Iaponia

la-proper noun

Iapō̆nia f sg (genitive Iapō̆niae); first declension

Iapō̆nia (canonical feminine singular)
Iapō̆niae (genitive)
Iapō̆nia (nominative singular)
Iapō̆niae (genitive singular)
Iapō̆niae (dative singular)
Iapō̆niam (accusative singular)
Iapō̆niā (ablative singular)
Iapō̆nia (singular vocative)

→ Albanian: Japoni, Japonia

→ Belarusian: Японія (Japónija)

→ Bulgarian: Япония (Japonija)

⇒ Czech: Japonsko

→ Greek: Ιαπωνία (Iaponía)

⇒ Kashubian: Japóńskô

→ Lithuanian: Japonija

→ Macedonian: Јапонија (Japonija)

→ Polish: Japonia

→ Romanian: Japonia

desctree

→ Russian: Япония (Japonija), Япо́нія (Japónija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: Յապոնիա (Yaponia)
→ Azerbaijani: Yaponiya
→ Bashkir: Япония (Yaponiya)
→ Gagauz: Yaponiya
→ Georgian: იაპონია (iaṗonia)
→ Kazakh: Жапония (Japoniä)
→ Kyrgyz: Жапония (Japoniya)
→ Mongolian: Япон (Japon)
→ Turkmen: Ýaponiýa
→ Uzbek: Yaponiya

⇒ Slovak: Japonsko

⇒ Slovene: Japonska

→ Ukrainian: Японія (Japonija)

From possibly French Japon + -ia or Cantonese 日本 (jat⁶ bun²) + -ia.


Europa

la-proper noun

Eurōpa f sg (genitive Eurōpae); first declension

Eurōpa (canonical feminine singular)
Eurōpae (genitive)
Eurōpa (nominative singular)
Eurōpae (genitive singular)
Eurōpae (dative singular)
Eurōpam (accusative singular)
Eurōpā (ablative singular)
Eurōpa (singular vocative)

Catalan: Europa

Italian: Europa

→ Sicilian: Europa

→ Turkish: Avrupa

Old French:

Middle French:

French: Europe

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Europa, Eyropa
Fala: Europa
Galician: Europa
Portuguese: Europa
→ Burmese: ဥရောပ (u.rau:pa.)
→ Hunsrik: Ëuropa
→ Japanese: ヨーロッパ (Yōroppa)

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Europa

Sicilian: Aurupa

Bulgarian: Европа (Evropa)

Mandarin: 歐羅巴 /欧罗巴 (Ōuluóbā)

Middle Dutch: europa

Dutch: Europa (see there for further descendants)

Middle English: Europe
English: Europe, Europa (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Europe

Middle High German: Eurōpā
German: Europa

Romanian: Europa

Russian: Европа (Jevropa)

Borrowed from Doric Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa); cognate with Attic Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).

la:52 Europa
la:Europa
la:Europa (mythologia)
la:Europa (satelles)

(Greek mythology) Europa (daughter of Phoenician king Agenor who was abducted by Jupiter and carried to Crete)

Brevis Europae descriptio.—Europa terminos habet, ab oriente Tanain et Maeotida et Pontum; a meridie reliqua nostri maris; ab occidente Atlanticum; a septentrione Britannicum oceanum. (genitive and nomitive cases)

43, Pomponius Mela, De situ orbis, book 1, chapter 3

A brief description of Europe.—Europe's borders, on the east are Tanais, Maeotida, and Pontus; on the south, the rest of our sea; on the west, the side of the Atlantic; north of the British Ocean.

Quartus vero et magnus Europae sinus ab Hellesponto incipiens Maeotis ostio terminatur. Nam arctum mare inter Europam et Asiam in angustias septem stadiorum interfluens coarctatur; quas angustias Hellespontum dicunt, ubi Xerxes Persidis rex aggregatis navibus ponteque constructo exercitum duxit. (genitive and accusative cases)

ca. 415, Martianus Capella, De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii, book 6, section 661

The fourth and great bay of Europe, beginning from the Hellespont, terminates at the mouth of the Maeotis. For the narrow sea flowing between Europe and Asia is confined to a narrow strip of seven furlongs; which they call the narrows of the Hellespont, where Xerxes, king of the Persians, assembled his ships and led his army under a bridge.

(New Latin, astronomy) Europa (moon of Jupiter)

(New Latin, astronomy) 52 Europa (main belt asteroid)


imperium

la-noun

imperium n (genitive imperiī or imperī); second declension

imperiī (genitive)
imperī (genitive)
imperium (nominative singular)
imperia (nominative plural)
imperiī (genitive singular)
imperī (genitive singular)
imperiōrum (genitive plural)
imperiō (dative singular)
imperiīs (dative plural)
imperium (accusative singular)
imperia (accusative plural)
imperiō (ablative singular)
imperiīs (ablative plural)
imperium (singular vocative)
imperia (plural vocative)

Old Catalan: emperi

Catalan: imperi

Old French: empire

→ English: empire, empery

French: empire

Friulian: imperi

Italian: impero

Occitan: empèri

Piedmontese: imperi

Sicilian: mpiru

Venetan: inpero

→ Asturian: imperiu

→ English: imperium

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: emperio

Portuguese: império

→ German: Imperium

→ Old Irish: impere, impire

Irish: impire

Scottish Gaelic: ìmpire

→ Italian: imperio (semi-learned)

→ Romanian: imperiu

desctree

→ Russian: импе́рия (impérija), импе́рія (impérija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Bashkir: империя (imperiya)
→ Kazakh: империя (imperiä)
→ Hebrew: אימפריה
→ Turkmen: imperiýa
→ Uzbek: imperiya
→ Yiddish: אימפּעריע (imperye)

→ Spanish: imperio

→ Tagalog: imperyo

[ɪmˈpɛriʊ̃ˑ]

From imperō (“command, order”) + -ium, from im- (form of in) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”).

imperium sine fīne dedī

“I have granted them empire without end.”
(The poetic voice is that of Jupiter speaking about the Romans.)

“quō postquam ventum est, ‘cōnsistitē!’ praescia māter

“After he had arrived there, his prophetic mother said, ‘Halt!, for that countryside will be the place of empire.’”
(The muse Calliope tells what the prophetess Carmenta said to Carmenta’s son, Evander of Pallantium, after his arrival in Italy.)

‘nam locus imperiī rūs erit istud’ ait.”

The empire, state, imperial government, realm, dominion.


Tartarus

la-proper noun

Tartarus m sg (genitive Tartarī); second declension

Tartarī (genitive)
Tartarus (nominative singular)
Tartarī (genitive singular)
Tartarō (dative singular)
Tartarum (accusative singular)
Tartarō (ablative singular)
Tartare (singular vocative)

Catalan: Tàrtar

→ English: Tartarus

French: Tartare

[ˈt̪ärt̪ärʊs̠]

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Tartarus (hell, part of the underworld)

A river of Venetia that used to flow into the Adriatic Sea, now called Tartaro.


Tartarus

la-noun

Tartarus m (genitive Tartarī, feminine Tartara); second declension

Tartarī (genitive)
Tartara (feminine)
Tartarus (masculine nominative singular)
Tartara (feminine nominative singular)
Tartarī (masculine nominative singular)
Tartarae (feminine nominative plural)
Tartarī (genitive masculine singular)
Tartarae (feminine genitive singular)
Tartarōrum (genitive masculine singular)
Tartarārum (feminine genitive plural)
Tartarō (dative masculine singular)
Tartarae (dative feminine singular)
Tartarīs (dative masculine singular)
Tartarīs (dative feminine plural)
Tartarum (accusative masculine singular)
Tartaram (accusative feminine singular)
Tartarōs (accusative masculine singular)
Tartarās (accusative feminine plural)
Tartarō (ablative masculine singular)
Tartarā (ablative feminine singular)
Tartarīs (ablative masculine singular)
Tartarīs (ablative feminine plural)
Tartare (masculine singular vocative)
Tartara (feminine singular vocative)
Tartarī (masculine singular vocative)
Tartarae (feminine plural vocative)

[ˈt̪ärt̪ärʊs̠]


Bosnia

la-proper noun

Bosnia f sg (genitive Bosniae); first declension

Bosniae (genitive)
Bosnia (nominative singular)
Bosniae (genitive singular)
Bosniae (dative singular)
Bosniam (accusative singular)
Bosniā (ablative singular)
Bosnia (singular vocative)


Mecca

Mecca f sg (genitive Meccae); first declension

Meccae (genitive)
Mecca (nominative singular)
Meccae (genitive singular)
Meccae (dative singular)
Meccam (accusative singular)
Meccā (ablative singular)
Mecca (singular vocative)
Meccae (locative singular)

(post-Classical) Mecca (Arabic city in modern Saudi Arabia)


Colonia Agrippina

Colōnia Agrippīna f sg (genitive Colōniae Agrippīnae); first declension

Colōnia Agrippīna (canonical feminine singular)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (genitive)
Colōnia Agrippīna (nominative singular)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (genitive singular)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (dative singular)
Colōniam Agrippīnam (accusative singular)
Colōniā Agrippīnā (ablative singular)
Colōnia Agrippīna (singular vocative)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (locative singular)

desc

Old French: Coloigne, Cologne, Coulongne

French: Cologne

desctree

→ Middle English: Coloyne, Colayne, Coleyn, Coleyne, colyn, Culane
English: Cologne (pronunciation remodelled after modern French)
→? Welsh: Cwlen
→ Middle Welsh: Cwlwyn

→ Old Frisian: Agrip

→ Catalan: Colònia

→ Greek: Κολωνία (Kolonía)

→ Old High German: *Kolona

desc

Middle High German: Kölne, Coelne, Collen

Central Franconian: Kölle

desctree

German: Köln, Cöln (obsolete since 1919), Coelen, Coellen, Coelne, Cölen, Cöllen, Cölln, Cöllne, Cölne (obsolete)
→ Hungarian: Köln
→ Icelandic: Köln
→ Russian: Кёльн (Kjolʹn)

→ Spanish: Colonia

Shortened form of the full name Colōnia Claudia Āra Agrippīnēnsium.

Cologne, Agrippine Colony; city on the Rhine River in Germany, founded by Agrippina, the mother of the Roman emperor Nero.


Francia

la-proper noun

Francia f sg (genitive Franciae); first declension

Franciae (genitive)
Francia (nominative singular)
Franciae (genitive singular)
Franciae (dative singular)
Franciam (accusative singular)
Franciā (ablative singular)
Francia (singular vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: Francia

Italian: Francia

Neapolitan: Franza

Sicilian: Francia

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: França

Franco-Provençal: France

Occitan: França

desctree

Old French: France, france (manuscript form)
Middle French: France
French: France (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: Fraunce, France
English: France (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Fraunce
→ Breton: Frañs
Norman: France, Fraunce (continental Normandy)
Picard: France
Walloon: France

Rhaeto-Romance

desc

Romansch: Frantscha, Frontscha, Fràntscha, Frauntscha

Sardinian: Frantza

West Iberian

Extremaduran: Francia

Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: Franzia

Old Leonese:

Asturian: Francia

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: França
Portuguese: França

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Francia (see there for further descendants)

→ Armenian: Ֆրանսիա (Fransia)

→ Basque: Frantzia

→ English: Francia

→ French: Francie

→ Middle Irish: Frainc

Irish: An Fhrainc

Manx: Yn Rank

Scottish Gaelic: An Fhraing

→ Maltese: Franza

→ Polish: Francja
→ Belarusian: Фра́нцыя (Fráncyja)
→ Russian: Фра́нция (Fráncija), Фра́нція (Fráncija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Bashkir: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Bulgarian: Франция (Francija)
→ Ingrian: Frantsia
→ Kazakh: Франция (Fransiä)
→ Kyrgyz: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Macedonian: Франција (Francija)
⇒ Mongolian: Франц (Franc), франц (franc)
→ Slovene: Francija
→ Tatar: Франция (Frantsiyä)
→ Turkmen: Fransiýa
→ Uyghur: فرانسىيە (fransiye)
→ Uzbek: Fransiya
→ Ukrainian: Фра́нція (Fráncija)

→ Welsh: Ffrainc

[ˈfrän̠ʲt͡ʃiä]

(New Latin) France (a country in Western Europe)


Arizona

la-proper noun

Arizōna f sg (genitive Arizōnae); first declension

Arizōna (canonical feminine singular)
Arizōnae (genitive)
Arizōna (nominative singular)
Arizōnae (genitive singular)
Arizōnae (dative singular)
Arizōnam (accusative singular)
Arizōnā (ablative singular)
Arizōna (singular vocative)

[ärɪz̪ˈd̪͡z̪oːnä]

[ärid̪ˈd̪͡z̪ɔːnä]


Thule

Thūlē f sg (genitive Thūlēs); first declension

Thūlē (canonical feminine singular)
Thūlēs (genitive)
Thūlē (nominative singular)
Thūlēs (genitive singular)
Thūlae (dative singular)
Thūlēn (accusative singular)
Thūlē (ablative singular)
Thūlē (singular vocative)

English: Thule

French: Thulé

[ˈt̪ʰuːɫ̪eː]

From Ancient Greek Θούλη (Thoúlē, “Thule”).


ora

ōra (canonical feminine)
ōrae (genitive)
ōra (nominative singular)
ōrae (nominative plural)
ōrae (genitive singular)
ōrārum (genitive plural)
ōrae (dative singular)
ōrīs (dative plural)
ōram (accusative singular)
ōrās (accusative plural)
ōrā (ablative singular)
ōrīs (ablative plural)
ōra (singular vocative)
ōrae (plural vocative)

⇒ Asturian: oriella, oliancu

Catalan: vora

⇒ French: orle

→ English: orle

⇒ Galician: orela

⇒ Italian: orlo

⇒ Portuguese: orla

⇒ Spanish: orilla

Venetan: óro

→ Old English: ōra (see there for further descendants)

Unknown; possibly related to Hittite 𒅕𒄩𒀸 (er-ḫa-aš /erḫaš/, “line, boundary”), Latvian āra, perhaps all from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₂- (“border, line”).


