Gallia

la-proper noun

Gallia f (genitive Galliae); first declension

Galliae (genitive)
Gallia (nominative singular)
Galliae (nominative plural)
Galliae (genitive singular)
Galliārum (genitive plural)
Galliae (dative singular)
Galliīs (dative plural)
Galliam (accusative singular)
Galliās (accusative plural)
Galliā (ablative singular)
Galliīs (ablative plural)
Gallia (singular vocative)
Galliae (plural vocative)
Galliae (locative singular)
Galliīs (locative plural)

French: Jaille

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Γᾰλλῐ́ᾱ (Gallíā)
Greek: Γαλλία (Gallía)
→ Aromanian: Galii

→ Catalan: Gàl·lia

→ Finnish: Gallia

→ Italian: Gallia

→ Japanese: ガリア

→ Portuguese: Gália

→ Romanian: Galia

→ Spanish: Galia

From gallus (“a Gaul”) + -ia. The medieval application to Wales is by conflation.

(Medieval Latin) Alternative spelling of Wallia (“Wales”)


romanice

Old French: romanz
French: roman (“novel”) (see there for further descendants)
French: romand (“Swiss French”)
→ Italian: romanzo
→ Greek: ρομάντζο (romántzo)
→ Sicilian: rumanzu
→ English: romaunt (archaic)
→ Middle English: romauns, roumance
English: romance (see there for further descendants)
Scots: romans, romance
→ Middle Welsh: ramant
Welsh: rhamant

Old Occitan: romans

Catalan: romanç, romanço

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: romanço, rimanço
Portuguese: romanço

→ Portuguese: romance

or from Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">romanz</i>

→ Spanish: romance (or from Old French romanz)
→ French: romance (see there for further descendants)

Romansch: rumantsch, romontsch (see there for further descendants)

From rōmānicus + -ē. First attested in the eleventh century.


allodium

la-noun

allodium n (genitive allodiī); second declension

allodiī (genitive)
allodium (nominative singular)
allodia (nominative plural)
allodiī (genitive singular)
allodiōrum (genitive plural)
allodiō (dative singular)
allodiīs (dative plural)
allodium (accusative singular)
allodia (accusative plural)
allodiō (ablative singular)
allodiīs (ablative plural)
allodium (singular vocative)
allodia (plural vocative)

→ English: allod, allodium

→ Hungarian: allódium

→ Italian: allodio

→ Polish: alodium

→ Portuguese: alódio

→ Spanish: alodio

Borrowed from Frankish *allaaud (“allodium, patrimony”, literally “whole property”); the form allodium is predominant from the 11th century.

bor

the total property of a person, especially real property; their estate

hereditary property; property in general


incunabulum

la-noun

incūnābulum n (genitive incūnābulī); second declension

incūnābulum (canonical neuter)
incūnābulī (genitive)
incūnābulum (nominative singular)
incūnābula (nominative plural)
incūnābulī (genitive singular)
incūnābulōrum (genitive plural)
incūnābulō (dative singular)
incūnābulīs (dative plural)
incūnābulum (accusative singular)
incūnābula (accusative plural)
incūnābulō (ablative singular)
incūnābulīs (ablative plural)
incūnābulum (singular vocative)
incūnābula (plural vocative)

(Medieval Latin) Alternative form of incūnābula


Johannes

la-proper noun

Jōhannēs m sg (genitive Jōhannis); third declension

Jōhannēs (canonical masculine singular)
Jōhannis (genitive)
Jōhannēs (nominative singular)
Jōhannis (genitive singular)
Jōhannī (dative singular)
Jōhannem (accusative singular)
Jōhanne (ablative singular)
Jōhannēs (singular vocative)


carrus

la-noun

carrus m (genitive carrī); second declension

carrī (genitive)
carrus (nominative singular)
carrī (nominative plural)
carrī (genitive singular)
carrōrum (genitive plural)
carrō (dative singular)
carrīs (dative plural)
carrum (accusative singular)
carrōs (accusative plural)
carrō (ablative singular)
carrīs (ablative plural)
carre (singular vocative)
carrī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: *karr

Albanian: qerre

Albanian: kerr

→ Ancient Greek: κάρρον (kárrhon)

Aromanian: car

Asturian: carru

Catalan: carro

→ Czech: kára

→ Dutch: kar

Friulian: cjâr, cjar

→ German: Karre

Italian: carro

Occitan: car, carri, carro

desctree

→ Old Armenian: կառք (kaṙkʻ), կառ (kaṙ) — uncommon, in the singular
→ Armenian: կառք (kaṙkʻ)

Old French: char

French: char

Old French: carre
→ Middle English: carre, car, kerre
English: car (see there for further descendants)
Yola: car

Old Galician-Portuguese: carro
Fala: carru
Galician: carro
Portuguese: carro

Old Spanish: carro
Spanish: carro
→ Cebuano: karo
→ Tagalog: karo

→ Polish: kareta

→ Russian: карета (kareta)

Romagnol: car

Romanian: car, încărca

Sardinian: carru

Sicilian: carru

Venetan: car, caro, caret

→ Old Norse: kerra f
Icelandic: kerra
Faroese: kerra
Norwegian Nynorsk: kjerre; (dialectal) kjerra, kjørr, kjarra
Norwegian Bokmål: kjerre
Swedish: kärra
Danish: kærre

Borrowed from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós, zero-grade form of *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of currus.

Saccus lane debet ponderare viginti & octo petras & solebat ponderare unam summam frumenti & ponderat sextam partem unius carri de plumbo

c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:

The sack of wool ought to weigh twenty & eight stone & is accustomed to weigh one quarter of wheat & weights the sixth part of one cartload of lead.

(Medieval Latin) a load, an English unit of weight


discus

la-noun

discus m (genitive discī); second declension

discī (genitive)
discus (nominative singular)
discī (nominative plural)
discī (genitive singular)
discōrum (genitive plural)
discō (dative singular)
discīs (dative plural)
discum (accusative singular)
discōs (accusative plural)
discō (ablative singular)
discīs (ablative plural)
disce (singular vocative)
discī (plural vocative)

Old French: deis, dois

French: dais

desctree

→ Middle English: deis
English: dais
Scots: deas, deece

Old Italian: desco

Italian: desco

→ Medieval Latin: desca

→ Middle English: deske, desque

English: desk
→ Irish: deasc
→ Welsh: desg

Scots: dask

Old Occitan:

Occitan: des

Old Spanish:

Spanish: desca, desga

→ Albanian: dhisk

→ Albanian: dishkë

Albanian: dishtë

→ Asturian: discu

→ Catalan: disc

→ Danish: diskos

→ Dutch: discus

→ French: disque
→ English: disc
→ Norman: disque
→ Persian: دیسک (disk)
→ Romanian: disc
→ Turkish: disk

→ English: discus

→ Galician: disco

→ Proto-West Germanic: *disk (see there for further descendants)

→ Hebrew: דִּיסְקוּס (dískus)

→ Italian: disco

→ Portuguese: disco

→ Sicilian: discu

→ Spanish: disco
→ Basque: disko

→ Swedish: diskus

→ Middle Welsh: dyskyl

Welsh: dysgl

[ˈd̪ɪs̠kʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos).

(Medieval Latin) table, a piece of furniture with a flat surface to eat from or write upon


consul

la-noun

cōnsul m (genitive cōnsulis); third declension

cōnsul (canonical masculine)
cōnsulis (genitive)
cōnsul (nominative singular)
cōnsulēs (nominative plural)
cōnsulis (genitive singular)
cōnsulum (genitive plural)
cōnsulī (dative singular)
cōnsulibus (dative plural)
cōnsulem (accusative singular)
cōnsulēs (accusative plural)
cōnsule (ablative singular)
cōnsulibus (ablative plural)
cōnsul (singular vocative)
cōnsulēs (plural vocative)

→ Czech: konšel

desctree

→ Old English: consul
Middle English: consul, consoul
English: consul
Scots: consul

Old Francoprovençal: cóssel, cóssol, cossiel

Franco-Provençal: coússol, coússel

→ French: consul
→ Romanian: consul
→ Thai: กงสุล (gong-sǔn)
→ Turkish: konsül
→ Persian: کنسول (konsul)

→ German: Konsul

→ Italian: console

Old Occitan: cossel

Occitan: cossèl

→ Portuguese: cônsul

→ Russian: ко́нсул (kónsul), ко́нсулъ (kónsul) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Azerbaijani: konsul
→ Belarusian: ко́нсул (kónsul)
→ Crimean Tatar: konsul
→ Estonian: konsul
→ Georgian: კონსული (ḳonsuli)
→ Kazakh: консул (konsul)
→ Kyrgyz: консул (konsul)
→ Latvian: konsuls
→ Lithuanian: konsulas
→ Mongolian: консул (konsul)
→ Tajik: консул (konsul)
→ Turkmen: konsul
→ Ukrainian: ко́нсул (kónsul)
→ Uzbek: konsul

