *-lo + *-a or + *-sla, for which ever reason they would have called it the “hanging river” or “saggy stream”.

Sclavini a Civitate Novidunensi (Mss. : Civitate Nova et Sclavino Rumunensi), et lacu qui appellatur Mursianus (var. : Musianus, Murianus), usque ad Danastrum, et in Boream Viscla tenus commorantur: hi paludes silvasque pro civitatibus habent.

551, Jordanes, De origine actibusque Getarum, section V:

The Slavs abide from Noviodunum ad Istrum now known as Isákča and the Mursa lake to the Dniester, and farther north up to the Vistula: here they have the swamps and forests for municipalities.


Indus

Indus m sg (genitive Indī); second declension

Indī (genitive)
Indus (nominative singular)
Indī (genitive singular)
Indō (dative singular)
Indum (accusative singular)
Indō (ablative singular)
Inde (singular vocative)


Anas

Anās m sg (genitive Anae); first declension

Anās (canonical masculine singular)
Anae (genitive)
Anās (nominative singular)
Anae (genitive singular)
Anae (dative singular)
Anān (accusative singular)
Anam (accusative singular)
Anā (ablative singular)
Anā (singular vocative)

A river in Spain and Portugal; modern Guadiana.


Canis

Canis m sg (genitive Canis); third declension

Canis (genitive)
Canis (nominative singular)
Canis (genitive singular)
Canī (dative singular)
Canem (accusative singular)
Cane (ablative singular)
Canis (singular vocative)


Deva

Deva f sg (genitive Devae); first declension

Devae (genitive)
Deva (nominative singular)
Devae (genitive singular)
Devae (dative singular)
Devam (accusative singular)
Devā (ablative singular)
Deva (singular vocative)

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, from Proto-Celtic *deiwā (“goddess”), from Proto-Celtic *deiwos (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god”).

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis#English


Ion

Īōn f sg (genitive Īōnis); third declension

Īōn (canonical feminine singular)
Īōnis (genitive)
Īōn (nominative singular)
Īōnis (genitive singular)
Īōnī (dative singular)
Īōnem (accusative singular)
Īōne (ablative singular)
Īōn (singular vocative)


Iris

Iris m sg (genitive Iris); third declension

Iris (genitive)
Iris (nominative singular)
Iris (genitive singular)
Irī (dative singular)
Irem (accusative singular)
Ire (ablative singular)
Iris (singular vocative)

One of the most considerable rivers of Pontus, now the Yeşilırmak


Panda

Panda m sg (genitive Pandae); first declension

Pandae (genitive)
Panda (nominative singular)
Pandae (genitive singular)
Pandae (dative singular)
Pandam (accusative singular)
Pandā (ablative singular)
Panda (singular vocative)


Virus

Virus m sg (genitive Virī); second declension

Virī (genitive)
Virus (nominative singular)
Virī (genitive singular)
Virō (dative singular)
Virum (accusative singular)
Virō (ablative singular)
Vire (singular vocative)

A river in Hispania Tarraconensis, now the Anllóns


Crius

Crius m sg (genitive Criī or Crī); second declension

Criī (genitive)
Crī (genitive)
Crius (nominative singular)
Criī (genitive singular)
Crī (genitive singular)
Criō (dative singular)
Crium (accusative singular)
Criō (ablative singular)
Crī (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κριός (Kriós).

A river of Achaia flowing into the sea near Aegira


Cambyses

Cambȳsēs m sg (genitive Cambȳsis); third declension

Cambȳsēs (canonical masculine singular)
Cambȳsis (genitive)
Cambȳsēs (nominative singular)
Cambȳsis (genitive singular)
Cambȳsī (dative singular)
Cambȳsem (accusative singular)
Cambȳse (ablative singular)
Cambȳsēs (singular vocative)
Cambȳsī (locative singular)
Cambȳse (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Καμβῡ́σης (Kambū́sēs).

A river in Albania, rising in the Caucasus and flowing into the Cyrus, now the river Iori


Styx

Styx f sg (genitive Stygis or Stygos); third declension

Stygis (genitive)
Stygos (genitive)
Styx (nominative singular)
Stygos (genitive singular)
Stygis (genitive singular)
Stygī (dative singular)
Styga (accusative singular)
Stygem (accusative singular)
Styge (ablative singular)
Styx (singular vocative)


sinus

la-noun

sinus m (genitive sinūs); fourth declension

sinūs (genitive)
sinus (nominative singular)
sinūs (nominative plural)
sinūs (genitive singular)
sinuum (genitive plural)
sinuī (dative singular)
sinibus (dative plural)
sinum (accusative singular)
sinūs (accusative plural)
sinū (ablative singular)
sinibus (ablative plural)
sinus (singular vocative)
sinūs (plural vocative)

→ Aromanian: sin

Asturian: senu, sen

Catalan: si; → sina

→ English: sinus, sine

French: sein; → sinus

Friulian: sen

Italian: seno

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: sẽo, seo
Galician: seo
Portuguese: seio

Piedmontese: sen

→ Portuguese: sino, seno (learned)

Romanian: sân

Romansch: sain

Sardinian: sinu

Sicilian: sinu

Spanish: seno

Venetan: sen

From Proto-Indo-European *sinos; akin to Albanian gji (“breast, bosom”).
The mathematical sense ‘chord of an arc, sine’ was introduced in the 12th century by Gherardo of Cremona as a semantic loan from Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “chord, sine”) (ultimately a loan from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “bowstring”)) by confusion with جَيْب (jayb, “bosom, fold in a garment”).

semantic loan

Qui cum sedens ad mensam non haberet ad manum, ubi oblatum sibi munus reponeret, misit hoc in sinum sibi.

Beda Venerabilis, Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum III.2

Having nowhere to put what had been brought him when sitting at the table, he shoved it into his bosom.

(literal) the hanging fold of a toga over the breast; a pocket, lap


Triton

la-proper noun

Trītōn m (genitive Trītōnis); third declension

Trītōn (canonical masculine)
Trītōnis (genitive)

(Greek mythology) Triton (mythological sea god)


alveolus

la-noun

alveolus m (genitive alveolī); second declension

alveolī (genitive)
alveolus (nominative singular)
alveolī (nominative plural)
alveolī (genitive singular)
alveolōrum (genitive plural)
alveolō (dative singular)
alveolīs (dative plural)
alveolum (accusative singular)
alveolōs (accusative plural)
alveolō (ablative singular)
alveolīs (ablative plural)
alveole (singular vocative)
alveolī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: nullë

→ Catalan: alvèol

→ English: alveolus

→ French: alvéole

Irish: ailbheolas

→ Italian: alveolo

→ Portuguese: alvéolo

→ Romanian: alveolă

→ Russian: альвео́ла (alʹveóla)

→ Spanish: alvéolo

→ Venetan: alvèolo, albòl

Vulgar Latin: *albiolus, *albiola

Italian: albiolo

Romanian: albioară

[äɫ̪ˈu̯eɔɫ̪ʊs̠]

From alveus (“a hollow, cavity”) + -olus (diminutive nominal suffix).

suffix

(board games) a small gaming board upon which the dice are thrown


Rubicon

la-proper noun

Rubicōn m sg (genitive Rubicōnis); third declension

Rubicōn (canonical masculine singular)
Rubicōnis (genitive)
Rubicōn (nominative singular)
Rubicōnis (genitive singular)
Rubicōnī (dative singular)
Rubicōnem (accusative singular)
Rubicōne (ablative singular)
Rubicōn (singular vocative)

Possibly from rubeus (“red, reddish”), from rubeō (“to be red”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”), an allusion to the colour of the river caused by mud deposits.


Tina

Tina f sg (genitive Tinae); first declension

Tinae (genitive)
Tina (nominative singular)
Tinae (genitive singular)
Tinae (dative singular)
Tinam (accusative singular)
Tinā (ablative singular)
Tina (singular vocative)

Found in Old English as a component of the place name Tinanmuðe (“Tynemouth”). Possibly of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *tīn (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to flow”). Compare the river Tinna.


Danubius

Dānubius m sg (genitive Dānubiī or Dānubī); second declension

Dānubius (canonical masculine singular)
Dānubiī (genitive)
Dānubī (genitive)
Dānubius (nominative singular)
Dānubiī (genitive singular)
Dānubī (genitive singular)
Dānubiō (dative singular)
Dānubium (accusative singular)
Dānubiō (ablative singular)
Dānubī (singular vocative)

Arabic: دانوب (dānūb)

Catalan: Danubi

Old French: Danube

French: Danube

→ English: Danube (see there for further descendants)

Hebrew: דנובה (danuba)

Italian: Danubio

Persian: دانوب (dânub)

Portuguese: Danúbio

Romanian: Danubiu

Spanish: Danubio

From Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos, an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, either from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”) or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“run, flow”).

m+

Germania omnis a Gallis Rhaetisque et Pannoniis Rheno et Danubio fluminibus.

Tacitus, Gemanica, chapter 1 (Oxford revised translation)

Germany is separated from Gaul, Rhaetia, and Pannonia, by the rivers Rhine and Danube.


Rhenus

la-proper noun

Rhēnus m sg (genitive Rhēnī); second declension

Rhēnus (canonical masculine singular)
Rhēnī (genitive)
Rhēnus (nominative singular)
Rhēnī (genitive singular)
Rhēnō (dative singular)
Rhēnum (accusative singular)
Rhēnō (ablative singular)
Rhēne (singular vocative)

Italian: Reno

Old Occitan: Ren

Catalan: Ren (archaic)

Occitan: Ren

→ Polish: Ren

Romansch: Rain, Ragn, Rein

Borrowed from Gaulish *Reinos (Proto-Celtic *reinos), built on Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to flow”).


Isis

la-proper noun

Īsis f sg (genitive Īsis or Īsidis); third declension

Īsis (canonical feminine singular)
Īsis (genitive)
Īsidis (genitive)
Īsis (nominative singular)
Īsis (genitive singular)
Īsidis (genitive singular)
Īsī (dative singular)
Īsidī (dative singular)
Īsem (accusative singular)
Īsidem (accusative singular)
Īse (ablative singular)
Īside (ablative singular)
Īsis (singular vocative)

→ English: Isis (learned)

→ French: Isis f sg (learned)

→ Spanish: Isis f sg (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἶσῐς (Îsĭs), itself from Egyptian st-t:H8-B1 (ꜣst).


Marta

Marta m sg (genitive Martae); first declension

Martae (genitive)
Marta (nominative singular)
Martae (genitive singular)
Martae (dative singular)
Martam (accusative singular)
Martā (ablative singular)
Marta (singular vocative)

A river in Latium, now still called this way


piscina

la-noun

piscīna f (genitive piscīnae); first declension

piscīna (canonical feminine)
piscīnae (genitive)
piscīna (nominative singular)
piscīnae (nominative plural)
piscīnae (genitive singular)
piscīnārum (genitive plural)
piscīnae (dative singular)
piscīnīs (dative plural)
piscīnam (accusative singular)
piscīnās (accusative plural)
piscīnā (ablative singular)
piscīnīs (ablative plural)
piscīna (singular vocative)
piscīnae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: piscina

→ English: piscina

→ French: piscine

→ English: piscine

desctree

→ Italian: piscina
→ Greek: πισίνα (pisína)

→ Portuguese: piscina
→ Hunsrik: Pisin

→ Romanian: piscină

Spanish: pecina, → piscina

Venetan: pissina

From piscis + -īna (literally “characterised by fish, fishy”).


Gallus

la-proper noun

Gallus m sg (genitive Gallī); second declension

Gallī (genitive)
Gallus (nominative singular)
Gallī (genitive singular)
Gallō (dative singular)
Gallum (accusative singular)
Gallō (ablative singular)
Galle (singular vocative)

See lowercase gallus and uppercase Gallus, alternative forms for Gaul (person).

A Roman cognomen, as in the name Gaius Cornelius Gallus, the first Roman governor of Egypt.