Alabama

la-proper noun

Alabāma f sg (genitive Alabāmae); first declension

Alabāma (canonical feminine singular)
Alabāmae (genitive)
Alabāma (nominative singular)
Alabāmae (genitive singular)
Alabāmae (dative singular)
Alabāmam (accusative singular)
Alabāmā (ablative singular)
Alabāma (singular vocative)
Alabāmae (locative singular)

[äɫ̪äˈbäːmä]


Indiana

Indiāna f sg (genitive Indiānae); first declension

Indiāna (canonical feminine singular)
Indiānae (genitive)
Indiāna (nominative singular)
Indiānae (genitive singular)
Indiānae (dative singular)
Indiānam (accusative singular)
Indiānā (ablative singular)
Indiāna (singular vocative)
Indiānae (locative singular)

[ɪn̪d̪iˈäːnä]


isthmus

la-noun

isthmus m (genitive isthmī); second declension

isthmī (genitive)
isthmus (nominative singular)
isthmī (nominative plural)
isthmī (genitive singular)
isthmōrum (genitive plural)
isthmō (dative singular)
isthmīs (dative plural)
isthmum (accusative singular)
isthmōs (accusative plural)
isthmō (ablative singular)
isthmīs (ablative plural)
isthme (singular vocative)
isthmī (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: ismu

→ Catalan: istme

→ Dutch: istmus

→ English: isthmus

→ Esperanto: istmo

Ido: istmo

→ French: isthme

→ Romanian: istm

→ Galician: istmo

→ German: Isthmus

→ Italian: istmo

→ Portuguese: istmo

→ Spanish: istmo

→ Basque: istmo

[ˈɪs̠t̪ʰmʊs̠]

Borrowing from Ancient Greek ῐ̓σθμός (ĭsthmós, “neck, narrow passage”), possibly from εἶμῐ (eîmĭ, “to go”).

bor

a strip of land between two seas; an isthmus


Asia Minor

Asia Minōris (canonical)
Asiae Minōris (genitive)

[ˈäs̠iä ˈmɪnɔr]


Samos

la-proper noun

Samos f sg (genitive Samī); second declension

Samī (genitive)
Samos (nominative singular)
Samī (genitive singular)
Samō (dative singular)
Samon (accusative singular)
Samō (ablative singular)
Same (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Σάμος (Sámos).


Columbia

Columbia f sg (genitive Columbiae); first declension

Columbiae (genitive)
Columbia (nominative singular)
Columbiae (genitive singular)
Columbiae (dative singular)
Columbiam (accusative singular)
Columbiā (ablative singular)
Columbia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Colombia (a country in South America)


Damascus

Dāmascus f sg (genitive Dāmascī); second declension

Dāmascus (canonical feminine singular)
Dāmascī (genitive)
Dāmascus (nominative singular)
Dāmascī (genitive singular)
Dāmascō (dative singular)
Dāmascum (accusative singular)
Dāmascō (ablative singular)
Dāmasce (singular vocative)
Dāmascī (locative singular)

[d̪äːˈmäs̠kʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic source.

Damascus (an ancient city and the capital city of modern Syria)


Vistula

Vistula f sg (genitive Vistulae); first declension

Vistulae (genitive)
Vistula (nominative singular)
Vistulae (genitive singular)
Vistulae (dative singular)
Vistulam (accusative singular)
Vistulā (ablative singular)
Vistula (singular vocative)

In the form Visula and Visla at least sometimes directly acquired from Proto-Slavic *Visъla. The form Viscla resolves the /sl/ cluster like in Sclavus, uncommon in Latin, and in Germanic, via which it has sometimes been acquired.
Often explained as from the Proto-Indo-European root *weys- (“to flow”) as in Proto-Germanic *waisǭ (“mire”), although if of Slavic origin then *visěti (“to hang”) would afford a readier stem, suffixed + *-lo + *-a or + *-sla, for which ever reason they would have called it the “hanging river” or “saggy stream”.

Sclavini a Civitate Novidunensi (Mss. : Civitate Nova et Sclavino Rumunensi), et lacu qui appellatur Mursianus (var. : Musianus, Murianus), usque ad Danastrum, et in Boream Viscla tenus commorantur: hi paludes silvasque pro civitatibus habent.

551, Jordanes, De origine actibusque Getarum, section V:

The Slavs abide from Noviodunum ad Istrum now known as Isákča and the Mursa lake to the Dniester, and farther north up to the Vistula: here they have the swamps and forests for municipalities.


Sahara

Sahāra f sg (genitive Sahārae); first declension

Sahāra (canonical feminine singular)
Sahārae (genitive)
Sahāra (nominative singular)
Sahārae (genitive singular)
Sahārae (dative singular)
Sahāram (accusative singular)
Sahārā (ablative singular)
Sahāra (singular vocative)
Sahārae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Sahara (a major desert in North Africa)


Ucraina

Ū̆crāīna f sg (genitive Ū̆crāīnae); first declension

Ucraina f sg (genitive Ucrainae); first declension

Ū̆crāīna (canonical feminine singular)
Ucraina (canonical feminine singular)
Ū̆crāīnae (genitive)
Ucrainae (genitive)
Ū̆crāīna (nominative singular)
Ū̆crāīnae (genitive singular)
Ū̆crāīnae (dative singular)
Ū̆crāīnam (accusative singular)
Ū̆crāīnā (ablative singular)
Ū̆crāīna (singular vocative)
Ucraina (nominative singular)
Ucrainae (genitive singular)
Ucrainae (dative singular)
Ucrainam (accusative singular)
Ucrainā (ablative singular)
Ucraina (singular vocative)

[ʊkräːˈiːnä]

Borrowed from Old Ruthenian Оукраи́на (Ukraína, “Ukraine”)

bor

Religionem in Ucraina oportet esse solam et unam Orthodoxae Orientalis Confessionis, [...]

1710 April 5, Philippus Orlik, chapter I, in Contenta Pactorum inter Ducem et Exercitum Zaporoviensem conventorum, in Compendium brevi stylo collecta., Bendery, archived from the original on 2022-04-09:

Religion in Ukraine ought to be united in the sole profession of Eastern Orthodoxy.

(New Latin) Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Messene

la-proper noun

Messēnē f sg (genitive Messēnēs); first declension

Messēnē (canonical feminine singular)
Messēnēs (genitive)
Messēnē (nominative singular)
Messēnēs (genitive singular)
Messēnae (dative singular)
Messēnēn (accusative singular)
Messēnē (ablative singular)
Messēnē (singular vocative)
Messēnae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μεσσήνη (Messḗnē).

The capital of Messenia, built under the direction of Epaminondas


Indus

Indus m sg (genitive Indī); second declension

Indī (genitive)
Indus (nominative singular)
Indī (genitive singular)
Indō (dative singular)
Indum (accusative singular)
Indō (ablative singular)
Inde (singular vocative)


Germania

Germānia f sg (genitive Germāniae); first declension

Germānia (canonical feminine singular)
Germāniae (genitive)
Germānia (nominative singular)
Germāniae (genitive singular)
Germāniae (dative singular)
Germāniam (accusative singular)
Germāniā (ablative singular)
Germānia (singular vocative)

Middle English: Germanie

Irish: Gearmáin

Italian: Germania

Romanian: Germania

Russian: Герма́ния (Germánija)

Sicilian: Girmània

[ɡɛrˈmäːniä]

From Germānī + -ia. Germani was an exonym applied by the Romans to a tribe (or nearby tribes) living around and east of the Rhine; it was first attested in the 1st century b.c. works of Julius Caesar and is of uncertain etymology. It was said by Strabo to derive from germānus (“close kin; genuine”), making it cognate with "germane" and "german", but this seems unsupported. Attempts to derive it from Germanic or Celtic roots are all problematic (although see Germany).

Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire#English

Germany in its various senses, including:

(New Latin) Germany, various Central European nation-states including:

Holy Roman Empire (a former country in Central Europe)

German Empire (a former country in Central Europe)

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Thailandia

Thailandia f sg (genitive Thailandiae); first declension

Thailandiae (genitive)
Thailandia (nominative singular)
Thailandiae (genitive singular)
Thailandiae (dative singular)
Thailandiam (accusative singular)
Thailandiā (ablative singular)
Thailandia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Thailand (a country in Southeast Asia)


Hecate

Hecatē f sg (genitive Hecatēs); first declension

Hecatē (canonical feminine singular)
Hecatēs (genitive)
Hecatē (nominative singular)
Hecatēs (genitive singular)
Hecatae (dative singular)
Hecatēn (accusative singular)
Hecatē (ablative singular)
Hecatē (singular vocative)

(Greek mythology) Hecate; daughter of the Titan Perses and Titaness Asteria (sister of Latona); the presider over enchantments, conjurations; a goddess of magic, the night moon, the underworld, and of the haunted crossroad; variously conflated with Roman deities Diana Trivia (crossroads), Luna (moonlight), and Proserpina (Hades)


Polonia

Polonia f sg (genitive Poloniae); first declension

Poloniae (genitive)
Polonia (nominative singular)
Poloniae (genitive singular)
Poloniae (dative singular)
Poloniam (accusative singular)
Poloniā (ablative singular)
Polonia (singular vocative)

Aromanian: Pulunia

Asturian: Polonia

Catalan: Polònia

Franco-Provençal: Pologne

French: Pologne

Friulian: Polonie

Galician: Polonia

Italian: Polonia

Ligurian: Polònia

Norman: Polongne

Occitan: Polonha

Portuguese: Polônia, Polónia

Romanian: Polonia

Romansch: Pologna

Sardinian: Polonia

Spanish: Polonia

Venetan: Połonia

Walloon: Pologne

→ Chinese: 波羅泥亞 /波罗泥亚 (Bōluóníyà)

→ Manchu: ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᡳᠶᠠ (boloniya)

⇒ English: Polono-

⇒ Georgian: პოლონეთი (ṗoloneti)

→ Polish: Polonia

From Proto-Slavic *poľane, plural of *poľaninъ (“field dweller”).

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Poland (a country in Central Europe)


Serbia

Serbia f sg (genitive Serbiae); first declension

Serbiae (genitive)
Serbia (nominative singular)
Serbiae (genitive singular)
Serbiae (dative singular)
Serbiam (accusative singular)
Serbiā (ablative singular)
Serbia (singular vocative)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


saltus

la-noun

saltus m (genitive saltūs); fourth declension

saltūs (genitive)
saltus (nominative singular)
saltūs (nominative plural)
saltūs (genitive singular)
saltuum (genitive plural)
saltuī (dative singular)
saltibus (dative plural)
saltum (accusative singular)
saltūs (accusative plural)
saltū (ablative singular)
saltibus (ablative plural)
saltus (singular vocative)
saltūs (plural vocative)

Italian: salto

Asturian: sotu

Fala: soitu

Galician: souto

Portuguese: souto, soito, salto

Sardinian: sartu

Spanish: soto

Uncertain. Perhaps related to silva. Compare also Ancient Greek άλσος (álsos, “sacred grove, copse”), from Pre-Greek, which would point to substrate origin if related.

cog

(historical units of measure) A saltus, a large unit of area equal to four centuriae (approximately 500 acres or 200 hectares), used especially in reference to tracts of public land.


Anas

la-proper noun

Anās m sg (genitive Anae); first declension

Anās (canonical masculine singular)
Anae (genitive)
Anās (nominative singular)
Anae (genitive singular)
Anae (dative singular)
Anān (accusative singular)
Anam (accusative singular)
Anā (ablative singular)
Anā (singular vocative)

A river in Spain and Portugal; modern Guadiana.


Atlas

Ā̆tlās m (genitive Ā̆tlantis); third declension

Ā̆tlās (canonical masculine)
Ā̆tlantis (genitive)
Ā̆tlās (nominative singular)
Ā̆tlantēs (nominative plural)
Ā̆tlantis (genitive singular)
Ā̆tlantum (genitive plural)
Ā̆tlantī (dative singular)
Ā̆tlantibus (dative plural)
Ā̆tlantem (accusative singular)
Ā̆tlantēs (accusative plural)
Ā̆tlante (ablative singular)
Ā̆tlantibus (ablative plural)
Ā̆tlā (singular vocative)
Ā̆tlantēs (plural vocative)

Portuguese: Atlas

Spanish: Atlas

[ˈäːt̪ɫ̪äːs̠]

[ˈät̪ɫ̪äːs̠]

From the name of the Ancient Greek mythological figure Ἄτλας (Átlas, “Bearer (of the Heavens)”).

… iamque volāns apicem et latera ardua cernit / Ātlantis dūrī, caelum quī vertice fulcit; / Ātlantis, cīnctum adsiduē cui nūbibus ātrīs / pīniferum caput et ventō pulsātur et imbrī, / nix umerōs īnfūsa tegit; tum flūmina mentō / praecipitant senis, et glaciē riget horrida barba.

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.246–251

… And now as he flies, [Mercury] sees the peak and steep sides of Atlas the enduring, whose top props up the sky; of Atlas, whose pine-clad head is ever girt with dark clouds, and battered by wind and rain, [and] his shoulders laden with fallen snow; [then,] further on, rivers pour down his aged chin, and his bristly beard is stiff with ice.
(This personification blends aspects of both the Titan and the mountain; see also: epanalepsis.)

A mountain in the Atlas Mountain Range in the former Kingdom of Mauretania, said to support the heavens


Barca

Barca f sg (genitive Barcae); first declension

Barcae (genitive)
Barca (nominative singular)
Barcae (nominative plural)
Barcae (genitive singular)
Barcārum (genitive plural)
Barcae (dative singular)
Barcīs (dative plural)
Barcam (accusative singular)
Barcās (accusative plural)
Barcā (ablative singular)
Barcīs (ablative plural)
Barca (singular vocative)
Barcae (plural vocative)

From Punic 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (Baraq), from Phoenician 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (baraq, “lightning”), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *baraḳ-.

a surname from Punic, particularly (historical) a dynasty of Carthaginian leaders.


