zebra

la-noun

zebra f (genitive zebrae); first declension

zebrae (genitive)
zebra (nominative singular)
zebrae (nominative plural)
zebrae (genitive singular)
zebrārum (genitive plural)
zebrae (dative singular)
zebrīs (dative plural)
zebram (accusative singular)
zebrās (accusative plural)
zebrā (ablative singular)
zebrīs (ablative plural)
zebra (singular vocative)
zebrae (plural vocative)

[ˈd̪͡z̪ɛbrä]

[ˈd̪͡z̪ɛːbrä]


curriculum

curriculum n (genitive curriculī); second declension

curriculī (genitive)
curriculum (nominative singular)
curricula (nominative plural)
curriculī (genitive singular)
curriculōrum (genitive plural)
curriculō (dative singular)
curriculīs (dative plural)
curriculum (accusative singular)
curricula (accusative plural)
curriculō (ablative singular)
curriculīs (ablative plural)
curriculum (singular vocative)
curricula (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: currículum

→ English: curricle; curriculum

→ French: curriculum

→ German: Curriculum

Italian: curricolo

Norman: tchuthitchulum

Portuguese: currículo

Spanish: currículo, carrejo

[kʊrˈrɪkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From currō (“run, move quickly”) + -culum.


stratum

strātum n (genitive strātī); second declension

strātum (canonical neuter)
strātī (genitive)
strātum (nominative singular)
strāta (nominative plural)
strātī (genitive singular)
strātōrum (genitive plural)
strātō (dative singular)
strātīs (dative plural)
strātum (accusative singular)
strāta (accusative plural)
strātō (ablative singular)
strātīs (ablative plural)
strātum (singular vocative)
strāta (plural vocative)

Catalan: estrat

→ Dutch: stratum

→ English: stratum

→ Welsh: stratwm

French: strate

Friulian: strât

Galician: estrado

Italian: strato

Occitan: estrat

Piedmontese: strat

Portuguese: estrado

Romanian: strat

Spanish: estrado

→ French: estrade

→ English: estrade

desc

→ Welsh: gwastrawd (“groom, stablekeeper”)

[ˈs̠t̪räːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”).


mulus

la-noun

mūlus m (genitive mūlī); second declension

mūlus (canonical masculine)
mūlī (genitive)
mūlus (nominative singular)
mūlī (nominative plural)
mūlī (genitive singular)
mūlōrum (genitive plural)
mūlō (dative singular)
mūlīs (dative plural)
mūlum (accusative singular)
mūlōs (accusative plural)
mūlō (ablative singular)
mūlīs (ablative plural)
mūle (singular vocative)
mūlī (plural vocative)

Catalan: mul

Franco-Provençal: mul (archaic)

Italian: mulo

Occitan: mul

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: muu
Fala: mú
Portuguese: mu

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: mulo
Galician: mulo
Portuguese: mulo

Romanian: mul

Sicilian: mulu

Spanish: mulo

→ Albanian: mulë

→ Proto-Brythonic: *mʉl

Middle Welsh: mul

Welsh: mul

→ Esperanto: mulo

→ Proto-West Germanic: *mūl (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Slavic: *mulъ

Czech: mula

Lower Sorbian: mul

Polish: muł

Russian: мул (mul)

Serbo-Croatian: mȕla

Proto-Italic *mukslos, *musk-, *muks-, probably from a pre-Latin Mediterranean/Near Eastern substrate language, likely cognate with Ancient Greek μυχλός (mukhlós), μύκλος (múklos), μύκλα (múkla), Albanian mushk (“mule”) and Old East Slavic мъскъ (mŭskŭ).


murex

la-noun

mūrex m (genitive mūricis); third declension

mūrex (canonical masculine)
mūricis (genitive)
mūrex (nominative singular)
mūricēs (nominative plural)
mūricis (genitive singular)
mūricum (genitive plural)
mūricī (dative singular)
mūricibus (dative plural)
mūricem (accusative singular)
mūricēs (accusative plural)
mūrice (ablative singular)
mūricibus (ablative plural)
mūrex (singular vocative)
mūricēs (plural vocative)

English: muriciform, muricite, muricoid

Irish: maorach

Catalan: múrex

Italian: murice

Portuguese: múrice

Spanish: múrice

Translingual: Murex

Uncertain. Perhaps a derivative of mūs (“mouse”), whence mūsculus (“a saltwater mussel”). Alternatively, together with Ancient Greek μύαξ (múax, “sea mussel”) borrowed from a Mediterranean substrate language.

A sharp murex shell used as a bridle bit.


equito

la-verb

equitō (present infinitive equitāre, perfect active equitāvī, supine equitātum); first conjugation, no passive

equitō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
equitāre (infinitive present)
equitāvī (active perfect)
equitātum (supine)
equitō (active first-person indicative present singular)
equitās (active indicative present second-person singular)
equitat (active indicative present singular third-person)
equitāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
equitātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
equitant (active indicative plural present third-person)
equitābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
equitābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
equitābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
equitābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
equitābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
equitābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
equitābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
equitābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
equitābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
equitābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
equitābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
equitābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
equitāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
equitāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
equitāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
equitāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
equitāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
equitāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
equitāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
equitāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
equitāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
equitāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
equitāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
equitāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
equitāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
equitāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
equitāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
equitāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
equitāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
equitāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
equitāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
equitem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
equitēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
equitet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
equitēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
equitētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
equitent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
equitārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
equitārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
equitāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
equitārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
equitārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
equitārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
equitāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
equitāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
equitāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
equitāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
equitāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
equitāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
equitāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
equitāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
equitāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
equitāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
equitāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
equitāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
equitā (active imperative present second-person singular)
equitāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
equitātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
equitātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
equitātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
equitantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
equitāre (active infinitive present)
equitāns (active participle present)
equitātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
equitātūrus (active future participle)
equitāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
equitātūrum fuisse (active infinitive perfect potential)
equitandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
equitandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
equitandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
equitandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
equitātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
equitātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)


onager

la-noun

onager m (genitive onagrī); second declension

onagrī (genitive)
onager (nominative singular)
onagrī (nominative plural)
onagrī (genitive singular)
onagrōrum (genitive plural)
onagrō (dative singular)
onagrīs (dative plural)
onagrum (accusative singular)
onagrōs (accusative plural)
onagrō (ablative singular)
onagrīs (ablative plural)
onager (singular vocative)
onagrī (plural vocative)

French: onagre

Italian: onagro

Portuguese: onagro

Spanish: onagro

→ English: onager

[ˈɔːnäd͡ʒer]

From Hellenistic Ancient Greek ὄναγρος (ónagros, “wild ass”), from ὄνος (ónos, “ass”) + ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild”).


habena

la-noun

habēna f (genitive habēnae); first declension

habēna (canonical feminine)
habēnae (genitive)
habēna (nominative singular)
habēnae (nominative plural)
habēnae (genitive singular)
habēnārum (genitive plural)
habēnae (dative singular)
habēnīs (dative plural)
habēnam (accusative singular)
habēnās (accusative plural)
habēnā (ablative singular)
habēnīs (ablative plural)
habēna (singular vocative)
habēnae (plural vocative)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *aβuɨn (see there for further descendants)

… Rēgemque dedit quī foedere certō

And [Jupiter] gave [the winds] a king who by chartered agreement would know how to restrain as well as to give loosened reins [to them], [the king] having been commanded [to do so].
(Jupiter commands King Aeolus who metaphorically can harness the winds much as a charioteer drives horses. See Aeolus (son of Hippotes).)

et premere et laxās scīret dare iussus habēnās.