Eridanus

Ēridanus m sg (genitive Ēridanī); second declension

Ēridanus (canonical masculine singular)
Ēridanī (genitive)
Ēridanus (nominative singular)
Ēridanī (genitive singular)
Ēridanō (dative singular)
Ēridanum (accusative singular)
Ēridanō (ablative singular)
Ēridane (singular vocative)
Ēridanī (locative singular)

?Dutch: Eridanus

English: Eridanus

?Finnish: Eridanus

?French: Éridan

?Galician: Eridano

?German: Eridanus

Italian: Eridano

?Japanese: エリダヌス座 (Eridanusu-za)

?Polish: Erydan

?Russian: Эридан (Eridan)

?Spanish: Eridanus

?Turkish: Eridanus

[eːˈrɪd̪änʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἠρῐδᾰνός (Ērĭdănós).

(Greek mythology and poetry) Synonym of Padus (“the River Po”)


fossa

la-noun

fossa f (genitive fossae); first declension

fossae (genitive)
fossa (nominative singular)
fossae (nominative plural)
fossae (genitive singular)
fossārum (genitive plural)
fossae (dative singular)
fossīs (dative plural)
fossam (accusative singular)
fossās (accusative plural)
fossā (ablative singular)
fossīs (ablative plural)
fossa (singular vocative)
fossae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: fushë

Asturian: fuexa, → fosa

→ Byzantine Greek: φόσσα (phóssa)

desc

ܦܲܐܣܵܐ (passā)

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܲܣܵܐ, ܦܲܐܣܵܐ (passā)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: փոս (pʻos)
Armenian: փոս (pʻos)
→ Georgian: ფოსო (poso)

→ Catalan: fossa

→ English: fossa, fosse

→ French: fosse, fossé

Friulian: fuesse

Galician: focha, → fosa

Italian: fossa, fosso

→ Occitan: fòssa

→ Portuguese: fossa

Romanian: foasă, → fosă

→ Romansch: fossa

→ Sicilian: fossa, fossu

Spanish: huesa, → fosa

Venetan: fosa

→ Proto-Brythonic: *fos

Cornish: fos

Welsh: ffos

Ellipsis of fossa terra (“dug-up earth”).


Cyrus

la-proper noun

Cȳrus m sg (genitive Cȳrī); second declension

Cȳrus (canonical masculine singular)
Cȳrī (genitive)
Cȳrus (nominative singular)
Cȳrī (genitive singular)
Cȳrō (dative singular)
Cȳrum (accusative singular)
Cȳrō (ablative singular)
Cȳre (singular vocative)


Albanus

Albānus m sg (genitive Albānī); second declension

Albānus (canonical masculine singular)
Albānī (genitive)
Albānus (nominative singular)
Albānī (genitive singular)
Albānō (dative singular)
Albānum (accusative singular)
Albānō (ablative singular)
Albāne (singular vocative)
Albānī (locative singular)

Galician: Albán

Portuguese: Alvão, Albão

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀλβᾰνός (Albănós)
Greek: Αλβανός (Alvanós, now means Albanian)

[äɫ̪ˈbäːnʊs̠]

Unknown. Suggested as derived from a Western European root *alb- found in various place names, perhaps also the source of Alpes, and/or from a Proto-Indo-European root *alb- (“mountain”) (see *h₂el- (“to rise, be tall”)), or from Proto-Celtic *albo-, *albiyū (“upper realm, world; mountain, Alps”) (whence also Albion). .
It is believed that they are related to the modern nation of the Albanians.
While it has been identified with the Zgërdhesh hill-fort near Krujë in northern Albania, scholars believe the Illyrian settlement was abandoned in the 2nd century BC, when the inhabitants moved to Durrës and Lezhë.
Possibly related to arbën from Proto-Albanian *arwā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rh₃ (“arable land, soil”); compare *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”)

der

A river in Albania, now probably the Samur River


Alces

la-proper noun

Alcēs m sg (genitive Alcis); third declension

Alcēs (canonical masculine singular)
Alcis (genitive)
Alcēs (nominative singular)
Alcis (genitive singular)
Alcī (dative singular)
Alcem (accusative singular)
Alce (ablative singular)
Alcēs (singular vocative)

[ˈäl̠ʲt͡ʃes]


fluvius

la-noun

fluvius m (genitive fluviī or fluvī); second declension

fluviī (genitive)
fluvī (genitive)
fluvius (nominative singular)
fluviī (nominative plural)
fluviī (genitive singular)
fluvī (genitive singular)
fluviōrum (genitive plural)
fluvium (genitive plural)
fluviō (dative singular)
fluviīs (dative plural)
fluvium (accusative singular)
fluviōs (accusative plural)
fluviō (ablative singular)
fluviīs (ablative plural)
fluvie (singular vocative)
fluviī (plural vocative)

→ French: fleuve

→ Romanian: fluviu

[ˈfɫ̪uː̯iʊs̠]

From the root of fluō (“flow”), ultimately from *bʰleh₁- (“to swell, blow”), whence also flūmen.


flumen

flūmen n (genitive flūminis); third declension

flūmen (canonical neuter)
flūminis (genitive)
flūmen (nominative singular)
flūmina (nominative plural)
flūminis (genitive singular)
flūminum (genitive plural)
flūminī (dative singular)
flūminibus (dative plural)
flūmen (accusative singular)
flūmina (accusative plural)
flūmine (ablative singular)
flūminibus (ablative plural)
flūmen (singular vocative)
flūmina (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: flumin

Dalmatian:

floim

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: fiume

Italian: fiume

Judeo-Italian: פְֿלוּמוֹ (flumo)

Neapolitan: sciummo

Sicilian: ciumi

Padanian:

Friulian: flum

Istriot: fioûme, fiòume

Ligurian: sciumme

desc

Romansch: flum, (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) flem, (Puter, Vallader) flüm

Venetan: fium, fiume

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: flum, flom

Old French: flum (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: flume, flum

Ibero-Romance: (early borrowings?)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: frume, flume
Portuguese: flume

Old Spanish: flum

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: frùmene, frùmini

Borrowings:

→ English: flumen

→ Portuguese: flúmen

From fluō (“I flow”) + -men (noun-forming suffix).

suffix

Gallōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Mātrona et Sēquana dīvidit.
The Garonne river separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; from the Belgae, the Marne and the Seine (separate them).

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1

Omnia haec mire placent cum impetu quodam et flumine pervehuntur

61 CE – c. 112 CE, Pliny the Younger, Epistulae 1.16

All these wondrously delight me and are carried along with a certain passion and flow.


Sequana

la-proper noun

Sēquana f sg or m sg (genitive Sēquanae); first declension

Sēquana (canonical feminine masculine singular)
Sēquanae (genitive)
Sēquana (nominative singular)
Sēquanae (genitive singular)
Sēquanae (dative singular)
Sēquanam (accusative singular)
Sēquanā (ablative singular)
Sēquana (singular vocative)

Late Latin: Sēcona, Sēgona

French: Seine

desctree

→ Proto-West Germanic: *Sīganu, *Sīgunu
Old English: Sīgen
Old Saxon: Sīgana
Old High German: Sīgona, Sīgana

Sicilian: Sigona

[ˈs̠eːkʷänä]

From a Celtic deity who descended from the Proto-Indo-European pantheon, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to flow”).

The Seine (a major river in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Grand Est, Île-de-France and Normandy regions, France)


Sabrina

la-proper noun

Sabrīna f sg (genitive Sabrīnae); first declension

Sabrīna (canonical feminine singular)
Sabrīnae (genitive)
Sabrīna (nominative singular)
Sabrīnae (genitive singular)
Sabrīnae (dative singular)
Sabrīnam (accusative singular)
Sabrīnā (ablative singular)
Sabrīna (singular vocative)


Tagus

Tagus m sg (genitive Tagī); second declension

Tagī (genitive)
Tagus (nominative singular)
Tagī (genitive singular)
Tagō (dative singular)
Tagum (accusative singular)
Tagō (ablative singular)
Tage (singular vocative)

Portuguese: Tejo

Spanish: Tajo

→ English: Tagus


Ulla

Ulla m sg (genitive Ullae); first declension

Ullae (genitive)
Ulla (nominative singular)
Ullae (genitive singular)
Ullae (dative singular)
Ullam (accusative singular)
Ullā (ablative singular)
Ulla (singular vocative)

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *u̥lH-yeh₂, from the zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind”).

der

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis

A river of Gallaecia, Hispania Tarraconensis, still called this way


fretum

la-noun

fretum n (genitive fretī); second declension

fretī (genitive)
fretum (nominative singular)
freta (nominative plural)
fretī (genitive singular)
fretōrum (genitive plural)
fretō (dative singular)
fretīs (dative plural)
fretum (accusative singular)
freta (accusative plural)
fretō (ablative singular)
fretīs (ablative plural)
fretum (singular vocative)
freta (plural vocative)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to brew, boil”) with the suffix *-eto-, but the zero-grade is inexplicable. In this case related to ferveō, fretāle and dēfrutum.

der

strait, sound, estuary, channel.
the strait of Sicily

Relinquebatur, ut ex longuinquioribus regionibus Galliae Picenique et a freto naves essent expectandae.

c. 48 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Civili 1.29

All that was left him was to wait for the arrival of ships from the remoter areas of Gaul and Picenum, and from Sicily.

Venerisne ad fretum per Mauretaniam?

Marcus Tullius Cicero, Against Vatinius Ch. 5

Did you come to the strait via Mauritania?

Et freta destituent nūdōs in lītore piscēs.

And the seas shall leave their fish bare on the shore.


Mare Germanicum

la-proper noun

Mare Germānicum n sg (genitive Maris Germānicī); third declension

Mare Germānicum (canonical neuter singular)
Maris Germānicī (genitive)
Mare Germānicum (nominative singular)
Maris Germānicī (genitive singular)
Marī Germānicō (dative singular)
Mare Germānicum (accusative singular)
Marī Germānicō (ablative singular)
Mare Germānicum (singular vocative)

German: Mare Germanicum n

From mare (“sea”) + Germānicus (“Germanic; German”). Literally "the Germanic Sea" or "the German Sea".


Mare Balticum

Mare Balticum n sg (genitive Maris Balticī); third declension

Maris Balticī (genitive)
Mare Balticum (nominative singular)
Maris Balticī (genitive singular)
Marī Balticō (dative singular)
Mare Balticum (accusative singular)
Marī Balticō (ablative singular)
Mare Balticum (singular vocative)

From mare (“sea”) + balticum, the neuter form of balticus (“Baltic”). Literally "the Baltic sea".


Mosella

Mosella m sg or f sg (genitive Mosellae); first declension

Mosellae (genitive)
Mosella (nominative singular)
Mosellae (genitive singular)
Mosellae (dative singular)
Mosellam (accusative singular)
Mosellā (ablative singular)
Mosella (singular vocative)
Mosellae (locative singular)

Catalan: Mosel·la

French: Moselle

English: Moselle

Old High German: Muosela

Luxembourgish: Musel

Dutch: Moezel

Italian: Mosella

Portuguese: Mosella

Spanish: Mosela

[mɔˈs̠ɛlːʲä]

A diminutive form of Mosa, meaning "little Meuse".


Erymanthus

Erymanthus m sg (genitive Erymanthī); second declension

Erymanthī (genitive)
Erymanthus (nominative singular)
Erymanthī (genitive singular)
Erymanthō (dative singular)
Erymanthum (accusative singular)
Erymanthō (ablative singular)
Erymanthe (singular vocative)

[ɛrʏˈmän̪t̪ʰʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐρῠ́μανθος (Erŭ́manthos).


Avernus

Avernus m sg (genitive Avernī); second declension

Avernī (genitive)
Avernus (nominative singular)
Avernī (genitive singular)
Avernō (dative singular)
Avernum (accusative singular)
Avernō (ablative singular)
Averne (singular vocative)
Avernī (locative singular)

Catalan: avern

English: Avernus

Galician: averno

Italian: Averno

Portuguese: averno

Spanish: averno

Ancient Greek ἄορνος (áornos), ἄϝορνος (áwornos, “birdless”), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”). The lack of birds was likely due to fatal gases like carbon dioxide seeping from the volcanically active lake.


Araxes

Araxēs m sg (genitive Araxis); third declension

Araxēs (canonical masculine singular)
Araxis (genitive)
Araxēs (nominative singular)
Araxis (genitive singular)
Araxī (dative singular)
Araxem (accusative singular)
Araxe (ablative singular)
Araxēs (singular vocative)
Araxī (locative singular)
Araxe (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀράξης (Aráxēs).

