cuculus

cucūlus m (genitive cucūlī); second declension

cucūlus (canonical masculine)
cucūlī (genitive)
cucūlus (nominative singular)
cucūlī (nominative plural)
cucūlī (genitive singular)
cucūlōrum (genitive plural)
cucūlō (dative singular)
cucūlīs (dative plural)
cucūlum (accusative singular)
cucūlōs (accusative plural)
cucūlō (ablative singular)
cucūlīs (ablative plural)
cucūle (singular vocative)
cucūlī (plural vocative)

Asturian: cuquiellu

Catalan: cugul, >? cucut

French: coucou

Italian: cuculo

Sicilian: cuccu

Norman: coucou

Spanish: cuco

[kʊˈkuːɫ̪ʊs̠]

Echoic of the male bird's mating cry, similar to English cuckoo, Ancient Greek κόκκυξ (kókkux), Middle Irish cuach, Polish kukułka, Sanskrit कोकिल (kokila), Finnish kukkua.

onom

Echoic

a term of reproach (specifically a cuckold)


struthiocamelus

la-noun

strūthiocamēlus m (genitive strūthiocamēlī); second declension

strūthiocamēlus (canonical masculine)
strūthiocamēlī (genitive)
strūthiocamēlus (nominative singular)
strūthiocamēlī (nominative plural)
strūthiocamēlī (genitive singular)
strūthiocamēlōrum (genitive plural)
strūthiocamēlō (dative singular)
strūthiocamēlīs (dative plural)
strūthiocamēlum (accusative singular)
strūthiocamēlōs (accusative plural)
strūthiocamēlō (ablative singular)
strūthiocamēlīs (ablative plural)
strūthiocamēle (singular vocative)
strūthiocamēlī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Struthio camelus

[s̠t̪ruːt̪ʰiɔkäˈmeːɫ̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος (strouthokắmēlos), from στρουθός (strouthós, “sparrow”) + κάμηλος (kámēlos, “camel”).

etymon

grc>στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος>ostrich

bor

στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος


platanus

la-noun

platanus f (genitive platanī); second declension

platanī (genitive)
platanus (nominative singular)
platanī (nominative plural)
platanī (genitive singular)
platanōrum (genitive plural)
platanō (dative singular)
platanīs (dative plural)
platanum (accusative singular)
platanōs (accusative plural)
platanō (ablative singular)
platanīs (ablative plural)
platane (singular vocative)
platanī (plural vocative)

Albanian: panjë

Aromanian: paltin

Catalan: blada, → plàtan

French: plane, platane

⇒ Galician: pradairo

German: Platane

Italian: platano

→ Portuguese: plátano

Romanian: paltin, platan

→ Spanish: plátano

Translingual: Platanus

[ˈpɫ̪ät̪änʊs̠]

Iuxtā platanum istam residāmus

c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 1.18


mergulus

mergulus m (genitive mergulī); second declension

mergulī (genitive)
mergulus (nominative singular)
mergulī (nominative plural)
mergulī (genitive singular)
mergulōrum (genitive plural)
mergulō (dative singular)
mergulīs (dative plural)
mergulum (accusative singular)
mergulōs (accusative plural)
mergulō (ablative singular)
mergulīs (ablative plural)
mergule (singular vocative)
mergulī (plural vocative)

Diminutive from mergus (“diver, loon”) + -ulus, from mergō (“dive, plunge”).

[ˈmɛrɡʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

mergus non mergulus

[3rd–4th century, Appendix Probi, line 194:

(The correct form is) mergus, not mergulus

(Late Latin, proscribed) Synonym of mergus


gavia

gāvia f (genitive gāviae); first declension

gāvia (canonical feminine)
gāviae (genitive)
gāvia (nominative singular)
gāviae (nominative plural)
gāviae (genitive singular)
gāviārum (genitive plural)
gāviae (dative singular)
gāviīs (dative plural)
gāviam (accusative singular)
gāviās (accusative plural)
gāviā (ablative singular)
gāviīs (ablative plural)
gāvia (singular vocative)
gāviae (plural vocative)

Catalan: gavina

desc

Galician: gaivota (“gull”), gueivota (“gull”), avión (“swallow”)

Italian: gabbiano (“gull”), gavina (“common gull”)

Maltese: gawwi (“gull”)

Occitan: gabian (“gull”)

Portuguese: gavião (“hawk”), gaivota (“gull”)

Romanian: gaie (“kite”)

Sicilian: gàipa (“common gull”), gaipazza (“yellow-legged gull”), gaipuni (“yellow-legged gull”)

Spanish: gaviota (“gull”), gavilán (“sparrowhawk”)

Translingual: Gavia (“loon, diver”)

Tunisian Arabic: ڨاوية (gāwya, “seagull, black-headed gull”)

Of uncertain origin.
One theory, preferred by De Vaan, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gowh₂-i- (“shouter”), seemingly from either *geH- (“to sing, cry”) or *gewH- (“to call, cry out”), and adduces as cognates Sanskrit गु (gu, “to proclaim”), Ancient Greek γοάω (goáō, “to groan, weep”), Proto-Slavic *gȍvorъ (“grumble, talk”), and perhaps Old English ċīeġan (“to call”). He also mentions an alternative connection to gaius (“jaybird”), via an independent onomatopoeic root in Proto-Italic *gā̆-.
Another theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gʰabʰl- (“fork, branch of tree”) (due to the similarity of a hawk's claws to a pitchfork), from *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”); compare Old High German gabila, gabala (“sparrow hawk”).

der

common gull and seagull (any kind of gull, generically a kind of bird)


struthio

la-noun

strūthiō m (genitive strūthiōnis); third declension

strūthiō (canonical masculine)
strūthiōnis (genitive)
strūthiō (nominative singular)
strūthiōnēs (nominative plural)
strūthiōnis (genitive singular)
strūthiōnum (genitive plural)
strūthiōnī (dative singular)
strūthiōnibus (dative plural)
strūthiōnem (accusative singular)
strūthiōnēs (accusative plural)
strūthiōne (ablative singular)
strūthiōnibus (ablative plural)
strūthiō (singular vocative)
strūthiōnēs (plural vocative)

desctree

Italian: struzzo
→ Hungarian: strucc
→ Romanian: struț

Megleno-Romanian: ştruş

Old Occitan: estrutz

Catalan: estruç

Occitan: estruci

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: estruz

⇒ Galician: avestruz (ave 'bird' + estruz)

⇒ Portuguese: avestruz

→ Old Spanish: estruz

⇒ Spanish: avestruz

→ Asturian: avestruz

Piedmontese: struss

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *austrūthiō (avis 'bird' + strūthiō)

Old French: ostruce
French: autruche
Norman: autruche
→ Middle English: ostrich, ostriche, ostrige, ostryche
English: ostrich
Scots: ostriche (obsolete)
→ Welsh: estrys

→ Proto-West Germanic: *strūcijō (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Struthio

From Ancient Greek στρουθίων (strouthíōn); or shortened from strūthiocamēlus, from Ancient Greek στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος (strouthokắmēlos), from στρουθός (strouthós, “sparrow”) + κάμηλος (kámēlos, “camel”). The first element of both Greek words is likely related to Latin turdus (“thrush”).

der

στρουθοκᾰ́μηλος


pelecanus

la-noun

pelecānus m (genitive pelecānī); second declension

pelecānus (canonical masculine)
pelecānī (genitive)
pelecānus (nominative singular)
pelecānī (nominative plural)
pelecānī (genitive singular)
pelecānōrum (genitive plural)
pelecānō (dative singular)
pelecānīs (dative plural)
pelecānum (accusative singular)
pelecānōs (accusative plural)
pelecānō (ablative singular)
pelecānīs (ablative plural)
pelecāne (singular vocative)
pelecānī (plural vocative)

→ Basque: pelikano

→ Breton: pilikant

→ Bulgarian: пеликан (pelikan)

Catalan: pelicà

→ Chechen: пеликан (pelikan)

→ Czech: pelikán

→ Danish: pelikan

→ Dutch: pelikaan

→ English: pelican

→ Esperanto: pelikano

→ Estonian: pelikan

→ Finnish: pelikaani

French: pélican

→ Romanian: pelican

Friulian: pilekaan

Galician: pelícano

→ German: Pelikan

→ Hungarian: pelikán

→ Icelandic: pelíkani

→ Ido: pelikano

→ Indonesian: pelikan

→ Interlingua: pelicano

→ Irish: peileacán

Italian: pellicano

→ Japanese: ペリカン (perikan)

→ Korean: 펠리컨 (pellikeon)

→ Lithuanian: pelikanas

→ Macedonian: пеликан (pelikan)

Norman: pélican

→ Northern Kurdish: pelîkan

→ Norwegian: pelikan

Occitan: pelican

→ Papiamentu: pelikan

Picard: pélincan

→ Polish: pelikan

Portuguese: pelicano

Romansch: pelican

→ Russian: пеликан (pelikan)

→ Scottish Gaelic: pelican

→ Serbo-Croatian: пеликан

→ Slovak: pelikán

→ Slovene: pelikan

Spanish: pelícano

→ Swedish: pelikan

→ Translingual: Pelecanus

→ Turkish: pelikan

→ Ukrainian: пелікан (pelikan)

→ West Frisian: pilekaan

[pɛɫ̪ɛˈkäːnʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek πελεκάν (pelekán), πελεκάνος (pelekános).


sorex

sōrex m (genitive sōricis); third declension

sōrex (canonical masculine)
sōricis (genitive)
sōrex (nominative singular)
sōricēs (nominative plural)
sōricis (genitive singular)
sōricum (genitive plural)
sōricī (dative singular)
sōricibus (dative plural)
sōricem (accusative singular)
sōricēs (accusative plural)
sōrice (ablative singular)
sōricibus (ablative plural)
sōrex (singular vocative)
sōricēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: shoaric, shorãc

Romanian: șoarece, șoarec

Dalmatian:

surco

Italo-Romance:

Italian: sorcio, sorice (archaic), sorca, sorga (Marche)

Neapolitan: sorece

Sicilian: surci, sùrici

North Italian:

Friulian: surîs

Lombard: sorec

Romansch: schuorsch

Venetan: sorxe

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: soris

French: souris
Michif: soorii

Norman: souoris

Picard:

Northern: suris

Southern: seris, seuris, soiris

⇒ Poitevin-Saintongeais: sourit

Walloon: soris

West Iberian:

Old Spanish: sorze

Spanish: sorce

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Logudorese: sorighe

Nuorese: soriche

Translingual: Sorex

Various derived terms meaning 'bat':

desc

⇒ Dalmatian: surca pizigaun, surca pitsigaun

⇒ French: chauvesouris

⇒ Occitan: soritz pennada

⇒ Sardinian: sorighe pinnadulu

⇒ Sicilian: suriğe ulateu, sorici occelli (Calabria)

Uncertain; possibly related to susurrus (“whisper, rustling”), or Ancient Greek ὕραξ (húrax, “shrewmouse”).


batia

la-noun

batia f (genitive batiae); first declension

batiae (genitive)
batia (nominative singular)
batiae (nominative plural)
batiae (genitive singular)
batiārum (genitive plural)
batiae (dative singular)
batiīs (dative plural)
batiam (accusative singular)
batiās (accusative plural)
batiā (ablative singular)
batiīs (ablative plural)
batia (singular vocative)
batiae (plural vocative)

[ˈbät̪ː͡s̪iä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βᾰτίς (bătís, “a flat fish, perh. skate or ray”).


rumex

la-noun

rumex m or f (genitive rumicis); third declension

rumicis (genitive)
rumex (nominative singular)
rumicēs (nominative plural)
rumicis (genitive singular)
rumicum (genitive plural)
rumicī (dative singular)
rumicibus (dative plural)
rumicem (accusative singular)
rumicēs (accusative plural)
rumice (ablative singular)
rumicibus (ablative plural)
rumex (singular vocative)
rumicēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: romice

North-Italian:

Piedmontese: ronsa

Gallo-Romance:

French: ronce

Gascon: arromèc, ròmec, arromèga

Occitan:

Auvergnat: ronza, aronza

Languedocien: romèc, ròmec

Limousin: romdre, romze, romec, rumec

Provençal: romi

desc

Vivaro-Alpine: rome, romi, romec, romegue, romega

Norman: ronche (Jersey)

Via merging with lapathium

Catalan: romàs

Gascon: arromegàs, romegàs

Occitan: romegàs

Vivaro-Alpine: romiàs

Spanish: romaza

Origin uncertain, but the suffixes -ik and -ek are found in other plant names such as larix and carex. Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *súHros (“sour, salty, bitter”).


acharne

la-noun

acharnē f (genitive acharnēs); first declension

acharnē (canonical feminine)
acharnēs (genitive)
acharnē (nominative singular)
acharnae (nominative plural)
acharnēs (genitive singular)
acharnārum (genitive plural)
acharnae (dative singular)
acharnīs (dative plural)
acharnēn (accusative singular)
acharnās (accusative plural)
acharnē (ablative singular)
acharnīs (ablative plural)
acharnē (singular vocative)
acharnae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀχᾰρνώς (akhărnṓs), ἄχᾰρνος (ákhărnos), ἀχᾰ́ρνᾱς (akhắrnās, “some type of sea-fish”).


fucus

fūcus m (genitive fūcī); second declension

fūcus (canonical masculine)
fūcī (genitive)
fūcus (nominative singular)
fūcī (nominative plural)
fūcī (genitive singular)
fūcōrum (genitive plural)
fūcō (dative singular)
fūcīs (dative plural)
fūcum (accusative singular)
fūcōs (accusative plural)
fūcō (ablative singular)
fūcīs (ablative plural)
fūce (singular vocative)
fūcī (plural vocative)

→ Welsh: ffug

From Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed, orchil”).