Barca

Barcae (genitive)
Barca (nominative singular)
Barcae (genitive singular)
Barcae (dative singular)
Barcam (accusative singular)
Barcā (ablative singular)
Barca (singular vocative)
Barcae (locative singular)

English: Barca

Italian: Barca

Spanish: Barca

From Ancient Greek Βάρκη (Bárkē), from the local tribe of the Barraci.


Barium

Bārium n sg (genitive Bāriī or Bārī); second declension

Bārium (canonical neuter singular)
Bāriī (genitive)
Bārī (genitive)
Bārium (nominative singular)
Bāriī (genitive singular)
Bārī (genitive singular)
Bāriō (dative singular)
Bārium (accusative singular)
Bāriō (ablative singular)
Bārium (singular vocative)
Bāriī (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βάριον (Bárion).

A maritime city in Apulia, situated on the coast of the Adriatic Sea, now Bari


Canis

Canis m sg (genitive Canis); third declension

Canis (genitive)
Canis (nominative singular)
Canis (genitive singular)
Canī (dative singular)
Canem (accusative singular)
Cane (ablative singular)
Canis (singular vocative)


Datum

Datum n sg (genitive Datī); second declension

Datī (genitive)
Datum (nominative singular)
Datī (genitive singular)
Datō (dative singular)
Datum (accusative singular)
Datō (ablative singular)
Datum (singular vocative)
Datī (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Δάτον (Dáton).

A town of Macedonia famous for its goldmines


Deva

Deva f sg (genitive Devae); first declension

Devae (genitive)
Deva (nominative singular)
Devae (genitive singular)
Devae (dative singular)
Devam (accusative singular)
Devā (ablative singular)
Deva (singular vocative)

From a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, from Proto-Celtic *deiwā (“goddess”), from Proto-Celtic *deiwos (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god”).

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis#English


Dia

Dīa f sg (genitive Dīae); first declension

Dīa (canonical feminine singular)
Dīae (genitive)
Dīa (nominative singular)
Dīae (genitive singular)
Dīae (dative singular)
Dīam (accusative singular)
Dīā (ablative singular)
Dīa (singular vocative)


Elephantine

Elephantīnē f sg (genitive Elephantīnēs); first declension

Elephantīnē (canonical feminine singular)
Elephantīnēs (genitive)
Elephantīnē (nominative singular)
Elephantīnēs (genitive singular)
Elephantīnae (dative singular)
Elephantīnēn (accusative singular)
Elephantīnē (ablative singular)
Elephantīnē (singular vocative)
Elephantīnae (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Ἐλεφαντίνη (Elephantínē).

Elephantine (ancient island city in Egypt)


Henna

Henna f sg (genitive Hennae); first declension

Hennae (genitive)
Henna (nominative singular)
Hennae (genitive singular)
Hennae (dative singular)
Hennam (accusative singular)
Hennā (ablative singular)
Henna (singular vocative)
Hennae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἔννα (Énna).

One of the most important cities of Sicily, situated near the center of the island, now Enna


Insula

Īnsula f sg (genitive Īnsulae); first declension

Īnsula (canonical feminine singular)
Īnsulae (genitive)
Īnsula (nominative singular)
Īnsulae (genitive singular)
Īnsulae (dative singular)
Īnsulam (accusative singular)
Īnsulā (ablative singular)
Īnsula (singular vocative)
Īnsulae (locative singular)

Lille, a city in France, the capital of Nord-Pas-de-Calais


Ion

Īōn f sg (genitive Īōnis); third declension

Īōn (canonical feminine singular)
Īōnis (genitive)
Īōn (nominative singular)
Īōnis (genitive singular)
Īōnī (dative singular)
Īōnem (accusative singular)
Īōne (ablative singular)
Īōn (singular vocative)


Ion

la-noun

Iōn m sg (genitive Iōnis); third declension

Iōn (canonical masculine singular)
Iōnis (genitive)
Iōn (masculine nominative singular)
Iās (feminine nominative singular)
Iōnēs (masculine nominative singular)
Iādēs (feminine nominative plural)
Iōnis (genitive masculine singular)
Iādis (feminine genitive singular)
Iōnium (genitive masculine singular)
Iādium (feminine genitive plural)
Iōnī (dative masculine singular)
Iādī (dative feminine singular)
Iōnibus (dative masculine singular)
Iādibus (dative feminine plural)
Iōna (accusative masculine singular)
Iādem (accusative feminine singular)
Iōnēs (accusative masculine singular)
Iādes (accusative feminine plural)
Iōnī (ablative masculine singular)
Iāde (ablative feminine singular)
Iōnibus (ablative masculine singular)
Iōnibus (ablative feminine plural)
Iōn (masculine singular vocative)
Iās (feminine singular vocative)
Iōnēs (masculine singular vocative)
Iādēs (feminine plural vocative)


Iris

la-proper noun

Iris m sg (genitive Iris); third declension

Iris (genitive)
Iris (nominative singular)
Iris (genitive singular)
Irī (dative singular)
Irem (accusative singular)
Ire (ablative singular)
Iris (singular vocative)

One of the most considerable rivers of Pontus, now the Yeşilırmak


Laus

Laus f sg (genitive Laudis); third declension

Laudis (genitive)
Laus (nominative singular)
Laudis (genitive singular)
Laudī (dative singular)
Laudem (accusative singular)
Laude (ablative singular)
Laus (singular vocative)
Laudī (locative singular)
Laude (locative singular)


Luna

Lūna f sg (genitive Lūnae); first declension

Lūna (canonical feminine singular)
Lūnae (genitive)
Lūna (nominative singular)
Lūnae (genitive singular)
Lūnae (dative singular)
Lūnam (accusative singular)
Lūnā (ablative singular)
Lūna (singular vocative)
Lūnae (locative singular)

The same word as lūna (“moon”), taken as a proper noun.

A city in Etruria, situated on the left bank of the Macra


Marathe

Marathē f sg (genitive Marathēs); first declension

Marathē (canonical feminine singular)
Marathēs (genitive)
Marathē (nominative singular)
Marathēs (genitive singular)
Marathae (dative singular)
Marathēn (accusative singular)
Marathē (ablative singular)
Marathē (singular vocative)

[ˈmärät̪ʰeː]


Marathon

Marathōn f sg (genitive Marathōnis); third declension

Marathōn (canonical feminine singular)
Marathōnis (genitive)
Marathōn (nominative singular)
Marathōnis (genitive singular)
Marathōnī (dative singular)
Marathōnem (accusative singular)
Marathōna (accusative singular)
Marathōne (ablative singular)
Marathōn (singular vocative)
Marathōnī (locative singular)
Marathōne (locative singular)


Mona

Mona f sg (genitive Monae); first declension

Monae (genitive)
Mona (nominative singular)
Monae (genitive singular)
Monae (dative singular)
Monam (accusative singular)
Monā (ablative singular)
Mona (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μόνα (Móna).
Cognate with the Celtic names of other isles, from Proto-Celtic *moniyos (related to Welsh mynydd, Cornish menydh, Breton menez), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to tower, stand out”) (compare mōns).


Panda

la-proper noun

Panda m sg (genitive Pandae); first declension

Pandae (genitive)
Panda (nominative singular)
Pandae (genitive singular)
Pandae (dative singular)
Pandam (accusative singular)
Pandā (ablative singular)
Panda (singular vocative)


Parma

Parma f sg (genitive Parmae); first declension

Parmae (genitive)
Parma (nominative singular)
Parmae (genitive singular)
Parmae (dative singular)
Parmam (accusative singular)
Parmā (ablative singular)
Parma (singular vocative)
Parmae (locative singular)


Petra

Petra f sg (genitive Petrae); first declension

Petrae (genitive)
Petra (nominative singular)
Petrae (genitive singular)
Petrae (dative singular)
Petram (accusative singular)
Petrā (ablative singular)
Petra (singular vocative)
Petrae (locative singular)

Petra (an ancient Nabatean city in Arabia Petraea, in modern Jordan)

Petra, Petra in Aegypto (an ancient Hellenistic city and former bishopic in Roman Egypt)

Petra (a medieval fortified town in Lazica, in the modern country of Georgia; modern Tsikhisdziri)

Petra (an ancient lost town in Corinthia in modern Greece)

Petra (an ancient lost town in Elis in modern Greece)


Phoenix

Phoenīx m sg (genitive Phoenīcis); third declension

Phoenīx (canonical masculine singular)
Phoenīcis (genitive)
Phoenīx (nominative singular)
Phoenīcis (genitive singular)
Phoenīcī (dative singular)
Phoenīcem (accusative singular)
Phoenīce (ablative singular)
Phoenīx (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek φοῖνῐξ (phoînĭx), Φοῖνῐξ (Phoînĭx).

(New Latin) Phoenix (the capital city of Arizona, United States).


Pion

Piōn m sg (genitive Piōnis); third declension

Piōn (canonical masculine singular)
Piōnis (genitive)
Piōn (nominative singular)
Piōnis (genitive singular)
Piōnī (dative singular)
Piōnem (accusative singular)
Piōne (ablative singular)
Piōn (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πίων (Píōn).


Retina

Retina f sg (genitive Retinae); first declension

Retinae (genitive)
Retina (nominative singular)
Retinae (genitive singular)
Retinae (dative singular)
Retinam (accusative singular)
Retinā (ablative singular)
Retina (singular vocative)
Retinae (locative singular)


Riga

Riga f sg (genitive Rigae); first declension

Rigae (genitive)
Riga (nominative singular)
Rigae (genitive singular)
Rigae (dative singular)
Rigam (accusative singular)
Rigā (ablative singular)
Riga (singular vocative)

Blokavs Munitio inter Rigam & Dinamunt ad Dwinam condita

1578, Alexander Guagnini, Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio, quae Regnum Poloniae, Lituaniam, Samogitiam, Russiam, Masouiam, Prussiam, Pomeraniam, Liuoniam, et Moschouiae, Tartariaeque partem complectitur [Description of European Sarmatia, Which Encompasses the Kingdom of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia, Russia, Mazovia, Prussia, Pomerania, Livonia, Muscovy, and Part of Tartary], Liuoniae totius cum suis Prouinciis, Ciuitatibus, Castris, et Commendaturis, siue Palatinatibus, etc. Succincta descriptio [A succinct description of the whole of Livonia, with its provinces, cities, castles, and commanderies or palatinates, etc.], folio 3r:

Blokaus is a fortification built on the Dvina between Riga and Dünamünde.


Sale

Salē f sg (genitive Salēs); first declension

Salē (canonical feminine singular)
Salēs (genitive)
Salē (nominative singular)
Salēs (genitive singular)
Salae (dative singular)
Salēn (accusative singular)
Salē (ablative singular)
Salē (singular vocative)
Salae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Σάλη (Sálē).

a town on the southern coast of Thrace, near the mouth of the Hebrus


Sel

Unknown. If the identification with Salobreña is accepted, then perhaps a clipping from Phoenician and cognate with Salambō.

Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica#English

An ancient city in Hispania Baetica, modern Spain, perhaps modern Salobreña.


Sora

Sōra f sg (genitive Sōrae); first declension

Sōra (canonical feminine singular)
Sōrae (genitive)
Sōra (nominative singular)
Sōrae (genitive singular)
Sōrae (dative singular)
Sōram (accusative singular)
Sōrā (ablative singular)
Sōra (singular vocative)
Sōrae (locative singular)

An ancient city in Latium, situated in the valley of the Liris, now Sora


Tellus

Tellūs f sg (genitive Tellūris); third declension

Tellūs (canonical feminine singular)
Tellūris (genitive)
Tellūs (nominative singular)
Tellūris (genitive singular)
Tellūrī (dative singular)
Tellūrem (accusative singular)
Tellūre (ablative singular)
Tellūs (singular vocative)

desc

English: Tellurian, tellurian, tellurium, telluric

[ˈt̪ɛlːʲuːs̠]

A personification of tellūs; see there for more.


Tritium

la-proper noun

Tritium n sg (genitive Tritiī or Tritī); second declension

Tritiī (genitive)
Tritī (genitive)
Tritium (nominative singular)
Tritiī (genitive singular)
Tritī (genitive singular)
Tritiō (dative singular)
Tritium (accusative singular)
Tritiō (ablative singular)
Tritium (singular vocative)
Tritiī (locative singular)

[ˈt̪rɪt̪iʊ̃ˑ]

From a Hispano-Celtic language, from Proto-Celtic *tritiyos (“third”).

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis

A town of the Autrigones in Hispania Tarraconensis


Virus

Virus m sg (genitive Virī); second declension

Virī (genitive)
Virus (nominative singular)
Virī (genitive singular)
Virō (dative singular)
Virum (accusative singular)
Virō (ablative singular)
Vire (singular vocative)

A river in Hispania Tarraconensis, now the Anllóns


Zone

Zōnē f sg (genitive Zōnēs); first declension

Zōnē (canonical feminine singular)
Zōnēs (genitive)
Zōnē (nominative singular)
Zōnēs (genitive singular)
Zōnae (dative singular)
Zōnēn (accusative singular)
Zōnē (ablative singular)
Zōnē (singular vocative)
Zōnae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ζώνη (Zṓnē).

[ˈd̪͡z̪ɔːne]

a promontory on the southern coast of Thrace


Norvegia

Norvegia f sg (genitive Norvegiae); first declension

Norvegiae (genitive)
Norvegia (nominative singular)
Norvegiae (genitive singular)
Norvegiae (dative singular)
Norvegiam (accusative singular)
Norvegiā (ablative singular)
Norvegia (singular vocative)

Catalan: Noruega

French: Norvège

Hungarian: Norvégia

Italian: Norvegia

Interlingua: Norvegia

Portuguese: Noruega

Romanian: Norvegia

desctree

Russian: Норве́гия (Norvégija), Норве́гія (Norvégija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: Նորվեգիա (Norvegia)
→ Bashkir: Норвегия (Norvegiya)
→ Ingrian: Norvegia
→ Georgian: ნორვეგია (norvegia)
→ Yiddish: נאָרוועגיע (norvegye)

Sicilian: Nurbeggia

Spanish: Noruega

[nɔrˈu̯ɛɡiä]

From Old Norse Norvegr (“north way”), from norðr (“north”) + vegr (“way”).