A large river in Armenia, now the river Araks


Tempe

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τέμπη (Témpē).

A valley in Thessaly, modern Greece, through which ran the river Peneus


Alander

Alander m sg (genitive Alandrī); second declension

Alandrī (genitive)
Alander (nominative singular)
Alandrī (genitive singular)
Alandrō (dative singular)
Alandrum (accusative singular)
Alandrō (ablative singular)
Alander (singular vocative)

[äˈɫ̪än̪d̪ɛr]


portus

la-noun

portus m (genitive portūs); fourth declension

portūs (genitive)
portus (nominative singular)
portūs (nominative plural)
portūs (genitive singular)
portuum (genitive plural)
portuī (dative singular)
portibus (dative plural)
portum (accusative singular)
portūs (accusative plural)
portū (ablative singular)
portibus (ablative plural)
portus (singular vocative)
portūs (plural vocative)

Corsican: portu

Gallurese: poltu

desctree

Italian: porto
→ Romanian: port
→⇒ Slavomolisano: lupuort

Neapolitan: puorto

Old Leonese:

desc

Asturian: puertu, puerto, puirtu, puorto, puörtu, porto, portu

Old Occitan: port

Catalan: port

Occitan: pòrt

Old Galician-Portuguese: porto

Galician: porto

Portuguese: porto

Old Spanish: puerto

Spanish: puerto

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: puart

Ladin: port

Romansch: port

Sardinian: poltu, portu

Sicilian: portu

Venetan: porto

→ Proto-Brythonic: *porθ (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Old French: port
French: port
→ Romanian: port
Norman: port
→ Middle High German: port
German: Port
→ Russian: порт (port)

→ Faroese: portur

→ Proto-West Germanic: *port (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Irish: port (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Polish: port (learned)
Polish: port
→ Kashubian: pòrt

From Proto-Italic *portus, from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”). Cognates include Northern Kurdish pir (“bridge”), Russian пере́ть (perétʹ, “push forward”), Old Norse fjǫrðr (“firth, fjord”) and Old English ford (English ford). See also porta.


pontus

la-noun

pontus m (genitive pontī); second declension

pontī (genitive)
pontus (nominative singular)
pontī (nominative plural)
pontī (genitive singular)
pontōrum (genitive plural)
pontō (dative singular)
pontīs (dative plural)
pontum (accusative singular)
pontōs (accusative plural)
pontō (ablative singular)
pontīs (ablative plural)
ponte (singular vocative)
pontī (plural vocative)

Spanish: ponto

[ˈpɔn̪t̪ʊs̠]

Pontus Euxinus

Intereā magnō miscērī murmure pontum,
ēmissamque hiemem sēnsit Neptūnus, et īmīs
stāgna refūsa vadīs, graviter commōtus; ….
Meanwhile, that with a mighty roar the sea was being intermixed, and that a storm had been sent forth – Neptune felt [it] – and that stillwaters from the deepest sea-bottoms had been thrown upwards – [the god was now] seriously concerned.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.124–126

(Neptune (mythology) had given no assent to this disturbance of his kingdom.)


Samara

la-proper noun

Samara f sg (genitive Samarae); first declension

Samarae (genitive)
Samara (nominative singular)
Samarae (genitive singular)
Samarae (dative singular)
Samaram (accusative singular)
Samarā (ablative singular)
Samara (singular vocative)


amnis

la-noun

amnis m (genitive amnis); third declension

amnis (genitive)
amnis (nominative singular)
amnēs (nominative plural)
amnis (genitive singular)
amnium (genitive plural)
amnī (dative singular)
amnibus (dative plural)
amnem (accusative singular)
amnēs (accusative plural)
amnīs (accusative plural)
amne (ablative singular)
amnī (ablative singular)
amnibus (ablative plural)
amnis (singular vocative)
amnēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ebʰ-n- (“river”), from the root *h₂ebʰ-, *h₂ep- (“water”). Compare Old Irish aub (“river”), Albanian amë (“river”).

… ruunt dē montibus amnēs.

[Heavy rain falls:] Torrents rush down the mountains.

Broad, deep flowing, rapid water; stream, torrent, river; ocean; liquid; current.


Savo

la-proper noun

Sāvō f sg (genitive Sāvōnis); third declension

Sāvō (canonical feminine singular)
Sāvōnis (genitive)
Sāvō (nominative singular)
Sāvōnis (genitive singular)
Sāvōnī (dative singular)
Sāvōnem (accusative singular)
Sāvōne (ablative singular)
Sāvō (singular vocative)


rivus

la-noun

rīvus m (genitive rīvī); second declension

rīvus (canonical masculine)
rīvī (genitive)
rīvus (nominative singular)
rīvī (nominative plural)
rīvī (genitive singular)
rīvōrum (genitive plural)
rīvō (dative singular)
rīvīs (dative plural)
rīvum (accusative singular)
rīvōs (accusative plural)
rīvō (ablative singular)
rīvīs (ablative plural)
rīve (singular vocative)
rīvī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: arãu, rãu

Romanian: râu

Italo-Romance:

Italian: rio, rivo

Neapolitan: rijo

Sicilian: rìu, rivu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: arriu, ribu

North Italian:

Venetan: rio

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: riu

Franco-Provençal: rio

French: ru

Gascon: arriu

Occitan: riu

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: río

Old Leonese:

Asturian: ríu

Extremaduran: riu

Leonese: ríu

Mirandese: riu

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: rio
Fala: ríu
Galician: río
Portuguese: rio

Old Spanish:

Ladino: rio

Spanish: río

Papiamentu: riu

Vulgar Latin: *rīvusculus (see there for further descendants)

From Old Latin rivos, from Proto-Italic *rīwos (“stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃riH-wó-s (“whirling”), from *h₃reyH- (“to stream, churn”).


Achates

la-proper noun

Achātēs m sg (genitive Achātae); first declension

Achātēs (canonical masculine singular)
Achātae (genitive)
Achātēs (nominative singular)
Achātae (genitive singular)
Achātae (dative singular)
Achātēn (accusative singular)
Achātē (ablative singular)
Achātē (singular vocative)

[ˈäkʰät̪eːs̠]

A river in Sicily, known as the place where agates were found, now the river Dirillo


Oxus

Ōxus m sg (genitive Ōxī); second declension

Ōxus (canonical masculine singular)
Ōxī (genitive)
Ōxus (nominative singular)
Ōxī (genitive singular)
Ōxō (dative singular)
Ōxum (accusative singular)
Ōxō (ablative singular)
Ōxe (singular vocative)
Ōxī (locative singular)


Ecbatana

Ecbatana n pl (genitive Ecbatanōrum); second declension

Ecbatanōrum (genitive)
Ecbatana (nominative plural)
Ecbatanōrum (genitive plural)
Ecbatanīs (dative plural)
Ecbatana (accusative plural)
Ecbatanīs (ablative plural)
Ecbatana (plural vocative)
Ecbatanīs (locative plural)

[ɛɡˈbät̪änä]

From Ancient Greek Ἐκβάτανα (Ekbátana), itself from Old Persian 𐏃𐎥𐎶𐎫𐎠𐎴 (Ha(n)gmatāna).

Ecbatana (the ancient capital of Media, in modern-day Iran)


Phasis

Phāsis m sg (genitive Phāsis or Phāsidis or Phāsidos); third declension

Phāsis (canonical masculine singular)
Phāsis (genitive)
Phāsidis (genitive)
Phāsidos (genitive)

[ˈpʰäːs̠ɪs̠]

An important river of Colchis, now called Rioni


stagnum

la-noun

stāgnum n (genitive stāgnī); second declension

stāgnum (canonical neuter)
stāgnī (genitive)
stāgnum (nominative singular)
stāgna (nominative plural)
stāgnī (genitive singular)
stāgnōrum (genitive plural)
stāgnō (dative singular)
stāgnīs (dative plural)
stāgnum (accusative singular)
stāgna (accusative plural)
stāgnō (ablative singular)
stāgnīs (ablative plural)
stāgnum (singular vocative)
stāgna (plural vocative)

Catalan: estany

Italian: stagno

Occitan: estanh

Spanish: estanque

Portuguese: estanque

[ˈs̠t̪äːŋnʊ̃ˑ]

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to seep, drip”), whence also Ancient Greek στάζω (stázō, “to drip”) (with different ablaut grade), as well as Old Breton staer (“river, brook”). Conversely, possibly related to Ancient Greek τέναγος (ténagos, “shoal water, shallows”).

der

pond, swamp, fen; any piece of standing water


Margus

la-proper noun

Margus m sg (genitive Margī); second declension

Margī (genitive)
Margus (nominative singular)
Margī (genitive singular)
Margō (dative singular)
Margum (accusative singular)
Margō (ablative singular)
Marge (singular vocative)


Pactolus

Pactōlus m sg (genitive Pactōlī); second declension

Pactōlus (canonical masculine singular)
Pactōlī (genitive)
Pactōlus (nominative singular)
Pactōlī (genitive singular)
Pactōlō (dative singular)
Pactōlum (accusative singular)
Pactōlō (ablative singular)
Pactōle (singular vocative)

[päkˈt̪oːɫ̪ʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πακτωλός (Paktōlós).


Hyllus

Hyllus m sg (genitive Hyllī); second declension

Hyllī (genitive)
Hyllus (nominative singular)
Hyllī (genitive singular)
Hyllō (dative singular)
Hyllum (accusative singular)
Hyllō (ablative singular)
Hylle (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) The son of Heracles and Deianira


Sybaris

Sybaris m sg (genitive Sybaris); third declension

Sybaris (genitive)
Sybaris (nominative singular)
Sybaris (genitive singular)
Sybarī (dative singular)
Sybarim (accusative singular)
Sybarin (accusative singular)
Sybarī (ablative singular)
Sybaris (singular vocative)

[ˈs̠ʏbärɪs̠]

A river in Bruttium that flows into the Ionian Sea, now the river Coscile


aestuarium

la-noun

aestuārium n (genitive aestuāriī or aestuārī); second declension

aestuārium (canonical neuter)
aestuāriī (genitive)
aestuārī (genitive)
aestuārium (nominative singular)
aestuāria (nominative plural)
aestuāriī (genitive singular)
aestuārī (genitive singular)
aestuāriōrum (genitive plural)
aestuāriō (dative singular)
aestuāriīs (dative plural)
aestuārium (accusative singular)
aestuāria (accusative plural)
aestuāriō (ablative singular)
aestuāriīs (ablative plural)
aestuārium (singular vocative)
aestuāria (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: estuari

Old French: estier

French: étier

Galician: esteiro

→ German: Ästuar

Italian: estuario

Piedmontese: estuari

Portuguese: esteiro; → estuário

Spanish: estero; → estuario

→ English: estuary

[äe̯s̠t̪uˈäːriʊ̃ˑ]

From aestus (“tide”) + -ārium (“place for”).


