sesamoides

la-noun

sēsamoīdes n (genitive sēsamoīdis); third declension

sēsamoīdes (canonical neuter)
sēsamoīdis (genitive)

From Ancient Greek σησᾰμοειδής (sēsămoeidḗs, “sesame-shaped”) (neuter σησαμοειδές (sēsamoeidés)), from σήσᾰμον (sḗsămon, “sesame”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “shaped”).

der

sesamoides a similitudine nomen accepit, grano amaro, folio minore. nascitur in glareosis. detrahit bilem in aqua potum semen, inlinitur igni sacro, discutit panos. est etiamnum aliud sesamoides, Anticyrae nascens, quod ideo aliqui Anticyricon vocant, cetera simile erigeronti herbae, de qua dicemus suo loco, grano sesamae, datur in vino dulci ad detractiones quantum tribus digitis capitur.
1951 translation by W. H. S. Jones

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 22.133

Sesamoïdes has received its name from its likeness to sesame; it has a smaller leaf, and the grain is bitter. It grows on gravelly soils. Taken in water, it carries away bile. The seed is used as an application for erysipelas, and it disperses superficial abscesses. There is also another sesamoïdes, which grows at Anticyra, and is therefore called by some Anticyricon. It has the seed of sesame, but in other respects is like the plant erigeron, about which I shall speak in the proper place. A three-finger pinch is given in sweet wine as a purge.

De Sesamoide ex Dioscoride et aliis. Cap. XXXI.
Incidimus in Sesamoidum mentionem: Veratro potentia ac viribus proxima sunt, et ex purgantium numero: oportunum idcirco eorum historias ex Dioscoride et aliis hîc repetere. Duo autem ea sunt: Vnum magnum: alterum paruum.
In magni autẽ Sesamoidis descriptione inter Veteres non satis cõuenit. Plinius lib.XXII. cap.XXV. ἠριγέροντι, id est, Senetioni similem herbam scribit: Oribasius ex Rasarij quidem conuersione, Rutae similiorem facit. Sesamoides, inquit, maius folia habet Rutę similia, longa: florem album: radicem gracilem, ignauam: semen Sesamo simile, gustu amarum.
Dioscoridis verò exemplaria vtrique herbae Sesamoides istud comparant. ἔοικεν ἡ πόα, ait, ἠριγέροντι ἢ πηγάνῳ, φύλλα μακρὰ ἀνθος λουκὸν, ῥίζα ἰχνὴ ἄπρακτος, σπέρμα ὅμοιον σησάμῳ, πικρὸν ἐν τῆ γεύσει, id est Similis est herba Senetioni aut Rutae: folia longa: flos albus: radix gracilis, inefficax: semen simile sesamo, amarum in gustu.
Siue autem Dioscorides, siue alius huius descriptionis auctor extiterit, oculata fide Sesamoides magnum non agnouisse videtur; sed ex aliorum scriptis tantummodo descriptionem eius collegisse: atque idcirco disiunctiua particula ἢ vsus. ignorans videlicet cui simile Sesamoides magnum esset: Senetioni ne an Rutae. Vtrique autem simile esse, vix possibile. Sunt etenim dissimiles multum Senetio et Ruta, qualiscunque etiam ea sit, siue graueolens, siue altera Hyperico similis.
Recentiores, inter quos Io. Ruellius et nonnulli post eum, Sesamoides magnũ existimant, quod à Theophrasto Veratrum nigrum describitur. Cognominat enim ipsum Sesamaceum siue Σησαμοειδές: Anticyrenses, inquit, fructum Sesamacei Veratri dare solent. Accedit Dioscorides, qui Sesamoides magnũ apud Anticyrenses Veratrũ (si modò genuina lectio) vocari refert: et Galen in lib.De simplic.med.facult.vbi Sesamoides magnũ Anticyricũ Veratrum esse scribit.
Anticyrense siquidem Veratrum est, cuius Theophrastus meminit, et de quo cap.XXVII. Sed istud neque Senetioni, neque Rutae simile est; et non modò semine, sed et radice efficax est. Sesamoidis autem radix ἄπρακτος, hoc est, ignaua, et nullius vsus. Crediderim ego nondum repertum Sesamoides, et propter eam quam ostendimus difficultatem, non facilè agnoscendum.
Dicitur autem σησαμοειδές, vt Dioscoridis et posteriorum exemplaria habent, in Anticyra ἑλλέβορον. Causa additur, quoniã Veratro albo, in purgationibus misceatur. At propter hanc causam fortasse rectius ἑλλεβορίνη nuncupatur. Nam Helleborines semen Theophrastus ait purgationi ex Veratro misceri, quod haud aliud quàm ipsius Sesamoidis esse verisimillimum est. Hippocrates enim, Strabo et Dioscorides non aliud admisceri scribũt quàm Sesamoidis semẽ. In φοκικῇ, ait Strabo, nascitur σησαμοειδές, cui permixtũ praeparãt Oetaeũ Helleborum.
A Sesami autem forma et similitudine Sesamoides nomen, vt Plinius ait, accepit.
In abstergendo, excalfaciendo, desiccandoque similem Veratro vim, Galeno auctore, obtinct. Purgat pituitam et bilem supernè, Dioscorides refert, quantum tribus digitis capi potest, tritum, acceptum cum Veratri albi sesquiobolo, in aqua mulsa.
Eadem de hoc ferè Hippocrates sub finem lib. De victus ratione in morbis acutis, at tamen non cum aqua mulsa, sed cum aceto mulso siue oxymelite exhibet. Sesamoides, ait, sursum purgat: potio eius est drachma media in aceto mulio trita: commiscetur etiam Veratris tertia portionis pars, et minus suffocat.
De Sesamoide paruo, ex Dioscoride et aliis. Cap. XXXII.
Sesamoidi paruo, vt Dioscorides habet, dodrantales sunt coliculi, folia habentes Coronopo similia, hirsutiora tamen ac minora: in summo cauliculorum capitula sunt florum subpurpureorum, quorum medium album; in quibus semen Sesamo simile, amarum et κίῤῥον siue russum: radix tenuis. nascitur locis asperis.

