pareas

parēās m (genitive parēae); first declension

parēās (canonical masculine)
parēae (genitive)
parēās (nominative singular)
parēae (nominative plural)
parēae (genitive singular)
parēārum (genitive plural)
parēae (dative singular)
parēīs (dative plural)
parēān (accusative singular)
parēās (accusative plural)
parēā (ablative singular)
parēīs (ablative plural)
parēā (singular vocative)
parēae (plural vocative)

Italian: farea

→ Translingual: Pareas

[päˈreːäːs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παρείας (pareías).

A kind of legendary snake, that creates a furrow anytime it moves


cucurbita

la-noun

cucurbita f (genitive cucurbitae); first declension

cucurbitae (genitive)
cucurbita (nominative singular)
cucurbitae (nominative plural)
cucurbitae (genitive singular)
cucurbitārum (genitive plural)
cucurbitae (dative singular)
cucurbitīs (dative plural)
cucurbitam (accusative singular)
cucurbitās (accusative plural)
cucurbitā (ablative singular)
cucurbitīs (ablative plural)
cucurbita (singular vocative)
cucurbitae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: curcubetã

Franco-Provençal: corda, gorda

Old French: gurde, gourde

Middle French:

French: courge, gourde

→ Middle English: gourde

English: gourd

Friulian: çucje, čučhe

Italian: cocuzza, zucca

Occitan: cogorda, cocorda, gorda

Piedmontese: suca

Portuguese: cucúrbita

Romanian: curcubetă

Romansch: zitga, zetga, zücha, zucca

desc

Sardinian: curcuvica, cocorfica, cocorvica, corcoriga, colcorija, curcufica, crocoriga, tzoca

Sicilian: cucuzza

Spanish: cucúrbita

Venetan: suca, zhuca, zuca, cucucìa

→ Albanian: kulte

→ Esperanto: kukurbo

→ Old French: cucurbite (learned)

Middle French: cucurbite

→ Middle Dutch: cucurbite

→ Old English: cucurbite

Middle English: cocurbite, concurbite, cucurbita, cucurbite

English: cucurbit

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kurbit (see there for further descendants)

→ Italian: cucurbita (learned)

Possibly a loanword related to cucumis (“cucumber”), or to corbis (“basket”), corbīta (“freight vessel”). Maybe from Sanskrit चिर्भट m (cirbhaṭa, “long melon, Cucumis melo subsp. melo var. conomon syn. Cucumis melo var. utilissimus”), चर्भट m (carbhaṭa, “idem”), चिर्भटी f (cirbhaṭī, “idem”), but the mediation is unknown. Compare Old English hwerhwette.

der

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual

(Classical Latin, Late Latin, Medieval Latin) gourd, calabash (varieties of Lagenaria siceraria)

round or oval or similar varieties allowed to ripen, by which time they are inedible because they harden, and used as vessels or for making instruments

Lagenaria siceraria var. longissima#Translingual

long, snake- or cucumber-like varieties eaten unripe, similar to the modern Lagenaria siceraria var. longissima still grown in the south of Italy (in widespread terms, resembling zucchini or courgettes but with the texture of potato)


lucius

la-noun

lūcius m (genitive lūciī or lūcī); second declension

lūcius (canonical masculine)
lūciī (genitive)
lūcī (genitive)
lūcius (nominative singular)
lūciī (nominative plural)
lūciī (genitive singular)
lūcī (genitive singular)
lūciōrum (genitive plural)
lūciō (dative singular)
lūciīs (dative plural)
lūcium (accusative singular)
lūciōs (accusative plural)
lūciō (ablative singular)
lūciīs (ablative plural)
lūcī (singular vocative)
lūciī (plural vocative)

Catalan: lluç, → luci (learned)

→ English: lucy

Old French: lus

→ English: luce

→ Irish: liús

Italian: luccio

Piedmontese: luss

Spanish: lucio

[ˈɫ̪uːkiʊs̠]


damma

damma f (genitive dammae); first declension

dammae (genitive)
damma (nominative singular)
dammae (nominative plural)
dammae (genitive singular)
dammārum (genitive plural)
dammae (dative singular)
dammīs (dative plural)
dammam (accusative singular)
dammās (accusative plural)
dammā (ablative singular)
dammīs (ablative plural)
damma (singular vocative)
dammae (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: dāmus

Old French: dain

Middle French: dain

French: daim

→ Catalan: daina

From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to domesticate, tame”), the same root of Latin domō (“I tame”) and English tame.


cyperus

la-noun

cypērus f (genitive cypērī); second declension

cypērus (canonical feminine)
cypērī (genitive)
cypērus (nominative singular)
cypērī (nominative plural)
cypērī (genitive singular)
cypērōrum (genitive plural)
cypērō (dative singular)
cypērīs (dative plural)
cypērum (accusative singular)
cypērōs (accusative plural)
cypērō (ablative singular)
cypērīs (ablative plural)
cypēre (singular vocative)
cypērī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Cyperus

Italian: cipero


luscinia

luscinia f (genitive lusciniae); first declension

lusciniae (genitive)
luscinia (nominative singular)
lusciniae (nominative plural)
lusciniae (genitive singular)
lusciniārum (genitive plural)
lusciniae (dative singular)
lusciniīs (dative plural)
lusciniam (accusative singular)
lusciniās (accusative plural)
lusciniā (ablative singular)
lusciniīs (ablative plural)
luscinia (singular vocative)
lusciniae (plural vocative)

Italian: usignolo

Old French: losseignol, lourseignos

Old Occitan: rossinhol

Catalan: rossinyol

→ French: rossignol

Occitan: rossinhòl

→ Old Galician-Portuguese:

desc

Galician: reiseñor, rousinol, reissenhor, roussinol, rouxinol (reintegrationist)

Portuguese: rouxinol

→ Spanish: ruiseñor

→ Ladin: rusignûl

Romansch: luschaina

[ɫ̪ʊs̠ˈkɪniä]

Possibly from luscus (“one-eyed”) + canō (“sing”).


anthus

la-noun

anthus m (genitive anthī); second declension

anthī (genitive)
anthus (nominative singular)
anthī (nominative plural)
anthī (genitive singular)
anthōrum (genitive plural)
anthō (dative singular)
anthīs (dative plural)
anthum (accusative singular)
anthōs (accusative plural)
anthō (ablative singular)
anthīs (ablative plural)
anthe (singular vocative)
anthī (plural vocative)

[ˈän̪t̪ʰʊs̠]

a small bird, possibly the yellow wagtail.


scirpus

scirpus m (genitive scirpī); second declension

scirpī (genitive)
scirpus (nominative singular)
scirpī (nominative plural)
scirpī (genitive singular)
scirpōrum (genitive plural)
scirpō (dative singular)
scirpīs (dative plural)
scirpum (accusative singular)
scirpōs (accusative plural)
scirpō (ablative singular)
scirpīs (ablative plural)
scirpe (singular vocative)
scirpī (plural vocative)

French: scirpe

Italian: scirpo

Sicilian: scirpu

Translingual: Scirpus

Uncertain. Possibly from a root similar to Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerbʰ- (“to turn (around), wind”) (compare corbis (“basket”), Ancient Greek κάρφος (kárphos, “stalk, straw”), and descendants of Proto-Balto-Slavic *karbás and Proto-West Germanic *korb (“basket”)), but an inherited origin for all of these is controversial. Even if scirp- is indeed related to this set, the phonetics (root vowel i, coda p) are incongruent with inheritance from PIE and so might indicate a wanderwort or substrate language source. Alternatively, de Vaan tentatively suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerp- (“to pluck, cut off”), whence carpō (“to pluck harvest”).
The figurative sense derives from the plaiting of rushes to make intricate patterns.


camela

la-noun

camēla f (genitive camēlae, masculine camēlus); first declension

camēla (canonical feminine)
camēlae (genitive)
camēlus (masculine)
camēla (nominative singular)
camēlae (nominative plural)
camēlae (genitive singular)
camēlārum (genitive plural)
camēlae (dative singular)
camēlīs (dative plural)
camēlam (accusative singular)
camēlās (accusative plural)
camēlā (ablative singular)
camēlīs (ablative plural)
camēla (singular vocative)
camēlae (plural vocative)


castanea

castanea f (genitive castaneae); first declension

castaneae (genitive)
castanea (nominative singular)
castaneae (nominative plural)
castaneae (genitive singular)
castaneārum (genitive plural)
castaneae (dative singular)
castaneīs (dative plural)
castaneam (accusative singular)
castaneās (accusative plural)
castaneā (ablative singular)
castaneīs (ablative plural)
castanea (singular vocative)
castaneae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cãstãnji

Megleno-Romanian: căstǫn'ă

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: castagna

Italian: castagna (see there for further descendants)

Neapolitan: castagna

Sicilian: castagna

Padanian:

Friulian: cjastine

Venetan: castegna

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: castanya

Franco-Provençal: châtagne

Old French: chastaigne (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: castanha

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: castaña

Old Galician-Portuguese: castanna

Galician: castaña

Portuguese: castanha

desctree

Old Spanish: castanna
Spanish: castaña (see there for further descendants)

→ Albanian: gështenjë

→ Basque: gaztaina

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: kistin

Cornish: kesten

Welsh: castan ⇒ castanwydd

→ Czech: kaštan

→ Estonian: kasta

→ Old Irish: castán

Irish: castán

Manx: castan

Scottish Gaelic: castan

→ Latgalian: kaštans

→ Latvian: kastanis

→ Lithuanian: kaštonas

→ Macedonian: костен (kosten)

→ Polish: kasztan

→ Ukrainian: каштан (kaštan)

→ Russian: каштан (kaštan)

→ Slovak: gaštan

→ Slovene: kostanj

→ Translingual: Castanea

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kastannjā (see there for further descendants)

From Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia), from κᾰ́στᾰνᾰ (kắstănă).

Stant et iūniperī et castaneae hirsūtae

Here stand junipers and shaggy chestnut trees


aranea

la-noun

arānea f (genitive arāneae); first declension

arānea (canonical feminine)
arāneae (genitive)
arānea (nominative singular)
arāneae (nominative plural)
arāneae (genitive singular)
arāneārum (genitive plural)
arāneae (dative singular)
arāneīs (dative plural)
arāneam (accusative singular)
arāneās (accusative plural)
arāneā (ablative singular)
arāneīs (ablative plural)
arānea (singular vocative)
arāneae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: arãnji, rãnji

Megleno-Romanian: rănă

Romanian: râie

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: aragna

Italian: aragna, ragna

Neapolitan:

Apulian: aragna, regna

Sicilian: rugna

Calabrian: ragna

Insular Romance:

Sardinian:

desc

Campidanese: arangia, arrungia, rungia, orrungia

Logudorese: ranza, runza

North Italian:

Emilian: râgna

Friulian: rogne

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: raja

Ligurian: ägna

Monegasque: aragna

Western: ragna

Romagnol: râgna

Venetan: rogna

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: aranya

Catalan: aranya, ronya

Old Occitan: aranha, eranha

Occitan: aranha

Franco-Provençal: aragne

Old French: araigne, ireigne, roigne

Middle French: araigne, hyraigne, rongne

French: aragne, araigne, rogne

Gallo: irâgne

Lorrain: airaigne

Poitevin-Saintongeais: éregne, érogne, aregne, iragne, urogne

Picard: aronne

Walloon: araegne

desctree

→ Middle English: arayne
English: arran, arrand (dialectal, obsolete)

⇒ Old French: areignee

Middle French: araignee

French: araignée

Haitian Creole: areye, zariyen

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: araina

Old Leonese:

Asturian: araña

Old Galician-Portuguese: aranna
Fala: araña
Galician: araña
Portuguese: aranha
Kabuverdianu: aranha
Papiamentu: araña

Old Spanish: aranna
Ladino: aranya
Spanish: araña

Borrowings:

→ Old English: renġe

→ Esperanto: araneo

→ Interlingua: aranea

Either from Ancient Greek ἀράχνη (arákhnē) (or a byform *ἀράχνεα (*arákhnea)), through an early intermediate like *aragnea, or from the same unknown source. Due to phonetic difficulties, the latter scenario may be more likely.

(figuratively) threads similar to spiders' webs


carduus

la-noun

carduus m (genitive carduī); second declension

carduī (genitive)
carduus (nominative singular)
carduī (nominative plural)
carduī (genitive singular)
carduōrum (genitive plural)
carduō (dative singular)
carduīs (dative plural)
carduum (accusative singular)
carduōs (accusative plural)
carduō (ablative singular)
carduīs (ablative plural)
cardue (singular vocative)
carduī (plural vocative)

Italian: cardo

q

from Medieval Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">cardō</i>

Old French: (from Medieval Latin cardō)

French: chardon

Old Occitan: cardon (from Medieval Latin cardō)

→ Italian: cardone

→ Middle French: cardon

French: cardon

→ English: cardoon

→ Sicilian: carduni

Old Occitan: carda f (possibly, or from *caritō, from carō (“to comb”))

Catalan: card

→ Old French: carde

desctree

French: carde
→ English: chard
→ Romanian: carda

→ English: card (“comb”)

→ Dutch: kaarden

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: cardo

Portuguese: cardo

Old Spanish:

Spanish: cardo

Piedmontese: card

Sicilian: cardu

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kardā f (see there for further descendants)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to scratch, scrape, rub, card”). See also Middle Low German harsch (“hairy”), Russian короста (korosta, “scab”), Old Church Slavonic краста (krasta), Lithuanian karsiu (“to comb”).


frumentum

la-noun

frūmentum n (genitive frūmentī); second declension

frūmentum (canonical neuter)
frūmentī (genitive)
frūmentum (nominative singular)
frūmenta (nominative plural)
frūmentī (genitive singular)
frūmentōrum (genitive plural)
frūmentō (dative singular)
frūmentīs (dative plural)
frūmentum (accusative singular)
frūmenta (accusative plural)
frūmentō (ablative singular)
frūmentīs (ablative plural)
frūmentum (singular vocative)
frūmenta (plural vocative)

Italo-Dalmatian:

Dalmatian: furmiant

Italian: frumento, fromento, formento

Sicilian: frummentu

Venetan: formento, ⇒ formenton

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: forment

Romansch: frument

Gallo-Italic:

Lombard: forment, ⇒ formenton

Piedmontese: forment, ⇒ formenton

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: forment

Franco-Provençal: froment

desctree

Old French: froment, ferment, formant, forment, fronment, furment
Middle French: froment, forment, fourment
French: froment
→? Middle English: furment, firment, frument

⇒ Old French: fourmenté

Middle French: fromenté

→ Hungarian: furmint

→ Middle English: furmente

English: frumenty

[fruːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *frūgməntom, equivalent to fruor (“I use, enjoy”) + -mentum (instrumental suffix); ultimately, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-mn̥-to-m.

affix

Mūnīre urbem, frūmentum convehere, tela arma parāre.