Hīc rēgum sceptrum dominus tenet

524 CE, Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy 4.1m

Here the lord of kings holds his sceptre, and controls the reins of the world


retina

retina f (genitive retinae); first declension

retinae (genitive)
retina (nominative singular)
retinae (nominative plural)
retinae (genitive singular)
retinārum (genitive plural)
retinae (dative singular)
retinīs (dative plural)
retinam (accusative singular)
retinās (accusative plural)
retinā (ablative singular)
retinīs (ablative plural)
retina (singular vocative)
retinae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: redina (plural redine)

⇒ Italian: redine (new singular)

Tuscan: redola (Lucca)

Neapolitan: rétena

Sicilian: rètina

→ Byzantine Greek: ρέτενα (rétena)

North Italian: (sometimes blended with briglia)

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: redna

Ligurian: rédena

Lombard: rèdena, redna

Piedmontese: rëdna, rënna

Ladin: remni (pl.) ⇒ breni

Friulian: rèdine ⇒ brene

Romansch: regna

Venetan: redena ⇒ brena

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: resne, redne (archaic), reyne, raine, raigne, raisne, reine, resine, renne
French: rêne
→ English: rein

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: regna

Occitan: retna

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: redẽa

Galician: rédea

Portuguese: rédea

Old Spanish: rienda

Spanish: rienda
→? Galician: renda
→ Tagalog: renda

Generally explained as a deverbal of retineō (“hold back”). Alternatively, derived from retinācula ("reins" - far more common than the singular retināculum), reinterpreted as a feminine diminutive and back-formed into retina. Attested in the Glossarium Ansileubi, which was written between 650 and 800 CE.

Apprehensaque equi Retina, celeriter eum Beneventum ducebat

10th century, anonymous, Chronicon Salernitanum 68, (example from DuCange)

Having seized the horse's rein(s), he quickly rode it to Benevento.

rein (strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control an animal)


burdo

la-noun

burdō m or f (genitive burdōnis); third declension

burdō (canonical feminine masculine)
burdōnis (genitive)
burdō (nominative singular)
burdōnēs (nominative plural)
burdōnis (genitive singular)
burdōnum (genitive plural)
burdōnī (dative singular)
burdōnibus (dative plural)
burdōnem (accusative singular)
burdōnēs (accusative plural)
burdōne (ablative singular)
burdōnibus (ablative plural)
burdō (singular vocative)
burdōnēs (plural vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: βουρδών (bourdṓn)

→ Classical Syriac: ܒܰܪܕܽܘܢܳܐ (barḏūnā)

→ Arabic: بِرْذَوْن (birḏawn)

desc

→ Persian: برذون (berzown), بردون (berdown)

Not natively Latin since an initial v would be expected; probably of Celtic origin, from Gaulish *burdus (“mule”), according to Whatmough, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥dus, *gʷrd-o- (“slow, heavy, tired”).

mule; hinny (offspring of a jackass and a mare or of a stallion and a jenny)


stapes

la-noun

stapēs m (genitive stapedis); third declension

stapēs (canonical masculine)
stapedis (genitive)
stapēs (nominative singular)
stapedēs (nominative plural)
stapedis (genitive singular)
stapedum (genitive plural)
stapedī (dative singular)
stapedibus (dative plural)
stapedem (accusative singular)
stapedēs (accusative plural)
stapede (ablative singular)
stapedibus (ablative plural)
stapēs (singular vocative)
stapedēs (plural vocative)

→ English: stapes

→ French: stapes

→ Spanish: estápede

From a Germanic source, possibly Frankish *stap or Old High German stapf, staph (“step, stirrup”), both from Proto-Germanic *stapiz (“a step, rung (of a ladder)”). More at step.
Alternatively: Late Latin; possibly from stō (“to stand”) + pēs (“foot”).

der

[…]quīdam duōs stapedēs et trēs cingulās ūnā cum sella annumerant, aliī hīs singulīs pretium lēgitimum assignant, id est, stapedibus aurātīs

(Can we date this quote?), Dē Tribus Columnīs Jūris Secundum Powissiensēs, volume 2, 16. Dē Pretiīs Rērum:

[…] some two stirrups and three belts with a chair are paid out, all assigned a single worth, that is, golden stirrups


equus

la-noun

equus m (genitive equī, feminine equa); second declension

equī (genitive)
equa (feminine)
equus (nominative singular)
equī (nominative plural)
equī (genitive singular)
equōrum (genitive plural)
equō (dative singular)
equīs (dative plural)
equum (accusative singular)
equōs (accusative plural)
equō (ablative singular)
equīs (ablative plural)
eque (singular vocative)
equī (plural vocative)

→ Esperanto: ekvo, ekvedo, ekveno

→ Translingual: Equus

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
For Proto-Italic *ekwos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Persian اسب (asb), Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Tocharian B yakwe, Gaulish epos. Respelt with QVV for the earlier QVO/CV in post-Augustan times on the analogy of oblique cases.

Sed nos immensum spatiis confecimus aequor, | et iam tempus equum fumantia solvere colla.

Vergil, Georgicon II, 541-542 (edited and translated by H. Rushton Fairclough, Virgil with an English translation I, 1916)

But in our course we have traversed a mighty plain, and now it is time to unyoke the necks of our smoking steeds.


mappa

mappa f (genitive mappae); first declension

mappae (genitive)
mappa (nominative singular)
mappae (nominative plural)
mappae (genitive singular)
mappārum (genitive plural)
mappae (dative singular)
mappīs (dative plural)
mappam (accusative singular)
mappās (accusative plural)
mappā (ablative singular)
mappīs (ablative plural)
mappa (singular vocative)
mappae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: mapa m

→ Danish: mappe

→ English: map
→ Swedish: mappa

→ Esperanto: mapo

Galician: mapa m

desctree

→ German: Mappe
→ Czech: mapa
→ Dutch: map
→ Romanian: mapă

Italian: mappa

Mirandese: mapa

→ Old French: mapamonde

desc

> French: mappemonde, mapper (inherited)

Middle English: mapemounde

English: map

> Old French: nappe (inherited)

→ English: nape, napkin

⇒ Portuguese: guardanapo

desctree

→ Polish: mapa
→ Belarusian: ма́па (mápa)
→ Ukrainian: ма́па (mápa)
→ Yiddish: מאַפּע (mape)

Portuguese: mapa m

Sicilian: mappa, mappina

Spanish: mapa m

Venetan: mapa

Said by the Roman author Quintilian to be of Punic origin, perhaps from Phoenician 𐤌𐤀𐤐 (mʾp /mappē/), from Proto-Semitic *manpay, *manpiy- (“fine cloth, sieve”). Compare Israeli Hebrew מַפָּה (mappā́, “a map; a cloth”).


caballus

la-noun

caballus m (genitive caballī); second declension

caballī (genitive)
caballus (nominative singular)
caballī (nominative plural)
caballī (genitive singular)
caballōrum (genitive plural)
caballō (dative singular)
caballīs (dative plural)
caballum (accusative singular)
caballōs (accusative plural)
caballō (ablative singular)
caballīs (ablative plural)
caballe (singular vocative)
caballī (plural vocative)

Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
de:Brian D. Joseph

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cal

Istro-Romanian: co

Megleno-Romanian: cal

Romanian: cal

Dalmatian:

cavul

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: cavaddu, cavallu

Gallurese: cabaddu, caddu

desctree

Italian: cavallo
→ Alemannic German: Kawall
→ Greek: καβάλος (kaválos)