(New Latin) Norway (a country in Scandinavia, in northern Europe)


Eboracum

la-proper noun

Eborācum n sg (genitive Eborācī); second declension

Eborācum (canonical neuter singular)
Eborācī (genitive)
Eborācum (nominative singular)
Eborācī (genitive singular)
Eborācō (dative singular)
Eborācum (accusative singular)
Eborācō (ablative singular)
Eborācum (singular vocative)
Eborācī (locative singular)

desctree

→ Old English: Eoforwīċ, Eoferwīc, Ēorwīc
Middle English: Everwik, Eborwike, Eoverwic, Everwic, Everwich, Everwike, Everwyk
→ Old French: Everwich
→ Old Italian: Verrvicche
→ Old Norse: Jórvík
Icelandic: Jórvík
→ Faroese: Jórvík (learned)
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Jorvik (learned)
→ Swedish: Jorvik (learned)
→ Danish: Jorvig (learned)
→ Middle English: York, Yorke, Ȝork, Ȝorke, Ȝorc, Ȝeorc
English: York

[ɛbɔˈräːkʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from pre-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic *Eborākom, from *eburos (“yew”) + *-ākom (relative adjective suffix). See the entry York for more.

suffix

Eboracum, a fort and city in Roman Britain, which evolved into York.


Crius

la-proper noun

Crius m sg (genitive Criī or Crī); second declension

Criī (genitive)
Crī (genitive)
Crius (nominative singular)
Criī (genitive singular)
Crī (genitive singular)
Criō (dative singular)
Crium (accusative singular)
Criō (ablative singular)
Crī (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κριός (Kriós).

A river of Achaia flowing into the sea near Aegira


Cambyses

Cambȳsēs m sg (genitive Cambȳsis); third declension

Cambȳsēs (canonical masculine singular)
Cambȳsis (genitive)
Cambȳsēs (nominative singular)
Cambȳsis (genitive singular)
Cambȳsī (dative singular)
Cambȳsem (accusative singular)
Cambȳse (ablative singular)
Cambȳsēs (singular vocative)
Cambȳsī (locative singular)
Cambȳse (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Καμβῡ́σης (Kambū́sēs).

A river in Albania, rising in the Caucasus and flowing into the Cyrus, now the river Iori


Samaria

Samarīa f sg (genitive Samarīae); first declension

Samarīa (canonical feminine singular)
Samarīae (genitive)
Samarīa (nominative singular)
Samarīae (genitive singular)
Samarīae (dative singular)
Samarīam (accusative singular)
Samarīā (ablative singular)
Samarīa (singular vocative)
Samarīae (locative singular)

[s̠ämäˈriːä]

From Ancient Greek Σαμάρεια (Samáreia), partial calque of Biblical Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן (Šōmərōn).

(historical) Former name of Sebastia, Samaria (a city in the West Bank, Palestine; ancient capital of the Kingdom of Israel)

(historical) Samaria (an ancient region in the region of Palestine, mostly in the northern part of the modern West Bank)


caput

la-noun

caput n (genitive capitis); third declension

capitis (genitive)
caput (nominative singular)
capita (nominative plural)
capitis (genitive singular)
capitum (genitive plural)
capitī (dative singular)
capitibus (dative plural)
caput (accusative singular)
capita (accusative plural)
capite (ablative singular)
capitibus (ablative plural)
caput (singular vocative)
capita (plural vocative)

Direct reflexes:

Sardinian: cabudu, cabude, cabide

Italian: capo

⇒ Vulgar Latin: capus (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ English: caput

→ Portuguese: caput

Reflexes of capita and, via back-formation, a new singular *capitum:

Balkans:

Aromanian: capiti, capit, capitu

Istro-Romanian: cåpete

Megleno-Romanian: capiti

Romanian: capete, capăt

Italy and environs:

Central Italian: capita; capitu, capito

Lombard: caved

Sardinian: cabida

From *capucla, feminine of *capuclum, for *caputulum:

Italian: capocchia

From *caputia:

Italian: capoccia

From Proto-Italic *kaput, from Proto-Indo-European *káput-. Cognates include German Haupt and English head.

(New Latin, pathology) A disease; a severe swelling of the soft tissues of a newborn's scalp that develops as the baby travels through the birth canal.


Styx

la-proper noun

Styx f sg (genitive Stygis or Stygos); third declension

Stygis (genitive)
Stygos (genitive)
Styx (nominative singular)
Stygos (genitive singular)
Stygis (genitive singular)
Stygī (dative singular)
Styga (accusative singular)
Stygem (accusative singular)
Styge (ablative singular)
Styx (singular vocative)


Islandia

Īslandia f sg (genitive Īslandiae); first declension

Īslandia (canonical feminine singular)
Īslandiae (genitive)
Īslandia (nominative singular)
Īslandiae (genitive singular)
Īslandiae (dative singular)
Īslandiam (accusative singular)
Īslandiā (ablative singular)
Īslandia (singular vocative)

[iːs̠ˈɫ̪än̪d̪iä]

2001 Latnesk Lestrarbók (“a Latin reader”) by Kristinn Ármannsson; first part, lesson 8

Islandia insula est.
Iceland is an island.

1772-1778 Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ by Finnur Jónsson, chapter one (Google books)

Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.


Britannia

Britannia f (genitive Britanniae); first declension

Britanniae (genitive)
Britannia (nominative singular)
Britanniae (nominative plural)
Britanniae (genitive singular)
Britanniārum (genitive plural)
Britanniae (dative singular)
Britanniīs (dative plural)
Britanniam (accusative singular)
Britanniās (accusative plural)
Britanniā (ablative singular)
Britanniīs (ablative plural)
Britannia (singular vocative)
Britanniae (plural vocative)
Britanniae (locative singular)
Britanniīs (locative plural)

desctree

بَرْطَانِيَة

→ Arabic: بَرْطَانِيَة (barṭāniya), بِرِيطانِيَا (birīṭāniyā)
→ Classical Persian: برطانیه (biritâniya)
→ Pashto: برطانيه (bartānya)
→ Urdu: بَرْطانِیَہ (bartāniya)

desc

Catalan: → Bretanya, → Britània (learned)

→ Dutch: Brittannië (learned)

→ English: Britannia (learned)

→ Finnish: Britannia (learned)

→ French: Britannia (learned)

→ German: Britannien (learned)

→ Hungarian: Britannia (learned)

Italian: Bretagna, → Britannia (learned)

→ Old English: Breten

Old French: Bretaigne, Britaine

→ Middle English: Breteyn, Britayne

English: Britain, Brittany

→ Japanese: ブリテン (Buriten)

→ Korean: 브리튼 (Beuriteun)

→ Mandarin: 不列顛 /不列颠 (Bùlièdiān)

French: Bretagne

→ Japanese: ブルターニュ (Burutānyu)

Old Galician-Portuguese: Bretanha

Galician: Bretaña

Portuguese: Bretanha, Britânia

Sicilian: Britagna, Britanja

Spanish: Bretaña

Diodorus
Pytheas
en:Britain (name)
la:Britannia (discretiva)

Attested from the 1st century BCE, directly or from Ancient Greek Βρεττανία (Brettanía), Πρεττανία (Prettanía) (in Diodorus), earlier νῆσος Πρεττανική (nêsos Prettanikḗ) or Βρεττανίαι (Brettaníai), used by Pytheas (4th century BCE) of the entire archipelago now known as the British Isles.
The Ancient Greek name is ultimately from a Celtic ethnonym, reconstructed as early Brythonic *Pritani, perhaps from a Proto-Celtic *Kʷritanī, *Kʷritenī, whence Welsh Prydyn (“Picts”), Old Irish Cruthne, Cru(i)then-túath (“Picts”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do”).

Britain (a region of Western Europe, the country of the Britons)

Great Britain (an island in Western Europe)

Britannia (a Roman province in Western Europe, on the island of Great Britain)

Britanniārum Rēgnum

United Kingdom; Kingdom of the British Isles

(Medieval Latin) Brittany (a region and peninsula in modern France, populated by speakers of Breton)

(Medieval Latin) Wales (a region in the modern United Kingdom, populated by speakers of Welsh)


Arabia

la-proper noun

Ā̆rabia f sg (genitive Ā̆rabiae); first declension

Ā̆rabia (canonical feminine singular)
Ā̆rabiae (genitive)
Ā̆rabia (nominative singular)
Ā̆rabiae (genitive singular)
Ā̆rabiae (dative singular)
Ā̆rabiam (accusative singular)
Ā̆rabiā (ablative singular)
Ā̆rabia (singular vocative)

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

Arabia (A peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)


Arabia Felix

Arabia Fēlīx f sg (genitive Arabiae Fēlīcis); first declension

Arabia Fēlīx (canonical feminine singular)
Arabiae Fēlīcis (genitive)
Arabia Fēlīx (nominative singular)
Arabiae Fēlīcis (genitive singular)
Arabiae Fēlīcī (dative singular)
Arabiam Fēlīcem (accusative singular)
Arabiā Fēlīcī (ablative singular)
Arabia Fēlīx (singular vocative)

Calque of Ancient Greek Ἀραβία Εὐδαίμων (Arabía Eudaímōn, literally “the well-off Arabia”).

calque

Ἀραβία Εὐδαίμων

The Arabian Peninsula, especially South Arabia


Medina

la-proper noun

Medīna f sg (genitive Medīnae); first declension

Medīna (canonical feminine singular)
Medīnae (genitive)
Medīna (nominative singular)
Medīnae (genitive singular)
Medīnae (dative singular)
Medīnam (accusative singular)
Medīnā (ablative singular)
Medīna (singular vocative)
Medīnae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْمَدِينَة (al-madīna).

bor

اَلْمَدِينَة

(post-Classical) Medina (Arabic city in modern Saudi Arabia)


Atina

la-proper noun

Atīna f sg (genitive Atīnae); first declension

Atīna (canonical feminine singular)
Atīnae (genitive)
Atīna (nominative singular)
Atīnae (genitive singular)
Atīnae (dative singular)
Atīnam (accusative singular)
Atīnā (ablative singular)
Atīna (singular vocative)
Atīnae (locative singular)

an ancient city of the Volscians in Latium in modern-day Italy, situated on a hill near the sources of the river Melpis, now Atina


sinus

la-noun

sinus m (genitive sinūs); fourth declension

sinūs (genitive)
sinus (nominative singular)
sinūs (nominative plural)
sinūs (genitive singular)
sinuum (genitive plural)
sinuī (dative singular)
sinibus (dative plural)
sinum (accusative singular)
sinūs (accusative plural)
sinū (ablative singular)
sinibus (ablative plural)
sinus (singular vocative)
sinūs (plural vocative)

→ Aromanian: sin

Asturian: senu, sen

Catalan: si; → sina

→ English: sinus, sine

French: sein; → sinus

Friulian: sen

Italian: seno

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: sẽo, seo
Galician: seo
Portuguese: seio

Piedmontese: sen

→ Portuguese: sino, seno (learned)

Romanian: sân

Romansch: sain

Sardinian: sinu

Sicilian: sinu

Spanish: seno

Venetan: sen

From Proto-Indo-European *sinos; akin to Albanian gji (“breast, bosom”).
The mathematical sense ‘chord of an arc, sine’ was introduced in the 12th century by Gherardo of Cremona as a semantic loan from Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “chord, sine”) (ultimately a loan from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “bowstring”)) by confusion with جَيْب (jayb, “bosom, fold in a garment”).

semantic loan

(literal) the hanging fold of a toga over the breast; a pocket, lap

a purse, money, which was carried in the bosom of the toga

Qui cum sedens ad mensam non haberet ad manum, ubi oblatum sibi munus reponeret, misit hoc in sinum sibi.

Beda Venerabilis, Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum III.2

Having nowhere to put what had been brought him when sitting at the table, he shoved it into his bosom.


Figenoiama

Borrowed from Japanese 富士(ふじ)の山(やま) (Fuji no Yama, “Mount Fuji”).

ja-r

[…]alter Figenoiama nomine, Leucarum aliquot aſcenſu trans nubes attolitur.

1589, Ioannes Petrus Maffeius, Historiarum Indicarum, volume XII, page 149:

[…] the other, Mount Fuji by name, is elevated above the clouds by an ascent of some leagues.

Inter montes duo cæteris præſtant, quorum vnus ſpectatæ altitudinis eſt, adeò vt etiam ipſas nubes magno interuallo ſuperet, qui ipſis Figenoiama vocatur[…]

1597, Giovanni Antonio Magini, Geographiae Cl. Ptolemaei Pars Secvnda, page 268:

Among the mountains two of them stand out, one of which is of considerable height, so much so that it surmounts even the clouds themselves at a great distance, which is called Mount Fuji […]

[…]alter Figenoiama dictus tantæ altitudinis eſt, vt etiam ipſas nubes altiſſimo interuallo ſuperet.

1628, Iohannes Ludovicus Gotofredus, Archontologia Cosmica, page 202:

[…] the other, called Mount Fuji, is of such height, that it surmounts even the clouds themselves at a great distance.

