Belgium

la-proper noun

Belgium n sg (genitive Belgiī or Belgī); second declension

Belgiī (genitive)
Belgī (genitive)
Belgium (nominative singular)
Belgiī (genitive singular)
Belgī (genitive singular)
Belgiō (dative singular)
Belgium (accusative singular)
Belgiō (ablative singular)
Belgium (singular vocative)

→ English: Belgium

→ Bengali: বেলজিয়াম (beljiẏam)

desc

→ Bishnupriya Manipuri: বেলজিয়াম (bēlajiẏām)

→ Burmese: ဘယ်လ်ဂျီယမ် (bhailgyiyam)

→ Dhivehi: ބެލްޖިއަމް (beljiam̊)

→ Dzongkha: བེལ་ཇིཡམ་ (bel jiym)

→ Ewe: Belgium

→ Gujarati: બેલ્જિયમ (beljiyam)

→ Hawaiian: Pelekiuma

→ Hindi: बेल्जियम (beljiyam)

→ Ilocano: Belgium

→ Kamba: Belgium

→ Kapampangan: Belgium

→ Luhya: Belgium

→ Malay: Belgium

→ Malayalam: ബെൽജിയം (beljiyaṁ)

→ Maori: Peratiamu

→ Marathi: बेल्जियम (beljiyam)

→ Meru: Belgium

→ Nauruan: Belgium

→ Nepali: बेल्जियम (beljiyam)

→ Sanskrit: बेल्जियम (beljiyama)

→ Tamil: பெல்ஜியம் (peljiyam)

→ Telugu: బెల్జియం (beljiyaṁ)

→ Thai: เบลเยียม (beel-yîiam)

→ Tok Pisin: Beljiam

→ Urdu: بلجئیم (beljiyam)

→ Yoruba: Belgium

→ Esperanto: Belgio

Friulian: Belgjo

→ Greek: Βέλγιο (Vélgio)

→ Hungarian: Belgium

→ Interlingua: Belgio

Italian: Belgio

Ligurian: Belgiò

→ Scots: Belgium

Sicilian: Belgiu

→ Silesian: Belgijo

Venetan: Belgio

[ˈbɛɫ.ɡi.ũː]

synonym of Belgica: Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Israel

la-proper noun

Isrāēl m sg (genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, variously declined, third declension

Isrāēl (canonical masculine singular)
variously declined (canonical)
Isrāēl (genitive)
Isrāēlis (genitive)
Isrāēl (nominative singular)
Isrāēl (genitive singular)
Isrāēlis (genitive singular)
Isrāēl (dative singular)
Isrāēlī (dative singular)
Isrāēl (accusative singular)
Isrāēlem (accusative singular)
Isrāēl (ablative singular)
Isrāēle (ablative singular)
Isrāēl (singular vocative)
Isrāhēl (alternative)
Isdrāhēl (alternative)
Istrāhēl (alternative)
Israël (alternative)

Asturian: Israel

Catalan: Israel

→ Old Dutch: israel

Middle Dutch: israel

desctree

Dutch: Israël
Afrikaans: Israel
→ Indonesian: Israel

→ English: Israel, Yisrael, Israhel
→ Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

French: Israël

→ German: Israel

→ Old Irish: Israhél, Israél
Irish: Iosrael
Manx: Israel
Scottish Gaelic: Iosrael

Norman: Israël

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Israel, Irael, Irrael, Isrrael, Jsrrael, Yrrael, Ysrael
Galician: Israel
Portuguese: Israel (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: Israel

Spanish: Israel

Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.

bor+

(New Latin) Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Estonia

la-proper noun

Estonia f sg (genitive Estoniae); first declension

Estoniae (genitive)
Estonia (nominative singular)
Estoniae (genitive singular)
Estoniae (dative singular)
Estoniam (accusative singular)
Estoniā (ablative singular)
Estonia (singular vocative)
Aestonia (alternative)
Esthonia (alternative)
Aesthonia (alternative)
Estlandia (alternative)
Estia (alternative)

Possibly derived from the tribal name Aestī described by the Roman historian Tacitus in his Germania (ca. 98 AD).

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Estonia (a country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea)


Libya

Libya f sg (genitive Libyae); first declension

Libyae (genitive)
Libya (nominative singular)
Libyae (genitive singular)
Libyae (dative singular)
Libyam (accusative singular)
Libyā (ablative singular)
Libya (singular vocative)
Libua (alternative)
Libyē (alternative)

→ English: Libya

Norman: Libye

(New Latin) Libya (a country in North Africa)


Austria

Austria f sg (genitive Austriae); first declension

Austriae (genitive)
Austria (nominative singular)
Austriae (genitive singular)
Austriae (dative singular)
Austriam (accusative singular)
Austriā (ablative singular)
Austria (singular vocative)

From auster (“south”) + -ia, a phono-semantic matching of Middle High German Ōsterrīche, from Old High German Ōstarrīhhi. The first element of the High German word is Proto-Germanic *austraz (“eastern”), cognate with Latin auster, but of different sense. The formation nevertheless makes sense because Austria is located in the south-east of the German-speaking lands.

phono-semantic matching

FRANCISCVS I · AVSTRIÆ IMPERATOR

(New Latin) Austria (a country in Central Europe)


Andorra

la-proper noun

Andorra f sg (genitive Andorrae); first declension

Andorrae (genitive)
Andorra (nominative singular)
Andorrae (genitive singular)
Andorrae (dative singular)
Andorram (accusative singular)
Andorrā (ablative singular)
Andorra (singular vocative)
Andorrae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Andorra (a microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France)


Albania

Albānia f sg (genitive Albāniae); first declension

Albānia (canonical feminine singular)
Albāniae (genitive)
Albānia (nominative singular)
Albāniae (genitive singular)
Albāniae (dative singular)
Albāniam (accusative singular)
Albāniā (ablative singular)
Albānia (singular vocative)

⇒ Russian: Алба́нія (Albánija) (Pre-reform orthography (1918)), Алба́ния (Albánija)

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía) (or Old Irish Albu, Albain, Alban for the "Scotland" sense).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Albania (a country in Southeast Europe)


Armenia

Armenia f sg (genitive Armeniae); first declension

Armeniae (genitive)
Armenia (nominative singular)
Armeniae (genitive singular)
Armeniae (dative singular)
Armeniam (accusative singular)
Armeniā (ablative singular)
Armenia (singular vocative)
Armeniae (locative singular)

→ English: Armenia

French: Arménie

Italian: Armenia

Portuguese: Arménia, Armênia (Brazil)

Spanish: Armenia

Armenia Maior

Armenia Minor

Non semper imbres nubibus hispidos
manant in agros aut mare Caspium
vexant inaequales procellae
usque nec Armeniis in oris,
amice Valgi, stat glacies iners
mensis per omnis…
The rain, it rains not every day

Not always feels the unequal sway
Of storms, nor on Armenia’s plain,
Dear Valgius, lies the cold dull snow
Through all the year…

Armenia autem Maior incipit a Parihedris montibus, Euphrate amne, ut dictum est, aufertur Cappadociae et, qua discedit Euphrates, Mesopotamiae haut minus claro amne Tigri. utrumque fundit ipsa et initium Mesopotamiae facit inter duos amnes exiturae.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia VI.25

Greater Armenia, beginning at the mountains known as the Paryadres, is separated, as we have already stated, from Cappadocia by the river Euphrates, and, where that river turns off in its course, from Mesopotamia, by the no less famous river Tigris. Both of these rivers take their rise in Armenia, which also forms the commencement of Mesopotamia, a tract of country which lies between these streams.

5th century AD, Saint Jerome, Latin Vulgate, Genesis 8.4

The ark rested in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on Armenia’s mountains.

requievitque arca mense septimo vicesima septima die mensis super montes Armeniae

Armenia (an ancient Armenian kingdom in eastern Anatolia, in modern eastern Turkey and Armenia)

(New Latin) Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Argentina

Argentīna f sg (genitive Argentīnae); first declension

Argentīna (canonical feminine singular)
Argentīnae (genitive)
Argentīna (nominative singular)
Argentīnae (genitive singular)
Argentīnae (dative singular)
Argentīnam (accusative singular)
Argentīnā (ablative singular)
Argentīna (singular vocative)

Calque of Spanish Argentina, from argentum (“silver”) + -īna.

(New Latin) Argentina (a country in South America)


Bulgaria

Bulgaria f sg (genitive Bulgariae); first declension

Bulgariae (genitive)
Bulgaria (nominative singular)
Bulgariae (genitive singular)
Bulgariae (dative singular)
Bulgariam (accusative singular)
Bulgariā (ablative singular)
Bulgaria (singular vocative)

⇒ Georgian: ბულგარეთი (bulgareti)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Bolivia

Bolivia f sg (genitive Boliviae); first declension

Boliviae (genitive)
Bolivia (nominative singular)
Boliviae (genitive singular)
Boliviae (dative singular)
Boliviam (accusative singular)
Boliviā (ablative singular)
Bolivia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Bolivia (a country in South America)


Canada

Canada f sg (genitive Canadae); first declension

Canadae (genitive)
Canada (nominative singular)
Canadae (genitive singular)
Canadae (dative singular)
Canadam (accusative singular)
Canadā (ablative singular)
Canada (singular vocative)

From French Canada, from Laurentian kanata (“village, settlement”).


Cuba

la-proper noun

Cū̆ba f sg (genitive Cū̆bae); first declension

Cū̆ba (canonical feminine singular)
Cū̆bae (genitive)
Cū̆ba (nominative singular)
Cū̆bae (genitive singular)
Cū̆bae (dative singular)
Cū̆bam (accusative singular)
Cū̆bā (ablative singular)
Cū̆ba (singular vocative)
Cū̆bae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Cuba (a country, the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean)


Cyprus

Cyprus f sg (genitive Cyprī); second declension

Cyprī (genitive)
Cyprus (nominative singular)
Cyprī (genitive singular)
Cyprō (dative singular)
Cyprum (accusative singular)
Cyprō (ablative singular)
Cypre (singular vocative)
Cyprī (locative singular)

English: Cyprus

French: Chypre, Cypre (archaic)

Italian: Cipro

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


Gambia

Gambia f sg (genitive Gambiae); first declension

Gambiae (genitive)
Gambia (nominative singular)
Gambiae (genitive singular)
Gambiae (dative singular)
Gambiam (accusative singular)
Gambiā (ablative singular)
Gambia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Gambia (a country in West Africa)


Guatemala

Guātēmā̆la f sg (genitive Guātēmā̆lae); first declension

Guātēmā̆la (canonical feminine singular)
Guātēmā̆lae (genitive)
Guātēmā̆la (nominative singular)
Guātēmā̆lae (genitive singular)
Guātēmā̆lae (dative singular)
Guātēmā̆lam (accusative singular)
Guātēmā̆lā (ablative singular)
Guātēmā̆la (singular vocative)
Guatimala (alternative)
Guatimalia (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish Guatemala, from Classical Nahuatl Cuauhtēmallān.

(New Latin) Guatemala (a country in Central America)


Indonesia

Indonēsia f sg (genitive Indonēsiae); first declension

Indonēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Indonēsiae (genitive)
Indonēsia (nominative singular)
Indonēsiae (genitive singular)
Indonēsiae (dative singular)
Indonēsiam (accusative singular)
Indonēsiā (ablative singular)
Indonēsia (singular vocative)
Indonēsiae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


India

India f sg (genitive Indiae); first declension

Indiae (genitive)
India (nominative singular)
Indiae (genitive singular)
Indiae (dative singular)
Indiam (accusative singular)
Indiā (ablative singular)
India (singular vocative)

Sicilian: Ìnnia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “the Indus river”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”), of uncertain origin.

der

(New Latin) India (a country in South Asia)


Cambodia

la-proper noun

Cambodia f sg (genitive Cambodiae); first declension

Cambodiae (genitive)
Cambodia (nominative singular)
Cambodiae (genitive singular)
Cambodiae (dative singular)
Cambodiam (accusative singular)
Cambodiā (ablative singular)
Cambodia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Cambodia (a country in Southeast Asia)


Liberia

Līberia f sg (genitive Līberiae); first declension

Līberia (canonical feminine singular)
Līberiae (genitive)
Līberia (nominative singular)
Līberiae (genitive singular)
Līberiae (dative singular)
Līberiam (accusative singular)
Līberiā (ablative singular)
Līberia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Liberia (a country in West Africa)


Mongolia

Mongolia f sg (genitive Mongoliae); first declension

Mongoliae (genitive)
Mongolia (nominative singular)
Mongoliae (genitive singular)
Mongoliae (dative singular)
Mongoliam (accusative singular)
Mongoliā (ablative singular)
Mongolia (singular vocative)

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


Mauritania

Maurītānia f sg (genitive Maurītāniae); first declension

Maurītānia (canonical feminine singular)
Maurītāniae (genitive)
Maurītānia (nominative singular)
Maurītāniae (genitive singular)
Maurītāniae (dative singular)
Maurītāniam (accusative singular)
Maurītāniā (ablative singular)
Maurītānia (singular vocative)
Maurētānia (alternative)

→ English: Mauritania

From Maurītānus (“Mauritanian, [one] of the Moors”) + -ia (country name forming suffix). The first element is from Maurus (“Moor”), from Ancient Greek Μαῦρος (Maûros), the second from Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā).

affix

(New Latin) Mauritania (a country in West Africa)


Namibia

la-proper noun

Namibia f sg (genitive Namibiae); first declension

Namibiae (genitive)
Namibia (nominative singular)
Namibiae (genitive singular)
Namibiae (dative singular)
Namibiam (accusative singular)
Namibiā (ablative singular)
Namibia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Namibia (a country in Southern Africa)


Niger

Niger m sg (genitive Nigris); third declension

Nigris (genitive)
Niger (nominative singular)
Nigris (genitive singular)
Nigrī (dative singular)
Nigrim (accusative singular)
Nigre (ablative singular)
Niger (singular vocative)

Efficit autem hoc suo flexu, ut etiam ultra Athlantem Africa ad usque Nigrim fluuium excurrat, Plinio & Ptolemaeo.

