mus

la-noun

mūs m or f (genitive mūris); third declension

mūs (canonical feminine masculine)
mūris (genitive)
mūs (nominative singular)
mūrēs (nominative plural)
mūris (genitive singular)
mūrium (genitive plural)
mūrī (dative singular)
mūribus (dative plural)
mūrem (accusative singular)
mūrēs (accusative plural)
mūrīs (accusative plural)
mūre (ablative singular)
mūribus (ablative plural)
mūs (singular vocative)
mūrēs (plural vocative)

Padanian:

⇒ Lombard: muson (“shrew”)

⇒ Piedmontese: musèt (“shrew”); muson (“shrew, mole”)

Northern Gallo-Romance:

⇒ Franco-Provençal: musèt (“shrew”)

→ Translingual: Mus

From Proto-Italic *mūs, from Proto-Indo-European *múh₂s. Cognates include Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs), Sanskrit मूष् (mū́ṣ), Old English mūs (English mouse), Old High German mūs (German Maus), Proto-Slavic *myšь (Russian мышь (myšʹ)).

Old Galician-Portuguese: mur⇒ Galician: murar⇒ Portuguese: murarTrasmontano: muro

Valadas

⇒ Vivaro-Alpine: muret (“marmot”); mure (“marmot”)


beber

beber m (genitive bebrī); second declension

bebrī (genitive)
beber (nominative singular)
bebrī (nominative plural)
bebrī (genitive singular)
bebrōrum (genitive plural)
bebrō (dative singular)
bebrīs (dative plural)
bebrum (accusative singular)
bebrōs (accusative plural)
bebrō (ablative singular)
bebrīs (ablative plural)
beber (singular vocative)
bebrī (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: bievre, bevre, bevere, bever
Middle French: bievre
French: bièvre (archaic or dialectal)

Friulian: bivar

Italian: bevero

Galician: befre

Old Spanish: befre

Borrowing from a Germanic or Celtic language, both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus (whence Latin fiber).


fiber

la-noun

fiber m (genitive fibrī); second declension

fibrī (genitive)
fiber (nominative singular)
fibrī (nominative plural)
fibrī (genitive singular)
fibrōrum (genitive plural)
fibrō (dative singular)
fibrīs (dative plural)
fibrum (accusative singular)
fibrōs (accusative plural)
fibrō (ablative singular)
fibrīs (ablative plural)
fiber (singular vocative)
fibrī (plural vocative)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus. Doublet of beber.


castor

castor m (genitive castoris); third declension

castoris (genitive)
castor (nominative singular)
castorēs (nominative plural)
castoris (genitive singular)
castorum (genitive plural)
castorī (dative singular)
castoribus (dative plural)
castorem (accusative singular)
castorēs (accusative plural)
castore (ablative singular)
castoribus (ablative plural)
castor (singular vocative)
castorēs (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: castor

→ Old French: castor

Middle French: castor

French: castor

→ English: castor

→ Friulian: castôr

→ Galician: castor

→ Italian: castoro

→ Portuguese: castor

→ Romanian: castor

→ Spanish: castor

From Ancient Greek κάστωρ (kástōr), from Doric Greek κάστον (káston, “wood”). See also Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī, “musk”).


musculus

mūsculus m (genitive mūsculī); second declension

mūsculus (canonical masculine)
mūsculī (genitive)
mūsculus (nominative singular)
mūsculī (nominative plural)
mūsculī (genitive singular)
mūsculōrum (genitive plural)
mūsculō (dative singular)
mūsculīs (dative plural)
mūsculum (accusative singular)
mūsculōs (accusative plural)
mūsculō (ablative singular)
mūsculīs (ablative plural)
mūscule (singular vocative)
mūsculī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: musclo, muscllo

Aromanian: mushclju

Asturian: muslu

Catalan: muscle, musclo

Corsican: musculu

Italian: muscolo

Occitan: muscle

desctree

Old French: moule, moucle, moulle, mouscle
French: moule
→ Middle Dutch: mosscele
Dutch: mossel