(New Latin) Mount Fuji (the highest mountain in Japan)


vicus

la-noun

vīcus m (genitive vīcī); second declension

vīcus (canonical masculine)
vīcī (genitive)
vīcus (nominative singular)
vīcī (nominative plural)
vīcī (genitive singular)
vīcōrum (genitive plural)
vīcō (dative singular)
vīcīs (dative plural)
vīcum (accusative singular)
vīcōs (accusative plural)
vīcō (ablative singular)
vīcīs (ablative plural)
vīce (singular vocative)
vīcī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: vico, ⇒ vicolo

Neapolitan: vico, ⇒ viculo

Rhaeto-Romance:

Romansch: vitg

Gallo-Italic:

Lombard: vic (Alpine)

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: Vic (toponym)

desc

Old Occitan: bic (“hamlet, seat of jurisdiction”) (Gascon)

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: Vigo (toponym)

Borrowings:

Ancient:

→ Old Irish: fich

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: gwig

Cornish: gwig

Welsh: gwig

→ Proto-Germanic: *wīkō (see there for further descendants)

Later:

→ English: vicus

→ Interlingua: vico

Inherited from Proto-Italic *weikos, from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“village”). Cognate of Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos, “house”), Sanskrit विश् (víś, “settlement, dwelling-space”), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs, “village, place”), Etruscan 𐌅𐌉𐌊𐌖 (viku).

cog

street; quarter, neighbourhood; row of houses


Bohemia

la-proper noun

Bohēmia f sg (genitive Bohēmiae); first declension

Bohēmia (canonical feminine singular)
Bohēmiae (genitive)
Bohēmia (nominative singular)
Bohēmiae (genitive singular)
Bohēmiae (dative singular)
Bohēmiam (accusative singular)
Bohēmiā (ablative singular)
Bohēmia (singular vocative)

→ English: Bohemia

→ French: Bohême

→ Italian: Boemia

→ Spanish: Bohemia

(Medieval Latin) Bohemia (a region of the Czech Republic)


Corsica

Corsica f sg (genitive Corsicae); first declension

Corsicae (genitive)
Corsica (nominative singular)
Corsicae (genitive singular)
Corsicae (dative singular)
Corsicam (accusative singular)
Corsicā (ablative singular)
Corsica (singular vocative)
Corsicae (locative singular)

Catalan: Còrsega

Corsican: Corsica

French: Corse

Italian: Corsica

Portuguese: Córsega

Spanish: Córcega

→ English: Corsica

→ Irish: An Chorsaic

→ Manx: Yn Chorsickey

→ Welsh: Corsica

From Ancient Greek Κορσική (Korsikḗ), mentioned in Homer's Odyssey.

administrative region
administrative region

Corsica (an island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia)


Eurasia

Eurasia f sg (genitive Eurasiae); first declension

Eurasiae (genitive)
Eurasia (nominative singular)
Eurasiae (genitive singular)
Eurasiae (dative singular)
Eurasiam (accusative singular)
Eurasiā (ablative singular)
Eurasia (singular vocative)
Eurasiae (locative singular)

[ɛu̯ˈräs̠iä]

Eurasia (a supercontinent consisting of Europe and Asia)


Japonia

Japonia f sg (genitive Japoniae); first declension

Japoniae (genitive)
Japonia (nominative singular)
Japoniae (genitive singular)
Japoniae (dative singular)
Japoniam (accusative singular)
Japoniā (ablative singular)
Japonia (singular vocative)


Triton

Trītōn m (genitive Trītōnis); third declension

Trītōn (canonical masculine)
Trītōnis (genitive)

(Greek mythology) Triton (mythological sea god)


Caracalla

Caracalla m sg (genitive Caracallae); first declension

Caracallae (genitive)
Caracalla (nominative singular)
Caracallae (genitive singular)
Caracallae (dative singular)
Caracallam (accusative singular)
Caracallā (ablative singular)
Caracalla (singular vocative)

[käräˈkälːʲä]

[käräˈkälːä]

A Roman cognomen — famously held by:
Caracalla, a Roman emperor


alveolus

la-noun

alveolus m (genitive alveolī); second declension

alveolī (genitive)
alveolus (nominative singular)
alveolī (nominative plural)
alveolī (genitive singular)
alveolōrum (genitive plural)
alveolō (dative singular)
alveolīs (dative plural)
alveolum (accusative singular)
alveolōs (accusative plural)
alveolō (ablative singular)
alveolīs (ablative plural)
alveole (singular vocative)
alveolī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: nullë

→ Catalan: alvèol

→ English: alveolus

→ French: alvéole

Irish: ailbheolas

→ Italian: alveolo

→ Portuguese: alvéolo

→ Romanian: alveolă

→ Russian: альвео́ла (alʹveóla)

→ Spanish: alvéolo

→ Venetan: alvèolo, albòl

Vulgar Latin: *albiolus, *albiola

Italian: albiolo

Romanian: albioară

[äɫ̪ˈu̯eɔɫ̪ʊs̠]

From alveus (“a hollow, cavity”) + -olus (diminutive nominal suffix).

suffix

(board games) a small gaming board upon which the dice are thrown


Narnia

la-proper noun

Nārnia f sg (genitive Nārniae); first declension

Nārnia (canonical feminine singular)
Nārniae (genitive)
Nārnia (nominative singular)
Nārniae (genitive singular)
Nārniae (dative singular)
Nārniam (accusative singular)
Nārniā (ablative singular)
Nārnia (singular vocative)
Nārniae (locative singular)

Ancient Greek: Νάρνεια (Nárneia)

Italian: Narni


Artemisia

Only the name of the island can take the locative case.

Artemī̆sia f sg (genitive Artemī̆siae); first declension

Artemī̆sia (canonical feminine singular)
Artemī̆siae (genitive)
Artemī̆sia (nominative singular)
Artemī̆siae (genitive singular)
Artemī̆siae (dative singular)
Artemī̆siam (accusative singular)
Artemī̆siā (ablative singular)
Artemī̆sia (singular vocative)
Artemī̆siae (locative singular)

[ärt̪ɛˈmɪs̠iä]

From the Ancient Greek Ἀρτεμῑσῐ́ᾱ (Artemīsĭ́ā).

Isle of Palmaiola (an islet of the Tuscan Archipelago, on the Tyrrhenian Sea)


Verulamium

Verulamium n sg (genitive Verulamiī or Verulamī); second declension

Verulamiī (genitive)
Verulamī (genitive)
Verulamium (nominative singular)
Verulamiī (genitive singular)
Verulamī (genitive singular)
Verulamiō (dative singular)
Verulamium (accusative singular)
Verulamiō (ablative singular)
Verulamium (singular vocative)
Verulamiī (locative singular)

[u̯ɛrʊˈɫ̪ämiʊ̃ˑ]

A town in Britannia, Roman Empire, now St Albans, Hertfordshire, England, UK.


Rubicon

Rubicōn m sg (genitive Rubicōnis); third declension

Rubicōn (canonical masculine singular)
Rubicōnis (genitive)
Rubicōn (nominative singular)
Rubicōnis (genitive singular)
Rubicōnī (dative singular)
Rubicōnem (accusative singular)
Rubicōne (ablative singular)
Rubicōn (singular vocative)

Possibly from rubeus (“red, reddish”), from rubeō (“to be red”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”), an allusion to the colour of the river caused by mud deposits.


Tina

Tina f sg (genitive Tinae); first declension

Tinae (genitive)
Tina (nominative singular)
Tinae (genitive singular)
Tinae (dative singular)
Tinam (accusative singular)
Tinā (ablative singular)
Tina (singular vocative)

Found in Old English as a component of the place name Tinanmuðe (“Tynemouth”). Possibly of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *tīn (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to flow”). Compare the river Tinna.


Tokio

Borrowed from Japanese 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō, literally “eastern capital”).

ja-r

(New Latin) Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital and largest city of Japan)


Emerita

la-proper noun

Ēmerita f sg (genitive Ēmeritae); first declension

Ēmerita (canonical feminine singular)
Ēmeritae (genitive)
Ēmerita (nominative singular)
Ēmeritae (genitive singular)
Ēmeritae (dative singular)
Ēmeritam (accusative singular)
Ēmeritā (ablative singular)
Ēmerita (singular vocative)
Ēmeritae (locative singular)

Colonia Augusta Emerita
Colonia Augusta Emerita#Latin

Short for Colonia Augusta Emerita. (an ancient Roman city, now Mérida, Spain)


Versaliae

Versaliae f pl (genitive Versaliārum); first declension

Versaliārum (genitive)
Versaliae (nominative plural)
Versaliārum (genitive plural)
Versaliīs (dative plural)
Versaliās (accusative plural)
Versaliīs (ablative plural)
Versaliae (plural vocative)


Larisa

Lārīsa f sg (genitive Lārīsae); first declension

Lārīsa (canonical feminine singular)
Lārīsae (genitive)
Lārīsa (nominative singular)
Lārīsae (genitive singular)
Lārīsae (dative singular)
Lārīsam (accusative singular)
Lārīsā (ablative singular)
Lārīsa (singular vocative)
Lārīsae (locative singular)

[ɫ̪äːˈriːs̠ä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λᾱ́ρισσα (Lā́rissa).


Thesprotia

Thesprōtia f sg (genitive Thesprōtiae); first declension

Thesprōtia (canonical feminine singular)
Thesprōtiae (genitive)
Thesprōtia (nominative singular)
Thesprōtiae (genitive singular)
Thesprōtiae (dative singular)
Thesprōtiam (accusative singular)
Thesprōtiā (ablative singular)
Thesprōtia (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Θεσπρωτῐ́ᾱ (Thesprōtĭ́ā).

An ancient region in Epirus, in modern Greece


Danubius

Dānubius m sg (genitive Dānubiī or Dānubī); second declension

Dānubius (canonical masculine singular)
Dānubiī (genitive)
Dānubī (genitive)
Dānubius (nominative singular)
Dānubiī (genitive singular)
Dānubī (genitive singular)
Dānubiō (dative singular)
Dānubium (accusative singular)
Dānubiō (ablative singular)
Dānubī (singular vocative)

Arabic: دانوب (dānūb)

Catalan: Danubi

Old French: Danube

French: Danube

→ English: Danube (see there for further descendants)

Hebrew: דנובה (danuba)

Italian: Danubio

Persian: دانوب (dânub)

Portuguese: Danúbio

Romanian: Danubiu

Spanish: Danubio

From Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos, an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, either from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”) or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“run, flow”).

m+

Germania omnis a Gallis Rhaetisque et Pannoniis Rheno et Danubio fluminibus.

Tacitus, Gemanica, chapter 1 (Oxford revised translation)

Germany is separated from Gaul, Rhaetia, and Pannonia, by the rivers Rhine and Danube.


Rhenus

la-proper noun

Rhēnus m sg (genitive Rhēnī); second declension

Rhēnus (canonical masculine singular)
Rhēnī (genitive)
Rhēnus (nominative singular)
Rhēnī (genitive singular)
Rhēnō (dative singular)
Rhēnum (accusative singular)
Rhēnō (ablative singular)
Rhēne (singular vocative)

Italian: Reno

Old Occitan: Ren

Catalan: Ren (archaic)

Occitan: Ren

→ Polish: Ren

Romansch: Rain, Ragn, Rein

Borrowed from Gaulish *Reinos (Proto-Celtic *reinos), built on Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to flow”).


Gaza

la-proper noun

Gaza f sg (genitive Gazae); first declension

Gazae (genitive)
Gaza (nominative singular)
Gazae (genitive singular)
Gazae (dative singular)
Gazam (accusative singular)
Gazā (ablative singular)
Gaza (singular vocative)
Gazae (locative singular)

English: Gaza

Italian: Gaza

Sicilian: Gazza

[ˈɡäz̪d̪͡z̪ä]

[ˈɡäd̪ː͡z̪ä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Γάζα (Gáza), from Biblical Hebrew עַזָּה ('Áza).

Gaza (the capital of the Gaza Strip, Palestine)


Phoenicia

Phoenīcia f sg (genitive Phoenīciae); first declension

Phoenīcia (canonical feminine singular)
Phoenīciae (genitive)
Phoenīcia (nominative singular)
Phoenīciae (genitive singular)
Phoenīciae (dative singular)
Phoenīciam (accusative singular)
Phoenīciā (ablative singular)
Phoenīcia (singular vocative)
Phoenīciae (locative singular)

English: Phoenicia

From Ancient Greek Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē), from Φοῖνιξ (Phoînix, “Phoenician”), from Egyptian fnḫw (“Phoenicians”), f:n:x-w-V12:Z2

Phoenicia (an ancient region in coastal Western Asia, in modern Syria and Lebanon)


Sidon

Sīdōn f sg (genitive Sīdōnis); third declension

Sīdōn (canonical feminine singular)
Sīdōnis (genitive)
Sīdōn (nominative singular)
Sīdōnis (genitive singular)
Sīdōnī (dative singular)
Sīdōnem (accusative singular)
Sīdōne (ablative singular)
Sīdōn (singular vocative)
Sīdōnī (locative singular)
Sīdōne (locative singular)

English: Sidon

Catalan: Sidó

French: Sidon

Italian: Sidone

Ligurian: Sidón

Lombard: Sidun

Portuguese: Sídon

Romanian: Sidon

Sicilian: Siduni

Spanish: Sidón

From Ancient Greek Σιδών (Sidṓn), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn).

Sidon (a city-state in Levant in Phoenicia) (a Phoenician city in modern Lebanon)


Gallia

Gallia f (genitive Galliae); first declension

Galliae (genitive)
Gallia (nominative singular)
Galliae (nominative plural)
Galliae (genitive singular)
Galliārum (genitive plural)
Galliae (dative singular)
Galliīs (dative plural)
Galliam (accusative singular)
Galliās (accusative plural)
Galliā (ablative singular)
Galliīs (ablative plural)
Gallia (singular vocative)
Galliae (plural vocative)
Galliae (locative singular)
Galliīs (locative plural)

French: Jaille

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Γᾰλλῐ́ᾱ (Găllĭ́ā)
Greek: Γαλλία (Gallía)
→ Aromanian: Galii

→ Catalan: Gàl·lia

→ Finnish: Gallia

→ Italian: Gallia

→ Japanese: ガリア

→ Portuguese: Gália

→ Romanian: Galia

→ Spanish: Galia

From gallus (“a Gaul”) + -ia. The medieval application to Wales is by conflation.