der

(apēs) in tēctīs certātim tenvia cērā/spīrāmenta linunt fūcōque et flōribus ōrās/explent

c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.38–40

in their homes they (the bees) eagerly smear the passages with wax, fill the entrances with bee glue and nectar


fraxinus

la-noun

frāxinus f (genitive frāxinī); second declension

frāxinus (canonical feminine)
frāxinī (genitive)
frāxinus (nominative singular)
frāxinī (nominative plural)
frāxinī (genitive singular)
frāxinōrum (genitive plural)
frāxinō (dative singular)
frāxinīs (dative plural)
frāxinum (accusative singular)
frāxinōs (accusative plural)
frāxinō (ablative singular)
frāxinīs (ablative plural)
frāxine (singular vocative)
frāxinī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: frapsin

Istro-Romanian: fråsir

desc

Megleno-Romanian: frasim, frapțin, frasin

Romanian: frasin, frapsăn — regional, Banat, фрасин (frasin) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

Italo-Romance:

Italian: frassino

Central dialects: frassu, frasano

Neapolitan: frasso, frassono

Sicilian: fràscinu, fràssinu

→ Maltese: fraxxnu

North Italian:

Friulian: frassin

Ladin: frasen

Ligurian: frasciu

Piedmontese: frasu, fraisu

Romansch: fraissen, fraischen, fressen

Venetan: fràsene, fràsino

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: freixe

Franco-Provençal: frâno, frîno, freno

Occitan: fraisse, frais, frau, hrèishe

desctree

Old French: fraisne, fresne, frasne, freine, fraigne (Burgundy)
Angevin: frêne, fragne
Bourguignon: fraigne, fragne
Lorrain: frâne
Middle French: fresne
French: frêne
Norman: frêne, frêine
Walloon: frinne

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: fraxino, fraxen, freixen

Ribagorçan: freixe

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: freisnu

Extremaduran: fresnu

→? Fala: fresnu

Leonese: freisnu

Mirandese: frezno

Old Galician-Portuguese: freixo, freyxo

Galician: freixo

Portuguese: freixo

desc

Old Spanish: fresno, freisno, frexno, frexeno

Spanish: fresno (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Old Corsican: *frassu

Corsican: frassu

Sardinian: frassu

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: frashër

Learned borrowings:

→? Greek: φράξος (fráxos)

→ Interlingua: fraxino

From Proto-Italic *frāksinos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥Hǵ-s-inos, adjective of *bʰerHǵós (“birch”). Cognate with Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá, “Himalayan birch”) (Betula utilis), English birch, Russian берёза (berjóza).


colubra

la-noun

colubra f (genitive colubrae); first declension

colubrae (genitive)
colubra (nominative singular)
colubrae (nominative plural)
colubrae (genitive singular)
colubrārum (genitive plural)
colubrae (dative singular)
colubrīs (dative plural)
colubram (accusative singular)
colubrās (accusative plural)
colubrā (ablative singular)
colubrīs (ablative plural)
colubra (singular vocative)
colubrae (plural vocative)

Old Asturian: cuélebra

Vulgar Latin: *colŏbra (see there for further descendants)

Feminine form of coluber (“snake, serpent”); coluber + -a (feminine suffix).


lumbricus

lumbrīcus m (genitive lumbrīcī); second declension

lumbrīcus (canonical masculine)
lumbrīcī (genitive)
lumbrīcus (nominative singular)
lumbrīcī (nominative plural)
lumbrīcī (genitive singular)
lumbrīcōrum (genitive plural)
lumbrīcō (dative singular)
lumbrīcīs (dative plural)
lumbrīcum (accusative singular)
lumbrīcōs (accusative plural)
lumbrīcō (ablative singular)
lumbrīcīs (ablative plural)
lumbrīce (singular vocative)
lumbrīcī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: lãmbric, limbric, lumburic

Catalan: llombric

Esperanto: lumbriko

French: lombric

Galician: lombriga

Ido: lombriko

Italian: lombrico

Portuguese: lombriga

Romanian: limbric

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lumbrix

Spanish: lombriz

Translingual: Lumbricus

Possibly related to lumbus (“loins”) with a similar suffix to formīca (“ant”) or umbilīcus (“navel”).


capistrum

capistrum n (genitive capistrī); second declension

capistrī (genitive)
capistrum (nominative singular)
capistra (nominative plural)
capistrī (genitive singular)
capistrōrum (genitive plural)
capistrō (dative singular)
capistrīs (dative plural)
capistrum (accusative singular)
capistra (accusative plural)
capistrō (ablative singular)
capistrīs (ablative plural)
capistrum (singular vocative)
capistra (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cãpestru

Romanian: căpăstru

Italo-Romance:

Italian: capestro

Sicilian: capistru, crapistu

North Italian:

Friulian: cjaviestri

⇒ Piedmontese: cavastra

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: chevestre

French: chevêtre

Catalan: cabestre

Occitan: cabestre

Nord-Occitan: chabestre; chabeitre (Vivaro-Alpine)

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: cabestro, cabresto

Portuguese: cabresto

Spanish: cabestro

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: kapistër

→ Old English: cæfester

→ Greek: καπίστρι (kapístri)

→ Portuguese: capistro

→ Welsh: cebystr

[käˈpɪs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]


bucinum

būcinum n (genitive būcinī); second declension

būcinum (canonical neuter)
būcinī (genitive)
būcinum (nominative singular)
būcina (nominative plural)
būcinī (genitive singular)
būcinōrum (genitive plural)
būcinō (dative singular)
būcinīs (dative plural)
būcinum (accusative singular)
būcina (accusative plural)
būcinō (ablative singular)
būcinīs (ablative plural)
būcinum (singular vocative)
būcina (plural vocative)

Aromanian: bucium

French: buccin

Galician: bucio

Italian: buccino

Portuguese: búzio

Romanian: bucium

[ˈbuːkɪnʊ̃ˑ]

From būcina (“bugle; curved war trumpet”), from bōs + canō (“sing”). Compare classicum.


bubalus

būbalus m (genitive būbalī); second declension

būbalus (canonical masculine)
būbalī (genitive)
būbalus (nominative singular)
būbalī (nominative plural)
būbalī (genitive singular)
būbalōrum (genitive plural)
būbalō (dative singular)
būbalīs (dative plural)
būbalum (accusative singular)
būbalōs (accusative plural)
būbalō (ablative singular)
būbalīs (ablative plural)
būbale (singular vocative)
būbalī (plural vocative)

Catalan: brúfol → búfal (learned)

Neapolitan: vufero

Old Italian: buffalo

Italian: bufalo

→ Old French: buffle

French: buffle

→ Middle High German: büffel

German: Büffel

→ Middle Low German: buffel

→ Danish: bøffel

→ Middle Dutch: buffel

Dutch: buffel

Afrikaans: buffel

Piedmontese: bùfer

Portuguese: búfalo

Romanian: bour

Sicilian: bùfalu

Spanish: búfalo

→ English: buffalo

Translingual: Bubalus

→ Catalan: búbal

→ Spanish: búbalo

→ English: bubale

→ Proto-Slavic: *byvolъ (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *büβal (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Irish: búaball

Irish: buabhall

[ˈbuːbäɫ̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos, “buffalo”).


siligo

la-noun

silīgō f (genitive silīginis); third declension

silīgō (canonical feminine)
silīginis (genitive)
silīgō (nominative singular)
silīginēs (nominative plural)
silīginis (genitive singular)
silīginum (genitive plural)
silīginī (dative singular)
silīginibus (dative plural)
silīginem (accusative singular)
silīginēs (accusative plural)
silīgine (ablative singular)
silīginibus (ablative plural)
silīgō (singular vocative)
silīginēs (plural vocative)

The origin is uncertain. Probably not Indo-European, therefore a candidate substrate term. Compare Latin siliqua.


rattus

rattus m (variously declined, genitive rattī or rattūs); second declension, fourth declension

rattī (genitive)
rattūs (genitive)
rattus (nominative singular)
rattī (nominative plural)
rattūs (nominative plural)
rattī (genitive singular)
rattūs (genitive singular)
rattōrum (genitive plural)
rattuum (genitive plural)
rattō (dative singular)
rattuī (dative singular)
rattīs (dative plural)
rattibus (dative plural)
rattum (accusative singular)
rattōs (accusative plural)
rattūs (accusative plural)
rattō (ablative singular)
rattū (ablative singular)
rattīs (ablative plural)
rattibus (ablative plural)
ratte (singular vocative)
rattus (singular vocative)
rattī (plural vocative)
rattūs (plural vocative)

Asturian: ratu

Catalan: rata

Galician: rato

Italian: ratto

Old French: rat, rate

Middle French: rat

French: rat

Portuguese: rato

Spanish: rata, rato, ⇒ ratón

Translingual: Rattus, Rattus rattus

Borrowed from a Germanic language, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rattaz (“rat”).


phoxinus

phoxinus m (genitive phoxinī); second declension

phoxinī (genitive)
phoxinus (nominative singular)
phoxinī (nominative plural)
phoxinī (genitive singular)
phoxinōrum (genitive plural)
phoxinō (dative singular)
phoxinīs (dative plural)
phoxinum (accusative singular)
phoxinōs (accusative plural)
phoxinō (ablative singular)
phoxinīs (ablative plural)
phoxine (singular vocative)
phoxinī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Phoxinus

Renaissance Latin, from Ancient Greek φοξῖνος (phoxînos).

[…]quam auricolorium Luciorum, Phoxinorum, Gobiorum & Muſtelarum fluuiatilium[…]

1620, Friedrich Förner, chapter IV, in Beneficia miraculosa tam vetera quam recentia virginis Deiparae Weyerensis, page 9:


sparus

sparus m (genitive sparī); second declension

sparī (genitive)
sparus (nominative singular)
sparī (nominative plural)
sparī (genitive singular)
sparōrum (genitive plural)
sparō (dative singular)
sparīs (dative plural)
sparum (accusative singular)
sparōs (accusative plural)
sparō (ablative singular)
sparīs (ablative plural)
spare (singular vocative)
sparī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: shpalcë, shparzë

Translingual: Sparus


cerrus

cerrus f (genitive cerrī); second declension

cerrī (genitive)
cerrus (nominative singular)
cerrī (nominative plural)
cerrī (genitive singular)
cerrōrum (genitive plural)
cerrō (dative singular)
cerrīs (dative plural)
cerrum (accusative singular)
cerrōs (accusative plural)
cerrō (ablative singular)
cerrīs (ablative plural)
cerre (singular vocative)
cerrī (plural vocative)

Albanian: qarr

Aromanian: tser

Italian: cerro

Romanian: cer

Hungarian: cser

Pliny mentions it as unknown in Italy; Schuchardt explains it as borrowed from the Berber term for the oak at that time.

Quercus cerris
Quercus cerris#Translingual


granatum

grānātum n (genitive grānātī); second declension

grānātum (canonical neuter)
grānātī (genitive)
grānātum (nominative singular)
grānāta (nominative plural)
grānātī (genitive singular)
grānātōrum (genitive plural)
grānātō (dative singular)
grānātīs (dative plural)
grānātum (accusative singular)
grānāta (accusative plural)
grānātō (ablative singular)
grānātīs (ablative plural)
grānātum (singular vocative)
grānāta (plural vocative)

Catalan: granada, granat

English: garnet, grenade

French: grenade

Galician: granado, granada

Italian: granato, granata

Romanian: granată

Russian: гранат (granat)

Sardinian: aranada

Spanish: granado, granada

[ɡräːˈnäːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Ellipsis of pōmum grānātum (“seeded fruit”) Inflected form of grānātus (“having many seeds”), from grānum (“grain, seed”).


rubus

la-noun

rubus m (genitive rubī); second declension

rubī (genitive)
rubus (nominative singular)
rubī (nominative plural)
rubī (genitive singular)
rubōrum (genitive plural)
rubō (dative singular)
rubīs (dative plural)
rubum (accusative singular)
rubōs (accusative plural)
rubō (ablative singular)
rubīs (ablative plural)
rube (singular vocative)
rubī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: arug, rug

→ English: rubus

Interlingua: rubo

Italian: rovo

Romanian: rug

Spanish: rubo

Translingual: rubus

From Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”) (compare dialectal Norwegian erre, orr (“bush”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”), Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”), Old English word (“thornbush”)). See rose.

Apparuitque ei Dominus in flamma ignis de medio rubi et videbat quod rubus arderet et non conbureretur (Exodus 3:2, Vulgate)


senecio

seneciō m (genitive seneciōnis); third declension

seneciō (canonical masculine)
seneciōnis (genitive)
seneciō (nominative singular)
seneciōnēs (nominative plural)
seneciōnis (genitive singular)
seneciōnum (genitive plural)
seneciōnī (dative singular)
seneciōnibus (dative plural)
seneciōnem (accusative singular)
seneciōnēs (accusative plural)
seneciōne (ablative singular)
seneciōnibus (ablative plural)
seneciō (singular vocative)
seneciōnēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: xenixell

Spanish: zuzón/suzón (possibly)

Translingual: Senecio

From senex (“old”) + -iō (nickname-forming suffix).


dracontium

la-noun

dracontium n (genitive dracontiī or dracontī); second declension

dracontiī (genitive)
dracontī (genitive)
dracontium (nominative singular)
dracontia (nominative plural)
dracontiī (genitive singular)
dracontī (genitive singular)
dracontiōrum (genitive plural)
dracontiō (dative singular)
dracontiīs (dative plural)
dracontium (accusative singular)
dracontia (accusative plural)
dracontiō (ablative singular)
dracontiīs (ablative plural)
dracontium (singular vocative)
dracontia (plural vocative)

English: dracontium

Translingual: Dracontium

Spanish: draconcio

[d̪räˈkɔn̪t̪iʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek δρακόντιον (drakóntion).