Nigella

la-proper noun

Nigella m sg (genitive Nigellae); first declension

Nigellae (genitive)
Nigella (nominative singular)
Nigellae (genitive singular)
Nigellae (dative singular)
Nigellam (accusative singular)
Nigellā (ablative singular)
Nigella (singular vocative)

[niˈd͡ʒɛlːä]

A river of Gallia Cisalpina mentioned in the Tabula Peutingeriana


Crotalus

Crotalus m sg (genitive Crotalī); second declension

Crotalī (genitive)
Crotalus (nominative singular)
Crotalī (genitive singular)
Crotalō (dative singular)
Crotalum (accusative singular)
Crotalō (ablative singular)
Crotale (singular vocative)

[ˈkrɔt̪äɫ̪ʊs̠]

A small river in Bruttium, now called Corace


Mosa

Mosa m sg (genitive Mosae); first declension

Mosae (genitive)
Mosa (nominative singular)
Mosae (genitive singular)
Mosae (dative singular)
Mosam (accusative singular)
Mosā (ablative singular)
Mosa (singular vocative)

Catalan: Mosa

French: Meuse

English: Meuse

Luxembourgish: Meuse

Swedish: Meuse

Italian: Mosa

Portuguese: Mosa

Spanish: Mosa

Walloon: Moûze

From Celtic, deriving from Proto-Celtic *mosā, of uncertain origin; possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mā- (“to stupefy”) in the sense of the river's tortuousness, cognate with Proto-Germanic *masōną (“to confound, be weary, dream”) (modern English maze), Welsh mydu (“to vault, arch”), Old Norse meis (“curvatura”).
Or, Albrecht Greule writes that it could perhaps be from *meh₂d-, whence Latin madeō (“I am wet”) and Ancient Greek μεστός (mestós, “full”).
Compare also Proto-Germanic *Masō (Dutch Maas), presumably from the same source.

cog

Meuse or Maas (a river in what was Belgic Gaul)


oceanus

la-noun

ōceanus m (genitive ōceanī); second declension

ōceanus (canonical masculine)
ōceanī (genitive)
ōceanus (nominative singular)
ōceanī (nominative plural)
ōceanī (genitive singular)
ōceanōrum (genitive plural)
ōceanō (dative singular)
ōceanīs (dative plural)
ōceanum (accusative singular)
ōceanōs (accusative plural)
ōceanō (ablative singular)
ōceanīs (ablative plural)
ōceane (singular vocative)
ōceanī (plural vocative)

Catalan: oceà

French: océan m

Friulian: ocean

Italian: oceano

Occitan: ocean m

Piedmontese: ocean

Romanian: ocean n

Sicilian: ucèanu

Spanish: océano

→ Basque: ozeano

→ Dutch: oceaan

→ English: ocean

→ Galician: océano

→ German: Ozean

desctree

→ Old Irish: océn
Irish: aigéan
Scottish Gaelic: aigeann

→ Portuguese: oceano

→ Welsh: eigion

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὠκεᾰνός m (ōkeănós).


Orontes

la-proper noun

Orontēs m sg (genitive Orontae); first declension

Orontēs (canonical masculine singular)
Orontae (genitive)
Orontēs (nominative singular)
Orontae (genitive singular)
Orontae (dative singular)
Orontēn (accusative singular)
Orontē (ablative singular)
Orontē (singular vocative)

[ɔˈrɔn̪t̪eːs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀρόντης (Oróntēs).


Sena

Sēna m sg (genitive Sēnae); first declension

Sēna (canonical masculine singular)
Sēnae (genitive)
Sēna (nominative singular)
Sēnae (genitive singular)
Sēnae (dative singular)
Sēnam (accusative singular)
Sēnā (ablative singular)
Sēna (singular vocative)


Salo

Salō m sg (genitive Salōnis); third declension

Salō (canonical masculine singular)
Salōnis (genitive)
Salō (nominative singular)
Salōnis (genitive singular)
Salōnī (dative singular)
Salōnem (accusative singular)
Salōne (ablative singular)
Salō (singular vocative)

Bascuas derived the river name from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“flowing water”), a variant of *ser- (“to flow”), an example of Old European hydronymy. Compare the cognates listed at Latvian sala (“island”).

der

A river in Hispania Tarraconensis that flows near Bilbilis and then into the Iberus, now the Jalón


Tatta

la-proper noun

Tatta f sg (genitive Tattae); first declension

Tattae (genitive)
Tatta (nominative singular)
Tattae (genitive singular)
Tattae (dative singular)
Tattam (accusative singular)
Tattā (ablative singular)
Tatta (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τάττα (Tátta).

A large salt lake on the frontier between Lycaonia and Galatia, now the Lake Tuz


Oceanus Pacificus

Ōceanus Pācificus m sg (genitive Ōceanī Pācificī); second declension

Ōceanus Pācificus (canonical masculine singular)
Ōceanī Pācificī (genitive)
Ōceanus Pācificus (nominative singular)
Ōceanī Pācificī (genitive singular)
Ōceanō Pācificō (dative singular)
Ōceanum Pācificum (accusative singular)
Ōceanō Pācificō (ablative singular)
Ōceane Pācifice (singular vocative)

[oːˈkeänʊs̠ päːˈkɪfɪkʊs̠]

Etymology tree
Latin Ōceanus?
Latin pācificus?
Latin Ōceanus Pācificus
Possibly from Ōceanus + pācificus.

etymon

Ōceanus Pācificus


Cappadox

la-proper noun

Cappadox m sg (genitive Cappadocis); third declension

Cappadocis (genitive)
Cappadox (nominative singular)
Cappadocis (genitive singular)
Cappadocī (dative singular)
Cappadocem (accusative singular)
Cappadoce (ablative singular)
Cappadox (singular vocative)

[ˈkäpːäd̪ɔks̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Καππάδοξ (Kappádox).

bor+

A river in Cappadocia, modern Turkey, perhaps the modern Delice


Lycus

la-proper noun

Lycus m sg (genitive Lycī); second declension

Lycī (genitive)
Lycus (nominative singular)
Lycī (genitive singular)
Lycō (dative singular)
Lycum (accusative singular)
Lycō (ablative singular)
Lyce (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λύκος (Lúkos). Doublet of lupus and lycos.

a male given name, character in the play Poenulus of Plautus


Tiberis

Tiberis m sg (genitive Tiberis); third declension

Tiberis (genitive)
Tiberis (nominative singular)
Tiberis (genitive singular)
Tiberī (dative singular)
Tiberim (accusative singular)
Tiberin (accusative singular)
Tiberī (ablative singular)
Tiberis (singular vocative)

English: Tiber

→ German: Tiber

French: Tibre

Hungarian: Tevere

Italian: Tevere

Polish: Tyber

Sicilian: Tìviri

[ˈt̪ɪbɛrɪs̠]

A pre-Roman name, suggested origins include:
* From Proto-Italic *Tiβeris. Cognate with Faliscan *Tiferis (cf. Etruscan praenomen Thefarie < Faliscan *Tiferios (“(He) from the Tiber”), equivalent to Latin Tiberius). *Tiβeris and *Tiferis may come from the same root as temerō, from Proto-Italic *temezi (“in darkness, blindly”), a fossilised locative form of Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”), from *temH- (“dark”). See Thames.
* From Celtic *dubros (“water”), or otherwise from its same ultimate source, Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep, dark, hazy”). See Dover.
* From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to flow, to melt”), found in hydronyms. This could correspond to the Umbrian counterpart Tifernum Tiberinum with the eastern Italic sound shift bh > f.
More at Tiber.

der

The Tiber River, which flows through Rome


Laud

A river in Mauretania, mentioned by Pliny


Hiberus

la-proper noun

Hibērus m sg (genitive Hibērī); second declension

Hibērus (canonical masculine singular)
Hibērī (genitive)
Hibērus (nominative singular)
Hibērī (genitive singular)
Hibērō (dative singular)
Hibērum (accusative singular)
Hibērō (ablative singular)
Hibēre (singular vocative)

Catalan: Ebre

Portuguese: Ebro

Spanish: Ebro

From the Ancient Greek Ἴβηρος (Íbēros), Ἴβηρ (Íbēr), of unknown meaning; possibly a local hydronym. Compare Basque ibar (“valley”), ibai (“river”) as well as the rivers Ibar and Evros (Ancient Greek Ἕβρος (Hébros)).

the River Iberus, now the Ebro (a river in Hispania Tarraconensis that flows into the Mediterranean)


Nilus

Nīlus m sg (genitive Nīlī); second declension

Nīlus (canonical masculine singular)
Nīlī (genitive)
Nīlus (nominative singular)
Nīlī (genitive singular)
Nīlō (dative singular)
Nīlum (accusative singular)
Nīlō (ablative singular)
Nīle (singular vocative)


Nilotis

la-adj

Nīlōtis (genitive Nīlōtidis); third-declension one-termination adjective

Nīlōtis (canonical)
Nīlōtidis (genitive)
Nīlōtis (nominative singular)
Nīlōtidēs (nominative plural)
Nīlōtides (nominative plural)
Nīlōtidis (genitive singular)
Nīlōtidos (genitive singular)
Nīlōtidum (genitive plural)
Nīlōtidī (dative singular)
Nīlōtidibus (dative plural)
Nīlōtidem (accusative singular)
Nīlōtida (accusative singular)
Nīlōtidēs (accusative plural)
Nīlōtidas (accusative plural)
Nīlōtide (ablative singular)
Nīlōtidibus (ablative plural)
Nīlōtis (singular vocative)
Nīlōtidēs (plural vocative)
Nīlōtides (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

Third-declension adjective, feminine only.

[niːˈɫ̪oːt̪ɪs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Νειλῶτις (Neilôtis), feminine of Νειλώτης (Neilṓtēs).

bor+

candida Sidonio perlucent pectora filo, / quod Nilotis acus conpressum pectine Serum / solvit et extenso laxavit stamina velo.

Quando eques et picti tunica Nilotide Mauri / Ibitis, et populi vox erit una 'Venit'?

86 CE – 103 CE, Martial, Epigrammata 10.6.7

1993 translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey
When shall the cavalry ride and the painted Moors in their tunics of Nile, and one voice of the people be heard: “He comes.”

et post haec portum Alingonis tam piger calcas, ac si tibi nunc esset ad limitem Danuvinum contra incursaces Massagetas proficiscendum, vel si nunc etiam tuae navi stagna Nilotidis aquae per indigenas formidata crocodillos transfretarentur

c. 430 CE – c. 489 CE, Sidonius Apollinaris, Epistolae 8.12

Alter Alexandri nilotidas abnegat arces
Exosus natale solum, tumidamque colosso

Solis et irriguam pluvio Rhodon expetit auro.

Reddiderant olim celebrem Nilotida Memphim
Ardua Pyramidum moles grandesque colossi,

c. 1480 – 1490, Faustino Perisauli, De triumpho stultitiae

At modo nulla vides operis vestigia tanti


Achelous

la-proper noun

Achelōus m sg (genitive Achelōī); second declension

Achelōus (canonical masculine singular)
Achelōī (genitive)
Achelōus (nominative singular)
Achelōī (genitive singular)
Achelōō (dative singular)
Achelōum (accusative singular)
Achelōō (ablative singular)
Achelōe (singular vocative)

[äkʰɛˈɫ̪oːʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀχελῷος (Akhelôios).

A river in Greece, forming the boundary between Acarnania and Aetolia.


Axon

Axōn m sg (genitive Axōnis); third declension

Axōn (canonical masculine singular)
Axōnis (genitive)
Axōn (nominative singular)
Axōnis (genitive singular)
Axōnī (dative singular)
Axōnem (accusative singular)
Axōne (ablative singular)
Axōn (singular vocative)


Munda

Munda f sg (genitive Mundae); first declension

Mundae (genitive)
Munda (nominative singular)
Mundae (genitive singular)
Mundae (dative singular)
Mundam (accusative singular)
Mundā (ablative singular)
Munda (singular vocative)
Mundae (locative singular)

Believed to be from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, possibly Hispano-Celtic.


Mare Nostrum

Mare Nostrum n sg (genitive Maris Nostrī); third declension

Maris Nostrī (genitive)
Mare Nostrum (nominative singular)
Maris Nostrī (genitive singular)
Marī Nostrō (dative singular)
Mare Nostrum (accusative singular)
Marī Nostrō (ablative singular)
Mare Nostrum (singular vocative)

[ˈmärɛ ˈnɔs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]

[…] multis gentibus eorum deductis illo a Tigrane Magno, sponte vero ad mare nostrum litusque Aegyptium […]

79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, vi, 47 (alt. 32)

[…] many of their tribes having been brought to that place by Tigranes the Great, but [some having come] willingly to the Mediterranean and the Egyptian coast […]

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Mediterranean Sea (a sea), Literally, “Our Sea”


Cocytus

Cōcȳtus m sg (genitive Cōcȳtī); second declension

Cōcȳtus (canonical masculine singular)
Cōcȳtī (genitive)
Cōcȳtus (nominative singular)
Cōcȳtī (genitive singular)
Cōcȳtō (dative singular)
Cōcȳtum (accusative singular)
Cōcȳtō (ablative singular)
Cōcȳte (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Κωκυτός (Kōkutós, “lamentation”).

uder

the Cocytus, one of the five rivers of the Greek underworld


Tanais

la-proper noun

Tanais m sg (genitive Tanais); third declension

Tanais (genitive)
Tanais (nominative singular)
Tanais (genitive singular)
Tanaī (dative singular)
Tanaim (accusative singular)
Tanain (accusative singular)
Tanaī (ablative singular)
Tanais (singular vocative)

Translingual: Tanais

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τάναϊς (Tánaïs).