1583, Rembert Dodoens, Remberti Dodonaei Mechliniensis Medici Caesarei stirpivm historiae pemptades sex. sive libri xxx., Antwerp: Christophe Plantin, page 384:

a name given to various plants resembling sesame


napellus

la-noun

nāpellus m (genitive nāpellī); second declension

nāpellus (canonical masculine)
nāpellī (genitive)
nāpellus (nominative singular)
nāpellī (nominative plural)
nāpellī (genitive singular)
nāpellōrum (genitive plural)
nāpellō (dative singular)
nāpellīs (dative plural)
nāpellum (accusative singular)
nāpellōs (accusative plural)
nāpellō (ablative singular)
nāpellīs (ablative plural)
nāpelle (singular vocative)
nāpellī (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

→ Italian: napello, nappello

Padanian:

→ Piedmontese: napel

→ Lombard: mapél

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: navel, naveau

Middle French: navel, naveau

→ English: navew, naphew

→ Middle French: napel

French: napel

Southern Gallo-Romance:

→ Catalan: napel

→ Provençal: napel

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: nabiellu

desc

Leonese: nabieyo, nabiello, nabizuela, nabilla, nabiechu, nabietsu

→ Portuguese: napello

Old Spanish: napelo, nabiello, nabillo

Mozarabic: نَبَّال (nabaːāl /nabél, napél/), نَبْيَال (/nabiél, napiél/), نَبَالُّه (nabāluːh /nabélo, napélo/), نَبْيَالُّه (/nabiélo, napiélo/), نَبِيلُّه (/nabélo, napélo/)

ref

Only in transcription of Pedro de Alcalá, 1505 edition unnumbered page 46, Lagarde’s print page 101 s.v. anapelo yerua, thence under these consonants also in Corriente, F. (1997) A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East; 29), Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 520.