Sicilian: cavaḍḍu

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: cabaddu, cavaddu, covaddu, caaddu, caddu, caddu, cuaddu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: cavàl

Ligurian: cavallo

Old Lombard: cavel

Lombard: càal

Old Piedmontese: cavèu

Piedmontese: caval

Romagnol: cavàl, caval

Friulian: cjaval, čhaval (alternative orthography)

Istriot: caval

Ladin: ciaval

Romansch: chaval, cavagl, tgavagl, tgaval, chavagl

Venetan: cavało ⇒ cavałeto

→ Greek: καβάλα (kavála), καβαλέτο (kavaléto)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: chevâl

Old French: cheval (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cavall

Gascon: cavalh, cavath

Occitan: caval

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: cavallo, cavall

Extremaduran: cavallu

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: caballu

Leonese: caballu, cabalu

Mirandese: cabalho

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cavalo
Fala: cabalu
Galician: cabalo
Portuguese: cavalo (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: cavallo

Ladino: kavayo

Spanish: caballo (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Albanian: *kəβal

Albanian: kalë

[käˈbälːʲʊs̠]

Uncertain; often cited as borrowed from Gaulish *kaballos, from Proto-Celtic *kaballos, perhaps ultimately an Asiatic borrowing or Wanderwort, compare Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “nag”), Proto-Slavic *kobýla (“mare”), Persian کول (kaval, “second class horse of mixed blood”), and possibly Karakhanid kevel (at) (“well-bred fast (horse)”).
Alternatively, borrowed alongside Greek from Proto-Iranian *kabah, *kabalah, compare Khotanese [script needed] (kabä, “horse”), Persian کول (kaval), and possibly cognate with Latin cabō (“gelding”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kebʰ- (“worn-out horse, nag”).

der

(Old Latin, Classical Latin, Late Latin) nag


carcer

la-noun

carcer m (genitive carceris); third declension

carceris (genitive)
carcer (nominative singular)
carcerēs (nominative plural)
carceris (genitive singular)
carcerum (genitive plural)
carcerī (dative singular)
carceribus (dative plural)
carcerem (accusative singular)
carcerēs (accusative plural)
carcere (ablative singular)
carceribus (ablative plural)
carcer (singular vocative)
carcerēs (plural vocative)

Old Catalan: càrcer/carçre

Catalan: càrcer

French: chartre

Italian: carcere

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: carcer, carcel
Galician: cárcere
Portuguese: cárcere

Romanian: carceră

Sicilian: càrzaru

Asturian: cárcele, cárcel, alcárcel

Old Spanish: carcel
Spanish: cárcel

→ Proto-Brythonic: *karxar

Middle Breton: carchar

Cornish: carhar

Middle Welsh: carchar

Welsh: carchar

→ German: Karzer (learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *karkārī (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ English: incarcerate (learned)

→ Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara)

→ Old Irish: carcar (see there for further descendants)

Derived from Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”) in the sense of "enclosure", and as such a doublet of cancer. Cognate with circus, curvus, crux, crīnis, crispus, English ring. It is not known how the noun shifted to the third declension.

Ad carceres a calce revocari.

To be called back from the finish line to the starting gates.


frenum

la-noun

frēnum n (genitive frēnī); second declension

frēnum (canonical neuter)
frēnī (genitive)
frēnum (nominative singular)
frēna (nominative plural)
frēnī (nominative plural)
frēnī (genitive singular)
frēnōrum (genitive plural)
frēnō (dative singular)
frēnīs (dative plural)
frēnum (accusative singular)
frēna (accusative plural)
frēnōs (accusative plural)
frēnō (ablative singular)
frēnīs (ablative plural)
frēnum (singular vocative)
frēna (plural vocative)
frēnī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: frãn, fãrnu, frãnu

Romanian: frână, frâu

Italian: freno

desctree

Old French: frein
Middle French: frein m
French: frein m
→ Khmer: ហ្វ្រ័ង (frang)
→ Ottoman Turkish: فرن (fren), فرهن (fren)
Turkish: fren
→ Vietnamese: phanh

Old Occitan:

Catalan: fre

Occitan: fren

Old Galician-Portuguese: frẽo

Galician: freo

Portuguese: freio

Old Spanish:

Spanish: freno
→ Bikol Central: preno
→ Cebuano: preno
→ Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec: frenu
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: piriiñ
→ Tagalog: preno

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: fren

Romansch: frain, frein, fragn

Sardinian: frenu

Sicilian: frenu

Venetan: fren

→ Albanian: fre

→ Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨn

Old Welsh: fruin

Middle Welsh: ffrwyn

Welsh: ffrwyn

→ English: frenum

→ Old Irish: srían
Middle Irish: srían
Irish: srian
Scottish Gaelic: srian
Manx: streean

From Proto-Italic *frēnom, from earlier *θrēnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include ferē, fermē and firmus.

(anatomy) ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans


asinus

la-noun

asinus m (genitive asinī); second declension

asinī (genitive)
asinus (nominative singular)
asinī (nominative plural)
asinī (genitive singular)
asinōrum (genitive plural)
asinō (dative singular)
asinīs (dative plural)
asinum (accusative singular)
asinōs (accusative plural)
asinō (ablative singular)
asinīs (ablative plural)
asine (singular vocative)
asinī (plural vocative)

Central Semitic:

Arabic: حِمَار (ḥimār)

Eastern Romance:

Romanian: asin, asân

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: àinu

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: asinu

Italian: asino

Sicilian: àsinu

Western Romance:

Gallo-Italian:

Emilian: esen, az, ase, aso

Lombard: asen, asne

Ligurian: âze

Piedmontese: aso, asi

Venetan: axèno

Gallo-Romance:

Old Franco-Provençal: asno

Franco-Provençal: âno

desctree

Old French: asne
Middle French: asne
French: âne
Norman: âne
Walloon: ågne
→ Old Norse: asni (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: asno

Galician: asno

Portuguese: asno

Old Spanish: asno

Spanish: asno
→ Cebuano: asno
→ Classical Nahuatl: axnoh
→ Tagalog: asno

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: ase

Old Occitan: asne

Occitan: ase

Gascon: aso, aine

Limousin: asne

Provençal: ai

Rhaeto-Romance:

Romansch: asen, asan, esan

→ Berber:

Tarifit: asnus

→ Proto-Celtic:

Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: azen

Old Cornish: asen

Welsh: asyn, asen

Old Irish: asan

Middle Irish: asan, assan

→ Old English: assen, assa

Middle English: as, ass, asse

English: ass

→ Samoan: asini

→ Esperanto: azeno

Turkic:

Turkish: eşek

Usually compared to Ancient Greek ὄνος (ónos) (which cannot be its direct ancestor), and, just like other IE words for "ass", must be traced back to an unknown substrate source in Asia Minor (compare Hieroglyphic Luwian [script needed] (tarkasna), Sumerian 𒀲 (anšu)). The lack of rhotacism of the single intervocalic -s- after a short vowel would point to a recent borrowing.

Neque egō hominēs magis asinōs umquam vīdī[…]quōs quom feriās, tibi plūs noceās.

c. 191 BCE, Plautus, Pseudolus, act 1, scene 2:

I've never seen human beings who were more like asses […] When you hit them, you hurt yourself more.

Quid tū autem huic, asine, auscultās?

160 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Adelphoe

And why are you listening to him, you dolt?

Quid nunc tē, asine, litterās doceam? Nōn opus est verbīs, sed fustibus.

c. 70 BCE, Cicero, In Pisonem, chapter 73:

Must I now teach an ass like you to read? What you need isn't words but a cudgeling.

