lupus

la-noun

lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension

lupī (genitive)
lupa (feminine)
lupus (nominative singular)
lupī (nominative plural)
lupī (genitive singular)
lupōrum (genitive plural)
lupō (dative singular)
lupīs (dative plural)
lupum (accusative singular)
lupōs (accusative plural)
lupō (ablative singular)
lupīs (ablative plural)
lupe (singular vocative)
lupī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: lupo

Aromanian: lup, lupu

Asturian: llobu

Catalan: llop

Corsican: lupu

Emilian: låuv

Franco-Provençal: lop

Friulian: lôf

Istro-Romanian: lup

Italian: lupo

Leonese: llobu

Ligurian: lô

Megleno-Romanian: lup

Mirandese: lhobo

Neapolitan: lupo

Occitan: lop

desctree

Old French: leu, lou, lu
Middle French: leu
⇒ French: à la queue leu leu
⇒ Middle French: loup
French: loup
Haitian Creole: lou
⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu
⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou
→ English: loo; Loup

Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo
Galician: lobo
Portuguese: lobo

Old Lombard:

Lombard: lov, loff, lóff

desc

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu

Piedmontese: luv

Romanian: lup

Romansch: luf

Sardinian: lupu

Sicilian: lupu
→ Maltese: lupu

desctree

Spanish: lobo
→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover
→ Tagalog: lobo

Venetan: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo
→ Italian: lovo

Walloon: leu

→ Esperanto: lupo

→ Interlingua: lupo

→ Volapük: lup

→ Catalan: lupus

→ English: Lupus, lupus

→ Finnish: lupus

→ French: lupus

→ Galician: lupus

→ Italian: lupus

→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo

→ Romanian: lupus

→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus

→ Translingual: Lupus; ⇒ Anarhichas lupus, Canis lupus

From Proto-Italic *lukʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), with a metathesis of *wĺ̥- to *lú-. The shift of *kʷ to /p/ can be explained as a borrowing from an Osco-Umbrian language, where the change is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna.
Cognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus; not cognate to Latin vulpēs (“fox”).

agnum lupō ēripere velle

to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf

(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:

(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:

a kind of hook used for hoisting objects


vulpes

la-noun

vulpēs f (genitive vulpis); third declension

vulpēs (canonical feminine)
vulpis (genitive)
vulpēs (nominative singular)
vulpēs (nominative plural)
vulpis (genitive singular)
vulpium (genitive plural)
vulpī (dative singular)
vulpibus (dative plural)
vulpem (accusative singular)
vulpēs (accusative plural)
vulpīs (accusative plural)
vulpe (ablative singular)
vulpibus (ablative plural)
vulpēs (singular vocative)
vulpēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: vulpi, vulpe

Catalan: volp

Corsican: volpe, vorpe, volpi, vulpi

Dalmatian: bualp, vualp

Friulian: bolp, volp

Galician: golpe, volpe

Istriot: bulpo

Istro-Romanian: vulpe

Italian: volpe

Ladin: volp, bolp

Neapolitan: vorpe

Occitan: volp

Piedmontese: vulp

Romanian: vulpe, hulpe

desc

Romansch: vulp, uolp (Sursilvan), vualp, gualp (Sutsilvan), golp (Surmiran), vuolp (Puter, Vallader)

desctree

Sicilian: vurpi, gurpi, vulpi, gulpi
→ Maltese: gilpa (from the form gulpi)

Venetan: volp, bolpe, bolp

→ Esperanto: vulpo

→ Translingual: Vulpes

[ˈu̯ʊɫ̪peːs̠]

From earlier volpēs, from Proto-Italic *wolpis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”) (compare Sanskrit लोपाश (lopāśá), Breton louarn, Lithuanian lãpė, Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), Persian روباه (rubâh)), with an analogous gender change. Possibly a conflation with earlier words for "wolf"; see wĺ̥kʷos.