Romanian: mușchi

Spanish: muslo

→ Albanian: muskul, mushk

→ Catalan: múscul

→ Danish: muskel

→ English: musculus (learned)

→ Middle French: muscle
French: muscle
→ Middle English: muscle
English: muscle

→ Friulian: muscul

→ Galician: músculo

→ German: Muskel

→ Proto-West Germanic: *muskulā (see there for further descendants)

→ Portuguese: músculo

→ Romansch: muscul, muscal, muscla

→ Russian: мускул (muskul)

→ Sardinian: musculu

→ Spanish: músculo

→ Swedish: muskel

[ˈmuːs̠kʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From mūs (“a mouse”) + -culus (diminutive suffix), literally “little mouse”. The “muscle” sense is a semantic loan from Ancient Greek μῦς (mûs, “mouse; muscle”).

semantic loan

(transferred sense)
(military) a shed, mantelet, shielding


glis

la-noun

glīs m (genitive glīris); third declension

glīs (canonical masculine)
glīris (genitive)
glīs (nominative singular)
glīrēs (nominative plural)
glīris (genitive singular)
glīrium (genitive plural)
glīrī (dative singular)
glīribus (dative plural)
glīrem (accusative singular)
glīrēs (accusative plural)
glīrīs (accusative plural)
glīre (ablative singular)
glīribus (ablative plural)
glīs (singular vocative)
glīrēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance

Corsican: ghjira

Italian: ghiro

Padanian:

Friulian: glîr

Ladin: ghiro

Lombard: glera

Venetian:

→ Cimbrian: glèerle

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: gllir

French: loir
→ English: loir

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: lirio; ⇒ leirón

Old Spanish: lir

⇒ Spanish: lirón
→ Catalan: liró

From Proto-Indo-European *gl̥h₁éys (“weasel, mouse”), related to Sanskrit गिरि (girí, “mouse”), Ancient Greek γαλέη (galéē, “weasel”).


sciurus

la-noun

sciūrus m (genitive sciūrī); second declension

sciūrus (canonical masculine)
sciūrī (genitive)
sciūrus (nominative singular)
sciūrī (nominative plural)
sciūrī (genitive singular)
sciūrōrum (genitive plural)
sciūrō (dative singular)
sciūrīs (dative plural)
sciūrum (accusative singular)
sciūrōs (accusative plural)
sciūrō (ablative singular)
sciūrīs (ablative plural)
sciūre (singular vocative)
sciūrī (plural vocative)

⇒ Aragonese: esquirgüelo

⇒ Asturian: esquilu

desc

⇒ Corsican: scurriolu, scurrichjolu, currachjolu; scoiattulu, scuiattulu

→ Esperanto: sciuro

⇒ Franco-Provençal: ècurél

⇒ Friulian: sghirate, sghirat

⇒ Galician: esquío

⇒ Italian: scoiattolo

⇒ Ladin: schirata

⇒ Lombard: sghiratt, sghiràt, schiràt

⇒ Old French: escurel, escureul, escuirel

Anglo-Norman: esquirel

→ Middle English: squirel, squyrelle, squerel, scurelle, squerell, scurelle, squyrell

English: squirrel

→ Ido: skurelo

→ Maltese: skwiril

French: écureuil

Gallo: étchuro

Norman: êtchutheu (Jersey)

⇒ Old Occitan:

Catalan: esquirol

Occitan: esquiròl, esquirò (Aranese), esquiròu (Gascony, Provençal), esquiròu

⇒ Piedmontese: schërieul

⇒ Portuguese: esquilo

Romanian: știur

⇒ Romansch: stgilat

⇒ Sardinian: schirrittu, schirrimatta; iscojàttulu

⇒ Sicilian: scuiàttulu, scujàttulu

→ Maltese: skojjattlu

⇒ Spanish: esquilo

→ Translingual: Sciurus

⇒ Venetian: schirato, schirat

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σκίουρος (skíouros, “squirrel”), from σκιά (skiá, “shadow”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).