→ Andalusian Arabic: نبر (/népar/)

desc

→ Spanish: anapélo, anapelo, napélo, napelo

ref

Or partially inherited from Old Castilian or reborrowed from Latin. We have to presume that Arabic authors don’t accurately mention the agglutinated Arabic article in Mozarabic transcriptions, which Mozarabic speakers used due to bilingualism, in the same fashion that less linguistically interested authors in botanical literature don’t mark the language as opposed to the origin of a plant-name distinctly.

English: napelline

[näːˈpɛlːʲʊs̠]

nāpus + -ellus. Apparently fabricated independently once after the vernaculars in Spain denoting their local subspecies Aconitum napellus subsp. castellanum, whereas in general the plant was unknown in Southern Europe and hence to the Romans, see distribution of subspecies on German Wikipedia, thereafter only to some alpine subspecies later learned in Northwestern Italy, and once in Northern France to denote a turnip.

Aconitum napellus
Aconitum napellus#Translingual

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) monkshood (Aconitum napellus)


tinnunculus

la-noun

tinnunculus m (genitive tinnunculī); second declension

tinnunculī (genitive)
tinnunculus (nominative singular)
tinnunculī (nominative plural)
tinnunculī (genitive singular)
tinnunculōrum (genitive plural)
tinnunculō (dative singular)
tinnunculīs (dative plural)
tinnunculum (accusative singular)
tinnunculōs (accusative plural)
tinnunculō (ablative singular)
tinnunculīs (ablative plural)
tinnuncule (singular vocative)
tinnunculī (plural vocative)

desc

Translingual: Falco tinnunculus (“common kestrel”)

[t̪ɪnˈnʊŋkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

Possibly from tinniō (“to shriek”, verb) + -unculus (diminutive) if the reading tinn- is correct. Manuscripts show variation in the form of the word. Lindsay 1918 argues that the correct reading is titi- (found in a manuscript of Columella but not of Pliny) and derives the word from an n-stem noun *titiō, titiōn- built on the root of titus (“wood pigeon”), comparing Romance words for woodpigeon descended from *titō, titōn- such as Sardinian tidu, tidone, totoni; Sicilian tuduni, tutuni, Maltese tudun.

affix

Genus accipitris tinnunculum vocant rustici, qui fere in aedificiis nidos facit. Eius pulli singuli fictilibus ollis conduntur, spirantibusque opercula superponuntur, et gypso lita vasa in angulis columbariis suspenduntur: quae res avibus amorem loci sic conciliat, ne unquam deserant.

4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica 8.8.7.2

1941 translation by Harrison Boyd Ash
There is a kind of hawk which the country-folk call a tinnunculus (kestrel) and which generally makes its nest in buildings. The young of this bird are enclosed separately in earthenware pots, and while they are still breathing, lids are put over the pots which are smeared with plaster and hung up in the corners of the pigeon-houses. This induces in the birds such a love for the place that they never desert it.

Ob id cum his habenda est avis quae tinnungulus vocatur; defendit enim illas terretque accipitres naturali potentia in tantum ut visum vocemque eius fugiant. Hac de causa praecipuus columbis amor eorum, feruntque, si in quattuor angulis defodiantur in ollis novis oblitis, non mutare sedem columbas

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.109.2

1940 translation by H. Rackham
For that reason the bird called kestrel must be classed with these; for it defends the pigeons, and scares the hawks by its natural powerfulness so much that they fly from sight and sound of it. For this reason wood-pigeons have a special love for kestrels, and they say that if kestrels put in new jars with their mouths sealed up are hidden in the four corners of the dovecot the pigeons do not change their abode


bahobab

bahobāb (canonical masculine)
bahobāb (nominative singular)
bahobāb (nominative plural)
bahobāb (genitive singular)
bahobāb (genitive plural)
bahobāb (dative singular)
bahobāb (dative plural)
bahobāb (accusative singular)
bahobāb (accusative plural)
bahobāb (ablative singular)
bahobāb (ablative plural)
bahobāb (singular vocative)
bahobāb (plural vocative)

→ Arabic: بَاوْبَاب (bāwbāb)

desctree

→ English: baobab
→ Japanese: バオバブ (baobabu)