(figuratively) smartness, strategy, quick thinking, adaptability, craftiness, cunning, cleverness, wisdom


canis

la-noun

canis m or f (genitive canis); third declension

canis (genitive)
canis (nominative singular)
canēs (nominative plural)
canis (genitive singular)
canum (genitive plural)
canī (dative singular)
canibus (dative plural)
canem (accusative singular)
canēs (accusative plural)
cane (ablative singular)
canibus (ablative plural)
canis (singular vocative)
canēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: can

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cãni, cãne, cheni

Istro-Romanian: căre

Megleno-Romanian: cǫini

Romanian: câine, câne

Asturian: can

Corsican: cane

Dalmatian: cun, cuon

Franco-Provençal: chin

desctree

Old French: chien, kien
Middle French: chien
French: chien
Angevin: chin
Bourguignon: chein
Champenois: chin
Franc-Comtois: tchïn
Norman: quien
Picard: tchien, kien, quien
Walloon: tchén

Istriot: can

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: cjan, čhan

Ladin: cian

Romansch: chaun, tgaun, chan

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: can

Old Piedmontese: cjeun

Piedmontese: can

Lombard: cjeun, cjaun

Lombard: can

desc

Romagnol: cân, chên (Cattolica), chën (Rimini)

Venetan: can

Italian: cane

Old Occitan: can

Catalan: ca

Occitan: can

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: can
Galician: can
Portuguese: cão

Sardinian:

Campidanese: cani

Logudorese: cane

Sicilian: cani

Spanish: can

From earlier canēs. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ, *ḱun- (“dog”), from earlier *ḱwón-s, whence also Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván), though the expected outcome was formally much altered.
The -a- gained a number of ad hoc explanations, such as a shift of *-wo- to *-wa- in open syllables, or of *-n̥- to -an- before vowels. The initial unrounded c- must have been levelled early into the rest of the inflection from the expected nominative outcome *cō, as *ḱw- would have regularly delabialised before a rounded vowel.

ref

Now mostly rejected, as this assumes a relevelling on a genitive stem *ḱwn̥-, which is actually largely attested as *ḱun- in all the word's cognates.<ref name=Sihler/>

Petronius
Cave canem.


lupa

la-noun

lupa f (genitive lupae); first declension

lupae (genitive)
lupa (nominative singular)
lupae (nominative plural)
lupae (genitive singular)
lupārum (genitive plural)
lupae (dative singular)
lupīs (dative plural)
lupābus (dative plural)
lupam (accusative singular)
lupās (accusative plural)
lupā (ablative singular)
lupīs (ablative plural)
lupābus (ablative plural)
lupa (singular vocative)
lupae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: lupã

Asturian: lloba

Aragonese: lupa

Catalan: lloba

French: louve

Friulian: love

Italian: lupa

Neapolitan: lopa

Occitan: loba

Portuguese: loba

Sicilian: lupa

Spanish: loba

Venetan: lova

The feminine version of lupus. The sense “prostitute” is either a comparison of the prostitutes' predation on men to the wolf's rapacity, as also in Isidore's (often fanciful) opinion, or a reference to the she-wolf's uncleanliness and promiscuity (often culturally conflated), parallelled in English bitch.


canatim

[käˈnäːt̪ɪ̃ˑ]


hirpus

hirpus m (genitive hirpī); second declension

hirpī (genitive)
hirpus (nominative singular)
hirpī (nominative plural)
hirpī (genitive singular)
hirpōrum (genitive plural)
hirpō (dative singular)
hirpīs (dative plural)
hirpum (accusative singular)
hirpōs (accusative plural)
hirpō (ablative singular)
hirpīs (ablative plural)
hirpe (singular vocative)
hirpī (plural vocative)

From Sabine, which according to de Vaan could be related to hircus (“he-goat”).