(figuratively, humorous, derogatory) ass, cretin, idiot, dolt, blockhead, donkey (a slow-witted, inept person)


sella

la-noun

sella f (genitive sellae); first declension

sellae (genitive)
sella (nominative singular)
sellae (nominative plural)
sellae (genitive singular)
sellārum (genitive plural)
sellae (dative singular)
sellīs (dative plural)
sellam (accusative singular)
sellās (accusative plural)
sellā (ablative singular)
sellīs (ablative plural)
sella (singular vocative)
sellae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: shalë

Aromanian: shauã

Asturian: siella, siya

Catalan: sella

Dalmatian: siala

English: sella

French: selle

Friulian: siele

Galician: sela

→ Hebrew: אסלה (asla)

Italian: sella

Occitan: sèla

Portuguese: sela

Romanian: șa, șale

Romansch: sella, siala, seala, sela

Sardinian: sedha, sedda

Sicilian: seḍḍa

desctree

Spanish: silla
→ Cebuano: síya
→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: siya
→ Galician: silla
→ Hiligaynon: siya
→ Ladino: siya
→ Portuguese: silha
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: xiir
→ Tagalog: silya, siya
→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: siya

Venetan: sela, seła

From Proto-Italic *sedlā, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-, whence sedeō (“I sit”). The same formation as Proto-Germanic *sadulaz, Proto-Slavic *sedъlo.

seat, chair (one that is moveable unlike a sedīle)

(historical) A kind of open or enclosed sedan chair


equuleus

la-noun

equuleus m (genitive equuleī); second declension

equuleī (genitive)
equuleus (nominative singular)
equuleī (nominative plural)
equuleī (genitive singular)
equuleōrum (genitive plural)
equuleō (dative singular)
equuleīs (dative plural)
equuleum (accusative singular)
equuleōs (accusative plural)
equuleō (ablative singular)
equuleīs (ablative plural)
equulee (singular vocative)
equuleī (plural vocative)

Portuguese: ecúleo

Italian: eculeo

[ɛˈkʊɫ̪eʊs̠]

From equus (“horse”) + -uleus (diminutive suffix).


mula

la-noun

mūla f (genitive mūlae); first declension

mūla (canonical feminine)
mūlae (genitive)
mūla (nominative singular)
mūlae (nominative plural)
mūlae (genitive singular)
mūlārum (genitive plural)
mūlae (dative singular)
mūlīs (dative plural)
mūlābus (dative plural)
mūlam (accusative singular)
mūlās (accusative plural)
mūlā (ablative singular)
mūlīs (ablative plural)
mūlābus (ablative plural)
mūla (singular vocative)
mūlae (plural vocative)

Aragonese: mula

Franco-Provençal: mula

French: mule

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: mua, mũa, muha
Fala: múa

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: mula
Fala: mula
Portuguese: mula

→ Old Spanish: mula
Spanish: mula
→ Ayutla Mixtec: mula
→ Taos: mùloʼóna
→ Zacatepec Chatino: mùlyā
 (see there for further descendants)

Feminine of mūlus; mūlus + -a (feminine suffix).


phalerae

la-noun

phalerae f pl (genitive phalerārum); first declension

phalerārum (genitive)
phalerae (nominative plural)
phalerārum (genitive plural)
phalerīs (dative plural)
phalerās (accusative plural)
phalerīs (ablative plural)
phalerae (plural vocative)

→ English: phalera

[ˈpʰäɫ̪ɛräe̯]

From Ancient Greek φάλαρα (phálara), plural of φάλαρον (phálaron).

a trapping for the forehead and breast of horses


marsupium

marsūpium n (genitive marsūpiī or marsūpī); second declension

marsūpium (canonical neuter)
marsūpiī (genitive)
marsūpī (genitive)
marsūpium (nominative singular)
marsūpia (nominative plural)
marsūpiī (genitive singular)
marsūpī (genitive singular)
marsūpiōrum (genitive plural)
marsūpiō (dative singular)
marsūpiīs (dative plural)
marsūpium (accusative singular)
marsūpia (accusative plural)
marsūpiō (ablative singular)
marsūpiīs (ablative plural)
marsūpium (singular vocative)
marsūpia (plural vocative)

→ English: marsupium (learned)

→ Italian: marsupio (learned)

→ Portuguese: marsúpio (learned)

→ Spanish: marsupio (learned)

From Ancient Greek μαρσίππιον (marsíppion), diminutive of μάρσιππος (mársippos, “pouch”).

sortem mitte nōbīscum, marsūpium ūnum sit omnium nostrum

Cast in thy lot with us, let us all have one purse. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.; 1752 CE)


cursus

cursus m (genitive cursūs); fourth declension

cursūs (genitive)
cursus (nominative singular)
cursūs (nominative plural)
cursūs (genitive singular)
cursuum (genitive plural)
cursuī (dative singular)
cursibus (dative plural)
cursum (accusative singular)
cursūs (accusative plural)
cursū (ablative singular)
cursibus (ablative plural)
cursus (singular vocative)
cursūs (plural vocative)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: cursu

Balkano-Romance:

Romanian: curs

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: corsu, cursu

Italian: corso
→ German: Korso

Sicilian: cursu

Venetan: córso

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: cors

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: cors, cós

Occitan: cors

Old French: cours, cors, curs (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: cursu

Portuguese: corso, cosso

Spanish: coso

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: curs

→ Crimean Tatar: kurs

→ English: cursus

→ French: cursus

→ Galician: curso

desctree

→ German: Kurs
→ Serbo-Croatian: kȕrs /ку̏рс

→ Hungarian: kurzus

→ Polish: kurs

→ Portuguese: curso

→ Russian: курс (kurs)
→ Armenian: կուրս (kurs)

→ Spanish: curso

→ Swedish: kurs
→ Finnish: kurssi

Hic cursus fuit

This was [our] voyage
(The first of many incomplete lines in the Aeneid.)

Course, way, passage, journey, voyage, march

(figuratively) Course, progress, direction, development, succession, passage, tendency; career


balteus

la-noun

balteus m (genitive balteī); second declension

balteī (genitive)
balteus (nominative singular)
balteī (nominative plural)
balteī (genitive singular)
balteōrum (genitive plural)
balteō (dative singular)
balteīs (dative plural)
balteum (accusative singular)
balteōs (accusative plural)
balteō (ablative singular)
balteīs (ablative plural)
baltee (singular vocative)
balteī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: baltsu

Italian: balzo

Old Occitan:

Catalan: balç

Occitan: baus

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Portuguese: balção, balso

Romanian: balț

→ Proto-Germanic: *baltijaz (see there for further descendants)

English: belt

→ Italian: balteo

→ Portuguese: bálteo

→ Spanish: bálteo

[ˈbäɫ̪t̪eʊs̠]

Charisius says Varro considered it of Etruscan origin (compare Etruscan 𐌁𐌀𐌋𐌕𐌄𐌀 (baltea, “belt”)). Ernout and Meillet accept its Etruscan origin and interpret -eus as a characteristic ending of Etruscan loanwords, whereas Bonfante Warren is skeptical of this etymology, noting that the voiced consonant /b/ is foreign to Etruscan.