→ Sicilian: cùnzuli, cùnzulu

→ Spanish: cónsul

→ Swedish: konsul

From earlier consol. Root noun to cōnsulō.


commentator

la-noun

commentātor m (genitive commentātōris); third declension

commentātor (canonical masculine)
commentātōris (genitive)
commentātor (nominative singular)
commentātōrēs (nominative plural)
commentātōris (genitive singular)
commentātōrum (genitive plural)
commentātōrī (dative singular)
commentātōribus (dative plural)
commentātōrem (accusative singular)
commentātōrēs (accusative plural)
commentātōre (ablative singular)
commentātōribus (ablative plural)
commentātor (singular vocative)
commentātōrēs (plural vocative)

From commentor + -tor. In the medieval sense of “jailer”, from the jailer’s duty of writing commentārii (“memoranda”) with records of those held in custody.


cenit

desctree

→ Middle English: cenyth, cenith, senyth, cenit, cinit, senith (learned)
English: zenith

→ Old French: cenit m (learned)
Middle French: zenith
French: zénith

[ˈt͡ʃɛːnit̪]

From misreading earlier cemt, from Arabic سَمْت (samt, “direction, path”), from Aramaic סֵימִטָא, from Latin sēmĭta.

der

Aramaic סֵימִטָא

For quotations using this term, see Citations:cenit.

(astronomy) zenith (point in the sky vertically above a given position or observer)


blida

la-noun

blīda f (genitive blīdae); first declension

blīda (canonical feminine)
blīdae (genitive)

→ Middle Dutch: blide

Dutch: blijde

→ Middle High German: blīde

German: Blide, Bleide

→ Middle Low German: blîde

→ Danish: blide

→ Swedish: blida

According to Niermeyer, from Byzantine Greek βάλις, βάλιδος (bális, bálidos), related to Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, “I throw”). Attested in Latin since the 13th century.

bor

βάλις, βάλιδος

levatis circumquaque [apud Kenylworthe] machinis novem, que vocantur blidis, lapides jacere non cessabant, confringentes ex his domos et turres ligneas; muros et opus lapideum prosternere volentes, in nullo dampnificare poterant

before 1266, Ricardus Anglicus de Morins, Annales Prioratus de Dunstaplia, (edited by Hearne in 1733, as cited in DMLBS)

At Kenilworth, after taking nine machines called blidae (trebuchets) everywhere around, they would not stop throwing rocks, shattering houses and towers made of wood, but even though they wanted to open walls and other work made of rock, they could not damage them.


plana

la-noun

plāna f (genitive plānae); first declension

plāna (canonical feminine)
plānae (genitive)
plāna (nominative singular)
plānae (nominative plural)
plānae (genitive singular)
plānārum (genitive plural)
plānae (dative singular)
plānīs (dative plural)
plānam (accusative singular)
plānās (accusative plural)
plānā (ablative singular)
plānīs (ablative plural)
plāna (singular vocative)
plānae (plural vocative)

plāna

Bresciano: piona

Catalan: plana

Comasco: piana, piona

Old French: plaine

→ Middle English: plaine, plaine

English: plane

→ Irish: plána

Friulian: plana

Istriot: spiana

Ladin: plana

Lombard: piana

Neapolitan: chiana

Sardinian: prana

Piedmontese: piana

Portuguese: plaina

Old Occitan: plana

Sicilian: chiana

Spanish: llana, plana

Trentino: piona

Venetan: piana

Veronese: piona

→ Greek: πλάνη (pláni)

*plānea

Northern Italian: piagna

→ Greek: πλάνια (plánia)

→ Ottoman Turkish: پلانیه (planya)

Turkish: planya

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бла̏ња

Latin script: blȁnja

Italian: pialla

Habet desuper solarium curticulam similiter tunimo interclusam, pomerium contiguum, diversi generis arborum pemorosum; infra vivarium cum piscibus I. hortum bene compositum I. vestimenta ad lectum parandum I. drappos ad discum parandum I. toaclam I. Utensilia, concas aereas II. pocularem I. baccinum I. caldaria aerea II. ferrum I. sartaginem I. cramalium I. andedam I. terebros II. scalprum I. asciam I. runcinam I. planam I. falces II. falciolas III. fussoria II. palas ferro paratas II. Utensilia lignea sufficienter.

c. 800, “Caroli Magni Breviarium rerum fiscalinum”, in Julius Ludwig Ideler, editor, Leben und Wandel Karls des Großen. Einleitung, Urschrift, Erläuterung, Urkundensammlung, in zwei Bänden, volume 2, published 1839, page 239 l. 6:

(Late Latin, Medieval Latin) smoothing plane


ruga

rūga f (genitive rūgae); first declension

rūga (canonical feminine)
rūgae (genitive)
rūga (nominative singular)
rūgae (nominative plural)
rūgae (genitive singular)
rūgārum (genitive plural)
rūgae (dative singular)
rūgīs (dative plural)
rūgam (accusative singular)
rūgās (accusative plural)
rūgā (ablative singular)
rūgīs (ablative plural)
rūga (singular vocative)
rūgae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: arugã

Catalan: arruga, ruga, rua

→ English: ruga

→ Italian: ruga

Old French: rue

French: rue

Norman: rue

desctree

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rua
Galician: rúa
Portuguese: rua

Old Occitan:

Occitan: rua

Old Spanish: rua

Spanish: rúa

Piedmontese: rùa

→ Portuguese: ruga

→ Spanish: ruga

→ Venetan: ruga

→ Albanian: rrugë

de:Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik

From Proto-Italic *rougā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roug-h₂- (“wrinkle”), related to *h₁rewg- (“to roar, belch”), where the sense development would be "to belch" → "to undulate" → "to be rugged" → "crease, wrinkle". Compare ructo (“I belch, bring up noisily”).

José A[ntonio] Pascual
w:José Antonio Pascual

w:Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico


notorius

la-adj

nōtōrius (feminine nōtōria, neuter nōtōrium); first/second-declension adjective

nōtōrius (canonical)
nōtōria (feminine)
nōtōrium (neuter)
nōtōrius (masculine nominative singular)
nōtōria (feminine nominative singular)
nōtōrium (neuter nominative singular)
nōtōriī (masculine nominative plural)
nōtōriae (feminine nominative plural)
nōtōria (neuter nominative plural)
nōtōriī (genitive masculine singular)
nōtōriae (feminine genitive singular)
nōtōriī (genitive neuter singular)
nōtōriōrum (genitive masculine plural)
nōtōriārum (feminine genitive plural)
nōtōriōrum (genitive neuter plural)
nōtōriō (dative masculine singular)
nōtōriae (dative feminine singular)
nōtōriō (dative neuter singular)
nōtōriīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nōtōrium (accusative masculine singular)
nōtōriam (accusative feminine singular)
nōtōrium (accusative neuter singular)
nōtōriōs (accusative masculine plural)
nōtōriās (accusative feminine plural)
nōtōria (accusative neuter plural)
nōtōriō (ablative masculine singular)
nōtōriā (ablative feminine singular)
nōtōriō (ablative neuter singular)
nōtōriīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
nōtōrie (masculine singular vocative)
nōtōria (feminine singular vocative)
nōtōrium (neuter singular vocative)
nōtōriī (masculine plural vocative)
nōtōriae (feminine plural vocative)
nōtōria (neuter plural vocative)

→ English: notorious

→ Italian: notorio

→ Old French: notoire

→ Middle English: notoire

English: notoire

Middle French: notoire

French: notoire

→ Piedmontese: notòri

→ Portuguese: notório

→ Romanian: notoriu

→ Spanish: notorio

From nōtus (“known, recognized; familiar, widely known; famous, well-known; infamous”) + -tōrius (suffix forming adjectives).

(Medieval Latin) evident, known; well-known


ens

la-noun

ēns n (genitive entis); third declension

ēns (canonical neuter)
entis (genitive)
ēns (nominative singular)
entia (nominative plural)
entis (genitive singular)
entium (genitive plural)
entī (dative singular)
entibus (dative plural)
ēns (accusative singular)
entia (accusative plural)
entī (ablative singular)
entibus (ablative plural)
ēns (singular vocative)
entia (plural vocative)

Albanian: ent

Italian: ente

Portuguese: ente

Spanish: ente

Formed as a present participle of sum (“to be”) in Medieval Latin (and therefore unknown in the Classical period) by using the bare present participial ending -ēns of second and third conjugation verbs, as an analogy to the Ancient Greek present participle ὤν (ṓn) which falsely appears to be the same bare suffix but etymologically corresponds to sōns, both from *h₁es- (“to be”). See also essentia for a similar formation.
The original present participle sōns had taken on the meaning "guilty" in the Classical period, but the still productive combining form -sēns present in the verbs absum (absēns (“absent”)) and praesum (praesēns (“present”)) was ignored in creating this form.