Don (a river, the fifth-longest in Europe, in modern Tula, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Volgograd and Rostov Oblasts, Russia)


Cereus

Cēreus m sg (genitive Cēreī); second declension

Cēreus (canonical masculine singular)
Cēreī (genitive)
Cēreus (nominative singular)
Cēreī (genitive singular)
Cēreō (dative singular)
Cēreum (accusative singular)
Cēreō (ablative singular)
Cēree (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κηρεύς (Kēreús).


Arabis

Arabis m sg (genitive Arabis); third declension

Arabis (genitive)
Arabis (nominative singular)
Arabis (genitive singular)
Arabī (dative singular)
Arabim (accusative singular)
Arabī (ablative singular)
Arabis (singular vocative)

Gedrosos, qui Arabim amnem accolunt, Alexandri Magni classium praefecti prodiderunt in domibus fores maxillis beluarum facere, ossibus tecta contignare, ex quibus multa quadragenum cubitorum longitudinis reperta.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 9.2


Cerbalus

Cerbālus m sg (genitive Cerbālī); second declension

Cerbālus (canonical masculine singular)
Cerbālī (genitive)
Cerbālus (nominative singular)
Cerbālī (genitive singular)
Cerbālō (dative singular)
Cerbālum (accusative singular)
Cerbālō (ablative singular)
Cerbāle (singular vocative)

[kɛrˈbäːɫ̪ʊs̠]

A river in Apulia, that formed the boundary of the Daunii's territory, now the river Cervaro


Alpheus

Alphēus m sg (genitive Alphēī); second declension

Alphēus (canonical masculine singular)
Alphēī (genitive)
Alphēus (nominative singular)
Alphēī (genitive singular)
Alphēō (dative singular)
Alphēum (accusative singular)
Alphēō (ablative singular)
Alphēe (singular vocative)

[äɫ̪ˈpʰeːʊs̠]

Alfeios (a river in Peloponnesus, Greece), which flows in the Ionian Sea in Elis


Granicus

Grānīcus m sg (genitive Grānīcī); second declension

Grānīcus (canonical masculine singular)
Grānīcī (genitive)
Grānīcus (nominative singular)
Grānīcī (genitive singular)
Grānīcō (dative singular)
Grānīcum (accusative singular)
Grānīcō (ablative singular)
Grānīce (singular vocative)

[ɡräːˈniːkʊs̠]

An important river in Troas, now the Biga Çayı


Baetis

Baetis m sg (genitive Baetis); third declension

Baetis (genitive)
Baetis (nominative singular)
Baetis (genitive singular)
Baetī (dative singular)
Baetim (accusative singular)
Baetin (accusative singular)
Baete (ablative singular)
Baetī (ablative singular)
Baetis (singular vocative)

→ Portuguese: Bétis (learned)

[ˈbäe̯t̪ɪs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βαῖτις (Baîtis).


Pindus

Pindus m sg (genitive Pindī); second declension

Pindī (genitive)
Pindus (nominative singular)
Pindī (genitive singular)
Pindō (dative singular)
Pindum (accusative singular)
Pindō (ablative singular)
Pinde (singular vocative)
Pindī (locative singular)

[ˈpɪn̪d̪ʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πίνδος (Píndos).

A long range of mountains situated in northern Greece

One of the towns of the tetrapolis of Doris

A river of Doris flowing into the Cephisus


Stymphalus

Stymphālus m sg (genitive Stymphālī); second declension

Stymphālus (canonical masculine singular)
Stymphālī (genitive)
Stymphālus (nominative singular)
Stymphālī (genitive singular)
Stymphālō (dative singular)
Stymphālum (accusative singular)
Stymphālō (ablative singular)
Stymphāle (singular vocative)
Stymphālī (locative singular)

[s̠t̪ʏmˈpʰäːɫ̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Στύμφαλος (Stúmphalos).

A mountain, lake, and ancient town in Arcadia, in modern Greece


Gelbes

Gelbēs m sg (genitive Gelbis); third declension

Gelbēs (canonical masculine singular)
Gelbis (genitive)
Gelbēs (nominative singular)
Gelbis (genitive singular)
Gelbī (dative singular)
Gelbem (accusative singular)
Gelbe (ablative singular)
Gelbēs (singular vocative)

[ˈɡɛɫ̪beːs̠]


Arius

Arīus m sg (genitive Arīī); second declension

Arīus (canonical masculine singular)
Arīī (genitive)
Arīus (nominative singular)
Arīī (genitive singular)
Arīō (dative singular)
Arīum (accusative singular)
Arīō (ablative singular)
Arī (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄρειος (Áreios, from Ἄρης (Árēs, “Ares”) + -ιος (-ios)).

bor

A male given name from Ancient Greek, held most famously by Arius, Christian theologian and proverbial heretic (c. 250 – 336 CE).


Ascanius

la-proper noun

Ascanius m sg (genitive Ascaniī or Ascanī); second declension

Ascaniī (genitive)
Ascanī (genitive)
Ascanius (nominative singular)
Ascaniī (genitive singular)
Ascanī (genitive singular)
Ascaniō (dative singular)
Ascanium (accusative singular)
Ascaniō (ablative singular)
Ascanī (singular vocative)

A river and lake in Bithynia, mentioned by Pliny


Varus

Vārus m sg (genitive Vārī); second declension

Vārus (canonical masculine singular)
Vārī (genitive)
Vārus (nominative singular)
Vārī (genitive singular)
Vārō (dative singular)
Vārum (accusative singular)
Vārō (ablative singular)
Vāre (singular vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“water, rain, flow”); see also the river Avara.

der

Gallia Narbonensis
Gallia Narbonensis#English

Var (a river in Gallia Narbonensis), which flowed into the Mediterranean Sea near Nicaea


Palo

la-proper noun

Palō m sg (genitive Palōnis); third declension

Palō (canonical masculine singular)
Palōnis (genitive)
Palō (nominative singular)
Palōnis (genitive singular)
Palōnī (dative singular)
Palōnem (accusative singular)
Palōne (ablative singular)
Palō (singular vocative)


Glaucus

Glaucus m sg (genitive Glaucī); second declension

Glaucī (genitive)
Glaucus (nominative singular)
Glaucī (genitive singular)
Glaucō (dative singular)
Glaucum (accusative singular)
Glaucō (ablative singular)
Glauce (singular vocative)

[ˈɡɫ̪äu̯kʊs̠]

The name of several rivers of Asia Minor


Asama

Asama f sg (genitive Asamae); first declension

Asamae (genitive)
Asama (nominative singular)
Asamae (genitive singular)
Asamae (dative singular)
Asamam (accusative singular)
Asamā (ablative singular)
Asama (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀσάμα (Asáma).

A river of Mauritania probably the Tensift


Ituna

Ituna f sg (genitive Itunae); first declension

Itunae (genitive)
Ituna (nominative singular)
Itunae (genitive singular)
Itunae (dative singular)
Itunam (accusative singular)
Itunā (ablative singular)
Ituna (singular vocative)


Inopus

Īnōpus m sg (genitive Īnōpī); second declension

Īnōpus (canonical masculine singular)
Īnōpī (genitive)
Īnōpus (nominative singular)
Īnōpī (genitive singular)
Īnōpō (dative singular)
Īnōpum (accusative singular)
Īnōpō (ablative singular)
Īnōpe (singular vocative)
Īnōpī (locative singular)

From the Ancient Greek Ἰ̄νωπός (Īnōpós).

a fountain and river on the island of Delos, where Leto brought forth Apollo and Artemis (It is said to have risen and fallen at the same time as the Nile, and hence was supposed to be connected with it by a subterranean channel.)


Tamesis

Tamesis m sg (genitive Tamesis); third declension

Tamesis (genitive)
Tamesis (nominative singular)
Tamesis (genitive singular)
Tamesī (dative singular)
Tamesem (accusative singular)
Tamese (ablative singular)
Tamesis (singular vocative)
Tamesī (locative singular)
Tamese (locative singular)

Catalan: Tàmesi

Spanish: Támesis

[ˈt̪ämɛs̠ɪs̠]

Borrowed and Latinized from Proto-Brythonic *Tamesis. See Thames and its listed cognates.

the Thames (a river in Britain that runs through London)


Padus

Padus m sg (genitive Padī); second declension

Padī (genitive)
Padus (nominative singular)
Padī (genitive singular)
Padō (dative singular)
Padum (accusative singular)
Padō (ablative singular)
Pade (singular vocative)

>? Italian: Po (from Gallo-Italic?)

From Ancient Ligurian Bodincus, Bodencus (“bottomless”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn. The name could have been borrowed through Ancient Greek Πάδος (Pádos).


Arethusa

Arethūsa f (genitive Arethūsae); first declension

Arethūsa (canonical feminine)
Arethūsae (genitive)
Arethūsa (nominative singular)
Arethūsae (genitive singular)
Arethūsae (dative singular)
Arethūsam (accusative singular)
Arethūsā (ablative singular)
Arethūsa (singular vocative)
Arethūsae (locative singular)

Translingual: Arethusa

[ärɛˈt̪ʰuːs̠ä]

From Ancient Greek Ἀρέθουσα (Aréthousa).

A lake in Armenia, through which the Tigris flows


Mare Vergivium

Mare Vergivium n sg (genitive Maris Vergiviī); third declension

Maris Vergiviī (genitive)
Mare Vergivium (nominative singular)
Maris Vergiviī (genitive singular)
Marī Vergiviō (dative singular)
Mare Vergivium (accusative singular)
Marī Vergiviō (ablative singular)
Mare Vergivium (singular vocative)

mare (“sea”) + vergivius (“Of or pertaining to the Celtic Sea or Irish Sea”)

Irish Sea (a sea between Ireland and Great Britain)


Alazon

Alāzōn m sg (genitive Alāzonos); third declension

Alāzōn (canonical masculine singular)
Alāzonos (genitive)
Alāzōn (nominative singular)
Alāzonos (genitive singular)
Alāzonī (dative singular)
Alāzona (accusative singular)
Alāzone (ablative singular)
Alāzōn (singular vocative)

[äˈɫ̪äːz̪d̪͡z̪oːn]

[äˈläd̪ː͡z̪on]

nec procul albentes gemina ferit aclyde parmas, // hiberni qui terga Novae gelidumque securi // eruit et tota non audit Alazona ripa.

AD 70–79, Gaius Valerius Flaccus (author), Otto Kramer (editor), Argonautica (C. Valeri Flacci Setini Balbi Argonauticon Libri Octo, 1913), book VI, lines 99–101

Planitiem omnem a Cyro usque Albanorum gens tenet, mox Hiberum discreta ab his amne Alazone in Cyrum Caucasis montibus defluente.

AD 77–79, Gaius Plinius Secundus (author), Harris Rackham (translator), Naturalis Historia, book VI, chapter xi, § 29 (volume II [1942], page 358)

All the plain from the Kur onward is occupied by the race of the Albani and then that of the Hiberes, separated from the Albani by the river Alazon, which flows down from Mount Caucasus into the Cyrus. ― translation from the same source, page 359

Caucasian Albania
Caucasian Albania#English

the Alazani or Qanıx (a river in Caucasian Albania)


Bryazon

Bryazōn m sg (genitive Bryazontis); third declension

Bryazōn (canonical masculine singular)
Bryazontis (genitive)
Bryazōn (nominative singular)
Bryazontis (genitive singular)
Bryazontī (dative singular)
Bryazontem (accusative singular)
Bryazonte (ablative singular)
Bryazōn (singular vocative)

sunt in ora amnes Aesius, Bryazon, Plataneus, Areus, Aesyros, Geudos, qui et Chrysorroas, promunturium in quo Megarice oppidum fuit.

AD 77–79, Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia, book V, chapter xliii, § 148


Mare Hibernicum

Mare Hibernicum n sg (genitive Maris Hibernicī); third declension

Maris Hibernicī (genitive)
Mare Hibernicum (nominative singular)
Maris Hibernicī (genitive singular)
Marī Hibernicō (dative singular)
Mare Hibernicum (accusative singular)
Marī Hibernicō (ablative singular)
Mare Hibernicum (singular vocative)


Iaxartes

Iaxartēs m sg (genitive Iaxartis); third declension

Iaxartēs (canonical masculine singular)
Iaxartis (genitive)
Iaxartēs (nominative singular)
Iaxartis (genitive singular)
Iaxartī (dative singular)
Iaxartem (accusative singular)
Iaxarte (ablative singular)
Iaxartēs (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰαξάρτης (Iaxártēs).


