aquila

la-noun

aquila f (genitive aquilae); first declension

aquilae (genitive)
aquila (nominative singular)
aquilae (nominative plural)
aquilae (genitive singular)
aquilārum (genitive plural)
aquilae (dative singular)
aquilīs (dative plural)
aquilam (accusative singular)
aquilās (accusative plural)
aquilā (ablative singular)
aquilīs (ablative plural)
aquila (singular vocative)
aquilae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: aceră

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: acula

Italian: aquila

→ Friulian: acuile

→ Piedmontese: àquila

→ Venetian: àquiła

Sicilian: àcula, àicula

→ Maltese: ajkla

Padanian:

Ligurian: àgogia

Lombard: àgola, àigula, aguila, ògola

Piedmontese: àghia, éula, òja

Romagnol: êquila, êcvila

Romansch: evla

Northern Gallo-Romance:

desc

Franco-Provençal: aglle, agllo, élye, élyo

Old French: aigle, aille

→ English: eagle

→ French: eagle

French: aigle

→ Esperanto: aglo

Norman: aiglle, aigl'ye (Jersey), aigl'ye, aiglle (France, Guernsey)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: alica, aliga

Catalan: àguila, àliga

Old Occitan: aigla

Occitan: agla, aigla

Gascon: aguilla

Vivaro-Alpine: eigla

Ibero-Romance:

Asturleonese: águila, aiguila, aigla, aila, eila, áliga, éliga, éguila

Galician: aguia, aiga

Portuguese: águia

Spanish: águila

→ Cebuano: agila

→ Hiligaynon: agila

→ Tagalog: agila

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: àbbila, àchili (eagle), achiliera (sea eagle)

Borrowings:

→ Ancient Greek: ἀκυλεής (akuleḗs)

→ Lithuanian: Akvilė f, Akvilius m

→ Romanian: acvilă

ȃkvila//а̑квила

→ Serbo-Croatian: ȃkvila／а̑квила

Unknown origin, but probably related to aquilus (“blackish, the color of darkness”). Displaced Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō.

the standard (of an eagle) carried by a Roman legion


accipiter

la-noun

accipiter m (genitive accipitris); third declension

accipitris (genitive)
accipiter (nominative singular)
accipitrēs (nominative plural)
accipitris (genitive singular)
accipitrum (genitive plural)
accipitrī (dative singular)
accipitribus (dative plural)
accipitrem (accusative singular)
accipitrēs (accusative plural)
accipitre (ablative singular)
accipitribus (ablative plural)
accipiter (singular vocative)
accipitrēs (plural vocative)

Aragonese: astor, azor

→ Basque: aztore

→ Byzantine Greek: ξιφτέρι (xiftéri), ξεφτέρι (xeftéri), ἐξιφτέριν (exiphtérin)

→ Albanian: qift (“kite”), skifter

Catalan: astor

Corsican: altore

→ English: accipiter

desc

Old French: hostur, ostur, ostor, ostoir

French: autour

Italian: astore

Lombard: astor

Occitan: astor

Old Galician-Portuguese: açor

Galician: azor

Portuguese: açor, Açores

→ English: Azores

Sardinian: istore

Old Spanish: adtor

Spanish: azor

From Proto-Italic *akupetros, from Proto-Indo-European *HHḱu-péth₂r̥, from *HéHḱus (“swift, quick”) + *péth₂r̥ (“feather, wing”) (compare penna). The geminate -cc- is perhaps influenced by accipiō (“take, seize”). Compare with the similarly constructed Ancient Greek ὠκύπτερος (ōkúpteros, “swift-winged”), Proto-Slavic *àstrę̄bъ.

