glans

la-noun

glāns f (genitive glandis); third declension

glāns (canonical feminine)
glandis (genitive)
glāns (nominative singular)
glandēs (nominative plural)
glandis (genitive singular)
glandium (genitive plural)
glandum (genitive plural)
glandī (dative singular)
glandibus (dative plural)
glandem (accusative singular)
glandēs (accusative plural)
glande (ablative singular)
glandibus (ablative plural)
glāns (singular vocative)
glandēs (plural vocative)
glandō (alternative obsolete)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: gljindã

Romanian: ghindă

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ghianda, ajjanna (Reati)

Sicilian: ghianna

Calabrian: aghianda

Padanian:

Friulian: gland, glant

Ladin: gian

Piedmontese: giand, agian, gianda

desc

Romansch: glogn, glonda, galonda, glanda

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: glland, agllan, allan, llan

Valdôtain: llande, llan

Old French: glant, glande

French: gland, glande

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: glan

Belsetán: lan

Ribagorçan: llan

Old Catalan: glan, aglan

Catalan: gla, aglá

Old Occitan: glan, aglan

Occitan: agland (silent ⟨d⟩)

Gascon: gland

Vivaro-Alpine: gland, alhand

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: llande

Portuguese: lande

Spanish: lande (Álava), llande (regional?)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Campidanese: landi

Logudorese: lande, landa

Nuorese: grande, lande, lanne

Vulgar Latin: glandinis

Neapolitan: ghialne (Andria)

Piedmontese: giandr

Sardinian: landiri (Campidanese)

Spanish: landre

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: gland

→ English: gland, glans

→ French: glande

→ Galician: glande

→ Italian: glande

→ Portuguese: glande

→ Romanian: gland

→ Russian: гла́нды (glándy)

→ Spanish: glande

⇒ Translingual: Glandirana

From Proto-Italic *glānts, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”).

(literal) an acorn, nut; any acorn-shaped fruit; a beechnut, chestnut


quercus

la-noun

quercus f (genitive quercūs); fourth declension

quercūs (genitive)
quercus (nominative singular)
quercūs (nominative plural)
quercūs (genitive singular)
quercuum (genitive plural)
quercōrum (genitive plural)
quercuī (dative singular)
quercubus (dative plural)
quercum (accusative singular)
quercūs (accusative plural)
quercū (ablative singular)
quercubus (ablative plural)
quercus (singular vocative)
quercūs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Quercus

⇒ Galician: cerquiño, cerqueiro

Italian: quercia

Portuguese: querco

Sicilian: cerza

Spanish: alcornoque

→ English: cork

From Proto-Italic *kʷerkus, assimilated from Proto-Indo-European *pérkus ~ *pr̥kʷéu- (“oak”). Compare Old Norse fýri (as in fýriskógr (“pine-wood”). See also English fir.

der

(poetic) something made from oak wood (e.g., an oaken ship, an oaken javelin, etc.)


fagus

la-noun

fāgus f (genitive fāgī); second declension

fāgus (canonical feminine)
fāgī (genitive)
fāgus (nominative singular)
fāgī (nominative plural)
fāgī (genitive singular)
fāgōrum (genitive plural)
fāgō (dative singular)
fāgīs (dative plural)
fāgum (accusative singular)
fāgōs (accusative plural)
fāgūs (accusative plural)
fāgō (ablative singular)
fāgīs (ablative plural)
fāge (singular vocative)
fāgī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: fag

Megleno-Romanian: fag

Romanian: fag

Italo-Romance:

Sicilian: fagu

Padanian:

Emilian: fò

Friulian: fau

Ligurian: fò

Lombard: fo

Piedmontese: fò

Romansch: fau, fo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: fo

Oïl:

desctree

Old French: fau, fou, fou, fau
Franc-Comtois: fô
Gallo: faeu
Norman: fau (Jersey)
⇒ French: fouet

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: fau, favo (most dialects)

Belsetán: faus

Benasqués: fago

Sobrarbe: fago

Catalan: fau (northwestern and Ribagorçan)

Occitan: fau (most dialects)

Gascon: hau, hac

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: fagu, fau

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fāgārius

Dalmatian: faguor

Venetan: fagaro, faghèr, faghèra

Ancient borrowings:

→ Basque: pago

→ Proto-Brythonic: *fau

Breton: faou

Cornish: fow

Welsh: ffaw ⇒ ffawydd

Translingual: Fagus

From Proto-Italic *fāgos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech tree”), same source as English beech, Russian бузина́ (buziná, “elder”), Ancient Greek φηγός (phēgós, “oak”).

inh

Sub tegmine fagi.