(architecture) Synonym of praecinctio (curved walkway that separates the galleries of a Roman theatre)


cabo

cabō m (genitive cabōnis); third declension

cabō (canonical masculine)
cabōnis (genitive)
cabō (nominative singular)
cabōnēs (nominative plural)
cabōnis (genitive singular)
cabōnum (genitive plural)
cabōnī (dative singular)
cabōnibus (dative plural)
cabōnem (accusative singular)
cabōnēs (accusative plural)
cabōne (ablative singular)
cabōnibus (ablative plural)
cabō (singular vocative)
cabōnēs (plural vocative)

Found in Late Latin; from a source akin to Khotanese [script needed] (kabä, “horse”), Persian کول (kaval, “slow, clumsy horse”) (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kaba, *kabala (“horse”)) and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla, “mare”), which could ultimately be of Proto-Indo-European origin.


equa

la-noun

equa f (genitive equae, masculine equus); first declension

equae (genitive)
equus (masculine)
equa (nominative singular)
equae (nominative plural)
equae (genitive singular)
equārum (genitive plural)
equae (dative singular)
equīs (dative plural)
equābus (dative plural)
equam (accusative singular)
equās (accusative plural)
equā (ablative singular)
equīs (ablative plural)
equābus (ablative plural)
equa (singular vocative)
equae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: eapã, iapã

Istro-Romanian: iopĕ

Megleno-Romanian: iapă

Romanian: iapă

Rhaeto-Romance:

Romansch: iefna

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: égva

Old French: ewe, ive, iewe

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: egua, euga

Occitan: èga

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: yegua, egua

Old Galician-Portuguese: egua, egoa

Galician: egua

Portuguese: égua

Old Spanish: yegua

Spanish: yegua

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: ebba (Logudorese), ègua (Campidanese)

From equus (“horse”) + -a (feminine suffix).


asininus

la-adj

asinīnus (feminine asinīna, neuter asinīnum); first/second-declension adjective

asinīnus (canonical)
asinīna (feminine)
asinīnum (neuter)
asinīnus (masculine nominative singular)
asinīna (feminine nominative singular)
asinīnum (neuter nominative singular)
asinīnī (masculine nominative singular)
asinīnae (feminine nominative plural)
asinīna (neuter nominative plural)
asinīnī (genitive masculine singular)
asinīnae (feminine genitive singular)
asinīnī (genitive neuter singular)
asinīnōrum (genitive masculine singular)
asinīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
asinīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
asinīnō (dative masculine singular)
asinīnae (dative feminine singular)
asinīnō (dative neuter singular)
asinīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
asinīnum (accusative masculine singular)
asinīnam (accusative feminine singular)
asinīnum (accusative neuter singular)
asinīnōs (accusative masculine singular)
asinīnās (accusative feminine plural)
asinīna (accusative neuter plural)
asinīnō (ablative masculine singular)
asinīnā (ablative feminine singular)
asinīnō (ablative neuter singular)
asinīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
asinīne (masculine singular vocative)
asinīna (feminine singular vocative)
asinīnum (neuter singular vocative)
asinīnī (masculine singular vocative)
asinīnae (feminine plural vocative)
asinīna (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: asiní

English: asinine

French: asinin

Galician: asinino

Italian: asinino

Portuguese: asinino

Spanish: asinino

[äs̠ɪˈniːnʊs̠]


asininus

la-noun

asinīnus m (genitive asinīnī); second declension

asinīnus (canonical masculine)
asinīnī (genitive)
asinīnus (nominative singular)
asinīnī (nominative plural)
asinīnī (genitive singular)
asinīnōrum (genitive plural)
asinīnō (dative singular)
asinīnīs (dative plural)
asinīnum (accusative singular)
asinīnōs (accusative plural)
asinīnō (ablative singular)
asinīnīs (ablative plural)
asinīne (singular vocative)
asinīnī (plural vocative)

[äs̠ɪˈniːnʊs̠]


veredus

verēdus m (genitive verēdī); second declension

verēdus (canonical masculine)
verēdī (genitive)
verēdus (nominative singular)
verēdī (nominative plural)
verēdī (genitive singular)
verēdōrum (genitive plural)
verēdō (dative singular)
verēdīs (dative plural)
verēdum (accusative singular)
verēdōs (accusative plural)
verēdō (ablative singular)
verēdīs (ablative plural)
verēde (singular vocative)
verēdī (plural vocative)

>? Galician: verea (or directly from Celtic)

>? Portuguese: vereda (or directly from Celtic)

>? Spanish: vereda (or directly from Celtic)

desctree

→ Byzantine Greek: βέρεδος (béredos), βέρηδος (bérēdos), βέραιδος (béraidos), βέρηδον (bérēdon), βέρεδον (béredon), βέραιδον (béraidon), βέριδον (béridon), βήριδον (bḗridon)
→ Arabic: بَرِيد (barīd)

[u̯ɛˈreːd̪ʊs̠]

From Gaulish *werēdos, from Proto-Celtic *uɸoreidos (“horse”) (compare Welsh gorwydd (“horse”)).

A fast or light breed of horse; courier's horse; hunter.


paraveredus

la-noun

paraverēdus m (genitive paraverēdī); second declension

paraverēdus (canonical masculine)
paraverēdī (genitive)
paraverēdus (nominative singular)
paraverēdī (nominative plural)
paraverēdī (genitive singular)
paraverēdōrum (genitive plural)
paraverēdō (dative singular)
paraverēdīs (dative plural)
paraverēdum (accusative singular)
paraverēdōs (accusative plural)
paraverēdō (ablative singular)
paraverēdīs (ablative plural)
paraverēde (singular vocative)
paraverēdī (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: palefreid, palefrei, palefroi, palefroid
→ Middle Dutch: palefroot
Dutch: palefroot
→ Middle English: palfrey
English: palfrey
Middle French: palefroy
French: palefroi

Old Occitan: palafré

Catalan: palafrè, palafré (Valencia)

→ Galician: palafrén

→ Italian: palafreno

→ Portuguese: palafrém

→ Spanish: palafrén

desc

→ Ancient Greek: παραβέρεδος (parabéredos)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *parafred (see there for further descendants)

[päräu̯ɛˈreːd̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek παρά (pará) + verēdus, perhaps an analogical formation to parhippus from Ancient Greek πάριππος (párippos). Cf. epiraedium (“cart, barrow”), similarly formed of a Greek prefix and a Gaulish root, which may indicate a Gallo-Greek provenance in both cases.

(Late Latin) a horse for travel off public roads or to out of the way places

(specifically) a gift of palfrey (such a horse offered as a tribute by provincials to visiting public officials)


agaso

la-noun

agāsō m (genitive agāsōnis); third declension

agāsō (canonical masculine)
agāsōnis (genitive)
agāsō (nominative singular)
agāsōnēs (nominative plural)
agāsōnis (genitive singular)
agāsōnum (genitive plural)
agāsōnī (dative singular)
agāsōnibus (dative plural)
agāsōnem (accusative singular)
agāsōnēs (accusative plural)
agāsōne (ablative singular)
agāsōnibus (ablative plural)
agāsō (singular vocative)
agāsōnēs (plural vocative)

Italian: agasone

desc

Sardinian: agasone, asone, basone, basoni, gasone

A driver, especially one who drives and takes care of horses; groom, hostler, stable boy.


equester

la-noun

equester m (genitive equestris); third declension

equestris (genitive)
equester (nominative singular)
equestrēs (nominative plural)
equestris (genitive singular)
equestrum (genitive plural)
equestrī (dative singular)
equestribus (dative plural)
equestrem (accusative singular)
equestrēs (accusative plural)
equestre (ablative singular)
equestribus (ablative plural)
equester (singular vocative)
equestrēs (plural vocative)

[ɛˈkʷɛs̠t̪ɛr]