Terrētur minimō pennae strīdōre columbā,

The dove is terrified by the slightest rustle of a feather, having been wounded by your talons, hawk.


bubo

la-noun

būbō m (genitive būbōnis); third declension

būbō (canonical masculine)
būbōnis (genitive)
būbō (nominative singular)
būbōnēs (nominative plural)
būbōnis (genitive singular)
būbōnum (genitive plural)
būbōnī (dative singular)
būbōnibus (dative plural)
būbōnem (accusative singular)
būbōnēs (accusative plural)
būbōne (ablative singular)
būbōnibus (ablative plural)
būbō (singular vocative)
būbōnēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Bubo

Onomatopoeic, compare Ancient Greek βύας (búas), Bulgarian буч (buč), Old Armenian բու (bu), Persian بوف (buf), Arabic بُوم (būm), Classical Syriac ܒܐܘܐ (baʾwāʾ) and Caucasian languages such as Old Georgian ბუვი (buvi), Chechen бухӏа (buha), and Aghul бу́гьу (búhu), all meaning owls.

owl, especially the Eurasian eagle owl, Bubo bubo


buteo

būteō m (genitive būteōnis); third declension

būteō (canonical masculine)
būteōnis (genitive)
būteō (nominative singular)
būteōnēs (nominative plural)
būteōnis (genitive singular)
būteōnum (genitive plural)
būteōnī (dative singular)
būteōnibus (dative plural)
būteōnem (accusative singular)
būteōnēs (accusative plural)
būteōne (ablative singular)
būteōnibus (ablative plural)
būteō (singular vocative)
būteōnēs (plural vocative)

Old French: buison, buson, busart

→ Dutch: buizerd

→ English: buzzard

French: buse, busard

→ Galician: buxardo

→ German: Bussard

→ Spanish: busardo, buharro, guarro

→ Tagalog: buharo

Probably imitative of a buzzard or hawk's cry.

onomatopoeic

imitative


otus

la-noun

ōtus m (genitive ōtī); second declension

ōtus (canonical masculine)
ōtī (genitive)
ōtus (nominative singular)
ōtī (nominative plural)
ōtī (genitive singular)
ōtōrum (genitive plural)
ōtō (dative singular)
ōtīs (dative plural)
ōtum (accusative singular)
ōtōs (accusative plural)
ōtō (ablative singular)
ōtīs (ablative plural)
ōte (singular vocative)
ōtī (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ὦτος (ôtos) or ὠτός (ōtós).

A kind of owl, meaning eared or horned owl.


amma

amma f (genitive ammae); first declension

ammae (genitive)
amma (nominative singular)
ammae (nominative plural)
ammae (genitive singular)
ammārum (genitive plural)
ammae (dative singular)
ammīs (dative plural)
ammam (accusative singular)
ammās (accusative plural)
ammā (ablative singular)
ammīs (ablative plural)
amma (singular vocative)
ammae (plural vocative)

From Classical Syriac ܐܸܡܵܐ (ʾemmā, “mother, abbess”) via Koine Greek ἀμμᾶς (ammâs), ἀμμὰ (ammà), perhaps reinforced by Etymology 1.

der

Coordinate term: abba

Vita Ammae Talidae

amma; a spiritual mother or abbess in early monasticism, a Desert Mother


strix

la-noun

strī̆x f (genitive strī̆gis); third declension

strī̆x (canonical feminine)
strī̆gis (genitive)
strī̆x (nominative singular)
strī̆gēs (nominative plural)
strī̆gis (genitive singular)
strī̆gum (genitive plural)
strī̆gī (dative singular)
strī̆gibus (dative plural)
strī̆gem (accusative singular)
strī̆gēs (accusative plural)
strī̆ge (ablative singular)
strī̆gibus (ablative plural)
strī̆x (singular vocative)
strī̆gēs (plural vocative)

⇒ Romanian: striga (“to call, shout”)

⇒ Sicilian: strìgula (“barn owl”)

→ English: strigine

→ Esperanto: strigo

→ Ido: strigo

→ Italian: strige

→ Portuguese: estrige

→ Spanish: estrige

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στρίξ (stríx, “screecher”), which also gave strī̆ga (“evil spirit, nightmare; vampire; witch”), itself likely of onomatopoeic origin and related to Latin strīdō (“to screech”).

doublet

eī hominēs cēnās ubi coquont, cum condiunt,
nōn condīmentīs condiunt, sed strīgibus,
vīvīs convīvīs intestīna quae exedint.

191 BCE, Plautus, Pseudolus, archived from the original on 2022-10-08, act 3, scene 2, lines 30–32:

Those people, when they cook dinners, when they season them,
season them not with seasonings, but with screech-owls
that would eat up the living guests' guts.
(This is in iambic senarii.)