13th c., Boetius of Dacia
Ens autem aeternum nullum sequitur in duratione; ergo mundus non est aeternus.

Nothing follows the Eternal Being (God) in duration; therefore, the world isn't eternal.


ambrum

ambrum n sg (genitive ambrī); second declension

ambrī (genitive)
ambrum (nominative singular)
ambrī (genitive singular)
ambrō (dative singular)
ambrum (accusative singular)
ambrō (ablative singular)
ambrum (singular vocative)

First appearing in medieval Latin; probably derived from classical Latin ambrosia.


ambra grisea

ambra grisea f sg (genitive ambrae griseae); first declension

ambrae griseae (genitive)
ambra grisea (nominative singular)
ambrae griseae (genitive singular)
ambrae griseae (dative singular)
ambram griseam (accusative singular)
ambrā griseā (ablative singular)
ambra grisea (singular vocative)

Probably derived from Classical Latin ambrosia. The term literally means "grey amber", to distinguish it from the amber stone, which is yellow to brown.


cilium

cilium n (genitive ciliī or cilī); second declension

ciliī (genitive)
cilī (genitive)
cilium (nominative singular)
cilia (nominative plural)
ciliī (genitive singular)
cilī (genitive singular)
ciliōrum (genitive plural)
ciliō (dative singular)
ciliīs (dative plural)
cilium (accusative singular)
cilia (accusative plural)
ciliō (ablative singular)
ciliīs (ablative plural)
cilium (singular vocative)
cilia (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

čeja

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ciglio

Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza

North Italian:

Friulian: cee

Istriot: sia

Lombard: zida

>? Piedmontese: sign

Romagnol: zida

Romansch: tschegl

Venetan: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: cella

Old French: cil, cille

French: cil

Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: cella

Asturian: ceya

Galician: cella

Portuguese: celha

Spanish: ceja, cejo

Borrowings:

→ English: cilium

→ Ido: cilio

→ Portuguese: cílio

→ Romanian: ciliu

→ Spanish: cilio

→ Swedish: cilie

From Proto-Italic *keljom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Alternatively compare Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kúlā, “the parts under the eyes”) (though Beekes doubts this connection and derives the latter from Pre-Greek).

cog

(Medieval Latin, usually in the plural) eyelash


marca

la-noun

marca f (genitive marcae); first declension

marcae (genitive)
marca (nominative singular)
marcae (nominative plural)
marcae (genitive singular)
marcārum (genitive plural)
marcae (dative singular)
marcīs (dative plural)
marcam (accusative singular)
marcās (accusative plural)
marcā (ablative singular)
marcīs (ablative plural)
marca (singular vocative)
marcae (plural vocative)

Boston
Brill
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
Leiden

desctree

Old French: marche, marchee, march, marce, merche
Middle French: marche, marce
French: marche
→ Middle English: marche
English: march

Iberian:

Old Galician-Portuguese: marca

Portuguese: marca

Galician: marca

Spanish: marca

East Iberian:

Old Occitan: marca

Catalan: marca

Occitan: marca

Italian: marca

Sicilian: marca

Borrowed from Frankish *marku (“boundary, border”).

(Medieval Latin) boundary-mark, boundary, limit

(Medieval Latin) march, borderland governed by a margrave


marca

(Medieval Latin) Alternative form of merx (“seized goods”)


ambra

la-noun

ambra f sg (genitive ambrae); first declension

ambrae (genitive)
ambra (nominative singular)
ambrae (genitive singular)
ambrae (dative singular)
ambram (accusative singular)
ambrā (ablative singular)
ambra (singular vocative)

From Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian ʾmbl (ambar, “ambergris”).


festa

la-noun

fēsta f (genitive fēstae); first declension

fēsta (canonical feminine)
fēstae (genitive)
fēsta (nominative singular)
fēstae (nominative plural)
fēstae (genitive singular)
fēstārum (genitive plural)
fēstae (dative singular)
fēstīs (dative plural)
fēstam (accusative singular)
fēstās (accusative plural)
fēstā (ablative singular)
fēstīs (ablative plural)
fēsta (singular vocative)
fēstae (plural vocative)

From the plural of fēstum. See main entry there for more.

[ˈfeːs̠t̪äː]


fusta

fūsta f (genitive fūstae); first declension

fūsta (canonical feminine)
fūstae (genitive)
fūsta (nominative singular)
fūstae (nominative plural)
fūstae (genitive singular)
fūstārum (genitive plural)
fūstae (dative singular)
fūstīs (dative plural)
fūstam (accusative singular)
fūstās (accusative plural)
fūstā (ablative singular)
fūstīs (ablative plural)
fūsta (singular vocative)
fūstae (plural vocative)

Catalan: fusta

Occitan: fusta

Portuguese: fusta

→ English: fust

Spanish: fusta

Medieval Latin; from fustis (“cudgel, staff”).


tenda

Aromanian: tendã

Asturian: tienda

Catalan: tenda

>? French: tente (or from *tenta)

Friulian: tinde

Galician: tenda

Italian: tenda

Leonese: tienda

Occitan: tenda

Portuguese: tenda

Romanian: tindă

Spanish: tienda

From contraction of a Vulgar Latin *tendita, feminine of *tenditus, as a variant form of tentus, possibly as a substantivation of [tela] tenta (“stretched cloth”).

(Late Latin, Early Medieval Latin) area covered by cloth or awning, such as a tent


charta

charta f (genitive chartae); first declension

chartae (genitive)
charta (nominative singular)
chartae (nominative plural)
chartae (genitive singular)
chartārum (genitive plural)
chartae (dative singular)
chartīs (dative plural)
chartam (accusative singular)
chartās (accusative plural)
chartā (ablative singular)
chartīs (ablative plural)
charta (singular vocative)
chartae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: carti

Romanian: carte

Gallo-Italic:

Piedmontese: carta

Romagnol: chêrta (Ville Unite)

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: carta

Italian: carta (see there for further descendants)

Sicilian: carta

Old Occitan: carta

Catalan: carta

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: cjarte

Romansch: charta

West Iberian

Asturian: carta

Old Galician-Portuguese: carta

Galician: carta

Portuguese: carta (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: carta (see there for further descendants)

→ Albanian: kartë

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: kartenn

Cornish: carten

Welsh: carden

→ Czech: charta

→ German: Charta

→ Kashubian: kôrta

→ Livonian: kōrtõz

→ Old French: carte

French: carte (see there for further descendants)

Norman: carte

→ Breton: karta

→ Irish: cárta

→ Middle Dutch: cāerte

Dutch: kaart

→ Middle English: carde

English: card (see there for further descendants)

Scots: cairt

→ Middle High German: karte

German: Karte (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Kaart

Mòcheno: kòrt

Yiddish: קאָרט (kort)

→ Middle Low German: kort

Plautdietsch: Koat

→ Old Norse: kort

Danish: kort

→ Swedish: kort
→ Finnish: kortti

Faroese: kort

Icelandic: kort

Norwegian Bokmål: kort

desctree

Swedish: karta, charta (obsolete)
→ Finnish: kartta
→ Northern Sami: gárta

→ Old English: carte

Middle English: carte

→ Old High German: kerza, charza (or from cērāta)

Middle High German: kerze

Cimbrian: khéertza

German: Kerze

Luxembourgish: Käerz

→ Middle Dutch: kerse (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ Latin: chartula

Old French: chartre (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “paper”), with a change to the feminine gender.


scissor

la-noun

scissor m (genitive scissōris); third declension

scissōris (genitive)
scissor (nominative singular)
scissōrēs (nominative plural)
scissōris (genitive singular)
scissōrum (genitive plural)
scissōrī (dative singular)
scissōribus (dative plural)
scissōrem (accusative singular)
scissōrēs (accusative plural)
scissōre (ablative singular)
scissōribus (ablative plural)
scissor (singular vocative)
scissōrēs (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠kɪs̠ːɔr]

From scindō (“I cut, tear”) (supine scissum) + -tor (“-er”, agent noun suffix).

af

supine <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">scissum</i>


wita

la-noun

wīta f (genitive wītae); first declension

wīta (canonical feminine)
wītae (genitive)
wīta (nominative singular)
wītae (nominative plural)
wītae (genitive singular)
wītārum (genitive plural)
wītae (dative singular)
wītīs (dative plural)
wītam (accusative singular)
wītās (accusative plural)
wītā (ablative singular)
wītīs (ablative plural)
wīta (singular vocative)
wītae (plural vocative)

a fine, an amercement, a mulct (a pecuniary penalty)


capa

capa f (genitive capae); first declension

capae (genitive)
capa (nominative singular)
capae (nominative plural)
capae (genitive singular)
capārum (genitive plural)
capae (dative singular)
capīs (dative plural)
capam (accusative singular)
capās (accusative plural)
capā (ablative singular)
capīs (ablative plural)
capa (singular vocative)
capae (plural vocative)