From eques ("horseman, rider" stem-form equit-) + -ter, alternative form of -tris.


pectorale

la-noun

pectorāle n (genitive pectorālis); third declension

pectorāle (canonical neuter)
pectorālis (genitive)
pectorāle (nominative singular)
pectorālia (nominative plural)
pectorālis (genitive singular)
pectorālium (genitive plural)
pectorālī (dative singular)
pectorālibus (dative plural)
pectorāle (accusative singular)
pectorālia (accusative plural)
pectorālī (ablative singular)
pectorālibus (ablative plural)
pectorāle (singular vocative)
pectorālia (plural vocative)

→ English: pectoral

French: peitral

Spanish: peitral

Polish: pektorał

[pɛkt̪ɔˈräːɫ̪ɛ]

From pectorālis (“of or pertaining to the breast”).

breastgirth, breastband, breaststrap, supporting the mammaries of a human female


bulga

bulga f (genitive bulgae); first declension

bulgae (genitive)
bulga (nominative singular)
bulgae (nominative plural)
bulgae (genitive singular)
bulgārum (genitive plural)
bulgae (dative singular)
bulgīs (dative plural)
bulgam (accusative singular)
bulgās (accusative plural)
bulgā (ablative singular)
bulgīs (ablative plural)
bulga (singular vocative)
bulgae (plural vocative)

→ Old French: bouge, boulge, bolge (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Gaulish bolgā, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.


capistrum

capistrum n (genitive capistrī); second declension

capistrī (genitive)
capistrum (nominative singular)
capistra (nominative plural)
capistrī (genitive singular)
capistrōrum (genitive plural)
capistrō (dative singular)
capistrīs (dative plural)
capistrum (accusative singular)
capistra (accusative plural)
capistrō (ablative singular)
capistrīs (ablative plural)
capistrum (singular vocative)
capistra (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cãpestru

Romanian: căpăstru

Italo-Romance:

Italian: capestro

Sicilian: capistru, crapistu

North Italian:

Friulian: cjaviestri

⇒ Piedmontese: cavastra

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: chevestre

French: chevêtre

Catalan: cabestre

Occitan: cabestre

Nord-Occitan: chabestre; chabeitre (Vivaro-Alpine)

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: cabestro, cabresto

Portuguese: cabresto

Spanish: cabestro

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: kapistër

→ Old English: cæfester

→ Greek: καπίστρι (kapístri)

→ Portuguese: capistro

→ Welsh: cebystr

[käˈpɪs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]


stramentum

strāmentum n (genitive strāmentī); second declension

strāmentum (canonical neuter)
strāmentī (genitive)
strāmentum (nominative singular)
strāmenta (nominative plural)
strāmentī (genitive singular)
strāmentōrum (genitive plural)
strāmentō (dative singular)
strāmentīs (dative plural)
strāmentum (accusative singular)
strāmenta (accusative plural)
strāmentō (ablative singular)
strāmentīs (ablative plural)
strāmentum (singular vocative)
strāmenta (plural vocative)

[s̠t̪räːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]


lorum

lōrum n (genitive lōrī); second declension

lōrum (canonical neuter)
lōrī (genitive)
lōrum (nominative singular)
lōra (nominative plural)
lōrī (genitive singular)
lōrōrum (genitive plural)
lōrō (dative singular)
lōrīs (dative plural)
lōrum (accusative singular)
lōra (accusative plural)
lōrō (ablative singular)
lōrīs (ablative plural)
lōrum (singular vocative)
lōra (plural vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: λῶρος (lôros)

Galician: loro

Portuguese: loro

Possibly from an extinct, but Indo-European substrate language; or, possibly for *vlōrum, from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn, wind, round”), the same root as of volvō. Compare with Ancient Greek εὔληρα (eúlēra, “reins”), Old Armenian լար (lar).


sagma

la-noun

sagma f (genitive sagmae); first declension

sagmae (genitive)
sagma (nominative singular)
sagmae (nominative plural)
sagmae (genitive singular)
sagmārum (genitive plural)
sagmae (dative singular)
sagmīs (dative plural)
sagmam (accusative singular)
sagmās (accusative plural)
sagmā (ablative singular)
sagmīs (ablative plural)
sagma (singular vocative)
sagmae (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *salma

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: salma

Sicilian: sarma

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: salma

⇒ Late Latin: sauma:

Franco-Provençal: sôma, sauma

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: sòma

Piedmontese: sòma

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: soma

Oïl

Old French: some

French: somme

Occitano-Romance

Occitan: sauma

→ Basque: zama

→ Proto-West Germanic: *saum (see there for further descendants)

From Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma), from σάττω (sáttō, “to stuff, press, pack”).


asella

asella f (genitive asellae); first declension

asellae (genitive)
asella (nominative singular)
asellae (nominative plural)
asellae (genitive singular)
asellārum (genitive plural)
asellae (dative singular)
asellīs (dative plural)
asellam (accusative singular)
asellās (accusative plural)
asellā (ablative singular)
asellīs (ablative plural)
asella (singular vocative)
asellae (plural vocative)


retinaculum

retināculum n (genitive retināculī); second declension

retināculum (canonical neuter)
retināculī (genitive)
retināculum (nominative singular)
retinācula (nominative plural)
retināculī (genitive singular)
retināculōrum (genitive plural)
retināculō (dative singular)
retināculīs (dative plural)
retināculum (accusative singular)
retinācula (accusative plural)
retināculō (ablative singular)
retināculīs (ablative plural)
retināculum (singular vocative)
retinācula (plural vocative)

Old Sardinian: [Term?]

Campidanese: ordinagus, odriàngulus

desc

Logudorese: redinagios, ordinagos, terinagos

Nuorese: retinacros, rodinacos

Sassarese: ridinaggi

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: retinacle

→ English: retinaculum

→ French: rétinacle

→ Spanish: retináculo

[rɛt̪ɪˈnäːkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

holdfast, tether, halter, hawser, band (also on chariots or ships)


burricus

la-noun

burricus m (genitive burricī); second declension

burricī (genitive)
burricus (nominative singular)
burricī (nominative plural)
burricī (genitive singular)
burricōrum (genitive plural)
burricō (dative singular)
burricīs (dative plural)
burricum (accusative singular)
burricōs (accusative plural)
burricō (ablative singular)
burricīs (ablative plural)
burrice (singular vocative)
burricī (plural vocative)

Galician: burrico, ⇒ burro

Portuguese: burrico, ⇒ burro

Spanish: borrico, ⇒ burro

→ French: bourrique

→ English: burro

→ Sardinian: burricu

→ Tagalog: buriko

From burrus (“red, reddish-brown”). Possibly a contamination of an original form būricus (“small horse”) with a long vowel and a single -r-.


hinnus

hinnus m (genitive hinnī); second declension

hinnī (genitive)
hinnus (nominative singular)
hinnī (nominative plural)
hinnī (genitive singular)
hinnōrum (genitive plural)
hinnō (dative singular)
hinnīs (dative plural)
hinnum (accusative singular)
hinnōs (accusative plural)
hinnō (ablative singular)
hinnīs (ablative plural)
hinne (singular vocative)
hinnī (plural vocative)

Probably from hinniō, which is likely of imitative origin, + -us.
Compare Ancient Greek γίννος (gínnos).

onomatopoeic

imitative

hinny (offspring of a male horse and a female donkey)


ephippium

la-noun

ephippium n (genitive ephippiī or ephippī); second declension

ephippiī (genitive)
ephippī (genitive)
ephippium (nominative singular)
ephippia (nominative plural)
ephippiī (genitive singular)
ephippī (genitive singular)
ephippiōrum (genitive plural)
ephippiō (dative singular)
ephippiīs (dative plural)
ephippium (accusative singular)
ephippia (accusative plural)
ephippiō (ablative singular)
ephippiīs (ablative plural)
ephippium (singular vocative)
ephippia (plural vocative)

[ɛˈpʰɪpːiʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐφίππιον (ephíppion).