1534, Joachim Vadianus, Epitome trium terrae partium Asiae, Africae et Europae compendiariam...:

Niger (a major river in West Africa that flows into the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria)


Nigeria

Nigēria f sg (genitive Nigēriae); first declension

Nigēria (canonical feminine singular)
Nigēriae (genitive)
Nigēria (nominative singular)
Nigēriae (genitive singular)
Nigēriae (dative singular)
Nigēriam (accusative singular)
Nigēriā (ablative singular)
Nigēria (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Nigeria (a country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger)


Nicaragua

Nicaragua f sg (genitive Nicaraguae); first declension

Nicaraguae (genitive)
Nicaragua (nominative singular)
Nicaraguae (genitive singular)
Nicaraguae (dative singular)
Nicaraguam (accusative singular)
Nicaraguā (ablative singular)
Nicaragua (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


Panama

Panama f sg (genitive Panamae); first declension

Panamae (genitive)
Panama (nominative singular)
Panamae (genitive singular)
Panamae (dative singular)
Panamam (accusative singular)
Panamā (ablative singular)
Panama (singular vocative)
Panamae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Panama (a country in Central America)


Romania

Rōmānia f sg (genitive Rōmāniae); first declension

Rōmānia (canonical feminine singular)
Rōmāniae (genitive)
Rōmānia (nominative singular)
Rōmāniae (genitive singular)
Rōmāniae (dative singular)
Rōmāniam (accusative singular)
Rōmāniā (ablative singular)
Rōmānia (singular vocative)

Italian: Romagna

Romagnol: Rumâgna

q

from a Vulgar Latin variant <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Rōmănia</i> with a short a in the second syllable

→ Proto-Brythonic: *rrʉβ̃ėn (from a Vulgar Latin variant Rōmănia with a short a in the second syllable)

Middle Welsh: Ruvein

Welsh: Rhufain

From Ancient Greek Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Rhōmānĭ́ā).

(New Latin) Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)


Slovenia

la-proper noun

Slovēnia f sg (genitive Slovēniae); first declension

Slovēnia (canonical feminine singular)
Slovēniae (genitive)
Slovēnia (nominative singular)
Slovēniae (genitive singular)
Slovēniae (dative singular)
Slovēniam (accusative singular)
Slovēniā (ablative singular)
Slovēnia (singular vocative)

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

(New Latin) Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Syria

Syria f sg (genitive Syriae); first declension

Syriae (genitive)
Syria (nominative singular)
Syriae (genitive singular)
Syriae (dative singular)
Syriam (accusative singular)
Syriā (ablative singular)
Syria (singular vocative)
Suria (alternative)
Siria (alternative)

Asturian: Siria

Catalan: Síria

French: Syrie

→ Irish: An tSiria

Italian: Siria

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Siria, Syria
Fala: Siria
Galician: Siria
Portuguese: Síria (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: Siria

Spanish: Siria

Borrowed from the Ancient Greek Σῠρῐ́ᾱ (Sŭrĭ́ā, “Syria”).

(New Latin) Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Tonga

la-proper noun

Tonga f sg (genitive Tongae); first declension

Tongae (genitive)
Tonga (nominative singular)
Tongae (genitive singular)
Tongae (dative singular)
Tongam (accusative singular)
Tongā (ablative singular)
Tonga (singular vocative)
Tongae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Tonga (a country and archipelago of Polynesia in Oceania)


Tanzania

Tanzania f sg (genitive Tanzaniae); first declension

Tanzaniae (genitive)
Tanzania (nominative singular)
Tanzaniae (genitive singular)
Tanzaniae (dative singular)
Tanzaniam (accusative singular)
Tanzaniā (ablative singular)
Tanzania (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Tanzania (a country in East Africa)


Uganda

Uganda f sg (genitive Ugandae); first declension

Ugandae (genitive)
Uganda (nominative singular)
Ugandae (genitive singular)
Ugandae (dative singular)
Ugandam (accusative singular)
Ugandā (ablative singular)
Uganda (singular vocative)

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).

der

(New Latin) Uganda (a country in East Africa)


Zambia

la-proper noun

Zambia f sg (genitive Zambiae); first declension

Zambiae (genitive)
Zambia (nominative singular)
Zambiae (genitive singular)
Zambiae (dative singular)
Zambiam (accusative singular)
Zambiā (ablative singular)
Zambia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Zambia (a country in Southern Africa)


Australia

Austrālia f sg (genitive Austrāliae); first declension

Austrālia (canonical feminine singular)
Austrāliae (genitive)
Austrālia (nominative singular)
Austrāliae (genitive singular)
Austrāliae (dative singular)
Austrāliam (accusative singular)
Austrāliā (ablative singular)
Austrālia (singular vocative)

From austrālis (“southern”) + a latinization of Ancient Greek -ία (-ía).

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)


Aruba

Arūba f sg (genitive Arūbae); first declension

Arūba (canonical feminine singular)
Arūbae (genitive)
Arūba (nominative singular)
Arūbae (genitive singular)
Arūbae (dative singular)
Arūbam (accusative singular)
Arūbā (ablative singular)
Arūba (singular vocative)
Arūbae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Aruba (an island, dependent territory, and constituent country of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea)


Burkina Faso

Burkīna Fasō f sg (genitive Burkīnae Fasōnis); variously declined, first declension, third declension

Burkīna Fasō (canonical feminine singular)
variously declined (canonical)
Burkīnae Fasōnis (genitive)
Burkīna Fasō (nominative singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnis (genitive singular)
Burkīnae Fasōnī (dative singular)
Burkīnam Fasōnem (accusative singular)
Burkīnā Fasōne (ablative singular)
Burkīna Fasō (singular vocative)
Burkīnae Fasōnī (locative singular)
Burkīnae Fasōne (locative singular)
Burcīna Faso (alternative)

(New Latin) Burkina Faso (a country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta)


Somalia

Sōmālia f sg (genitive Sōmāliae); first declension

Sōmālia (canonical feminine singular)
Sōmāliae (genitive)
Sōmālia (nominative singular)
Sōmāliae (genitive singular)
Sōmāliae (dative singular)
Sōmāliam (accusative singular)
Sōmāliā (ablative singular)
Sōmālia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Russia

Russia f sg (genitive Russiae); first declension

Russiae (genitive)
Russia (nominative singular)
Russiae (genitive singular)
Russiae (dative singular)
Russiam (accusative singular)
Russiā (ablative singular)
Russia (singular vocative)
Rossia (alternative)

11th-century Latinisation of Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ).

(New Latin) Russia (a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Croatia

Croātia f sg (genitive Croātiae); first declension

Croātia (canonical feminine singular)
Croātiae (genitive)
Croātia (nominative singular)
Croātiae (genitive singular)
Croātiae (dative singular)
Croātiam (accusative singular)
Croātiā (ablative singular)
Croātia (singular vocative)
Chroātia (alternative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χρωβατία (Khrōbatía).

bor+

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Dominica

la-proper noun

Dominica f (genitive Dominicae); first declension

Dominicae (genitive)
Dominica (nominative singular)
Dominicae (nominative plural)
Dominicae (genitive singular)
Dominicārum (genitive plural)
Dominicae (dative singular)
Dominicīs (dative plural)
Dominicam (accusative singular)
Dominicās (accusative plural)
Dominicā (ablative singular)
Dominicīs (ablative plural)
Dominica (singular vocative)
Dominicae (plural vocative)
Dominicae (locative singular)
Dominicīs (locative plural)

Ellipsis of diēs Dominica (“Lord’s Day, day of the Lord, Sunday”), used for the island of Dominica since it was sighted by Christopher Columbus on a Sunday.

ellipsis

(New Latin) Dominica (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Georgia

la-proper noun

Geōrgia f sg (genitive Geōrgiae); first declension

Geōrgia (canonical feminine singular)
Geōrgiae (genitive)
Geōrgia (nominative singular)
Geōrgiae (genitive singular)
Geōrgiae (dative singular)
Geōrgiam (accusative singular)
Geōrgiā (ablative singular)
Geōrgia (singular vocative)
Geōrgiae (locative singular)

→ English: Georgia (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle French: Georgie

French: Géorgie

→ Middle English: Georgie

English: Georgie (obsolete)

→ Italian: Georgia

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Georgia

→ Romanian: Georgia

→ Spanish: Georgia

A borrowing from Classical Persian گرج (gurj), from Middle Persian 𐭥𐭫𐭥𐭰𐭠𐭭 pl (Wiruz-ān, “Iberians, Georgians”), of unknown origin. The Latin form was influenced by (sānctus) Geōrgius (“Saint George”) due to the saint's popularity in the country.

der

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Georgia (a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

(New Latin) Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Guinea

la-proper noun

Guinea f sg (genitive Guineae); first declension

Guineae (genitive)
Guinea (nominative singular)
Guineae (genitive singular)
Guineae (dative singular)
Guineam (accusative singular)
Guineā (ablative singular)
Guinea (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Guinea (a country in West Africa)


Samoa

Sāmoa f sg (genitive Sāmoae); first declension

Sāmoa (canonical feminine singular)
Sāmoae (genitive)
Sāmoa (nominative singular)
Sāmoae (genitive singular)
Sāmoae (dative singular)
Sāmoam (accusative singular)
Sāmoā (ablative singular)
Sāmoa (singular vocative)
Sāmoae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Samoa (a country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


Bermuda

Bermūda f sg (genitive Bermūdae); first declension

Bermūda (canonical feminine singular)
Bermūdae (genitive)
Bermūda (nominative singular)
Bermūdae (genitive singular)
Bermūdae (dative singular)
Bermūdam (accusative singular)
Bermūdā (ablative singular)
Bermūda (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


Micronesia

Micronēsia f sg (genitive Micronēsiae); first declension

Micronēsia (canonical feminine singular)
Micronēsiae (genitive)
Micronēsia (nominative singular)
Micronēsiae (genitive singular)
Micronēsiae (dative singular)
Micronēsiam (accusative singular)
Micronēsiā (ablative singular)
Micronēsia (singular vocative)

Micronesia (a country consisting of about 2000 islands in the Micronesia region)


Macedonia

Macedonia f sg (genitive Macedoniae); first declension

Macedoniae (genitive)
Macedonia (nominative singular)
Macedoniae (genitive singular)
Macedoniae (dative singular)
Macedoniam (accusative singular)
Macedoniā (ablative singular)
Macedonia (singular vocative)
Macedoniae (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía, “Macedonia”), from μακεδονία (makedonía, “highland”), from μακεδνός (makednós, “high, tall”).

bor

Macedonia (a geographic region in Southeast Europe in the Balkans, including North Macedonia and parts of Greece, Bulgaria, Albania and Serbia)

(New Latin) Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia: a country in Southeast Europe in the Balkans)

administrative region
administrative region

Macedonia (a geographic region and former administrative region of Greece)

Bulgarian Macedonia
Bulgarian Macedonia#English

Macedonia (a geographic region in southwestern Bulgaria; in full, Pirin Macedonia or Bulgarian Macedonia)

(New Latin, historical) Macedonia (a former constituent republic of Yugoslavia)


Catalonia

la-proper noun

Catalonia f sg (genitive Cataloniae); first declension

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community in northeast Spain).


Abdera

Abdēra n or f (genitive Abdērōrum or Abderae); variously declined, second declension, first declension

Abdēra (canonical feminine neuter)
variously declined (canonical)
Abdērōrum (genitive)
Abderae (genitive)
Abdēra (nominative plural)
Abdērōrum (genitive plural)
Abdērae (genitive plural)
Abdērīs (dative plural)
Abdērae (dative plural)
Abdēra (accusative plural)
Abdēram (accusative plural)
Abdērīs (ablative plural)
Abdērā (ablative plural)
Abdēra (plural vocative)
Abdērīs (locative plural)
Abdērae (locative plural)
Abdērum (alternative)

la-ndecl

Second declension (neuter plural) or first declension (feminine singular) noun, with locative.