27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 29.4

To strengthen the defences of the city, to accumulate stores of grain, to prepare a supply of weapons and armour.


abiga

la-noun

abiga f (genitive abigae); first declension

abigae (genitive)
abiga (nominative singular)
abigae (nominative plural)
abigae (genitive singular)
abigārum (genitive plural)
abigae (dative singular)
abigīs (dative plural)
abigam (accusative singular)
abigās (accusative plural)
abigā (ablative singular)
abigīs (ablative plural)
abiga (singular vocative)
abigae (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Ajuga

From abigō (“force birth, cause an abortion”).

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 24.29

300 CE – 400 CE, Pseudo-Apuleius, Herbarium 27

Ajuga chamaepitys
Ajuga chamaepitys#Translingual

a flowering plant known as yellow bugle or Ajuga chamaepitys used in medicine to induce an abortion.


caprimulgus

caprimulgus m (genitive caprimulgī); second declension

caprimulgī (genitive)
caprimulgus (nominative singular)
caprimulgī (nominative plural)
caprimulgī (genitive singular)
caprimulgōrum (genitive plural)
caprimulgō (dative singular)
caprimulgīs (dative plural)
caprimulgum (accusative singular)
caprimulgōs (accusative plural)
caprimulgō (ablative singular)
caprimulgīs (ablative plural)
caprimulge (singular vocative)
caprimulgī (plural vocative)

Italian: caprimulgo

Translingual: Caprimulgus

→ Dutch: geitenmelker (calque)

[käprɪˈmʊɫ̪ɡʊs̠]

From capra (“goat”) + mulgeō (“I milk”). The sense "nightjar" is first attested in Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia and represents a partial calque of Ancient Greek αἰγοθήλας (aigothḗlas), following Aristotle's claim in Historia animalium that certain nocturnal birds - often identified as nightjars - suck milk from the udders of goats.

cal

a nightjar (from the belief that they sucked the milk from goats)


cracca

la-noun

cracca f (genitive craccae); first declension

craccae (genitive)
cracca (nominative singular)
craccae (nominative plural)
craccae (genitive singular)
craccārum (genitive plural)
craccae (dative singular)
craccīs (dative plural)
craccam (accusative singular)
craccās (accusative plural)
craccā (ablative singular)
craccīs (ablative plural)
cracca (singular vocative)
craccae (plural vocative)

A type of pulse thought to be wild vetch


zinzala

zinzala f (genitive zinzalae); first declension

zinzalae (genitive)
zinzala (nominative singular)
zinzalae (nominative plural)
zinzalae (genitive singular)
zinzalārum (genitive plural)
zinzalae (dative singular)
zinzalīs (dative plural)
zinzalam (accusative singular)
zinzalās (accusative plural)
zinzalā (ablative singular)
zinzalīs (ablative plural)
zinzala (singular vocative)
zinzalae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: tsãntsar

Italian: zanzara

Megleno-Romanian: ţănţar

Old French: cincele

Romanian: țânțar

>? Spanish: cénzalo

Venetan: sginsała, sginzała

[ˈd̪͡z̪ɪn̪d̪͡z̪äɫ̪ä]

[ˈd̪͡z̪ind̪͡z̪älä]

onomatopoeic

imitative/onomatopoetic


zizyphum

la-noun

zīzyphum n (genitive zīzyphī); second declension

zīzyphum (canonical neuter)
zīzyphī (genitive)
zīzyphum (nominative singular)
zīzypha (nominative plural)
zīzyphī (genitive singular)
zīzyphōrum (genitive plural)
zīzyphō (dative singular)
zīzyphīs (dative plural)
zīzyphum (accusative singular)
zīzypha (accusative plural)
zīzyphō (ablative singular)
zīzyphīs (ablative plural)
zīzyphum (singular vocative)
zīzypha (plural vocative)

See zīzyphus

[ˈd̪͡z̪iːz̪d̪͡z̪ʏpʰʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek ζίζυφον n (zízuphon). Latin zīzyphus denotes the tree.


zizyphus

zīzyphus f (genitive zīzyphī); second declension

zīzyphus (canonical feminine)
zīzyphī (genitive)
zīzyphus (nominative singular)
zīzyphī (nominative plural)
zīzyphī (genitive singular)
zīzyphōrum (genitive plural)
zīzyphō (dative singular)
zīzyphīs (dative plural)
zīzyphum (accusative singular)
zīzyphōs (accusative plural)
zīzyphō (ablative singular)
zīzyphīs (ablative plural)
zīzyphe (singular vocative)
zīzyphī (plural vocative)

desc

Medieval Latin: zizuphum, zizufum, zizupus, zuzipus

Gallo-Italic:

Lombard: zeubia

Occitano-Romance:

Gascon: josiba

Languedocien: zusuba

→ French: jujube

→ English: jujube

→ German: Jujube

→ Polish: jujuba

→ Portuguese: jujuba

→ Romanian: jujuba

→ Russian: юю́ба (jujúba), жужу́ба (žužúba), жужу́б (žužúb)

⇒ Medieval Latin: *zīzula, *zīnzula

Italo-Romance:

Italian: giuggiola, giuggiolo

Sicilian: nzìnzola

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: zozla, zézula, zizla, zezla

Ligurian: zìzoa

Lombard: sìsol

Piedmontese: zìzola

Occitano-Romance:

Aragonese: chinchol, chincholo

Catalan: gínjol

→ Spanish: guinja, guinjo, guínjol, jinja, jinjo, jínjol

Occitan: chichola, chichorla, gijola, ginjorla

→ Serbo-Croatian: žižula

→ Translingual: Zizyphus

[ˈd̪͡z̪iːz̪d̪͡z̪ʏpʰʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek ζίζυφον n (zízuphon). Latin zīzyphum denotes the fruit.

Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus jujuba#Translingual


zmintha

la-noun

zmintha f (genitive zminthae); first declension

zminthae (genitive)
zmintha (nominative singular)
zminthae (nominative plural)
zminthae (genitive singular)
zminthārum (genitive plural)
zminthae (dative singular)
zminthīs (dative plural)
zmintham (accusative singular)
zminthās (accusative plural)
zminthā (ablative singular)
zminthīs (ablative plural)
zmintha (singular vocative)
zminthae (plural vocative)

[ˈz̪mɪn̪t̪ʰä]

Presumably from menta, mintha, though the precise origin of the z- is obscure. See menta for more.

Namque et ocimum senectute degenerat in serpyllum, et sisymbrium in zmintham, et ex semine brassicae vetere rapa fiunt, atque invicem.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 19.57.176

For basil decays with old age into wild thyme, and water mint into zmintha, and turnips are produced from old cabbage seed, and so forth.

(hapax) a type of mint, or simply an alternative form of menta (“mint”)


cervinus

la-adj

cervīnus (feminine cervīna, neuter cervīnum); first/second-declension adjective

cervīnus (canonical)
cervīna (feminine)
cervīnum (neuter)
cervīnus (masculine nominative singular)
cervīna (feminine nominative singular)
cervīnum (neuter nominative singular)
cervīnī (masculine nominative singular)
cervīnae (feminine nominative plural)
cervīna (neuter nominative plural)
cervīnī (genitive masculine singular)
cervīnae (feminine genitive singular)
cervīnī (genitive neuter singular)
cervīnōrum (genitive masculine singular)
cervīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
cervīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
cervīnō (dative masculine singular)
cervīnae (dative feminine singular)
cervīnō (dative neuter singular)
cervīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
cervīnum (accusative masculine singular)
cervīnam (accusative feminine singular)
cervīnum (accusative neuter singular)
cervīnōs (accusative masculine singular)
cervīnās (accusative feminine plural)
cervīna (accusative neuter plural)
cervīnō (ablative masculine singular)
cervīnā (ablative feminine singular)
cervīnō (ablative neuter singular)
cervīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
cervīne (masculine singular vocative)
cervīna (feminine singular vocative)
cervīnum (neuter singular vocative)
cervīnī (masculine singular vocative)
cervīnae (feminine plural vocative)
cervīna (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: cerví

→ English: cervine

Galician: cerviño

Italian: cervino

Portuguese: cervino

Spanish: cervino


cicindela

la-noun

cicindēla f (genitive cicindēlae); first declension

cicindēla (canonical feminine)
cicindēlae (genitive)
cicindēla (nominative singular)
cicindēlae (nominative plural)
cicindēlae (genitive singular)
cicindēlārum (genitive plural)
cicindēlae (dative singular)
cicindēlīs (dative plural)
cicindēlam (accusative singular)
cicindēlās (accusative plural)
cicindēlā (ablative singular)
cicindēlīs (ablative plural)
cicindēla (singular vocative)
cicindēlae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Cicindela

French: cicindèle

[kɪkɪn̪ˈd̪eːɫ̪ä]

[t͡ʃit͡ʃin̪ˈd̪ɛːlä]

From reduplicated stem of candeō (“shine, glitter; glow”) + -ēla.


veredus

verēdus m (genitive verēdī); second declension

verēdus (canonical masculine)
verēdī (genitive)
verēdus (nominative singular)
verēdī (nominative plural)
verēdī (genitive singular)
verēdōrum (genitive plural)
verēdō (dative singular)
verēdīs (dative plural)
verēdum (accusative singular)
verēdōs (accusative plural)
verēdō (ablative singular)
verēdīs (ablative plural)
verēde (singular vocative)
verēdī (plural vocative)

>? Galician: verea (or directly from Celtic)

>? Portuguese: vereda (or directly from Celtic)

>? Spanish: vereda (or directly from Celtic)

desctree

→ Byzantine Greek: βέρεδος (béredos), βέρηδος (bérēdos), βέραιδος (béraidos), βέρηδον (bérēdon), βέρεδον (béredon), βέραιδον (béraidon), βέριδον (béridon), βήριδον (bḗridon)
→ Arabic: بَرِيد (barīd)

[u̯ɛˈreːd̪ʊs̠]

From Gaulish *werēdos, from Proto-Celtic *uɸoreidos (“horse”) (compare Welsh gorwydd (“horse”)).

A fast or light breed of horse; courier's horse; hunter.


paraveredus

la-noun

paraverēdus m (genitive paraverēdī); second declension

paraverēdus (canonical masculine)
paraverēdī (genitive)
paraverēdus (nominative singular)
paraverēdī (nominative plural)
paraverēdī (genitive singular)
paraverēdōrum (genitive plural)
paraverēdō (dative singular)
paraverēdīs (dative plural)
paraverēdum (accusative singular)
paraverēdōs (accusative plural)
paraverēdō (ablative singular)
paraverēdīs (ablative plural)
paraverēde (singular vocative)
paraverēdī (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: palefreid, palefrei, palefroi, palefroid
→ Middle Dutch: palefroot
Dutch: palefroot
→ Middle English: palfrey
English: palfrey
Middle French: palefroy
French: palefroi

Old Occitan: palafré

Catalan: palafrè, palafré (Valencia)

→ Galician: palafrén

→ Italian: palafreno

→ Portuguese: palafrém

→ Spanish: palafrén

desc

→ Ancient Greek: παραβέρεδος (parabéredos)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *parafred (see there for further descendants)

[päräu̯ɛˈreːd̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek παρά (pará) + verēdus, perhaps an analogical formation to parhippus from Ancient Greek πάριππος (párippos). Cf. epiraedium (“cart, barrow”), similarly formed of a Greek prefix and a Gaulish root, which may indicate a Gallo-Greek provenance in both cases.