caninus

la-adj

canīnus (feminine canīna, neuter canīnum); first/second-declension adjective

canīnus (canonical)
canīna (feminine)
canīnum (neuter)
canīnus (masculine nominative singular)
canīna (feminine nominative singular)
canīnum (neuter nominative singular)
canīnī (masculine nominative plural)
canīnae (feminine nominative plural)
canīna (neuter nominative plural)
canīnī (genitive masculine singular)
canīnae (feminine genitive singular)
canīnī (genitive neuter singular)
canīnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
canīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
canīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
canīnō (dative masculine singular)
canīnae (dative feminine singular)
canīnō (dative neuter singular)
canīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
canīnum (accusative masculine singular)
canīnam (accusative feminine singular)
canīnum (accusative neuter singular)
canīnōs (accusative masculine plural)
canīnās (accusative feminine plural)
canīna (accusative neuter plural)
canīnō (ablative masculine singular)
canīnā (ablative feminine singular)
canīnō (ablative neuter singular)
canīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
canīne (masculine singular vocative)
canīna (feminine singular vocative)
canīnum (neuter singular vocative)
canīnī (masculine plural vocative)
canīnae (feminine plural vocative)
canīna (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: caní

English: canine

French: canin

Galician: caíño

Italian: canino

Malay: kanin

Portuguese: cainho, canino

Romanian: canin

Spanish: canino


umber

la-noun

umber m (genitive umbrī); second declension

umbrī (genitive)
umber (nominative singular)
umbrī (nominative plural)
umbrī (genitive singular)
umbrōrum (genitive plural)
umbrō (dative singular)
umbrīs (dative plural)
umbrum (accusative singular)
umbrōs (accusative plural)
umbrō (ablative singular)
umbrīs (ablative plural)
umber (singular vocative)
umbrī (plural vocative)

an Umbrian; also a breed of sheep and dog


vulpecula

vulpēcula f (genitive vulpēculae); first declension

vulpēcula (canonical feminine)
vulpēculae (genitive)
vulpēcula (nominative singular)
vulpēculae (nominative plural)
vulpēculae (genitive singular)
vulpēculārum (genitive plural)
vulpēculae (dative singular)
vulpēculīs (dative plural)
vulpēculam (accusative singular)
vulpēculās (accusative plural)
vulpēculā (ablative singular)
vulpēculīs (ablative plural)
vulpēcula (singular vocative)
vulpēculae (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: gouorpely

Old French: golpil, vorpil, volpil

French: goupil, goupille

Old Leonese:

Asturian: vulpeya

Old Galician-Portuguese: golpella

Galician: golpella

Portuguese: golpelha

Old Occitan:

Catalan: volpell, volpitz

Occitan: volpìlh

Old Spanish: vulpeja, golpeja, gulpeja

Spanish: vulpeja

[u̯ʊɫ̪ˈpeːkʊɫ̪ä]

From vulpēs (“fox”) + -cula (diminutive suffix).


catellus

la-noun

catellus m (genitive catellī); second declension

catellī (genitive)
catellus (nominative singular)
catellī (nominative plural)
catellī (genitive singular)
catellōrum (genitive plural)
catellō (dative singular)
catellīs (dative plural)
catellum (accusative singular)
catellōs (accusative plural)
catellō (ablative singular)
catellīs (ablative plural)
catelle (singular vocative)
catellī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: cãtsãl, cãtsãlu, cãtsel

Asturian: cadiellu

Catalan: cadell

Old French: chael, cael

Middle French: chiau

French: chiot

⇒ Old Northern French: caelee

Norman: calèye

Galician: cadelo

Italian: catello

Occitan: cadèl, cadèu

Portuguese: cadelo

Romanian: cățel

Sardinian: catteddu, calleddu

Spanish: cadillo

desc

→ Andalusian Arabic: قَلَطِي (qalaṭī), كَلَطِي (kalaṭī)

[käˈt̪ɛlːʲʊs̠]

From catulus (“whelp, puppy, young dog”) + -lus (diminutive suffix).


catulus

la-noun

catulus m (genitive catulī, feminine catula); second declension

catulī (genitive)
catula (feminine)
catulus (nominative singular)
catulī (nominative plural)
catulī (genitive singular)
catulōrum (genitive plural)
catulō (dative singular)
catulīs (dative plural)
catulum (accusative singular)
catulōs (accusative plural)
catulō (ablative singular)
catulīs (ablative plural)
catule (singular vocative)
catulī (plural vocative)