Abdera (an ancient city in Thrace, in modern Greece)

Abdera (a modern municipality of Xanthi regional unit, in the administrative region of Thrace, Greece)


Alberta

la-proper noun

Alberta f sg (genitive Albertae); first declension

Albertae (genitive)
Alberta (nominative singular)
Albertae (genitive singular)
Albertae (dative singular)
Albertam (accusative singular)
Albertā (ablative singular)
Alberta (singular vocative)
Albertae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Alberta (a province in western Canada)


Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan f sg (genitive Saskatchewanis); third declension

Saskatchewanis (genitive)
Saskatchewan (nominative singular)
Saskatchewanis (genitive singular)
Saskatchewanī (dative singular)
Saskatchewanem (accusative singular)
Saskatchewane (ablative singular)
Saskatchewan (singular vocative)
Saskatchewanī (locative singular)
Saskatchewane (locative singular)

Saskatchewan (a prairie province in western Canada)

Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan River (a major river in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada)

Saskatchewan River
Saskatchewan River#English


Ontario

Ontariō f sg (genitive Ontariōnis); third declension

Ontariō (canonical feminine singular)
Ontariōnis (genitive)
Ontariō (nominative singular)
Ontariōnis (genitive singular)
Ontariōnī (dative singular)
Ontariōnem (accusative singular)
Ontariōne (ablative singular)
Ontariō (singular vocative)
Ontariōnī (locative singular)
Ontariōne (locative singular)

(New Latin) Ontario (a province in eastern Canada)


Nova Scotia

Nova Scōtia f sg (genitive Novae Scōtiae); first declension

Nova Scōtia (canonical feminine singular)
Novae Scōtiae (genitive)
Nova Scōtia (nominative singular)
Novae Scōtiae (genitive singular)
Novae Scōtiae (dative singular)
Novam Scōtiam (accusative singular)
Novā Scōtiā (ablative singular)
Nova Scōtia (singular vocative)
Novae Scōtiae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Nova Scotia (a province in eastern Canada)


Brasilia

Brasīlia f sg (genitive Brasīliae); first declension

Brasīlia (canonical feminine singular)
Brasīliae (genitive)
Brasīlia (nominative singular)
Brasīliae (genitive singular)
Brasīliae (dative singular)
Brasīliam (accusative singular)
Brasīliā (ablative singular)
Brasīlia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Brazil (a large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Africa

Āfrica f sg (genitive Āfricae); first declension

Āfrica (canonical feminine singular)
Āfricae (genitive)
Āfrica (nominative singular)
Āfricae (genitive singular)
Āfricae (dative singular)
Āfricam (accusative singular)
Āfricā (ablative singular)
Āfrica (singular vocative)

→ Corsican: Africa

→ English: Africa

Tok Pisin: Afrika

→ Malay: Afrika

→ Italian: Africa

→ Old French: Affrique

French: Afrique

Norman: Afrique

→ Romanian: Africa

Feminine of āfricus/Āfricus, as a noun elliptic of terra āfrica/Āfrica (literally “the land of the Afri”). The adjective Āfricus comes from the name of the Āfrī (singular Āfer), a tribal people of the area near Carthage, by addition of the suffix -icus. The Latin term formed alongside Greek ἡ Ἀφρική (hē Aphrikḗ), both terms being attested since the first century.

Africa (a former province of the Roman Empire, containing what is now Tunisia and portions of coastal Algeria and Libya)


Asia

Ā̆sia f sg (genitive Ā̆siae); first declension

Ā̆sia (canonical feminine singular)
Ā̆siae (genitive)
Ā̆sia (nominative singular)
Ā̆siae (genitive singular)
Ā̆siae (dative singular)
Ā̆siam (accusative singular)
Ā̆siā (ablative singular)
Ā̆sia (singular vocative)

→ Middle English: Asia, Asie (also via Old French)

English: Asia

→ Old French: Asie

French: Asie

Asia (an ancient province of the Roman Empire in modern western Turkey, existing between 133 BC (during the Roman Republic) and the 7th century AD)


Czechia

Czechia f sg (genitive Czechiae); first declension

Czechiae (genitive)
Czechia (nominative singular)
Czechiae (genitive singular)
Czechiae (dative singular)
Czechiam (accusative singular)
Czechiā (ablative singular)
Czechia (singular vocative)
Czechiae (locative singular)
Cechia (alternative)

(New Latin) Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


California

California f sg (genitive Californiae); first declension

Californiae (genitive)
California (nominative singular)
Californiae (genitive singular)
Californiae (dative singular)
Californiam (accusative singular)
Californiā (ablative singular)
California (singular vocative)

New Latin, borrowed from Spanish California.

California regiō magna est.

(New Latin) California (the most populous state of the United States)


Boeotia

Boeōtia f sg (genitive Boeōtiae); first declension

Boeōtia (canonical feminine singular)
Boeōtiae (genitive)
Boeōtia (nominative singular)
Boeōtiae (genitive singular)
Boeōtiae (dative singular)
Boeōtiam (accusative singular)
Boeōtiā (ablative singular)
Boeōtia (singular vocative)
Bœōtia (alternative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βοιωτία (Boiōtía).

Boeotia (a historical region and modern regional unit of the administrative region of Central Greece, Greece, formerly renowned for the French proverbially equating the residents with philistinism)


Phocis

Phōcis f sg (genitive Phōcidis); third declension

Phōcis (canonical feminine singular)
Phōcidis (genitive)
Phōcis (nominative singular)
Phōcidis (genitive singular)
Phōcidī (dative singular)
Phōcidem (accusative singular)
Phōcide (ablative singular)
Phōcis (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φωκίς (Phōkís).


Florida

Flōrida f sg (genitive Flōridae); first declension

Flōrida (canonical feminine singular)
Flōridae (genitive)
Flōrida (nominative singular)
Flōridae (genitive singular)
Flōridae (dative singular)
Flōridam (accusative singular)
Flōridā (ablative singular)
Flōrida (singular vocative)
Flōridae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Florida (a state of the United States)


Philadelphia

Philadelphīa f sg (genitive Philadelphīae); first declension

Philadelphīa (canonical feminine singular)
Philadelphīae (genitive)
Philadelphīa (nominative singular)
Philadelphīae (genitive singular)
Philadelphīae (dative singular)
Philadelphīam (accusative singular)
Philadelphīā (ablative singular)
Philadelphīa (singular vocative)
Philadelphīae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φιλαδέλφεια (Philadélpheia).

bor

(historical) Philadelphia (ancient Greek city in the Decapolis in modern Jordan; modern Amman)

(historical) Philadelphia (ancient Greek city in Lydia in modern Turkey; modern Alaşehir)

(New Latin) Philadelphia (the largest city in Pennsylvania, United States)


Sardinia

la-proper noun

Sardinia f sg (genitive Sardiniae); first declension

Sardiniae (genitive)
Sardinia (nominative singular)
Sardiniae (genitive singular)
Sardiniae (dative singular)
Sardiniam (accusative singular)
Sardiniā (ablative singular)
Sardinia (singular vocative)
Sardiniae (locative singular)

Catalan: Sardenya

desctree

Italian: Sardegna, Sardigna (archaic; e.g. Dante)
→ French: Sardaigne
→ Sardinian: Sardigna

Spanish: Cerdeña

Portuguese: Sardenha

→ English: Sardinia

→ German: Sardinien

→ Greek: Σαρδηνία (Sardinía)

→ Polish: Sardynia

→ Romanian: Sardinia

→ Russian: Сарди́ния (Sardínija)

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Siberia

la-proper noun

Siberia f sg (genitive Siberiae); first declension

Siberiae (genitive)
Siberia (nominative singular)
Siberiae (genitive singular)
Siberiae (dative singular)
Siberiam (accusative singular)
Siberiā (ablative singular)
Siberia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Siberia (the region of Russia in Asia)


Verona

Vērōna f sg (genitive Vērōnae); first declension

Vērōna (canonical feminine singular)
Vērōnae (genitive)
Vērōna (nominative singular)
Vērōnae (genitive singular)
Vērōnae (dative singular)
Vērōnam (accusative singular)
Vērōnā (ablative singular)
Vērōna (singular vocative)
Vērōnae (locative singular)

From Cisalpine Gaulish *Wernomagos, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (“alder”) + *magos (“field”).

Alia subinde manus Cenomanorum Etitovio duce vestigia priorum secuta eodem saltu favente Belloveso cum transcendisset Alpes, ubi nunc Brixia ac Verona urbes sunt locos tenuere.
Presently another band, consisting of Cenomani led by Etitovius, followed in the tracks of the earlier emigrants; and having, with the approval of Bellovesus, crossed the Alps by the same pass, established themselves where the cities of Brixia and Verona are-now. ― translation from: Benjamin Oliver Foster, The History of Early Rome (1919), pages 119–121

27–25 BC, Titus Livius Patavinus, Ab Urbe Condita Libri, book V, chapter xxxv

Verona (a city in Transpadane Gaul in modern northern Italy, the birthplace of the poet Catullus and of Pliny the Elder)

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

(Medieval Latin) an independent city in modern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the Rhine River


Virginia

Virginia f sg (genitive Virginiae); first declension

Virginiae (genitive)
Virginia (nominative singular)
Virginiae (genitive singular)
Virginiae (dative singular)
Virginiam (accusative singular)
Virginiā (ablative singular)
Virginia (singular vocative)
Virginiae (locative singular)

From earlier Verginia, feminine form of Verginius, a Roman family name, possibly identical with Vergilius. Altered in spelling possibly by folk etymology association with virgō (“maiden, virgin”).

(New Latin) Virginia (a state of the United States)


Apulia

Āpūlia f sg (genitive Āpūliae); first declension

Āpūlia (canonical feminine singular)
Āpūliae (genitive)
Āpūlia (nominative singular)
Āpūliae (genitive singular)
Āpūliae (dative singular)
Āpūliam (accusative singular)
Āpūliā (ablative singular)
Āpūlia (singular vocative)
Appūlia (alternative)

Italian: Puglia

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“water”).

a former province in lower Italy, to the north of Calabria and east of Samnium, now Italian Puglia

(New Latin) Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


Calabria

Calabria f sg (genitive Calabriae); first declension

Calabriae (genitive)
Calabria (nominative singular)
Calabriae (genitive singular)
Calabriae (dative singular)
Calabriam (accusative singular)
Calabriā (ablative singular)
Calabria (singular vocative)
Calabriae (locative singular)

From the oblique stem calabr- of the ethnonym calaber, likely of Pre-Roman origin.

(historical) a region of Italy, roughly corresponding to today's Southern Apulia

(New Latin) Calabria (a peninsula and administrative region of southern Italy)


Campania

Campānia f sg (genitive Campāniae); first declension

Campānia (canonical feminine singular)
Campāniae (genitive)
Campānia (nominative singular)
Campāniae (genitive singular)
Campāniae (dative singular)
Campāniam (accusative singular)
Campāniā (ablative singular)
Campānia (singular vocative)
Campāniae (locative singular)

From campus (“open or flat space; plain”).

(New Latin) Campania (an administrative region of southern Italy)

(New Latin) Champagne (a cultural region and former province of France, the terroir of the wine champagne; now part of Grand Est region)


Latium

Latium n sg (genitive Latiī or Latī); second declension

Latiī (genitive)
Latī (genitive)
Latium (nominative singular)
Latiī (genitive singular)
Latī (genitive singular)
Latiō (dative singular)
Latium (accusative singular)
Latiō (ablative singular)
Latium (singular vocative)
Latiī (locative singular)

Asturian: Lacio

Catalan: Laci

Franco-Provençal: Lacion

Friulian: Lazi

Galician: Lacio

Italian: Lazio

Ligurian: Lassio

Lombard: Làsio

Neapolitan: Lazzio

Occitan: Laci

Piedmontese: Lassio

Portuguese: Lácio

Sardinian: Làtziu

Sicilian: Lazziu

Spanish: Lacio

Venetan: Łasio

Uncertain; probably a loanword from an ancient, non-Indo-European substrate language, possibly Etruscan or a related language, but it has also been linked to lātus (“wide”), a reference to the flat land of the region, or latus (“side”), being on the central-west side of the Italian peninsula.

(historical) Latium (a historical region of central Italy, in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire)


Caserta

Casērta f sg (genitive Casērtae); first declension

Casērta (canonical feminine singular)
Casērtae (genitive)
Casērta (nominative singular)
Casērtae (genitive singular)
Casērtae (dative singular)
Casērtam (accusative singular)
Casērtā (ablative singular)
Casērta (singular vocative)
Casērtae (locative singular)


Cremona

Cremōna f sg (genitive Cremōnae); first declension

Cremōna (canonical feminine singular)
Cremōnae (genitive)
Cremōna (nominative singular)
Cremōnae (genitive singular)
Cremōnae (dative singular)
Cremōnam (accusative singular)
Cremōnā (ablative singular)
Cremōna (singular vocative)
Cremōnae (locative singular)


Imperia

Imperia f sg (genitive Imperiae); first declension

Imperiae (genitive)
Imperia (nominative singular)
Imperiae (genitive singular)
Imperiae (dative singular)
Imperiam (accusative singular)
Imperiā (ablative singular)
Imperia (singular vocative)
Imperiae (locative singular)

Latinization of Italian Imperia, named after the Impero river crossing the city founded by joining Porto Maurizio and Oneglia in 1923.