A saddlecloth, horsecloth, or caparison; housing.


mannus

mannus m (genitive mannī); second declension

mannī (genitive)
mannus (nominative singular)
mannī (nominative plural)
mannī (genitive singular)
mannōrum (genitive plural)
mannō (dative singular)
mannīs (dative plural)
mannum (accusative singular)
mannōs (accusative plural)
mannō (ablative singular)
mannīs (ablative plural)
manne (singular vocative)
mannī (plural vocative)

Compare Romanian mânz (“foal, colt”) and Albanian mëz (“foal, colt”).


avertarius

āvertārius m (genitive āvertāriī or āvertārī); second declension

āvertārius (canonical masculine)
āvertāriī (genitive)
āvertārī (genitive)
āvertārius (nominative singular)
āvertāriī (nominative plural)
āvertāriī (genitive singular)
āvertārī (genitive singular)
āvertāriōrum (genitive plural)
āvertāriō (dative singular)
āvertāriīs (dative plural)
āvertārium (accusative singular)
āvertāriōs (accusative plural)
āvertāriō (ablative singular)
āvertāriīs (ablative plural)
āvertārie (singular vocative)
āvertāriī (plural vocative)


equulus

equulus m (genitive equulī); second declension

equulī (genitive)
equulus (nominative singular)
equulī (nominative plural)
equulī (genitive singular)
equulōrum (genitive plural)
equulō (dative singular)
equulīs (dative plural)
equulum (accusative singular)
equulōs (accusative plural)
equulō (ablative singular)
equulīs (ablative plural)
equule (singular vocative)
equulī (plural vocative)


arcionem

arciōnem (canonical masculine)
/arˈt͡ʃoni/ (nominative plural)
/arˈt͡ʃone/ (oblique singular)
/arˈt͡ʃones/ (oblique plural)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: arcione

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: arçó

Old French: arçon, archon (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: arçon

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: arçon

Galician: arzón

Portuguese: arção

Old Spanish: arzon, arçon

Spanish: arzón

From Latin arcus (“bow”) + -iōnem (diminutive ending).


gilvus

la-adj

gilvus (feminine gilva, neuter gilvum); first/second-declension adjective

gilva (feminine)
gilvum (neuter)
gilvus (masculine nominative singular)
gilva (feminine nominative singular)
gilvum (neuter nominative singular)
gilvī (masculine nominative singular)
gilvae (feminine nominative plural)
gilva (neuter nominative plural)
gilvī (genitive masculine singular)
gilvae (feminine genitive singular)
gilvī (genitive neuter singular)
gilvōrum (genitive masculine singular)
gilvārum (feminine genitive plural)
gilvōrum (genitive neuter plural)
gilvō (dative masculine singular)
gilvae (dative feminine singular)
gilvō (dative neuter singular)
gilvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
gilvum (accusative masculine singular)
gilvam (accusative feminine singular)
gilvum (accusative neuter singular)
gilvōs (accusative masculine singular)
gilvās (accusative feminine plural)
gilva (accusative neuter plural)
gilvō (ablative masculine singular)
gilvā (ablative feminine singular)
gilvō (ablative neuter singular)
gilvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
gilve (masculine singular vocative)
gilva (feminine singular vocative)
gilvum (neuter singular vocative)
gilvī (masculine singular vocative)
gilvae (feminine plural vocative)
gilva (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈɡɪɫ̪u̯ʊs̠]

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵilh₃wós, from *ǵeylh₃- (dialectal variant of *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”)) + *-wós (whence -vus). Compare helvus, fulvus, flāvus.

dun-colored, pale yellow (only used for horses)


oreae

la-noun

ōreae f pl (genitive ōreārum); first declension

ōreae (canonical feminine plural)
ōreārum (genitive)
ōreae (nominative plural)
ōreārum (genitive plural)
ōreīs (dative plural)
ōreās (accusative plural)
ōreīs (ablative plural)
ōreae (plural vocative)

From ōs (“mouth”) + -eus: "that which is inserted into the mouth, mouth-pieces".

(plural only) the bit and reins of a horse, bridle


cillus

cillus m (genitive cillī); second declension

cillī (genitive)
cillus (nominative singular)
cillī (nominative plural)
cillī (genitive singular)
cillōrum (genitive plural)
cillō (dative singular)
cillīs (dative plural)
cillum (accusative singular)
cillōs (accusative plural)
cillō (ablative singular)
cillīs (ablative plural)
cille (singular vocative)
cillī (plural vocative)


lalisio

lālīsiō m (genitive lālīsiōnis); third declension

lālīsiō (canonical masculine)
lālīsiōnis (genitive)
lālīsiō (nominative singular)
lālīsiōnēs (nominative plural)
lālīsiōnis (genitive singular)
lālīsiōnum (genitive plural)
lālīsiōnī (dative singular)
lālīsiōnibus (dative plural)
lālīsiōnem (accusative singular)
lālīsiōnēs (accusative plural)
lālīsiōne (ablative singular)
lālīsiōnibus (ablative plural)
lālīsiō (singular vocative)
lālīsiōnēs (plural vocative)

[ɫ̪äːˈlʲiːs̠ioː]


equiria

equī̆ria n pl (genitive equī̆rium or equī̆riōrum); third declension

equī̆ria (canonical neuter plural)
equī̆rium (genitive)
equī̆riōrum (genitive)
equī̆ria (nominative plural)
equī̆rium (genitive plural)
equī̆riōrum (genitive plural)
equī̆ribus (dative plural)
equī̆riīs (dative plural)
equī̆ria (accusative plural)
equī̆ribus (ablative plural)
equī̆riīs (ablative plural)
equī̆ria (plural vocative)

From equus (“horse”), possibly combined with the root of currō "to run".

(plural only) The two annual horse races held in honour of Mars


equile

equīle n (genitive equīlis); third declension

equīle (canonical neuter)
equīlis (genitive)
equīle (nominative singular)
equīlia (nominative plural)
equīlis (genitive singular)
equīlium (genitive plural)
equīlī (dative singular)
equīlibus (dative plural)
equīle (accusative singular)
equīlia (accusative plural)
equīlī (ablative singular)
equīlibus (ablative plural)
equīle (singular vocative)
equīlia (plural vocative)


antilena

antilēna f (genitive antilēnae); first declension

antilēna (canonical feminine)
antilēnae (genitive)
antilēna (nominative singular)
antilēnae (nominative plural)
antilēnae (genitive singular)
antilēnārum (genitive plural)
antilēnae (dative singular)
antilēnīs (dative plural)
antilēnam (accusative singular)
antilēnās (accusative plural)
antilēnā (ablative singular)
antilēnīs (ablative plural)
antilēna (singular vocative)
antilēnae (plural vocative)

[än̪t̪ɪˈɫ̪eːnä]

[än̪t̪iˈlɛːnä]

breast-girth (contrivance to keep a saddle from sliding back)


postilena

postilēna f (genitive postilēnae); first declension

postilēna (canonical feminine)
postilēnae (genitive)
postilēna (nominative singular)
postilēnae (nominative plural)
postilēnae (genitive singular)
postilēnārum (genitive plural)
postilēnae (dative singular)
postilēnīs (dative plural)
postilēnam (accusative singular)
postilēnās (accusative plural)
postilēnā (ablative singular)
postilēnīs (ablative plural)
postilēna (singular vocative)
postilēnae (plural vocative)