(New Latin) France (a country in Western Europe)


Nazareth

[ˈnäːz̪d̪͡z̪ärɛt̪ʰ]

[ˈnäd̪ː͡z̪äret̪]

From the Ancient Greek Νᾱζᾰρέθ (Nāzăréth, “Nazareth”), probably from the Hebrew נָצְרַת (Nāṣraṯ).


Minorca

Catalan: Menorca

English: Minorca

French: Minorque

Portuguese: Minorca

Spanish: Menorca


Lydia

la-proper noun

Lȳdia f sg (genitive Lȳdiae); first declension

Lȳdia (canonical feminine singular)
Lȳdiae (genitive)
Lȳdia (nominative singular)
Lȳdiae (genitive singular)
Lȳdiae (dative singular)
Lȳdiam (accusative singular)
Lȳdiā (ablative singular)
Lȳdia (singular vocative)


antrum

la-noun

antrum n (genitive antrī); second declension

antrī (genitive)
antrum (nominative singular)
antra (nominative plural)
antrī (genitive singular)
antrōrum (genitive plural)
antrō (dative singular)
antrīs (dative plural)
antrum (accusative singular)
antra (accusative plural)
antrō (ablative singular)
antrīs (ablative plural)
antrum (singular vocative)
antra (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: antre

→ English: antrum

→ Galician: antro

→ Italian: antro

→ Middle French: antre

→ English: antre

French: antre

→ Portuguese: antro

→ Spanish: antro

[ˈän̪t̪rʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek ἄντρον (ántron, “cave”).

Fronte sub adversā scopulīs pendentibus antrum;
intus aquae dulcēs vīvōque sedīlia saxō:

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.166–168

Under the facing cliff [is] a cave with hanging rocks; inside [it], fresh waters and seats in natural stone: a home of nymphs.


Dacia

la-proper noun

Dācia f sg (genitive Dāciae); first declension

Dācia (canonical feminine singular)
Dāciae (genitive)
Dācia (nominative singular)
Dāciae (genitive singular)
Dāciae (dative singular)
Dāciam (accusative singular)
Dāciā (ablative singular)
Dācia (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Δάοι (Dáoi), Δάκοι (Dákoi), of long disputed origin and meaning; see Dacians. Some writers used the tribe name Getae to describe them.

[ˈd̪äːt͡ʃiä]

Dacia (an ancient region and former kingdom located in the area now known as Romania. The Dacian kingdom was conquered by the Romans and later named Romania after them.)


Dacia

Same as 1, used instead of Dania because of the similar sound.

[ˈd̪äːt͡ʃiä]


Chimaera

Chimaera f sg (genitive Chimaerae); first declension

Chimaerae (genitive)
Chimaera (nominative singular)
Chimaerae (genitive singular)
Chimaerae (dative singular)
Chimaeram (accusative singular)
Chimaerā (ablative singular)
Chimaera (singular vocative)

[kʰɪˈmäe̯rä]

From Ancient Greek Χίμαιρα (Khímaira, “fire-breathing Lycian monster, fire-spewing Lycian or Cilician mountain”), from χίμαιρα (khímaira, “she-goat”).

bor

Mount Chimera (a mountain in Cilicia or Lycia, modern Turkey)

(historical) An ancient region in modern Albania, Himarë

Ceraunian Mountains
Ceraunian Mountains#English

(historical) the Ceraunian Mountains (a mountain range in Albania)


Caledonia

la-proper noun

Calēdonia f sg (genitive Calēdoniae); first declension

Calēdonia (canonical feminine singular)
Calēdoniae (genitive)
Calēdonia (nominative singular)
Calēdoniae (genitive singular)
Calēdoniae (dative singular)
Calēdoniam (accusative singular)
Calēdoniā (ablative singular)
Calēdonia (singular vocative)
Calēdoniae (locative singular)

Catalan: Caledònia

→ English: Caledonia

Spanish: Caledonia

[käɫ̪eːˈd̪ɔniä]

From Calēdonēs + -ia, probably ultimately of Celtic origin, possibly from Proto-Celtic *kaletos (“hard”) (<< Proto-Indo-European *kal-) + *ɸēdo- (“foot”) (<< Proto-Indo-European *pṓds).

Scotland, the northern part of the island of Britannia


Andes

Andēs f pl (genitive Andium); third declension

Andēs (canonical feminine plural)
Andium (genitive)
Andēs (nominative plural)
Andium (genitive plural)
Andibus (dative plural)
Andēs (accusative plural)
Andīs (accusative plural)
Andibus (ablative plural)
Andēs (plural vocative)

From Spanish Andes, perhaps from Quechua andi (“high crest”)

(New Latin) Andes (a mountain range in South America).


Isis

Īsis f sg (genitive Īsis or Īsidis); third declension

Īsis (canonical feminine singular)
Īsis (genitive)
Īsidis (genitive)
Īsis (nominative singular)
Īsis (genitive singular)
Īsidis (genitive singular)
Īsī (dative singular)
Īsidī (dative singular)
Īsem (accusative singular)
Īsidem (accusative singular)
Īse (ablative singular)
Īside (ablative singular)
Īsis (singular vocative)

→ English: Isis (learned)

→ French: Isis f sg (learned)

→ Spanish: Isis f sg (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἶσῐς (Îsĭs), itself from Egyptian st-t:H8-B1 (ꜣst).


Tiberias

Tiberias f sg (genitive Tiberiadis); third declension

Tiberiadis (genitive)
Tiberias (nominative singular)
Tiberiadis (genitive singular)
Tiberiadī (dative singular)
Tiberiadem (accusative singular)
Tiberiade (ablative singular)
Tiberias (singular vocative)
Tiberiadī (locative singular)
Tiberiade (locative singular)

English: Tiberias

?French: Tibériade

→ Italian: Tiberiade

Ancient Greek Τιβεριάς (Tiberiás), ultimately named after Tiberius.


Guiana

Guiāna f sg (genitive Guiānae); first declension

Guiāna (canonical feminine singular)
Guiānae (genitive)
Guiāna (nominative singular)
Guiānae (genitive singular)
Guiānae (dative singular)
Guiānam (accusative singular)
Guiānā (ablative singular)
Guiāna (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Guyana (a country in South America)


Marta

Marta m sg (genitive Martae); first declension

Martae (genitive)
Marta (nominative singular)
Martae (genitive singular)
Martae (dative singular)
Martam (accusative singular)
Martā (ablative singular)
Marta (singular vocative)

A river in Latium, now still called this way


Titus

Titus m (genitive Titī); second declension

Titī (genitive)
Titus (nominative singular)
Titī (nominative plural)
Titī (genitive singular)
Titōrum (genitive plural)
Titō (dative singular)
Titīs (dative plural)
Titum (accusative singular)
Titōs (accusative plural)
Titō (ablative singular)
Titīs (ablative plural)
Tite (singular vocative)
Titī (plural vocative)

Catalan: Titus

English: Titus

Italian: Tito

Sicilian: Titu

Spanish: Tito

SENATVS
POPVLVSQVE·ROMANVS
DIVO·TITO·DIVI·VESPASIANI :
The Senate and the Roman people (dedicate this)
to the deified Titus Vespasian Augustus,


Lusitania

Lūsītānia f sg (genitive Lūsītāniae); first declension

Lūsītānia (canonical feminine singular)
Lūsītāniae (genitive)
Lūsītānia (nominative singular)
Lūsītāniae (genitive singular)
Lūsītāniae (dative singular)
Lūsītāniam (accusative singular)
Lūsītāniā (ablative singular)
Lūsītānia (singular vocative)
Lūsītāniae (locative singular)

English: Lusitania

Spanish: Lusitania

[ɫ̪uːs̠iːˈt̪äːniä]

From lūsītānus + -ia, named after the Lusitanians, a Indo-European tribe of the Iberian peninsula (from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia). The name's origin is uncertain but it is generally agreed that the tribe converged with a heavy Celtic (possibly Celtiberian) influence.

A province of Roman Hispania, covering what is now southern Portugal and parts of western Spain such as Extremadura.

(New Latin) Portugal (a country in Western Europe)


Cardia

Cardia f sg (genitive Cardiae); first declension

Cardiae (genitive)
Cardia (nominative singular)
Cardiae (genitive singular)
Cardiae (dative singular)
Cardiam (accusative singular)
Cardiā (ablative singular)
Cardia (singular vocative)
Cardiae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Καρδία (Kardía).

a town of Chersonesus in Thrace and birthplace of Eumenes


planum

la-noun

plānum n (genitive plānī); second declension

plānum (canonical neuter)
plānī (genitive)
plānum (nominative singular)
plāna (nominative plural)
plānī (genitive singular)
plānōrum (genitive plural)
plānō (dative singular)
plānīs (dative plural)
plānum (accusative singular)
plāna (accusative plural)
plānō (ablative singular)
plānīs (ablative plural)
plānum (singular vocative)
plāna (plural vocative)

Old French: plain

→ Dutch: plein

→ Middle English:

English: plain

Scots: plain

Italian: piano

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: chão
Galician: chan, chá, chao
Portuguese: chão (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: llano (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Basque: lau

→ English: plain, plane

→ Galician: plano

→ Portuguese: plano

→ Spanish: plano

[ˈpɫ̪äːnʊ̃ˑ]


Carina

la-proper noun

Carīna m sg (genitive Carīnae); first declension

Carīna (canonical masculine singular)
Carīnae (genitive)
Carīna (nominative singular)
Carīnae (genitive singular)
Carīnae (dative singular)
Carīnam (accusative singular)
Carīnā (ablative singular)
Carīna (singular vocative)
Carīnae (locative singular)


Canopus

Canōpus m sg (genitive Canōpī); second declension

Canōpus (canonical masculine singular)
Canōpī (genitive)
Canōpus (nominative singular)
Canōpī (genitive singular)
Canōpō (dative singular)
Canōpum (accusative singular)
Canōpō (ablative singular)
Canōpe (singular vocative)
Canōpī (locative singular)

→ English: Canopus (learned)

From Ancient Greek Κάνωπος (Kánōpos, “Canopus”), Κάνωβος (Kánōbos, “Canobus”). Possibly Arabic جَنُوب (janūb, “south”) is cognate; compare the southeastern wall of the Kaaba pointing to the star and bearing the name جَنُوب (janūb).

der

Canopus (an ancient coastal city in northern Egypt, known for extravagance)


acta

la-noun

ācta n pl (genitive āctōrum); second declension

ācta (canonical neuter plural)
āctōrum (genitive)
ācta (nominative plural)
āctōrum (genitive plural)
āctīs (dative plural)
ācta (accusative plural)
āctīs (ablative plural)
ācta (plural vocative)

Catalan: acta

English: act

Galician: acta

German: Akte

→ Indonesian: akta (learned)

→ Malay: akta (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: akt

Portuguese: ata

Spanish: acta

acts, transactions, or proceedings (e.g., of an organization, in an academic field, of an office holder).


piscina

piscīna f (genitive piscīnae); first declension

piscīna (canonical feminine)
piscīnae (genitive)
piscīna (nominative singular)
piscīnae (nominative plural)
piscīnae (genitive singular)
piscīnārum (genitive plural)
piscīnae (dative singular)
piscīnīs (dative plural)
piscīnam (accusative singular)
piscīnās (accusative plural)
piscīnā (ablative singular)
piscīnīs (ablative plural)
piscīna (singular vocative)
piscīnae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: piscina

→ English: piscina

→ French: piscine

→ English: piscine

desctree

→ Italian: piscina
→ Greek: πισίνα (pisína)

→ Portuguese: piscina
→ Hunsrik: Pisin

→ Romanian: piscină

Spanish: pecina, → piscina

Venetan: pissina

From piscis + -īna (literally “characterised by fish, fishy”).


Dora

la-proper noun

Dōra f sg (genitive Dōrae); first declension

Dōra (canonical feminine singular)
Dōrae (genitive)
Dōra (nominative singular)
Dōrae (genitive singular)
Dōrae (dative singular)
Dōram (accusative singular)
Dōrā (ablative singular)
Dōra (singular vocative)
Dōrae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Δῶρα (Dôra).

A town in Phoenicia situated near Mount Carmel


Australasia

Australasia f sg (genitive Australasiae); first declension

Australasiae (genitive)
Australasia (nominative singular)
Australasiae (genitive singular)
Australasiae (dative singular)
Australasiam (accusative singular)
Australasiā (ablative singular)
Australasia (singular vocative)

Translingual: Tenodera australasiae

[äu̯s̠t̪räˈɫ̪äːs̠iä]

[äu̯s̠t̪räˈɫ̪äs̠iä]

[äu̯st̪räˈläːs̬iä]

Likely borrowed from English Australasia, Portuguese Australásia f, or Spanish Australasia f, or directly from French Australasie f. By surface analysis, austrālis (“southern”) + Ā̆sia (“Asia”).


Babylonia

la-proper noun

Babylōnia f sg (genitive Babylōniae); first declension

Babylōnia (canonical feminine singular)
Babylōniae (genitive)
Babylōnia (nominative singular)
Babylōniae (genitive singular)
Babylōniae (dative singular)
Babylōniam (accusative singular)
Babylōniā (ablative singular)
Babylōnia (singular vocative)
Babylōniae (locative singular)

Catalan: Babilònia

→ English: Babylonia

Italian: Babilonia

[bäbʏˈɫ̪oːniä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βαβυλωνία (Babulōnía), derived from Βαβυλών (Babulṓn, “Babylon”).