sorex

la-noun

sōrex m (genitive sōricis); third declension

sōrex (canonical masculine)
sōricis (genitive)
sōrex (nominative singular)
sōricēs (nominative plural)
sōricis (genitive singular)
sōricum (genitive plural)
sōricī (dative singular)
sōricibus (dative plural)
sōricem (accusative singular)
sōricēs (accusative plural)
sōrice (ablative singular)
sōricibus (ablative plural)
sōrex (singular vocative)
sōricēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: shoaric, shorãc

Romanian: șoarece, șoarec

Dalmatian:

surco

Italo-Romance:

Italian: sorcio, sorice (archaic), sorca, sorga (Marche)

Neapolitan: sorece

Sicilian: surci, sùrici

North Italian:

Friulian: surîs

Lombard: sorec

Romansch: schuorsch

Venetian: sorxe

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: soris

French: souris
Michif: soorii

Norman: souoris

Picard:

Northern: suris

Southern: seris, seuris, soiris

⇒ Poitevin-Saintongeais: sourit

Walloon: soris

West Iberian:

Old Spanish: sorze

Spanish: sorce

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

Logudorese: sorighe

Nuorese: soriche

Translingual: Sorex

Various derived terms meaning 'bat':

desc

⇒ Dalmatian: surca pizigaun, surca pitsigaun

⇒ French: chauvesouris

⇒ Occitan: soritz pennada

⇒ Sardinian: sorighe pinnadulu

⇒ Sicilian: suriğe ulateu, sorici occelli (Calabria)

Uncertain; possibly related to susurrus (“whisper, rustling”), or Ancient Greek ὕραξ (húrax, “shrewmouse”).


rattus

la-noun

rattus m (variously declined, genitive rattī or rattūs); second declension, fourth declension

rattī (genitive)
rattūs (genitive)
rattus (nominative singular)
rattī (nominative plural)
rattūs (nominative plural)
rattī (genitive singular)
rattūs (genitive singular)
rattōrum (genitive plural)
rattuum (genitive plural)
rattō (dative singular)
rattuī (dative singular)
rattīs (dative plural)
rattibus (dative plural)
rattum (accusative singular)
rattōs (accusative plural)
rattūs (accusative plural)
rattō (ablative singular)
rattū (ablative singular)
rattīs (ablative plural)
rattibus (ablative plural)
ratte (singular vocative)
rattus (singular vocative)
rattī (plural vocative)
rattūs (plural vocative)

Catalan: rata

Galician: rato

Italian: ratto

Old French: rat, rate

Middle French: rat

French: rat

Portuguese: rato

Spanish: rata, rato, ⇒ ratón

Translingual: Rattus, Rattus rattus

Borrowed from a Germanic language, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rattaz (“rat”).


nitedula

nītēdula f (genitive nītēdulae); first declension

nītēdula (canonical feminine)
nītēdulae (genitive)
nītēdula (nominative singular)
nītēdulae (nominative plural)
nītēdulae (genitive singular)
nītēdulārum (genitive plural)
nītēdulae (dative singular)
nītēdulīs (dative plural)
nītēdulam (accusative singular)
nītēdulās (accusative plural)
nītēdulā (ablative singular)
nītēdulīs (ablative plural)
nītēdula (singular vocative)
nītēdulae (plural vocative)


hystrix

la-adj

hystrix (genitive hystricis); third-declension one-termination adjective

hystricis (genitive)
hystrix (feminine masculine neuter nominative singular)
hystricēs (feminine masculine nominative plural)
hystricia (neuter nominative plural)
hystricis (feminine genitive masculine neuter singular)
hystricium (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
hystricī (dative feminine masculine neuter singular)
hystricibus (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
hystricem (accusative feminine masculine singular)
hystrix (accusative neuter singular)
hystricēs (accusative feminine masculine plural)
hystricia (accusative neuter plural)
hystricī (ablative feminine masculine neuter singular)
hystricibus (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
hystrix (feminine masculine neuter singular vocative)
hystricēs (feminine masculine plural vocative)
hystricia (neuter plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ὕστριξ (hústrix, “porcupine”).

der

(New Latin) spiny (as a taxonomic epithet)