(Medieval Latin) Alternative form of cappa


medus

mēdus m (genitive mēdī); second declension

mēdus (canonical masculine)
mēdī (genitive)
mēdus (nominative singular)
mēdī (nominative plural)
mēdī (genitive singular)
mēdōrum (genitive plural)
mēdō (dative singular)
mēdīs (dative plural)
mēdum (accusative singular)
mēdōs (accusative plural)
mēdō (ablative singular)
mēdīs (ablative plural)
mēde (singular vocative)
mēdī (plural vocative)

From a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *meduz, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.


cardo

cardō m (genitive cardinis); third declension

cardō (canonical masculine)
cardinis (genitive)
cardō (nominative singular)
cardinēs (nominative plural)
cardinis (genitive singular)
cardinum (genitive plural)
cardinī (dative singular)
cardinibus (dative plural)
cardinem (accusative singular)
cardinēs (accusative plural)
cardine (ablative singular)
cardinibus (ablative plural)
cardō (singular vocative)
cardinēs (plural vocative)

French: carne, charnière

Italian: cardine, cardo

Spanish: cárdine

English: cardinal

Uncertain. Traditionally related to Ancient Greek κράδη (krádē, “twig, spray; swing, crane in the drama”), but unlikely as the concordant sense of swing is metaphorical and likely too recent. Or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing, jump”) and so cognate with Proto-Germanic *herzô (“bar, pivot, hinge”) (whence English har (“hinge”)). Compare in any case Old High German scerdo (“hinge”).

cog

Prīma diēs tibi, Carnā, datur. dea cardinis haec est:
nūmine clausa aperit, claudit aperta suō.
The first day [of June] is being given to you, Carna. This is the goddess of the hinge: by her divine power she opens the closed, [and] closes the opened.
(Ovid conflates the June festival of the goddess Carna with the mythology of Cardea; see also Janus and Hinge.)

(figuratively) the symbolism of the hinge in ancient Roman religion and myth


spina

la-noun

spīna f (genitive spīnae); first declension

spīna (canonical feminine)
spīnae (genitive)
spīna (nominative singular)
spīnae (nominative plural)
spīnae (genitive singular)
spīnārum (genitive plural)
spīnae (dative singular)
spīnīs (dative plural)
spīnam (accusative singular)
spīnās (accusative plural)
spīnā (ablative singular)
spīnīs (ablative plural)
spīna (singular vocative)
spīnae (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: èpena

Italo-Dalmatian

Dalmatian: spaina

Italian: spina

Neapolitan: spina

Sicilian: spina

desctree

Old French: espine
Champenois: épingne
Middle French: espine
French: épine
→ Middle English: spyne
English: spine

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: espina

Occitan: espina

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: spine

Romansch: spina, spegna

Sardinian:

Campidanese: spina

Logudorese: ispina

Venetan: spina

West Iberian

Asturian: espina

Old Galician-Portuguese: espinha
Galician: espiña
Portuguese: espinha

Spanish: espina

→ Albanian: shpinë

→ Middle Irish: spín

Irish: spíon

Scottish Gaelic: spìon

→ Middle English: spyne, spine, spin, spyn, spina (learned)
English: spine

→ Polish: spina (learned) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”).

der

Iter pigrōrum quasi sēpēs spīnārum; via iūstōrum absque offendiculō.
The way of the slothful is as a hedge of thorns; the way of the just is without offence.
(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

(Classical Latin, Medieval Latin) thorns, difficulties, subtleties, perplexities in speaking and debating


Ungari

la-proper noun

Ungarī m pl (genitive Ungarōrum); second declension

Ungarī (canonical masculine plural)
Ungarōrum (genitive)
Ungarī (nominative plural)
Ungarōrum (genitive plural)
Ungarīs (dative plural)
Ungarōs (accusative plural)
Ungarīs (ablative plural)
Ungarī (plural vocative)

From Turkic, the name of the Eurasian Onoğurs. More at Proto-Slavic *ǫgъrinъ, and see Name of Hungary on Wikipedia.


bato

la-verb

batō (present infinitive batāre, perfect active batāvī, supine batātum); first conjugation

batō (canonical)
batāre (infinitive present)
batāvī (active perfect)
batātum (supine)
batō (active first-person indicative present singular)
batās (active indicative present second-person singular)
batat (active indicative present singular third-person)
batāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
batātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
batant (active indicative plural present third-person)
batābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
batābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
batābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
batābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
batābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
batābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
batābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
batābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
batābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
batābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
batābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
batābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
batāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
batāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
batāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
batāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
batāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
batāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
batāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
batāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
batāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
batāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
batāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
batāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
batāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
batāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
batāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
batāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
batāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
batāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
batāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
bator (first-person indicative passive present singular)
batāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
batāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
batātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
batāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
batāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
batantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
batābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
batābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
batābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
batābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
batābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
batābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
batābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
batābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
batāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
batābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
batābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
batābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
batābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
batābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
batem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
batēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
batet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
batēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
batētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
batent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
batārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
batārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
batāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
batārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
batārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
batārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
batāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
batāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
batāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
batāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
batāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
batāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
batāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
batāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
batāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
batāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
batāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
batāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bater (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
batēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
batēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
batētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
batēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
batēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
batentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
batārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
batārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
batārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
batārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
batārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
batārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
batārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
batā (active imperative present second-person singular)
batāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
batātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
batātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
batātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
batantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
batāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
batāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
batātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
batātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
batantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
batāre (active infinitive present)
batāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
batātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
batārī (infinitive passive present)
batātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
batātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
batāns (active participle present)
batātūrus (active future participle)
batātus (participle passive perfect)
batandus (future participle passive)
batandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
batandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
batandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
batandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
batātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
batātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Catalan: badar

Old French: beer (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: badar

Occitan: badar

Italian: badare

Romagnol: abadêr

Vulgar Latin: *exbatāre

Catalan: esbadar

Old French: esbaer, esbahir (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: esbadar

Unknown; possibly of onomatopoeic origin.
Documented in a glossary from the late eighth century, which translates batat (“yawns”) as the Anglo-Saxon ginath (= Old English ġinaþ).


baro

la-noun

barō m (genitive barōnis); third declension

barō (canonical masculine)
barōnis (genitive)
barō (nominative singular)
barōnēs (nominative plural)
barōnis (genitive singular)
barōnum (genitive plural)
barōnī (dative singular)
barōnibus (dative plural)
barōnem (accusative singular)
barōnēs (accusative plural)
barōne (ablative singular)
barōnibus (ablative plural)
barō (singular vocative)
barōnēs (plural vocative)

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: baró

Occitan: baron

Old French: baron (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: baron, varon
Galician: varón
Portuguese: varão

Old Spanish: baron, varon
Spanish: varón, barón

Borrowings:

→ Hungarian: báró (directly?)

From Proto-West Germanic *barō, although a Celtic origin has also been proposed. See baron for more. Possibly attested as early as AD 97–105.

lingua gallorum barones vel varones dicuntur servi militum

Probably 4th–9th c. AD, Commentum Cornuti 5.138

In the parlance of the Gauls, the servants of soldiers are called barones or varones.

(Late Latin, Early Medieval Latin) soldier's servant

si quis ex baronibus nostris ad nos voluerit venire securus veniat

Should any of our barones[?] wish to come to us, let him do so safely...

et in insola ipsa mancipios tres et parones quattuor ista omnia ad ipsum monasterium superius nominatum tradimus

...as well as three slaves and four serfs on the island. We donate all this to the aforementioned monastery...

(Medieval Latin, in the plural) the notables (of a kingdom, country, or city)


manu militari

Literally, “with a soldierly hand” or “by military power”, see manus.

Nam sicut imperatoris optimi provisione cuncta manu militari loca adversus hostilem muniuntur adventum […]

c. 672 CE – 735 CE, Bede, In Evangelium Lucae 1.2.5

For in this way, by the precaution of the greatest general, all places are secured by force of arms against enemy approach […]

[…] animo fixum tenere, ut leges ecclesiasticas manu militari debellaret […]

1081, Lambert of Hersfeld, Annales a. 1077

[…] to hold firm his spirit that he should vanquish the laws of the Church by force of arms […]

Suprematum ergo illi tribuo qui non tantum domi subditos manu militari regit, sed et qui exercitum extra fines ducere, et armis, foederibus, legationibus, ac caeteris juris gentium functionibus aliquid momenti ad rerum Europae generalium summam conferre potest.