(Late Latin) a horse for travel off public roads or to out of the way places

(specifically) a gift of palfrey (such a horse offered as a tribute by provincials to visiting public officials)


oxalis

la-noun

oxalis f (genitive oxalidis); third declension

oxalidis (genitive)
oxalis (nominative singular)
oxalidēs (nominative plural)
oxalidis (genitive singular)
oxalidum (genitive plural)
oxalidī (dative singular)
oxalidibus (dative plural)
oxalidem (accusative singular)
oxalidēs (accusative plural)
oxalide (ablative singular)
oxalidibus (ablative plural)
oxalis (singular vocative)
oxalidēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Oxalis


agaso

agāsō m (genitive agāsōnis); third declension

agāsō (canonical masculine)
agāsōnis (genitive)
agāsō (nominative singular)
agāsōnēs (nominative plural)
agāsōnis (genitive singular)
agāsōnum (genitive plural)
agāsōnī (dative singular)
agāsōnibus (dative plural)
agāsōnem (accusative singular)
agāsōnēs (accusative plural)
agāsōne (ablative singular)
agāsōnibus (ablative plural)
agāsō (singular vocative)
agāsōnēs (plural vocative)

Italian: agasone

desc

Sardinian: agasone, asone, basone, basoni, gasone

A driver, especially one who drives and takes care of horses; groom, hostler, stable boy.


agna

la-noun

agna f (genitive agnae); first declension

agnae (genitive)
agna (nominative singular)
agnae (nominative plural)
agnae (genitive singular)
agnārum (genitive plural)
agnae (dative singular)
agnīs (dative plural)
agnam (accusative singular)
agnās (accusative plural)
agnā (ablative singular)
agnīs (ablative plural)
agna (singular vocative)
agnae (plural vocative)

From agnus (“lamb”) + -a (feminine suffix).


alauda

alauda f (genitive alaudae); first declension

alaudae (genitive)
alauda (nominative singular)
alaudae (nominative plural)
alaudae (genitive singular)
alaudārum (genitive plural)
alaudae (dative singular)
alaudīs (dative plural)
alaudam (accusative singular)
alaudās (accusative plural)
alaudā (ablative singular)
alaudīs (ablative plural)
alauda (singular vocative)
alaudae (plural vocative)

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: aloda

Catalan: alosa, alova

Old French: aloe, aloel, aloëte ⇒ aloel, aloëte

French: alouette, aloyau

Gascon: alauda, alausa ⇒ alaudeta, laudeta, alauseta, lauseta

Old Occitan: alauza

Auvergnat: alausa

⇒ Languedocien: alauseta, lauseta

Limousin: lauva ⇒ alauveta, lauveta

⇒ Limousin: alauseta, alauveta

⇒ Walloon: ålouwete, alôye

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *alaudula

Italo-Romance:

Italian: allodola, lodola

North-Italian:

Friulian: lodule, odule

Ladino: lodola

Ligurian: lödoa

desc

Lombard: lodra, lodla, lodna, loldra, lolda, loda

Piedmontese: lodna, lodra

Romansch: lodola

Ibero-Romance:

Spanish: alondra

Sardinian: allòdola

Borrowings:

→ Translingual: Alauda, genus

[äˈɫ̪äu̯d̪ä]

[äˈläːu̯d̪ä]

Borrowed from Gaulish *alawda (“skylark”), literally "tuft." Compare Proto-Germanic *laiwarikǭ (“lark”), which could share a Celto-Germanic substratum.


alcedo

la-noun

alcēdō f (genitive alcēdinis); third declension

alcēdō (canonical feminine)
alcēdinis (genitive)
alcēdō (nominative singular)
alcēdinēs (nominative plural)
alcēdinis (genitive singular)
alcēdinum (genitive plural)
alcēdinī (dative singular)
alcēdinibus (dative plural)
alcēdinem (accusative singular)
alcēdinēs (accusative plural)
alcēdine (ablative singular)
alcēdinibus (ablative plural)
alcēdō (singular vocative)
alcēdinēs (plural vocative)

→ Esperanto: alcedo

→ Spanish: alcedón (learned)

[äɫ̪ˈkeːd̪oː]

[äl̠ʲˈt͡ʃɛːd̪o]

From Ancient Greek ἀλκυών (alkuṓn, “kingfisher”).


alnus

la-noun

alnus m or f (genitive alnī); second declension

alnī (genitive)
alnus (nominative singular)
alnī (nominative plural)
alnī (genitive singular)
alnōrum (genitive plural)
alnō (dative singular)
alnīs (dative plural)
alnum (accusative singular)
alnōs (accusative plural)
alnō (ablative singular)
alnīs (ablative plural)
alne (singular vocative)
alnī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: anin, arin

→ Esperanto: alno

French: aulne

Italian: alno

Megleno-Romanian: rin

Romanian: anin, arin

Spanish: alno

From Proto-Italic *alznos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élsnos, from *h₂élis.

(by extension) anything made of alder wood; a ship, vessel or boat.


althaea

althaea f (genitive althaeae); first declension

althaeae (genitive)
althaea (nominative singular)
althaeae (nominative plural)
althaeae (genitive singular)
althaeārum (genitive plural)
althaeae (dative singular)
althaeīs (dative plural)
althaeam (accusative singular)
althaeās (accusative plural)
althaeā (ablative singular)
althaeīs (ablative plural)
althaea (singular vocative)
althaeae (plural vocative)

English: althea

Italian: altea

Portuguese: alteia

Russian: алте́й m (altéj)

Spanish: altea

[äɫ̪ˈt̪ʰäe̯ä]

From Ancient Greek ἀλθαία (althaía, “marsh mallow, Althaea officinalis”), from ἀλθαίνω (althaínō, “to heal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eldʰ-, suffixed form of *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”).


ampelos

la-noun

ampelos f (genitive ampelī); second declension

ampelī (genitive)
ampelos (nominative singular)
ampelī (nominative plural)
ampelī (genitive singular)
ampelōrum (genitive plural)
ampelō (dative singular)
ampelīs (dative plural)
ampelon (accusative singular)
ampelōs (accusative plural)
ampelō (ablative singular)
ampelīs (ablative plural)
ampele (singular vocative)
ampelī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Ampelopsis, Ampelocissus, Ampelocalamus, Ampelodesmos, Ampelophaga, Ampelosicyos

[ˈämpɛɫ̪ɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”).

Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera#Translingual


amygdalum

amygdalum n (genitive amygdalī); second declension

amygdalī (genitive)
amygdalum (nominative singular)
amygdala (nominative plural)
amygdalī (genitive singular)
amygdalōrum (genitive plural)
amygdalō (dative singular)
amygdalīs (dative plural)
amygdalum (accusative singular)
amygdala (accusative plural)
amygdalō (ablative singular)
amygdalīs (ablative plural)
amygdalum (singular vocative)
amygdala (plural vocative)

→ Afrikaans: amandel

Asturian: almendra

→ Basque: almendra

desc

→ Belarusian: мінда́ль (mindálʹ), мігда́л (mihdál)

→ Breton: alamandez

Catalan: ametlla

Corsican: amandula

→ Czech: amygdala, mandle

→ Danish: amygdala, mandel

→ Dutch: amygdala, amandel

→ Old English: āmigdal

→ Esperanto: migdalo

→ Estonian: mandel

→ Faroese: mandel

→ Finnish: manteli

Old French: almande, amande

French: amygdale, amande

English: amygdala, almond

Friulian: mandule

→ German: Amygdala, Mandel

Galician: améndoa

→ Greenlandic: mandeli

→ Hungarian: amigdala, mandula

→ Icelandic: mandla, sætmandla

→ Indonesian: amigdala

→ Irish: almóinn

Istriot: manduleîna

Italian: amigdala, mandorla

→ Japanese: アーモンド (āmondo)

→ Korean: 아몬드 (amondeu)

→ Manx: almon

→ Norwegian: amygdala, mandel

Occitan: amètla

→ Polish: migdał

Portuguese: amígdala, amêndoa, mígala

Romanian: migdal, migdală

Romansch: mandel, mandla

→ Russian: минда́ль (mindálʹ)

Sardinian: méndhula, méndua, méndula, ménnula, míndula

→ Serbo-Croatian: amigdala, mȁndula

Sicilian: mènnula

→ Slovene: mandelj

Old Spanish: almendra

Ladino: almendra

Spanish: amígdala, almendra

Tagalog: alméndras

→ Swedish: amygdala, mandel

→ Turkish: amigdala

→ Ukrainian: мигда́ль (myhdálʹ)

→ Welsh: almon

[äˈmʏɡd̪äɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek ἀμύγδαλον (amúgdalon, “almond, almond shaped”).


gramen

la-noun

grāmen n (genitive grāminis); third declension

grāmen (canonical neuter)
grāminis (genitive)
grāmen (nominative singular)
grāmina (nominative plural)
grāminis (genitive singular)
grāminum (genitive plural)
grāminī (dative singular)
grāminibus (dative plural)
grāmen (accusative singular)
grāmina (accusative plural)
grāmine (ablative singular)
grāminibus (ablative plural)
grāmen (singular vocative)
grāmina (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: gram

Catalan: gram, grama (“Bermuda grass”)

→⇒ English: graminivorous, graminoid

→ French: gramen

Galician: grama (“couch/Bermuda grass”)

Piedmontese: gramon (“couch grass”)

Portuguese: grama (“grass”)

desc

Sardinian: ràmene, eràmine, gràmine (“couch/Bermuda grass”)

Spanish: grama (“grass”)

From Proto-Italic *grāmen, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow (of plants)”), with a noun-forming suffix -men; cognate with English grass.


lutra

la-noun

lutra f (genitive lutrae); first declension

lutrae (genitive)
lutra (nominative singular)
lutrae (nominative plural)
lutrae (genitive singular)
lutrārum (genitive plural)
lutrae (dative singular)
lutrīs (dative plural)
lutram (accusative singular)
lutrās (accusative plural)
lutrā (ablative singular)
lutrīs (ablative plural)
lutra (singular vocative)
lutrae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan:

Campania: utra, lutra

Molise: utra

Apulia: otra

Basilicata: utra f, otra f, utro m

Sicilian: lutra, utra (see there for further descendants)

Padanian:

Emilian: ludra

Friulian: lodre

Lombard: ludra

Piedmontese: ludra

Romansch: ludra

Venetan: lodra

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: leurre

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luttra

desctree

Old French: lutre m
French: loutre f (see there for further descendants)
Walloon: lote

Romansch: lutra

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luntr(i)a:

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: lontra

Italian: lontra (see there for further descendants)

Tuscan: lontra f, ontria f, lontro m

Central Italian: ondra, londra, ondria

Padanian:

Emilian: londra

Ladin: lontra

Piedmontese: londra

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: lontra, londra

Portuguese: lontra

→ Albanian: lundër, lëndër — Tosk

desc

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lutria, *nutria, *utria

Italo-Romance:

Neapolitan:

Salerno: nùtria

Basilicata: utre

Calabrian: ùtria, lùtria

Padanian:

Ligurian: lùdria, lùria

Piedmontese: lùdria, lòira, luria

Venetan: lùdria

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: loirre

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: loira, aloira, ludria, lueira, nuria, noira

Ribagorçan: lúria

Catalan: llúdria, llúdriga

Occitan: loira

Gascon: luèira, lèira

Provençal: luria

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: llóndriga, llóndrigu, llondru, llondra (Central and Eastern Asturias), llontru, llontra (Miner Basins), llondriu (Ponga)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *nitria, *itria, *litria

Italo-Romance:

Italian:

Umbria: itria

Sabine: nedra

Southern Lazio: letra

Neapolitan:

Abruzzo: itria, nitra

Basilicata: itria

Apulia: jitria, litra

Sicilian: itria

Calabrian: itria, litria

Borrowings:

→ Hebrew: לוּטְרָה (lútra)

From Proto-Indo-European *udr-eh₂, the feminine noun of *udrós (“sea animal, otter”, literally “of water”). The l- was likely introduced by analogy of some other word, such as lavō (“to wash”), lūdō (“to play”), lupus (“wolf”) or lutum (“mud, dirt”). See § descendants notes for information on the Varro for with -y- and the medieval forms.

cog

Ancient Greek ὕδρος (húdros, “sea snake”)

Eāsdem partēs sibi ipsī Ponticī amputant fibrī perīculō urgente, ob hoc sē petī gnārī; castoreum id vocant medicī. Aliās animal horrendī morsūs arborēs iuxtā flūmina ut ferrō caedit, hominis parte conprehēnsā nōn ante quam frācta concrepuerint ossa morsūs resolvit. Cauda piscium hīs, cētera speciēs lutrae. Utrumque aquāticum, utrīque mollior plūmā pilus.

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 8.109

Pontic beavers cut off their same parts in urgent danger, on account of which they are known to be hunted; doctors call this castor. Other times, the animal with an awesome bite fells trees near rivers as if with iron, they don't let go of their bites when a part of a human is caught until the bones crack broken. These have a fish's tail, the rest of the appearance is of an otter. Both aquatic, the hair of both softer than fluff.


coix

la-noun

coix f (genitive coicis); third declension

coicis (genitive)
coix (nominative singular)
coicēs (nominative plural)
coicis (genitive singular)
coicum (genitive plural)
coicī (dative singular)
coicibus (dative plural)
coicem (accusative singular)
coicēs (accusative plural)
coice (ablative singular)
coicibus (ablative plural)
coix (singular vocative)
coicēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Coix


porculus

porculus m (genitive porculī); second declension

porculī (genitive)
of porcus (diminutive)
porculus (nominative singular)
porculī (nominative plural)
porculī (genitive singular)
porculōrum (genitive plural)
porculō (dative singular)
porculīs (dative plural)
porculum (accusative singular)
porculōs (accusative plural)
porculō (ablative singular)
porculīs (ablative plural)
porcule (singular vocative)
porculī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Helophorus porculus, Uromys porculus

[ˈpɔrkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]


armeniaca

armeniaca f (genitive armeniacae); first declension

armeniacae (genitive)
armeniaca (nominative singular)
armeniacae (nominative plural)
armeniacae (genitive singular)
armeniacārum (genitive plural)
armeniacae (dative singular)
armeniacīs (dative plural)
armeniacam (accusative singular)
armeniacās (accusative plural)
armeniacā (ablative singular)
armeniacīs (ablative plural)
armeniaca (singular vocative)
armeniacae (plural vocative)

Lombard: mugnaga, mügnaga

→ Translingual: Prunus armeniaca

From Armenia, because apricot was spread throughout Roman Empire from Armenia.