Praebuit illa arbor miserō suspendia collō,
Carnificī dīrās praebuit illa crucēs;
Illa dedit turpēs raucīs būbōnibus umbrās,
Vulturis in rāmīs et strĭgis ōva tulit.

16 BCE, Ovid, Amores, archived from the original on 2017-01-06, 1.12, lines 17-20:

That tree offered a hanging to an unfortunate neck;
it offered dreadful crosses to the executioner;
it gave foul shade to hoarse owls;
it held the vulture's and screech-owl's eggs on its branches.
(This is in elegiac couplets.)

est illīs strĭgibus nōmen; sed nōminis huius
causa, quod horrendum strīdere nocte solent.
Screech-owls they're called; but the reason for this name is that they are wont to screech dreadfully at night.
(This is an elegiac couplet; “strī̆x” was associated with and in fact indirectly relates to the Latin strīdō, “to screech”.)

nōn comes obscūrus tripodum, nōn fulminis ārdēns
vector adest, flāvaeque sonāns avis unca Minervae
nōn venit auguriīs melior; quīn vultur et altīs
dēsuper accipitrēs exultāvēre rapīnīs.
mōnstra volant: dīrae strīdunt in nūbe volucrēs,
nocturnaeque gemunt strĭgĕs et fērālia būbō
damna canēns.

c. 90 CE, Statius, Thebaid, archived from the original on 2023-02-18, 3.506-512:

No the dark companion of the tripods [the raven], no burning lightning-bearer [the eagle]
is there, and no hooting and clawed bird of golden-haired Minerva [the owl]
comes auspiciously to the auguries; instead, a vulture and
hawks up above have rejoiced at their lofty plunder.
Evil omens are aflight: ominous birds shriek in the clouds,
and the nocturnal screech-owls and the death-like horned owl cry,
singing of loss.
(This is in dactylic hexameters.)

A kind of owl, probably the screech-owl (considered a bird of ill omen).

(by extension, according to popular belief) An evil spirit, a vampire or a harpy who sucked the blood of children and caused nightmares.


strix

la-noun

strix f (genitive strigis); third declension

strigis (genitive)
strix (nominative singular)
strigēs (nominative plural)
strigis (genitive singular)
strigum (genitive plural)
strigī (dative singular)
strigibus (dative plural)
strigem (accusative singular)
strigēs (accusative plural)
strige (ablative singular)
strigibus (ablative plural)
strix (singular vocative)
strigēs (plural vocative)

Possibly from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia such as Celtiberian, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to brush, strip, shear”) and cognate to Latin striga (“strip”).

der

Hispānia strigēs vocat aurī parvolās māssās.

(Spain, hapax, dubious) A golden nugget.


ulula

la-noun

ulula f (genitive ululae); first declension

ululae (genitive)
ulula (nominative singular)
ululae (nominative plural)
ululae (genitive singular)
ululārum (genitive plural)
ululae (dative singular)
ululīs (dative plural)
ululam (accusative singular)
ululās (accusative plural)
ululā (ablative singular)
ululīs (ablative plural)
ulula (singular vocative)
ululae (plural vocative)

From an imitative reduplicated root, perhaps ultimately Proto-Indo-European *(H)ulu(l)- (“to cry out, howl; owl”). Compare Sanskrit उलूक (ulūka, “owl”), sometimes also compared to Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒆷𒀸 (ḫu-wa-la-aš, “a kind of bird: owl?”) and Proto-Germanic *uwwalǭ (“owl”), though these may all be independent onomatopoeias.
More at ululō (“howl, screech”). Compare also upupa.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

screech owl (Tyto alba), tawny owl (Strix aluco)


parra

la-noun

parra f (genitive parrae); first declension

parrae (genitive)
parra (nominative singular)
parrae (nominative plural)
parrae (genitive singular)
parrārum (genitive plural)
parrae (dative singular)
parrīs (dative plural)
parram (accusative singular)
parrās (accusative plural)
parrā (ablative singular)
parrīs (ablative plural)
parra (singular vocative)
parrae (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *parezā, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow, bird”). Cognate with English sparrow.