(Contemporary Latin) Imperia (a town in Liguria, Italy)


Macerata

Mācerāta f sg (genitive Mācerātae); first declension

Mācerāta (canonical feminine singular)
Mācerātae (genitive)
Mācerāta (nominative singular)
Mācerātae (genitive singular)
Mācerātae (dative singular)
Mācerātam (accusative singular)
Mācerātā (ablative singular)
Mācerāta (singular vocative)
Mācerātae (locative singular)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Macerata (a town in Marche, Italy)


Ravenna

Ravenna f sg (genitive Ravennae); first declension

Ravennae (genitive)
Ravenna (nominative singular)
Ravennae (genitive singular)
Ravennae (dative singular)
Ravennam (accusative singular)
Ravennā (ablative singular)
Ravenna (singular vocative)
Ravennae (locative singular)

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥᾰ́βεννᾰ (Rhắbennă)

Italian: Ravenna

→ English: Ravenna

→ French: Ravenne


Vibo Valentia

Vibō Valentia f sg (genitive Vibōnis Valentiae); variously declined, third declension, first declension

Vibō Valentia (canonical feminine singular)
variously declined (canonical)
Vibōnis Valentiae (genitive)
Vibō Valentia (nominative singular)
Vibōnis Valentiae (genitive singular)
Vibōnī Valentiae (dative singular)
Vibōnem Valentiam (accusative singular)
Vibōne Valentiā (ablative singular)
Vibō Valentia (singular vocative)
Vibōnī Valentiae (locative singular)
Vibōne Valentiae (locative singular)
Vibō (alternative Classical-Latin)
Hippōnium (alternative Classical-Latin)
Valentia (alternative Classical-Latin)

Latinization of Italian Vibo Valentia, itself a Classicalizing compound of the Latin names Vibō and Valentia. The former name of the city, in Italian Monteleone, was Mons Leōnis

Ipsius verò Vibonis Valentiæ totus murorum ambitus, secundum Mazzella in historia Regni, & Capialbum de Monteleone, ad octo mill. pass. colligit, […]

1710, Giuseppe Bisogni de Gatti, Hipponii, seu Vibonis Valentiae, vel Montisleonis, page 58:

1878, Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, Sylloge inscriptionum Oscarum ad archetyporum et librorum fidem, page 106

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

nota in nummis Bruttiorum oppidi Vibonis Valentiae quod nunc Monteleone vocatur posita.

Inventa prope Vibonis Valentiae portum a. 1835, nunc cum aliis in meo museo adservatur CAP.

1890, Inscriptiones Graecae: Inscriptiones Italiae et Siciliae ..., page 156:

(Contemporary Latin) Vibo Valentia (a town in Calabria, Italy)


Epirus

Ēpīrus f sg (genitive Ēpīrī); second declension

Ēpīrus (canonical feminine singular)
Ēpīrī (genitive)
Ēpīrus (nominative singular)
Ēpīrī (genitive singular)
Ēpīrō (dative singular)
Ēpīrum (accusative singular)
Ēpīrō (ablative singular)
Ēpīre (singular vocative)
Ēpīros (alternative)

Epirus (a historical region and ancient kingdom in Southeast Europe, today split politically between northwestern Greece and southwestern Albania)


Laconia

Lacōnia f sg (genitive Lacōniae); first declension

Lacōnia (canonical feminine singular)
Lacōniae (genitive)
Lacōnia (nominative singular)
Lacōniae (genitive singular)
Lacōniae (dative singular)
Lacōniam (accusative singular)
Lacōniā (ablative singular)
Lacōnia (singular vocative)
Lăcōnĭca (alternative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λακωνία (Lakōnía). From the Ancient Greek expression "Λακωνική (Lakōnikḗ), sc. γῆ f (gê)" (the land of the Lacons), from Λάκων (Lákōn, “Laconian”).

Laconia (a historical region of Ancient Greece, which has had Sparta as its capital for over 3,000 years)

Laconia (a regional unit of Peloponnese, Greece)


Argolis

Argolis f sg (genitive Argolidis); third declension

Argolidis (genitive)
Argolis (nominative singular)
Argolidis (genitive singular)
Argolidī (dative singular)
Argolidem (accusative singular)
Argolide (ablative singular)
Argolis (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀργολίς (Argolís).


Ostia

Ōstia f sg (genitive Ōstiae); first declension

Ōstia (canonical feminine singular)
Ōstiae (genitive)
Ōstia (nominative singular)
Ōstiae (genitive singular)
Ōstiae (dative singular)
Ōstiam (accusative singular)
Ōstiā (ablative singular)
Ōstia (singular vocative)
Ōstiae (locative singular)

English: Ostia

Cebuano: Ostia

Italian: Ostia

(historical) Ostia; a town and port in Italia, Roman Empire


Edessa

Edessa f sg (genitive Edessae); first declension

Edessae (genitive)
Edessa (nominative singular)
Edessae (genitive singular)
Edessae (dative singular)
Edessam (accusative singular)
Edessā (ablative singular)
Edessa (singular vocative)
Edessae (locative singular)

Catalan: Edessa

English: Edessa


Formosa

Formosa f sg (genitive Formosae); first declension

Formosae (genitive)
Fōrmōsa (nominative singular)
Fōrmōsae (genitive singular)
Fōrmōsae (dative singular)
Fōrmōsam (accusative singular)
Fōrmōsā (ablative singular)
Fōrmōsa (singular vocative)
Fōrmōsae (locative singular)

From Portuguese Ilha Formosa (“Beautiful Island”). Equivalent to a clipping of Isla Formosa.

bor

(New Latin) synonym of Taivania, Taiwan (a partly-recognized country in East Asia consisting of a main island and 167 smaller islands)


Montana

la-proper noun

Montāna f sg (genitive Montānae); first declension

Montāna (canonical feminine singular)
Montānae (genitive)
Montāna (nominative singular)
Montānae (genitive singular)
Montānae (dative singular)
Montānam (accusative singular)
Montānā (ablative singular)
Montāna (singular vocative)
Montānae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Montana (a state in the Mountain West region of the United States, formerly a territory)


Chios

Chios f sg (genitive Chiī); second declension

Chiī (genitive)
Chios (nominative singular)
Chiī (genitive singular)
Chiō (dative singular)
Chion (accusative singular)
Chiō (ablative singular)
Chie (singular vocative)
Chiī (locative singular)
Chius (alternative)

English: Chios

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χῐ́ος (Khĭ́os).

Chios (an island in the eastern Aegean Sea in Greece)


Delphi

Delphī m pl (genitive Delphōrum); second declension

Delphī (canonical masculine plural)
Delphōrum (genitive)
Delphī (nominative plural)
Delphōrum (genitive plural)
Delphīs (dative plural)
Delphōs (accusative plural)
Delphīs (ablative plural)
Delphī (plural vocative)
Delphīs (locative plural)

Italian: Delfi

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Δελφοί (Delphoí, “Delphi”).


Lamia

la-proper noun

Lamia f sg (genitive Lamiae); first declension

Lamiae (genitive)
Lamia (nominative singular)
Lamiae (genitive singular)
Lamiae (dative singular)
Lamiam (accusative singular)
Lamiā (ablative singular)
Lamia (singular vocative)
Lamiae (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Λαμία (Lamía).

a city of Phthiotis, Greece, situated on a plain


Salonica

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek Σαλονίκη (Saloníkē).

bor+

Central Macedonia
Central Macedonia#English

synonym of Thessalonica: Thessaloniki (a port city, the capital of Central Macedonia, in northern Greece)


urbs

la-noun

urbs f (genitive urbis); third declension

urbis (genitive)
urbs (nominative singular)
urbēs (nominative plural)
urbīs (nominative plural)
urbis (genitive singular)
urbium (genitive plural)
urbī (dative singular)
urbibus (dative plural)
urbem (accusative singular)
urbīs (accusative plural)
urbēs (accusative plural)
urbe (ablative singular)
urbibus (ablative plural)
urbs (singular vocative)
urbēs (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Old Lombard: orba (“Rome”)

Borrowed:

→ Esperanto: urbo

→ Ido: urbo

→ Italian: urbe, Urbe

→ Portuguese: urbe

→ Romanian: urbe

→ Spanish: urbe

Uncertain.
* From Proto-Italic *worβis, from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ- (“to enclose”) (compare Umbrian 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄 (uerfale, “area for taking auspices”), Hittite [script needed] (warpa-, “enclosure”), Tocharian A warpi (“garden”), Tocharian B werwiye (“garden”)).
* Derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos (“city”) (from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”), whence e.g. Hittite [script needed] (gurtas, “citadel”) Sanskrit गृह (gṛhá, “house”), English yard) has been proposed, but suffers from irregularities; *horbus would be rather expected.

cog

Ab urbe conditā.

Urbī et orbī.

Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit.

c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.7

When it was reported to Caesar that they were attempting to march through our province he hastened to set out from the City, and, by as great marches as he could, proceeded to Further Gaul, and arrived at Geneva.


Venetia

la-proper noun

Venetia f sg (genitive Venetiae); first declension

Venetiae (genitive)
Venetia (nominative singular)
Venetiae (genitive singular)
Venetiae (dative singular)
Venetiam (accusative singular)
Venetiā (ablative singular)
Venetia (singular vocative)
Venetiae (locative singular)
Venetiae (alternative)

Gallo-Italic

Emilian: Venêzia

Ligurian: Venessia

Lombard: Venèzia

Piedmontese: Venessia

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: Venezia

Italian: Venezia

Greek: Βενέτσια (Venétsia)

Neapolitan: Venezia

Sicilian: Vinezzia

Old French: Venise

Middle French: Venisse

French: Venise
→ Vietnamese: Vơ-ni-dơ

Norman: V'nise, Venise

Picard: Venise

desctree

→ Middle English: Venyse, Venys, Venyce, Venice, Venise, Venecia
English: Venice (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Venis, Venise, Veneis, Venice

Old Occitan:

Catalan: Venècia

Occitan: Venècia

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: Vignesie

Ladin: Unieja

Romansch: Vaniescha, Venezia

Sardinian: Venetzia

desc

Venetan: Venesia, Venèsia, Venexia, Venèxia, Venèzsia, Venezsia

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: Venecia

Portuguese: Veneza

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Venecia

→ Greek: Βενετία (Venetía)

→ Irish: Veinéis

→ Romanian: Veneția

→ Russian: Венеция (Venecija) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Slovene: Benetke
→ Czech: Benátky
→ Slovak: Benátky

From Venetī + -ia (suffix forming place names).

suffix

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Venice (a city and former polity in northeastern Italy)


Syracusae

la-proper noun

Syrācūsae f pl (genitive Syrācūsārum); first declension

Syrācūsae (canonical feminine plural)
Syrācūsārum (genitive)
Syrācūsae (nominative plural)
Syrācūsārum (genitive plural)
Syrācūsīs (dative plural)
Syrācūsās (accusative plural)
Syrācūsīs (ablative plural)
Syrācūsae (plural vocative)
Syrācūsīs (locative plural)

desctree

Italian: Siracusa
→ Armenian: Սիրակուզա (Sirakuza)
→ Georgian: სირაკუზა (siraḳuza)
→ Japanese: シラクサ (Shirakusa), シラクーザ (Shirakūza)

Sicilian: Saragusa, Sarausa (pronunciation spelling), Siragusa, Sirausa (Italianization)
→ Italian: Siragusa
→ English: Siragusa

→ Catalan: Siracusa

→ Czech: Syrakusy

→ Finnish: Syrakusa

→ French: Syracuse
→ English: Syracuse
→ Italian: Syracuse
→ Japanese: シラキュース (Shirakyūsu)
→ Mandarin: 錫拉丘茲 /锡拉丘兹 (Xīlāqiūzī, Xílāqiūzī)
→ Portuguese: Syracuse

→ Occitan: Siracusa

→ Polish: Syrakuzy

→ Portuguese: Siracusa

→ Spanish: Siracusa

→ Ukrainian: Сираку́зи (Syrakúzy)

From Ancient Greek Συρᾱ́κουσαι (Surā́kousai).