armeniacum

armeniacum n (genitive armeniacī); second declension

armeniacī (genitive)
armeniacum (nominative singular)
armeniaca (nominative plural)
armeniacī (genitive singular)
armeniacōrum (genitive plural)
armeniacō (dative singular)
armeniacīs (dative plural)
armeniacum (accusative singular)
armeniaca (accusative plural)
armeniacō (ablative singular)
armeniacīs (ablative plural)
armeniacum (singular vocative)
armeniaca (plural vocative)

Istriot:

Istriot: armileîna

Padanian:

Emilian: mugnaga, mignaga, mugnèga, miäga

⇒ Ligurian: armognìn

Lombard: mognaga, mugnaga, armignèga, ramignaga, romignaga, rebugnaga

⇒ ambrognaga

Piedmontese: armognan, ramognan

⇒ Venetan: armelin

→ Italian: armellino (dated) (see there for further descendants)

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: armèniâye

[ärmɛˈniäkʊ̃ˑ]

(Medieval Latin) Alternative form of ammōniacum


bombyx

bombȳx m (genitive bombȳcis); third declension

bombȳx (canonical masculine)
bombȳcis (genitive)
bombȳx (nominative singular)
bombȳcēs (nominative plural)
bombȳcis (genitive singular)
bombȳcum (genitive plural)
bombȳcī (dative singular)
bombȳcibus (dative plural)
bombȳcem (accusative singular)
bombȳcēs (accusative plural)
bombȳce (ablative singular)
bombȳcibus (ablative plural)
bombȳx (singular vocative)
bombȳcēs (plural vocative)

English: bombyx

French: bombyx m

Spanish: bómbice m

Italian: bombice m, baco

Translingual: Bombyx

From Ancient Greek βόμβυξ (bómbux); see Middle Persian pmbk' for more.


carex

cārex f (genitive cāricis); third declension

cārex (canonical feminine)
cāricis (genitive)
cārex (nominative singular)
cāricēs (nominative plural)
cāricis (genitive singular)
cāricum (genitive plural)
cāricī (dative singular)
cāricibus (dative plural)
cāricem (accusative singular)
cāricēs (accusative plural)
cārice (ablative singular)
cāricibus (ablative plural)
cārex (singular vocative)
cāricēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: carç

Italian: carice

Venetan: caréto

→ Cimbrian: karìtz

Mozarabic: [script needed] (qárriči)

→ Catalan: càrritx

Vulgar Latin: *cariceus

Old Galician-Portuguese: carriço

Galician: carrizo

Portuguese: carriço

Spanish: carrizo

→ English: carex

→ French: carex

→ Translingual: Carex

Unknown. Perhaps related to carrō (“I card”); see English card (sense 2). However, compare Welsh cors (“reeds, bog”), Irish corrach (“marsh, bog”).


cimex

cīmex m (genitive cīmicis); third declension

cīmex (canonical masculine)
cīmicis (genitive)
cīmex (nominative singular)
cīmicēs (nominative plural)
cīmicis (genitive singular)
cīmicum (genitive plural)
cīmicī (dative singular)
cīmicibus (dative plural)
cīmicem (accusative singular)
cīmicēs (accusative plural)
cīmice (ablative singular)
cīmicibus (ablative plural)
cīmex (singular vocative)
cīmicēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Romanian: cince

Dalmatian:

cinco

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cimice

Neapolitan: pimmece

Sicilian: cimicia

Padanian:

Emilian: samze, semze ⇒ semza, simza, sümesa

Ligurian: scimixa, scixima

desc

Lombard: simes, sumas, sisme, sùmec, sumèc, sìmec ⇒ sumèga, simèga

Piedmontese: sims, simis, simes, sums

Romagnol: semze, semz ⇒ semza

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: címeu

Occitan: címec, cimèc, cìmet, cime, cimze, cindre, cimi, cime, çumi

Ibero-Romance: f

Mozarabic: *činče (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: çisme
Spanish: chisme

Portuguese: chisme

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: chìmighe

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: qimqë

→ Basque: zimitz

→ English: cimex

→ Esperanto: cimo

→ Translingual: Cimex


zea

zēa (canonical feminine)
zēae (genitive)
zēa (nominative singular)
zēae (nominative plural)
zēae (genitive singular)
zēārum (genitive plural)
zēae (dative singular)
zēīs (dative plural)
zēam (accusative singular)
zēās (accusative plural)
zēā (ablative singular)
zēīs (ablative plural)
zēa (singular vocative)
zēae (plural vocative)

→ English: zea, ⇒ zein

→ Italian: zea

→ Translingual: Zea

Triticum spelta
Triticum spelta#Translingual

A type of grain; spelt (Triticum spelta)


coclea

la-noun

coclea f (genitive cocleae); first declension

cocleae (genitive)
coclea (nominative singular)
cocleae (nominative plural)
cocleae (genitive singular)
cocleārum (genitive plural)
cocleae (dative singular)
cocleīs (dative plural)
cocleam (accusative singular)
cocleās (accusative plural)
cocleā (ablative singular)
cocleīs (ablative plural)
coclea (singular vocative)
cocleae (plural vocative)

Alternative form of cochlea (“a snail, spiral”).


styrax

styrax m (genitive styracis); third declension

styracis (genitive)
styrax (nominative singular)
styracēs (nominative plural)
styracis (genitive singular)
styracum (genitive plural)
styracī (dative singular)
styracibus (dative plural)
styracem (accusative singular)
styracēs (accusative plural)
styrace (ablative singular)
styracibus (ablative plural)
styrax (singular vocative)
styracēs (plural vocative)

Catalan: estorac

Italian: storace

→ Old English: stōr

Portuguese: estoraque

Translingual: Styrax

Styrax officinalis
Styrax officinalis#Translingual

storax (the tree Styrax officinalis and the balsam from it)


zopyron

zōpyron n (genitive zōpyrī); second declension

zōpyron (canonical neuter)
zōpyrī (genitive)
zōpyron (nominative singular)
zōpyra (nominative plural)
zōpyrī (genitive singular)
zōpyrōrum (genitive plural)
zōpyrō (dative singular)
zōpyrīs (dative plural)
zōpyron (accusative singular)
zōpyra (accusative plural)
zōpyrō (ablative singular)
zōpyrīs (ablative plural)
zōpyron (singular vocative)
zōpyra (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ζωπύριον (zōpúrion), ζωπύρα (zōpúra).


pteranodon

pteranodōn m (genitive pteranodontis); third declension

pteranodōn (canonical masculine)
pteranodontis (genitive)
pteranodōn (nominative singular)
pteranodontēs (nominative plural)
pteranodontis (genitive singular)
pteranodontum (genitive plural)
pteranodontī (dative singular)
pteranodontibus (dative plural)
pteranodontem (accusative singular)
pteranodontēs (accusative plural)
pteranodonte (ablative singular)
pteranodontibus (ablative plural)
pteranodōn (singular vocative)
pteranodontēs (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) + ἀνόδων (anódōn, “toothless”), from ἀν- (an-, “un-”) + ὀδών (odṓn, “tooth”), Ionic form of ὀδούς (odoús).


melinus

la-adj

mēlinus (feminine mēlina, neuter mēlinum); first/second-declension adjective

mēlinus (canonical)
mēlina (feminine)
mēlinum (neuter)
mēlinus (masculine nominative singular)
mēlina (feminine nominative singular)
mēlinum (neuter nominative singular)
mēlinī (masculine nominative singular)
mēlinae (feminine nominative plural)
mēlina (neuter nominative plural)
mēlinī (genitive masculine singular)
mēlinae (feminine genitive singular)
mēlinī (genitive neuter singular)
mēlinōrum (genitive masculine singular)
mēlinārum (feminine genitive plural)
mēlinōrum (genitive neuter plural)
mēlinō (dative masculine singular)
mēlinae (dative feminine singular)
mēlinō (dative neuter singular)
mēlinīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
mēlinum (accusative masculine singular)
mēlinam (accusative feminine singular)
mēlinum (accusative neuter singular)
mēlinōs (accusative masculine singular)
mēlinās (accusative feminine plural)
mēlina (accusative neuter plural)
mēlinō (ablative masculine singular)
mēlinā (ablative feminine singular)
mēlinō (ablative neuter singular)
mēlinīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
mēline (masculine singular vocative)
mēlina (feminine singular vocative)
mēlinum (neuter singular vocative)
mēlinī (masculine singular vocative)
mēlinae (feminine plural vocative)
mēlina (neuter plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek μήλινος (mḗlinos, “made of apples or quinces”).


porcella

la-noun

porcella f (genitive porcellae); first declension

porcellae (genitive)
porcella (nominative singular)
porcellae (nominative plural)
porcellae (genitive singular)
porcellārum (genitive plural)
porcellae (dative singular)
porcellīs (dative plural)
porcellam (accusative singular)
porcellās (accusative plural)
porcellā (ablative singular)
porcellīs (ablative plural)
porcella (singular vocative)
porcellae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: purtseauã

Catalan: porcella

Italian: porcella

Romanian: purcea

Romansch: purtscheala

Sicilian: purcedda

Venetan: porseła

[pɔrˈkɛlːʲä]

(pre-Classical, Late Latin) female piglet


meles

mēlēs f (genitive mēlis); third declension

mēlēs (canonical feminine)
mēlis (genitive)
mēlēs (nominative singular)
mēlēs (nominative plural)
mēlis (genitive singular)
mēlium (genitive plural)
mēlī (dative singular)
mēlibus (dative plural)
mēlem (accusative singular)
mēlēs (accusative plural)
mēlīs (accusative plural)
mēle (ablative singular)
mēlibus (ablative plural)
mēlēs (singular vocative)
mēlēs (plural vocative)

[ˈmeːɫ̪eːs̠]

Unknown. Maybe borrowed together with fēlēs, likewise unexplained and the only other animal name with such a measure, from the alpine direction.


zingiberi

→ Translingual: Zingiber, Zingiberales

Italo-Romance:

Italian: zenzero (see there for further descendants)

Sicilian: gènciru, zenzeru

Padanian:

Friulian: zenzar

Old Lombard: çençauro

Old Ligurian: zenzavro

Piedmontese: zenser

Venetan: xènxaro

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old Catalan: gingebre, gingibre, gengibre, gengebre
Catalan: gingebre

Old French: gingembre (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: gingibre (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Hungarian: gyömbér (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *gingiberō (see there for further descendants)

[d̪͡z̪ɪŋˈɡɪbɛrɪ]

From Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), from a Dravidian language; compare Old Tamil 𑀇𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺 (iñci, “ginger”) + 𑀯𑁂𑀭𑁆 (vēr, “root”) (modern Tamil இஞ்சி (iñci, “ginger”) + வேர் (vēr, “root”)).


zoophthalmos

la-noun

zōophthalmos m (genitive zōophthalmī); second declension

zōophthalmos (canonical masculine)
zōophthalmī (genitive)
zōophthalmos (nominative singular)
zōophthalmī (nominative plural)
zōophthalmī (genitive singular)
zōophthalmōrum (genitive plural)
zōophthalmō (dative singular)
zōophthalmīs (dative plural)
zōophthalmon (accusative singular)
zōophthalmōs (accusative plural)
zōophthalmō (ablative singular)
zōophthalmīs (ablative plural)
zōophthalme (singular vocative)
zōophthalmī (plural vocative)

[d̪͡z̪oːɔpʰˈt̪ʰäɫ̪mɔs̠]

From Ancient Greek ζῳόφθαλμος (zōióphthalmos).

der

A plant with succulent leaves, of uncertain identification, possibly a species of Sempervivum or Sedum.


equester

la-noun

equester m (genitive equestris); third declension

equestris (genitive)
equester (nominative singular)
equestrēs (nominative plural)
equestris (genitive singular)
equestrum (genitive plural)
equestrī (dative singular)
equestribus (dative plural)
equestrem (accusative singular)
equestrēs (accusative plural)
equestre (ablative singular)
equestribus (ablative plural)
equester (singular vocative)
equestrēs (plural vocative)

[ɛˈkʷɛs̠t̪ɛr]

From eques ("horseman, rider" stem-form equit-) + -ter, alternative form of -tris.


scarabaeus

la-noun

scarabaeus m (genitive scarabaeī); second declension

scarabaeī (genitive)
scarabaeus (nominative singular)
scarabaeī (nominative plural)
scarabaeī (genitive singular)
scarabaeōrum (genitive plural)
scarabaeō (dative singular)
scarabaeīs (dative plural)
scarabaeum (accusative singular)
scarabaeōs (accusative plural)
scarabaeō (ablative singular)
scarabaeīs (ablative plural)
scarabaee (singular vocative)
scarabaeī (plural vocative)

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *scarafaius

Aragonese: escarabaxo

Asturian: escarabayu

Catalan: escarabat

Galician: escaravello

Italian: scarafaggio

Portuguese: escaravelho

Romansch: scarafag

Sicilian: scravagghiu

Spanish: escarabajo

→ Bulgarian: скарабе́й (skarabéj)

→ Catalan: escarabeu (learned)

→ Esperanto: skarabo

→? Old French: escharbot

Middle French: escarbot

French: escarbot

→ Middle French: scarabée (learned)

French: scarabée

→ English: scarab

→ Irish: scarab

→ Welsh: sgarab

→ German: Skarabäus

→ Italian: scarabeo (learned)

→ Polish: skarabeusz

→ Russian: скарабей (skarabej)

Translingual: Scarabaeus

[s̠käräˈbäe̯ʊs̠]

Unknown, perhaps a foreign word, or with movable s- connected to the large family of words for shrimps, crayfish, scorpions and crabs beginning with /kaɾ/ mentioned at Persian خرچنگ (xarčang, “crab”) to which Ancient Greek κάραβος (kárabos, “beetle; crayfish”) is to be set in this context.

cog

A scarab, black dung beetle, revered in Ancient Egypt.