inh

A bird of ill omen; perhaps the barn owl


alietum

la-noun

aliētum n (genitive aliētī); second declension

aliētum (canonical neuter)
aliētī (genitive)
aliētum (nominative singular)
aliēta (nominative plural)
aliētī (genitive singular)
aliētōrum (genitive plural)
aliētō (dative singular)
aliētīs (dative plural)
aliētum (accusative singular)
aliēta (accusative plural)
aliētō (ablative singular)
aliētīs (ablative plural)
aliētum (singular vocative)
aliēta (plural vocative)


noctua

noctua f (genitive noctuae); first declension

noctuae (genitive)
noctua (nominative singular)
noctuae (nominative plural)
noctuae (genitive singular)
noctuārum (genitive plural)
noctuae (dative singular)
noctuīs (dative plural)
noctuam (accusative singular)
noctuās (accusative plural)
noctuā (ablative singular)
noctuīs (ablative plural)
noctua (singular vocative)
noctuae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Noctua

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *noctuolus

Catalan: mussol

⇒? Old Spanish: nechuza

⇒ Spanish: lechuza

From the feminine of an unattested adjective *noctuus, from nox (“night”).


pygargus

pȳgargus m (genitive pȳgargī); second declension

pȳgargus (canonical masculine)
pȳgargī (genitive)
pȳgargus (nominative singular)
pȳgargī (nominative plural)
pȳgargī (genitive singular)
pȳgargōrum (genitive plural)
pȳgargō (dative singular)
pȳgargīs (dative plural)
pȳgargum (accusative singular)
pȳgargōs (accusative plural)
pȳgargō (ablative singular)
pȳgargīs (ablative plural)
pȳgarge (singular vocative)
pȳgargī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: pigarg

[pyːˈɡärɡʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πῡ́γᾰργος (pū́gargos).

Circus cyaneus
Circus cyaneus#Translingual

A kind of eagle, harrier, or other raptor, perhaps Circus cyaneus


albicilla

albicilla f (genitive albicillae); first declension

albicillae (genitive)
albicilla (nominative singular)
albicillae (nominative plural)
albicillae (genitive singular)
albicillārum (genitive plural)
albicillae (dative singular)
albicillīs (dative plural)
albicillam (accusative singular)
albicillās (accusative plural)
albicillā (ablative singular)
albicillīs (ablative plural)
albicilla (singular vocative)
albicillae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Haliaeetus albicilla

From albus (“white”) + New Latin cilla (“tail”).

Pygargus, Albicilla Gazæ, quibusdam Hinnularia.
Pygargus, for Gaza [called] albicilla, for certain people Hinnularia.

1713, John Ray, Synopsis methodica avium & piscium page 7, number 5

Pygargus (one says because of its whitening tail, just as if you'd call it albicilla, as Gaza adds on his own accord

1551 – 1558, Conrad Gessner, Historia animalium page 199, lines 30-31:. Pygargus (ab albicante cauda dicitur, ac si albicillam nomines, ut Gaza de suo addit)

Haliaeetus albicilla
Haliaeetus albicilla#Translingual

a white-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla


aegolios

aegōlios m (genitive aegōliī); second declension

aegōlios (canonical masculine)
aegōliī (genitive)
aegōlios (nominative singular)
aegōliī (nominative plural)
aegōliī (genitive singular)
aegōliōrum (genitive plural)
aegōliō (dative singular)
aegōliīs (dative plural)
aegōlion (accusative singular)
aegōliōs (accusative plural)
aegōliō (ablative singular)
aegōliīs (ablative plural)
aegōlie (singular vocative)
aegōliī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Aegolius

[äe̯ˈɡoːlʲiɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek αἰγωλιός (aigōliós).


cicuma

cicuma f (genitive cicumae); first declension

cicumae (genitive)
cicuma (nominative singular)
cicumae (nominative plural)
cicumae (genitive singular)
cicumārum (genitive plural)
cicumae (dative singular)
cicumīs (dative plural)
cicumam (accusative singular)
cicumās (accusative plural)
cicumā (ablative singular)
cicumīs (ablative plural)
cicuma (singular vocative)
cicumae (plural vocative)

Related to Ancient Greek κικυμίς (kikumís).