Oenus

Oenūs m sg (genitive Oenūntos); third declension

Oenūs (canonical masculine singular)
Oenūntos (genitive)
Oenūs (nominative singular)
Oenūntos (genitive singular)
Oenūntī (dative singular)
Oenūnta (accusative singular)
Oenūnte (ablative singular)
Oenūs (singular vocative)

Quinctius satis iam omnibus parātīs prōfectus ab statīvīs diē alterō ad Sellasiam super Oenūnta fluvium pervēnit, quō in locō Antigonus Macedonum rēx cum Cleomenē Lacedaemoniōrum tyrannō signīs conlātīs dīmicāsse dīcēbātur.

201 BCE – 167 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita Libri, Book XXXIV, §28.1:

Quinctius, when all his preparations were now sufficiently made, decamped; and, on the second day, came to Sellasia, on the river Oenus, on the spot where it is said Antigonus, king of Macedonia, fought a pitched battle with Cleomenes, tyrant of Lacedaemon.


Pontus Euxinus

Pontus Euxīnus m sg (genitive Pontī Euxīnī); second declension

Pontus Euxīnus (canonical masculine singular)
Pontī Euxīnī (genitive)
Pontus Euxīnus (nominative singular)
Pontī Euxīnī (genitive singular)
Pontō Euxīnō (dative singular)
Pontum Euxīnum (accusative singular)
Pontō Euxīnō (ablative singular)
Ponte Euxīne (singular vocative)

[ˈpɔn̪t̪ʊs̠ ɛu̯kˈs̠iːnʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Εὔξεινος Πόντος (Eúxeinos Póntos, “hospitable sea”).

der

Εὔξεινος Πόντος


Propontis

la-proper noun

Propontis f sg (genitive Propontidos or Propontidis); third declension

Propontidos (genitive)
Propontidis (genitive)
Propontis (nominative singular)
Propontidos (genitive singular)
Propontidis (genitive singular)
Propontidī (dative singular)
Propontida (accusative singular)
Propontidem (accusative singular)
Propontide (ablative singular)
Propontis (singular vocative)
Proponti (singular vocative)
Propontidī (locative singular)
Propontide (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Προποντίς (Propontís).


Simois

Simoīs m sg (genitive Simoentis or Simoentos); third declension

Simoīs (canonical masculine singular)
Simoentis (genitive)
Simoentos (genitive)
Simoīs (nominative singular)
Simoentis (genitive singular)
Simoentos (genitive singular)
Simoentī (dative singular)
Simoentem (accusative singular)
Simoenta (accusative singular)
Simoente (ablative singular)
Simoīs (singular vocative)

The Simois, a river of the Trojan plain.


Xanthus

Xanthus m sg (genitive Xanthī); second declension

Xanthī (genitive)
Xanthus (nominative singular)
Xanthī (genitive singular)
Xanthō (dative singular)
Xanthum (accusative singular)
Xanthō (ablative singular)
Xanthe (singular vocative)

[ˈks̠än̪t̪ʰʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Ξάνθος (Xánthos), presumably from ξανθός (xanthós).

The name of several rivers and their associated deities, especially the Scamander.


Scamander

Scamander m sg (genitive Scamandrī); second declension

Scamandrī (genitive)
Scamander (nominative singular)
Scamandrī (genitive singular)
Scamandrō (dative singular)
Scamandrum (accusative singular)
Scamandrō (ablative singular)
Scamander (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Σκάμανδρος (Skámandros).


Thapsus

Thapsus f sg (genitive Thapsī); second declension

Thapsī (genitive)
Thapsus (nominative singular)
Thapsī (genitive singular)
Thapsō (dative singular)
Thapsum (accusative singular)
Thapsō (ablative singular)
Thapse (singular vocative)
Thapsī (locative singular)

Thapsus (ancient city near Bekalta in modern Tunisia)


Suebus

Suebus m sg (genitive Suebī); second declension

Suebī (genitive)
Suebus (nominative singular)
Suebī (genitive singular)
Suebō (dative singular)
Suebum (accusative singular)
Suebō (ablative singular)
Suebe (singular vocative)

A river in Germany, perhaps the Peene or the Warnow


Albis

Albis m sg (genitive Albis); third declension

Albis (genitive)
Albis (nominative singular)
Albis (genitive singular)
Albī (dative singular)
Albim (accusative singular)
Albin (accusative singular)
Albī (ablative singular)
Albis (singular vocative)
Albī (locative singular)

Of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *albī (“river”), see also Old Norse Elfr, Swedish älv (“river”), Norwegian elv (“river”), Old English elf, and Middle Low German elve (“river-bed”).


Carcinus

Carcinus m sg (genitive Carcinī); second declension

Carcinī (genitive)
Carcinus (nominative singular)
Carcinī (genitive singular)
Carcinō (dative singular)
Carcinum (accusative singular)
Carcinō (ablative singular)
Carcine (singular vocative)


Gela

Gela m sg (genitive Gelae); first declension

Gelae (genitive)
Gela (nominative singular)
Gelae (genitive singular)
Gelae (dative singular)
Gelam (accusative singular)
Gelā (ablative singular)
Gela (singular vocative)
Gelae (locative singular)


Naro

Narō m sg (genitive Narōnis); third declension

Narō (canonical masculine singular)
Narōnis (genitive)
Narō (nominative singular)
Narōnis (genitive singular)
Narōnī (dative singular)
Narōnem (accusative singular)
Narōne (ablative singular)
Narō (singular vocative)

Narōna

A river in Dalmatia that flows into the Adriatic Sea, now the Neretva or Narenta


Sprea

Sprea m sg or f sg (genitive Spreae); first declension

Spreae (genitive)
Sprea (nominative singular)
Spreae (genitive singular)
Spreae (dative singular)
Spream (accusative singular)
Spreā (ablative singular)
Sprea (singular vocative)


Stura

Stūra m sg (genitive Stūrae); first declension

Stūra (canonical masculine singular)
Stūrae (genitive)
Stūra (nominative singular)
Stūrae (genitive singular)
Stūrae (dative singular)
Stūram (accusative singular)
Stūrā (ablative singular)
Stūra (singular vocative)

A river in Cisalpine Gaul which flows into the Padus


Mella

Mella m sg (genitive Mellae); first declension

Mellae (genitive)
Mella (nominative singular)
Mellae (genitive singular)
Mellae (dative singular)
Mellam (accusative singular)
Mellā (ablative singular)
Mella (singular vocative)

Transpadane Gaul
Transpadane Gaul#English

A river in Transpadane Gaul that flows into the Ollius, still called Mella


Orba

Orba m sg (genitive Orbae); first declension

Orbae (genitive)
Orba (nominative singular)
Orbae (genitive singular)
Orbae (dative singular)
Orbam (accusative singular)
Orbā (ablative singular)
Orba (singular vocative)

A tributary river of the Maeander mentioned by Pliny


Ger

A river in Mauretania, mentioned by Pliny


Anio

Aniō m sg (genitive Aniēnis); third declension

Aniō (canonical masculine singular)
Aniēnis (genitive)
Aniō (nominative singular)
Aniēnis (genitive singular)
Aniēnī (dative singular)
Aniēnem (accusative singular)
Aniēne (ablative singular)
Aniō (singular vocative)

Italian: Aniene

Believed to originate from the name of an Etruscan king, who drowned in the river while trying to cross it on his horse during a storm to get to his kidnapped daughter.


Cremera

Cremera m sg (genitive Cremerae); first declension

Cremerae (genitive)
Cremera (nominative singular)
Cremerae (genitive singular)
Cremerae (dative singular)
Cremeram (accusative singular)
Cremerā (ablative singular)
Cremera (singular vocative)

a river that flows near Rome, famous for its battle


Allia

Allia f sg (genitive Alliae); first declension

Alliae (genitive)
Allia (nominative singular)
Alliae (genitive singular)
Alliae (dative singular)
Alliam (accusative singular)
Alliā (ablative singular)
Allia (singular vocative)

From the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey- common in many other river names, such as the Aller in Germany, Alaunus in some Celtic sites, and the Ille in Brittany. See also French aller (“to go”), German eilen (“to hasten, hurry”), Swedish ila.

A river in Latium, famous for its battle


Armenta

Armenta f sg (genitive Armentae); first declension

Armentae (genitive)
Armenta (nominative singular)
Armentae (genitive singular)
Armentae (dative singular)
Armentam (accusative singular)
Armentā (ablative singular)
Armenta (singular vocative)

[ärˈmɛn̪t̪ä]

[ärˈmɛn̪t̪ä]


Arnus

Arnus m sg (genitive Arnī); second declension

Arnī (genitive)
Arnus (nominative singular)
Arnī (genitive singular)
Arnō (dative singular)
Arnum (accusative singular)
Arnō (ablative singular)
Arne (singular vocative)


Vulturnus

Vulturnus m sg (genitive Vulturnī); second declension

Vulturnī (genitive)
Vulturnus (nominative singular)
Vulturnī (genitive singular)
Vulturnō (dative singular)
Vulturnum (accusative singular)
Vulturnō (ablative singular)
Vulturne (singular vocative)

[u̯ʊɫ̪ˈt̪ʊrnʊs̠]


Ticinus

Tīcīnus m sg (genitive Tīcīnī); second declension

Tīcīnus (canonical masculine singular)
Tīcīnī (genitive)
Tīcīnus (nominative singular)
Tīcīnī (genitive singular)
Tīcīnō (dative singular)
Tīcīnum (accusative singular)
Tīcīnō (ablative singular)
Tīcīne (singular vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: Τίκινος (Tíkinos)

Italian: Ticino

The name could have meant "the runner," from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ-ino-s, from *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”).


Abdua

Abdua m sg (genitive Abduae); first declension

Abduae (genitive)
Abdua (nominative singular)
Abduae (genitive singular)
Abduae (dative singular)
Abduam (accusative singular)
Abduā (ablative singular)
Abdua (singular vocative)

Possibly from Celtic, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water”).


Fibrenus

Fībrēnus m sg (genitive Fībrēnī); second declension

Fībrēnus (canonical masculine singular)
Fībrēnī (genitive)
Fībrēnus (nominative singular)
Fībrēnī (genitive singular)
Fībrēnō (dative singular)
Fībrēnum (accusative singular)
Fībrēnō (ablative singular)
Fībrēne (singular vocative)

Italian: Fibreno


Aufidus

Aufidus m sg (genitive Aufidī); second declension

Aufidī (genitive)
Aufidus (nominative singular)
Aufidī (genitive singular)
Aufidō (dative singular)
Aufidum (accusative singular)
Aufidō (ablative singular)
Aufide (singular vocative)

Italian: Ofanto


Velinus

Velīnus m sg (genitive Velīnī); second declension

Velīnus (canonical masculine singular)
Velīnī (genitive)
Velīnus (nominative singular)
Velīnī (genitive singular)
Velīnō (dative singular)
Velīnum (accusative singular)
Velīnō (ablative singular)
Velīne (singular vocative)

Italian: Velino

[u̯ɛˈlʲiːnʊs̠]


Tinna

Tinna f sg (genitive Tinnae); first declension

Tinnae (genitive)
Tinna (nominative singular)
Tinnae (genitive singular)
Tinnae (dative singular)
Tinnam (accusative singular)
Tinnā (ablative singular)
Tinna (singular vocative)

Italian: Tenna

→ English: Tenna

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *th₂in-, from the extension *teh₂y- of *teh₂- (“to dissolve, melt”). If so, it would be related to tinca (“tench”). Compare in any case the name of the river Tina.

A river in Picenum that flows into the Adriatic Sea, now the Tenna


Aternus

Āternus m sg (genitive Āternī); second declension

Āternus (canonical masculine singular)
Āternī (genitive)
Āternus (nominative singular)
Āternī (genitive singular)
Āternō (dative singular)
Āternum (accusative singular)
Āternō (ablative singular)
Āterne (singular vocative)

[äːˈt̪ɛrnʊs̠]

The Aterno river, that flows in Abruzzo.