Dracunculus vulgaris
Dracunculus vulgaris#Translingual

dragonwort (Dracunculus vulgaris, syn. Arum dracunculus)


ligustrum

ligustrum n (genitive ligustrī); second declension

ligustrī (genitive)
ligustrum (nominative singular)
ligustra (nominative plural)
ligustrī (genitive singular)
ligustrōrum (genitive plural)
ligustrō (dative singular)
ligustrīs (dative plural)
ligustrum (accusative singular)
ligustra (accusative plural)
ligustrō (ablative singular)
ligustrīs (ablative plural)
ligustrum (singular vocative)
ligustra (plural vocative)

English: ligustrum

Greek: λιγούστρο n (ligoústro)

Italian: ligustro

Sicilian: lijistru

Translingual: Ligustrum

From Ligus, Ligustia, older names for Liguria, from Ancient Greek Λίγυς (Lígus).


palpus

palpus m (genitive palpī); second declension

palpī (genitive)
palpus (nominative singular)
palpī (nominative plural)
palpī (genitive singular)
palpōrum (genitive plural)
palpō (dative singular)
palpīs (dative plural)
palpum (accusative singular)
palpōs (accusative plural)
palpō (ablative singular)
palpīs (ablative plural)
palpe (singular vocative)
palpī (plural vocative)

From palpō (“to stroke, touch softly, feel”).


iuba

iuba f (genitive iubae); first declension

iubae (genitive)
iuba (nominative singular)
iubae (nominative plural)
iubae (genitive singular)
iubārum (genitive plural)
iubae (dative singular)
iubīs (dative plural)
iubam (accusative singular)
iubās (accusative plural)
iubā (ablative singular)
iubīs (ablative plural)
iuba (singular vocative)
iubae (plural vocative)

Italian: giubba

→ Portuguese: juba (learned)

Apparently from the same Proto-Indo-European source as iubeō as in "moving", "billowing".

mane; the flowing hair on the neck of an animal


iaculus

iaculus m (genitive iaculī); second declension

iaculī (genitive)
iaculus (nominative singular)
iaculī (nominative plural)
iaculī (genitive singular)
iaculōrum (genitive plural)
iaculō (dative singular)
iaculīs (dative plural)
iaculum (accusative singular)
iaculōs (accusative plural)
iaculō (ablative singular)
iaculīs (ablative plural)
iacule (singular vocative)
iaculī (plural vocative)

[ˈi̯äkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From iaciō (“I throw, hurl, cast, fling”) + -ulus.

suffix

Sed iaculi, quibus capulantur, …

L. Iunii Moderati Columellae de re rustica libri (lib. 6, cap. 2, sect. 4); in: Scriptores rei rusticae veteres latini Cato, Varro, Columella, Palladius[.] Quibus nunc accedit Vegetius de mulo-medicina et Gargilii Martialis fragmentum cum editionibus prope omnibus et MSS. pluribus collati[.] Adiectae notae virorum clariss. integrae tum editae tum ineditae et lexicon rei rusticae curante Io. Matthia Gesnero [Nom. Io. Matthias Gesnerus], 1735, p. 572

Note: In some other editions this is: "Sed laquei, quibus capulantur …".

(dubious) lasso; sling or noose thrown over the horns of oxen


ostrea

la-noun

ostrea f (genitive ostreae); first declension

ostreae (genitive)
ostrea (nominative singular)
ostreae (nominative plural)
ostreae (genitive singular)
ostreārum (genitive plural)
ostreae (dative singular)
ostreīs (dative plural)
ostream (accusative singular)
ostreās (accusative plural)
ostreā (ablative singular)
ostreīs (ablative plural)
ostrea (singular vocative)
ostreae (plural vocative)

Esperanto: ostro

Old French: oistre

Middle French: oistre

French: huître

Norman: hitre

→ Middle English: oystre

English: oyster

Italian: ostrica

Old Galician-Portuguese: ostra

Galician: ostra

desctree

Portuguese: ostra
→ Catalan: ostra
→ Spanish: ostra

Sicilian: òstraca

Translingual: Ostrea

→ Proto-West Germanic: *ōstrijā (see there for further descendants)


glaucus

la-noun

glaucus m (genitive glaucī); second declension

glaucī (genitive)
glaucus (nominative singular)
glaucī (nominative plural)
glaucī (genitive singular)
glaucōrum (genitive plural)
glaucō (dative singular)
glaucīs (dative plural)
glaucum (accusative singular)
glaucōs (accusative plural)
glaucō (ablative singular)
glaucīs (ablative plural)
glauce (singular vocative)
glaucī (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek γλαῦκος (glaûkos, “an edible grey fish”).

der

[ˈɡɫ̪äu̯kʊs̠]

(Medieval Latin) a bluish-grey colored fish of uncertain identity, perhaps the derbio


cici

From Ancient Greek κίκι (kíki), itself from Egyptian kꜣkꜣ.


hepar

la-noun

hēpar m (genitive hēpatis); third declension

hēpar (canonical masculine)
hēpatis (genitive)
hēpar (nominative singular)
hēpatēs (nominative plural)
hēpatis (genitive singular)
hēpatum (genitive plural)
hēpatī (dative singular)
hēpatibus (dative plural)
hēpatem (accusative singular)
hēpatēs (accusative plural)
hēpate (ablative singular)
hēpatibus (ablative plural)
hēpar (singular vocative)
hēpatēs (plural vocative)


pomus

pōmus f (genitive pōmī); second declension

pōmus (canonical feminine)
pōmī (genitive)
pōmus (nominative singular)
pōmī (nominative plural)
pōmī (genitive singular)
pōmōrum (genitive plural)
pōmō (dative singular)
pōmīs (dative plural)
pōmum (accusative singular)
pōmōs (accusative plural)
pōmō (ablative singular)
pōmīs (ablative plural)
pōme (singular vocative)
pōmī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: pemë

Aromanian: pom

→ English: pome

Italian: pomo

Megleno-Romanian: pom

Portuguese: pomo

Romanian: pom

Sicilian: pumu

Spanish: pomo

Catalan: poma

French: pomme

From Proto-Italic *poomos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“taken off”), from *h₂epo (“off”) (whence po-) + *h₁em- (“take”) (whence emō). Compare the same semantic development in Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós).


mezereon

→ Translingual: Daphne mezereum

→ English: mezereon, mezereum

→ French: mézéréon

→ Portuguese: mezereão

→ Spanish: mezereón

1317, Matthaeus Silvaticus, Opus Pandectarum Medicinae, Venice, published 1540, page 45:

a. 1561, أبو زكريا يحيى بن ماسويه [Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā Ibn Māsawayh] (Mesua), Mesuæ Græcorum ac Arabum clarissimi medici Opera quae extant omnia, Venice, published 1561, page 2 of fol. 462:

a. 1568, أبو زكريا يحيى بن ماسويه [Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā Ibn Māsawayh] (Mesua), Mesuæ medici clarissimi Opera, a Joanne Costa medico laudensi nunc recognita, & aucta adnotationibus, quibus à recentiorum calumniis divinus hic scriptor vendicatur., Venice, published 1568, page 140:

a. 1568, أبو زكريا يحيى بن ماسويه [Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā Ibn Māsawayh] (Mesua), Mesuæ medici clarissimi Opera, a Joanne Costa medico laudensi nunc recognita, & aucta adnotationibus, quibus à recentiorum calumniis divinus hic scriptor vendicatur., Venice, published 1568, page 177:

a. 1568, أبو زكريا يحيى بن ماسويه Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā Ibn Māsawayh (Mesua), Mesuæ medici clarissimi Opera, a Joanne Costa medico laudensi nunc recognita, & aucta adnotationibus, quibus à recentiorum calumniis divinus hic scriptor vendicatur., Venice, published 1568, page 198:

Daphne mezereum
Daphne mezereum#Translingual

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) mezereon, spurge-olive (Daphne mezereum)


smilax

la-noun

smīlax f (genitive smīlacis); third declension

smīlax (canonical feminine)
smīlacis (genitive)
smīlax (nominative singular)
smīlacēs (nominative plural)
smīlacis (genitive singular)
smīlacum (genitive plural)
smīlacī (dative singular)
smīlacibus (dative plural)
smīlacem (accusative singular)
smīlacēs (accusative plural)
smīlace (ablative singular)
smīlacibus (ablative plural)
smīlax (singular vocative)
smīlacēs (plural vocative)

Italian: smilace

Translingual: Smilax

The greenbrier or sarsaparilla (vine of the genus Smilax)


merula

merula f (genitive merulae); first declension

merulae (genitive)
merula (nominative singular)
merulae (nominative plural)
merulae (genitive singular)
merulārum (genitive plural)
merulae (dative singular)
merulīs (dative plural)
merulam (accusative singular)
merulās (accusative plural)
merulā (ablative singular)
merulīs (ablative plural)
merula (singular vocative)
merulae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: njerlã, njirlã

Asturian: mierbu, miruellu

Bourguignon: miâle

Catalan: merla

Champenois: marle, mâle

Dalmatian: miarla

Dutch: merel

French: merle

Bourguignon: marle

Friulian: mierli

Galician: melro, merlo, merla

Italian: merlo, merla

Ladin: merlo

Occitan: mèrle, mèrla

Portuguese: melro

Romanian: mierlă

Romansch: merl, merlotscha

Sardinian: mérula, meurra

Sicilian: mèrulu, merru

desc

Spanish: merla, mierla, mirla, merlo, mirlo

Venetan: merlo

Walloon: miele

→ English: merle

→ Proto-West Germanic: *merlā (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps from Proto-Italic *meselā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“black, blackbird”), which is thought to be a northwestern European substrate borrowing. Cognate with Breton moualch (“ouzel”), Welsh mwyalch (“blackbird, thrush”), German Amsel, English ouzel.


tabacum

la-noun

tabācum n (genitive tabācī); second declension

tabācum (canonical neuter)
tabācī (genitive)
tabācum (nominative singular)
tabāca (nominative plural)
tabācī (genitive singular)
tabācōrum (genitive plural)
tabācō (dative singular)
tabācīs (dative plural)
tabācum (accusative singular)
tabāca (accusative plural)
tabācō (ablative singular)
tabācīs (ablative plural)
tabācum (singular vocative)
tabāca (plural vocative)

[t̪äˈbäːkʊ̃ˑ]

Latinized from Spanish tabaco, itself possibly from Arabic طُبَّاق (ṭubbāq, “Dittrichia viscosa”)

der

2017, Tuomo Pekkanen, Societates tabacariae de periculis tabaci monent. https://areena.yle.fi/1-2864830, Nuntii Latini 1.12.2017

Large tobacco companies in the US have at last been forced to publish warnings about the dangers of tobacco in newspapers.

Magnae societates tabacariae in USA tandem adducti sunt, ut nuntiis divulgandis de periculis tabaci in actis diurnis monerent.


helenium

la-noun

helenium n (genitive heleniī or helenī); second declension

heleniī (genitive)
helenī (genitive)
helenium (nominative singular)
helenia (nominative plural)
heleniī (genitive singular)
helenī (genitive singular)
heleniōrum (genitive plural)
heleniō (dative singular)
heleniīs (dative plural)
helenium (accusative singular)
helenia (accusative plural)
heleniō (ablative singular)
heleniīs (ablative plural)
helenium (singular vocative)
helenia (plural vocative)

Translingual: Helenium

[hɛˈɫ̪ɛniʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἑλένιον (helénion), said to be named for Ἑλένη (Helénē) of Troy, who according to legend planted elecampane on the island of Pharos.

Inula helenium
Inula helenium#Translingual


morus

mōrus f (genitive mōrī); second declension

mōrus (canonical feminine)
mōrī (genitive)
mōrus (nominative singular)
mōrī (nominative plural)
mōrī (genitive singular)
mōrōrum (genitive plural)
mōrō (dative singular)
mōrīs (dative plural)
mōrum (accusative singular)
mōrōs (accusative plural)
mōrō (ablative singular)
mōrīs (ablative plural)
mōre (singular vocative)
mōrī (plural vocative)

French: mûre

Italian: moro

North Italian:

Romagnol: mór

Romanian: mur

Spanish: moro

→ English: morula

→ Polish: morwa

→ Ukrainian: мо́рва (mórva)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̑рва

Latin script: mȗrva

→ Proto-West Germanic: *mōrubaʀi (see there for further descendants)

From mōrum (“mulberry fruit”) or Ancient Greek μορέᾱ (moréā, “mulberry tree”).


coturnix

la-noun

cō̆turnīx f (genitive cō̆turnīcis); third declension

cō̆turnīx (canonical feminine)
cō̆turnīcis (genitive)
cō̆turnīx (nominative singular)
cō̆turnīcēs (nominative plural)
cō̆turnīcis (genitive singular)
cō̆turnīcum (genitive plural)
cō̆turnīcī (dative singular)
cō̆turnīcibus (dative plural)
cō̆turnīcem (accusative singular)
cō̆turnīcēs (accusative plural)
cō̆turnīce (ablative singular)
cō̆turnīcibus (ablative plural)
cō̆turnīx (singular vocative)
cō̆turnīcēs (plural vocative)

Asturian: cogorniz

Italian: coturnice

Old Occitan: codornitz

Portuguese: codorniz, codorna

Spanish: codorniz

Translingual: Coturnix

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *peturnīcula (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain; from earlier cocturnīx, possibly from Proto-Italic *kwaktrīx and influenced by cōrnīx (“crow”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷóǵ⁽ʰ⁾-tr-ih₂-k-s, from *kʷeǵ⁽ʰ⁾- (“to flee”), cognate with Proto-West Germanic *hwahtlā (“quail”). Doublet of quaccola (“quail”). Perhaps related to Latin conquinīscō (“to crouch down”), Old Norse *hvekka (“to be startled”), Proto-Slavic *čeznǫti (“to disappear”).