1682, Caesarinus Fürstenerius [Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz], De jure suprematus ac legationis principum Germaniae, front matter:

Thus I consider supremacy to pertain to him who not only rules over his domestic subjects by force of arms, but can lead an army beyond his borders, and can direct wars, pacts, embassies and the other offices of importance in the law of peoples at the summit of European affairs.


ly

Ultimately from Latin ille, probably reborrowed from a vernacular Romance language.

13th c., Thomas Aquinas, Scriptum super Sententiis
Quia ly "se" potest esse ablativi casus...

Since the "se" can be in the ablative case...

the (only in very specific circumstances)


Edom

→ English: Edom

Via Koine Greek Ἐδώμ (Edṓm) from Biblical Hebrew אֱדוֹם (ʾĔḏōm).

Hae sunt autem generationes Esau, ipse est Edom

And these are the generations of Esau, the same is Edom

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Edom; a sobriquet of Esau in the Hebrew Bible


virga

la-noun

virga f (genitive virgae); first declension

virgae (genitive)
virga (nominative singular)
virgae (nominative plural)
virgae (genitive singular)
virgārum (genitive plural)
virgae (dative singular)
virgīs (dative plural)
virgam (accusative singular)
virgās (accusative plural)
virgā (ablative singular)
virgīs (ablative plural)
virga (singular vocative)
virgae (plural vocative)

Ancient Greek: βέργαι (bérgai)

Aromanian: veargã

Asturian: verga

Catalan: verga

English: virga

Galician: verga

Greek: βέργα (vérga)

Hungarian: virgács

Istriot: virga

Italian: verga

Megleno-Romanian: veargă

Norman: vèrgue

→ French: vergue

Occitan: vèrga

Old French: verge

→ English: verge

French: verge

Piedmontese: verga, vërga

Portuguese: verga, virga

Romanian: vargă

Sicilian: vìriga, vìrija

Spanish: verga

From Proto-Italic *wizgā, probably from Proto-Indo-European *wisgeh₂ (“flexible rod or stick”). Possibly cognate with Proto-Germanic *wiskaz (“bundle of hay or straw, wisp”). The Proto-Indo-European term is sometimes taken as an extension of Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to produce, procreate”), or alternatively from a stem *weyḱs- (see *weyḱ-). Regardless, it is probably a doublet of viscum.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*weyḱ-</i>)

sunt etiam singularia in medio constituta ne in unam partem praeiudicialiter vergentia alteram competenti decore nudarent: nasus, os, guttur, pectus, umbilicus, et genitalium virga descendens, quae laudabilia et honora monstrantur quando in medio locata consistunt.

These [body parts] are one by one placed in the middle, because if they converged to the same place, one would deprive the honour of another part. The nose, mouth, throat, chest, navel, and the rod of the genitals show their merit and excellence by being placed in the middle.

(figuratively, Late Latin, Medieval Latin) penis


staca

la-noun

staca f (genitive stacae); first declension

stacae (genitive)
staca (nominative singular)
stacae (nominative plural)
stacae (genitive singular)
stacārum (genitive plural)
stacae (dative singular)
stacīs (dative plural)
stacam (accusative singular)
stacās (accusative plural)
stacā (ablative singular)
stacīs (ablative plural)
staca (singular vocative)
stacae (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: estache, estake, estage
Middle French: estache, estaque
French: estache, estaque
Norman: étac (Guernesiais)
→ Middle English: stache, stage

Iberian:

Aragonese: estaca

Old Galician-Portuguese: estaca

Galician: estaca

Portuguese: estaca

Spanish: estaca

Italian: stacca

Old Occitan: estaca

Catalan: estaca

Occitan: estaca

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stakô (“a stake”), either via Gothic *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌰 (*staka) or Frankish *staka. See stake.


hama

la-noun

hama f (genitive hamae); first declension

hamae (genitive)
hama (nominative singular)
hamae (nominative plural)
hamae (genitive singular)
hamārum (genitive plural)
hamae (dative singular)
hamīs (dative plural)
hamam (accusative singular)
hamās (accusative plural)
hamā (ablative singular)
hamīs (ablative plural)
hama (singular vocative)
hamae (plural vocative)

→ Middle Dutch: ame, aem

desctree

Dutch: aam
→ English: aam
→ Russian: аа́м (aám)
→? Old Swedish: aam
→ Finnish: aami

Afrikaans: aam

→ Middle Low German: ame, am

→ Estonian: aam

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́μη (ámē).

(Medieval Latin) a vessel for holding wine

a vessel for holding wine
a wine-cup, a goblet

(by extension) a general measure of other liquids

a vessel for holding wine
a measure of wine
a general measure of other liquids


aedifico

la-verb

aedificō (present infinitive aedificāre, perfect active aedificāvī, supine aedificātum); first conjugation

aedificō (canonical)
aedificāre (infinitive present)
aedificāvī (active perfect)
aedificātum (supine)
aedificō (active first-person indicative present singular)
aedificās (active indicative present second-person singular)
aedificat (active indicative present singular third-person)
aedificāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
aedificātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
aedificant (active indicative plural present third-person)
aedificābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
aedificābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
aedificābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
aedificābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
aedificābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
aedificābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
aedificābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
aedificābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
aedificābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
aedificābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
aedificābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
aedificābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
aedificāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
aedificāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
aedificāstī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
aedificāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
aedificāt (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
aedificāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
aedificāmus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
aedificāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
aedificāstis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
aedificāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
aedificāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
aedificārunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
aedificāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
aedificāram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
aedificāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
aedificārās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
aedificāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
aedificārat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
aedificāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
aedificārāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
aedificāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
aedificārātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
aedificāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
aedificārant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
aedificāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
aedificārō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
aedificāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
aedificāris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
aedificāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
aedificārit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
aedificāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
aedificārimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
aedificāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
aedificāritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
aedificāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
aedificārint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
aedificor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
aedificāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
aedificāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
aedificātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
aedificāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
aedificāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
aedificantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
aedificābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
aedificābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
aedificābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
aedificābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
aedificābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
aedificābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
aedificābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
aedificābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
aedificāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
aedificābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
aedificābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
aedificābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
aedificābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
aedificābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
aedificem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
aedificēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
aedificēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
aedificētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
aedificent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
aedificārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
aedificārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
aedificārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
aedificārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
aedificārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aedificāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
aedificārim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
aedificāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificārīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
aedificārit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
aedificāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
aedificārīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
aedificāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
aedificārītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
aedificāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aedificārint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aedificāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
aedificāssem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
aedificāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificāssēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
aedificāsset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
aedificāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
aedificāssēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
aedificāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
aedificāssētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
aedificāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aedificāssent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
aedificer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
aedificēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
aedificēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
aedificēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
aedificentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
aedificārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
aedificārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aedificārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aedificārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
aedificārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aedificārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aedificā (active imperative present second-person singular)
aedificāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
aedificātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
aedificātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
aedificātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
aedificantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
aedificāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
aedificāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
aedificātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
aedificātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
aedificantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
aedificāre (active infinitive present)
aedificāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
aedificāsse (active infinitive perfect)
aedificātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
aedificārī (infinitive passive present)
aedificātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
aedificātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
aedificāns (active participle present)
aedificātūrus (active future participle)
aedificātus (participle passive perfect)
aedificandus (future participle passive)
aedificandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
aedificandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
aedificandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
aedificandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
aedificātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
aedificātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Inherited:

Old French:

Zarphatic: eigier

Portuguese: eiviguar

Semi-learned borrowings:

Navarro-Aragonese: eificare

Old Leonese: edivigare

Learned borrowings:

→ Catalan: edificar

→ Old French: edefier, edifier

Middle French: edifier

French: édifier

→ Middle English: edifien

English: edify

→ Old Occitan: edifiar

Occitan: edifiar

→ Italian: edificare

→ Old Occitan: edificar

Occitan: edificar

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: edificar

Portuguese: edificar

→ Old Spanish: edificar

Spanish: edificar

→ Romanian: edifica

[äe̯ˈd̪ɪfɪkoː]

Sapiēns mulier aedificāvit domum suam: īnsipiēns īnstrūctam quoque dēstruet manibus.