axio

axiō f (genitive axiōnis); third declension

axiō (canonical feminine)
axiōnis (genitive)
axiō (nominative singular)
axiōnēs (nominative plural)
axiōnis (genitive singular)
axiōnum (genitive plural)
axiōnī (dative singular)
axiōnibus (dative plural)
axiōnem (accusative singular)
axiōnēs (accusative plural)
axiōne (ablative singular)
axiōnibus (ablative plural)
axiō (singular vocative)
axiōnēs (plural vocative)

⇒ Italian: assiolo


clisterella

clisterella f (genitive clisterellæ); first declension

clisterellæ (genitive)
clisterella (nominative singular)
clisterellæ (nominative plural)
clisterellæ (genitive singular)
clisterellārum (genitive plural)
clisterellæ (dative singular)
clisterellīs (dative plural)
clisterellam (accusative singular)
clisterellās (accusative plural)
clisterellā (ablative singular)
clisterellīs (ablative plural)
clisterella (singular vocative)
clisterellæ (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

Only attested in the nominative pl. with -æ spelt as -e.

Cognates and/or descendants possibly include: French crécerelle f and cristel m; Neapolitan castariello m and crestariello m; Middle English castrel, English kestrel.

Hoc faciunt precipue ille que dicuntur clisterelle

13th century, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, De arte venandi cum avibus, liber I, 49:

This is the habit especially of those called kestrels.

Quedam magis utuntur muribus campestribus, lacertis, ranis, scarabeis, brucis, locustis et similibus, ut ille aves, que dicuntur albani, et ut ille, que dicuntur besardi et clisterele.

13th century, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, De arte venandi cum avibus, liber I, 50:

Certain others prefer field mice, lizards, frogs, beetles, grasshoppers, locusts, and the like, including those birds called harriers^((cf. It. albanella)), and those called buzzards^((cf. Fr. busard)) and kestrels.


tinnunculus

la-noun

tinnunculus m (genitive tinnunculī); second declension

tinnunculī (genitive)
tinnunculus (nominative singular)
tinnunculī (nominative plural)
tinnunculī (genitive singular)
tinnunculōrum (genitive plural)
tinnunculō (dative singular)
tinnunculīs (dative plural)
tinnunculum (accusative singular)
tinnunculōs (accusative plural)
tinnunculō (ablative singular)
tinnunculīs (ablative plural)
tinnuncule (singular vocative)
tinnunculī (plural vocative)

desc

Translingual: Falco tinnunculus (“common kestrel”)

[t̪ɪnˈnʊŋkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

Possibly from tinniō (“to shriek”, verb) + -unculus (diminutive) if the reading tinn- is correct. Manuscripts show variation in the form of the word. Lindsay 1918 argues that the correct reading is titi- (found in a manuscript of Columella but not of Pliny) and derives the word from an n-stem noun *titiō, titiōn- built on the root of titus (“wood pigeon”), comparing Romance words for woodpigeon descended from *titō, titōn- such as Sardinian tidu, tidone, totoni; Sicilian tuduni, tutuni, Maltese tudun.

affix

Genus accipitris tinnunculum vocant rustici, qui fere in aedificiis nidos facit. Eius pulli singuli fictilibus ollis conduntur, spirantibusque opercula superponuntur, et gypso lita vasa in angulis columbariis suspenduntur: quae res avibus amorem loci sic conciliat, ne unquam deserant.

4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 8.8.7.2

1941 translation by Harrison Boyd Ash
There is a kind of hawk which the country-folk call a tinnunculus (kestrel) and which generally makes its nest in buildings. The young of this bird are enclosed separately in earthenware pots, and while they are still breathing, lids are put over the pots which are smeared with plaster and hung up in the corners of the pigeon-houses. This induces in the birds such a love for the place that they never desert it.

Ob id cum his habenda est avis quae tinnungulus vocatur; defendit enim illas terretque accipitres naturali potentia in tantum ut visum vocemque eius fugiant. Hac de causa praecipuus columbis amor eorum, feruntque, si in quattuor angulis defodiantur in ollis novis oblitis, non mutare sedem columbas

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.109.2

1940 translation by H. Rackham
For that reason the bird called kestrel must be classed with these; for it defends the pigeons, and scares the hawks by its natural powerfulness so much that they fly from sight and sound of it. For this reason wood-pigeons have a special love for kestrels, and they say that if kestrels put in new jars with their mouths sealed up are hidden in the four corners of the dovecot the pigeons do not change their abode