Syracuse (a city and port in Sicily; an ancient Doric city-state in Magna Graecia)


Carthago

la-proper noun

Carthāgō f sg (genitive Carthāginis); third declension

Carthāgō (canonical feminine singular)
Carthāginis (genitive)
Carthāgō (nominative singular)
Carthāginis (genitive singular)
Carthāginī (dative singular)
Carthāginem (accusative singular)
Carthāgine (ablative singular)
Carthāgō (singular vocative)
Carthāgine (locative singular)
Carthāginī (locative singular)
Kartāgō (alternative)
Karthāgō (alternative)

→ Dutch: Carthago

→ English: Carthage

→ French: Carthage

→ German: Karthago

→ Italian: Cartagine

→ Portuguese: Cartago

→ Romanian: Cartagina

→ Spanish: Cartago

Borrowed from Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt ḥdšt), possibly via Etruscan *𐌂𐌀𐌓𐌈𐌀𐌆𐌀 (*carθaza), from 𐤒𐤓𐤕 (qrt, “city”) + 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (ḥdšt, “new”), as opposed to the colonists' mother city of Tyre. Compare Hebrew קֶרֶת (qeret, “city”), קִרְיָה (kiryah), חָדָשׁ (ḥāḏāš, “new”), Aramaic קַרְתָּא (qartā, “city”), חֲדַתָּא (ḥəḏattā, “new”), Arabic قَرْيَة (qarya, “village”), and Arabic حَدِيث (ḥadīṯ, “new”). Doublet of Carchēdōn and Carthada.

bor+

(historical) Carthage (an ancient city-state and former empire centered on modern Tunisia)

(chiefly historical) synonym of Carthagenna, Cartagena (a city in Spain)


Londinium

la-proper noun

Londinium n sg (genitive Londiniī or Londinī); second declension

Londiniī (genitive)
Londinī (genitive)
Londinium (nominative singular)
Londiniī (genitive singular)
Londinī (genitive singular)
Londiniō (dative singular)
Londinium (accusative singular)
Londiniō (ablative singular)
Londinium (singular vocative)
Londiniī (locative singular)
Lundinium (alternative Late Medieval-Latin)
Londonium (alternative Late Medieval-Latin)
Lundonium (alternative Late Medieval-Latin)
Londonum (alternative Late Medieval-Latin)
Londinum (alternative Late Medieval-Latin)
Lundonia (alternative Medieval-Latin)
Londonia (alternative Medieval-Latin)
Lundoniae (alternative Medieval-Latin)

→ Ancient Greek: Λονδίνιον (Londínion)

desctree

→ Old English: Lunden, *ᛚᚢᚾᛞᛖᚾ (*lunden)
Middle English: Lunden, London
English: London
Norwegian Bokmål: London
→ Latin: Lundonia
→? Old French: Londres, Londrez
Middle French: Londres
French: Londres (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Londres
Galician: Londres
Portuguese: Londres

→ English: Londinium

→ German: London

Sicilian: Lògnina, Lònnira

Uncertain, but likely from Proto-Celtic *Londinyom (“place that floods”), from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“heath; wild land”) + *-injo-, a suffix forming specific nouns and found in other Romano-Celtic placenames. Cognate to Proto-Celtic *landā (“low-lying land”), whence Old Irish land, Welsh llan, as well as *londos (“subduing > fierce”, adj.), whence Old Irish lond.
Details
An earlier, more difficult proposal derives it from *Φlowonidonyom, morphologically adapted from a pre-Celtic Indo-European substrate word meaning something like “Boat River, Unfordable River” or “Flooding-River” and made up of Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to flow”) and a disputed *neyd- (“to flow”).
Forms in -don- could be artificial Latinizations modelled after e.g. Old English Wreocen < Latin Viroconium (modern Wroxeter). Appears as Middle Welsh Llundein, Old English Lunden, which may not continue the Classical Latin form, but may continue Late British Latin *Lundeinju if the medial -i- of the original word was short. Cf. Etymology of London.

der

(Classical Latin) Londinium (a city in Britannia, Roman Empire; modern London)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


Tarentum

la-proper noun

Tarentum n sg (genitive Tarentī); second declension

Tarentī (genitive)
Tarentum (nominative singular)
Tarentī (genitive singular)
Tarentō (dative singular)
Tarentum (accusative singular)
Tarentō (ablative singular)
Tarentum (singular vocative)
Tarentī (locative singular)

→ English: Tarentum

Italian: Taranto

→ English: Taranto

Sicilian: Tàrantu, Tàrintu

⇒ Translingual: Tarentula

From Ancient Greek Τάρᾱς (Tárās), of uncertain origin but probably Pre-Greek and related to Illyrian *darandos (“oak”).


Athenae

Athēnae f pl (genitive Athēnārum); first declension

Athēnae (canonical feminine plural)
Athēnārum (genitive)
Athēnae (nominative plural)
Athēnārum (genitive plural)
Athēnīs (dative plural)
Athēnās (accusative plural)
Athēnīs (ablative plural)
Athēnae (plural vocative)
Athēnīs (locative plural)

Japanese: アテネ (Atene)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”).


Thebae

la-proper noun

Thēbae f pl (genitive Thēbārum); first declension

Thēbae (canonical feminine plural)
Thēbārum (genitive)
Thēbae (nominative plural)
Thēbārum (genitive plural)
Thēbīs (dative plural)
Thēbās (accusative plural)
Thēbīs (ablative plural)
Thēbae (plural vocative)
Thēbīs (locative plural)
Thēbē (alternative)


Corinthus

Corinthus f sg (genitive Corinthī); second declension

Corinthī (genitive)
Corinthus (nominative singular)
Corinthī (genitive singular)
Corinthō (dative singular)
Corinthum (accusative singular)
Corinthō (ablative singular)
Corinthe (singular vocative)
Corinthī (locative singular)
Corinthos (alternative)

Catalan: Corint

English: Corinth

French: Corinthe

Galician: Corinto

Italian: Corinto

Portuguese: Corinto

Romanian: Corint

Spanish: Corinto

From Ancient Greek Κόρινθος (Kórinthos).


Hispania

Hispānia f sg (genitive Hispāniae); first declension

Hispānia (canonical feminine singular)
Hispāniae (genitive)
Hispānia (nominative singular)
Hispāniae (genitive singular)
Hispāniae (dative singular)
Hispāniam (accusative singular)
Hispāniā (ablative singular)
Hispānia (singular vocative)
Spania (alternative Medieval-Latin)
Ispania (alternative Medieval-Latin)
Yspania (alternative Medieval-Latin)
Hyspania (alternative Medieval-Latin)

Aromanian: Ispania

Asturian: España

Catalan: Espanya

Italian: Spagna
→ Albanian: Spanjë

Occitan: Espanha

Old French: Espaigne (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Espanha, Espanna
Fala: España
Galician: España
Portuguese: Espanha

Old Spanish: Espanna, España
Ladino: Espanya / איספאנייה
Spanish: España (see there for further descendants)

Romanian: Spania

Romansch: Spagna

Sardinian: Ispagna

Sicilian: Spagna

→ Ancient Greek: Ἱσπανία (Hispanía), Σπᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Spānĭ́ā), Ἑσπᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Hespānĭ́ā)
Greek: Ισπανία (Ispanía)
→ Old Georgian: სპანიაჲ (sṗaniay)
⇒ Georgian: ესპანეთი (esṗaneti)

→ Catalan: Hispània

→? Chinese: 西班牙 (Xībānyá)

→ Korean: 서반아 (seobana)

→ Vietnamese: Tây Ban Nha

→ Dutch: Spanje
> Afrikaans: Spanje (inherited)

→ Esperanto: Hispanio

→ Estonian: Hispaania

→ German: Hispanien

→ Ido: Hispania

→ Japanese: イスパニア

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Spania

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Spania

→ Old English: Ispania

→ Old High German: Spānia, Spanna
Middle High German: Spāne, Spange, Spanje
Central Franconian:
Luxembourgish: Spuenien
German: Spanien
→ Hunsrik: Spanje

→ Polish: Hiszpania
→ Ukrainian: Гишпа́нія (Hyšpánija)

→ Portuguese: Hispânia
→ Hindustani:
Urdu: ہَسْپانِیَہ (haspāniya)
→ Japanese: イスパニャ

→ Russian: Испа́ния (Ispánija), Испа́нія (Ispánija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918), (dated) Гишпа́ния (Gišpánija), (dated) Гишпа́нія (Gišpánija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: Իսպանիա (Ispania)
⇒ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: Испани (Ispani)
Mongolian script: ᠢᠰᠫᠠᠨᠢ (ispani)

→ Welsh: Sbaen

Traditionally thought to derive from a Phoenician/Punic name *𐤀𐤉𐤔𐤐𐤍 (*ʾyšpn /*ʔī šap̄ān/, literally “island of the hyrax”), with elements equivalent to Hebrew אִי (ʔī, “island”) and שָׁפָן (šap̄ā́n, “hyrax”), where the Phoenicians would have thought the land's many rabbits to resemble hyraxes. This theory had some currency among Roman authors, and may explain why Hispania is depicted with rabbits on some Roman coins. But later scholars have sometimes doubted this interpretation and proposed other possible Phoenician etyma, like *𐤀𐤉 𐤑𐤐𐤍 (*ʾy ṣpn /*ʔī ṣappūn/, literally “island of the north”).

Eadem aestate in Hispania coortum ingens bellum conciente Ilergete Indibili nulla alia de causa quam per admirationem Scipionis contemptu imperatorum aliorum orto: eum superesse unum ducem Romanis ceteris ab Hannibale interfectis.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita XXIX.1

During this summer an extensive war broke out in Spain at the instigation of Indibilis, whose sole motive was his intense admiration for Scipio which made him think lightly of other commanders. The people looked upon him as the only general the Romans had left to them, all the others having been killed by Hannibal.

Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula, a peninsula and historical region of Southern Europe covering modern-day Spain, Portugal and Andorra, when under the control of Ancient Rome; split into between two and five Roman provinces, depending on the time period)

(New Latin) Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Thracia

la-proper noun

Thrācia f sg (genitive Thrāciae); first declension

Thrācia (canonical feminine singular)
Thrāciae (genitive)
Thrācia (nominative singular)
Thrāciae (genitive singular)
Thrāciae (dative singular)
Thrāciam (accusative singular)
Thrāciā (ablative singular)
Thrācia (singular vocative)
Thrāciae (locative singular)
Tratia (alternative)

From Ancient Greek Θρᾴκη (Thrā́ikē), from Θρᾷξ (Thrâix, “Thracian”), from base of θράσσω (thrássō, “to trouble, stir”) and -ιξ (-ix) (compare Φοίνιξ (Phoínix, “Phoenician”) and Κίλιξ (Kílix, “Cilician”)).

Thrace (a historical region of Southeast Europe, now divided between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey)


Ruanda

Ruanda f sg (genitive Ruandae); first declension

Ruandae (genitive)
Ruanda (nominative singular)
Ruandae (genitive singular)
Ruandae (dative singular)
Ruandam (accusative singular)
Ruandā (ablative singular)
Ruanda (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Rwanda (a country in East Africa)


Anglia

Anglia f sg (genitive Angliae); first declension

Angliae (genitive)
Anglia (nominative singular)
Angliae (genitive singular)
Angliae (dative singular)
Angliam (accusative singular)
Angliā (ablative singular)
Anglia (singular vocative)

→ Albanian: Angli

→ Armenian: Անգլիա (Anglia)

desc

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܲܢܓܠܝܼܵܐ (anglīyā)

→ Belarusian: А́нглія (Ánhlija)

→ Bulgarian: А́нглия (Ánglija)

→ Catalan: Ànglia

→ Czech: Anglie

→ English: Anglia

→ Greek: Αγγλία (Anglía)

אַנְגְּלִיָּה

→ Hebrew: אַנְגְּלִיָּה (ángliya)

→ Hebrew: אַנְגְּלִיָּה (ángliya)

→ Hungarian: Anglia

→ Latvian: Anglija

→ Lithuanian: Anglija

→ Macedonian: Англија (Anglija)

→ Polish: Anglia

→ Romanian: Anglia

desctree

→ Russian: А́нглия (Ánglija), А́нглія (Ánglija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Ingrian: Anglia
→ Eastern Mari: Англий (Angĺij)
→ Mongolian: Англи (Angli)

→ Slovene: Anglija

→ Ukrainian: А́нглія (Ánhlija)

→ Sanskrit: आङ्ग्ल (āṅgla)

Of Germanic origin, but the exact source is unclear:
* From Proto-West Germanic *angī (“narrow”), as in the narrow waters of the area, or
* From Proto-Germanic *angulaz (“hook”), either referring to the shape of the isle or the Angles as a fishing people.
Folk etymology (according to the Gesta Danorum) drew it from the Nordic hero Angul, whose name was supposedly given to the Angles and his brother Dan's to the Danes.
More at Anglia.

England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Mesopotamia

la-proper noun

Mesopotamia f sg (genitive Mesopotamiae); first declension

Mesopotamiae (genitive)
Mesopotamia (nominative singular)
Mesopotamiae (genitive singular)
Mesopotamiae (dative singular)
Mesopotamiam (accusative singular)
Mesopotamiā (ablative singular)
Mesopotamia (singular vocative)

From Ancient Greek Μεσοποταμία (Mesopotamía, “land between the rivers”).

bor

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)

(historical) Mesopotamia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD)


Tigris

la-proper noun

Tigris m sg (genitive Tigridis); third declension

Tigridis (genitive)
Tigris (nominative singular)
Tigridis (genitive singular)
Tigridī (dative singular)
Tigridim (accusative singular)
Tigridin (accusative singular)
Tigride (ablative singular)
Tigridī (ablative singular)
Tigris (singular vocative)

English: Tigris

Italian: Tigri

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: Tigre, Tigres, Tigris
Galician: Tigris
Portuguese: Tigre, Tígris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τίγρις (Tígris).


Italia

la-proper noun

Ī̆talia f sg (genitive Ī̆taliae); first declension

Ī̆talia (canonical feminine singular)
Ī̆taliae (genitive)
Ī̆talia (nominative singular)
Ī̆taliae (genitive singular)
Ī̆taliae (dative singular)
Ī̆taliam (accusative singular)
Ī̆taliā (ablative singular)
Ī̆talia (singular vocative)
Ytalia (alternative Medieval-Latin)

→ Catalan: Itàlia

→ French: Italie

desctree

→ Old Irish: Etáil
Irish: An Iodáil
Manx: Yn Iddaal
Scottish Gaelic: An Eadailt

→ Italian: Italia
→ Arabic: إِيطَالِيَا (ʔīṭāliyā)
→ Japanese: イタリア (Itaria)
→ Korean: 이탈리아 (Itallia)
→ Maltese: Italja
→ Slavomolisano: Litalija
→ Persian: ایتالیا (itâliyâ)

→ Old English: Italia

English: Italy

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: Italia, Ytalia, Eytalia
Galician: Italia
Portuguese: Itália (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic:

Old English: Eotol

→ Romanian: Italia

→ Sardinian: Itàlia

→ Sicilian: Italia, Talia, Tàlia

→ Spanish: Italia
→ Tagalog: Italya

→ Welsh: Eidal

Via Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ταλίᾱ (Ītalíā), from Oscan 𐌅𐌝𐌕𐌄𐌋𐌉𐌞 (víteliú, “land of bulls”), a name for the southwestern tip of the boot of Italy; usually assumed to be a cognate of vitulus (“calf”).

der

Ītaliam nōn sponte sequor.