Assyria

Assyria f sg (genitive Assyriae); first declension

Assyriae (genitive)
Assyria (nominative singular)
Assyriae (genitive singular)
Assyriae (dative singular)
Assyriam (accusative singular)
Assyriā (ablative singular)
Assyria (singular vocative)

→ Catalan: Assíria

→ Czech: Asýrie

→ Danish: Assyrien

→ Dutch: Assyrië

→ English: Assyria

Tok Pisin: Asiria

→ Hawaiian: ʻAkulia

→ Finnish: Assyria

→ French: Assyrie

→ German: Assyrien

→ Hungarian: Asszíria

→ Irish: Aisiria

→ Italian: Assiria

→ Japanese: アッシリア (Asshiria)

→ Polish: Asyria

→ Portuguese: Assíria

→ Russian: Ассирия (Assirija)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Асирија

Latin script: Asirija

→ Slovak: Asýria

→ Spanish: Asiria

→ Swahili: Assyrien

→ Ukrainian: Асси́рія (Assýrija)

[äs̠ˈs̠ʏriä]

From Ancient Greek Ἀσσυρία (Assuría), from Akkadian 𒀾𒋗𒊏𒅀 (Aššūrāyu), from 𒀸𒋩𒆠 (Aššūr, “Assur”), its original capital.

Assyria (ancient kingdom and subsequent Roman province)


fauces

la-noun

faucēs f pl (genitive faucium); third declension

faucēs (canonical feminine plural)
faucium (genitive)
faucēs (nominative plural)
faucium (genitive plural)
faucibus (dative plural)
faucēs (accusative plural)
faucīs (accusative plural)
faucibus (ablative plural)
faucēs (plural vocative)

→ English: fauces

→ Galician: fauces

→ Italian: fauci

→ Portuguese: fauces

→ Spanish: fauces

unk

unknown

(transferred sense)
a narrow entrance, entry passage

(transferred sense)
the jaws of the earth; a gulf, abyss


orbis

la-noun

orbis m (genitive orbis); third declension

orbis (genitive)
orbis (nominative singular)
orbēs (nominative plural)
orbis (genitive singular)
orbium (genitive plural)
orbī (dative singular)
orbibus (dative plural)
orbem (accusative singular)
orbēs (accusative plural)
orbīs (accusative plural)
orbe (ablative singular)
orbī (ablative singular)
orbibus (ablative plural)
orbis (singular vocative)
orbēs (plural vocative)

→ English: orb

French: orbe

Italian: orbe

Portuguese: orbe

Spanish: orbe

Of uncertain origin. May stem from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰis (“circle, orb”), from the root *h₃erbʰ- (“to turn”).

der

totus orbis terrarum

cuius consensui ne orbis quidem terrarum possit obsistere

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.29

the union of which not even the whole world could withstand

Ante mare et terrās et quod tegit omnia caelum
ūnus erat tōtō nātūrae vultus in orbe,
quem dīxēre chaos: […]

Before the sea and the lands and the sky that covers over all things,
there was one face of nature in the whole world,
which they called chaos: […]

the Earth, the world, the globe [often written as orbis terrarum]


Mycenae

la-proper noun

Mycēnae f pl (genitive Mycēnārum); first declension

Mycēnae (canonical feminine plural)
Mycēnārum (genitive)
Mycēnae (nominative plural)
Mycēnārum (genitive plural)
Mycēnīs (dative plural)
Mycēnās (accusative plural)
Mycēnīs (ablative plural)
Mycēnae (plural vocative)
Mycēnīs (locative plural)

Italian: Micene

English: Mycenae

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μυκῆναι (Mukênai).

A city of Argolis and dwelling of the mythical king Agamemnon


vallis

la-noun

vallis f (genitive vallis); third declension

vallis (genitive)
vallis (nominative singular)
vallēs (nominative plural)
vallis (genitive singular)
vallium (genitive plural)
vallī (dative singular)
vallibus (dative plural)
vallem (accusative singular)
vallēs (accusative plural)
vallīs (accusative plural)
valle (ablative singular)
vallibus (ablative plural)
vallis (singular vocative)
vallēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: val

Aromanian: vali, vale

Old French: val, vaul, valee, valey (Anglo-Norman)

French: val, vallée, vallon

→ English: vale, valley

Friulian: val f

Ladin: val

Megleno-Romanian: vali

Norman: valée

desc

Occitan: val, vath (Gascony), vau (Provençal)

Old Galician-Portuguese: vale m

Galician: val m

Portuguese: vale m

Picard: vau

Romanian: vale f

Romansch: val f

Sardinian: badde, vadhe, vadde

Sicilian: vaḍḍi

Venetan: vałe, val

Borrowings:

→ Asturian: valle m

→ Basque: bailara

→ Catalan: vall f

→ Extremaduran: valli

→ Italian: valle f

→ Leonese: valle m

→ Ligurian: valle

→ Spanish: valle m

[ˈu̯älːʲɪs̠]

Uncertain, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”), same source as Latin vāllum (“rampart”), North Frisian wal (“wall”), Dutch wal (“wall, rampart, embankment”), German Wall (“rampart, mound, embankment”), Swedish vall (“mound, wall, bank”).

cog

Cur valle permutem Sabina divitias operosiores? (Hor, Odes 3, I)

'Why should I change my Sabine valley, for the heavier burden of excess wealth? ' A. S. Kline


Gallus

la-proper noun

Gallus m sg (genitive Gallī); second declension

Gallī (genitive)
Gallus (nominative singular)
Gallī (genitive singular)
Gallō (dative singular)
Gallum (accusative singular)
Gallō (ablative singular)
Galle (singular vocative)

See lowercase gallus and uppercase Gallus, alternative forms for Gaul (person).

A Roman cognomen, as in the name Gaius Cornelius Gallus, the first Roman governor of Egypt.


Gallus

la-adj

Gallus (feminine Galla, neuter Gallum); first/second-declension adjective

Galla (feminine)
Gallum (neuter)
Gallus (masculine nominative singular)
Galla (feminine nominative singular)
Gallum (neuter nominative singular)
Gallī (masculine nominative singular)
Gallae (feminine nominative plural)
Galla (neuter nominative plural)
Gallī (genitive masculine singular)
Gallae (feminine genitive singular)
Gallī (genitive neuter singular)
Gallōrum (genitive masculine singular)
Gallārum (feminine genitive plural)
Gallōrum (genitive neuter plural)
Gallō (dative masculine singular)
Gallae (dative feminine singular)
Gallō (dative neuter singular)
Gallīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
Gallum (accusative masculine singular)
Gallam (accusative feminine singular)
Gallum (accusative neuter singular)
Gallōs (accusative masculine singular)
Gallās (accusative feminine plural)
Galla (accusative neuter plural)
Gallō (ablative masculine singular)
Gallā (ablative feminine singular)
Gallō (ablative neuter singular)
Gallīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
Galle (masculine singular vocative)
Galla (feminine singular vocative)
Gallum (neuter singular vocative)
Gallī (masculine singular vocative)
Gallae (feminine plural vocative)
Galla (neuter plural vocative)

Alternative letter-case form of gallus (“Gallic; Galatian”)


Pharus

la-proper noun

Pharus f sg (genitive Pharī); second declension

Pharī (genitive)
Pharus (nominative singular)
Pharī (genitive singular)
Pharō (dative singular)
Pharum (accusative singular)
Pharō (ablative singular)
Phare (singular vocative)

Pharos, the small island off Alexandria where the famous lighthouse was located.


ripa

la-noun

rīpa f (genitive rīpae); first declension

rīpa (canonical feminine)
rīpae (genitive)
rīpa (nominative singular)
rīpae (nominative plural)
rīpae (genitive singular)
rīpārum (genitive plural)
rīpae (dative singular)
rīpīs (dative plural)
rīpam (accusative singular)
rīpās (accusative plural)
rīpā (ablative singular)
rīpīs (ablative plural)
rīpa (singular vocative)
rīpae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: arãpã

Asturian: riba

Catalan: riba

Dalmatian: raipa

Franco-Provençal: riva

French: rive

Friulian: rive

Galician: riba

Istriot: reîva

Italian: ripa, riva

Megleno-Romanian: rǫpă

Occitan: riba

Portuguese: riba

Romanian: râpă

Sicilian: riva

Spanish: riba, arriba

Venetan: riva, rapa

From Proto-Italic *reipā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁réyp-eh₂ (“steep slope”), from *h₁reyp- (“to tear, tear down”).


iugum

la-noun

iugum n (genitive iugī); second declension

iugī (genitive)
iugum (nominative singular)
iuga (nominative plural)
iugī (genitive singular)
iugōrum (genitive plural)
iugō (dative singular)
iugīs (dative plural)
iugum (accusative singular)
iuga (accusative plural)
iugō (ablative singular)
iugīs (ablative plural)
iugum (singular vocative)
iuga (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: giug

Romanian: jug

Dalmatian:

zaug

Italo-Romance:

Italian: giogo

→ Sicilian: giugu

Neapolitan: jugo

Sicilian: jugu, juvu

North Italian:

Emilian: zu, zof, zov

Friulian: jôf, jôv

Ligurian: zôvo

Lombard: zof, xof, giov

Piedmontese: giou, gio, xof, xovo

Romagnol: zof, zov, zouf

Romansch: giuf

desc

Venetan: dóvo, dógo, dóo, zóo, dhovo, dóf

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: jog

Old French: jug, jou, jof

French: joug

Walloon: djeu

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: chuvo

Catalan: jou, jeu, jova

Occitan: jo, joc

Gascon: jun

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: yugo

Asturian: xugu

Galician: xugo

Portuguese: jugo

Spanish: yugo

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: giú, giubu, giuu, giuvu, yuu

Borrowings:

→ English: jugum

Esperanto: jugo

Tashelhit: tayuga

From Proto-Italic *jugom, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”) + *-óm. Cognate with Sanskrit युग (yuga), Ancient Greek ζῠγόν (zŭgón), and Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌺 (juk). Equivalent to a substantivization of the adjective iugus (“belonging together”).

(transferred sense)
in Kent, a yoke of land, quarter sulung


Eridanus

la-proper noun

Ēridanus m sg (genitive Ēridanī); second declension

Ēridanus (canonical masculine singular)
Ēridanī (genitive)
Ēridanus (nominative singular)
Ēridanī (genitive singular)
Ēridanō (dative singular)
Ēridanum (accusative singular)
Ēridanō (ablative singular)
Ēridane (singular vocative)
Ēridanī (locative singular)

?Dutch: Eridanus

English: Eridanus

?Finnish: Eridanus

?French: Éridan

?Galician: Eridano

?German: Eridanus

Italian: Eridano

?Japanese: エリダヌス座 (Eridanusu-za)

?Polish: Erydan

?Russian: Эридан (Eridan)

?Spanish: Eridanus

?Turkish: Eridanus

[eːˈrɪd̪änʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἠρῐδᾰνός (Ērĭdănós).

(Greek mythology and poetry) Synonym of Padus (“the River Po”)


Asmara

Āsmara f sg (genitive Āsmarae); first declension

Āsmara (canonical feminine singular)
Āsmarae (genitive)
Āsmara (nominative singular)
Āsmarae (genitive singular)
Āsmarae (dative singular)
Āsmaram (accusative singular)
Āsmarā (ablative singular)
Āsmara (singular vocative)
Āsmarae (locative singular)


Agatha

Agatha f sg (genitive Agathae); first declension

Agathae (genitive)
Agatha (nominative singular)
Agathae (genitive singular)
Agathae (dative singular)
Agatham (accusative singular)
Agathā (ablative singular)
Agatha (singular vocative)
Agathae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀγαθή (Agathḗ).

Gallia Narbonensis
Gallia Narbonensis#English


Ancyra

Ancȳra f sg (genitive Ancȳrae); first declension

Ancȳra (canonical feminine singular)
Ancȳrae (genitive)
Ancȳra (nominative singular)
Ancȳrae (genitive singular)
Ancȳrae (dative singular)
Ancȳram (accusative singular)
Ancȳrā (ablative singular)
Ancȳra (singular vocative)
Ancȳrae (locative singular)

English: Ancyra

French: Ancyre

[än̠ʲˈt͡ʃiːrä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄγκῡρα (Ánkūra).

(historical) Ancyra (the capital city of Galatia)


Augusta

Augusta f (genitive Augustae); first declension

Augustae (genitive)
Augusta (nominative singular)
Augustae (nominative plural)
Augustae (genitive singular)
Augustārum (genitive plural)
Augustae (dative singular)
Augustīs (dative plural)
Augustam (accusative singular)
Augustās (accusative plural)
Augustā (ablative singular)
Augustīs (ablative plural)
Augusta (singular vocative)
Augustae (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: Aoûta

Italian: Aosta, Augusta

Sicilian: Agusta

[äu̯ˈɡʊs̠t̪ä]

[äu̯ˈɡust̪ä]

Augusta Praetōria
Augusta Praetoria#Latin

Augusta Taurīnōrum
Augusta Taurinorum#Latin

Augusta Vindelicōrum
Augusta Vindelicorum#Latin

The name of several ancient towns, such as Augusta Praetōria (modern day Aosta), Augusta Taurīnōrum (modern day Turin) or Augusta Vindelicōrum (modern day Augsburg)


fossa

la-noun

fossa f (genitive fossae); first declension

fossae (genitive)
fossa (nominative singular)
fossae (nominative plural)
fossae (genitive singular)
fossārum (genitive plural)
fossae (dative singular)
fossīs (dative plural)
fossam (accusative singular)
fossās (accusative plural)
fossā (ablative singular)
fossīs (ablative plural)
fossa (singular vocative)
fossae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: fushë

Asturian: fuexa, → fosa

→ Byzantine Greek: φόσσα (phóssa)

desc

ܦܲܐܣܵܐ (passā)

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܲܣܵܐ, ܦܲܐܣܵܐ (passā)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: փոս (pʻos)
Armenian: փոս (pʻos)
→ Georgian: ფოსო (poso)

→ Catalan: fossa

→ English: fossa, fosse

→ French: fosse, fossé

Friulian: fuesse

Galician: focha, → fosa

Italian: fossa, fosso

→ Occitan: fòssa

→ Portuguese: fossa

Romanian: foasă, → fosă

→ Romansch: fossa

→ Sicilian: fossa, fossu

Spanish: huesa, → fosa

Venetan: fosa

→ Proto-Brythonic: *fos

Cornish: fos

Welsh: ffos

Ellipsis of fossa terra (“dug-up earth”).