Spanish: cachorro

Italian: cucciolo

→ Portuguese: cachorro

[ˈkät̪ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *katelos (“cub”), with parallel in Umbrian catel (“a sacrificial animal”, nom. sg.). Despite IE cognates such as Old Irish cadla (“goat”), Middle High German hatele (“goat”), Old Norse haðna (“young goat”), Serbo-Croatian kot (“(time of) having young, litter, breed”), dial. Polish kót (“place where forest animals young”), Russian око́т (okót, “lambing time, litter”), De Vaan (2008) doubts a Proto-Indo-European origin.
Sense 3 is likely a semantic loan from Ancient Greek σκύλαξ (skúlax).


catella

la-noun

catella f (genitive catellae); first declension

catellae (genitive)
catella (nominative singular)
catellae (nominative plural)
catellae (genitive singular)
catellārum (genitive plural)
catellae (dative singular)
catellīs (dative plural)
catellam (accusative singular)
catellās (accusative plural)
catellā (ablative singular)
catellīs (ablative plural)
catella (singular vocative)
catellae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: cãtsauã, cãtsau

Catalan: cadella

Asturian: cadiella

Galician: cadela

Occitan: cadèla

Portuguese: cadela

Romanian: cățea

A feminisation of catellus (“a little dog”, “a puppy or whelp”) or an alteration of catula (“a female whelp”, “a young bitch”).

[käˈt̪ɛlːʲä]

a little bitch, bitch puppy, female whelp


vulpinus

la-adj

vulpīnus (feminine vulpīna, neuter vulpīnum); first/second-declension adjective

vulpīnus (canonical)
vulpīna (feminine)
vulpīnum (neuter)
vulpīnus (masculine nominative singular)
vulpīna (feminine nominative singular)
vulpīnum (neuter nominative singular)
vulpīnī (masculine nominative plural)
vulpīnae (feminine nominative plural)
vulpīna (neuter nominative plural)
vulpīnī (genitive masculine singular)
vulpīnae (feminine genitive singular)
vulpīnī (genitive neuter singular)
vulpīnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
vulpīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
vulpīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
vulpīnō (dative masculine singular)
vulpīnae (dative feminine singular)
vulpīnō (dative neuter singular)
vulpīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vulpīnum (accusative masculine singular)
vulpīnam (accusative feminine singular)
vulpīnum (accusative neuter singular)
vulpīnōs (accusative masculine plural)
vulpīnās (accusative feminine plural)
vulpīna (accusative neuter plural)
vulpīnō (ablative masculine singular)
vulpīnā (ablative feminine singular)
vulpīnō (ablative neuter singular)
vulpīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
vulpīne (masculine singular vocative)
vulpīna (feminine singular vocative)
vulpīnum (neuter singular vocative)
vulpīnī (masculine plural vocative)
vulpīnae (feminine plural vocative)
vulpīna (neuter plural vocative)

Inherited:

Old Italian: volpigno

Italian: volpino

Borrowed:

→ Catalan: vulpí

→ English: vulpine

→ French: vulpin

→ Piedmontese: vulpin

→ Portuguese: vulpino

→ Spanish: vulpino

[u̯ʊɫ̪ˈpiːnʊs̠]


molossus

la-noun

molossus m (genitive molossī); second declension

molossī (genitive)
molossus (nominative singular)
molossī (nominative plural)
molossī (genitive singular)
molossōrum (genitive plural)
molossō (dative singular)
molossīs (dative plural)
molossum (accusative singular)
molossōs (accusative plural)
molossō (ablative singular)
molossīs (ablative plural)
molosse (singular vocative)
molossī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Molossus

[mɔˈɫ̪ɔs̠ːʊs̠]


canicula

canīcula f (genitive canīculae); first declension

canīcula (canonical feminine)
canīculae (genitive)
canīcula (nominative singular)
canīculae (nominative plural)
canīculae (genitive singular)
canīculārum (genitive plural)
canīculae (dative singular)
canīculīs (dative plural)
canīculam (accusative singular)
canīculās (accusative plural)
canīculā (ablative singular)
canīculīs (ablative plural)
canīcula (singular vocative)
canīculae (plural vocative)

desctree

French: chenille (“caterpillar”)
→ Catalan: xenilla
→ English: chenille
→ Italian: ciniglia
→ Romanian: șenilă
→ Russian: шине́ль (šinélʹ), шени́лл (šeníll)