Vergilius; found in both Georgicon (Book IV, line 566) and Eclogae (Book I, line 1)


aesculus

la-noun

aesculus f (genitive aesculī); second declension

aesculī (genitive)
aesculus (nominative singular)
aesculī (nominative plural)
aesculī (genitive singular)
aesculōrum (genitive plural)
aesculō (dative singular)
aesculīs (dative plural)
aesculum (accusative singular)
aesculōs (accusative plural)
aesculō (ablative singular)
aesculīs (ablative plural)
aescule (singular vocative)
aesculī (plural vocative)

Italian: eschio

→ Portuguese: ésculo

Etymology unclear. By surface analysis, seemingly a diminutive form ending in -ulus (diminutive suffix).
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”), or from a Mediterranean substrate, though the presence of a Germanic cognate is surprising. Compare English oak, Lithuanian ąžuolas (“oak”), Albanian enjë (“juniper, yew”), Ancient Greek αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps, “Turkey oak”).

cog

ut inter Sacram Viam et Macellum editum Corneta ⟨a cornis⟩, quae abscisae loco reliquerunt nomen, ut Aesculetum ab aesculo dictum

[1st century BCE], Varro, De lingua latina (tr. R. G. Kent, Loeb Classical Library, 1938), pages 142-143

...just as between the Sacred Way and I he higher part of the Macellum are the Corneta 'Cornel-Cherry Groves,' from corni 'cornel-cherry trees,' which though cut away left their name to the place; just as the Aesculetum 'Oak-Grove' is named from aesculus 'oak-tree'...

Hic iuvenum quicumque manu pedibusve rotave
vicerat, aesculeae capiebat frondis honorem:
nondum laurus erat, longoque decentia crine

[8 CE] Ovid, Metamorphoses (tr. Brookes More, Cornhill Publishing, 1922). Lines I.448-451

In these the happy youth
who proved victorious in the chariot race,
running and boxing, with an honoured crown
of oak leaves was enwreathed. The laurel then
was not created, wherefore Phoebus, bright
and godlike, beauteous with his flowing hair,
was wont to wreathe his brows with various leaves.

tempora cingebat de qualibet arbore Phoebus.

the tallest species of oak, the winter oak or Italian oak (with edible acorns), sacred to Jupiter


castanea

la-noun

castanea f (genitive castaneae); first declension

castaneae (genitive)
castanea (nominative singular)
castaneae (nominative plural)
castaneae (genitive singular)
castaneārum (genitive plural)
castaneae (dative singular)
castaneīs (dative plural)
castaneam (accusative singular)
castaneās (accusative plural)
castaneā (ablative singular)
castaneīs (ablative plural)
castanea (singular vocative)
castaneae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cãstãnji

Megleno-Romanian: căstǫn'ă

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: castagna

Italian: castagna (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: castagna

Sicilian: castagna

Padanian:

Friulian: cjastine

Venetan: castegna

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: castanya

Franco-Provençal: châtagne

Old French: chastaigne (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: castanha

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: castaña

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: castanna, castana, castaña, castanha
Fala: castaña
Galician: castaña
Portuguese: castanha (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: castanna
Spanish: castaña (see there for further descendants)

→ Albanian: gështenjë

→ Basque: gaztaina

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: kistin

Cornish: kesten

Welsh: castan ⇒ castanwydd

→ Czech: kaštan

→ Estonian: kasta

→ Old Irish: castán

Irish: castán

Manx: castan

Scottish Gaelic: castan

→ Latgalian: kaštans

→ Latvian: kastanis

→ Lithuanian: kaštonas

→ Macedonian: костен (kosten)

→ Polish: kasztan

→ Ukrainian: каштан (kaštan)

→ Russian: каштан (kaštan)

→ Slovak: gaštan

→ Slovene: kostanj

→ Translingual: Castanea

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kastannjā (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia), from κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (kắstănă).


amygdalum

la-noun

amygdalum n (genitive amygdalī); second declension

amygdalī (genitive)
amygdalum (nominative singular)
amygdala (nominative plural)
amygdalī (genitive singular)
amygdalōrum (genitive plural)
amygdalō (dative singular)
amygdalīs (dative plural)
amygdalum (accusative singular)
amygdala (accusative plural)
amygdalō (ablative singular)
amygdalīs (ablative plural)
amygdalum (singular vocative)
amygdala (plural vocative)
amigdalum (alternative)

→ Afrikaans: amandel

Asturian: almendra

→ Basque: almendra

desc

→ Belarusian: мінда́ль (mindálʹ), мігда́л (mihdál)

→ Breton: alamandez

Catalan: ametlla

Corsican: amandula

→ Czech: amygdala, mandle

→ Danish: amygdala, mandel

→ Dutch: amygdala, amandel

→ Old English: āmigdal

→ Esperanto: migdalo

→ Estonian: mandel

→ Faroese: mandel

→ Finnish: manteli

Old French: almande, amande

French: amygdale, amande

English: amygdala, almond

Friulian: mandule

→ German: Amygdala, Mandel

Galician: améndoa

→ Greenlandic: mandeli

→ Hungarian: amigdala, mandula

→ Icelandic: mandla, sætmandla

→ Indonesian: amigdala

→ Irish: almóinn

Istriot: manduleîna

Italian: amigdala, mandorla

→ Japanese: アーモンド (āmondo)