A wise woman buildeth her house: but the foolish will pull down with her hands that also which is built. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

(Medieval Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) (figuratively) to "build" a life, to live in a morally good or prudent manner


talcum

la-noun

talcum n (genitive talcī); second declension

talcī (genitive)
talcum (nominative singular)
talca (nominative plural)
talcī (genitive singular)
talcōrum (genitive plural)
talcō (dative singular)
talcīs (dative plural)
talcum (accusative singular)
talca (accusative plural)
talcō (ablative singular)
talcīs (ablative plural)
talcum (singular vocative)
talca (plural vocative)

English: talcum

[ˈt̪äɫ̪kʊ̃ˑ]

From Arabic طَلْق (ṭalq), from Persian تلک (talk).


entitas

entitās f (genitive entitātis); third declension

entitās (canonical feminine)
entitātis (genitive)
entitās (nominative singular)
entitātēs (nominative plural)
entitātis (genitive singular)
entitātum (genitive plural)
entitātī (dative singular)
entitātibus (dative plural)
entitātem (accusative singular)
entitātēs (accusative plural)
entitāte (ablative singular)
entitātibus (ablative plural)
entitās (singular vocative)
entitātēs (plural vocative)

→ Asturian: entidá

→ Catalan: entitat

→ Czech: entita

→ English: entity

→ Finnish: entiteetti

→ French: entité

→ Galician: entidade

→ German: Entität

→ Italian: entità

→ Portuguese: entidade

→ Romanian: entitate

→? Serbo-Croatian: entìtēt, ентѝте̄т

→ Spanish: entidad

[ˈɛn̪t̪ɪt̪äːs̠]

ēns (“being”, stem: ent-) + -tās; compare essentia

suffix

stem: <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">ent-</i>


rocca

la-noun

rocca f (genitive roccae); first declension

roccae (genitive)
rocca (nominative singular)
roccae (nominative plural)
roccae (genitive singular)
roccārum (genitive plural)
roccae (dative singular)
roccīs (dative plural)
roccam (accusative singular)
roccās (accusative plural)
roccā (ablative singular)
roccīs (ablative plural)
rocca (singular vocative)
roccae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

⇒? Aromanian: arocut

Italo-Romance:

Italian: rocca

→ Sardinian: rocca

Sicilian: rocca

North Italian:

Ligurian: roca

Piedmontese: roca

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: roca

→ Portuguese: roca

→ Spanish: roca

Gascon: arròca

→? Basque: arroca

Occitan: ròca, ròcha

Old French: roche, roque (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain; seemingly from a non-Indo-European substrate. First attested in a document from France dating to AD 767.


falco

la-verb

falcō (present infinitive falcāre, perfect active falcāvī, supine falcātum); first conjugation

falcō (canonical)
falcāre (infinitive present)
falcāvī (active perfect)
falcātum (supine)

Italian: falco, falcare


ribes

→ Danish: ribs

→ Icelandic: rifs

→ German: Ribisel (see there for further descendants)

→ Italian: ribes

→ Mòcheno: ribes

→ Norwegian Bokmål: rips

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rips

→ Translingual: Ribes

From Arabic رِيبَاس (rībās, “Syrian rhubarb; currant”), from Persian ریواس (rivâs, “rhubarb”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *(h)rabā́š (“rhubarb; fennel”).


werra

la-noun

werra f (genitive werrae); first declension

werrae (genitive)
werra (nominative singular)
werrae (nominative plural)
werrae (genitive singular)
werrārum (genitive plural)
werrae (dative singular)
werrīs (dative plural)
werram (accusative singular)
werrās (accusative plural)
werrā (ablative singular)
werrīs (ablative plural)
werra (singular vocative)
werrae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: guèrra

Italian: guerra

Neapolitan: uerra

Sicilian: guerra, verra, uerra

→ Maltese: gwerra

North Italian:

Friulian: vuere

Istriot: guiera

Ladin: viera

Ligurian: goæra

Piedmontese: guèra

Romansch: uiara, veara

Venetan: guera

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: guerra

Occitan: guèrra

desctree

Old French: guerre, guere, gere, gerre, were, wiere, werre
Bourguignon: guârre, gârre, gârre
Middle French: guerre (see there for further descendants)
Norman: gùerre, dgèrre (Jersey), djère, guère (Guernsey), gyer (Sark)
Picard: guère, dgère (Nord and Pas-de-Calais), djérre (Somme and Oise)
Walloon: guere, guêre, guére, guère
→ Old English: werre, wyrre
Middle English: werre, ware, wær, weer, weorre, wer, were, werr, weyr, worre
English: war
Scots: wer, weir, war

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: guerra

Leonese: gerra

Old Galician-Portuguese: guerra
Fala: guerra
Galician: guerra
Portuguese: guerra

Old Spanish: guerra

Ladino: gerra

Spanish: guerra

→ Basque: gerra

→ Moroccan Arabic: قِرَّة (gīrra)

Vulgar Latin: *werrizāre (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Frankish *werru (“riot, quarrel”). First attested in 858 CE.

bor+

Ad hoc nuntii responderunt, quod rex Angliae ante crucem sumptam werram moverat domino Lodowico et damna multa fecerat, castra sua ceperat et adhuc milites suos et servientes incarceratos retinet, et hucusque in werra est contra dominum Lodowicum, nec pacem vel treugam cum eo habere voluit, super hoc etiam saepe requisitus.

13th century, Roger of Wendover, Flores Historiarum, a. 1216:

To this the nuncios replied that the king of England had made war on lord Louis before taking the cross, and had done much harm, had seized his castles and still retained his subject prisoners and soldiers, and was yet at war against lord Louis, and did not desire to make either peace or truce with him, even as he was frequently requested to do so.

[…] comune et homines de Sassari et districtu, quem nunc habet et in posterum acquisiverit, faciet et facient pacem, guerram et treugam cum omnibus personis, universitatibus, locis, regibus, principibus, atque dominis, ubicumque sint et quocumque nomine censeantur, cum quibus comune Ianue pacem, guerram vel treugam habet […]

1294, “Convenzione tra il Comune di Sassari, e il Comune di Genova”, in Codex diplomaticus Sardiniae, volume 1, page 519:

[…] the commune and people of Sassari and of the territory that it has now and will have acquired in future, make peace, war and truce with all persons, corporations, places, kings, princes, and lords, wherever they may be and by whatever name they are called, with which the commune of Genoa has made peace, war or truce […]


Clarissa

[kɫ̪äˈrɪs̠ːä]

From Clara + -issa (“-ess”), from Old Italian Chiara Offreduccio, St. Clare of Assisi, the founder of the order, from Latin clarus (“clear, bright”).

(Medieval Latin) Alternative letter-case form of clarissa: a member of the Order of Saint Clare.


Clarissa

→ English: Clarissa

desctree

French: Clarisse
English: Clarisse, Clarice

Italian: Clarissa

[kɫ̪äˈrɪs̠ːä]


dapifer

la-noun

dapifer m (genitive dapiferī); second declension

dapiferī (genitive)
dapifer (nominative singular)
dapiferī (nominative plural)
dapiferī (genitive singular)
dapiferōrum (genitive plural)
dapiferō (dative singular)
dapiferīs (dative plural)
dapiferum (accusative singular)
dapiferōs (accusative plural)
dapiferō (ablative singular)
dapiferīs (ablative plural)
dapifer (singular vocative)
dapiferī (plural vocative)

English: dapifer

Italian: dapifero


avaria

avaria f (genitive avariae); first declension

avariae (genitive)
avaria (nominative singular)
avariae (nominative plural)
avariae (genitive singular)
avariārum (genitive plural)
avariae (dative singular)
avariīs (dative plural)
avariam (accusative singular)
avariās (accusative plural)
avariā (ablative singular)
avariīs (ablative plural)
avaria (singular vocative)
avariae (plural vocative)

From Arabic عَوَارِيَّة (ʕawāriyya, “damaged goods”), from عَوَار (ʕawār, “fault, blemish, defect, flaw”).


halla

la-noun

halla f (genitive hallae); first declension

hallae (genitive)
halla (nominative singular)
hallae (nominative plural)
hallae (genitive singular)
hallārum (genitive plural)
hallae (dative singular)
hallīs (dative plural)
hallam (accusative singular)
hallās (accusative plural)
hallā (ablative singular)
hallīs (ablative plural)
halla (singular vocative)
hallae (plural vocative)

Old French: halle, hale

Middle French: halle

French: halle
→ Turkish: hal

Norman: halle (Jèrriais)

desctree

→ Middle English: hale
English: hale (dialectal)

Borrowed from Frankish *hallu (“large room, hall”).


gressus

la-noun

gressus m (genitive gressūs); fourth declension

gressūs (genitive)
gressus (nominative singular)
gressūs (nominative plural)
gressūs (genitive singular)
gressuum (genitive plural)
gressuī (dative singular)
gressibus (dative plural)
gressum (accusative singular)
gressūs (accusative plural)
gressū (ablative singular)
gressibus (ablative plural)
gressus (singular vocative)
gressūs (plural vocative)

[ˈɡrɛs̠ːʊs̠]

Innocēns crēdit omnī verbō: astūtus cōnsīderat gressūs suōs.
The innocent believeth every word: the discreet man considereth his steps.
(Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