cantharus

cantharus m (genitive cantharī); second declension

cantharī (genitive)
cantharus (nominative singular)
cantharī (nominative plural)
cantharī (genitive singular)
cantharōrum (genitive plural)
cantharō (dative singular)
cantharīs (dative plural)
cantharum (accusative singular)
cantharōs (accusative plural)
cantharō (ablative singular)
cantharīs (ablative plural)
canthare (singular vocative)
cantharī (plural vocative)

Italian: cantero

→ Catalan: càntar

→ English: cantharus

→ French: canthare

→ Galician: cântaro

→ Italian: cantaro

→ Portuguese: cântaro

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̏нта̄р

Latin script: kȁntār

→ Spanish: cántaro

Translingual: Cantharus

[ˈkän̪t̪ʰärʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek κάνθαρος (kántharos).

a kind of sea-fish, possibly the black seabream (Spondyliosoma cantharus)


labrusca

lā̆brūsca f (genitive lā̆brūscae); first declension

lā̆brūsca (canonical feminine)
lā̆brūscae (genitive)
lā̆brūsca (nominative singular)
lā̆brūscae (nominative plural)
lā̆brūscae (genitive singular)
lā̆brūscārum (genitive plural)
lā̆brūscae (dative singular)
lā̆brūscīs (dative plural)
lā̆brūscam (accusative singular)
lā̆brūscās (accusative plural)
lā̆brūscā (ablative singular)
lā̆brūscīs (ablative plural)
lā̆brūsca (singular vocative)
lā̆brūscae (plural vocative)

Romanian: lăuruscă

Dalmatian: abastrain

Italian: lambrusca, lambrusco

Tuscan: abròsco, abròstolo, abròstine, abròstano

Romanesco: ciambrusco

Northern Italian: lambrosca

Lombard: lambrüsch, lambrösch

French: lambris, lambruche, lambrusque

Franco-Provençal: lambrochi

Occitan: lambrusca, lambrusc; lambrusco (Gascon)

Catalan: llambrusca; llebruixea (Majorcan)

Old Spanish: lambrusca, lambrusco

→ Albanian: larushkë, lërushkë

→ Catalan: labrusca (learned)

→ Portuguese: labrusca (learned)

→ Spanish: labrusca (learned)

[ɫ̪äːˈbruːs̠kä]

[ɫ̪äˈbruːs̠kä]

Uncertain:
* if the first vowel was short, possibly a compound of labrum (“lip”) + ūrō (“to burn”) + -ca, in reference to its acidity - notice the substitution of the first member with lambō (“to lick”). This is supported by several ancient grammarians; other grammarians also refer it to labrum, but in the meaning “edge of the field” where it was usually found;
* if the first vowel was long, possibly from lābor (“to glide down”), but this leaves the second element unexplained.
Compare laburnum (“golden chain”) and rūscum (“butcher's broom”) for possible contamination sources.

the plant of the woodland grape (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris)


catulus

catulus m (genitive catulī, feminine catula); second declension

catulī (genitive)
catula (feminine)
catulus (nominative singular)
catulī (nominative plural)
catulī (genitive singular)
catulōrum (genitive plural)
catulō (dative singular)
catulīs (dative plural)
catulum (accusative singular)
catulōs (accusative plural)
catulō (ablative singular)
catulīs (ablative plural)
catule (singular vocative)
catulī (plural vocative)

Spanish: cachorro

Italian: cucciolo

→ Portuguese: cachorro

[ˈkät̪ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *katelos (“cub”), with parallel in Umbrian catel (“a sacrificial animal”, nom. sg.). Despite IE cognates such as Old Irish cadla (“goat”), Middle High German hatele (“goat”), Old Norse haðna (“young goat”), Serbo-Croatian kot (“(time of) having young, litter, breed”), dial. Polish kót (“place where forest animals young”), Russian око́т (okót, “lambing time, litter”), De Vaan (2008) doubts a Proto-Indo-European origin.
Sense 3 is likely a semantic loan from Ancient Greek σκύλαξ (skúlax).


catella

la-noun

catella f (genitive catellae); first declension

catellae (genitive)
catella (nominative singular)
catellae (nominative plural)
catellae (genitive singular)
catellārum (genitive plural)
catellae (dative singular)
catellīs (dative plural)
catellam (accusative singular)
catellās (accusative plural)
catellā (ablative singular)
catellīs (ablative plural)
catella (singular vocative)
catellae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: cãtsauã, cãtsau

Catalan: cadella

Asturian: cadiella

Galician: cadela

Occitan: cadèla

Portuguese: cadela

Romanian: cățea

A feminisation of catellus (“a little dog”, “a puppy or whelp”) or an alteration of catula (“a female whelp”, “a young bitch”).

[käˈt̪ɛlːʲä]

a little bitch, bitch puppy, female whelp


catellus

catellus m (genitive catellī); second declension

catellī (genitive)
catellus (nominative singular)
catellī (nominative plural)
catellī (genitive singular)
catellōrum (genitive plural)
catellō (dative singular)
catellīs (dative plural)
catellum (accusative singular)
catellōs (accusative plural)
catellō (ablative singular)
catellīs (ablative plural)
catelle (singular vocative)
catellī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: cãtsãl, cãtsãlu, cãtsel

Asturian: cadiellu

Catalan: cadell

Old French: chael, cael

Middle French: chiau

French: chiot

⇒ Old Northern French: caelee

Norman: calèye

Galician: cadelo

Italian: catello

Occitan: cadèl, cadèu

Portuguese: cadelo

Romanian: cățel

Sardinian: catteddu, calleddu

Spanish: cadillo

desc

→ Andalusian Arabic: قَلَطِي (qalaṭī), كَلَطِي (kalaṭī)

[käˈt̪ɛlːʲʊs̠]

From catulus (“whelp, puppy, young dog”) + -lus (diminutive suffix).


adiantum

la-noun

adiantum n (genitive adiantī); second declension

adiantī (genitive)
adiantum (nominative singular)
adianta (nominative plural)
adiantī (genitive singular)
adiantōrum (genitive plural)
adiantō (dative singular)
adiantīs (dative plural)
adiantum (accusative singular)
adianta (accusative plural)
adiantō (ablative singular)
adiantīs (ablative plural)
adiantum (singular vocative)
adianta (plural vocative)

Portuguese: adianto

[äd̪iˈän̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀδίαντον (adíanton).


amia

amia f (genitive amiae); first declension

amiae (genitive)
amia (nominative singular)
amiae (nominative plural)
amiae (genitive singular)
amiārum (genitive plural)
amiae (dative singular)
amiīs (dative plural)
amiam (accusative singular)
amiās (accusative plural)
amiā (ablative singular)
amiīs (ablative plural)
amia (singular vocative)
amiae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Amia


arbutum

arbutum n (genitive arbutī); second declension

arbutī (genitive)
arbutum (nominative singular)
arbuta (nominative plural)
arbutī (genitive singular)
arbutōrum (genitive plural)
arbutō (dative singular)
arbutīs (dative plural)
arbutum (accusative singular)
arbuta (accusative plural)
arbutō (ablative singular)
arbutīs (ablative plural)
arbutum (singular vocative)
arbuta (plural vocative)


acinos

acinos f (genitive acinī); second declension

acinī (genitive)
acinos (nominative singular)
acinī (nominative plural)
acinī (genitive singular)
acinōrum (genitive plural)
acinō (dative singular)
acinīs (dative plural)
acinon (accusative singular)
acinōs (accusative plural)
acinō (ablative singular)
acinīs (ablative plural)
acine (singular vocative)
acinī (plural vocative)

Spanish: alcino

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄκινος (ákinos).


sambucum

sambūcum n (genitive sambūcī); second declension

sambūcum (canonical neuter)
sambūcī (genitive)
sambūcum (nominative singular)
sambūca (nominative plural)
sambūcī (genitive singular)
sambūcōrum (genitive plural)
sambūcō (dative singular)
sambūcīs (dative plural)
sambūcum (accusative singular)
sambūca (accusative plural)
sambūcō (ablative singular)
sambūcīs (ablative plural)
sambūcum (singular vocative)
sambūca (plural vocative)

Ad frigidam podagram, quae sine tumore consistit, cataplasma: piperis nigri moliti hemina, feniculi seminis contusi hemina; coquuntur ex aqua utraque; ubi temperata sunt, adicitur axungia suilla et, dum calet, panno spisso inductum medicamentum imponitur.
Bene facit ad idem genus et: lini seminis et feni graeci seminis, farinae hordeaciae, singulorum bini sextarii cribrati in unum commiscentur; inde coquere oportet quod satis erit ex aqua et oleo, subinde caldum cataplasma etiam imponere.

c. 43 CE – 46 CE, Scribonius Largus, Compositiones medicamentorum 160

Bene facit et hibisci radix ex aqua mulsa cocta et imposita, item sambūcum cum axungia vetere tritum et impositum, adiectus et brassicae cinis cum axungia vel semen caulium. ubi autem impetus cessaverit, et in hoc et in priore genere podagrae calda aqua marina diu fovendi sunt, vel si haec non erit, aquae purae ferventi salem adicito. post epithemate uti oportet, quod ad parotidas scriptum est: tollit enim cito reliquias per sudores et in futurum confirmat nervos nec patitur facile vitiari.


buxum

buxum n (genitive buxī); second declension

buxī (genitive)
buxum (nominative singular)
buxa (nominative plural)
buxī (genitive singular)
buxōrum (genitive plural)
buxō (dative singular)
buxīs (dative plural)
buxum (accusative singular)
buxa (accusative plural)
buxō (ablative singular)
buxīs (ablative plural)
buxum (singular vocative)
buxa (plural vocative)

alternative form of buxus (“boxwood, box tree”)


morum

mōrum n (genitive mōrī); second declension

mōrum (canonical neuter)
mōrī (genitive)
mōrum (nominative singular)
mōra (nominative plural)
mōrī (genitive singular)
mōrōrum (genitive plural)
mōrō (dative singular)
mōrīs (dative plural)
mōrum (accusative singular)
mōra (accusative plural)
mōrō (ablative singular)
mōrīs (ablative plural)
mōrum (singular vocative)
mōra (plural vocative)

Catalan: móra

English: morula

French: mûre

Galician: amora, mora

Italian: mora

Occitan: amora

Old Polish: mora

Portuguese: amora, morango (from Vulgar *mōrānicus)

Romanian: mură

qual

Sicilian: mura (mainly plural only, with collective article "a": "a muri")

Spanish: mora

Probably from Ancient Greek μόρον (móron), though the long vowel is somewhat unexpected.


heroum

la-noun

hērōum n (genitive hērōī); second declension

hērōum (canonical neuter)
hērōī (genitive)
hērōum (nominative singular)
hērōa (nominative plural)
hērōī (genitive singular)
hērōōrum (genitive plural)
hērōō (dative singular)
hērōīs (dative plural)
hērōum (accusative singular)
hērōa (accusative plural)
hērōō (ablative singular)
hērōīs (ablative plural)
hērōum (singular vocative)
hērōa (plural vocative)

As an adjective, regularly declined forms of the adjective hērōus; as a noun, a substantivisation of the neuter forms of the adjective hērōus.

[heːˈroːʊ̃ˑ]


marum

marum n (genitive marī); second declension

marī (genitive)
marum (nominative singular)
mara (nominative plural)
marī (genitive singular)
marōrum (genitive plural)
marō (dative singular)
marīs (dative plural)
marum (accusative singular)
mara (accusative plural)
marō (ablative singular)
marīs (ablative plural)
marum (singular vocative)
mara (plural vocative)

Spanish: maro

Portuguese: maro

→ Translingual: Marum, Teucrium marum

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μᾶρον (mâron), from Aramaic מַרְוָא / ܡܲܪܘܵܐ (marwā, “Origanum syriacum syn. Origanum maru”), an important ritual herb (☞ explained by Löw), from Middle Persian [script needed] (mlc' /marw/), related to Sanskrit मरुव (maruva, “marjoram”). Also found in Arabic مَرْو (marw, “fragrant herbs; pebbles; quartz”), مَرْدَقُوش (mardaqūš, “marjoram”).

der

Aramaic מַרְוָא

cog

A kind of plant, cat thyme Teucrium marum


caprifolium

la-noun

caprifolium n (genitive caprifoliī or caprifolī); second declension

caprifoliī (genitive)
caprifolī (genitive)
caprifolium (nominative singular)
caprifolia (nominative plural)
caprifoliī (genitive singular)
caprifolī (genitive singular)
caprifoliōrum (genitive plural)
caprifoliō (dative singular)
caprifoliīs (dative plural)
caprifolium (accusative singular)
caprifolia (accusative plural)
caprifoliō (ablative singular)
caprifoliīs (ablative plural)
caprifolium (singular vocative)
caprifolia (plural vocative)

Old French: chievrefoil, kievrefuel

French: chèvrefeuille

Norman: quièvrefeul

desc

Galician: cadrifollo, cabrifollo, cabrinfollo

Italian: caprifoglio

Romanian: caprifoi

⇒ Russian: каприфо́ль (kaprifólʹ)

Spanish: caprifoliáceo

Translingual: Caprifolium

[käprɪˈfɔlʲiʊ̃ˑ]


bellis

la-noun

bellis f (genitive bellidis); third declension

bellidis (genitive)
bellis (nominative singular)
bellidēs (nominative plural)
bellidis (genitive singular)
bellidum (genitive plural)
bellidī (dative singular)
bellidibus (dative plural)
bellidem (accusative singular)
bellidēs (accusative plural)
bellide (ablative singular)
bellidibus (ablative plural)
bellis (singular vocative)
bellidēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Bellis


caris

cāris f (genitive cāridis); third declension

cāris (canonical feminine)
cāridis (genitive)
cāris (nominative singular)
cāridēs (nominative plural)
cāridis (genitive singular)
cāridum (genitive plural)
cāridī (dative singular)
cāridibus (dative plural)
cāridem (accusative singular)
cāridēs (accusative plural)
cāride (ablative singular)
cāridibus (ablative plural)
cāris (singular vocative)
cāridēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Anomalocaris, Protocaris, Procaris, Caridella, Caridina, Caridion, Caridea, -caris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καρίς (karís).