Galician: quenlla

Spanish: canijo

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: κανίκλειος (kaníkleios)

→ Catalan: canícula

→ French: canicule

→ Italian: canicola (“shark”)

→ Portuguese: canícula

→ Romanian: caniculă

→ Spanish: canícula

→ English: Canicula

→ Polish: kanikuła

→ Russian: кани́кулы (kaníkuly)

From canis (“dog”) + -cula. The sense ‘dogfish, shark’ is probably a calque of Ancient Greek σκύλιον (skúlion).


lupellus

la-noun

lupellus m (genitive lupellī); second declension

lupellī (genitive)
lupellus (nominative singular)
lupellī (nominative plural)
lupellī (genitive singular)
lupellōrum (genitive plural)
lupellō (dative singular)
lupellīs (dative plural)
lupellum (accusative singular)
lupellōs (accusative plural)
lupellō (ablative singular)
lupellīs (ablative plural)
lupelle (singular vocative)
lupellī (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪ʊˈpɛlːʲʊs̠]

(Medieval Latin) wolf cub, wolfkin, wolfling, wolf whelp


luparius

lupārius m (genitive lupāriī or lupārī); second declension

lupārius (canonical masculine)
lupāriī (genitive)
lupārī (genitive)
lupārius (nominative singular)
lupāriī (nominative plural)
lupāriī (genitive singular)
lupārī (genitive singular)
lupāriōrum (genitive plural)
lupāriō (dative singular)
lupāriīs (dative plural)
lupārium (accusative singular)
lupāriōs (accusative plural)
lupāriō (ablative singular)
lupāriīs (ablative plural)
lupārie (singular vocative)
lupāriī (plural vocative)

Spanish: lobero

Portuguese: lobeiro

[ɫ̪ʊˈpäːriʊs̠]

lupus (“wolf”) + -ārius (suffix forming agent nouns)


lycisca

la-noun

lycisca f (genitive lyciscae); first declension

lyciscae (genitive)
lycisca (nominative singular)
lyciscae (nominative plural)
lyciscae (genitive singular)
lyciscārum (genitive plural)
lyciscae (dative singular)
lyciscīs (dative plural)
lyciscam (accusative singular)
lyciscās (accusative plural)
lyciscā (ablative singular)
lyciscīs (ablative plural)
lycisca (singular vocative)
lyciscae (plural vocative)

[lʲʏˈkɪs̠kä]

Ultimately from Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos).


lyciscus

lyciscus m (genitive lyciscī); second declension

lyciscī (genitive)
lyciscus (nominative singular)
lyciscī (nominative plural)
lyciscī (genitive singular)
lyciscōrum (genitive plural)
lyciscō (dative singular)
lyciscīs (dative plural)
lyciscum (accusative singular)
lyciscōs (accusative plural)
lyciscō (ablative singular)
lyciscīs (ablative plural)
lycisce (singular vocative)
lyciscī (plural vocative)

[lʲʏˈkɪs̠kʊs̠]

Ultimately from Ancient Greek λυκίσκος (lukískos).


latrabilis

la-adj

lātrābilis (neuter lātrābile); third-declension two-termination adjective

lātrābilis (canonical)
lātrābile (neuter)
lātrābilis (feminine masculine nominative singular)
lātrābile (neuter nominative singular)
lātrābilēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
lātrābilia (neuter nominative plural)
lātrābilis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
lātrābilium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
lātrābilī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
lātrābilibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lātrābilem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
lātrābile (accusative neuter singular)
lātrābilēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
lātrābilīs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
lātrābilia (accusative neuter plural)
lātrābilī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
lātrābilibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
lātrābilis (feminine masculine singular vocative)
lātrābile (neuter singular vocative)
lātrābilēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
lātrābilia (neuter plural vocative)

English: latrability

[ɫ̪äːˈt̪räːbɪlʲɪs̠]

From lātrāre (“to bark, to rant”) + -bilis (“-able: forming adjectives of capacity or worth”)

suffix

barking, able to bark, characterized by barking