Scotia

la-proper noun

Scōtia f sg (genitive Scōtiae); first declension

Scōtia (canonical feminine singular)
Scōtiae (genitive)
Scōtia (nominative singular)
Scōtiae (genitive singular)
Scōtiae (dative singular)
Scōtiam (accusative singular)
Scōtiā (ablative singular)
Scōtia (singular vocative)

Albanian: Skocia

Catalan: Escòcia

desctree

Old French: Escoce, Escouce
Middle French: Escosse
French: Écosse

Galician: Escocia

Italian: Scozia

Norman: Êcosse

Old Galician-Portuguese: Escoça

Portuguese: Escócia

Romanian: Scoția

Sicilian: Scozzia

Spanish: Escocia

[ˈskɔt̪ː͡s̪iä]


Doris

la-proper noun

Dōris f sg (genitive Dōridis); third declension

Dōris (canonical feminine singular)
Dōridis (genitive)
Dōris (nominative singular)
Dōridis (genitive singular)
Dōridī (dative singular)
Dōridem (accusative singular)
Dōride (ablative singular)
Dōris (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Δωρίς (Dōrís).

Doris (an ancient region in Asia Minor, modern Turkey, inhabited by the ancient Dorians)

Doris (an ancient mountainous region in Greece, the traditional homeland of the Dorians)


Samosata

Samosata n pl (genitive Samosatōrum); second declension

Samosatōrum (genitive)
Samosata (nominative plural)
Samosatōrum (genitive plural)
Samosatīs (dative plural)
Samosata (accusative plural)
Samosatīs (ablative plural)
Samosata (plural vocative)
Samosatīs (locative plural)

[s̠äˈmɔs̠ät̪ä]

[säˈmɔːs̬ät̪ä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Σαμόσατα (Samósata).

An ancient city in southeast Anatolia, in modern Turkey, located near the banks of the Euphrates; modern Samsat.


Bononia

Bonōnia f sg (genitive Bonōniae); first declension

Bonōnia (canonical feminine singular)
Bonōniae (genitive)
Bonōnia (nominative singular)
Bonōniae (genitive singular)
Bonōniae (dative singular)
Bonōniam (accusative singular)
Bonōniā (ablative singular)
Bonōnia (singular vocative)
Bonōniae (locative singular)

Emilian: Bulåggna

Old French: Boloigne, Bouloigne

French: Bologne, Boulogne

Picard: Boulonne

desctree

→ Middle English: Boloyne, Boleyne, Boloigne
English: Boulogne (pronunciation remodelled after modern French); Boleyn
→ Middle Welsh: Bwlwyn

Italian: Bologna

Sicilian: Bulogna

→⇒ English: bononian

→? Polish: Bolonia

→ Spanish: Bolonia

From the Celtic word for “settlement”; compare Gaulish *bona (“foundation, fortress”) << Proto-Celtic *bonus (“foundation”) and Boii, the Latin name of the Gaulish people who occupied the region c. 4th century BC.


Kenia

la-proper noun

Kenia f sg (genitive Keniae); first declension

Keniae (genitive)
Kenia (nominative singular)
Keniae (genitive singular)
Keniae (dative singular)
Keniam (accusative singular)
Keniā (ablative singular)
Kenia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Kenya (a country in East Africa)


Cyrus

Cȳrus m sg (genitive Cȳrī); second declension

Cȳrus (canonical masculine singular)
Cȳrī (genitive)
Cȳrus (nominative singular)
Cȳrī (genitive singular)
Cȳrō (dative singular)
Cȳrum (accusative singular)
Cȳrō (ablative singular)
Cȳre (singular vocative)


Olympus

Olympus m sg (genitive Olympī); second declension

[ɔˈlʲʏmpʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὄλυμπος (Ólumpos, “Olympus”).

der

Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece, thought of as the home of the gods in Ancient Greek mythology.

One of various other mountains of the same name


Olympus

la-proper noun

Olympus f sg (genitive Olympī); second declension

Olympī (genitive)
Olympus (nominative singular)
Olympī (genitive singular)
Olympō (dative singular)
Olympum (accusative singular)
Olympō (ablative singular)
Olympe (singular vocative)

Asturian: Olimpu

Catalan: Olimp

French: Olympe

Italian: Olimpo

Portuguese: Olimpo

Romanian: Olimp

Sicilian: Alimpu, Ulimpu

Spanish: Olimpo

[ɔˈlʲʏmpʊs̠]

A city name taken from the name of a neighboring mountain


Vesuvius

Vesuvius m sg (genitive Vesuviī or Vesuvī); second declension

Vesuviī (genitive)
Vesuvī (genitive)
Vesuvius (nominative singular)
Vesuviī (genitive singular)
Vesuvī (genitive singular)
Vesuviō (dative singular)
Vesuvium (accusative singular)
Vesuviō (ablative singular)
Vesuvī (singular vocative)

→ English: Vesuvius

→ Italian: Vesuvio

→ Portuguese: Vesúvio

→ Polish: Wezuwiusz

→ Russian: Везу́вий (Vezúvij)

→ Armenian: Վեզուվ (Vezuv)

→ Romanian: Vezuviu

→ Sicilian: Visuvi

→ Spanish: Vesubio

[u̯ɛˈs̠uː̯iʊs̠]

Of uncertain origin; however, proposed derivations include:
* Latin vē- + Ancient Greek σβέ(ννῡμῐ) (sbé(nnūmĭ), “to be quenched; to go out”)
* Oscan 𐌚𐌄𐌔𐌚 (fesf, “steam; smoke”)
* Proto-Celtic *ves (“mountain”)


Himalaja

la-proper noun

Himalaja ? sg (genitive Himalajae); first declension

Himalajae (genitive)
Himalaja (nominative singular)
Himalajae (genitive singular)
Himalajae (dative singular)
Himalajam (accusative singular)
Himalajā (ablative singular)
Himalaja (singular vocative)


Corea

Corēa f sg (genitive Corēae); first declension

Corēa (canonical feminine singular)
Corēae (genitive)
Corēa (nominative singular)
Corēae (genitive singular)
Corēae (dative singular)
Corēam (accusative singular)
Corēā (ablative singular)
Corēa (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Korea (two countries of East Asia, North Korea and South Korea; the peninsula containing these two countries)


Novum Eboracum

Novum Eborācum n sg (genitive Novī Eborācī); second declension

Novum Eborācum (canonical neuter singular)
Novī Eborācī (genitive)
Novum Eborācum (nominative singular)
Novī Eborācī (genitive singular)
Novō Eborācō (dative singular)
Novum Eborācum (accusative singular)
Novō Eborācō (ablative singular)
Novum Eborācum (singular vocative)
Novī Eborācī (locative singular)

[ˈnou̯ʊ̃ˑ ɛbɔˈräːkʊ̃ˑ]

Calque of English New York, from novum (“new”) + Eborācum (“York”).


Memphis

Memphis f sg (genitive Memphidos or Memphis); third declension

Memphidos (genitive)
Memphis (genitive)
Memphis (nominative singular)
Memphidos (genitive singular)
Memphis (genitive singular)
Memphidī (dative singular)
Memphī (dative singular)
Memphida (accusative singular)
Memphim (accusative singular)
Memphin (accusative singular)
Memphide (ablative singular)
Memphe (ablative singular)
Memphis (singular vocative)
Memphi (singular vocative)
Memphidī (locative singular)
Memphide (locative singular)
Memphī (locative singular)
Memphe (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Μέμφις (Mémphis), from Egyptian mn-nfr.


Dania

Dānia f sg (genitive Dāniae); first declension

Dānia (canonical feminine singular)
Dāniae (genitive)
Dānia (nominative singular)
Dāniae (genitive singular)
Dāniae (dative singular)
Dāniam (accusative singular)
Dāniā (ablative singular)
Dānia (singular vocative)

→ Greek: Δανία (Danía)

→ Hungarian: Dánia

→ Polish: Dania


Hispaniola

Hispaniōla f sg (genitive Hispaniōlae); first declension

Hispaniōla (canonical feminine singular)
Hispaniōlae (genitive)
Hispaniōla (nominative singular)
Hispaniōlae (genitive singular)
Hispaniōlae (dative singular)
Hispaniōlam (accusative singular)
Hispaniōlā (ablative singular)
Hispaniōla (singular vocative)
Hispaniōlae (locative singular)


Albanus

Albānus m sg (genitive Albānī); second declension

Albānus (canonical masculine singular)
Albānī (genitive)
Albānus (nominative singular)
Albānī (genitive singular)
Albānō (dative singular)
Albānum (accusative singular)
Albānō (ablative singular)
Albāne (singular vocative)
Albānī (locative singular)

Galician: Albán

Portuguese: Alvão, Albão

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀλβᾰνός (Albănós)
Greek: Αλβανός (Alvanós, now means Albanian)

[äɫ̪ˈbäːnʊs̠]

Unknown. Suggested as derived from a Western European root *alb- found in various place names, perhaps also the source of Alpes, and/or from a Proto-Indo-European root *alb- (“mountain”) (see *h₂el- (“to rise, be tall”)), or from Proto-Celtic *albo-, *albiyū (“upper realm, world; mountain, Alps”) (whence also Albion). .
It is believed that they are related to the modern nation of the Albanians.
While it has been identified with the Zgërdhesh hill-fort near Krujë in northern Albania, scholars believe the Illyrian settlement was abandoned in the 2nd century BC, when the inhabitants moved to Durrës and Lezhë.
Possibly related to arbën from Proto-Albanian *arwā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rh₃ (“arable land, soil”); compare *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”)

der

A river in Albania, now probably the Samur River


Apia

la-proper noun

Apia f sg (genitive Apiae); first declension

Apiae (genitive)
Apia (nominative singular)
Apiae (genitive singular)
Apiae (dative singular)
Apiam (accusative singular)
Apiā (ablative singular)
Apia (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓πῐ́ᾱ (Ăpĭ́ā).

the ancient name of Peloponnesus, a peninsula and region of Greece


Sparta

Sparta f sg (genitive Spartae); first declension

Spartae (genitive)
Sparta (nominative singular)
Spartae (genitive singular)
Spartae (dative singular)
Spartam (accusative singular)
Spartā (ablative singular)
Sparta (singular vocative)
Spartae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Σπάρτη (Spártē).


Anastasius

Anastasius m sg (genitive Anastasiī or Anastasī); second declension

Anastasiī (genitive)
Anastasī (genitive)
Anastasius (nominative singular)
Anastasiī (genitive singular)
Anastasī (genitive singular)
Anastasiō (dative singular)
Anastasium (accusative singular)
Anastasiō (ablative singular)
Anastasī (singular vocative)

→ Italian: Anastasio

→ Sicilian: Anastasi

[änäs̠ˈt̪äs̠iʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek Ἀναστάσιος (Anastásios).

An East Roman Emperor, Anastasius I Dicorus


angustia

la-noun

angustia f (genitive angustiae); first declension

angustiae (genitive)
angustia (nominative singular)
angustiae (nominative plural)
angustiae (genitive singular)
angustiārum (genitive plural)
angustiae (dative singular)
angustiīs (dative plural)
angustiam (accusative singular)
angustiās (accusative plural)
angustiā (ablative singular)
angustiīs (ablative plural)
angustia (singular vocative)
angustiae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: angoscia

Padanian

Piedmontese: angóssia

Romansch: anguoscha

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: angoisse, anguisse, anguise
French: angoisse
→ Middle English: angwissh (see there for further descendants)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Occitan: angoissa (most dialects)

Gascon: angoisha, engüeish

Old Catalan: angoxa

Catalan: angoixa

→ Old Spanish: angoxa

Spanish: angoja

Borrowings:

→ Galician: angustia

→ Italian: angustia

→ Portuguese: angústia

→ Sicilian: angùstia

→ Spanish: angustia

[äŋˈɡʊs̠t̪iä]

[äŋˈɡust̪iä]

From angustus (“narrow, strait, constricted”) + -ia.

af

(in the plural, figurative) defile, straight, gorge

(in the plural) tribulations, trials, difficulties, necessities


Alces

la-proper noun

Alcēs m sg (genitive Alcis); third declension

Alcēs (canonical masculine singular)
Alcis (genitive)
Alcēs (nominative singular)
Alcis (genitive singular)
Alcī (dative singular)
Alcem (accusative singular)
Alce (ablative singular)
Alcēs (singular vocative)

[ˈäl̠ʲt͡ʃes]


Cappadocia

Cappadocia f sg (genitive Cappadociae); first declension

Cappadociae (genitive)
Cappadocia (nominative singular)
Cappadociae (genitive singular)
Cappadociae (dative singular)
Cappadociam (accusative singular)
Cappadociā (ablative singular)
Cappadocia (singular vocative)

[käpːäˈd̪ɔkiä]

[käpːäˈd̪ɔːt͡ʃiä]

From Ancient Greek Καππαδοκία (Kappadokía), from Old Persian 𐎣𐎫𐎱𐎬𐎢𐎣 (k-t-p-tu-u-k /katpatuka/).

der

Cappadocia (region in Asia Minor, first a country and then a Roman province)


Moldavia

la-proper noun

Moldavia f sg (genitive Moldaviae); first declension

Moldaviae (genitive)
Moldavia (nominative singular)
Moldaviae (genitive singular)
Moldaviae (dative singular)
Moldaviam (accusative singular)
Moldaviā (ablative singular)
Moldavia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Moldova (a country in Eastern Europe)


Creta

Crēta f sg (genitive Crētae); first declension

Crēta (canonical feminine singular)
Crētae (genitive)
Crēta (nominative singular)
Crētae (genitive singular)
Crētae (dative singular)
Crētam (accusative singular)
Crētā (ablative singular)
Crēta (singular vocative)
Crētae (locative singular)

Catalan: Creta

→ English: Crete

Italian: Creta

→ Welsh: Creta