accipitrina

la-noun

accipitrīna f (genitive accipitrīnae); first declension

accipitrīna (canonical feminine)
accipitrīnae (genitive)
accipitrīna (nominative singular)
accipitrīnae (nominative plural)
accipitrīnae (genitive singular)
accipitrīnārum (genitive plural)
accipitrīnae (dative singular)
accipitrīnīs (dative plural)
accipitrīnam (accusative singular)
accipitrīnās (accusative plural)
accipitrīnā (ablative singular)
accipitrīnīs (ablative plural)
accipitrīna (singular vocative)
accipitrīnae (plural vocative)

[äkːɪpɪˈt̪riːnä]

The action of a hawk; rapacity; robbery.


sagapenum

sagapēnum n (genitive sagapēnī); second declension

sagapēnum (canonical neuter)
sagapēnī (genitive)
sagapēnum (nominative singular)
sagapēna (nominative plural)
sagapēnī (genitive singular)
sagapēnōrum (genitive plural)
sagapēnō (dative singular)
sagapēnīs (dative plural)
sagapēnum (accusative singular)
sagapēna (accusative plural)
sagapēnō (ablative singular)
sagapēnīs (ablative plural)
sagapēnum (singular vocative)
sagapēna (plural vocative)

[s̠äɡäˈpeːnʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek σαγάπηνον (sagápēnon), from Arabic سَكْبِينَج (sakbīnaj), from Persian سَكْبِينَهٌ.

der

Persian سَكْبِينَهٌ


platessa

la-noun

platessa f (genitive platessae); first declension

platessae (genitive)
platessa (nominative singular)
platessae (nominative plural)
platessae (genitive singular)
platessārum (genitive plural)
platessae (dative singular)
platessīs (dative plural)
platessam (accusative singular)
platessās (accusative plural)
platessā (ablative singular)
platessīs (ablative plural)
platessa (singular vocative)
platessae (plural vocative)

Old French: plaiz, pladisse, plaïse

French: plie

Norman: pliais

→ Irish: plás

→ Middle English: playce (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Dutch: *pladīs (see there for further descendants)

Italian: platessa

Spanish: platija

[pɫ̪äˈt̪ɛs̠ːä]

[pläˈt̪ɛsːä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad”).


agrimonia

agrimōnia f (genitive agrimōniae); first declension

agrimōnia (canonical feminine)
agrimōniae (genitive)
agrimōnia (nominative singular)
agrimōniae (nominative plural)
agrimōniae (genitive singular)
agrimōniārum (genitive plural)
agrimōniae (dative singular)
agrimōniīs (dative plural)
agrimōniam (accusative singular)
agrimōniās (accusative plural)
agrimōniā (ablative singular)
agrimōniīs (ablative plural)
agrimōnia (singular vocative)
agrimōniae (plural vocative)

Catalan: agrimònia

→ Dutch: agrimonie

A metathesized form of argemōnia by analogy to ager (“field”). See agrimony.

(Late Latin) Alternative form of argemōnia (“agrimony”)


syce

sȳcē f (genitive sȳcēs); first declension

sȳcē (canonical feminine)
sȳcēs (genitive)
sȳcē (nominative singular)
sȳcae (nominative plural)
sȳcēs (genitive singular)
sȳcārum (genitive plural)
sȳcae (dative singular)
sȳcīs (dative plural)
sȳcēn (accusative singular)
sȳcās (accusative plural)
sȳcē (ablative singular)
sȳcīs (ablative plural)
sȳcē (singular vocative)
sȳcae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek συκῆ (sukê).

(medicine) A constantly running sore in the corner of the eye


lingula

lingula f (genitive lingulae); first declension

lingulae (genitive)
lingula (nominative singular)
lingulae (nominative plural)
lingulae (genitive singular)
lingulārum (genitive plural)
lingulae (dative singular)
lingulīs (dative plural)
lingulam (accusative singular)
lingulās (accusative plural)
lingulā (ablative singular)
lingulīs (ablative plural)
lingula (singular vocative)
lingulae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: lingurã

Romanian: lingură

→ English: lingula

→ Italian: lingula

[ˈlʲɪŋɡʊɫ̪ä]

From lingua (“tongue”) + -ula (“-ule: forming diminutives”), possibly influenced by lingō (“I lick”).

suffix

diminutive of lingua, tongue, tonguelet, used particularly for

lower arm, the shorter end of a lever, opposite the fulcrum from the user


acipenser

la-noun

acipēnser m (genitive acipēnseris); third declension

acipēnser (canonical masculine)
acipēnseris (genitive)
acipēnser (nominative singular)
acipēnserēs (nominative plural)
acipēnseris (genitive singular)
acipēnserum (genitive plural)
acipēnserī (dative singular)
acipēnseribus (dative plural)
acipēnserem (accusative singular)
acipēnserēs (accusative plural)
acipēnsere (ablative singular)
acipēnseribus (ablative plural)
acipēnser (singular vocative)
acipēnserēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Acipenser

[äkɪˈpẽːs̠ɛr]

Related to Ancient Greek ἀκκιπήσιος (akkipḗsios).

a fish highly esteemed by the Romans, perhaps the sturgeon


centaurea

centaurēa f (genitive centaurēae); first declension

centaurēa (canonical feminine)
centaurēae (genitive)
centaurēa (nominative singular)
centaurēae (nominative plural)
centaurēae (genitive singular)
centaurēārum (genitive plural)
centaurēae (dative singular)
centaurēīs (dative plural)
centaurēam (accusative singular)
centaurēās (accusative plural)
centaurēā (ablative singular)
centaurēīs (ablative plural)
centaurēa (singular vocative)
centaurēae (plural vocative)

desc

جِنْتَوْرِيَّة

→ Arabic: جِنْتَوْرِيَّة (jintawriyya)

→ Dutch: centaurie

→ Old English: centaurie

→ Middle English: centaure

→ English: centaury

→ Catalan: centaura

→ Czech: čantoryja, čantoryjka, cintorie

→ French: centaurée

→ Ido: centaureo

→ Italian: centaurea

→ Norman: centaurée

→ Occitan: centaurèa

→ Portuguese: centáurea

→ Romanian: cintáură, cintorie, cintoare, țintaură

→ Spanish: centaura

desctree

→ Translingual: Centaurea
→ English: centaurea

[kɛn̪t̪äu̯ˈreːä]

[t͡ʃen̪t̪äu̯ˈrɛːä]

Accessory form of centaurēum in the Herbarium of Pseudo-Apuleius, from Ancient Greek κενταύρειον (kentaúreion, “several plants related to Centaurea”), from κένταυρος (kéntauros, “centaur”) (due to the mythological discovery of its medicinal properties by Chiron the Centaur).

der

(Medieval Latin) Alternative form of centaurēum


eruca

la-noun

ērūca f (genitive ērūcae); first declension

ērūca (canonical feminine)
ērūcae (genitive)
ērūca (nominative singular)
ērūcae (nominative plural)
ērūcae (genitive singular)
ērūcārum (genitive plural)
ērūcae (dative singular)
ērūcīs (dative plural)
ērūcam (accusative singular)
ērūcās (accusative plural)
ērūcā (ablative singular)
ērūcīs (ablative plural)
ērūca (singular vocative)
ērūcae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: eruca (“caterpillar”)

→ German: Rauke

→ Greek: ρόκα (róka)

⇒ Italian: ruchetta (“rocket”)

→ Old French: roquete

→ Middle English: rokette

English: rocket

French: roquette

→ English: roquette

⇒ Italian: rucola (“rocket”)

→ German: Rucola

→ Polish: rukola

→ Portuguese: rúcula

→ English: rucola

→ English: arugula

North-Italian:

Emilian: ruga

Lombard: aruga

Piedmontese: rùa, ruva, aruva

Emilian: ruga

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: ruca

Catalan: eruga (“caterpillar”)

Gascon: arruca, arraca, auruga

Occitan: eruga

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: eiruga

Portuguese: eruga

Spanish: oruga

Sardinian: ruga

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: ruca (“rocket”)

→ Italian: ruca (“rocket”)

→ Portuguese: eruca

→ Translingual: Eruca

→ English: eruca

Analyzable as *ēr-ūca, from ēr (“hedgehog”) + a suffix -ūca which is likely by analogy with verrūca (“wart, hillock”), named so for the rugged backs of many caterpillars resembling those of hedgehogs.
An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”) (likely of the same ultimate origin as the above etymology), see also Welsh garw (“rough”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”), Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “bristles”).
Latin erūca and its variant urūca denote the plant and the caterpillar. In such cases, usually the animal name is primary and has been extended to the plant (so the rocket can be interpreted as “caterpillar plant”).


faber

la-adj

faber (feminine fabra, neuter fabrum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

fabra (feminine)
fabrum (neuter)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
faber (masculine nominative singular)
fabra (feminine nominative singular)
fabrum (neuter nominative singular)
fabrī (masculine nominative singular)
fabrae (feminine nominative plural)
fabra (neuter nominative plural)
fabrī (genitive masculine singular)
fabrae (feminine genitive singular)
fabrī (genitive neuter singular)
fabrōrum (genitive masculine singular)
fabrārum (feminine genitive plural)
fabrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
fabrō (dative masculine singular)
fabrae (dative feminine singular)
fabrō (dative neuter singular)
fabrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
fabrum (accusative masculine singular)
fabram (accusative feminine singular)
fabrum (accusative neuter singular)
fabrōs (accusative masculine singular)
fabrās (accusative feminine plural)
fabra (accusative neuter plural)
fabrō (ablative masculine singular)
fabrā (ablative feminine singular)
fabrō (ablative neuter singular)
fabrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
faber (masculine singular vocative)
fabra (feminine singular vocative)
fabrum (neuter singular vocative)
fabrī (masculine singular vocative)
fabrae (feminine plural vocative)
fabra (neuter plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *faβros, from earlier *θaβros, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to fashion, fit”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *dobrъ, Lithuanian dabà (“habit, character”), Armenian դարբին (darbin, “smith”), English daft, deft.


bruchus

la-noun

brūchus m (genitive brūchī); second declension

brūchus (canonical masculine)
brūchī (genitive)
brūchus (nominative singular)
brūchī (nominative plural)
brūchī (genitive singular)
brūchōrum (genitive plural)
brūchō (dative singular)
brūchīs (dative plural)
brūchum (accusative singular)
brūchōs (accusative plural)
brūchō (ablative singular)
brūchīs (ablative plural)
brūche (singular vocative)
brūchī (plural vocative)

Galician: burgo

Italian: bruco

Portuguese: bruco

Translingual: Bruchus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βροῦκος~βροῦχος (broûkos~broûkhos).

bor+

βροῦκος~βροῦχος


salix

la-noun

salix f (genitive salicis); third declension

salicis (genitive)
salix (nominative singular)
salicēs (nominative plural)
salicis (genitive singular)
salicum (genitive plural)
salicī (dative singular)
salicibus (dative plural)
salicem (accusative singular)
salicēs (accusative plural)
salice (ablative singular)
salicibus (ablative plural)
salix (singular vocative)
salicēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: saltsi, saltse

Romanian: salcie, salce

Italo-Romance:

Italian: salice, salce, salcio

Neapolitan: salace, salece

Sicilian: salacio, salici

Gallo-Italic:

desc

Emilian: sarze, sarz, sals, salz, sàles, sàlas

Ligurian: sàrxo, sràxo, sâxo, sêxo

Lombard: sales, sares

Piedmontese: sarz, sarze, sàles

Romagnol: sals, sèls

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: sôge, sôze, sôjo

desctree

Old French: sauz, salz, salze, sauce, saulce
Bourguignon: sauge
Champenois: sausse
Franc-Comtois: sâce
Norman: saux
Poitevin-Saintongeais: sàuse
Walloon: så

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: salze

Auvergnat: sause, salze

Gascon: sauç, sauce

Languedocien: sauç, sause, salze

Limousin: sales, assales, sauce

Provençal: sause, sauve

Vivaro-Alpine: sause

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: salz, salce ⇒ salcera

Asturian: salce

Galician: salgueiro

Portuguese: salgueiro

Spanish: sauce, salce

Sardinian:

sabixi, saighi, sagili, saliche

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: shelg, shelgje

→ Norwegian Bokmål: salisyl

→ English: salicylic, salicet

→ Translingual: Salix

[ˈs̠älʲɪks̠]

From Proto-Indo-European *sl̥H-ik- (“willow”). Cognate with Old Irish sail, Welsh helyg, Breton haleg, Cornish helyk (“willows”), Old English sealh, English sallow.


robur

la-noun

rōbur n (genitive rōboris); third declension

rōbur (canonical neuter)
rōboris (genitive)
rōbur (nominative singular)
rōbora (nominative plural)
rōboris (genitive singular)
rōborum (genitive plural)
rōborī (dative singular)
rōboribus (dative plural)
rōbur (accusative singular)
rōbora (accusative plural)
rōbore (ablative singular)
rōboribus (ablative plural)
rōbur (singular vocative)
rōbora (plural vocative)

Aromanian: arobul

Aragonese: robre

French: rouvre

Catalan: roure

Piedmontese: róvol, rol, rovr

Galician: robra, rebor (archaic), Reboreda

Italian: rovere

→ Portuguese: roble

Spanish: roble

Sicilian: rùvulu

Venetan: róare

From earlier rōbus (with change of nominative after the pattern of iecur), from Proto-Italic *rouβos ~ *rouβoses, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”), named for its reddish hardwood and thus cognate to ruber.