a crustacean, possibly a marine crab or shrimp


longaevum

longaevum n (genitive longaevī); second declension

longaevī (genitive)
longaevum (nominative singular)
longaeva (nominative plural)
longaevī (genitive singular)
longaevōrum (genitive plural)
longaevō (dative singular)
longaevīs (dative plural)
longaevum (accusative singular)
longaeva (accusative plural)
longaevō (ablative singular)
longaevīs (ablative plural)
longaevum (singular vocative)
longaeva (plural vocative)


cornicula

cornīcula f (genitive cornīculae); first declension

cornīcula (canonical feminine)
cornīculae (genitive)
cornīcula (nominative singular)
cornīculae (nominative plural)
cornīculae (genitive singular)
cornīculārum (genitive plural)
cornīculae (dative singular)
cornīculīs (dative plural)
cornīculam (accusative singular)
cornīculās (accusative plural)
cornīculā (ablative singular)
cornīculīs (ablative plural)
cornīcula (singular vocative)
cornīculae (plural vocative)

via *cornĭcla:

Catalan: cornella

French: corneille

Galician: cornella

Spanish: corneja

via *cornacla:

Italian: cornacchia

[kɔrˈniːkʊɫ̪ä]

From cornīx f (“crow”) + -ula (diminutive suffix).


clupea

la-noun

clupea f (genitive clupeae); first declension

clupeae (genitive)
clupea (nominative singular)
clupeae (nominative plural)
clupeae (genitive singular)
clupeārum (genitive plural)
clupeae (dative singular)
clupeīs (dative plural)
clupeam (accusative singular)
clupeās (accusative plural)
clupeā (ablative singular)
clupeīs (ablative plural)
clupea (singular vocative)
clupeae (plural vocative)

Galician: xouba

Italian: cheppia

Translingual: Clupea

Unknown. Not related to clupeus (“shield”).


dromo

dromō m (genitive dromōnis); third declension

dromō (canonical masculine)
dromōnis (genitive)
dromō (nominative singular)
dromōnēs (nominative plural)
dromōnis (genitive singular)
dromōnum (genitive plural)
dromōnī (dative singular)
dromōnibus (dative plural)
dromōnem (accusative singular)
dromōnēs (accusative plural)
dromōne (ablative singular)
dromōnibus (ablative plural)
dromō (singular vocative)
dromōnēs (plural vocative)


dulcamara

dūlcamāra f (genitive dūlcamārae); first declension

dūlcamāra (canonical feminine)
dūlcamārae (genitive)
dūlcamāra (nominative singular)
dūlcamārae (nominative plural)
dūlcamārae (genitive singular)
dūlcamārārum (genitive plural)
dūlcamārae (dative singular)
dūlcamārīs (dative plural)
dūlcamāram (accusative singular)
dūlcamārās (accusative plural)
dūlcamārā (ablative singular)
dūlcamārīs (ablative plural)
dūlcamāra (singular vocative)
dūlcamārae (plural vocative)

Catalan: dulcamara, dolçamara (partial calque)

English: dulcamara

Italian: dulcamara

Spanish: dulcamara

From dūlcamārus: as a noun, a substantivisation of its feminine forms; as an adjective, regularly declined forms.

[d̪uːɫ̪käˈmäːrä]

[d̪uːɫ̪käˈmäːräː]

1784, Johann Gottfried Otto, Dissertatio de usu medico dulcamarae, main title:

Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara#Translingual

climbing nightshade
climbing nightshade#English

woody nightshade
woody nightshade#English

(New Latin) Solanum dulcamara, bittersweet, bittersweet nightshade, bitter nightshade, blue bindweed, Amara Dulcis, climbing nightshade, fellenwort, felonwood, poisonberry, poisonflower, scarlet berry, snakeberry, trailing bittersweet, trailing nightshade, violet bloom, woody nightshade


alica

alica f (genitive alicae); first declension

alicae (genitive)
alica (nominative singular)
alicae (nominative plural)
alicae (genitive singular)
alicārum (genitive plural)
alicae (dative singular)
alicīs (dative plural)
alicam (accusative singular)
alicās (accusative plural)
alicā (ablative singular)
alicīs (ablative plural)
alica (singular vocative)
alicae (plural vocative)

Romanian: alac

Sardinian: àlighe, àligu

Spanish: álaga

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄλιξ (álix) ‘rice-wheat groat’.


cammarus

cammarus m (genitive cammarī); second declension

cammarī (genitive)
cammarus (nominative singular)
cammarī (nominative plural)
cammarī (genitive singular)
cammarōrum (genitive plural)
cammarō (dative singular)
cammarīs (dative plural)
cammarum (accusative singular)
cammarōs (accusative plural)
cammarō (ablative singular)
cammarīs (ablative plural)
cammare (singular vocative)
cammarī (plural vocative)

Italian: camarón

Italian: gambero

Occitan: chambre, gambre

Old French: jamble

Portuguese: camarão

desc

Spanish: cámaro, cámbaro, camarón, gámbaro

[ˈkämːärʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek κάμμαρος (kámmaros), from Pre-Greek. This term is potentially a cognate of Danish hummer, Old Norse humarr (“lobster”) (which is the source of French homard).


corallium

la-noun

corallium n (genitive coralliī or corallī); second declension

coralliī (genitive)
corallī (genitive)
corallium (nominative singular)
corallia (nominative plural)
coralliī (genitive singular)
corallī (genitive singular)
coralliōrum (genitive plural)
coralliō (dative singular)
coralliīs (dative plural)
corallium (accusative singular)
corallia (accusative plural)
coralliō (ablative singular)
coralliīs (ablative plural)
corallium (singular vocative)
corallia (plural vocative)

Catalan: coral, → corall

Old French: coral

→ English: coral

French: corail

[kɔˈrälːʲiʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion, “coral”), probably ultimately of Semitic origin, see coral for more.

bor

coral (the substance, usually referring to the reddish-orange variety)


cornix

la-noun

cornīx f (genitive cornīcis); third declension

cornīx (canonical feminine)
cornīcis (genitive)
cornīx (nominative singular)
cornīcēs (nominative plural)
cornīcis (genitive singular)
cornīcum (genitive plural)
cornīcī (dative singular)
cornīcibus (dative plural)
cornīcem (accusative singular)
cornīcēs (accusative plural)
cornīce (ablative singular)
cornīcibus (ablative plural)
cornīx (singular vocative)
cornīcēs (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂- (“crow, raven”), imitative of harsh sounds. Compare Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “crow, shearwater”), Lithuanian šárka (“magpie”), Serbo-Croatian svrȁka (“idem”), Middle Irish crú, Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “raven, crow”). See also corvus (“crow”), crociō (“to croak like a raven”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


gossypium

la-noun

gossypium n (genitive gossypiī or gossypī); second declension

gossypiī (genitive)
gossypī (genitive)
gossypium (nominative singular)
gossypia (nominative plural)
gossypiī (genitive singular)
gossypī (genitive singular)
gossypiōrum (genitive plural)
gossypiō (dative singular)
gossypiīs (dative plural)
gossypium (accusative singular)
gossypia (accusative plural)
gossypiō (ablative singular)
gossypiīs (ablative plural)
gossypium (singular vocative)
gossypia (plural vocative)

English: gossypetin, gossypiboma, gossypol, gossypose

Translingual: Gossypium

From Ancient Greek γοσσύπιον (gossúpion), a borrowing from Arabic كُرْسُف (kursuf), كُرْفُس (kurfus), ultimately from Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa, “cotton”), whence also Hebrew כַּרְפַּס (karpás, “fabric of cotton”), whence Ancient Greek κάρπᾰσος (kárpăsos, “fabric of cotton”), whence carbasus (“fabric of cotton”).


limax

la-noun

līmāx f (genitive līmācis); third declension

līmāx (canonical feminine)
līmācis (genitive)
līmāx (nominative singular)
līmācēs (nominative plural)
līmācis (genitive singular)
līmācum (genitive plural)
līmācī (dative singular)
līmācibus (dative plural)
līmācem (accusative singular)
līmācēs (accusative plural)
līmāce (ablative singular)
līmācibus (ablative plural)
līmāx (singular vocative)
līmācēs (plural vocative)

⇒? Vulgar Latin: *lēmecis

Galician: lesma

Portuguese: lesma

⇒ limācem

Asturian: llimaz

Occitan: limaç

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *limāca

Italo-Romance:

Italian: lumaca

North-Italian:

Lombard: lumaga, lumega, numega

Lombard: lumaga, lumega

Piedmontese: lumega

Romagnol: lumega, lumeaga

Venetan: łimega

Gallo-Romance:

Gascon: limaca

Occitan: limauca, limaca

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *limācum

North-Italian:

Emilian: lumec

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: limaco, llimaco

Catalan: llimac

Gascon: limac

Occitan: limauc, limac

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: llimiagu

Spanish: limaco, lumiaco

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *limācea

Italo-Romance:

Italian: limaccia

Sicilian: limaccia

Gallo-Romance:

French: limace

Occitan: limaça

Norman: lînmache

North-Italian:

Ligurian: lumassa

Piedmontese: limassa, lumassa

Romansch: glimaja

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: limacha

Spanish: limaza

Borrowings:

→ Interlingua: limace

→ Romanian: limax

→ Translingual: Limax

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λεῖμαξ (leîmax), from Proto-Indo-European *sleh₁y-m-.


olyra

olȳra f (genitive olȳrae); first declension

olȳra (canonical feminine)
olȳrae (genitive)
olȳra (nominative singular)
olȳrae (nominative plural)
olȳrae (genitive singular)
olȳrārum (genitive plural)
olȳrae (dative singular)
olȳrīs (dative plural)
olȳram (accusative singular)
olȳrās (accusative plural)
olȳrā (ablative singular)
olȳrīs (ablative plural)
olȳra (singular vocative)
olȳrae (plural vocative)

A type of grain similar to spelt, possibly another type of hulled wheat


myrtus

myrtus f (genitive myrtī); second declension

myrtī (genitive)
myrtus (nominative singular)
myrtī (nominative plural)
myrtī (genitive singular)
myrtōrum (genitive plural)
myrtō (dative singular)
myrtīs (dative plural)
myrtum (accusative singular)
myrtōs (accusative plural)
myrtō (ablative singular)
myrtīs (ablative plural)
myrte (singular vocative)
myrtī (plural vocative)

Catalan: murta, murtra

French: myrte

Galician: mirto

→ German: Myrte

Italian: mirto

Polish: mirt

Portuguese: mirto, mirta

Romanian: mirt

Sicilian: murta, murtiḍḍa

Spanish: murta

From Ancient Greek μύρτος (múrtos, “myrtle”).

Nunc decet aut uiridi nitidum caput impedire myrto / aut flore, terrae quem ferunt solutae

23 B.C.E., Horace, Carmina, Book I:4.9-10

Now its right to garland our gleaming heads, with green myrtle or flowers, / whatever the unfrozen earth now bears


picea

picea f (genitive piceae); first declension

piceae (genitive)
picea (nominative singular)
piceae (nominative plural)
piceae (genitive singular)
piceārum (genitive plural)
piceae (dative singular)
piceīs (dative plural)
piceam (accusative singular)
piceās (accusative plural)
piceā (ablative singular)
piceīs (ablative plural)
picea (singular vocative)
piceae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Picea


silurus

silūrus m (genitive silūrī); second declension

silūrus (canonical masculine)
silūrī (genitive)
silūrus (nominative singular)
silūrī (nominative plural)
silūrī (genitive singular)
silūrōrum (genitive plural)
silūrō (dative singular)
silūrīs (dative plural)
silūrum (accusative singular)
silūrōs (accusative plural)
silūrō (ablative singular)
silūrīs (ablative plural)
silūre (singular vocative)
silūrī (plural vocative)


xylon

xylon n (genitive xylī); second declension

xylī (genitive)
xylon (nominative singular)
xyla (nominative plural)
xylī (genitive singular)
xylōrum (genitive plural)
xylō (dative singular)
xylīs (dative plural)
xylon (accusative singular)
xyla (accusative plural)
xylō (ablative singular)
xylīs (ablative plural)
xylon (singular vocative)
xyla (plural vocative)


sturnus

sturnus m (genitive sturnī); second declension

sturnī (genitive)
sturnus (nominative singular)
sturnī (nominative plural)
sturnī (genitive singular)
sturnōrum (genitive plural)
sturnō (dative singular)
sturnīs (dative plural)
sturnum (accusative singular)
sturnōs (accusative plural)
sturnō (ablative singular)
sturnīs (ablative plural)
sturne (singular vocative)
sturnī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: storno

Sicilian: struneḍḍu

North-Italian:

Ladino: storno

Piedmontese: storn, stor

⇒ Late Latin: sturnellus

Gallo-Romance:

North-Italian:

Friulian: sturnel

Lombard: stornel

Piedmontese: stronel, stornel, astrunel

Romansch: sturnel

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: estorniello

Catalan: estornell

Old French: esturnel

French: étourneau

Gascon: estorniu, estornèu, estornèth

Occitan: estornèl, estorneu

⇒ Late Latin: sturnīnus

North-Italian:

Lombard: stornin

Piedmontese: stornin

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: estorniño, estornillo

Portuguese: estorninho

Spanish: estornino

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: shturë

→ Maltese: sturnell

From Proto-Indo-European *storo- (“starling”) or *(s)tern- (“starling”), same ultimate source as Old Prussian starnite (“gull”), English starling. Traditionally, perhaps spuriously, associated with Ancient Greek ψάρ (psár, “starling”), cognate with English sparrow through an etymon with similar sound.


porrum

porrum n (genitive porrī); second declension

porrī (genitive)
porrum (nominative singular)
porrī (nominative plural)
porra (nominative plural)
porrī (genitive singular)
porrōrum (genitive plural)
porrō (dative singular)
porrīs (dative plural)
porrum (accusative singular)
porrōs (accusative plural)
porrō (ablative singular)
porrīs (ablative plural)
porrum (singular vocative)
porrī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: por, pur

Italo-Romance:

Italian: porro
→ Alemannic German: Bor

Sicilian: porru

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: pòr ⇒ porass, porèn

Ligurian: pöro ⇒ pörin, porin

Lombard: pòr, pòrc

Piedmontese: pòr, pòro ⇒ poret, porät, porin

Romagnol: pòr, pòrc

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: pôr ⇒ porrel

Old French: por ⇒ poree, poiree

desctree

⇒ French: poireau, porreau (obsolete)
Haitian Creole: powo

Norman: pouothé

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: porro
→ Spanish: porro

Gascon: pòr

Occitan: pòrre ⇒ porret

⇒ Auvergnat: porrada

⇒ Limousin: porrat, porrada

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: porro

Asturian: puerru

Galician: porro

Portuguese: porra, porro

Spanish: porra, puerro

Borrowings

→ Albanian: porr

→ Basque: porru

→ Cornish: por

→ Czech: pór, pórek

→ Danish: porre

→ Faroese: purra

→ Limburgish: poor

→ Norwegian Bokmål: purre

→ Polish: por

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: порилук

Latin script: poriluk

→ Slovak: pór

→ Slovene: por

→ Swedish: purjo, purjolök
→ Finnish: purjo, purjosipuli

From Proto-Italic *porso-, from Proto-Indo-European *pers-ó-s. Cognate with Ancient Greek πράσον (práson), Sanskrit पर्ष (parṣa), and Albanian presh. Compare Latin ferrum.


spinus

la-noun

spīnus f (variously declined, genitive spīnī or spīnūs); second declension, fourth declension

spīnus (canonical feminine)
spīnī (genitive)
spīnūs (genitive)
spīnus (nominative singular)
spīnī (nominative plural)
spīnūs (nominative plural)
spīnī (genitive singular)
spīnūs (genitive singular)
spīnōrum (genitive plural)
spīnuum (genitive plural)
spīnō (dative singular)
spīnuī (dative singular)
spīnīs (dative plural)
spīnibus (dative plural)
spīnum (accusative singular)
spīnōs (accusative plural)
spīnūs (accusative plural)
spīnō (ablative singular)
spīnū (ablative singular)
spīnīs (ablative plural)
spīnibus (ablative plural)
spīne (singular vocative)
spīnus (singular vocative)
spīnī (plural vocative)
spīnūs (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: schin

Romanian: spin

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: spino

Occitano-Romance

Occitan: espin

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: spin

West Iberian

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: espiño

Portuguese: espinho

Spanish: espino


stramentum

strāmentum n (genitive strāmentī); second declension

strāmentum (canonical neuter)
strāmentī (genitive)
strāmentum (nominative singular)
strāmenta (nominative plural)
strāmentī (genitive singular)
strāmentōrum (genitive plural)
strāmentō (dative singular)
strāmentīs (dative plural)
strāmentum (accusative singular)
strāmenta (accusative plural)
strāmentō (ablative singular)
strāmentīs (ablative plural)
strāmentum (singular vocative)
strāmenta (plural vocative)

[s̠t̪räːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]


zizanium

zizā̆nium n (genitive zizā̆niī or zizā̆nī); second declension

zizā̆nium (canonical neuter)
zizā̆niī (genitive)
zizā̆nī (genitive)
zizā̆nium (nominative singular)
zizā̆nia (nominative plural)
zizā̆niī (genitive singular)
zizā̆nī (genitive singular)
zizā̆niōrum (genitive plural)
zizā̆niō (dative singular)
zizā̆niīs (dative plural)
zizā̆nium (accusative singular)
zizā̆nia (accusative plural)
zizā̆niō (ablative singular)
zizā̆niīs (ablative plural)
zizā̆nium (singular vocative)
zizā̆nia (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: zitzània

→ English: zizania

→ Italian: zizzania

→ Sicilian: zizzània

Spanish: cizaña

Translingual: Zizania

[d̪͡z̪ɪz̪ˈd̪͡z̪äːniʊ̃ˑ]

[d̪͡z̪ɪz̪ˈd̪͡z̪äniʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ζιζάνιον (zizánion), ultimately from Sumerian 𒍣𒍝𒀭 (zizān, “wheat”).

Lolium temulentum
Lolium temulentum#Translingual

(Late Latin, often plural) cockle, tares, darnel (a weed, probably Lolium temulentum)


hysopum

hȳsōpum n (genitive hȳsōpī); second declension

hȳsōpum (canonical neuter)
hȳsōpī (genitive)
hȳsōpum (nominative singular)
hȳsōpa (nominative plural)
hȳsōpī (genitive singular)
hȳsōpōrum (genitive plural)
hȳsōpō (dative singular)
hȳsōpīs (dative plural)
hȳsōpum (accusative singular)
hȳsōpa (accusative plural)
hȳsōpō (ablative singular)
hȳsōpīs (ablative plural)
hȳsōpum (singular vocative)
hȳsōpa (plural vocative)

Medieval Latin: hȳsōpus

→ Catalan: hisop

→ Old French: ysope

French: hysope

→ Italian: issopo

→ Occitan: isòp

→ Portuguese: hissopo

→ Spanish: hisopo

→ Old English: ȳsōpe

Middle English: īsōpe

English: hyssop

→ Czech: yzop

→ Old High German: hysop

Old High German: isopo, isipo

Middle High German: isôpe, ysôpe

German: Isope, Ysope, Ysop

Piedmontese: issòp, isòp

→ Polish: hyzop

→ Slovak: yzop

[hyːˈs̠oːpʊ̃ˑ]


amomum

amōmum n (genitive amōmī); second declension

amōmum (canonical neuter)
amōmī (genitive)
amōmum (nominative singular)
amōma (nominative plural)
amōmī (genitive singular)
amōmōrum (genitive plural)
amōmō (dative singular)
amōmīs (dative plural)
amōmum (accusative singular)
amōma (accusative plural)
amōmō (ablative singular)
amōmīs (ablative plural)
amōmum (singular vocative)
amōma (plural vocative)

Catalan: amom

French: amome

Galician: amomo

Italian: amomo

Portuguese: amomo

Spanish: amomo

Translingual: Amomum

→ English: amomum


hyacinthus

hyacinthus m (genitive hyacinthī); second declension

hyacinthī (genitive)
hyacinthus (nominative singular)
hyacinthī (nominative plural)
hyacinthī (genitive singular)
hyacinthōrum (genitive plural)
hyacinthō (dative singular)
hyacinthīs (dative plural)
hyacinthum (accusative singular)
hyacinthōs (accusative plural)
hyacinthō (ablative singular)
hyacinthīs (ablative plural)
hyacinthe (singular vocative)
hyacinthī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: jacint

→ English: hyacinth

desctree

→ French: hyacinthe
→ German: Hyazinthe
→ Russian: гиаци́нт (giacínt)

→ Old French: jacinte

French: jacinthe

→ Middle English: jacynct, jacinct, jacinctus, jacinkte, jacint, jacyncte, jacyngh, jacynt, jasynkt
English: jacinth
Scots: jacinct (obsolete)

→ Middle High German: jāchant

→ Polish: jachant

→ Old East Slavic: ꙗхонт (jaxont)

Russian: я́хонт (jáxont)

Ukrainian: я́хонт (jáxont)

→ Hungarian: jácint

→ Italian: giacinto

→ Spanish: jacinto

→ Serbo-Croatian: hijàcint / хија̀цинт

→ Swedish: hyacint

→ Finnish: hyasintti

[hyäˈkɪn̪t̪ʰʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos), but ultimately from a non-Indo-European Mediterranean language.


tribulus

la-noun

tribulus m (genitive tribulī); second declension

tribulī (genitive)
tribulus (nominative singular)
tribulī (nominative plural)
tribulī (genitive singular)
tribulōrum (genitive plural)
tribulō (dative singular)
tribulīs (dative plural)
tribulum (accusative singular)
tribulōs (accusative plural)
tribulō (ablative singular)
tribulīs (ablative plural)
tribule (singular vocative)
tribulī (plural vocative)

Catalan: tríbol

Italian: trebbia

Portuguese: tríbulo, trilho

Spanish: tríbulo

From Ancient Greek τρίβολος (tríbolos). Do not confuse with trībulum (“threshing-sledge”).

Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris#Translingual

caltrop (both the plant Tribulus terrestris and the weapon)


armentum

armentum n (genitive armentī); second declension

armentī (genitive)
armentum (nominative singular)
armenta (nominative plural)
armentī (genitive singular)
armentōrum (genitive plural)
armentō (dative singular)
armentīs (dative plural)
armentum (accusative singular)
armenta (accusative plural)
armentō (ablative singular)
armentīs (ablative plural)
armentum (singular vocative)
armenta (plural vocative)

Asturian: armentíu

Catalan: arment

Galician: armentío

Italian: armento

Portuguese: armento

[ärˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

A reanalysis of the older feminine singular armenta as a neuter plural, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mn̥-teh₂, from *h₂er- (“to join”) + *-mn̥ + *-teh₂. Semantic development was "grouping, joining" > "herd". Related to arma.
Others (included ancient Romans) refer it to arō (“to plow”).

1st century, L. Iunius Moderatus Columella, De Res Rustica, Book VI, Preface, Sect. 3

And so it is that iumenta and armenta draw their names from the fact that they aid our work either by bringing up burdens or by plowing.

Unde etiam iūmenta et armenta nōmina ā rē trāxēre quod nostrum labōrem vel onera subvectandō vel arandō iuvārent.

A draft animal, a large domestic animal suitable for drawing a plow: an ox, a horse.


crabro

crābrō m (genitive crābrōnis); third declension

crābrō (canonical masculine)
crābrōnis (genitive)
crābrō (nominative singular)
crābrōnēs (nominative plural)
crābrōnis (genitive singular)
crābrōnum (genitive plural)
crābrōnī (dative singular)
crābrōnibus (dative plural)
crābrōnem (accusative singular)
crābrōnēs (accusative plural)
crābrōne (ablative singular)
crābrōnibus (ablative plural)
crābrō (singular vocative)
crābrōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Esperanto: krabro

Italian: calabrone

Lombard: gravalòn

Venetan: graón, gravarón, graùgn

West Iberian

Portuguese: cambrão

Spanish: cambrón

→ Portuguese: crabro

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *crabrus

Old Spanish: caparra

Spanish: garrapata

Possibly from Proto-Italic *krāzrō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-. Cognate with Old High German hornaz, hornuz, horniz (“hornet”), Old English hurnitu, hyrnetu (“hornet”). More at hornet.

Mīlia crābrōnum coeunt et vertice nūdō

Thousands of hornets unite and thrust their stings into the top of his bald head and mark his snub-nosed face.
(When Silenus goes looking for honey he is attacked by hornets.)


nardus

nardus f (genitive nardī); second declension

nardī (genitive)
nardus (nominative singular)
nardī (nominative plural)
nardī (genitive singular)
nardōrum (genitive plural)
nardō (dative singular)
nardīs (dative plural)
nardum (accusative singular)
nardōs (accusative plural)
nardō (ablative singular)
nardīs (ablative plural)
narde (singular vocative)
nardī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: nard

Italian: nardo

→ Middle Dutch: nardus

Dutch: nardus

Old French: narde

French: nard

→ Middle Dutch: narde

→ Middle English: narde

English: nard

Romanian: nard

Spanish: nardo


asarum

asarum n (genitive asarī); second declension

asarī (genitive)
asarum (nominative singular)
asara (nominative plural)
asarī (genitive singular)
asarōrum (genitive plural)
asarō (dative singular)
asarīs (dative plural)
asarum (accusative singular)
asara (accusative plural)
asarō (ablative singular)
asarīs (ablative plural)
asarum (singular vocative)
asara (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: ásaro

→ Italian: àsaro

desc

Mozarabic: اُشْرَه (ušra), آشَرو (āšaro)

→ Old Catalan: azara, atzaro

Catalan: atxari, axari, adzari

→ Old Spanish: asera

→ Portuguese: ásaro

→ Spanish: ásaro, asáraca

with baccar, forming apothecary’s Latin asarabacca

أَسَرَّة بَقَر

→ Arabic: أَسَرَّة بَقَر (ʔasarra baqar)

→ Old Catalan: atzaravaca, açaravaca, azaravaca

→ English: asarabacca

→ German: Asarabacca

→ Italian: asarabacca, asara baccara

→ Portuguese: asarabácca

→ Spanish: asarabácara, asarabácar, asarrabácar, asarabacca

From Ancient Greek ἄσαρον (ásaron, “hazelwort”).

der

Asarum europaeum
Asarum europaeum#Translingual


alietum

la-noun

aliētum n (genitive aliētī); second declension

aliētum (canonical neuter)
aliētī (genitive)
aliētum (nominative singular)
aliēta (nominative plural)
aliētī (genitive singular)
aliētōrum (genitive plural)
aliētō (dative singular)
aliētīs (dative plural)
aliētum (accusative singular)
aliēta (accusative plural)
aliētō (ablative singular)
aliētīs (ablative plural)
aliētum (singular vocative)
aliēta (plural vocative)


charadrius

charadrius m (genitive charadriī or charadrī); second declension

charadriī (genitive)
charadrī (genitive)
charadrius (nominative singular)
charadriī (nominative plural)
charadriī (genitive singular)
charadrī (genitive singular)
charadriōrum (genitive plural)
charadriō (dative singular)
charadriīs (dative plural)
charadrium (accusative singular)
charadriōs (accusative plural)
charadriō (ablative singular)
charadriīs (ablative plural)
charadrie (singular vocative)
charadriī (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek χαραδριός (kharadriós). Doublet of caladrius.