→ Korean: 아몬드 (amondeu)

→ Manx: almon

→ Norwegian: amygdala, mandel

Occitan: amètla

→ Polish: migdał

Portuguese: amígdala, amêndoa, mígala

Romanian: migdal, migdală

Romansch: mandel, mandla

→ Russian: минда́ль (mindálʹ)

Sardinian: méndhula, méndua, méndula, ménnula, míndula

→ Serbo-Croatian: amigdala, mȁndula

Sicilian: mènnula

→ Slovene: mandelj

Old Spanish: almendra

Ladino: almendra

Spanish: amígdala, almendra

Tagalog: alméndras

→ Swedish: amygdala, mandel

→ Turkish: amigdala

→ Ukrainian: мигда́ль (myhdálʹ)

→ Welsh: almon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀμύγδαλον (amúgdalon, “almond, almond shaped”).


prinus

la-noun

prīnus f (genitive prīnī); second declension

prīnus (canonical feminine)
prīnī (genitive)
prīnus (nominative singular)
prīnī (nominative plural)
prīnī (genitive singular)
prīnōrum (genitive plural)
prīnō (dative singular)
prīnīs (dative plural)
prīnum (accusative singular)
prīnōs (accusative plural)
prīnō (ablative singular)
prīnīs (ablative plural)
prīne (singular vocative)
prīnī (plural vocative)


balanus

balanus f (genitive balanī); second declension

balanī (genitive)
balanus (nominative singular)
balanī (nominative plural)
balanī (genitive singular)
balanōrum (genitive plural)
balanō (dative singular)
balanīs (dative plural)
balanum (accusative singular)
balanōs (accusative plural)
balanō (ablative singular)
balanīs (ablative plural)
balane (singular vocative)
balanī (plural vocative)
balana (alternative)
balania (alternative)

Catalan: bàlan

French: balane

Italian: balano

Portuguese: bálano

Spanish: bálano

→ English: balanus

→ French: balanus (learned)

→ Translingual: Balanus

a fruit or other object similar in form to an acorn:


iuglans

iūglāns f (genitive iūglandis); third declension

iūglāns (canonical feminine)
iūglandis (genitive)
iūglāns (nominative singular)
iūglandēs (nominative plural)
iūglandis (genitive singular)
iūglandium (genitive plural)
iūglandum (genitive plural)
iūglandī (dative singular)
iūglandibus (dative plural)
iūglandem (accusative singular)
iūglandēs (accusative plural)
iūglande (ablative singular)
iūglandibus (ablative plural)
iūglāns (singular vocative)
iūglandēs (plural vocative)
jūglāns (alternative)

→ English: juglans

→ Esperanto: juglando

Translingual: Juglans

[ˈjuː.ɡɫãːs]

A univerbation of Iovis glāns (“Jupiter's acorn”), from Proto-Italic *djouglānts. The compound is of Proto-Indo-European date, with parallels in Ancient Greek Διὸς βάλανος (Diòs bálanos, “sweet chestnut”), Armenian տկողին (tkoġin).


pistacium

pistacium n (genitive pistaciī or pistacī); second declension

pistaciī (genitive)
pistacī (genitive)
pistacium (nominative singular)
pistacia (nominative plural)
pistaciī (genitive singular)
pistacī (genitive singular)
pistaciōrum (genitive plural)
pistaciō (dative singular)
pistaciīs (dative plural)
pistacium (accusative singular)
pistacia (accusative plural)
pistaciō (ablative singular)
pistaciīs (ablative plural)
pistacium (singular vocative)
pistacia (plural vocative)

→ Czech: pistácie

→ Danish: pistacie

→ Estonian: pistaatsia

→ German: Pistazie

→ Hungarian: pisztácia

→ Icelandic: pistasía

→ Italian: pistacchio (see there for further descendants)

→ Latvian: pistācija

→ Lower Sorbian: pistacija

→ Norwegian: pistasie

→ Old French: pistace

French: pistache (see there for further descendants)

→ Polish: pistacja

→ Portuguese: pistácio, pistácia

Romansch: pistazia

→ Slovene: pistacija

→ Upper Sorbian: pistacija

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πιστᾰ́κιον (pistắkion). See also πιστάκη (pistákē).


arachis

arachis f (genitive arachidis); third declension

arachidis (genitive)
arachis (nominative singular)
arachidēs (nominative plural)
arachidis (genitive singular)
arachidum (genitive plural)
arachidī (dative singular)
arachidibus (dative plural)
arachidem (accusative singular)
arachidēs (accusative plural)
arachide (ablative singular)
arachidibus (ablative plural)
arachis (singular vocative)
arachidēs (plural vocative)

From the taxonomic name Arachis, coined by Linnaeus as an alteration of Ancient Greek ἄραχος (árakhos), an alternative form of ἄρακος (árakos, “chickling vetch”), and subsequently given a Greek-type inflection.