Plavis

Plavis m sg (genitive Plavis); third declension

Plavis (genitive)
Plavis (nominative singular)
Plavis (genitive singular)
Plavī (dative singular)
Plavem (accusative singular)
Plave (ablative singular)
Plavis (singular vocative)
Plavī (locative singular)
Plave (locative singular)

Italian: Piave

[ˈpɫ̪äu̯ɪs̠]

From Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to flow”); see also Latin linter (“bath, trough, boat”) and Latin pluit (“it rains”).


Clitumnus

Clītumnus m sg (genitive Clītumnī); second declension

Clītumnus (canonical masculine singular)
Clītumnī (genitive)
Clītumnus (nominative singular)
Clītumnī (genitive singular)
Clītumnō (dative singular)
Clītumnum (accusative singular)
Clītumnō (ablative singular)
Clītumne (singular vocative)

Unknown. The suffix -umnus may relate to several other names of deities such as Pīcumnus, Pīlumnus, Vertumnus, Vītumnus, and Volumnus. Alternatively, it could continue the amnis (“river”).

(religion) The god of the Clitunno, son of Oceanus and Tethys


Luxia

Luxia m sg (genitive Luxiae); first declension

Luxiae (genitive)
Luxia (nominative singular)
Luxiae (genitive singular)
Luxiae (dative singular)
Luxiam (accusative singular)
Luxiā (ablative singular)
Luxia (singular vocative)
Luxiae (locative singular)

Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica#English


Urius

Urius m sg (genitive Uriī or Urī); second declension

Uriī (genitive)
Urī (genitive)
Urius (nominative singular)
Uriī (genitive singular)
Urī (genitive singular)
Uriō (dative singular)
Urium (accusative singular)
Uriō (ablative singular)
Urī (singular vocative)

From urium, referring to the effect that the minerals have on its appearance.


Barbesula

Barbēsula f sg (genitive Barbēsulae); first declension

Barbēsula (canonical feminine singular)
Barbēsulae (genitive)
Barbēsula (nominative singular)
Barbēsulae (genitive singular)
Barbēsulae (dative singular)
Barbēsulam (accusative singular)
Barbēsulā (ablative singular)
Barbēsula (singular vocative)
Barbēsulae (locative singular)

[bärˈbeːs̠ʊɫ̪ä]

A river in Hispania Baetica, now the Guadiaro


Maenuba

Maenuba f sg (genitive Maenubae); first declension

Maenubae (genitive)
Maenuba (nominative singular)
Maenubae (genitive singular)
Maenubae (dative singular)
Maenubam (accusative singular)
Maenubā (ablative singular)
Maenuba (singular vocative)
Maenubae (locative singular)


Tader

Tader m sg (genitive Taderis); third declension

Taderis (genitive)
Tader (nominative singular)
Taderis (genitive singular)
Taderī (dative singular)
Taderem (accusative singular)
Tadere (ablative singular)
Tader (singular vocative)


Singulis

Singulis m sg (genitive Singulis); third declension

Singulis (genitive)
Singulis (nominative singular)
Singulis (genitive singular)
Singulī (dative singular)
Singulem (accusative singular)
Singule (ablative singular)
Singulis (singular vocative)

[ˈs̠ɪŋɡʊlʲɪs̠]


Sucro

Sucrō m sg (genitive Sucrōnis); third declension

Sucrō (canonical masculine singular)
Sucrōnis (genitive)
Sucrō (nominative singular)
Sucrōnis (genitive singular)
Sucrōnī (dative singular)
Sucrōnem (accusative singular)
Sucrōne (ablative singular)
Sucrō (singular vocative)


Turia

Tūria m sg (genitive Tūriae); first declension

Tūria (canonical masculine singular)
Tūriae (genitive)
Tūria (nominative singular)
Tūriae (genitive singular)
Tūriae (dative singular)
Tūriam (accusative singular)
Tūriā (ablative singular)
Tūria (singular vocative)

Catalan: Túria

Spanish: Turia

The Turia river that flows in eastern Spain, which is called Guadalaviar from its source in the Montes Universales to Teruel in southern Aragon


Uduba

Uduba m sg (genitive Udubae); first declension

Udubae (genitive)
Uduba (nominative singular)
Udubae (genitive singular)
Udubae (dative singular)
Udubam (accusative singular)
Udubā (ablative singular)
Uduba (singular vocative)

A river in Hispania Tarraconensis, now identified with the river Mijares


Areva

Arēva f sg (genitive Arēvae); first declension

Arēva (canonical feminine singular)
Arēvae (genitive)
Arēva (nominative singular)
Arēvae (genitive singular)
Arēvae (dative singular)
Arēvam (accusative singular)
Arēvā (ablative singular)
Arēva (singular vocative)

Arevacis nomen dedit fluvius Areva.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 3.4

A river (perhaps the river Ucero) tributary of the Durius


Durius

Dūrius m sg (genitive Dūriī or Dūrī); second declension

Dūrius (canonical masculine singular)
Dūriī (genitive)
Dūrī (genitive)
Dūrius (nominative singular)
Dūriī (genitive singular)
Dūrī (genitive singular)
Dūriō (dative singular)
Dūrium (accusative singular)
Dūriō (ablative singular)
Dūrī (singular vocative)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Doiro, Doyro
Portuguese: Douro

Spanish: Duero

Latinized Celtic name, from Proto-Celtic *dubros (“water”).


Subur

A river in Mauritania that fells into the Atlantic Ocean


Rubricatus

la-proper noun

Rū̆brī̆cātus m sg (genitive Rū̆brī̆cātī); second declension

Rū̆brī̆cātus (canonical masculine singular)
Rū̆brī̆cātī (genitive)
Rū̆brī̆cātus (nominative singular)
Rū̆brī̆cātī (genitive singular)
Rū̆brī̆cātō (dative singular)
Rū̆brī̆cātum (accusative singular)
Rū̆brī̆cātō (ablative singular)
Rū̆brī̆cāte (singular vocative)

Catalan: Llobregat

[rʊbrɪˈkäːt̪ʊs̠]

Inde ad Tarraconem parva sunt oppida Blande, Iluro, Baetulo, Barcino, Subur, Tolobi; parva flumina Baetulo iuxta Iovis montem, Rubricatum in Barcinonis litore, inter Subur et Tolobin Maius. Tarraco urbs est in his oris maritimarum opulentissima. Tulcis eam modicus amnis, super ingens Hiberus Dertosam adtingit.

c. 45 CE, Pomponius Mela, De Chorographia 2.90.3

Regio Cessetania, flumen Subi, colonia Tarracon, Scipionum opus, sicut Carthago Poenorum. Regio Ilergetum, oppidum Subur, flumen Rubricatum, a quo Laetani et Indigetes.

Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia 3.21.7

A river in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Llobregat


Sicoris

Sicoris f sg (genitive Sicoris); third declension

Sicoris (genitive)
Sicoris (nominative singular)
Sicoris (genitive singular)
Sicorī (dative singular)
Sicorem (accusative singular)
Sicore (ablative singular)
Sicoris (singular vocative)

Catalan: Segre

Occitan: Segre

→ French: Sègre

[ˈs̠ɪkɔrɪs̠]

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis#Latin

A tributary river of the Iberus, Hispania Tarraconensis, present-day Spain; modern Segre.


Cinga

Cinga f sg (genitive Cingae); first declension

Cingae (genitive)
Cinga (nominative singular)
Cingae (genitive singular)
Cingae (dative singular)
Cingam (accusative singular)
Cingā (ablative singular)
Cinga (singular vocative)

A river in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Cinca


Tecum

Tecum n sg (genitive Tecī); second declension

Tecī (genitive)
Tecum (nominative singular)
Tecī (genitive singular)
Tecō (dative singular)
Tecum (accusative singular)
Tecō (ablative singular)
Tecum (singular vocative)


Atax

Atax m sg (genitive Atacis); third declension

Atacis (genitive)
Atax (nominative singular)
Atacis (genitive singular)
Atacī (dative singular)
Atacem (accusative singular)
Atace (ablative singular)
Atax (singular vocative)

A river in Gallia Narbonensis, which flows by Narbo, now the Aude


Arar

Arar m sg (genitive Araris); third declension

Araris (genitive)
Arar (nominative singular)
Araris (genitive singular)
Ararī (dative singular)
Ararem (accusative singular)
Arare (ablative singular)
Arar (singular vocative)

A river in Gallia Narbonensis, now the Saône


Liria

Liria m sg (genitive Liriae); first declension

Liriae (genitive)
Liria (nominative singular)
Liriae (genitive singular)
Liriae (dative singular)
Liriam (accusative singular)
Liriā (ablative singular)
Liria (singular vocative)


Minius

Minius m sg (genitive Miniī or Minī); second declension

Miniī (genitive)
Minī (genitive)
Minius (nominative singular)
Miniī (genitive singular)
Minī (genitive singular)
Miniō (dative singular)
Minium (accusative singular)
Miniō (ablative singular)
Minī (singular vocative)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Minho
Galician: Miño
Portuguese: Minho

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, from Celtic, either from Proto-Celtic *mino- (“smooth”) (compare Welsh mwyn, Irish mín), from Proto-Indo-European *mei- (“soft, smooth”) or from Proto-Indo-European *mei- (“to go”).
Possibly from Latin minium.

der

A river in Gallaecia, now the Minho river


Rhodanus

la-proper noun

Rhodanus m sg (genitive Rhodanī); second declension

Rhodanī (genitive)
Rhodanus (nominative singular)
Rhodanī (genitive singular)
Rhodanō (dative singular)
Rhodanum (accusative singular)
Rhodanō (ablative singular)
Rhodane (singular vocative)
Rhodanī (locative singular)

Catalan: Roine

Franco-Provençal: Rôno

Old French: Rosne

French: Rhône

Italian: Rodano

Occitan: Ròse

[ˈrɔd̪änʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ῥοδᾰνός (Rhodănós).

(metonymically, collectively) the Gaulish tribesmen living on the banks of the Rhône


Lemanus

Lemānus m sg (genitive Lemānī); second declension

Lemānus (canonical masculine singular)
Lemānī (genitive)
Lemānus (nominative singular)
Lemānī (genitive singular)
Lemānō (dative singular)
Lemānum (accusative singular)
Lemānō (ablative singular)
Lemāne (singular vocative)

Italian: Lemano


Isara

Isara m sg (genitive Isarae); first declension

Isarae (genitive)
Isara (nominative singular)
Isarae (genitive singular)
Isarae (dative singular)
Isaram (accusative singular)
Isarā (ablative singular)
Isara (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Celtic, though not originally a Celtic word; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *isərós (“vigorous, quick”), from *eis(ə, related to Sanskrit इषिरम् (iṣiram, “fast, quick”).


Druentia

la-proper noun

Druentia m sg (genitive Druentiae); first declension

Druentiae (genitive)
Druentia (nominative singular)
Druentiae (genitive singular)
Druentiae (dative singular)
Druentiam (accusative singular)
Druentiā (ablative singular)
Druentia (singular vocative)


Druma

Druma m sg (genitive Drumae); first declension

Drumae (genitive)
Druma (nominative singular)
Drumae (genitive singular)
Drumae (dative singular)
Drumam (accusative singular)
Drumā (ablative singular)
Druma (singular vocative)

French: Drôme

Gaulish hydronym that derives from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run”). Compare the German hydronyms Dramme and Dremse.

A river in Gallia Narbonensis, now Drôme


Arsia

Arsia m sg (genitive Arsiae); first declension

Arsiae (genitive)
Arsia (nominative singular)
Arsiae (genitive singular)
Arsiae (dative singular)
Arsiam (accusative singular)
Arsiā (ablative singular)
Arsia (singular vocative)

Italian: Arsa

A small river in Istria, which became the boundary between Italy and Illyricum


Nia

Nia f sg (genitive Niae); first declension

Niae (genitive)
Nia (nominative singular)
Niae (genitive singular)
Niae (dative singular)
Niam (accusative singular)
Niā (ablative singular)
Nia (singular vocative)

A river in Africa, flowing south of the Stachir


Rutuba

Rutuba m sg (genitive Rutubae); first declension

Rutubae (genitive)
Rutuba (nominative singular)
Rutubae (genitive singular)
Rutubae (dative singular)
Rutubam (accusative singular)
Rutubā (ablative singular)
Rutuba (singular vocative)

Italian: Roia

Probably from rutuba (“confusion, turmoil”), referred to the agitated water.