(Medieval Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) (figuratively) step, move, action


ferma

ferma f (genitive fermae); first declension

fermae (genitive)
ferma (nominative singular)
fermae (nominative plural)
fermae (genitive singular)
fermārum (genitive plural)
fermae (dative singular)
fermīs (dative plural)
fermam (accusative singular)
fermās (accusative plural)
fermā (ablative singular)
fermīs (ablative plural)
ferma (singular vocative)
fermae (plural vocative)

(Medieval Latin) Alternative form of firma


canile

canīle n (genitive canīlis); third declension

canīle (canonical neuter)
canīlis (genitive)
canīle (nominative singular)
canīlia (nominative plural)
canīlis (genitive singular)
canīlium (genitive plural)
canīlī (dative singular)
canīlibus (dative plural)
canīle (accusative singular)
canīlia (accusative plural)
canīlī (ablative singular)
canīlibus (ablative plural)
canīle (singular vocative)
canīlia (plural vocative)

From canis + -īle. Compare Vulgar Latin *canīle.


canapa

canapa f (genitive canapae); first declension

canapae (genitive)
canapa (nominative singular)
canapae (nominative plural)
canapae (genitive singular)
canapārum (genitive plural)
canapae (dative singular)
canapīs (dative plural)
canapam (accusative singular)
canapās (accusative plural)
canapā (ablative singular)
canapīs (ablative plural)
canapa (singular vocative)
canapae (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: cãnipã

Megleno-Romanian: cǫnipă

Romanian: cânepă

Friulian: cjanaipe

Lombard: canav

Piedmontese: càuna, cànua

Italian: canapa

→ early Albanian: *kanëp

Gheg Albanian: kanp

Tosk Albanian: kërp

From cannabis, from Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis); see there for more.


Dania

la-proper noun

Dānia f sg (genitive Dāniae); first declension

Dānia (canonical feminine singular)
Dāniae (genitive)
Dānia (nominative singular)
Dāniae (genitive singular)
Dāniae (dative singular)
Dāniam (accusative singular)
Dāniā (ablative singular)
Dānia (singular vocative)

→ Greek: Δανία (Danía)

→ Hungarian: Dánia

→ Polish: Dania


aqua vitae

la-noun

aqua vītae f sg (genitive aquae vītae); first declension

aqua vītae (canonical feminine singular)
aquae vītae (genitive)
aqua vītae (nominative singular)
aquae vītae (genitive singular)
aquae vītae (dative singular)
aquam vītae (accusative singular)
aquā vītae (ablative singular)
aqua vītae (singular vocative)

> Romanian: apă vie (inherited)

desctree

→ Danish: akvavit
→ English: akvavit, aquavit

→ French: eau-de-vie (calque)
→ English: eau de vie

→ German: Aquavit

→ Icelandic: ákavíti

→ Italian: acquavite

→ Middle English: aqua vite
> English: aqua vitae, aqua vitæ (inherited)

→ Middle Irish: uisce betha (calque)

> Irish: uisce beatha (inherited)

desc

> Scottish Gaelic: uisge-beatha (inherited)

→ English: usquebaugh, whiskey

→ Scots: usquebae, whisky

→ Polish: akwawita

desctree

→ Polish: okowita (archaic)
→ Belarusian: акаві́та (akavíta)
→ Lithuanian: akavità
→ Ukrainian: окови́та (okovýta)

→? Romanian: apă vieții (calque)

[ˈäkʷä ˈu̯iːt̪äe̯]

From aqua (“water”) + vītae (“of life”).

(Medieval Latin) liquor, distilled alcohol


casto

la-noun

castō m (genitive castōnis); third declension

castō (canonical masculine)
castōnis (genitive)
castō (nominative singular)
castōnēs (nominative plural)
castōnis (genitive singular)
castōnum (genitive plural)
castōnī (dative singular)
castōnibus (dative plural)
castōnem (accusative singular)
castōnēs (accusative plural)
castōne (ablative singular)
castōnibus (ablative plural)
castō (singular vocative)
castōnēs (plural vocative)

desc

Old French: chastun, chaston, chestun, caston

Middle French: chaton, chaston

desctree

French: chaton
→ Catalan: xató
→ English: chaton

desc

Galician: engastoar, gastallo, engastallar

Borrowed from Frankish *kastō (“box, case”).


baga

la-noun

baga f (genitive bagae); first declension

bagae (genitive)
baga (nominative singular)
bagae (nominative plural)
bagae (genitive singular)
bagārum (genitive plural)
bagae (dative singular)
bagīs (dative plural)
bagam (accusative singular)
bagās (accusative plural)
bagā (ablative singular)
bagīs (ablative plural)
baga (singular vocative)
bagae (plural vocative)


Alanus

Alānus m (genitive Alānī, feminine Alāna); second declension

Alānus (canonical masculine)
Alānī (genitive)
Alāna (feminine)
Alānus (masculine nominative singular)
Alāna (feminine nominative singular)
Alānī (masculine nominative plural)
Alānae (feminine nominative plural)
Alānī (genitive masculine singular)
Alānae (feminine genitive singular)
Alānōrum (genitive masculine plural)
Alānārum (feminine genitive plural)
Alānō (dative masculine singular)
Alānae (dative feminine singular)
Alānīs (dative masculine plural)
Alānīs (dative feminine plural)
Alānum (accusative masculine singular)
Alānam (accusative feminine singular)
Alānōs (accusative masculine plural)
Alānās (accusative feminine plural)
Alānō (ablative masculine singular)
Alānā (ablative feminine singular)
Alānīs (ablative masculine plural)
Alānīs (ablative feminine plural)
Alāne (masculine singular vocative)
Alāna (feminine singular vocative)
Alānī (masculine plural vocative)
Alānae (feminine plural vocative)

→? Old Breton: Ala

→ English: Alan

→ French: Alain

→? Gothic: *𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐍃 (*alans)

→ Old Spanish: alan (“a dog breed”)

Spanish: alano

→ Old Occitan: alan

Catalan: alà

→ Galician: alán

→ Old French: alans, alanz

French: alain, alan

→ English: alaunt, alan, alant

→ Italian: alano

→ Portuguese: alão

→ Catalan: alà (learned)

→ Galician: alano (learned)

→ English: Alan (learned)

→ French: alain (learned)

→ Italian: alano (learned)

→ Portuguese: alano (learned)

→ Spanish: alano (learned)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀλᾱνός (Alānós), Ἀλᾱνοί (Alānoí). Perhaps renewed in Late Latin, especially in Spain in the meaning "dog breed", as a Migration Period Wanderwort, e.g. via Gothic *𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐍃 (*alans).

[äˈɫ̪äːnʊs̠]

(Medieval Latin) alaunt (an extinct hunting dog breed related to the modern bulldog and mastiff)


Alanus

la-proper noun

Alānus m (genitive Alānī, feminine Alana); second declension

Alānus (canonical masculine)
Alānī (genitive)
Alana (feminine)
Alānus (nominative singular)
Alānī (nominative plural)
Alānī (genitive singular)
Alānōrum (genitive plural)
Alānō (dative singular)
Alānīs (dative plural)
Alānum (accusative singular)
Alānōs (accusative plural)
Alānō (ablative singular)
Alānīs (ablative plural)
Alāne (singular vocative)
Alānī (plural vocative)

Unclear origin. Perhaps Latinization of a Celtic name such as Old Breton Alan, belonging to several Breton saints and borrowed as English Alan and French Alain. This could be connected with Irish ail (“noble”), or else has been borrowed by Breton from the word under Etymology 1.

[äˈɫ̪äːnʊs̠]

(Medieval Latin) a male given name, equivalent to English Alan


Erasmus

Erasmus m sg (genitive Erasmī); second declension

Erasmī (genitive)
Erasmus (nominative singular)
Erasmī (genitive singular)
Erasmō (dative singular)
Erasmum (accusative singular)
Erasmō (ablative singular)
Erasme (singular vocative)

English: Erasmus

French: Érasme

Italian: Erasmo

Portuguese: Erasmo

Spanish: Erasmo

[ɛˈräs̠mʊs̠]

From Koine Greek Ἔρασμος (Érasmos, from Ancient Greek ἐράσμιος (erásmios, “lovely, pleasant, beloved, desired”)).

der

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">ἐράσμιος</i> (erásmios, “lovely, pleasant, beloved, desired”)