Designating a specific kind and opposed to quercus, aesculus.


cucumis

cucumis m (genitive cucumeris or cucumis); third declension

cucumeris (genitive)
cucumis (genitive)
cucumis (nominative singular)
cucumerēs (nominative plural)
cucumēs (nominative plural)
cucumeris (genitive singular)
cucumis (genitive singular)
cucumerum (genitive plural)
cucumium (genitive plural)
cucumerī (dative singular)
cucumī (dative singular)
cucumeribus (dative plural)
cucumibus (dative plural)
cucumerem (accusative singular)
cucumim (accusative singular)
cucumerēs (accusative plural)
cucumēs (accusative plural)
cucumīs (accusative plural)
cucumere (ablative singular)
cucumī (ablative singular)
cucumeribus (ablative plural)
cucumibus (ablative plural)
cucumis (singular vocative)
cucumerēs (plural vocative)
cucumēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Dalmatian: cucumar

Italian: cocomero (“watermelon”)

Sicilian: cacùmmaru

Padanian:

desc

Emilian: cucümar, cucòmbar, cheumar, cumar, gombar

Friulian: cudumar

Gallo-Italic of Sicily: cocombar

Ligurian: chighéumou, chigèumori, cughéumai, chigèummo

Lombard: cucumer, cucumro; cocomber; chicumro (plural chicumbri)

Piedmontese: cucumer, cocom, cocomo, cocomber, chëcchëmmo, cocómber, cocòmer, cachëmo

Romansch: cucumer, cucumera (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)

Venetan: cocomaro, cocomero, cugumero, cucùmaro

desctree

→ Serbo-Croatian: kukumar
→ Romanian: cucumăr

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: cocombre
Middle French: coucombre
French: concombre
→ Middle English: cucumer, cucumber, cucumbre, kykombre
English: cucumber
Tok Pisin: kukamba
→ Cherokee: ᎦᎦᎹ (gagama)
→ Plains Cree: kohkompaninawak
→ Spanish: cacombra
→ Welsh: ciwcymbr
→ Zulu: îkhukhámba
Norman: cocombre (Jersey)

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: cogombre; codombro (València and Tarragona); coombro (Tortosí)

Old Occitan: cocombre, cogombre

desc

Occitan: cocombre, codombre, cogombre, colombre

Gascon: cogom

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: cogombro

Galician: cogombro

Portuguese: cogombro

Spanish: cohombro, cogombro

Borrowings:

→ Translingual: Cucumis

→ Middle High German: cucumer

German: Kukumer f, formerly Cucumer m

→ Slovene: kúmara, also kukumər and kukumra

Alemannic German: Gugummere, Guggummere

Bavarian: Gugumer

Palatine German: Kukumer, Kukummer, Gugummer, Gegummere, Gummere

South Hessian: Kummere, Gummere

→ Welsh: cucumer

A wanderwort likely ultimately from Sumerian 𒄾 (ukuš₂, “cucumber”) or an unidentified pre-Indo-European Mediterranean substrate language; see Arabic قِثَّاء (qiṯṯāʔ, “snake melon”), as well as Ancient Greek σῐκῠ́ᾱ (sĭkŭ́ā, “bottle gourd”). Compare especially Ancient Greek κύκυον (kúkuon), κυκύϊζα (kukúïza, “a type of sweet round gourd”).


gabalium

la-noun

gabalium n (genitive gabaliī or gabalī); second declension

gabaliī (genitive)
gabalī (genitive)
gabalium (nominative singular)
gabalia (nominative plural)
gabaliī (genitive singular)
gabalī (genitive singular)
gabaliōrum (genitive plural)
gabaliō (dative singular)
gabaliīs (dative plural)
gabalium (accusative singular)
gabalia (accusative plural)
gabaliō (ablative singular)
gabaliīs (ablative plural)
gabalium (singular vocative)
gabalia (plural vocative)

[ɡäˈbälʲiʊ̃ˑ]


ganta

ganta f (genitive gantae); first declension

gantae (genitive)
ganta (nominative singular)
gantae (nominative plural)
gantae (genitive singular)
gantārum (genitive plural)
gantae (dative singular)
gantīs (dative plural)
gantam (accusative singular)
gantās (accusative plural)
gantā (ablative singular)
gantīs (ablative plural)
ganta (singular vocative)
gantae (plural vocative)

Catalan: ganta

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gans, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰans-. Cognate with Latin ānser.


acetosella

acetosella f (genitive acetosellae); first declension

acetosellae (genitive)
acetosella (nominative singular)
acetosellae (nominative plural)
acetosellae (genitive singular)
acetosellārum (genitive plural)
acetosellae (dative singular)
acetosellīs (dative plural)
acetosellam (accusative singular)
acetosellās (accusative plural)
acetosellā (ablative singular)
acetosellīs (ablative plural)
acetosella (singular vocative)
acetosellae (plural vocative)

Compound of acētum + sella, literally “vinegar-seat”.


batus

la-noun

batus m (genitive batī); second declension

From Ancient Greek βάτος (bátos), from Biblical Hebrew בַּת (bath).

a Hebrew measure for liquids containing about nine gallons.


paeonia

paeōnia f (genitive paeōniae); first declension

paeōnia (canonical feminine)
paeōniae (genitive)
paeōnia (nominative singular)
paeōniae (nominative plural)
paeōniae (genitive singular)
paeōniārum (genitive plural)
paeōniae (dative singular)
paeōniīs (dative plural)
paeōniam (accusative singular)
paeōniās (accusative plural)
paeōniā (ablative singular)
paeōniīs (ablative plural)
paeōnia (singular vocative)
paeōniae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: peònia (learned)

→ Danish: pæon

→ Old English: peonia

Middle English: peonie

English: peony

Old French: pyoine

desctree

French: pivoine
→⇒ Czech: pivoňka
→ Polish: piwonia (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Dutch: pionie

Dutch: pioen

→ German: Päonie

→ Italian: peonia (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: peon, pion

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: peon, pion

→ Polish: peonia

→ Portuguese: peónia, peônia (learned)

→ Spanish: peonía (learned)

→ Swedish: pion
→ Finnish: pioni

→ Translingual: Paeonia

From Ancient Greek παιωνία (paiōnía, “peony”), from Ancient Greek Παιών (Paiṓn, “Paean, the physician of the gods”), related to παιών (paiṓn, “a physician”).


pompilus

la-noun

pompilus m (genitive pompilī); second declension

pompilī (genitive)
pompilus (nominative singular)
pompilī (nominative plural)
pompilī (genitive singular)
pompilōrum (genitive plural)
pompilō (dative singular)
pompilīs (dative plural)
pompilum (accusative singular)
pompilōs (accusative plural)
pompilō (ablative singular)
pompilīs (ablative plural)
pompile (singular vocative)
pompilī (plural vocative)

Catalan: pàmpol

[ˈpɔmpɪɫ̪ʊs̠]


haedus

haedus m (genitive haedī); second declension

haedī (genitive)
haedus (nominative singular)
haedī (nominative plural)
haedī (genitive singular)
haedōrum (genitive plural)
haedō (dative singular)
haedīs (dative plural)
haedum (accusative singular)
haedōs (accusative plural)
haedō (ablative singular)
haedīs (ablative plural)
haede (singular vocative)
haedī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: ed

Megleno-Romanian: ied

Romanian: ied

Sardinian: edu

Vulgar Latin: *haegulus

Old Italian: eghio

[ˈhäe̯d̪ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *haidos, from earlier *xaidos, probably a loanword from a pre-Indo-European substrate language due to the fact that it cannot be derived from any known root. The only sure cognate is Proto-Germanic *gaits (“goat”).
Varro, in De Lingua Latina cites a Sabine form: fedus.


agaricum

agaricum n (genitive agaricī); second declension

agaricī (genitive)
agaricum (nominative singular)
agarica (nominative plural)
agaricī (genitive singular)
agaricōrum (genitive plural)
agaricō (dative singular)
agaricīs (dative plural)
agaricum (accusative singular)
agarica (accusative plural)
agaricō (ablative singular)
agaricīs (ablative plural)
agaricum (singular vocative)
agarica (plural vocative)

English: agaric

French: agaric

Irish: agairg

Italian: agarico

Portuguese: agárico

[äˈɡärɪkʊ̃ˑ]


cedrus

cedrus f (genitive cedrī); second declension

cedrī (genitive)
cedrus (nominative singular)
cedrī (nominative plural)
cedrī (genitive singular)
cedrōrum (genitive plural)
cedrō (dative singular)
cedrīs (dative plural)
cedrum (accusative singular)
cedrōs (accusative plural)
cedrō (ablative singular)
cedrīs (ablative plural)
cedre (singular vocative)
cedrī (plural vocative)

Catalan: cedre

Galician: cidreira

Italian: cedro

Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: seder

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: seder

Old French: cedre

French: cèdre (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: cedre (see there for further descendants)

Norman: cèdre

→ Polish: cedr

Portuguese: cedro

Romanian: cedru

→ Russian: кедр (kedr)

Spanish: cedro

→ Proto-West Germanic: *cedru (see there for further descendants)

Translingual: Cedrus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros, “applied to species of Juniperus and similar trees”). Compare with its possible mutation citrus.

bor

Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedrus#Translingual


vinetum

la-noun

vīnētum n (genitive vīnētī); second declension

vīnētum (canonical neuter)
vīnētī (genitive)
vīnētum (nominative singular)
vīnēta (nominative plural)
vīnētī (genitive singular)
vīnētōrum (genitive plural)
vīnētō (dative singular)
vīnētīs (dative plural)
vīnētum (accusative singular)
vīnēta (accusative plural)
vīnētō (ablative singular)
vīnētīs (ablative plural)
vīnētum (singular vocative)
vīnēta (plural vocative)

Asturian: viñéu

Galician: viñedo

Italian: vigneto

Portuguese: vinhedo

Spanish: viñedo

[u̯iːˈneːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

vīnum (“wine, grapes, vine”) + -etum (“grove, plantation”).


erice

la-noun

erīcē f (genitive erīcēs); first declension

erīcē (canonical feminine)
erīcēs (genitive)
erīcē (nominative singular)
erīcae (nominative plural)
erīcēs (genitive singular)
erīcārum (genitive plural)
erīcae (dative singular)
erīcīs (dative plural)
erīcēn (accusative singular)
erīcās (accusative plural)
erīcē (ablative singular)
erīcīs (ablative plural)
erīcē (singular vocative)
erīcae (plural vocative)


vaccinium

vaccīnium n (genitive vaccīniī or vaccīnī); second declension

vaccīnium (canonical neuter)
vaccīniī (genitive)
vaccīnī (genitive)
vaccīnium (nominative singular)
vaccīnia (nominative plural)
vaccīniī (genitive singular)
vaccīnī (genitive singular)
vaccīniōrum (genitive plural)
vaccīniō (dative singular)
vaccīniīs (dative plural)
vaccīnium (accusative singular)
vaccīnia (accusative plural)
vaccīniō (ablative singular)
vaccīniīs (ablative plural)
vaccīnium (singular vocative)
vaccīnia (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Vaccinium

→ English: vaccinium

From vaccīnus (“relating to cows”), or a corruption of Ancient Greek ὑάκινθος (huákinthos, “dark red, purple”).


palmula

la-noun

palmula f (genitive palmulae); first declension

palmulae (genitive)
palmula (nominative singular)
palmulae (nominative plural)
palmulae (genitive singular)
palmulārum (genitive plural)
palmulae (dative singular)
palmulīs (dative plural)
palmulam (accusative singular)
palmulās (accusative plural)
palmulā (ablative singular)
palmulīs (ablative plural)
palmula (singular vocative)
palmulae (plural vocative)

[ˈpäɫ̪mʊɫ̪ä]

palma (“hand, palm of the hand; palm tree”) + -ula

af

(by extension) the fruit of the palm tree; date


secale

la-noun

sēcale n (genitive sēcalis); third declension

sēcale (canonical neuter)
sēcalis (genitive)
sēcale (nominative singular)
sēcalia (nominative plural)
sēcalis (genitive singular)
sēcalium (genitive plural)
sēcalī (dative singular)
sēcalibus (dative plural)
sēcale (accusative singular)
sēcalia (accusative plural)
sēcalī (ablative singular)
sēcalibus (ablative plural)
sēcale (singular vocative)
sēcalia (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: sicarã

Romanian: secară

Italo-Romance:

Italian: segale, ⇒ segala

Tuscan and Central Italian: segale, segole ⇒ segala, segola, seguala

Sicilian: sègala

Padanian:

desc

Emilian: séigar, sègher, sagle, säigle, ségul, sègal ⇒ segla, segàra, séigala, sgala

Friulian: siale

⇒ Ligurian: séia, séiga, sêga

Lombard:

Alpine: ⇒ sèila, sèa

Occidental seghel, ségal ⇒ segla, segra, selgra, ségria, sega

Oriental: séghel, ségal, sìgal

Piedmontese: sèil, sèi, sail, sèl, sè ⇒ segla, seirada

→ Vivaro-Alpine: sèil, sèi

Romagnol: segle, ségal, ségol, ségul, ségual

⇒ Venetan: siala, segala, segała

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal:

Bressan: ⇒ sèglla, sèlya, sêlya

Dauphinois: sêgla, sîdia

Forézien: sêly, sêlyi

Fribourgeois: ⇒ sàela

Genevois: ⇒ sâla

Lyonnais: sêgl ⇒ ségla, sêlya

Jurassien: ⇒ sélyo, sêglo, sèlo

Neuchâtelois: sèly

Savoyard: sèla, séila, sèlya, sêla, sala

Valaisin: ⇒ sèila, sèlya, sêgla, sila

Valdôtain: ⇒ sèila

Vaudois: sêgle ⇒ sèlya, saèla, sâla, sèla

Old French: soile

Bourbonnais-Berrichon: seille

Bourguignon: soille

Champenois: soâle

Franc-Comtois: soile

Picard: soile

Walloon: swele, soil

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: ségal

Ribagorçan: selga, séguel

Catalan: sègol, segle, ségol, sèguel, sègal

Old Occitan: segle

Auvergnat: selhe ⇒ selha, silha

Gascon: segle

Languedocien: segal, segle, siegle, sial, siàl, segol, siol ⇒ segla

Limousin: segle, seglhe, selhe

Foishenc: séguel, séguelh

Cevenòl: ⇒ segia, selha

Provençal: segle, segue, segie ⇒ segla

Vivaro-Alpine: sèu, sege ⇒ segla, sela, selha, seja

Valadas: ⇒ sega

→? Old French: segle, seygle, soigle

Middle French: seigle

French: seigle

Borrowings

→ Byzantine Greek: σίκαλη (síkalē)