Minnesota

la-proper noun

Minnesōta f sg (genitive Minnesōtae); first declension

Minnesōta (canonical feminine singular)
Minnesōtae (genitive)
Minnesōta (nominative singular)
Minnesōtae (genitive singular)
Minnesōtae (dative singular)
Minnesōtam (accusative singular)
Minnesōtā (ablative singular)
Minnesōta (singular vocative)
Minnesōtae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Minnesota (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)


templum

la-noun

templum n (genitive templī); second declension

templī (genitive)
templum (nominative singular)
templa (nominative plural)
templī (genitive singular)
templōrum (genitive plural)
templō (dative singular)
templīs (dative plural)
templum (accusative singular)
templa (accusative plural)
templō (ablative singular)
templīs (ablative plural)
templum (singular vocative)
templa (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: templu

→ Catalan: temple

→ Friulian: templi

→ Italian: tempio, templo

desc

→ Judeo-Italian: טֵינְפֵילוֹ (ṭenəpelo /tenpelo/)

→ Occitan: temple

desctree

→ Old French: temple
French: tempe
→ Middle English: temple
English: temple

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: templo
Galician: templo
Portuguese: templo

→ Old Spanish: templo

Spanish: templo

→ Piedmontese: tempi, templi

→ Albanian: tempull, tëmbla

→ Byzantine Greek: τέμπλον (témplon)

Greek: τέμπλο (témplo)

→ Hungarian: templom

→ Old Irish: tempul (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *temple

Breton: templ

Cornish: tempel

Middle Welsh: temhyl

Welsh: teml

→ Proto-West Germanic: *templ (see there for further descendants)

Term of uncertain origin, with no parallels in other Italic languages.
# Possibly a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *temp- (“to stretch, pull”), whence Latvian tem̃pti (“to pull, stretch”), Old Norse þǫmb (“bow”), and further possibly Proto-Slavic *tętivà (“bowstring”), Old Armenian թամբ (tʻamb, “saddle”). Assuming a shift from “to stretch” to “to measure”, meant as the calculation of the aruspices. Compare also extempulō and more distantly tempus, tendō.
# Parallel formation to Ancient Greek τέμενος (témenos, “sacred enclosure”), reflecting Proto-Indo-European *témh₁-lom, from *temh₁- (“to cut”). The -p- would hence be epenthetic as in exemplum. Further related to temnō, tondeō.

cog

an open space for augural observation; open, clear, broad space


Papua

la-proper noun

Papua f sg (genitive Papuae); first declension

Papuae (genitive)
Papua (nominative singular)
Papuae (genitive singular)
Papuae (dative singular)
Papuam (accusative singular)
Papuā (ablative singular)
Papua (singular vocative)


silva

la-noun

silva f (genitive silvae); first declension

silvae (genitive)
silva (nominative singular)
silvae (nominative plural)
silvae (genitive singular)
silvārum (genitive plural)
silvae (dative singular)
silvīs (dative plural)
silvam (accusative singular)
silvās (accusative plural)
silvā (ablative singular)
silvīs (ablative plural)
silva (singular vocative)
silvae (plural vocative)
sylva (alternative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: selva

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: selve

Gallo-Italic:

Romagnol: sèiba, siba, sélva

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: selva

Occitan: selva

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: selva, silva

Galician: silva

desctree

Portuguese: selva, silva
→ English: selva
→ Russian: се́льва (sélʹva)
(Please either change this template to or insert a ====Descendants==== section in silva)

Portuguese: selva, silva
→ English: selva
→ Russian: се́льва (sélʹva)
(Please either change this template to {{desc}} or insert a ====Descendants==== section in silva)

Spanish: selva
→ Russian: се́льва (sélʹva)

Borrowings:

→ English: silva, sylva

→ French: sylve

→ Interlingua: silva

→ Romanian: silvă

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *sel-, *swel- (“firewood, wood, beam, board, frame, threshold”), and compared with Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood, timber”) and Old English syl (“sill, threshold, foundation”). However, De Vaan is implicitly skeptical of this derivation, and leaves the origin open.


Babylon

la-proper noun

Babylōn f (genitive Babylōnis); third declension

Babylōn (canonical feminine)
Babylōnis (genitive)
Babylōn (nominative singular)
Babylōnēs (nominative plural)
Babylōnis (genitive singular)
Babylōnum (genitive plural)
Babylōnī (dative singular)
Babylōnibus (dative plural)
Babylōnem (accusative singular)
Babylōnēs (accusative plural)
Babylōne (ablative singular)
Babylōnibus (ablative plural)
Babylōn (singular vocative)
Babylōnēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek Βαβυλών (Babulṓn), from Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim, literally “Gate of God”), the name of the ancient Chaldean capital and Biblical city of the Apocalypse.

der

(historical) Babylon (an ancient city, the ancient capital of Babylonia in modern Iraq, built on the banks of the Euphrates)


Aegyptus

la-proper noun

Aegyptus f sg (genitive Aegyptī); second declension

Aegyptī (genitive)
Aegyptus (nominative singular)
Aegyptī (genitive singular)
Aegyptō (dative singular)
Aegyptum (accusative singular)
Aegyptō (ablative singular)
Aegypte (singular vocative)

Aragonese: Echipto

Asturian: Exiptu

→ Basque: Egipto

Catalan: Egipte

Corsican: Egittu, Eghjittu

→ Czech: Egypt

→ Danish: Ægypten, Egypten

desc

→ Old East Slavic: Егѵпетъ (Jegüpetŭ), Егѵпьтъ (Jegüpĭtŭ)

Old Ruthenian: *Егѵпетъ (*Ehipet), *Єгѵпетъ (*Jehipet), *Еґѵпет (*Egipet), *Єґѵпетъ (*Jegipet)

Belarusian: Егі́пет (Jehípjet), Эгі́пет (Ehípjet)

Carpathian Rusyn: Еґі́пет (Egípet)

Ukrainian: Єги́пет (Jehýpet), Єґи́пет (Jegýpet)

desctree

Russian: Еги́пет (Jegípet), Егѵ́петъ (Jegípet) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kyrgyz: Эгипет (Egipet)
→ Manchu: ᡝᡤᡳᡦᡝᡨ (egipet), ᡝᡤᡳᡦᡨ (egipt)
→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: Египет (Jegipet)
Mongolian script: ᠶᠧᠭᠢᠫᠧᠲ (yēgipēt)

→ Old English: Egypte (see there for further descendants)

→ Esperanto: egipto

Ido: Egiptia

→ Estonian: Egiptus

→ Farefare: Egipto

→ Finnish: Egypti

Old French: Egypte (see there for further descendants)

→ West Frisian: Egypte

Friulian: Egjit

Old Galician-Portuguese: Egipto
Galician: Exipto
Portuguese: Egipto, Egito

→ Hungarian: Egyiptom

→ Interlingua: Egypto

→ Old Irish: Égept
Irish: Éigipt
Manx: Eajipt
Scottish Gaelic: Eiphit

Italian: Egitto

Ladino: Egipt

→ Latvian: Ēģipte

Ligurian: Egitto

→ Lithuanian: Egiptas

→ Middle Dutch: Egypten

Dutch: Egypte
Afrikaans: Egipte
Jersey Dutch: Jâpten

Limburgish: Egypte

Neapolitan: Naggitto

Occitan: Egipte

→ Middle High German:

Alemannic German: Ägypten

Bavarian: Egyptn, Ägyptn, Ägypten

German: Ägypten

Luxembourgish: Egypten

→ Plautdietsch: Äjipten

→ Low German: Egypte, Ägypten

→ Malagasy: Egypta

→ Old Norse: Egiptaland
Faroese: Egyptaland
Icelandic: Egyptaland

→ Norwegian: Egypt

Piedmontese: Egit

→ Polish: Egipt

→ Proto-Brythonic: *ėɣɨft

→ Middle Welsh: Eifft
Welsh: yr Aifft (“Egypt”)

Romansch: Egipta

→ Northern Sami: Egypta

→ Serbo-Croatian: Египат, Egipat

Sicilian: Eggittu

→ Slovak: Egypt

→ Slovene: Egipt

→⇒ Lower Sorbian: Egyptojska

Spanish: Egipto
→ Basque: ijito (“Roma”)
→ Kapampangan: Eyiptu
→ Quechua: Ihiptu
→ Tagalog: Ehipto

→ Swedish: Egypten

From Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos) (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐁁𐀓𐀠𐀴𐀍 (a3-ku-pi-ti-jo, “Egyptian”)), from Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ (literally “The temple of the ka of Ptah”), referring to Ptah's temple in the important city of Memphis. The Late Egyptian pronunciation is reflected by Akkadian 𒄭𒆪𒌒𒋫𒀪 (ḫi-ku-up-ta-aḫ /ḫikuptaḫ/).

cog

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Sicilia

la-proper noun

Sicilia f sg (genitive Siciliae); first declension

Siciliae (genitive)
Sicilia (nominative singular)
Siciliae (genitive singular)
Siciliae (dative singular)
Siciliam (accusative singular)
Siciliā (ablative singular)
Sicilia (singular vocative)
Siciliae (locative singular)

Catalan: Sicília

French: Sicile
→ Persian: سیسیل (sisil)

desctree

Italian: Sicilia
→ Albanian: Sicila
→ Japanese: シチリア
→ Korean: 시칠리아 (sichillia)
→ Ottoman Turkish: سچلیا
Turkish: Sicilya

Old Galician-Portuguese: Cezilla

Portuguese: Sicília

Sicilian: Sicilia

Spanish: Sicilia

→ Czech: Sicílie

→ Dutch: Sicilie

→ German: Sizilien

→ Hungarian: Szicília

→ Old English: Sicilia
Middle English: Sicilie, Sicilye
English: Sicily

→ Old Norse: Sikiley

Icelandic: Sikiley

→ Polish: Sycylia

→ Russian: Сици́лия (Sicílija), Сици́лія (Sicílija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kazakh: Сицилия (Sisiliä)
→ Kyrgyz: Сицилия (Sitsiliya)
→ Uzbek: Sitsiliya

From Ancient Greek Σικελία (Sikelía), from Σίκελος (Síkelos, “Sicel”), the name of the Sicel people.

Sicily (the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Iaponia

la-proper noun

Iapō̆nia f sg (genitive Iapō̆niae); first declension

Iapō̆nia (canonical feminine singular)
Iapō̆niae (genitive)
Iapō̆nia (nominative singular)
Iapō̆niae (genitive singular)
Iapō̆niae (dative singular)
Iapō̆niam (accusative singular)
Iapō̆niā (ablative singular)
Iapō̆nia (singular vocative)
Iappōnia (alternative)
Japō̆nia (alternative)
Japonia (alternative)

→ Albanian: Japoni, Japonia

→ Belarusian: Японія (Japónija)

→ Bulgarian: Япония (Japonija)

⇒ Czech: Japonsko

→ Greek: Ιαπωνία (Iaponía)

⇒ Kashubian: Japóńskô

→ Lithuanian: Japonija

→ Macedonian: Јапонија (Japonija)

→ Polish: Japonia

→ Romanian: Japonia

desctree

→ Russian: Япония (Japonija), Япо́нія (Japónija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: Յապոնիա (Yaponia)
→ Azerbaijani: Yaponiya
→ Bashkir: Япония (Yaponiya)
→ Gagauz: Yaponiya
→ Georgian: იაპონია (iaṗonia)
→ Kazakh: Жапония (Japoniä)
→ Kyrgyz: Жапония (Japoniya)
→ Mongolian: Япон (Japon)
→ Turkmen: Ýaponiýa
→ Uzbek: Yaponiya

⇒ Slovak: Japonsko

⇒ Slovene: Japonska

→ Ukrainian: Японія (Japonija)

From possibly French Japon + -ia or Cantonese 日本 (jat⁶ bun²) + -ia.