dipsas

dipsas f (genitive dipsadis); third declension

dipsadis (genitive)
dipsas (nominative singular)
dipsadēs (nominative plural)
dipsadis (genitive singular)
dipsadum (genitive plural)
dipsadī (dative singular)
dipsadibus (dative plural)
dipsadem (accusative singular)
dipsadēs (accusative plural)
dipsade (ablative singular)
dipsadibus (ablative plural)
dipsas (singular vocative)
dipsadēs (plural vocative)

French: dipsade

Italian: dipsade

Borrowed from Ancient Greek διψάς (dipsás).


noctua

noctua f (genitive noctuae); first declension

noctuae (genitive)
noctua (nominative singular)
noctuae (nominative plural)
noctuae (genitive singular)
noctuārum (genitive plural)
noctuae (dative singular)
noctuīs (dative plural)
noctuam (accusative singular)
noctuās (accusative plural)
noctuā (ablative singular)
noctuīs (ablative plural)
noctua (singular vocative)
noctuae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Noctua

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *noctuolus

Catalan: mussol

⇒? Old Spanish: nechuza

⇒ Spanish: lechuza

From the feminine of an unattested adjective *noctuus, from nox (“night”).


milvus

mīlvus m (genitive mīlvī); second declension

mīlvus (canonical masculine)
mīlvī (genitive)
mīlvus (nominative singular)
mīlvī (nominative plural)
mīlvī (genitive singular)
mīlvōrum (genitive plural)
mīlvō (dative singular)
mīlvīs (dative plural)
mīlvum (accusative singular)
mīlvōs (accusative plural)
mīlvō (ablative singular)
mīlvīs (ablative plural)
mīlve (singular vocative)
mīlvī (plural vocative)

Romansch: melv

Vulgar Latin: *mīlus

⇒ *milato

Asturian: milatu

Old Galician-Portuguese: *mĩato

Galician: miñato

⇒ Spanish: miloca

Unknown; possibly from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning stain or spot and also found in English mole, Lithuanian miēlės (“yeast”) and Ancient Greek μιαίνω (miaínō, “to taint, stain”).


muscus

la-noun

muscus m (genitive muscī); second declension

muscī (genitive)
muscus (nominative singular)
muscī (nominative plural)
muscī (genitive singular)
muscōrum (genitive plural)
muscō (dative singular)
muscīs (dative plural)
muscum (accusative singular)
muscōs (accusative plural)
muscō (ablative singular)
muscīs (ablative plural)
musce (singular vocative)
muscī (plural vocative)

→ Bulgarian: мускус (muskus)

→ Danish: muskus

→ Estonian: muskus

→ Finnish: myski

Old French: mugue

→ Old French: musc

French: musc

desctree

→ Middle English: muske, musca, musco, musk, musce
English: musk
→ Irish: musc
→ Welsh: mwsg

Galician: musgo

→ German: Moschus

Italian: musco, muschio

→ Norwegian: moskus

→ Russian: мускус (muskus)

Sardinian: nuscu

→ Swedish: mysk

⇒ Late Latin: muscāta f (“musky”)

Old French: muscade, mugede, muguete

⇒ French: muguet
→ Catalan: muguet
→ Turkish: müge

⇒ Norman: mudget

Old Occitan: muscada

Occitan: muscat

→ French: muscat
→ English: muscat
→ Georgian: მუსკატი (musḳaṭi)

→ French: muscade

→ Norman: muscade

⇒ Old Occitan: muscadal

→ Old French: muscadel

desc

→ English: muscatel, muscadel, muscadelle

→ Crimean Tatar: miskat

→ Czech: muškát

→ Danish: muskat

→ Dutch: muskaat

desctree

→ German: Muskat, Muskate f (obsolete)
→ Faroese: muskatt

→ Icelandic: múskat

→ Luxembourgish: Meskot

→ Norwegian: muskat

→ Swedish: muskot

→ Finnish: muskotti

desc

⇒ Medieval Latin: nux muscata, nux muga (“musky nut; nutmeg”)

→ Middle English: notemege, notemuge (partial translation)

desctree

English: nutmeg
→ Irish: noitmig
→ Japanese: ナツメグ (natsumegu)
→ Maori: natimeke
→ Welsh: nytmeg

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μόσχος (móskhos). See English musk for more.


pygargus

la-noun

pȳgargus m (genitive pȳgargī); second declension

pȳgargus (canonical masculine)
pȳgargī (genitive)
pȳgargus (nominative singular)
pȳgargī (nominative plural)
pȳgargī (genitive singular)
pȳgargōrum (genitive plural)
pȳgargō (dative singular)
pȳgargīs (dative plural)
pȳgargum (accusative singular)
pȳgargōs (accusative plural)
pȳgargō (ablative singular)
pȳgargīs (ablative plural)
pȳgarge (singular vocative)
pȳgargī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: pigarg

[pyːˈɡärɡʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πῡ́γᾰργος (pū́gărgos).

Circus cyaneus
Circus cyaneus#Translingual

A kind of eagle, harrier, or other raptor, perhaps Circus cyaneus


tragelaphus

tragelaphus m (genitive tragelaphī); second declension

tragelaphī (genitive)
tragelaphus (nominative singular)
tragelaphī (nominative plural)
tragelaphī (genitive singular)
tragelaphōrum (genitive plural)
tragelaphō (dative singular)
tragelaphīs (dative plural)
tragelaphum (accusative singular)
tragelaphōs (accusative plural)
tragelaphō (ablative singular)
tragelaphīs (ablative plural)
tragelaphe (singular vocative)
tragelaphī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Tragelaphus

[t̪räˈɡɛɫ̪äpʰʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek τραγέλαφος (tragélaphos, “mythical goat-stag”, from τράγος (trágos, “billy goat”) + ἔλαφος (élaphos, “deer”)).

bor

goat-stag (a kind of antelope with a beard like a goat)


capparis

la-noun

capparis f (genitive capparis); third declension

capparis (genitive)
capparis (nominative singular)
capparēs (nominative plural)
capparis (genitive singular)
capparium (genitive plural)
capparī (dative singular)
capparibus (dative plural)
capparim (accusative singular)
capparin (accusative singular)
capparēs (accusative plural)
capparīs (accusative plural)
capparī (ablative singular)
capparibus (ablative plural)
capparis (singular vocative)
capparēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cappero

→ French: câpre

Sicilian: chiàppara

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: tàpano, tapano

Piedmontese: tàpari

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: tapèra, tapèna

Gascon: tapera

Occitan: tapera, tapena

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: tapara, tapera

>? Mozarabic: [Term?]

→ Spanish: alcaparra

Borrowings:

→ English: caper

→ Translingual: Capparis


coluber

coluber m (genitive colubrī); second declension

colubrī (genitive)
coluber (nominative singular)
colubrī (nominative plural)
colubrī (genitive singular)
colubrōrum (genitive plural)
colubrō (dative singular)
colubrīs (dative plural)
colubrum (accusative singular)
colubrōs (accusative plural)
colubrō (ablative singular)
colubrīs (ablative plural)
coluber (singular vocative)
colubrī (plural vocative)

Inherited:

desctree

Vulgar Latin: colober
Asturian: cuélebre
Old Spanish: culuebro
Sardinian: colovru, coloru, caloru, caboru, caoru

Borrowings:

→ Translingual: Coluber

→ Italian: colubro

Derivations:

⇒ Old Occitan: colobrina

→ Italian: colubrina

Unknown origin, but possibly related in some way to colus (via Proto-Italic *kolozros?).


terebinthus

la-noun

terebinthus m (genitive terebinthī); second declension

terebinthī (genitive)
terebinthus (nominative singular)
terebinthī (nominative plural)
terebinthī (genitive singular)
terebinthōrum (genitive plural)
terebinthō (dative singular)
terebinthīs (dative plural)
terebinthum (accusative singular)
terebinthōs (accusative plural)
terebinthō (ablative singular)
terebinthīs (ablative plural)
terebinthe (singular vocative)
terebinthī (plural vocative)

Catalan: terebint

q

⇒ Old French: terbentine, turbentine (fom τερεβίνθινος (terebínthinos), with -ινος (-inos))

French: terbentine, terebentine, terebinthine, térébenthine

→ Middle English: terebentyne, terbentyne, turbentine

English: turpentine

Galician: terebinto

Italian: terebinto

Portuguese: terebinto

Spanish: terebinto

[t̪ɛrɛˈbɪn̪t̪ʰʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek τερέβινθος (terébinthos), variant of τέρμινθος (términthos).


cerastes

la-noun

cerastēs m (genitive cerastae); first declension

cerastēs (canonical masculine)
cerastae (genitive)
cerastēs (nominative singular)
cerastae (nominative plural)
cerastae (genitive singular)
cerastārum (genitive plural)
cerastae (dative singular)
cerastīs (dative plural)
cerastēn (accusative singular)
cerastās (accusative plural)
cerastē (ablative singular)
cerastīs (ablative plural)
cerastē (singular vocative)
cerastae (plural vocative)

Italian: ceraste

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κεράστης (kerástēs).


lorum

lōrum n (genitive lōrī); second declension

lōrum (canonical neuter)
lōrī (genitive)
lōrum (nominative singular)
lōra (nominative plural)
lōrī (genitive singular)
lōrōrum (genitive plural)
lōrō (dative singular)
lōrīs (dative plural)
lōrum (accusative singular)
lōra (accusative plural)
lōrō (ablative singular)
lōrīs (ablative plural)
lōrum (singular vocative)
lōra (plural vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: λῶρος (lôros)

Galician: loro

Portuguese: loro

Possibly from an extinct, but Indo-European substrate language; or, possibly for *vlōrum, from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn, wind, round”), the same root as of volvō. Compare with Ancient Greek εὔληρα (eúlēra, “reins”), Old Armenian լար (lar).


mustela

la-noun

mūstēla f (genitive mūstēlae); first declension

mūstēla (canonical feminine)
mūstēlae (genitive)
mūstēla (nominative singular)
mūstēlae (nominative plural)
mūstēlae (genitive singular)
mūstēlārum (genitive plural)
mūstēlae (dative singular)
mūstēlīs (dative plural)
mūstēlam (accusative singular)
mūstēlās (accusative plural)
mūstēlā (ablative singular)
mūstēlīs (ablative plural)
mūstēla (singular vocative)
mūstēlae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: mustela

Padanian:

Piedmontese: mostèila, mostaila

Romansch: mustaila

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: motêla ⇒ motelèta

Old French: moustoile

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: mostela, mustela

Occitan: mostèla, mostèl

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: mustela

Asturian: mustadiella

Borrowings:

→ English: mustela

→ Translingual: Mustela

[muːs̠ˈt̪eːɫ̪ä]

PIE word
 *múh₂s
Probably from unattested form *mūstrelā, a diminutive from a Proto-Italic *mūstrā (“mouse-like animal”) (reflected in mūstricula (“last”)), related to mūs (“mouse”).
Other hypotheses include:
* From a Proto-Indo-European compound *múh₂s-dʰers-leh₂ (“mouse-grabber”).
* Cognate with Proto-Slavic *mystlь, *mystlъ (“flying squirrel”) and Ossetian мыстулӕг (mystulæg, “weasel”), said to be inherited from Proto-Indo-European; far more likely, though, this would represent a Wanderwort of which the source is either Latin or Scythian. The relationship (if any) between these words remains uncertain.


opupa

la-noun

opupa f (genitive opupae); first declension

opupae (genitive)
opupa (nominative singular)
opupae (nominative plural)
opupae (genitive singular)
opupārum (genitive plural)
opupae (dative singular)
opupīs (dative plural)
opupam (accusative singular)
opupās (accusative plural)
opupā (ablative singular)
opupīs (ablative plural)
opupa (singular vocative)
opupae (plural vocative)


sagma

sagma f (genitive sagmae); first declension

sagmae (genitive)
sagma (nominative singular)
sagmae (nominative plural)
sagmae (genitive singular)
sagmārum (genitive plural)
sagmae (dative singular)
sagmīs (dative plural)
sagmam (accusative singular)
sagmās (accusative plural)
sagmā (ablative singular)
sagmīs (ablative plural)
sagma (singular vocative)
sagmae (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *salma

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: salma

Sicilian: sarma

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: salma

⇒ Late Latin: sauma:

Franco-Provençal: sôma, sauma

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: sòma

Piedmontese: sòma

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: soma

Oïl

Old French: some

French: somme

Occitano-Romance

Occitan: sauma

→ Basque: zama

→ Proto-West Germanic: *saum (see there for further descendants)

From Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma), from σάττω (sáttō, “to stuff, press, pack”).


scinifes

scinifēs f pl (genitive scinifum); third declension

scinifēs (canonical feminine plural)
scinifum (genitive)
scinifēs (nominative plural)
scinifum (genitive plural)
scinifibus (dative plural)
scinifēs (accusative plural)
scinifibus (ablative plural)
scinifēs (plural vocative)

Alternative spelling of cinifēs (“stinging insects”)


phaselus

phasēlus m (genitive phasēlī); second declension

phasēlus (canonical masculine)
phasēlī (genitive)
phasēlus (nominative singular)
phasēlī (nominative plural)
phasēlī (genitive singular)
phasēlōrum (genitive plural)
phasēlō (dative singular)
phasēlīs (dative plural)
phasēlum (accusative singular)
phasēlōs (accusative plural)
phasēlō (ablative singular)
phasēlīs (ablative plural)
phasēle (singular vocative)
phasēlī (plural vocative)