Greek: σίκαλη (síkali)

→⇒ English: triticale (in part)

→ Old English: sigle

→ Old Irish: secal

Irish: seagal

Scottish Gaelic: seagal

→ Translingual: Secale

[ˈs̠eːkäɫ̪ɛ]

Unknown. Maybe a loanword from a language spoken in the Balkans. Has been compared unconvincingly to sēcula (“sickle”) and secō (“to cut”).


triticum

la-noun

trīticum n (genitive trīticī); second declension

trīticum (canonical neuter)
trīticī (genitive)
trīticum (nominative singular)
trītica (nominative plural)
trīticī (genitive singular)
trīticōrum (genitive plural)
trīticō (dative singular)
trīticīs (dative plural)
trīticum (accusative singular)
trītica (accusative plural)
trīticō (ablative singular)
trīticīs (ablative plural)
trīticum (singular vocative)
trītica (plural vocative)

Aragonese: trigo

Italian: tritico

Old Leonese: trigo

Asturian: trigu, tríu

Mirandese: trio

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: triigo
Galician: trigo
Portuguese: trigo (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish:

Ladino: trigo

Spanish: trigo (see there for further descendants)

Sardinian: tricu, tridicu, tridigu, trigu

→ English: triticum; →⇒ triticale

→ Esperanto: tritiko

→ Translingual: Triticum

[ˈt̪riːt̪ɪkʊ̃ˑ]

From trītus, perfect passive participle of terō (“graze, grind”).


iuniperus

la-noun

iūniperus f (genitive iūniperī); second declension

iūniperus (canonical feminine)
iūniperī (genitive)
iūniperus (nominative singular)
iūniperī (nominative plural)
iūniperī (genitive singular)
iūniperōrum (genitive plural)
iūniperō (dative singular)
iūniperīs (dative plural)
iūniperum (accusative singular)
iūniperōs (accusative plural)
iūniperō (ablative singular)
iūniperīs (ablative plural)
iūnipere (singular vocative)
iūniperī (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Aromanian: giuneapini, giuneapine

Romanian: jneapăn, jnepen, jneapăr

Borrowed:

→ Portuguese: junípero

→? Romanian: ienupăr

→ Spanish: junípero

→ Translingual: Juniperus, Juniperites

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ginepro

Sicilian: jinìparu

Insular Romance:

Old Sardinian: [Term?]

Gallurese: niparu

Logudorese: nibaru

Sassarese: zinibbari

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: zenvar, znever

Lombard: zenivru, zanibru, zenever

Ligurian: zeneivro (medieval), zenêvu

desc

Piedmontese: zenèiver, geneiver, znèivr, znèj, genéj, znavr, zneivar

Venetan: xenevro

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: zenevre

Ladin: jeneivar

Romansch: ganaivar, jünaivar, geneivar

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: ginebre

Old Franco-Provençal: genevro

Franco-Provençal: genêvro

Old French: genevre (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: genibre, genèbre, genebre

Gascon: genèbre, ginèbre

→ Middle Breton: genevreg

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: chinepro, chinipro, chinebro, chinabro, chinarro

Old Galician-Portuguese: *jĩebro, *jĩbro

Galician: cimbro

Portuguese: zimbro

Spanish: enebro

Borrowings:

→ Basque: ipuru

→? Old Norse: einir (see there for further descendants)

Often connected to iūncus (“reed”). According to Brüch, after the form combrētum, the Latin expected form would be *iūniber, *iūnibrī. The form iūniperus, following him, is a pseudo-Latinism by Sabine speakers, who, themselves in the land of junipers as ancient relations and the terms for particular species catanum and herba Sabīna witness, have borrowed the original form from Umbrian, and knowing the Umbrian correspondence of br to pr and elision of vowels loaned the plant name in the shape iūniperus, iūniperī, in spite of the language of the Latium regularly exposing the nominative singular ending -erus only from old -esos while -er for old -ros. Often connected to Old Norse einir (“juniper”), supposedly from a Proto-Germanic *(j)ainijaz of the same meaning, through a common Indo-European origin or wanderwort.


ballote

la-noun

ballōtē f (genitive ballōtēs); first declension

ballōtē (canonical feminine)
ballōtēs (genitive)
ballōtē (nominative singular)
ballōtae (nominative plural)
ballōtēs (genitive singular)
ballōtārum (genitive plural)
ballōtae (dative singular)
ballōtīs (dative plural)
ballōtēn (accusative singular)
ballōtās (accusative plural)
ballōtē (ablative singular)
ballōtīs (ablative plural)
ballōtē (singular vocative)
ballōtae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βαλλωτή (ballōtḗ).


sambucus

sambūcus f (genitive sambūcī); second declension

sambūcus (canonical feminine)
sambūcī (genitive)
sambūcus (nominative singular)
sambūcī (nominative plural)
sambūcī (genitive singular)
sambūcōrum (genitive plural)
sambūcō (dative singular)
sambūcīs (dative plural)
sambūcum (accusative singular)
sambūcōs (accusative plural)
sambūcō (ablative singular)
sambūcīs (ablative plural)
sambūce (singular vocative)
sambūcī (plural vocative)

Italian: sambuco

Lombard: sambugh

Occitan: sambuc

Sardinian: sambucu

Venetan: sanbugo, sanbuc

Borrowings:

→ English: sambuca

→ Translingual: Sambucus

Masculine form of sambūca (“ancient stringed instrument of Asiatic origin”), as the wind instrument was made from the wood of the elder tree. + -ūcus was a suffix common to several other plant names.


urtica

urtīca f (genitive urtīcae); first declension

urtīca (canonical feminine)
urtīcae (genitive)
urtīca (nominative singular)
urtīcae (nominative plural)
urtīcae (genitive singular)
urtīcārum (genitive plural)
urtīcae (dative singular)
urtīcīs (dative plural)
urtīcam (accusative singular)
urtīcās (accusative plural)
urtīcā (ablative singular)
urtīcīs (ablative plural)
urtīca (singular vocative)
urtīcae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: urticã, urdzicã, urdzãcã, urdzeche

Romanian: urzică

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ortica; urtica (Tuscan and central dialects)

Neapolitan: ardica, radica

Sicilian: ardica ⇒ ardìcula

Calabrese: ordica, lurdica, ardica

North Italian:

Gallo-Italian:

Emilian: urtiga, ortiga

Ligurian: òrtîga, ortîga, éurtîa

Lombard: urtiga, urtic

Piedmontese: urtija, urtia, aurtia, ortija, ortia

Romagnol: urtiga

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: urtie

Ladin: ortìa

Romansch: urtia

Venetan: ortiga, oltriga, urtiga

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: ortie, ortia, orcha

French: ortie

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese:

Ansotano: xordiga

Belsetán: ixordica

Cheso: xordiga

Chistabín: ixordica, ixordiga

Panticuto: xordica, xordiga

Ribagorçan: ixordiga, ixordica

Catalan: ortiga

Occitan:

Auvergnat: ortija, otrija, órtia

Gascon: ortiga, ortica, autriga, hortiga, hortic

Languedocien: ortiga, autriga, ortic

Limousin: ortruja, autruja, ertruja, entruja

Provençal: ortiga, aurtiga

Vivaro-Alpine: úrtia, urtia, ortia, uèrtia

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: ortiga, urtiga

Galician: ortiga ⇒ estruga

Portuguese: urtiga, ortiga

Spanish: ortiga

Borrowings:

→ Translingual: Urtica

Unknown. Ernout and Meillet rejects association with ūrō (“to burn”) as a folk etymology, since that verb etymologically has a stem ending in -s- and so should have yielded *ū̆stīca instead.


palumbes

la-noun

palumbēs m or f (genitive palumbis); third declension

palumbēs (canonical feminine masculine)
palumbis (genitive)
palumbēs (nominative singular)
palumbēs (nominative plural)
palumbis (genitive singular)
palumbium (genitive plural)
palumbī (dative singular)
palumbibus (dative plural)
palumbem (accusative singular)
palumbēs (accusative plural)
palumbīs (accusative plural)
palumbe (ablative singular)
palumbibus (ablative plural)
palumbēs (singular vocative)
palumbēs (plural vocative)

[päˈɫ̪ʊmbeːs̠]

Possibly a derivative of Proto-Italic *palwos, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥H-wo- (“dark-colored, gray”), from *pelH- (“gray, pale”), owing to the color of the pigeon's plumage. Compare Ancient Greek πέλειᾰ (péleiă, “rock pigeon”) and Old Prussian poalis (“pigeon”); see palleō (“to be pale”) for more potential cognates. However, the suffix is unexplained and resembles that in Ancient Greek κολυμβῐ́ς (kolumbĭ́s, “diver, little grebe, pigeon”), which may point to substrate origin.

m+

woodpigeon / wood-pigeon / wood pigeon; ring dove


palumbulus

la-noun

palumbulus m (genitive palumbulī); second declension

palumbulī (genitive)
palumbulus (nominative singular)
palumbulī (nominative plural)
palumbulī (genitive singular)
palumbulōrum (genitive plural)
palumbulō (dative singular)
palumbulīs (dative plural)
palumbulum (accusative singular)
palumbulōs (accusative plural)
palumbulō (ablative singular)
palumbulīs (ablative plural)
palumbule (singular vocative)
palumbulī (plural vocative)

[päˈɫ̪ʊmbʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

Diminutive from palumbēs (“wood pigeon”) + -ulus.

(endearing) A little wood pigeon or little dove.


larix

larix f (genitive laricis); third declension

laricis (genitive)
larix (nominative singular)
laricēs (nominative plural)
laricis (genitive singular)
laricum (genitive plural)
laricī (dative singular)
laricibus (dative plural)
laricem (accusative singular)
laricēs (accusative plural)
larice (ablative singular)
laricibus (ablative plural)
larix (singular vocative)
laricēs (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: larze

Ligurian: arzo

Lombard: lares, lars, larza

Borrowings:

→ Basque: laritz

→ Catalan: làrix

→ Dutch: lariks

→ Georgian: ლარიქსი (lariksi)

→ Greek: λάρικας (lárikas)

→ Irish: learóg

→ Italian: larice

→ Portuguese: lariço

→ Romanian: larice

→ Scottish Gaelic: learag

→ Spanish: lárice

→ Translingual: Larix

→ Proto-West Germanic: *larikā (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ariš

From Ancient Greek λάριξ (lárix), possibly a loan from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *daru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru.


pancratium

pancratium n (genitive pancratiī or pancratī); second declension

pancratiī (genitive)
pancratī (genitive)
pancratium (nominative singular)
pancratia (nominative plural)
pancratiī (genitive singular)
pancratī (genitive singular)
pancratiōrum (genitive plural)
pancratiō (dative singular)
pancratiīs (dative plural)
pancratium (accusative singular)
pancratia (accusative plural)
pancratiō (ablative singular)
pancratiīs (ablative plural)
pancratium (singular vocative)
pancratia (plural vocative)

English: pancratium

French: pancrace

[päŋˈkrät̪iʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek παγκράτιον (pankrátion, “all powers; exercise which combines both wrestling and boxing”).

der

A gymnastic contest, which is a blend of wrestling and boxing, pankration.


hordeum

la-noun

hordeum n (genitive hordeī); second declension

hordeī (genitive)
hordeum (nominative singular)
hordea (nominative plural)
hordeī (genitive singular)
hordeōrum (genitive plural)
hordeō (dative singular)
hordeīs (dative plural)
hordeum (accusative singular)
hordea (accusative plural)
hordeō (ablative singular)
hordeīs (ablative plural)
hordeum (singular vocative)
hordea (plural vocative)

Aromanian: ordzu

Catalan: ordi, orxata

desc

Champenois: orge (Troyen), orde (Rémois)

Dalmatian: vuarz

Franc-Comtois: oûerdge

Dutch: orgeade

English: orgeat, horchata

Franco-Provençal: horgeo, horgeat

French: orge, orgeat

Friulian: vuardi

Italian: orzo, orzata

Megleno-Romanian: uorz, uorḑ

Occitan: òrdi, ordiat

Asturian: orgu

Old Galician-Portuguese: orjo

Galician: orxo

Romanian: orz

Romansch: ierdi, üerdi

Sardinian: ogliu, olzu, orgiu, orju, orzu

Sicilian: oriu (from an earlier “òrjiu”)

→ Spanish: hordio, horchata

Translingual: Hordeum

[ˈhɔrd̪eʊ̃ˑ]

From Proto-Italic *horzdeom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥sdeyom (“bristly”) after the long prickly awns of the ear of grain.
Cognate to Old High German gersta (“barley”), German Gerste (“barley”), English gorse. Related to Latin horreo (“to bristle”), hirsutus (“hairy”), and ericius (“urchin”)


scolopendra

la-noun

scolopendra f (genitive scolopendrae); first declension

scolopendrae (genitive)
scolopendra (nominative singular)
scolopendrae (nominative plural)
scolopendrae (genitive singular)
scolopendrārum (genitive plural)
scolopendrae (dative singular)
scolopendrīs (dative plural)
scolopendram (accusative singular)
scolopendrās (accusative plural)
scolopendrā (ablative singular)
scolopendrīs (ablative plural)
scolopendra (singular vocative)
scolopendrae (plural vocative)