(New Latin) Japan (a country and archipelago of East Asia)


Europa

la-proper noun

Eurōpa f sg (genitive Eurōpae); first declension

Eurōpa (canonical feminine singular)
Eurōpae (genitive)
Eurōpa (nominative singular)
Eurōpae (genitive singular)
Eurōpae (dative singular)
Eurōpam (accusative singular)
Eurōpā (ablative singular)
Eurōpa (singular vocative)
Eurōpē (alternative)

Catalan: Europa

Italian: Europa

→ Sicilian: Europa

→ Turkish: Avrupa

Old French:

Middle French:

French: Europe

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Europa

Sicilian: Aurupa

Bulgarian: Европа (Evropa)

Mandarin: 歐羅巴 /欧罗巴 (Ōuluóbā)

Middle Dutch: europa

Dutch: Europa (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Middle English: Europe
English: Europe, Europa (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Europe

Middle High German: Eurōpā
German: Europa

Old Galician-Portuguese: Europa, Eyropa
Fala: Europa
Galician: Europa
Portuguese: Europa
→ Burmese: ဥရောပ (u.rau:pa.)
→ Hunsrik: Ëuropa
→ Japanese: ヨーロッパ (Yōroppa)

Romanian: Europa

Russian: Европа (Jevropa)

>? Tamil: ஐரோப்பா (airōppā)

Borrowed from Doric Greek Εὐρώπα (Eurṓpa); cognate with Attic Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).

la:52 Europa
la:Europa
la:Europa (mythologia)
la:Europa (satelles)

(New Latin, astronomy) Europa (a moon in Jupiter)


Bosnia

la-proper noun

Bosnia f sg (genitive Bosniae); first declension

Bosniae (genitive)
Bosnia (nominative singular)
Bosniae (genitive singular)
Bosniae (dative singular)
Bosniam (accusative singular)
Bosniā (ablative singular)
Bosnia (singular vocative)
Bosna (alternative)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Bosnia (a geographic region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, consisting of the northern three fourths of the country)

Bosnia (a country in southeast Europe; in full, Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Mecca

Mecca f sg (genitive Meccae); first declension

Meccae (genitive)
Mecca (nominative singular)
Meccae (genitive singular)
Meccae (dative singular)
Meccam (accusative singular)
Meccā (ablative singular)
Mecca (singular vocative)
Meccae (locative singular)
Macech (alternative)

(post-Classical) Mecca (Arabic city in modern Saudi Arabia)


Colonia Agrippina

Colōnia Agrippīna f sg (genitive Colōniae Agrippīnae); first declension

Colōnia Agrippīna (canonical feminine singular)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (genitive)
Colōnia Agrippīna (nominative singular)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (genitive singular)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (dative singular)
Colōniam Agrippīnam (accusative singular)
Colōniā Agrippīnā (ablative singular)
Colōnia Agrippīna (singular vocative)
Colōniae Agrippīnae (locative singular)

desc

Old French: Coloigne, Cologne, Coulongne

French: Cologne

desctree

→ Middle English: Coloyne, Colayne, Coleyn, Coleyne, colyn, Culane
English: Cologne (pronunciation remodelled after modern French)
→? Welsh: Cwlen
→ Middle Welsh: Cwlwyn

→ Old Frisian: Agrip

→ Catalan: Colònia

→ Greek: Κολωνία (Kolonía)

→ Old High German: *Kolona

desc

Middle High German: Kölne, Coelne, Collen

Central Franconian: Kölle

desctree

German: Köln, Cöln (obsolete since 1919), Coelen, Coellen, Coelne, Cölen, Cöllen, Cölln, Cöllne, Cölne (obsolete)
→ Hungarian: Köln
→ Icelandic: Köln
→ Russian: Кёльн (Kjolʹn)

→ Spanish: Colonia

Shortened form of the full name Colōnia Claudia Āra Agrippīnēnsium.

Cologne, Agrippine Colony; city on the Rhine River in Germany, founded by Agrippina, the mother of the Roman emperor Nero.


Francia

la-proper noun

Francia f sg (genitive Franciae); first declension

Franciae (genitive)
Francia (nominative singular)
Franciae (genitive singular)
Franciae (dative singular)
Franciam (accusative singular)
Franciā (ablative singular)
Francia (singular vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: Francia

Italian: Francia

Neapolitan: Franza

Sicilian: Francia

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: França

Franco-Provençal: France

Occitan: França

desctree

Old French: France, france (manuscript form)
Middle French: France
French: France (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle English: Fraunce, France
English: France (see there for further descendants)
Scots: Fraunce
→ Breton: Frañs
Norman: France, Fraunce (continental)
Picard: France
Walloon: France

Rhaeto-Romance

desc

Romansch: Frantscha, Frontscha, Fràntscha, Frauntscha

Sardinian: Frantza

West Iberian

Extremaduran: Francia

Old Navarro-Aragonese:

Aragonese: Franzia

Old Leonese:

Asturian: Francia

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: França
Portuguese: França

Old Spanish:

Spanish: Francia (see there for further descendants)

→ Armenian: Ֆրանսիա (Fransia)

→ Basque: Frantzia

→ English: Francia

→ French: Francie

→ Middle Irish: Frainc

Irish: An Fhrainc

Manx: Yn Rank

Scottish Gaelic: An Fhraing

→ Maltese: Franza

→ Polish: Francja
→ Belarusian: Фра́нцыя (Fráncyja)
→ Russian: Фра́нция (Fráncija), Фра́нція (Fráncija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Bashkir: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Bulgarian: Франция (Francija)
→ Ingrian: Frantsia
→ Kazakh: Франция (Fransiä)
→ Kyrgyz: Франция (Frantsiya)
→ Macedonian: Франција (Francija)
⇒ Mongolian: Франц (Franc), франц (franc)
→ Slovene: Francija
→ Tatar: Франция (Frantsiyä)
→ Turkmen: Fransiýa
→ Uyghur: فرانسىيە (fransiye)
→ Uzbek: Fransiya
→ Ukrainian: Фра́нція (Fráncija)

→ Welsh: Ffrainc

(New Latin) France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)


Arizona

la-proper noun

Arizōna f sg (genitive Arizōnae); first declension

Arizōna (canonical feminine singular)
Arizōnae (genitive)
Arizōna (nominative singular)
Arizōnae (genitive singular)
Arizōnae (dative singular)
Arizōnam (accusative singular)
Arizōnā (ablative singular)
Arizōna (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Arizona (a state in the southwestern United States, established 1912)


Alabama

Alabāma f sg (genitive Alabāmae); first declension

Alabāma (canonical feminine singular)
Alabāmae (genitive)
Alabāma (nominative singular)
Alabāmae (genitive singular)
Alabāmae (dative singular)
Alabāmam (accusative singular)
Alabāmā (ablative singular)
Alabāma (singular vocative)
Alabāmae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Alabama (a state of the United States)


Indiana

Indiāna f sg (genitive Indiānae); first declension

Indiāna (canonical feminine singular)
Indiānae (genitive)
Indiāna (nominative singular)
Indiānae (genitive singular)
Indiānae (dative singular)
Indiānam (accusative singular)
Indiānā (ablative singular)
Indiāna (singular vocative)
Indiānae (locative singular)

(New Latin) Indiana (a state of the United States)


Columbia

Columbia f sg (genitive Columbiae); first declension

Columbiae (genitive)
Columbia (nominative singular)
Columbiae (genitive singular)
Columbiae (dative singular)
Columbiam (accusative singular)
Columbiā (ablative singular)
Columbia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Colombia (a country in South America)


Damascus

Dāmascus f sg (genitive Dāmascī); second declension

Dāmascus (canonical feminine singular)
Dāmascī (genitive)
Dāmascus (nominative singular)
Dāmascī (genitive singular)
Dāmascō (dative singular)
Dāmascum (accusative singular)
Dāmascō (ablative singular)
Dāmasce (singular vocative)
Dāmascī (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Δαμασκός (Damaskós), from a Semitic source.

Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)


Ucraina

Ū̆crāīna f sg (genitive Ū̆crāīnae); first declension

Ucraina f sg (genitive Ucrainae); first declension

Ū̆crāīna (canonical feminine singular)
Ucraina (canonical feminine singular)
Ū̆crāīnae (genitive)
Ucrainae (genitive)
Ū̆crāīna (nominative singular)
Ū̆crāīnae (genitive singular)
Ū̆crāīnae (dative singular)
Ū̆crāīnam (accusative singular)
Ū̆crāīnā (ablative singular)
Ū̆crāīna (singular vocative)
Ucraina (nominative singular)
Ucrainae (genitive singular)
Ucrainae (dative singular)
Ucrainam (accusative singular)
Ucrainā (ablative singular)
Ucraina (singular vocative)

Borrowed from Old Ruthenian Оукраи́на (Ukraína, “Ukraine”)

bor

Religionem in Ucraina oportet esse solam et unam Orthodoxae Orientalis Confessionis, [...]

1710 April 5, Philippus Orlik, chapter I, in Contenta Pactorum inter Ducem et Exercitum Zaporoviensem conventorum, in Compendium brevi stylo collecta., Bendery, archived from the original on 2022-04-09:

Religion in Ukraine ought to be united in the sole profession of Eastern Orthodoxy.

(New Latin) Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Indus

la-proper noun

Indus m sg (genitive Indī); second declension

Indī (genitive)
Indus (nominative singular)
Indī (genitive singular)
Indō (dative singular)
Indum (accusative singular)
Indō (ablative singular)
Inde (singular vocative)


Germania

Germānia f sg (genitive Germāniae); first declension

Germānia (canonical feminine singular)
Germāniae (genitive)
Germānia (nominative singular)
Germāniae (genitive singular)
Germāniae (dative singular)
Germāniam (accusative singular)
Germāniā (ablative singular)
Germānia (singular vocative)
Iermania (alternative)

Middle English: Germanie

Irish: Gearmáin

Italian: Germania

Romanian: Germania

Russian: Герма́ния (Germánija)

Sicilian: Girmània

From Germānī + -ia. Germani was an exonym applied by the Romans to a tribe (or nearby tribes) living around and east of the Rhine; it was first attested in the 1st century b.c. works of Julius Caesar and is of uncertain etymology. It was said by Strabo to derive from germānus (“close kin; genuine”), making it cognate with "germane" and "german", but this seems unsupported. Attempts to derive it from Germanic or Celtic roots are all problematic (although see Germany).

Germany in its various senses, including:

(New Latin) Germany, various Central European nation-states including:

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Thailandia

Thailandia f sg (genitive Thailandiae); first declension

Thailandiae (genitive)
Thailandia (nominative singular)
Thailandiae (genitive singular)
Thailandiae (dative singular)
Thailandiam (accusative singular)
Thailandiā (ablative singular)
Thailandia (singular vocative)

(New Latin) Thailand (a country in Southeast Asia)


Polonia

Polonia f sg (genitive Poloniae); first declension

Poloniae (genitive)
Polonia (nominative singular)
Poloniae (genitive singular)
Poloniae (dative singular)
Poloniam (accusative singular)
Poloniā (ablative singular)
Polonia (singular vocative)

Aragonese: Polonia

Aromanian: Pulunia

Asturian: Polonia

Catalan: Polònia

Franco-Provençal: Pologne

French: Pologne

Friulian: Polonie

Galician: Polonia

Italian: Polonia

Ligurian: Polònia

Norman: Polongne

Occitan: Polonha

Portuguese: Polônia, Polónia

Romanian: Polonia

Romansch: Pologna

Sardinian: Polonia

Spanish: Polonia

Venetan: Połonia

Walloon: Pologne

→ Chinese: 波羅泥亞 /波罗泥亚 (Bōluóníyà)

→ Manchu: ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᡳᠶᠠ (boloniya)

⇒ English: Polono-

⇒ Georgian: პოლონეთი (ṗoloneti)

→ Polish: Polonia

From Proto-Slavic *poľane, plural of *poľaninъ (“field dweller”).

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Poland (a country in Central Europe)


Serbia

Serbia f sg (genitive Serbiae); first declension

Serbiae (genitive)
Serbia (nominative singular)
Serbiae (genitive singular)
Serbiae (dative singular)
Serbiam (accusative singular)
Serbiā (ablative singular)
Serbia (singular vocative)
Servia (alternative)

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


saltus

la-noun

saltus m (genitive saltūs); fourth declension

saltūs (genitive)
saltus (nominative singular)
saltūs (nominative plural)
saltūs (genitive singular)
saltuum (genitive plural)
saltuī (dative singular)
saltibus (dative plural)
saltum (accusative singular)
saltūs (accusative plural)
saltū (ablative singular)
saltibus (ablative plural)
saltus (singular vocative)
saltūs (plural vocative)

Italian: salto

Asturian: sotu

Fala: soitu

Galician: souto

Portuguese: souto, soito, salto

Sardinian: sartu

Spanish: soto

Uncertain. Perhaps related to silva. Compare also Ancient Greek άλσος (álsos, “sacred grove, copse”), from Pre-Greek, which would point to substrate origin if related.

cog

(historical units of measure) A saltus, a large unit of area equal to four centuriae (approximately 500 acres or 200 hectares), used especially in reference to tracts of public land.


Anas

la-proper noun

Anās m sg (genitive Anae); first declension

Anās (canonical masculine singular)
Anae (genitive)
Anās (nominative singular)
Anae (genitive singular)
Anae (dative singular)
Anān (accusative singular)
Anam (accusative singular)
Anā (ablative singular)
Anā (singular vocative)
Ana (alternative)

a river in Spain and Portugal; modern Guadiana


Barca

Barca f sg (genitive Barcae); first declension

Barcae (genitive)
Barca (nominative singular)
Barcae (nominative plural)
Barcae (genitive singular)
Barcārum (genitive plural)
Barcae (dative singular)
Barcīs (dative plural)
Barcam (accusative singular)
Barcās (accusative plural)
Barcā (ablative singular)
Barcīs (ablative plural)
Barca (singular vocative)
Barcae (plural vocative)

From Punic 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (Baraq), from Phoenician 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (baraq, “lightning”), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *baraḳ-.

a surname from Punic, particularly (historical) a dynasty of Carthaginian leaders.