→ Italian: faselo (learned)

[pʰäˈs̠eːɫ̪ʊs̠]

Either from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean”) or from the substrate language which was the original source.

der

a kind of bean with an edible pod, French bean, kidney bean, phasel


stellio

la-noun

stēlliō m (genitive stēlliōnis); third declension

stēlliō (canonical masculine)
stēlliōnis (genitive)
stēlliō (nominative singular)
stēlliōnēs (nominative plural)
stēlliōnis (genitive singular)
stēlliōnum (genitive plural)
stēlliōnī (dative singular)
stēlliōnibus (dative plural)
stēlliōnem (accusative singular)
stēlliōnēs (accusative plural)
stēlliōne (ablative singular)
stēlliōnibus (ablative plural)
stēlliō (singular vocative)
stēlliōnēs (plural vocative)

From stēlla (“star”) + -iō, perhaps originally for the star lizard, so named because of the starlike spots on its back.

stellion or other kind of small lizard, newt


mucor

mūcor m (genitive mūcōris); third declension

mūcor (canonical masculine)
mūcōris (genitive)
mūcor (nominative singular)
mūcōrēs (nominative plural)
mūcōris (genitive singular)
mūcōrum (genitive plural)
mūcōrī (dative singular)
mūcōribus (dative plural)
mūcōrem (accusative singular)
mūcōrēs (accusative plural)
mūcōre (ablative singular)
mūcōribus (ablative plural)
mūcor (singular vocative)
mūcōrēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: mucoari

→ English: mucor

→ French: mucor

Romanian: mucoare

Spanish: mugor, mugre

Translingual: Mucor


paliurus

paliūrus m (genitive paliūrī); second declension

paliūrus (canonical masculine)
paliūrī (genitive)
paliūrus (nominative singular)
paliūrī (nominative plural)
paliūrī (genitive singular)
paliūrōrum (genitive plural)
paliūrō (dative singular)
paliūrīs (dative plural)
paliūrum (accusative singular)
paliūrōs (accusative plural)
paliūrō (ablative singular)
paliūrīs (ablative plural)
paliūre (singular vocative)
paliūrī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: pãljur

French: paliure

Romanian: păliur

From Ancient Greek παλίουρος (palíouros).

Paliurus spina-christi
Paliurus spina-christi#Translingual


aspaltus

aspaltus m (genitive aspaltī); second declension

aspaltī (genitive)
aspaltus (nominative singular)
aspaltī (nominative plural)
aspaltī (genitive singular)
aspaltōrum (genitive plural)
aspaltō (dative singular)
aspaltīs (dative plural)
aspaltum (accusative singular)
aspaltōs (accusative plural)
aspaltō (ablative singular)
aspaltīs (ablative plural)
aspalte (singular vocative)
aspaltī (plural vocative)

[äs̠ˈpäɫ̪t̪ʊs̠]


ficarius

la-adj

fīcārius (feminine fīcāria, neuter fīcārium); first/second-declension adjective

fīcārius (canonical)
fīcāria (feminine)
fīcārium (neuter)
fīcārius (masculine nominative singular)
fīcāria (feminine nominative singular)
fīcārium (neuter nominative singular)
fīcāriī (masculine nominative plural)
fīcāriae (feminine nominative plural)
fīcāria (neuter nominative plural)
fīcāriī (genitive masculine singular)
fīcāriae (feminine genitive singular)
fīcāriī (genitive neuter singular)
fīcāriōrum (genitive masculine plural)
fīcāriārum (feminine genitive plural)
fīcāriōrum (genitive neuter plural)
fīcāriō (dative masculine singular)
fīcāriae (dative feminine singular)
fīcāriō (dative neuter singular)
fīcāriīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fīcārium (accusative masculine singular)
fīcāriam (accusative feminine singular)
fīcārium (accusative neuter singular)
fīcāriōs (accusative masculine plural)
fīcāriās (accusative feminine plural)
fīcāria (accusative neuter plural)
fīcāriō (ablative masculine singular)
fīcāriā (ablative feminine singular)
fīcāriō (ablative neuter singular)
fīcāriīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
fīcārie (masculine singular vocative)
fīcāria (feminine singular vocative)
fīcārium (neuter singular vocative)
fīcāriī (masculine plural vocative)
fīcāriae (feminine plural vocative)
fīcāria (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: figuer, figuera

Dalmatian: fichiera

Friulian: figâr

Galician: figueira

Occitan: figuièra

Portuguese: figueira

Sicilian: ficara

Spanish: higuera

Translingual: Ficaria

Venetan: figaro, figher


libanus

libanus (feminine libana, neuter libanum); first/second-declension adjective

libana (feminine)
libanum (neuter)
libanus (masculine nominative singular)
libana (feminine nominative singular)
libanum (neuter nominative singular)
libanī (masculine nominative plural)
libanae (feminine nominative plural)
libana (neuter nominative plural)
libanī (genitive masculine singular)
libanae (feminine genitive singular)
libanī (genitive neuter singular)
libanōrum (genitive masculine plural)
libanārum (feminine genitive plural)
libanōrum (genitive neuter plural)
libanō (dative masculine singular)
libanae (dative feminine singular)
libanō (dative neuter singular)
libanīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
libanum (accusative masculine singular)
libanam (accusative feminine singular)
libanum (accusative neuter singular)
libanōs (accusative masculine plural)
libanās (accusative feminine plural)
libana (accusative neuter plural)
libanō (ablative masculine singular)
libanā (ablative feminine singular)
libanō (ablative neuter singular)
libanīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
libane (masculine singular vocative)
libana (feminine singular vocative)
libanum (neuter singular vocative)
libanī (masculine plural vocative)
libanae (feminine plural vocative)
libana (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈlʲɪbänʊs̠]

From a Semitic source - see the Semitic root lbn لبن, meaning "white". See also (Hebrew לְבוֹנָה (l'voná, “frankincense”), Arabic لبان (lubān, “frankincense”)).


myrice

la-noun

myrīcē f (genitive myrīcēs); first declension

myrīcē (canonical feminine)
myrīcēs (genitive)
myrīcē (nominative singular)
myrīcae (nominative plural)
myrīcēs (genitive singular)
myrīcārum (genitive plural)
myrīcae (dative singular)
myrīcīs (dative plural)
myrīcēn (accusative singular)
myrīcās (accusative plural)
myrīcē (ablative singular)
myrīcīs (ablative plural)
myrīcē (singular vocative)
myrīcae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μυρίκη (muríkē). Maybe a doublet of tamarīx.


prinus

prīnus f (genitive prīnī); second declension

prīnus (canonical feminine)
prīnī (genitive)
prīnus (nominative singular)
prīnī (nominative plural)
prīnī (genitive singular)
prīnōrum (genitive plural)
prīnō (dative singular)
prīnīs (dative plural)
prīnum (accusative singular)
prīnōs (accusative plural)
prīnō (ablative singular)
prīnīs (ablative plural)
prīne (singular vocative)
prīnī (plural vocative)


capreolus

capreolus m (genitive capreolī); second declension

capreolī (genitive)
capreolus (nominative singular)
capreolī (nominative plural)
capreolī (genitive singular)
capreolōrum (genitive plural)
capreolō (dative singular)
capreolīs (dative plural)
capreolum (accusative singular)
capreolōs (accusative plural)
capreolō (ablative singular)
capreolīs (ablative plural)
capreole (singular vocative)
capreolī (plural vocative)

Albanian: kapruall, kaprolli

Aromanian: cãprior, cãprioarã

Catalan: cabirol

English: capreolate

desc

Old French: chevroil, chevrueil, kevruel

French: chevreuil
→ English: chevreuil

Norman: quevreul, quevreur

Sicilian: ciavureḍḍu

Friulian: cjavrûl

Italian: capreolo, capriolo, cavriolo, capriola

Ladin: capriol

Occitan: cabiròl, cabròl

Romanian: căprior, căprioară

Romansch: chavriel

Sardinian: crabiolu, crabolu

Sicilian: crapiolu

Translingual: Capreolus

Venetan: caoriól, cavriól, cavriòło

From capra or caprea (“goat, roe deer”) + -olus.


saliunca

la-noun

saliunca f (genitive saliuncae); first declension

saliuncae (genitive)
saliunca (nominative singular)
saliuncae (nominative plural)
saliuncae (genitive singular)
saliuncārum (genitive plural)
saliuncae (dative singular)
saliuncīs (dative plural)
saliuncam (accusative singular)
saliuncās (accusative plural)
saliuncā (ablative singular)
saliuncīs (ablative plural)
saliunca (singular vocative)
saliuncae (plural vocative)


zibethus

zibethus m (genitive zibethī); second declension

zibethī (genitive)
zibethus (nominative singular)
zibethī (nominative plural)
zibethī (genitive singular)
zibethōrum (genitive plural)
zibethō (dative singular)
zibethīs (dative plural)
zibethum (accusative singular)
zibethōs (accusative plural)
zibethō (ablative singular)
zibethīs (ablative plural)
zibethe (singular vocative)
zibethī (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Arabic زَبَاد (zabād, “civet perfume”).


asella

asella f (genitive asellae); first declension

asellae (genitive)
asella (nominative singular)
asellae (nominative plural)
asellae (genitive singular)
asellārum (genitive plural)
asellae (dative singular)
asellīs (dative plural)
asellam (accusative singular)
asellās (accusative plural)
asellā (ablative singular)
asellīs (ablative plural)
asella (singular vocative)
asellae (plural vocative)


melongena

mēlongēna f (genitive mēlongēnae); first declension

mēlongēna (canonical feminine)
mēlongēnae (genitive)
mēlongēna (nominative singular)
mēlongēnae (nominative plural)
mēlongēnae (genitive singular)
mēlongēnārum (genitive plural)
mēlongēnae (dative singular)
mēlongēnīs (dative plural)
mēlongēnam (accusative singular)
mēlongēnās (accusative plural)
mēlongēnā (ablative singular)
mēlongēnīs (ablative plural)
mēlongēna (singular vocative)
mēlongēnae (plural vocative)

→ French: mélongène

→ English: melongene

[meːɫ̪ɔŋˈɡeːnä]

Medieval Latin, compare Italian melanzana. From Byzantine Greek μελιτζάνα (melitzána), from Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), from Classical Persian بادنجان (bādinjān).

der

Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān)


aesum

la-noun

aesum n (genitive aesī); second declension

aesī (genitive)
aesum (nominative singular)
aesa (nominative plural)
aesī (genitive singular)
aesōrum (genitive plural)
aesō (dative singular)
aesīs (dative plural)
aesum (accusative singular)
aesa (accusative plural)
aesō (ablative singular)
aesīs (ablative plural)
aesum (singular vocative)
aesa (plural vocative)


oryza

orȳza f (genitive orȳzae); first declension

orȳza (canonical feminine)
orȳzae (genitive)
orȳza (nominative singular)
orȳzae (nominative plural)
orȳzae (genitive singular)
orȳzārum (genitive plural)
orȳzae (dative singular)
orȳzīs (dative plural)
orȳzam (accusative singular)
orȳzās (accusative plural)
orȳzā (ablative singular)
orȳzīs (ablative plural)
orȳza (singular vocative)
orȳzae (plural vocative)

[ɔˈryːz̪d̪͡z̪ä]

From Ancient Greek ὄρῡζα (órūza), ὄρῡζον (órūzon); see there for more.


inula

inula f (genitive inulae); first declension

inulae (genitive)
inula (nominative singular)
inulae (nominative plural)
inulae (genitive singular)
inulārum (genitive plural)
inulae (dative singular)
inulīs (dative plural)
inulam (accusative singular)
inulās (accusative plural)
inulā (ablative singular)
inulīs (ablative plural)
inula (singular vocative)
inulae (plural vocative)

→ English: inula

→ Italian: inula

From Ancient Greek ἰνάω (ináō, “to purify”, literally “send forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hish₂-, *His-neh₂-, which could be related to ἰαίνω (iaínō, “to heat, warm”).

bor

Any of several plants of the genus Inula, including elecampane.


tarmes

la-noun

tarmes m (genitive tarmitis); third declension

tarmitis (genitive)
tarmes (nominative singular)
tarmitēs (nominative plural)
tarmitis (genitive singular)
tarmitum (genitive plural)
tarmitī (dative singular)
tarmitibus (dative plural)
tarmitem (accusative singular)
tarmitēs (accusative plural)
tarmite (ablative singular)
tarmitibus (ablative plural)
tarmes (singular vocative)
tarmitēs (plural vocative)

Italian: tarlo, tarma

From Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by twisting, twist, turn”). Compare Ancient Greek τερηδών (terēdṓn, “woodworm”) and Lithuanian trandẽ (“maggot”).


panicum

la-noun

pānicum n (genitive pānicī); second declension

pānicum (canonical neuter)
pānicī (genitive)
pānicum (nominative singular)
pānica (nominative plural)
pānicī (genitive singular)
pānicōrum (genitive plural)
pānicō (dative singular)
pānicīs (dative plural)
pānicum (accusative singular)
pānica (accusative plural)
pānicō (ablative singular)
pānicīs (ablative plural)
pānicum (singular vocative)
pānica (plural vocative)

French: panic

Italian: panico

Romanian: părâng, părinc

[ˈpäːnɪkʊ̃ˑ]

Uncertain, probably either from pānis (“bread; loaf”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to graze; to protect; to shepherd”)) or pānus (“ear of millet; thread wound on a bobbin”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to twist; to weave”)) + -cum (suffix forming neuter nouns).

inh

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual

Italian millet, foxtail millet (Setaria italica), panicgrass