French: scolopendre

Italian: scolopendra

Romanian: scolopendră

Spanish: escolopendra

Translingual: Scolopendra

[s̠kɔɫ̪ɔˈpɛn̪d̪rä]

From Ancient Greek σκολόπενδρα (skolópendra).


felinus

la-adj

fēlīnus (feminine fēlīna, neuter fēlīnum); first/second-declension adjective

fēlīnus (canonical)
fēlīna (feminine)
fēlīnum (neuter)
fēlīnus (masculine nominative singular)
fēlīna (feminine nominative singular)
fēlīnum (neuter nominative singular)
fēlīnī (masculine nominative singular)
fēlīnae (feminine nominative plural)
fēlīna (neuter nominative plural)
fēlīnī (genitive masculine singular)
fēlīnae (feminine genitive singular)
fēlīnī (genitive neuter singular)
fēlīnōrum (genitive masculine singular)
fēlīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
fēlīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
fēlīnō (dative masculine singular)
fēlīnae (dative feminine singular)
fēlīnō (dative neuter singular)
fēlīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
fēlīnum (accusative masculine singular)
fēlīnam (accusative feminine singular)
fēlīnum (accusative neuter singular)
fēlīnōs (accusative masculine singular)
fēlīnās (accusative feminine plural)
fēlīna (accusative neuter plural)
fēlīnō (ablative masculine singular)
fēlīnā (ablative feminine singular)
fēlīnō (ablative neuter singular)
fēlīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
fēlīne (masculine singular vocative)
fēlīna (feminine singular vocative)
fēlīnum (neuter singular vocative)
fēlīnī (masculine singular vocative)
fēlīnae (feminine plural vocative)
fēlīna (neuter plural vocative)

→ Catalan: felí

→ English: feline

→ French: félin

→ Galician: felino

→ Italian: felino

→ Occitan: felin

→ Portuguese: felino

→ Sicilian: filinu

→ Spanish: felino

Iau, miauler, est vocem felinam edere.

1570, Anthony van Cuyck, Grammatica gallica, page 16:

(The triphthong) iau, (as in) miauler, is to emit a cat's cry.

Nam fundus Choroidis taurinae caeruleus, felinae flavus existit, &c.

1652, Christoph Scheiner, Oculus, Liber I, Pars I, Cap. IV

For the bottom of the taurine Choroid appears blue, the feline, yellow, and so on.

Lapis felinus, qui ferro attritus urinam felium redolet.

1750, Jan Frederik Gronovius, Index supellectilis lapidea, page 10:

The cat-stone, which, rubbed with iron, smells like the urine of cats.

In felino genere animalitas ad summum gradum evecta et animales spiritus maxime exaltati videntur.

1811, Peter Simon Pallas, Zoographia rosso-asiatica, volume I, page 14:

Within the feline kind are seen animality raised to the highest level and animals particularly elevated of the spirit.


barbus

la-noun

barbus m (genitive barbī); second declension

barbī (genitive)
barbus (nominative singular)
barbī (nominative plural)
barbī (genitive singular)
barbōrum (genitive plural)
barbō (dative singular)
barbīs (dative plural)
barbum (accusative singular)
barbōs (accusative plural)
barbō (ablative singular)
barbīs (ablative plural)
barbe (singular vocative)
barbī (plural vocative)

Catalan: barb

Italian: barbo

West Iberian

Galician: barbo

Portuguese: barbo

Spanish: barbo

→ Finnish: barbi

→ German: Barbe

→ Swedish: barb

⇒ Late Latin: barbulus (diminutive)

Vulgar Latin: *barbellus

desctree

Old French: barbel
French: barbeau
Walloon: bårbea
→ English: barbel
→ Middle Dutch: barbeel
Dutch: barbeel


suber

la-noun

sūber n (genitive sūberis); third declension

sūber (canonical neuter)
sūberis (genitive)
sūber (nominative singular)
sūbera (nominative plural)
sūberis (genitive singular)
sūberum (genitive plural)
sūberī (dative singular)
sūberibus (dative plural)
sūber (accusative singular)
sūbera (accusative plural)
sūbere (ablative singular)
sūberibus (ablative plural)
sūber (singular vocative)
sūbera (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: sughero, suvero

Neapolitan: surve, survo

Sicilian: sùviru

Padanian:

Emilian: sùver

Friulian: sûr

Venetan: sóvaro, sóaro, suro

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: zuro

desc

Catalan: suro, suiro, súrio, suire, siure

→ Spanish: zuro (or from Aragonese)

Occitan:

Languedocien: siure, seure, sieure, siuse

Provençal: suve, subre, siure

Vivaro-Alpine: suve, siure

Ibero-Romance:

⇒ Galician: sobreira

Portuguese: sobro ⇒ sobreiro

→ Leonese: sobreru (Salamanca)

→ Spanish: sobrero

Borrowings:

→ Arabic: شُبِر (šubir)

→ English: suber, ⇒ suberose

→ French: suber ⇒ subéreux

→ Romanian: suber

→ Italian: subero

Disputed. According to one hypothesis, it is from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Old High German swigen (“to be silent”) and its West Germanic cognates, possibly a reference to cork being stripped without harming the tree. However, an Indo-European etymology for the Germanic set is disputed; see *swīgā. Alternatively, it may be connected with Ancient Greek σῦφαρ (sûphar, “wrinkled skin”), from a third, perhaps substrate source, with an approximate form *sūbʰ-.


taxus

la-noun

taxus f (genitive taxī); second declension

taxī (genitive)
taxus (nominative singular)
taxī (nominative plural)
taxī (genitive singular)
taxōrum (genitive plural)
taxō (dative singular)
taxīs (dative plural)
taxum (accusative singular)
taxōs (accusative plural)
taxō (ablative singular)
taxīs (ablative plural)
taxe (singular vocative)
taxī (plural vocative)

Asturian: texu

Catalan: teix

French: taxacées

Italian: tasso

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: teixo

Portuguese: teixo

Spanish: tejo

Venetan: taso

→? Esperanto: taksuso

Ido: taxuso

→ Translingual: Taxus

A loanword of Scythian origin, from Proto-Iranian *taxša, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to flee, run”), as the fruit was considered poisonous. Also compare modern Persian تخش (taxš, “crossbow”).

der

[ˈt̪äks̠ʊs̠]

(poetic) A javelin made of the wood of the yew tree.


taxus

la-noun

taxus m (genitive taxī); second declension

Galician: teixo

Italian: tasso

From Frankish *þahs, from Proto-Germanic *þahsuz (“badger”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- (“construct”) after the badger's construction of its setts. However see also Gaulish taksos (Delamarre, 2003).

[ˈt̪äks̠ʊs̠]


gobio

gōbiō m (genitive gōbiōnis); third declension

gōbiō (canonical masculine)
gōbiōnis (genitive)
gōbiō (nominative singular)
gōbiōnēs (nominative plural)
gōbiōnis (genitive singular)
gōbiōnum (genitive plural)
gōbiōnī (dative singular)
gōbiōnibus (dative plural)
gōbiōnem (accusative singular)
gōbiōnēs (accusative plural)
gōbiōne (ablative singular)
gōbiōnibus (ablative plural)
gōbiō (singular vocative)
gōbiōnēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Gobio


mya

myae (genitive)
mya (nominative singular)
myae (nominative plural)
myae (genitive singular)
myārum (genitive plural)
myae (dative singular)
myīs (dative plural)
myam (accusative singular)
myās (accusative plural)
myā (ablative singular)
myīs (ablative plural)
mya (singular vocative)
myae (plural vocative)


porcellus

porcellus m (genitive porcellī); second declension

porcellī (genitive)
porcellus (nominative singular)
porcellī (nominative plural)
porcellī (genitive singular)
porcellōrum (genitive plural)
porcellō (dative singular)
porcellīs (dative plural)
porcellum (accusative singular)
porcellōs (accusative plural)
porcellō (ablative singular)
porcellīs (ablative plural)
porcelle (singular vocative)
porcellī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: purtsel, purtselu, pãrtsel, pãrtselu

Romanian: purcel

Italo-Romance:

Italian: porcello

Neapolitan: porcieddo

Sicilian: purceddu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: porcheddu, purcheddu, porceddu, proceddu

North Italian:

Emilian: purzèl

Ladin: porcel

Romansch: purschè, purschel

Venetan: porseƚo, porselo, porsèl, porzèl

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: porcell

→ Spanish: porcel

Occitan: porcèl

Old French: porcel

French: pourceau

Walloon: pourcea

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Brythonic: *porxell (see there for further descendants)

[pɔrˈkɛlːʲʊs̠]

From porculus (“little pig”) + -lus, from porcus (“pig”).


sesamum

la-noun

sēsamum n (genitive sēsamī); second declension

sēsamum (canonical neuter)
sēsamī (genitive)
sēsamum (nominative singular)
sēsama (nominative plural)
sēsamī (genitive singular)
sēsamōrum (genitive plural)
sēsamō (dative singular)
sēsamīs (dative plural)
sēsamum (accusative singular)
sēsama (accusative plural)
sēsamō (ablative singular)
sēsamīs (ablative plural)
sēsamum (singular vocative)
sēsama (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠eːs̠ämʊ̃ˑ]

sīsima

Late Latin or Medieval Latin manuscript variants


colocasia

colocāsia f (genitive colocāsiae); first declension

colocāsia (canonical feminine)
colocāsiae (genitive)
colocāsia (nominative singular)
colocāsiae (nominative plural)
colocāsiae (genitive singular)
colocāsiārum (genitive plural)
colocāsiae (dative singular)
colocāsiīs (dative plural)
colocāsiam (accusative singular)
colocāsiās (accusative plural)
colocāsiā (ablative singular)
colocāsiīs (ablative plural)
colocāsia (singular vocative)
colocāsiae (plural vocative)

[kɔɫ̪ɔˈkäːs̠iä]

From Ancient Greek κολοκασία (kolokasía), κολοκάσιον (kolokásion). Of uncertain Asiatic origin shared with Mishnaic Hebrew קולקס, קרקס (“taro”) and Arabic قُلْقَاس (qulqās, “taro”).


ericius

ērīcius m (genitive ērīciī or ērīcī); second declension

ērīcius (canonical masculine)
ērīciī (genitive)
ērīcī (genitive)
ērīcius (nominative singular)
ērīciī (nominative plural)
ērīciī (genitive singular)
ērīcī (genitive singular)
ērīciōrum (genitive plural)
ērīciō (dative singular)
ērīciīs (dative plural)
ērīcium (accusative singular)
ērīciōs (accusative plural)
ērīciō (ablative singular)
ērīciīs (ablative plural)
ērīcie (singular vocative)
ērīciī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: ariciu, arici

Romanian: arici

→ Albanian: uriq, iriq

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: ricciu

Italian: riccio

Sicilian: rizzu m, rizza f (see there for further descendants)

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: riss, ress

Ligurian: riseu, rìsso

Lombard: rizz, riss, ress, ariss

Piedmontese: ariss, riss

Friulian: riç, rič

Romansch: rizza f

Venetan: riço, riso

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: héres

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: oriç

Old Occitan: aritz

Languedocien: eriç, eiriç

Vivaro-Alpine: eriç

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: erizo, arizo

Asturian: oriciu, ariciu, arizu

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: ourizo

Portuguese: ouriço, oiriço

Spanish: erizo, rizo

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: rizzu

Borrowings:

→ English: ericius (learned)

→ Portuguese: erício (learned)

Basque: kirikino

Translingual: Clubiona ericius, Hypostomus ericius, Metabelba ericius

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰḗr (“hedgehog”). Compare ēr (“hedgehog”), and its variant forms.


pectorale

pectorāle n (genitive pectorālis); third declension

pectorāle (canonical neuter)
pectorālis (genitive)
pectorāle (nominative singular)
pectorālia (nominative plural)
pectorālis (genitive singular)
pectorālium (genitive plural)
pectorālī (dative singular)
pectorālibus (dative plural)
pectorāle (accusative singular)
pectorālia (accusative plural)
pectorālī (ablative singular)
pectorālibus (ablative plural)
pectorāle (singular vocative)
pectorālia (plural vocative)

→ English: pectoral

French: peitral

Spanish: peitral

Polish: pektorał

[pɛkt̪ɔˈräːɫ̪ɛ]

From pectorālis (“of or pertaining to the breast”).

breastgirth, breastband, breaststrap, supporting the mammaries of a human female


arundo

arundō f (genitive arundinis); third declension

arundō (canonical feminine)
arundinis (genitive)
arundō (nominative singular)
arundinēs (nominative plural)
arundinis (genitive singular)
arundinum (genitive plural)
arundinī (dative singular)
arundinibus (dative plural)
arundinem (accusative singular)
arundinēs (accusative plural)
arundine (ablative singular)
arundinibus (ablative plural)
arundō (singular vocative)
arundinēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Arundo

Unknown. Probably from a substrate source, like Ancient Greek ὀρόντιον (oróntion) and ἄρον (áron, “cuckoopint, arum”).


bulga

bulga f (genitive bulgae); first declension

bulgae (genitive)
bulga (nominative singular)
bulgae (nominative plural)
bulgae (genitive singular)
bulgārum (genitive plural)
bulgae (dative singular)
bulgīs (dative plural)
bulgam (accusative singular)
bulgās (accusative plural)
bulgā (ablative singular)
bulgīs (ablative plural)
bulga (singular vocative)
bulgae (plural vocative)

→ Old French: bouge, boulge, bolge (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Gaulish bolgā, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.