Italian: pósola, posolina

Sicilian: pistulena

Venetan: pósena

[pɔs̠t̪ɪˈɫ̪eːnä]

Ita te aggerunda curvom aqua faciam probe

I’ll make you so thoroughly bent with carrying water that a crupper might be manufactured out of you.

crupper (contrivance to keep a saddle from sliding forward)


hippopera

hippopēra f (genitive hippopērae); first declension

hippopēra (canonical feminine)
hippopērae (genitive)
hippopēra (nominative singular)
hippopērae (nominative plural)
hippopērae (genitive singular)
hippopērārum (genitive plural)
hippopērae (dative singular)
hippopērīs (dative plural)
hippopēram (accusative singular)
hippopērās (accusative plural)
hippopērā (ablative singular)
hippopērīs (ablative plural)
hippopēra (singular vocative)
hippopērae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἱπποπήρα (hippopḗra).

M. Cato Censorius, quem tam rei publicae fuit nasci quam Scipionem (alter enim cum hostibus nostris bellum, alter cum moribus gessit), cantherio vehebatur et hippoperis quidem impositis, ut secum utilia portaret.

c. 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 87.9

Cato the Elder, him being born indeed healsome for the society like Scipio (for the one fought war with our foes, the other without our mores), rode along with a gelding and merely two saddlebags on it to stow his belongings.

1680, Franciszek à Mesgnien Meninski, “خرجین”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum (in Ottoman Turkish, Turkish, Latin, German, Italian, French, and Polish), Vienna, column 1878:

خرجین churḡīn, & خرجینه churḡīne, i. q. خرج churḡ. Hippopera.

خرجین churḡīn, & خرجینه churḡīne, i. q. خرج churḡ. Saddle-bag.


bisaccium

bisaccium n (genitive bisacciī or bisaccī); second declension

bisacciī (genitive)
bisaccī (genitive)
bisaccium (nominative singular)
bisaccia (nominative plural)
bisacciī (genitive singular)
bisaccī (genitive singular)
bisacciōrum (genitive plural)
bisacciō (dative singular)
bisacciīs (dative plural)
bisaccium (accusative singular)
bisaccia (accusative plural)
bisacciō (ablative singular)
bisacciīs (ablative plural)
bisaccium (singular vocative)
bisaccia (plural vocative)

Dalmatian: bisuog

→ Czech: bisaci, bisahy

desctree

→ Polish: bisaga
→ Russian: бися́га (bisjága)
→ Ukrainian: би́са́ги (býsáhy), бе́са́ги (bésáhy)

→ Hungarian: besagi

→ Serbo-Croatian: bisag m, bìsaga f

→ Slovene: bisāga

→ Lower Sorbian: bisagi pl

French: besace, bissac

Italian: bisaccia

Piedmontese: bersac, bersacca

Provençal: bissac, bisac

Romanian: desagă f, desag m

Sicilian: visazza

Spanish: bezaza, bizaza, biaza

→ Old English: bīsæc

English: bysack

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: δισάκιον (disákion), δισάκκιον (disákkion), δισάκκι (disákki)

Greek: δισάκι (disáki), βισάκι (visáki)

→ Bulgarian: бисаги (bisagi), дисаги pl (disagi) (dialectal)

[bɪˈs̠äkːiʊ̃ˑ]

Ceterum in promulsidari asellus erat Corinthius cum bisaccio positus, qui habebat olivas in altera parte albas, in altera nigras.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 31.9

And in the foretray there was a Corinthian asslet with a wallet having olives in one end light and in one end dark.

double saddlebag, twofold horse-holdall, wallet


cursarius

la-noun

cursārius m (genitive cursāriī or cursārī); second declension

cursārius (canonical masculine)
cursāriī (genitive)
cursārī (genitive)
cursārius (nominative singular)
cursāriī (nominative plural)
cursāriī (genitive singular)
cursārī (genitive singular)
cursāriōrum (genitive plural)
cursāriō (dative singular)
cursāriīs (dative plural)
cursārium (accusative singular)
cursāriōs (accusative plural)
cursāriō (ablative singular)
cursāriīs (ablative plural)
cursārie (singular vocative)
cursāriī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: corsari, cossari

→ Icelandic: kussari

→ Old French: corsier, corser, cursier

French: coursier

→ Catalan: corser

→ Middle English: courser (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: corcel

desctree

→ Italian: corsaro
→ Arabic: قُرْصَان (qurṣān)
→ French: corsaire
→ English: corsair
→ German: Korsar
→ Ottoman Turkish: قرصان, قورصان
Turkish: korsan
→ Romanian: corsar
→ Serbo-Croatian: gȕsār (likely)
→ Hungarian: huszár
→ French: hussard, houssard
→ English: hussar
→ Spanish: húsar
→ German: Husar
→ Dutch: huzaar
→ Italian: ussaro
→ Medieval Latin: husārō
→ Polish: husarz
→ Serbo-Croatian: hȕsār

→ Portuguese: corsário

→ Sicilian: cursaru

→ Spanish: corsario


runcinus

la-noun

runcīnus m (genitive runcīnī); second declension

runcīnus (canonical masculine)
runcīnī (genitive)
runcīnus (nominative singular)
runcīnī (nominative plural)
runcīnī (genitive singular)
runcīnōrum (genitive plural)
runcīnō (dative singular)
runcīnīs (dative plural)
runcīnum (accusative singular)
runcīnōs (accusative plural)
runcīnō (ablative singular)
runcīnīs (ablative plural)
runcīne (singular vocative)
runcīnī (plural vocative)

Ultimately likely from Proto-Germanic *hrussą.


hinnuleus

hinnuleus m (genitive hinnuleī); second declension

hinnuleī (genitive)
hinnuleus (nominative singular)
hinnuleī (nominative plural)
hinnuleī (genitive singular)
hinnuleōrum (genitive plural)
hinnuleō (dative singular)
hinnuleīs (dative plural)
hinnuleum (accusative singular)
hinnuleōs (accusative plural)
hinnuleō (ablative singular)
hinnuleīs (ablative plural)
hinnulee (singular vocative)
hinnuleī (plural vocative)

[hɪnˈnʊɫ̪eʊs̠]


mariscalcus

mariscalcus m (genitive mariscalcī); second declension

mariscalcī (genitive)
mariscalcus (nominative singular)
mariscalcī (nominative plural)
mariscalcī (genitive singular)
mariscalcōrum (genitive plural)
mariscalcō (dative singular)
mariscalcīs (dative plural)
mariscalcum (accusative singular)
mariscalcōs (accusative plural)
mariscalcō (ablative singular)
mariscalcīs (ablative plural)
mariscalce (singular vocative)
mariscalcī (plural vocative)

Boston
Brill
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
Leiden
la:marescalcus

desc

Old French: mareschal, marchal, marescal, marescald, marescalc, marschal (see there for further descendants)

Franco-Provençal: marechâl

Brionnais: marétsau

Fribourgeois: martsô

Italian: maniscalco (possibly mediated through early Gallo-Romance)

[märɪs̠ˈkäɫ̪kʊs̠]

Borrowed from Frankish *marhaskalk (“groom”), from *marh (“horse”) + *skalk (“attendant”). Compare siniscalcus.

bor+

groom (attendant who looks after a horse)