(Medieval Latin) a male given name from Ancient Greek


fodero

la-verb

fōderō (present infinitive fōderāre, perfect active fōderāvī, supine fōderātum); first conjugation

fōderō (canonical)
fōderāre (infinitive present)
fōderāvī (active perfect)
fōderātum (supine)
fōderō (active first-person indicative present singular)
fōderās (active indicative present second-person singular)
fōderat (active indicative present singular third-person)
fōderāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
fōderātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
fōderant (active indicative plural present third-person)
fōderābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
fōderābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
fōderābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
fōderābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
fōderābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
fōderābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
fōderābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
fōderābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
fōderābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
fōderābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
fōderābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
fōderābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
fōderāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
fōderāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōderāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōderāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
fōderāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōderāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōderāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōderāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
fōderāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
fōderāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
fōderāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
fōderāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
fōderāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
fōderāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
fōderāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
fōderāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
fōderāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
fōderāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
fōderāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
fōderor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
fōderāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fōderāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
fōderātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
fōderāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
fōderāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
fōderantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
fōderābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
fōderābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fōderābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
fōderābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
fōderābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
fōderābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
fōderābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
fōderābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
fōderāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fōderābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
fōderābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
fōderābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
fōderābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
fōderābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
fōderem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fōderēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fōderet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fōderēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fōderētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fōderent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fōderārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
fōderārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōderāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōderārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
fōderārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōderārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōderāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
fōderāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōderāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōderāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
fōderāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōderāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōderāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
fōderāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
fōderāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
fōderāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
fōderāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
fōderāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
fōderer (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
fōderēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
fōderēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
fōderētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
fōderēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
fōderēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
fōderentur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
fōderārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
fōderārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōderārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōderārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fōderārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
fōderārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fōderārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fōderā (active imperative present second-person singular)
fōderāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
fōderātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
fōderātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
fōderātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
fōderantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
fōderāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
fōderāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
fōderātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
fōderātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
fōderantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
fōderāre (active infinitive present)
fōderāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
fōderātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
fōderārī (infinitive passive present)
fōderātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
fōderātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
fōderāns (active participle present)
fōderātūrus (active future participle)
fōderātus (participle passive perfect)
fōderandus (future participle passive)
fōderandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
fōderandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōderandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōderandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
fōderātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
fōderātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

(Medieval Latin) to submit requisitions for fodder (from someone)


coperta

la-noun

coperta f (genitive copertae); first declension

copertae (genitive)
coperta (nominative singular)
copertae (nominative plural)
copertae (genitive singular)
copertārum (genitive plural)
copertae (dative singular)
copertīs (dative plural)
copertam (accusative singular)
copertās (accusative plural)
copertā (ablative singular)
copertīs (ablative plural)
coperta (singular vocative)
copertae (plural vocative)


parentela

parentēla f (genitive parentēlae); first declension

parentēla (canonical feminine)
parentēlae (genitive)
parentēla (nominative singular)
parentēlae (nominative plural)
parentēlae (genitive singular)
parentēlārum (genitive plural)
parentēlae (dative singular)
parentēlīs (dative plural)
parentēlam (accusative singular)
parentēlās (accusative plural)
parentēlā (ablative singular)
parentēlīs (ablative plural)
parentēla (singular vocative)
parentēlae (plural vocative)

homuncionem exilis staturae, despicabilis parentelae

1125, William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum 263.28

a little man of small stature, of lowly kin


abundo

la-verb

abundō (present infinitive abundāre, perfect active abundāvī, supine abundātum); first conjugation, no passive

abundō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
abundāre (infinitive present)
abundāvī (active perfect)
abundātum (supine)
abundō (active first-person indicative present singular)
abundās (active indicative present second-person singular)
abundat (active indicative present singular third-person)
abundāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
abundātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
abundant (active indicative plural present third-person)
abundābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abundābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abundābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abundābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abundābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abundābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abundābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
abundābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
abundābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
abundābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
abundābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
abundābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
abundāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
abundāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
abundāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
abundāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
abundāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
abundāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
abundāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
abundāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
abundāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
abundāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
abundāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
abundāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
abundāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
abundāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
abundāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
abundāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
abundāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
abundāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
abundāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
abundem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
abundēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
abundet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
abundēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
abundētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
abundent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
abundārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abundārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abundāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abundārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abundārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abundārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abundāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
abundāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abundāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abundāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
abundāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abundāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abundāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
abundāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abundāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abundāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
abundāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abundāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abundā (active imperative present second-person singular)
abundāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
abundātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
abundātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
abundātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
abundantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
abundāre (active infinitive present)
abundāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
abundātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
abundāns (active participle present)
abundātūrus (active future participle)
abundandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
abundandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
abundandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
abundandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
abundātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
abundātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

Aragonese: abondar, agundar

Asturian: abondar, abundar

Catalan: abundar

⇒ Esperanto: abunda

Galician: abondar, abundar

Ido: abundar

Italian: abbondare

Mirandese: abundiar

→ Old French: abonder

French: abonder

→ Middle English: abounden

English: abound

Scots: abund

Old Galician-Portuguese: avondar

Old Spanish: abondar

Portuguese: abundar, avondar, abondar

Romanian: abunda

desc

Sardinian: abbundài, abbundhare, bundhare

Serbo-Croatian: abùndati, абу̀ндати

Sicilian: abbunnàri

Spanish: abundar

[äˈbʊn̪d̪oː]

From ab- (“from, down from”) + undō (“surge, swell; fluctuate”).

af

(Medieval Latin) to invest (surplus capital)


alimento

la-verb

alimentō (present infinitive alimentāre, perfect active alimentāvī, supine alimentātum); first conjugation

alimentō (canonical)
alimentāre (infinitive present)
alimentāvī (active perfect)
alimentātum (supine)
alimentō (active first-person indicative present singular)
alimentās (active indicative present second-person singular)
alimentat (active indicative present singular third-person)
alimentāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
alimentātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
alimentant (active indicative plural present third-person)
alimentābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
alimentābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
alimentābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
alimentābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
alimentābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
alimentābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
alimentābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
alimentābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
alimentābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
alimentābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
alimentābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
alimentābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
alimentāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
alimentāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
alimentāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
alimentāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
alimentāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
alimentāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
alimentāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
alimentāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
alimentāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
alimentāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
alimentāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
alimentāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
alimentāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
alimentāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
alimentāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
alimentāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
alimentāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
alimentāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
alimentāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
alimentor (first-person indicative passive present singular)
alimentāris (indicative passive present second-person singular)
alimentāre (indicative passive present second-person singular)
alimentātur (indicative passive present singular third-person)
alimentāmur (first-person indicative passive plural present)
alimentāminī (indicative passive plural present second-person)
alimentantur (indicative passive plural present third-person)
alimentābar (first-person imperfect indicative passive singular)
alimentābāris (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
alimentābāre (imperfect indicative passive second-person singular)
alimentābātur (imperfect indicative passive singular third-person)
alimentābāmur (first-person imperfect indicative passive plural)
alimentābāminī (imperfect indicative passive plural second-person)
alimentābantur (imperfect indicative passive plural third-person)
alimentābor (first-person future indicative passive singular)
alimentāberis (future indicative passive second-person singular)
alimentābere (future indicative passive second-person singular)
alimentābitur (future indicative passive singular third-person)
alimentābimur (first-person future indicative passive plural)
alimentābiminī (future indicative passive plural second-person)
alimentābuntur (future indicative passive plural third-person)
alimentem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
alimentēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
alimentet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
alimentēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
alimentētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
alimentent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
alimentārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
alimentārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
alimentāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
alimentārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
alimentārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
alimentārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
alimentāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
alimentāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
alimentāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
alimentāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
alimentāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
alimentāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
alimentāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
alimentāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
alimentāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
alimentāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
alimentāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
alimentāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
alimenter (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
alimentēris (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
alimentēre (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
alimentētur (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
alimentēmur (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
alimentēminī (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
alimententur (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
alimentārer (first-person imperfect passive singular subjunctive)
alimentārēris (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
alimentārēre (imperfect passive second-person singular subjunctive)
alimentārētur (imperfect passive singular subjunctive third-person)
alimentārēmur (first-person imperfect passive plural subjunctive)
alimentārēminī (imperfect passive plural second-person subjunctive)
alimentārentur (imperfect passive plural subjunctive third-person)
alimentā (active imperative present second-person singular)
alimentāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
alimentātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
alimentātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
alimentātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
alimentantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
alimentāre (imperative passive present second-person singular)
alimentāminī (imperative passive plural present second-person)
alimentātor (future imperative passive second-person singular)
alimentātor (future imperative passive singular third-person)
alimentantor (future imperative passive plural third-person)
alimentāre (active infinitive present)
alimentāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
alimentātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
alimentārī (infinitive passive present)
alimentātum esse (infinitive passive perfect)
alimentātum īrī (future infinitive passive)
alimentāns (active participle present)
alimentātūrus (active future participle)
alimentātus (participle passive perfect)
alimentandus (future participle passive)
alimentandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
alimentandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
alimentandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
alimentandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
alimentātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
alimentātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)

[älʲɪˈmɛn̪t̪oː]