Porcifera

Porcifera f sg (genitive Porciferae); first declension

Porciferae (genitive)
Porcifera (nominative singular)
Porciferae (genitive singular)
Porciferae (dative singular)
Porciferam (accusative singular)
Porciferā (ablative singular)
Porcifera (singular vocative)

Italian: Polcevera


Macra

Macra m sg (genitive Macrae); first declension

Macrae (genitive)
Macra (nominative singular)
Macrae (genitive singular)
Macrae (dative singular)
Macram (accusative singular)
Macrā (ablative singular)
Macra (singular vocative)

Italian: Magra

Magra (a river in Italy), flowing into the Tyrrhenian Sea, and limit between Liguria and Etruria


Auser

Auser m sg (genitive Auseris); third declension

Auseris (genitive)
Auser (nominative singular)
Auseris (genitive singular)
Auserī (dative singular)
Auserem (accusative singular)
Ausere (ablative singular)
Auser (singular vocative)

A river in Etruria near Lucca, now Serchio.


Caecina

Caecīna m sg (genitive Caecīnae); first declension

Caecīna (canonical masculine singular)
Caecīnae (genitive)
Caecīna (nominative singular)
Caecīnae (genitive singular)
Caecīnae (dative singular)
Caecīnam (accusative singular)
Caecīnā (ablative singular)
Caecīna (singular vocative)

Italian: Cecina

[t͡ʃeˈt͡ʃiːnä]


Umbro

Umbrō m sg (genitive Umbrōnis); third declension

Umbrō (canonical masculine singular)
Umbrōnis (genitive)
Umbrō (nominative singular)
Umbrōnis (genitive singular)
Umbrōnī (dative singular)
Umbrōnem (accusative singular)
Umbrōne (ablative singular)
Umbrō (singular vocative)


Tinia

Tinia m sg (genitive Tiniae); first declension

Tiniae (genitive)
Tinia (nominative singular)
Tiniae (genitive singular)
Tiniae (dative singular)
Tiniam (accusative singular)
Tiniā (ablative singular)
Tinia (singular vocative)

A small river in Umbria, falling into the Tiber near Perusia, now the Topino


Clanis

Clanis m sg (genitive Clanis); third declension

Clanis (genitive)
Clanis (nominative singular)
Clanis (genitive singular)
Clanī (dative singular)
Clanem (accusative singular)
Clane (ablative singular)
Clanis (singular vocative)

Italian: Chiana

Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *klān- (“liquid, wet ground”). See also English lant.

inh

A river of Etruria flowing through the territory of Clusium


Nar

la-proper noun

Nār m sg (genitive Nāris); third declension

Nār (canonical masculine singular)
Nāris (genitive)
Nār (nominative singular)
Nāris (genitive singular)
Nārī (dative singular)
Nārem (accusative singular)
Nāre (ablative singular)
Nār (singular vocative)

A river of Umbria and tributary of the Tiber, now the Nera.


Liris

Līris m sg (genitive Līris); third declension

Līris (canonical masculine singular)
Līris (genitive)
Līris (nominative singular)
Līris (genitive singular)
Līrī (dative singular)
Līrim (accusative singular)
Līrin (accusative singular)
Līrem (accusative singular)
Līrī (ablative singular)
Līris (singular vocative)

Italian: Liri

Probably from a zero-grade extension *li-ro- of Proto-Indo-European *(s)lei- (“slime, slimy, sticky”) (see also English slime (noun)). DNGI instead suggests a derivation from a pre-Roman hydronym *liri- (“muddy water”).

der

A major river in Latium, Italy, now the Liri


Garumna

la-proper noun

Garumna m sg (genitive Garumnae); first declension

Garumnae (genitive)
Garumna (nominative singular)
Garumnae (genitive singular)
Garumnae (dative singular)
Garumnam (accusative singular)
Garumnā (ablative singular)
Garumna (singular vocative)

Catalan: Garona

French: Garonne

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Γαρούνας (Garoúnas), Γαρύνας (Garúnas)

Occitan: Garona

Probably from Gaulish *garunda (“shallows, riverbank”) or "rough, grassy," from Proto-Celtic *garwos << Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to bristle”). Or, possibly from an Aquitanian hydronym meaning "stony river."

der

One of the longest rivers in France, the Garonne


Numicius

la-proper noun

Numīcius m sg (genitive Numīciī or Numīcī); second declension

Numīcius (canonical masculine singular)
Numīciī (genitive)
Numīcī (genitive)
Numīcius (nominative singular)
Numīciī (genitive singular)
Numīcī (genitive singular)
Numīciō (dative singular)
Numīcium (accusative singular)
Numīciō (ablative singular)
Numīcī (singular vocative)

A small river in Latium, in whose banks was buried Aeneas


Astura

Astura m sg (genitive Asturae); first declension

Asturae (genitive)
Astura (nominative singular)
Asturae (genitive singular)
Asturae (dative singular)
Asturam (accusative singular)
Asturā (ablative singular)
Astura (singular vocative)

A small river in Latium, on whose banks was fought the last great battle between the Romans and the Latins


Aufentum

Aufentum n sg (genitive Aufentī); second declension

Aufentī (genitive)
Aufentum (nominative singular)
Aufentī (genitive singular)
Aufentō (dative singular)
Aufentum (accusative singular)
Aufentō (ablative singular)
Aufentum (singular vocative)


Dubis

Dūbis m sg (genitive Dūbis); third declension

Dūbis (canonical masculine singular)
Dūbis (genitive)
Dūbis (nominative singular)
Dūbis (genitive singular)
Dūbī (dative singular)
Dūbim (accusative singular)
Dūbem (accusative singular)
Dūbī (ablative singular)
Dūbe (ablative singular)
Dūbis (singular vocative)

French: Doubs

From Gaulish, from the root of Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”).

A river that flows in France and Switzerland, the Doubs


Lucrinus

Lucrīnus m sg (genitive Lucrīnī); second declension

Lucrīnus (canonical masculine singular)
Lucrīnī (genitive)
Lucrīnus (nominative singular)
Lucrīnī (genitive singular)
Lucrīnō (dative singular)
Lucrīnum (accusative singular)
Lucrīnō (ablative singular)
Lucrīne (singular vocative)

[ɫ̪ʊˈkriːnʊs̠]

A saltwater lake situated near Puteoli, in Campania


Sarnus

Sarnus m sg (genitive Sarnī); second declension

Sarnī (genitive)
Sarnus (nominative singular)
Sarnī (genitive singular)
Sarnō (dative singular)
Sarnum (accusative singular)
Sarnō (ablative singular)
Sarne (singular vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: Σάρνος (Sárnos)

Italian: Sarno

A river in Campania, flowing into the bay of Naples near the city of Pompeii, now the Sarno


Asopus

Āsōpus m sg (genitive Āsōpī); second declension

Āsōpus (canonical masculine singular)
Āsōpī (genitive)
Āsōpus (nominative singular)
Āsōpī (genitive singular)
Āsōpō (dative singular)
Āsōpum (accusative singular)
Āsōpō (ablative singular)
Āsōpe (singular vocative)

Translingual: Asopus

[äːˈs̠oːpʊs̠]

A river of Peloponnesus, flowing into the Corinthian gulf


Melpis

Melpis m sg (genitive Melpis); third declension

Melpis (genitive)
Melpis (nominative singular)
Melpis (genitive singular)
Melpī (dative singular)
Melpem (accusative singular)
Melpe (ablative singular)
Melpis (singular vocative)

Italian: Melfa

Similar to the placenames Melpes (see Melfi) and Melpum. According to De Giovanni, all are from a Mediterranean (possibly Italic, like the Oenotrians) substrate *melf, *melp, of uncertain meaning, possibly meaning "mud."

A small river of Latium falling into the Liris, now Melfa


Enipeus

Enīpeus m sg (genitive Enīpeī); second declension

Enīpeus (canonical masculine singular)
Enīpeī (genitive)
Enīpeus (nominative singular)
Enīpeī (genitive singular)
Enīpeō (dative singular)
Enīpeum (accusative singular)
Enīpeō (ablative singular)
Enīpeu (singular vocative)

A river of Pieria descending from a valley of Olympus


Apsus

Apsus m sg (genitive Apsī); second declension

Apsī (genitive)
Apsus (nominative singular)
Apsī (genitive singular)
Apsō (dative singular)
Apsum (accusative singular)
Apsō (ablative singular)
Apse (singular vocative)

A river of Illyria that flows into the sea beatween the rivers Genusus and Aous, now the river Seman in Albania


Chrysus

Chrȳsus m sg (genitive Chrȳsī); second declension

Chrȳsus (canonical masculine singular)
Chrȳsī (genitive)
Chrȳsus (nominative singular)
Chrȳsī (genitive singular)
Chrȳsō (dative singular)
Chrȳsum (accusative singular)
Chrȳsō (ablative singular)
Chrȳse (singular vocative)
Chrȳsī (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”) (already Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀬𐀰 (ku-ru-so)), Semitic loan, compare with Biblical Hebrew חָרוּץ (ḥārūṣ), Akkadian 𒆬𒄀 (ḫurāṣu [KUG.SIG₁₇]).


Axona

Axona m sg (genitive Axonae); first declension

Axonae (genitive)
Axona (nominative singular)
Axonae (genitive singular)
Axonae (dative singular)
Axonam (accusative singular)
Axonā (ablative singular)
Axona (singular vocative)

Gaulish/Celtic name, from Proto-Celtic *ax-, possibly a variant of *asca (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water”), related to Sanskrit अप् (ap).


Amasenus

Amasēnus m sg (genitive Amasēnī); second declension

Amasēnus (canonical masculine singular)
Amasēnī (genitive)
Amasēnus (nominative singular)
Amasēnī (genitive singular)
Amasēnō (dative singular)
Amasēnum (accusative singular)
Amasēnō (ablative singular)
Amasēne (singular vocative)

[ämäˈs̠eːnʊs̠]

A small river of Latium flowing into the sea near the city of Tarracina, now the river Amaseno


Calor

Calor m sg (genitive Calōris); third declension

Calōris (genitive)
Calor (nominative singular)
Calōris (genitive singular)
Calōrī (dative singular)
Calōrem (accusative singular)
Calōre (ablative singular)
Calor (singular vocative)

Formally equivalent to calor (“heat”), but it could instead be from a root meaning "muddy, spotted," compare caligo (“mist, vapor, fog”), Sanskrit कलंक (kalaṃka, “blemish”), Ancient Greek κελαινός (kelainós, “dark, black”).

cog

One of the most important tributaries of the Vulturnus, now called Calore.


Tanager

la-proper noun

Tanager m sg (genitive Tanagrī); second declension

Tanagrī (genitive)
Tanager (nominative singular)
Tanagrī (genitive singular)
Tanagrō (dative singular)
Tanagrum (accusative singular)
Tanagrō (ablative singular)
Tanager (singular vocative)

[ˈt̪äːnäd͡ʒer]

A river of Lucania tributary of the Silarus, now the Tanagro


Silarus

Silarus m sg (genitive Silarī); second declension

Silarī (genitive)
Silarus (nominative singular)
Silarī (genitive singular)
Silarō (dative singular)
Silarum (accusative singular)
Silarō (ablative singular)
Silare (singular vocative)

[ˈs̠ɪɫ̪ärʊs̠]

Borrowed from Illyrian, from Proto-Indo-European *sil-ₑro-, suffixed zero-grade form of *seyl-, extension of *sey- (“to be damp, drip”), related to Old Saxon sioloth (“lake”), Old Irish silid (“he flows”).

A river of Southern Italy forming the boundary between Campania and Lucania, now the river Sele.

A river of Northern Italy forming the boundary between Emilia and Romagna, now the river Sillaro.


Baletum

Baletum n sg (genitive Baletī); second declension

Baletī (genitive)
Baletum (nominative singular)
Baletī (genitive singular)
Baletō (dative singular)
Baletum (accusative singular)
Baletō (ablative singular)
Baletum (singular vocative)

[ˈbäɫ̪ɛt̪ʊ̃ˑ]