Barca

Barcae (genitive)
Barca (nominative singular)
Barcae (genitive singular)
Barcae (dative singular)
Barcam (accusative singular)
Barcā (ablative singular)
Barca (singular vocative)
Barcae (locative singular)

English: Barca

Italian: Barca

Spanish: Barca

From Ancient Greek Βάρκη (Bárkē), from the local tribe of the Barraci.


Barium

Bārium n sg (genitive Bāriī or Bārī); second declension

Bārium (canonical neuter singular)
Bāriī (genitive)
Bārī (genitive)
Bārium (nominative singular)
Bāriī (genitive singular)
Bārī (genitive singular)
Bāriō (dative singular)
Bārium (accusative singular)
Bāriō (ablative singular)
Bārium (singular vocative)
Bāriī (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βάριον (Bárion).

a maritime city in Apulia, situated on the coast of the Adriatic Sea, now Bari


Insula

Īnsula f sg (genitive Īnsulae); first declension

Īnsula (canonical feminine singular)
Īnsulae (genitive)
Īnsula (nominative singular)
Īnsulae (genitive singular)
Īnsulae (dative singular)
Īnsulam (accusative singular)
Īnsulā (ablative singular)
Īnsula (singular vocative)
Īnsulae (locative singular)

Lille, a city in France, the capital of Nord-Pas-de-Calais


Laus

Laus f sg (genitive Laudis); third declension

Laudis (genitive)
Laus (nominative singular)
Laudis (genitive singular)
Laudī (dative singular)
Laudem (accusative singular)
Laude (ablative singular)
Laus (singular vocative)
Laudī (locative singular)
Laude (locative singular)
Laus Nova (alternative)
Laus Pompeia (alternative)


Marathon

Marathōn f sg (genitive Marathōnis); third declension

Marathōn (canonical feminine singular)
Marathōnis (genitive)
Marathōn (nominative singular)
Marathōnis (genitive singular)
Marathōnī (dative singular)
Marathōnem (accusative singular)
Marathōna (accusative singular)
Marathōne (ablative singular)
Marathōn (singular vocative)
Marathōnī (locative singular)
Marathōne (locative singular)


Parma

Parma f sg (genitive Parmae); first declension

Parmae (genitive)
Parma (nominative singular)
Parmae (genitive singular)
Parmae (dative singular)
Parmam (accusative singular)
Parmā (ablative singular)
Parma (singular vocative)
Parmae (locative singular)


Petra

Petra f sg (genitive Petrae); first declension

Petrae (genitive)
Petra (nominative singular)
Petrae (genitive singular)
Petrae (dative singular)
Petram (accusative singular)
Petrā (ablative singular)
Petra (singular vocative)
Petrae (locative singular)

Petra (an ancient Nabatean city in Arabia Petraea, in modern Jordan)

Petra (a medieval fortified town in Lazica, in the modern country of Georgia; modern Tsikhisdziri)

Petra (an ancient lost town in Corinthia in modern Greece)

Petra (an ancient lost town in Elis in modern Greece)


Phoenix

Phoenīx m sg (genitive Phoenīcis); third declension

Phoenīx (canonical masculine singular)
Phoenīcis (genitive)
Phoenīx (nominative singular)
Phoenīcis (genitive singular)
Phoenīcī (dative singular)
Phoenīcem (accusative singular)
Phoenīce (ablative singular)
Phoenīx (singular vocative)
Phœnix (alternative)

From Ancient Greek φοῖνῐξ (phoînĭx), Φοῖνῐξ (Phoînĭx).

(New Latin) Phoenix (the capital city of Arizona, United States)


Riga

Riga f sg (genitive Rigae); first declension

Rigae (genitive)
Riga (nominative singular)
Rigae (genitive singular)
Rigae (dative singular)
Rigam (accusative singular)
Rigā (ablative singular)
Riga (singular vocative)

Blokavs Munitio inter Rigam & Dinamunt ad Dwinam condita

1578, Alexander Guagnini, Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio, quae Regnum Poloniae, Lituaniam, Samogitiam, Russiam, Masouiam, Prussiam, Pomeraniam, Liuoniam, et Moschouiae, Tartariaeque partem complectitur [Description of European Sarmatia, Which Encompasses the Kingdom of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia, Russia, Mazovia, Prussia, Pomerania, Livonia, Muscovy, and Part of Tartary], Liuoniae totius cum suis Prouinciis, Ciuitatibus, Castris, et Commendaturis, siue Palatinatibus, etc. Succincta descriptio [A succinct description of the whole of Livonia, with its provinces, cities, castles, and commanderies or palatinates, etc.], folio 3r:

Blokaus is a fortification built on the Dvina between Riga and Dünamünde.


Sel

Unknown. If the identification with Salobreña is accepted, then perhaps a clipping from Phoenician and cognate with Salambō.

Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica#English

An ancient city in Hispania Baetica, modern Spain, perhaps modern Salobreña.


Tritium

Tritium n sg (genitive Tritiī or Tritī); second declension

Tritiī (genitive)
Tritī (genitive)
Tritium (nominative singular)
Tritiī (genitive singular)
Tritī (genitive singular)
Tritiō (dative singular)
Tritium (accusative singular)
Tritiō (ablative singular)
Tritium (singular vocative)
Tritiī (locative singular)

From a Hispano-Celtic language, from Proto-Celtic *tritiyos (“third”).

Hispania Tarraconensis
Hispania Tarraconensis

A town of the Autrigones in Hispania Tarraconensis


Norvegia

Norvegia f sg (genitive Norvegiae); first declension

Norvegiae (genitive)
Norvegia (nominative singular)
Norvegiae (genitive singular)
Norvegiae (dative singular)
Norvegiam (accusative singular)
Norvegiā (ablative singular)
Norvegia (singular vocative)
Norwegia (alternative)

Catalan: Noruega

French: Norvège

Hungarian: Norvégia

Italian: Norvegia

Interlingua: Norvegia

Portuguese: Noruega

Romanian: Norvegia

desctree

Russian: Норве́гия (Norvégija), Норве́гія (Norvégija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: Նորվեգիա (Norvegia)
→ Bashkir: Норвегия (Norvegiya)
→ Ingrian: Norvegia
→ Georgian: ნორვეგია (norvegia)
→ Yiddish: נאָרוועגיע (norvegye)

Sicilian: Nurbeggia

Spanish: Noruega

From Old Norse Norvegr (“north way”), from norðr (“north”) + vegr (“way”).

(New Latin) Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


Eboracum

la-proper noun

Eborācum n sg (genitive Eborācī); second declension

Eborācum (canonical neuter singular)
Eborācī (genitive)
Eborācum (nominative singular)
Eborācī (genitive singular)
Eborācō (dative singular)
Eborācum (accusative singular)
Eborācō (ablative singular)
Eborācum (singular vocative)
Eborācī (locative singular)

desctree

→ Old English: Eoforwīċ, Eoferwīċ, Ēorwīċ, Euerwīċ
Middle English: Everwik, Eborwike, Eoverwic, Everwic, Everwich, Everwike, Everwyk
→ Old French: Everwich
→ Old Italian: Verrvicche
→ Old Norse: Jórvík
Icelandic: Jórvík
→ Faroese: Jórvík (learned)
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Jorvik (learned)
→ Swedish: Jorvik (learned)
→ Danish: Jorvig (learned)
→ Middle English: York, Yorke, Ȝork, Ȝorke, Ȝorc, Ȝeorc
English: York

Borrowed from pre-Brythonic and Proto-Celtic *Eborākom, from *eburos (“yew”) + *-ākom (relative adjective suffix). See the entry York for more.

suffix

Eboracum, a fort and city in Roman Britain, which evolved into York.


Cambyses

la-proper noun

Cambȳsēs m sg (genitive Cambȳsis); third declension

Cambȳsēs (canonical masculine singular)
Cambȳsis (genitive)
Cambȳsēs (nominative singular)
Cambȳsis (genitive singular)
Cambȳsī (dative singular)
Cambȳsem (accusative singular)
Cambȳse (ablative singular)
Cambȳsēs (singular vocative)
Cambȳsī (locative singular)
Cambȳse (locative singular)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Καμβῡ́σης (Kambū́sēs).

a river in Albania, rising in the Caucasus and flowing into the Cyrus, now the river Iori


Samaria

Samarīa f sg (genitive Samarīae); first declension

Samarīa (canonical feminine singular)
Samarīae (genitive)
Samarīa (nominative singular)
Samarīae (genitive singular)
Samarīae (dative singular)
Samarīam (accusative singular)
Samarīā (ablative singular)
Samarīa (singular vocative)
Samarīae (locative singular)

From Ancient Greek Σαμάρεια (Samáreia), partial calque of Biblical Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן (Šōmərōn).

(historical) former name of Sebastia, Samaria (a city in the West Bank, Palestine; the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Israel)

(historical) Samaria (an ancient region of the region of Palestine, mostly in the northern part of the modern West Bank)


Islandia

Īslandia f sg (genitive Īslandiae); first declension

Īslandia (canonical feminine singular)
Īslandiae (genitive)
Īslandia (nominative singular)
Īslandiae (genitive singular)
Īslandiae (dative singular)
Īslandiam (accusative singular)
Īslandiā (ablative singular)
Īslandia (singular vocative)

2001 Latnesk Lestrarbók (“a Latin reader”) by Kristinn Ármannsson; first part, lesson 8

Islandia insula est.
Iceland is an island.

1772-1778 Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ by Finnur Jónsson, chapter one (Google books)

Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

(New Latin) Iceland (an island and country in the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe)


Britannia

Britannia f (genitive Britanniae); first declension

Britanniae (genitive)
Britannia (nominative singular)
Britanniae (nominative plural)
Britanniae (genitive singular)
Britanniārum (genitive plural)
Britanniae (dative singular)
Britanniīs (dative plural)
Britanniam (accusative singular)
Britanniās (accusative plural)
Britanniā (ablative singular)
Britanniīs (ablative plural)
Britannia (singular vocative)
Britanniae (plural vocative)
Britanniae (locative singular)
Britanniīs (locative plural)
Brittannia (alternative)
Brittania (alternative)
Britania (alternative)
Bretannia (alternative)
Brettannia (alternative)
Brettania (alternative)
Brictania (alternative obsolete)
Brintania (alternative obsolete)
Brytannia (alternative Medieval-Latin)

desctree

بَرْطَانِيَة

→ Arabic: بَرْطَانِيَة (barṭāniya), بِرِيطانِيَا (birīṭāniyā)
→ Classical Persian: برطانیه (biritâniya)
→ Pashto: برطانيه (bartānya)
→ Urdu: بَرْطانِیَہ (bartāniya)

desc

Catalan: → Bretanya, → Britània (learned)

→ Dutch: Brittannië (learned)

→ English: Britannia (learned)

→ Finnish: Britannia (learned)

→ French: Britannia (learned)

→ German: Britannien (learned)

→ Hungarian: Britannia (learned)

Italian: Bretagna, → Britannia (learned)

→ Old English: Breten

Old French: Bretaigne, Britaine

→ Middle English: Breteyn, Britayne

English: Britain, Brittany

→ Japanese: ブリテン (Buriten)

→ Korean: 브리튼 (Beuriteun)

→ Mandarin: 不列顛 /不列颠 (Bùlièdiān)

French: Bretagne

→ Japanese: ブルターニュ (Burutānyu)

Old Galician-Portuguese: Bretanha

Galician: Bretaña

Portuguese: Bretanha, Britânia

Sicilian: Britagna, Britanja

Spanish: Bretaña

பிரித்தானியா

→ Tamil: பிரித்தானியா (pirittāṉiyā)

→ Tamil: பிரித்தானியா (pirittāṉiyā)

Diodorus
Pytheas
en:Britain (name)
la:Britannia (discretiva)

Attested from the 1st century BCE, directly or from Ancient Greek Βρεττανία (Brettanía), Πρεττανία (Prettanía) (in Diodorus), earlier νῆσος Πρεττανική (nêsos Prettanikḗ) or Βρεττανίαι (Brettaníai), used by Pytheas (4th century BCE) of the entire archipelago now known as the British Isles.
The Ancient Greek name is ultimately from a Celtic ethnonym, reconstructed as early Brythonic *Pritani, perhaps from a Proto-Celtic *Kʷritanī, *Kʷritenī, whence Welsh Prydyn (“Picts”), Old Irish Cruthne, Cru(i)then-túath (“Picts”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do”).

Britannia (a province of the Roman Empire in Western Europe, on the island of Great Britain)

Britanniārum Rēgnum

United Kingdom; Kingdom of the British Isles

(Medieval Latin) Brittany (a region and peninsula in modern France, populated by speakers of Breton)

(Medieval Latin) Wales (a region in the modern United Kingdom, populated by speakers of Welsh)


Medina

la-proper noun

Medīna f sg (genitive Medīnae); first declension

Medīna (canonical feminine singular)
Medīnae (genitive)
Medīna (nominative singular)
Medīnae (genitive singular)
Medīnae (dative singular)
Medīnam (accusative singular)
Medīnā (ablative singular)
Medīna (singular vocative)
Medīnae (locative singular)
Almidīna (alternative)
Yathrēbum (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْمَدِينَة (al-madīna).

bor

اَلْمَدِينَة

(post-Classical) Medina (Arabic city in modern Saudi Arabia)