→ French: baobab
Mauritian Creole: baobab
→ Vietnamese: bao báp

→ Italian: baobab

→ Greek: μπάομπαμπ n (báompamp)

→ Russian: баоба́б (baobáb)
→ Kazakh: баобаб (baobab)

Borrowed from Arabic أَبُو حِبَاب (ʔabū ḥibāb, “father of many seeds”), from أَبُو (ʔabū, “father”) + حَبّ (ḥabb, “seed”).

bor+

أَبُو حِبَاب


betaceus

la-adj

bētāceus (feminine bētācea, neuter bētāceum); first/second-declension adjective

bētāceus (canonical)
bētācea (feminine)
bētāceum (neuter)
bētāceus (masculine nominative singular)
bētācea (feminine nominative singular)
bētāceum (neuter nominative singular)
bētāceī (masculine nominative singular)
bētāceae (feminine nominative plural)
bētācea (neuter nominative plural)
bētāceī (genitive masculine singular)
bētāceae (feminine genitive singular)
bētāceī (genitive neuter singular)
bētāceōrum (genitive masculine singular)
bētāceārum (feminine genitive plural)
bētāceōrum (genitive neuter plural)
bētāceō (dative masculine singular)
bētāceae (dative feminine singular)
bētāceō (dative neuter singular)
bētāceīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
bētāceum (accusative masculine singular)
bētāceam (accusative feminine singular)
bētāceum (accusative neuter singular)
bētāceōs (accusative masculine singular)
bētāceās (accusative feminine plural)
bētācea (accusative neuter plural)
bētāceō (ablative masculine singular)
bētāceā (ablative feminine singular)
bētāceō (ablative neuter singular)
bētāceīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
bētācee (masculine singular vocative)
bētācea (feminine singular vocative)
bētāceum (neuter singular vocative)
bētāceī (masculine singular vocative)
bētāceae (feminine plural vocative)
bētācea (neuter plural vocative)

From bēta (beet) + -āceus (adjective-forming suffix).

af

Dic sodes, inquit Fundanius; nam malo de meis pedibus audire, quam quem ad modum pedes betaceos seri oporteat

Marcus Terentius Varro, De Re Rustica 1.2.27

“Tell me if you wouldn’t mind,” said Fundanius; “for I prefer to hear of my feet than how beet-roots ought to be planted.”


halica

la-noun

halica f (genitive halicae); first declension

halicae (genitive)
halica (nominative singular)
halicae (nominative plural)
halicae (genitive singular)
halicārum (genitive plural)
halicae (dative singular)
halicīs (dative plural)
halicam (accusative singular)
halicās (accusative plural)
halicā (ablative singular)
halicīs (ablative plural)
halica (singular vocative)
halicae (plural vocative)


lysimachia

lȳsimachia f (genitive lȳsimachiae); first declension

lȳsimachia (canonical feminine)
lȳsimachiae (genitive)
lȳsimachia (nominative singular)
lȳsimachiae (nominative plural)
lȳsimachiae (genitive singular)
lȳsimachiārum (genitive plural)
lȳsimachiae (dative singular)
lȳsimachiīs (dative plural)
lȳsimachiam (accusative singular)
lȳsimachiās (accusative plural)
lȳsimachiā (ablative singular)
lȳsimachiīs (ablative plural)
lȳsimachia (singular vocative)
lȳsimachiae (plural vocative)

→ French: lysimaque

→ Translingual: Lysimachia

[lʲyːs̠ɪˈmäkʰiä]

From Ancient Greek λυσιμαχία (lusimakhía). According to Pliny the Elder, named for its discoverer Lysimachus.

[…] item Lysimachia pota vel inlita vel naribus indita, […]
1855–1857 translation by John Bostock and H. T. Riley

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 26.LXXXII

In such cases, lysimachia also is taken in drink, applied topically, or introduced into the nostrils; […]

Lythrum salicaria
Lythrum salicaria#Translingual

loosestrife: purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) or yellow loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris)