cinnamomum

cinnamōmum n (genitive cinnamōmī); second declension

cinnamōmum (canonical neuter)
cinnamōmī (genitive)
cinnamōmum (nominative singular)
cinnamōma (nominative plural)
cinnamōmī (genitive singular)
cinnamōmōrum (genitive plural)
cinnamōmō (dative singular)
cinnamōmīs (dative plural)
cinnamōmum (accusative singular)
cinnamōma (accusative plural)
cinnamōmō (ablative singular)
cinnamōmīs (ablative plural)
cinnamōmum (singular vocative)
cinnamōma (plural vocative)

Old French: cinnamone

desctree

→ Middle English: synamome, synamon, cynamome, cynamon, cynamum, synymone, senymon, cynamum, cinemum, sinamun
English: cinnamon
→ Japanese: シナモン (shinamon)
→ Korean: 시나몬 (sinamon)
→ Maori: hinamona
→ Welsh: synamon
Scots: synomom (obsolete)

→ Esperanto: cinamo

desc

→ Middle High German: zinemīn, zinment, zimet

desctree

German: Zimt, Zimmt, Zimmet (archaic)
→ Lower Sorbian: cymt
→ Macedonian: цимет (cimet)
→ Serbo-Croatian: cìmet, цѝмет
→ Slovene: cīmet
→ Upper Sorbian: cymt

Hunsrik: Zimmet

desc

Yiddish: צימרינג (tsimring), צימערינג (tsimering)

desctree

→ Italian: cinnamomo (learned)
→ Maltese: ċinnamonu

→ Polish: cynamon
→ Carpathian Rusyn: цинамо́н (cynamón)
→ Latvian: cinamons
→ Lithuanian: cinamonas
→ Ukrainian: цинамо́н (cynamón)

→ Translingual: Cinnamomum

[kɪnːäˈmoːmʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek κιννάμωμον (kinnámōmon). Possible to be explained as “Chinese amōmum”, that word however is of unknown origin.

Accipiunt sertas nardo florente coronas
Et numquam fugiente rosa, multumque madenti
Infudere comae quod nondum evanuit aura
Cinnamon externa nec perdidit aera terrae

65 CE, Lucan, Pharsalia X v. 164–168 trans. Henry Thomas Riley p. 391

They received chaplets wreathed with the flowering nard, and the never-fading rose; and upon their dripping locks they poured forth plenteous cinnamon, that had not yet faded in the air nor lost its scent in a foreign land. The fresh amomum, too, of the adjacent harvests was brought.

Advectumque recens vicinae messis amomum.

Simile his et nomine et frutice cardamomum, semine oblongo. metitur eodem modo in Arabia. quattuor eius genera: viridissimum ac pingue, acutis angulis contumax frianti — hoc maxime laudatur —, proximum e rufo candicans, tertium brevius atque nigrius, peius tamen varium et facile tritu odorisque parvi, qui vero costo vicinus esse debet. hoc et apud Medos nascitur. pretium optimi in libras 𐆖 III.
Cinnamomo proxima gentilitas erat, ni prius Arabiae divitias indicare conveniret causasque quae cognomen illi felicis ac beatae dedere. Principalia ergo in illa tus atque murra, haec et cum Trogodytis communis, tura praeter Arabiam nullis ac ne Arabiae quidem universae. […]

79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia XII 50–51 trans. David Edward Eichholz 29–30

Resembling these substances both in name and in the shrub that produces it is cardamomum, the seeds of which are oblong in shape. It is gathered in Arabia, in the same manner as amomum. It has four varieties: one very green and oily, with sharp corners and awkward to crumblethis is the kind most highly spoken of the next sort a whitish red, the third shorter and of a colour nearer black, while an inferior kind is mottled and easily friable, and has little scentin the true kind the scent ought to be near to that of costus. Cardamomum also grows in the country of the Medes. The price of the best sort is 3 denarii a pound.
Next in affinity to cardamomum would have come cinnamomum, were it not convenient first to catalogue the riches of Arabia and the reasons that have given it the names of Happy and Blessed. […]


platanus

la-noun

platanus f (genitive platanī); second declension

platanī (genitive)
platanus (nominative singular)
platanī (nominative plural)
platanī (genitive singular)
platanōrum (genitive plural)
platanō (dative singular)
platanīs (dative plural)
platanum (accusative singular)
platanōs (accusative plural)
platanō (ablative singular)
platanīs (ablative plural)
platane (singular vocative)
platanī (plural vocative)

Albanian: panjë

Aromanian: paltin

Catalan: blada, → plàtan

French: plane, platane

⇒ Galician: pradairo

German: Platane

Italian: platano

→ Portuguese: plátano

Romanian: paltin, platan

→ Spanish: plátano

Translingual: Platanus

[ˈpɫ̪ät̪änʊs̠]

Iuxtā platanum istam residāmus

c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 1.18


fraxinus

frāxinus f (genitive frāxinī); second declension

frāxinus (canonical feminine)
frāxinī (genitive)
frāxinus (nominative singular)
frāxinī (nominative plural)
frāxinī (genitive singular)
frāxinōrum (genitive plural)
frāxinō (dative singular)
frāxinīs (dative plural)
frāxinum (accusative singular)
frāxinōs (accusative plural)
frāxinō (ablative singular)
frāxinīs (ablative plural)
frāxine (singular vocative)
frāxinī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: frapsin

Istro-Romanian: fråsir

desc

Megleno-Romanian: frasim, frapțin, frasin

Romanian: frasin, frapsăn — regional, Banat, фрасин (frasin) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

Italo-Romance:

Italian: frassino

Central dialects: frassu, frasano

Neapolitan: frasso, frassono

Sicilian: fràscinu, fràssinu

→ Maltese: fraxxnu

North Italian:

Friulian: frassin

Ladin: frasen

Ligurian: frasciu

Piedmontese: frasu, fraisu

Romansch: fraissen, fraischen, fressen

Venetan: fràsene, fràsino

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: freixe

Franco-Provençal: frâno, frîno, freno

Occitan: fraisse, frais, frau, hrèishe

desctree

Old French: fraisne, fresne, frasne, freine, fraigne (Burgundy)
Angevin: frêne, fragne
Bourguignon: fraigne, fragne
Lorrain: frâne
Middle French: fresne
French: frêne
Norman: frêne, frêine
Walloon: frinne

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: fraxino, fraxen, freixen

Ribagorçan: freixe

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: freisnu

Extremaduran: fresnu

→? Fala: fresnu

Leonese: freisnu

Mirandese: frezno

Old Galician-Portuguese: freixo, freyxo

Galician: freixo

Portuguese: freixo

desc

Old Spanish: fresno, freisno, frexno, frexeno

Spanish: fresno (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Old Corsican: *frassu

Corsican: frassu

Sardinian: frassu

Ancient borrowings:

→ Albanian: frashër

Learned borrowings:

→? Greek: φράξος (fráxos)

→ Interlingua: fraxino

From Proto-Italic *frāksinos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥Hǵ-s-inos, adjective of *bʰerHǵós (“birch”). Cognate with Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá, “Himalayan birch”) (Betula utilis), English birch, Russian берёза (berjóza).


cerrus

la-noun

cerrus f (genitive cerrī); second declension

cerrī (genitive)
cerrus (nominative singular)
cerrī (nominative plural)
cerrī (genitive singular)
cerrōrum (genitive plural)
cerrō (dative singular)
cerrīs (dative plural)
cerrum (accusative singular)
cerrōs (accusative plural)
cerrō (ablative singular)
cerrīs (ablative plural)
cerre (singular vocative)
cerrī (plural vocative)

Albanian: qarr

Aromanian: tser

Italian: cerro

Romanian: cer

Hungarian: cser

Pliny mentions it as unknown in Italy; Schuchardt explains it as borrowed from the Berber term for the oak at that time.

Quercus cerris
Quercus cerris#Translingual


cici

From Ancient Greek κίκι (kíki), itself from Egyptian kꜣkꜣ.


pomus

pōmus f (genitive pōmī); second declension

pōmus (canonical feminine)
pōmī (genitive)
pōmus (nominative singular)
pōmī (nominative plural)
pōmī (genitive singular)
pōmōrum (genitive plural)
pōmō (dative singular)
pōmīs (dative plural)
pōmum (accusative singular)
pōmōs (accusative plural)
pōmō (ablative singular)
pōmīs (ablative plural)
pōme (singular vocative)
pōmī (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: pemë

Aromanian: pom

→ English: pome

Italian: pomo

Megleno-Romanian: pom

Portuguese: pomo

Romanian: pom

Sicilian: pumu

Spanish: pomo

Catalan: poma

French: pomme

From Proto-Italic *poomos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“taken off”), from *h₂epo (“off”) (whence po-) + *h₁em- (“take”) (whence emō). Compare the same semantic development in Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós).


mezereon

→ Translingual: Daphne mezereum

→ English: mezereon, mezereum

→ French: mézéréon

→ Portuguese: mezereão

→ Spanish: mezereón

1317, Matthaeus Silvaticus, Opus Pandectarum Medicinae, Venice, published 1540, page 45:

a. 1561, أبو زكريا يحيى بن ماسويه [Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā Ibn Māsawayh] (Mesua), Mesuæ Græcorum ac Arabum clarissimi medici Opera quae extant omnia, Venice, published 1561, page 2 of fol. 462:

a. 1568, أبو زكريا يحيى بن ماسويه [Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā Ibn Māsawayh] (Mesua), Mesuæ medici clarissimi Opera, a Joanne Costa medico laudensi nunc recognita, & aucta adnotationibus, quibus à recentiorum calumniis divinus hic scriptor vendicatur., Venice, published 1568, page 140:

a. 1568, أبو زكريا يحيى بن ماسويه [Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā Ibn Māsawayh] (Mesua), Mesuæ medici clarissimi Opera, a Joanne Costa medico laudensi nunc recognita, & aucta adnotationibus, quibus à recentiorum calumniis divinus hic scriptor vendicatur., Venice, published 1568, page 177:

a. 1568, أبو زكريا يحيى بن ماسويه Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā Ibn Māsawayh (Mesua), Mesuæ medici clarissimi Opera, a Joanne Costa medico laudensi nunc recognita, & aucta adnotationibus, quibus à recentiorum calumniis divinus hic scriptor vendicatur., Venice, published 1568, page 198:

Daphne mezereum
Daphne mezereum#Translingual

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) mezereon, spurge-olive (Daphne mezereum)


morus

la-noun

mōrus f (genitive mōrī); second declension

mōrus (canonical feminine)
mōrī (genitive)
mōrus (nominative singular)
mōrī (nominative plural)
mōrī (genitive singular)
mōrōrum (genitive plural)
mōrō (dative singular)
mōrīs (dative plural)
mōrum (accusative singular)
mōrōs (accusative plural)
mōrō (ablative singular)
mōrīs (ablative plural)
mōre (singular vocative)
mōrī (plural vocative)

French: mûre

Italian: moro

North Italian:

Romagnol: mór

Romanian: mur

Spanish: moro

→ English: morula

→ Polish: morwa

→ Ukrainian: мо́рва (mórva)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̑рва

Latin script: mȗrva

→ Proto-West Germanic: *mōrubaʀi (see there for further descendants)

From mōrum (“mulberry fruit”) or Ancient Greek μορέᾱ (moréā, “mulberry tree”). From Proto-Indo-European *mórom (“mulberry, blackberry”).


acinos

la-noun

acinos f (genitive acinī); second declension

acinī (genitive)
acinos (nominative singular)
acinī (nominative plural)
acinī (genitive singular)
acinōrum (genitive plural)
acinō (dative singular)
acinīs (dative plural)
acinon (accusative singular)
acinōs (accusative plural)
acinō (ablative singular)
acinīs (ablative plural)
acine (singular vocative)
acinī (plural vocative)

Spanish: alcino

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄκινος (ákinos).


marum

marum n (genitive marī); second declension

marī (genitive)
marum (nominative singular)
mara (nominative plural)
marī (genitive singular)
marōrum (genitive plural)
marō (dative singular)
marīs (dative plural)
marum (accusative singular)
mara (accusative plural)
marō (ablative singular)
marīs (ablative plural)
marum (singular vocative)
mara (plural vocative)

Spanish: maro

Portuguese: maro

→ Translingual: Marum, Teucrium marum

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μᾶρον (mâron), from Aramaic מַרְוָא / ܡܲܪܘܵܐ (marwā, “Origanum syriacum syn. Origanum maru”), an important ritual herb (☞ explained by Löw), from Middle Persian [script needed] (mlc' /marw/), related to Sanskrit मरुव (maruva, “marjoram”). Also found in Arabic مَرْو (marw, “fragrant herbs; pebbles; quartz”), مَرْدَقُوش (mardaqūš, “marjoram”).

der

Aramaic מַרְוָא

cog

A kind of plant, cat thyme Teucrium marum


gossypium

la-noun

gossypium n (genitive gossypiī or gossypī); second declension

gossypiī (genitive)
gossypī (genitive)
gossypium (nominative singular)
gossypia (nominative plural)
gossypiī (genitive singular)
gossypī (genitive singular)
gossypiōrum (genitive plural)
gossypiō (dative singular)
gossypiīs (dative plural)
gossypium (accusative singular)
gossypia (accusative plural)
gossypiō (ablative singular)
gossypiīs (ablative plural)
gossypium (singular vocative)
gossypia (plural vocative)

English: gossypetin, gossypiboma, gossypol, gossypose

Translingual: Gossypium

From Ancient Greek γοσσύπιον (gossúpion), a borrowing from Arabic كُرْسُف (kursuf), كُرْفُس (kurfus), ultimately from Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa, “cotton”), whence also Hebrew כַּרְפַּס (karpás, “fabric of cotton”), whence Ancient Greek κάρπᾰσος (kárpăsos, “fabric of cotton”), whence carbasus (“fabric of cotton”).


myrtus

la-noun

myrtus f (genitive myrtī); second declension

myrtī (genitive)
myrtus (nominative singular)
myrtī (nominative plural)
myrtī (genitive singular)
myrtōrum (genitive plural)
myrtō (dative singular)
myrtīs (dative plural)
myrtum (accusative singular)
myrtōs (accusative plural)
myrtō (ablative singular)
myrtīs (ablative plural)
myrte (singular vocative)
myrtī (plural vocative)

Catalan: murta, murtra

French: myrte

Galician: mirto

→ German: Myrte

Italian: mirto

Polish: mirt

Portuguese: mirto, mirta

Romanian: mirt

Sicilian: murta, murtiḍḍa

Spanish: murta

From Ancient Greek μύρτος (múrtos, “myrtle”).

Nunc decet aut uiridi nitidum caput impedire myrto / aut flore, terrae quem ferunt solutae

23 B.C.E., Horace, Carmina, Book I:4.9-10

Now its right to garland our gleaming heads, with green myrtle or flowers, / whatever the unfrozen earth now bears


picea

picea f (genitive piceae); first declension

piceae (genitive)
picea (nominative singular)
piceae (nominative plural)
piceae (genitive singular)
piceārum (genitive plural)
piceae (dative singular)
piceīs (dative plural)
piceam (accusative singular)
piceās (accusative plural)
piceā (ablative singular)
piceīs (ablative plural)
picea (singular vocative)
piceae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Picea


xylon

xylon n (genitive xylī); second declension

xylī (genitive)
xylon (nominative singular)
xyla (nominative plural)
xylī (genitive singular)
xylōrum (genitive plural)
xylō (dative singular)
xylīs (dative plural)
xylon (accusative singular)
xyla (accusative plural)
xylō (ablative singular)
xylīs (ablative plural)
xylon (singular vocative)
xyla (plural vocative)


hysopum

hȳsōpum n (genitive hȳsōpī); second declension

hȳsōpum (canonical neuter)
hȳsōpī (genitive)
hȳsōpum (nominative singular)
hȳsōpa (nominative plural)
hȳsōpī (genitive singular)
hȳsōpōrum (genitive plural)
hȳsōpō (dative singular)
hȳsōpīs (dative plural)
hȳsōpum (accusative singular)
hȳsōpa (accusative plural)
hȳsōpō (ablative singular)
hȳsōpīs (ablative plural)
hȳsōpum (singular vocative)
hȳsōpa (plural vocative)

Medieval Latin: hȳsōpus

→ Catalan: hisop

→ Old French: ysope

French: hysope

→ Italian: issopo

→ Occitan: isòp

→ Portuguese: hissopo

→ Spanish: hisopo

→ Old English: ȳsōpe

Middle English: īsōpe

English: hyssop

→ Czech: yzop

→ Old High German: hysop

Old High German: isopo, isipo

Middle High German: isôpe, ysôpe

German: Isope, Ysope, Ysop

Piedmontese: issòp, isòp

→ Polish: hyzop

→ Slovak: yzop

[hyːˈs̠oːpʊ̃ˑ]


tribulus

tribulus m (genitive tribulī); second declension

tribulī (genitive)
tribulus (nominative singular)
tribulī (nominative plural)
tribulī (genitive singular)
tribulōrum (genitive plural)
tribulō (dative singular)
tribulīs (dative plural)
tribulum (accusative singular)
tribulōs (accusative plural)
tribulō (ablative singular)
tribulīs (ablative plural)
tribule (singular vocative)
tribulī (plural vocative)

Catalan: tríbol

Italian: trebbia

Portuguese: tríbulo, trilho

Spanish: tríbulo

From Ancient Greek τρίβολος (tríbolos). Do not confuse with trībulum (“threshing-sledge”).

Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris#Translingual

caltrop (both the plant Tribulus terrestris and the weapon)


terebinthus

terebinthus m (genitive terebinthī); second declension

terebinthī (genitive)
terebinthus (nominative singular)
terebinthī (nominative plural)
terebinthī (genitive singular)
terebinthōrum (genitive plural)
terebinthō (dative singular)
terebinthīs (dative plural)
terebinthum (accusative singular)
terebinthōs (accusative plural)
terebinthō (ablative singular)
terebinthīs (ablative plural)
terebinthe (singular vocative)
terebinthī (plural vocative)

Catalan: terebint

q

⇒ Old French: terbentine, turbentine (fom τερεβίνθινος (terebínthinos), with -ινος (-inos))

French: terbentine, terebentine, terebinthine, térébenthine

→ Middle English: terebentyne, terbentyne, turbentine

English: turpentine

Galician: terebinto

Italian: terebinto

Portuguese: terebinto

Spanish: terebinto

[t̪ɛrɛˈbɪn̪t̪ʰʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek τερέβινθος (terébinthos), variant of τέρμινθος (términthos).


phaselus

la-noun

phasēlus m (genitive phasēlī); second declension

phasēlus (canonical masculine)
phasēlī (genitive)
phasēlus (nominative singular)
phasēlī (nominative plural)
phasēlī (genitive singular)
phasēlōrum (genitive plural)
phasēlō (dative singular)
phasēlīs (dative plural)
phasēlum (accusative singular)
phasēlōs (accusative plural)
phasēlō (ablative singular)
phasēlīs (ablative plural)
phasēle (singular vocative)
phasēlī (plural vocative)

→ Italian: faselo (learned)

[pʰäˈs̠eːɫ̪ʊs̠]

Either from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean”) or from the substrate language which was the original source.

der

a kind of bean with an edible pod, French bean, kidney bean, phasel


aspaltus

la-noun

aspaltus m (genitive aspaltī); second declension

aspaltī (genitive)
aspaltus (nominative singular)
aspaltī (nominative plural)
aspaltī (genitive singular)
aspaltōrum (genitive plural)
aspaltō (dative singular)
aspaltīs (dative plural)
aspaltum (accusative singular)
aspaltōs (accusative plural)
aspaltō (ablative singular)
aspaltīs (ablative plural)
aspalte (singular vocative)
aspaltī (plural vocative)

[äs̠ˈpäɫ̪t̪ʊs̠]


libanus

la-adj

libanus (feminine libana, neuter libanum); first/second-declension adjective

libana (feminine)
libanum (neuter)
libanus (masculine nominative singular)
libana (feminine nominative singular)
libanum (neuter nominative singular)
libanī (masculine nominative singular)
libanae (feminine nominative plural)
libana (neuter nominative plural)
libanī (genitive masculine singular)
libanae (feminine genitive singular)
libanī (genitive neuter singular)
libanōrum (genitive masculine singular)
libanārum (feminine genitive plural)
libanōrum (genitive neuter plural)
libanō (dative masculine singular)
libanae (dative feminine singular)
libanō (dative neuter singular)
libanīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
libanum (accusative masculine singular)
libanam (accusative feminine singular)
libanum (accusative neuter singular)
libanōs (accusative masculine singular)
libanās (accusative feminine plural)
libana (accusative neuter plural)
libanō (ablative masculine singular)
libanā (ablative feminine singular)
libanō (ablative neuter singular)
libanīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
libane (masculine singular vocative)
libana (feminine singular vocative)
libanum (neuter singular vocative)
libanī (masculine singular vocative)
libanae (feminine plural vocative)
libana (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈlʲɪbänʊs̠]

From a Semitic source - see the Semitic root lbn لبن, meaning "white". See also (Hebrew לְבוֹנָה (l'voná, “frankincense”), Arabic لبان (lubān, “frankincense”)).


prinus

la-noun

prīnus f (genitive prīnī); second declension

prīnus (canonical feminine)
prīnī (genitive)
prīnus (nominative singular)
prīnī (nominative plural)
prīnī (genitive singular)
prīnōrum (genitive plural)
prīnō (dative singular)
prīnīs (dative plural)
prīnum (accusative singular)
prīnōs (accusative plural)
prīnō (ablative singular)
prīnīs (ablative plural)
prīne (singular vocative)
prīnī (plural vocative)


satureia

saturēia f (genitive saturēiae); first declension

saturēia (canonical feminine)
saturēiae (genitive)
saturēia (nominative singular)
saturēiae (nominative plural)
saturēiae (genitive singular)
saturēiārum (genitive plural)
saturēiae (dative singular)
saturēiīs (dative plural)
saturēiam (accusative singular)
saturēiās (accusative plural)
saturēiā (ablative singular)
saturēiīs (ablative plural)
saturēia (singular vocative)
saturēiae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: santoreggia

North-Italian:

Piedmontese: srèa, srèja, serèa

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: saborea

Catalan: sajolida, saborija, sadorija

→ Spanish: saldorija (Murcian)

Old French: sarriee, savereie

⇒ French: sarriette

→? Spanish: sarilla

Occitan: sadrèia

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: segorella, segurella

Portuguese: segurelha

Borrowings:

desc

→ Andalusian Arabic: اشترية (aš-šaṭríyya)

→ Aragonese: xadrea

→ Spanish: jedrea, ajedrea

→ Middle English: saverey

English: savory

→ Italian: satureia

→ Translingual: Satureja

→ Proto-West Germanic: *saþurejā, *saturejā (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. See Arabic زَعْتَر (zaʕtar) for more.


marrubium

la-noun

marrubium n (genitive marrubiī or marrubī); second declension

marrubiī (genitive)
marrubī (genitive)
marrubium (nominative singular)
marrubia (nominative plural)
marrubiī (genitive singular)
marrubī (genitive singular)
marrubiōrum (genitive plural)
marrubiō (dative singular)
marrubiīs (dative plural)
marrubium (accusative singular)
marrubia (accusative plural)
marrubiō (ablative singular)
marrubiīs (ablative plural)
marrubium (singular vocative)
marrubia (plural vocative)

Translingual: Marrubium

Catalan: malrubí, marrubí, marreu

Italian: marrubio

Spanish: marrubio

Said to be unknown, but since it is a bitter plant the first part of it is easily identifiable as the Semitic word for “bitter”, Arabic مُرّ (murr) etc., unless it is the same word as treated under مَرْو (marw, “fragrant herbs”) ex Aramaic מַרְוָא / ܡܲܪܘܵܐ (marwā, “Origanum syriacum syn. Origanum maru”), whence Latin marum.

cog

Aramaic מַרְוָא

horehound, a herb used against respiratory maladies


cupressus

la-noun

cupressus f (genitive cupressī); second declension

cupressus f (genitive cupressūs); fourth declension

cupressus m (genitive cupressī); second declension

cupressī (genitive)
cupressūs (genitive)
cupressī (genitive)
cupressus (nominative singular)
cupressī (nominative plural)
cupressī (genitive singular)
cupressōrum (genitive plural)
cupressō (dative singular)
cupressīs (dative plural)
cupressum (accusative singular)
cupressōs (accusative plural)
cupressō (ablative singular)
cupressīs (ablative plural)
cupresse (singular vocative)
cupressī (plural vocative)

→ Aragonese: cupreso (Sarrablés)

Catalan: ciprés, ciprer, xiprer

→ English: cypress

→ French: cyprès

→ Italian: cipresso

→ Norman: cyprès (Jersey)

Piedmontese: sipress

Portuguese: cipreste

→ Spanish: ciprés

[kʊˈprɛs̠ːʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κυπάρισσος (kupárissos).

bor+

Ille mordaci uelut icta ferro / pinus aut inpulsa cupressus Euro / procidit late posuitque collum in / pulvere Teucro

Like a pine-tree slashed by the bite of the axe, / or a cypress struck by an Easterly wind, / he fell, outstretched, to the earth, bowed down his neck / in the Trojan dust.


amaracus

la-noun

amāracus m (genitive amāracī); second declension

amāracus (canonical masculine)
amāracī (genitive)
amāracus (nominative singular)
amāracī (nominative plural)
amāracī (genitive singular)
amāracōrum (genitive plural)
amāracō (dative singular)
amāracīs (dative plural)
amāracum (accusative singular)
amāracōs (accusative plural)
amāracō (ablative singular)
amāracīs (ablative plural)
amārace (singular vocative)
amāracī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: amàrac (learned)

From Ancient Greek ἀμάρακος (amárakos), ἀμάρακον (amárakon). Possible doublet of marathrum, marum, marrubium, and maiōrana.

doublet

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual


balaustium

la-noun

balaustium n (genitive balaustiī or balaustī); second declension

balaustiī (genitive)
balaustī (genitive)
balaustium (nominative singular)
balaustia (nominative plural)
balaustiī (genitive singular)
balaustī (genitive singular)
balaustiōrum (genitive plural)
balaustiō (dative singular)
balaustiīs (dative plural)
balaustium (accusative singular)
balaustia (accusative plural)
balaustiō (ablative singular)
balaustiīs (ablative plural)
balaustium (singular vocative)
balaustia (plural vocative)

Italian: balaustro, balaustre

→ Middle French: balustre

French: balustre

→ Catalan: balustre

→ German: Baluster

→ Serbo-Croatian: (or directly from Italian)

Cyrillic script: ба̀лустар

Latin script: bàlustar

→ Macedonian: балустер (baluster)

→ English: baluster

⇒ Italian: balaustrata

→ French: balustrade

→ Belarusian: балюстра́да (baljustráda)

→ Bulgarian: балюстра́да (baljustráda)

→ Czech: balustráda

→ German: Balustrade

→ English: balustrade

→ Macedonian: балустрада (balustrada)

→ Polish: balustrada

→ Russian: балюстра́да (baljustráda)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: балустра́да

Latin script: balustráda

→ Slovak: balustráda

→ Slovene: balustráda

Via Ancient Greek βαλαύστιον (balaústion) from Semitic, related to Imperial Aramaic 𐡁𐡀𐡋𐡀𐡈 (bʾlʾṭ, “pomegranate shoot”), Classical Syriac ܒܠܳܨܳܐ (blāṣā, “pomegranate shoot”).


balanus

la-noun

balanus f (genitive balanī); second declension

balanī (genitive)
balanus (nominative singular)
balanī (nominative plural)
balanī (genitive singular)
balanōrum (genitive plural)
balanō (dative singular)
balanīs (dative plural)
balanum (accusative singular)
balanōs (accusative plural)
balanō (ablative singular)
balanīs (ablative plural)
balane (singular vocative)
balanī (plural vocative)

Catalan: bàlan

French: balane

Italian: balano

Portuguese: bálano

Spanish: bálano

→ English: balanus

→ French: balanus (learned)

→ Translingual: Balanus

[ˈbäɫ̪änʊs̠]

a fruit or other object similar in form to an acorn:


caryophyllus

la-adj

caryophyllus (feminine caryophylla, neuter caryophyllum); first/second-declension adjective

caryophylla (feminine)
caryophyllum (neuter)
caryophyllus (masculine nominative singular)
caryophylla (feminine nominative singular)
caryophyllum (neuter nominative singular)
caryophyllī (masculine nominative singular)
caryophyllae (feminine nominative plural)
caryophylla (neuter nominative plural)
caryophyllī (genitive masculine singular)
caryophyllae (feminine genitive singular)
caryophyllī (genitive neuter singular)
caryophyllōrum (genitive masculine singular)
caryophyllārum (feminine genitive plural)
caryophyllōrum (genitive neuter plural)
caryophyllō (dative masculine singular)
caryophyllae (dative feminine singular)
caryophyllō (dative neuter singular)
caryophyllīs (dative feminine masculine neuter)
caryophyllum (accusative masculine singular)
caryophyllam (accusative feminine singular)
caryophyllum (accusative neuter singular)
caryophyllōs (accusative masculine singular)
caryophyllās (accusative feminine plural)
caryophylla (accusative neuter plural)
caryophyllō (ablative masculine singular)
caryophyllā (ablative feminine singular)
caryophyllō (ablative neuter singular)
caryophyllīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter)
caryophylle (masculine singular vocative)
caryophylla (feminine singular vocative)
caryophyllum (neuter singular vocative)
caryophyllī (masculine singular vocative)
caryophyllae (feminine plural vocative)
caryophylla (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: girofle

desctree

French: girofle
English: gillyflower
→ Portuguese: girofle

desc

Italian: cariofillene, cariofillaceo, cariofillata, garofano

Translingual: Caryophyllus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Senecio caryophyllus

[käryɔˈpʰʏlːʲʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek καρυόφυλλον (karuóphullon) reinterpreted as caryon / κάρυον (káruon, “a nut”) + phyllus / φύλλον (phúllon, “a leaf”). Applied by early botanists to the clove (Syzygium aromaticum), formerly Caryophyllus aromatica, and, by similarity of smell, to the clove pink (Dianthus caryophyllus). See Arabic قَرَنْفُل (qaranful) for the actual oriental origin of the word.

bor

(New Latin, botany) Resembling or associated with clove.

(New Latin, botany) Resembling or associated with the clove pink.


pulegium

la-noun

pūlegium n (genitive pūlegiī or pūlegī); second declension

pūlegium (canonical neuter)
pūlegiī (genitive)
pūlegī (genitive)
pūlegium (nominative singular)
pūlegia (nominative plural)
pūlegiī (genitive singular)
pūlegī (genitive singular)
pūlegiōrum (genitive plural)
pūlegiō (dative singular)
pūlegiīs (dative plural)
pūlegium (accusative singular)
pūlegia (accusative plural)
pūlegiō (ablative singular)
pūlegiīs (ablative plural)
pūlegium (singular vocative)
pūlegia (plural vocative)

Galician: poexo, poenxo, poxo, puexo

Italian: poleggio, puleggio

Portuguese: poejo

Spanish: poleo

→ German: Polei

→ Polish: polej

→ Romanian: polei

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pūlegiolum

Catalan: poliol

Old French: puliol

French: pouliot

desc

→ Middle English: puliol, pulliolle, pulial, piliol, pilliol, pileol

English: puliol, puliall, puliol royall, puliall royall, pennyroyal (√ pūlēium rēgium)

Probably from pūlex (flea), due to its traditional use as a flea repellant.

Mentha pulegium
Mentha pulegium#Translingual


mespilum

la-noun

mespilum n (genitive mespilī); second declension

mespilī (genitive)
mespilum (nominative singular)
mespila (nominative plural)
mespilī (genitive singular)
mespilōrum (genitive plural)
mespilō (dative singular)
mespilīs (dative plural)
mespilum (accusative singular)
mespila (accusative plural)
mespilō (ablative singular)
mespilīs (ablative plural)
mespilum (singular vocative)
mespila (plural vocative)

desc

Old French: mesple, mesdle, medle, mesle

French: nèfle

→ Middle English: medle, meyle, mele, melde

⇒ medler, meslier

desctree

→ Middle English: medler, meddeler, medeler, middiller, medlar
English: medlar
Fingallian: meddar

Italian: nespolo, nespola

desc

Mozarabic: نياشبُرُش (/niéšporoš/), ناشبُرُش (nāšburuš /néšporoš/)

Portuguese: nêspera

Spanish: níspero

→ Proto-West Germanic: *mespilā (see there for further descendants)

[ˈmɛs̠pɪɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon).


myxa

la-noun

myxa f (genitive myxae); first declension

myxae (genitive)
myxa (nominative singular)
myxae (nominative plural)
myxae (genitive singular)
myxārum (genitive plural)
myxae (dative singular)
myxīs (dative plural)
myxam (accusative singular)
myxās (accusative plural)
myxā (ablative singular)
myxīs (ablative plural)
myxa (singular vocative)
myxae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μύξα (múxa).


pistacia

pistacia f (genitive pistaciae); first declension

pistaciae (genitive)
pistacia (nominative singular)
pistaciae (nominative plural)
pistaciae (genitive singular)
pistaciārum (genitive plural)
pistaciae (dative singular)
pistaciīs (dative plural)
pistaciam (accusative singular)
pistaciās (accusative plural)
pistaciā (ablative singular)
pistaciīs (ablative plural)
pistacia (singular vocative)
pistaciae (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek πιστᾰκία (pistăkía).


cembra

cembra f (genitive cembrae); first declension

cembrae (genitive)
cembra (nominative singular)
cembrae (nominative plural)
cembrae (genitive singular)
cembrārum (genitive plural)
cembrae (dative singular)
cembrīs (dative plural)
cembram (accusative singular)
cembrās (accusative plural)
cembrā (ablative singular)
cembrīs (ablative plural)
cembra (singular vocative)
cembrae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Hoya cembrae, Ips cembrae, Pinus cembra

English: cembra

Alteration of the dialectal German Zember.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:cembra.

(New Latin) Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra)


cytisus

cytisus m (genitive cytisī); second declension

cytisī (genitive)
cytisus (nominative singular)
cytisī (nominative plural)
cytisī (genitive singular)
cytisōrum (genitive plural)
cytisō (dative singular)
cytisīs (dative plural)
cytisum (accusative singular)
cytisōs (accusative plural)
cytisō (ablative singular)
cytisīs (ablative plural)
cytise (singular vocative)
cytisī (plural vocative)

French: cytise

>? Galician: codeso

Italian: citiso

Spanish: cítiso

Translingual: Cytisus

[ˈkʏt̪ɪs̠ʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κύτισος (kútisos).

Conseri deinde circa totum apiarium debent arbusculae incrementi parvi, maximeque propter salubritatem. Nam sunt etiam remedio languentibus cytisi, tum deinde casiae atque pini et rosmarinum, quin etiam cunelae et thymi frutices, item violarum vel quae utiliter deponi patitur qualitas terrae. Gravis et taetri odoris non solum virentia sed et quaelibet res prohibeantur, sic uti cancri nidor cum est ignibus adustus aut odor palustris coeni. Nec minus vitentur cavae rupes aut vallis argutiae, quas Graeci vocant echous.

4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De re rustica 9.5.6


alcea

alcea f (genitive alceae); first declension

alceae (genitive)
alcea (nominative singular)
alceae (nominative plural)
alceae (genitive singular)
alceārum (genitive plural)
alceae (dative singular)
alceīs (dative plural)
alceam (accusative singular)
alceās (accusative plural)
alceā (ablative singular)
alceīs (ablative plural)
alcea (singular vocative)
alceae (plural vocative)


amygdalus

amygdalus f (genitive amygdalī); second declension

amygdalī (genitive)
amygdalus (nominative singular)
amygdalī (nominative plural)
amygdalī (genitive singular)
amygdalōrum (genitive plural)
amygdalō (dative singular)
amygdalīs (dative plural)
amygdalum (accusative singular)
amygdalōs (accusative plural)
amygdalō (ablative singular)
amygdalīs (ablative plural)
amygdale (singular vocative)
amygdalī (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀμύγδαλος (amúgdalos).


bratus

la-noun

bratus m (genitive bratī); second declension

bratī (genitive)
bratus (nominative singular)
bratī (nominative plural)
bratī (genitive singular)
bratōrum (genitive plural)
bratō (dative singular)
bratīs (dative plural)
bratum (accusative singular)
bratōs (accusative plural)
bratō (ablative singular)
bratīs (ablative plural)
brate (singular vocative)
bratī (plural vocative)

Through Ancient Greek βράθυ (bráthu), from Aramaic בְּרֹותָא (bərōṯā)

der

Aramaic בְּרֹותָא (bərōṯā)

Juniperus sabina
Juniperus sabina#Translingual

a tree similar to the cypress, presumably savin, Juniperus sabina


sorbum

la-noun

sorbum n (genitive sorbī); second declension

sorbī (genitive)
sorbum (nominative singular)
sorba (nominative plural)
sorbī (genitive singular)
sorbōrum (genitive plural)
sorbō (dative singular)
sorbīs (dative plural)
sorbum (accusative singular)
sorba (accusative plural)
sorbō (ablative singular)
sorbīs (ablative plural)
sorbum (singular vocative)
sorba (plural vocative)

English: sorb

French: sorbe

Galician: sorba

Greek: σούρβο (soúrvo)

Old Occitan: sorba

Portuguese: sorva

Spanish: serba


cunela

cunēla f (genitive cunēlae); first declension

cunēla (canonical feminine)
cunēlae (genitive)
cunēla (nominative singular)
cunēlae (nominative plural)
cunēlae (genitive singular)
cunēlārum (genitive plural)
cunēlae (dative singular)
cunēlīs (dative plural)
cunēlam (accusative singular)
cunēlās (accusative plural)
cunēlā (ablative singular)
cunēlīs (ablative plural)
cunēla (singular vocative)
cunēlae (plural vocative)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kunilā (see there for further descendants)

A plant, probably oregano or a relative.


dabla

dabla f (genitive dablae); first declension

dablae (genitive)
dabla (nominative singular)
dablae (nominative plural)
dablae (genitive singular)
dablārum (genitive plural)
dablae (dative singular)
dablīs (dative plural)
dablam (accusative singular)
dablās (accusative plural)
dablā (ablative singular)
dablīs (ablative plural)
dabla (singular vocative)
dablae (plural vocative)


alaternus

alaternus f (genitive alaternī); second declension

alaternī (genitive)
alaternus (nominative singular)
alaternī (nominative plural)
alaternī (genitive singular)
alaternōrum (genitive plural)
alaternō (dative singular)
alaternīs (dative plural)
alaternum (accusative singular)
alaternōs (accusative plural)
alaternō (ablative singular)
alaternīs (ablative plural)
alaterne (singular vocative)
alaternī (plural vocative)

Catalan: aladern

Galician: laderno, aderno

Portuguese: aderno

Spanish: aladierno

desc

Sardinian: aladerru, alaterru, alaverru, aliderru, laderru

Rhamnus alaternus
Rhamnus alaternus#Translingual


ebulum

la-noun

ebulum n (genitive ebulī); second declension

ebulī (genitive)
ebulum (nominative singular)
ebula (nominative plural)
ebulī (genitive singular)
ebulōrum (genitive plural)
ebulō (dative singular)
ebulīs (dative plural)
ebulum (accusative singular)
ebula (accusative plural)
ebulō (ablative singular)
ebulīs (ablative plural)
ebulum (singular vocative)
ebula (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ebbio

q

with agglutination of <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">l'</i>

Central Italian: lebbio (with agglutination of l')

North Italian:

Friulian: gneul, jeul

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: ibllo

French: hièble, yèble

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: évol

Gascon: gèu

desc

Occitan: eble, èbles, èu, èul, èule, èules, èvol

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: yabo

Asturian: yerbu

Spanish: yeblo

Borrowings:

→ Portuguese: ébulo

Unknown, but likely related to Old Prussian addle (“spruce, fir”), Latvian egle (“spruce, fir”), Lithuanian ẽglė (“spruce”), Proto-Slavic *ȅdlь (“spruce”) (from Proto-Balto-Slavic *edlis), potentially from Proto-Indo-European *h₁edʰ-l-. Perhaps (though less likely) related to Gaulish odocos (“elder”), whence Late Latin odecus, odicus and Old High German attuh, attah (“dwarf-elder, danewort”) (modern German Attich), from the same root *h₁edʰ-; however, Pokorny's derivation of this term from a root meaning “pointy” (stechend in the original German) is very unlikely. In the absence of a solid Indo-European etymology, it may thus be a European substrate word.

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

Sambucus ebulus
Sambucus ebulus#Translingual


iuglans

la-noun

iūglāns f (genitive iūglandis); third declension

iūglāns (canonical feminine)
iūglandis (genitive)
iūglāns (nominative singular)
iūglandēs (nominative plural)
iūglandis (genitive singular)
iūglandium (genitive plural)
iūglandum (genitive plural)
iūglandī (dative singular)
iūglandibus (dative plural)
iūglandem (accusative singular)
iūglandēs (accusative plural)
iūglande (ablative singular)
iūglandibus (ablative plural)
iūglāns (singular vocative)
iūglandēs (plural vocative)

→ English: juglans

→ Esperanto: juglando

Translingual: Juglans

[ˈi̯uːɡɫ̪ä̃ːs̠]

A univerbation of Iovis glāns (“Jupiter's acorn”), from Proto-Italic *djouglānts. The compound is of Proto-Indo-European date, with parallels in Ancient Greek Διὸς βάλανος (Diòs bálanos, “sweet chestnut”), Armenian տկողին (tkoġin).


arinca

arinca f (genitive arincae); first declension

arincae (genitive)
arinca (nominative singular)
arincae (nominative plural)
arincae (genitive singular)
arincārum (genitive plural)
arincae (dative singular)
arincīs (dative plural)
arincam (accusative singular)
arincās (accusative plural)
arincā (ablative singular)
arincīs (ablative plural)
arinca (singular vocative)
arincae (plural vocative)

Unknown, only attested in Pliny the Elder and there connected as Gaulish.


corylus

corylus f (genitive corylī); second declension

corylī (genitive)
corylus (nominative singular)
corylī (nominative plural)
corylī (genitive singular)
corylōrum (genitive plural)
corylō (dative singular)
corylīs (dative plural)
corylum (accusative singular)
corylōs (accusative plural)
corylō (ablative singular)
corylīs (ablative plural)
coryle (singular vocative)
corylī (plural vocative)

Translingual (taxonomic genus): Corylus

[ˈkɔrʏɫ̪ʊs̠]

Together with Proto-Celtic *koslos (“hazel”), Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel”) from Proto-Indo-European *kóslos if not a Proto-Italic borrowing from Celtic or Germanic before the First Germanic Sound Shift or a substrate. The presence of the “y” letter may be a reworking of the original corulus variant through a phenomenon in which the Romans had the tendency to Grecize words for poetic reasons. See Thybris and Tiberis.

Hic inter densas corylos modo namque gemellos / spem gregis, a! silice in nuda conixa reliquit.

70 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Eclogues 1.14–15

for here in the hazel thicket just now dropping twins / ah, the flock's hope, on naked flint, she abandoned them.


opulus

opulus f (genitive opulī); second declension

opulī (genitive)
opulus (nominative singular)
opulī (nominative plural)
opulī (genitive singular)
opulōrum (genitive plural)
opulō (dative singular)
opulīs (dative plural)
opulum (accusative singular)
opulōs (accusative plural)
opulō (ablative singular)
opulīs (ablative plural)
opule (singular vocative)
opulī (plural vocative)

From Gaulish *opolos (“maple”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ok̂u̯-olo-, from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”). Compare Proto-Celtic *oketā (“harrow”), Cornish eythin (“gorse”).


ceratium

cerātium n (genitive cerātiī or cerātī); second declension

cerātium (canonical neuter)
cerātiī (genitive)
cerātī (genitive)
cerātium (nominative singular)
cerātia (nominative plural)
cerātiī (genitive singular)
cerātī (genitive singular)
cerātiōrum (genitive plural)
cerātiō (dative singular)
cerātiīs (dative plural)
cerātium (accusative singular)
cerātia (accusative plural)
cerātiō (ablative singular)
cerātiīs (ablative plural)
cerātium (singular vocative)
cerātia (plural vocative)

→ English: Ceratium/ceratium

[kɛˈräːt̪iʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek κερᾱ́τῐον (kerā́tĭon, “little horn, carob”), diminutive of κέρᾰς (kérăs, “horn”).

der

Ceratonia siliqua
Ceratonia siliqua#Translingual


sisymbrium

la-noun

sisymbrium n (genitive sisymbriī or sisymbrī); second declension

sisymbriī (genitive)
sisymbrī (genitive)
sisymbrium (nominative singular)
sisymbria (nominative plural)
sisymbriī (genitive singular)
sisymbrī (genitive singular)
sisymbriōrum (genitive plural)
sisymbriō (dative singular)
sisymbriīs (dative plural)
sisymbrium (accusative singular)
sisymbria (accusative plural)
sisymbriō (ablative singular)
sisymbriīs (ablative plural)
sisymbrium (singular vocative)
sisymbria (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek σισύμβριον (sisúmbrion).

any plant of the species Mentha aquatica, water mint


ervum

ervum n (genitive ervī); second declension

ervī (genitive)
ervum (nominative singular)
erva (nominative plural)
ervī (genitive singular)
ervōrum (genitive plural)
ervō (dative singular)
ervīs (dative plural)
ervum (accusative singular)
erva (accusative plural)
ervō (ablative singular)
ervīs (ablative plural)
ervum (singular vocative)
erva (plural vocative)

Old Occitan:

Catalan: er, erb

Occitan: èrs

→ French: ers

Spanish: yervo, yero

→ Proto-West Germanic: *erbā (see there for further descendants)

→ Translingual: Ervum

→ Italian: ervo

Probably from a Mediterranean substrate borrowing, related to Ancient Greek ὄροβος (órobos), Proto-Germanic *arwīts.

Mense Ianuario paleas cum ervi macerati sextariis sex vel paleas cum cicerculae fresae semodio vel frondis corbem pabulatorium modiorum viginti vel paleas quantum velint et faeni pondo viginti vel adfatim viridem frondem ex siliquis et lauru vel, quod his omnibus praestat, farraginem hordeaceam dabit siccam.

4 CE – c. 70 CE, Columella, De Re Rustica XI.II.99

Vicia ervilia
Vicia ervilia#Translingual

bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia), and by extension other types of vetches (Vicia gen. et spp.)


tinus

tīnus f (genitive tīnī); second declension

tīnus (canonical feminine)
tīnī (genitive)
tīnus (nominative singular)
tīnī (nominative plural)
tīnī (genitive singular)
tīnōrum (genitive plural)
tīnō (dative singular)
tīnīs (dative plural)
tīnum (accusative singular)
tīnōs (accusative plural)
tīnō (ablative singular)
tīnīs (ablative plural)
tīne (singular vocative)
tīnī (plural vocative)


sappinus

sappīnus f (genitive sappīnī); second declension

sappīnus (canonical feminine)
sappīnī (genitive)
sappīnus (nominative singular)
sappīnī (nominative plural)
sappīnī (genitive singular)
sappīnōrum (genitive plural)
sappīnō (dative singular)
sappīnīs (dative plural)
sappīnum (accusative singular)
sappīnōs (accusative plural)
sappīnō (ablative singular)
sappīnīs (ablative plural)
sappīne (singular vocative)
sappīnī (plural vocative)

Catalan: sapí

French: sapin

Piedmontese: sap, sapin

→ Arabic: شَبِّين (šabbīn)

From a combination of Gaulish *sappos (“fir tree”) and pīnus (“pine tree”). The Gaulish word is from Proto-Celtic *sakʷos (“fir”), related to Welsh sybwydd (“fir”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷos, related to Lithuanian sakai (“resin”), Latvian sweki (“resin”), and Proto-Slavic *sokъ (“juice, resin”).


farnus

farnus f (genitive farnī); second declension

farnī (genitive)
farnus (nominative singular)
farnī (nominative plural)
farnī (genitive singular)
farnōrum (genitive plural)
farnō (dative singular)
farnīs (dative plural)
farnum (accusative singular)
farnōs (accusative plural)
farnō (ablative singular)
farnīs (ablative plural)
farne (singular vocative)
farnī (plural vocative)

Italian: farnia

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵos (“birch”). Compare Sanskrit भूर्ज (bhūrjá, “Himalayan birch”) (Betula utilis), English birch and Latin fraxinus (“ash tree”).


volaemum

la-noun

volaemum n (genitive volaemī); second declension

volaemī (genitive)
volaemum (nominative singular)
volaema (nominative plural)
volaemī (genitive singular)
volaemōrum (genitive plural)
volaemō (dative singular)
volaemīs (dative plural)
volaemum (accusative singular)
volaema (accusative plural)
volaemō (ablative singular)
volaemīs (ablative plural)
volaemum (singular vocative)
volaema (plural vocative)

[u̯ɔˈɫ̪äe̯mʊ̃ˑ]

Usually connected to Oscan 𐌅𐌀𐌋𐌀𐌉𐌌𐌀𐌔 (valaimas) and South Picene 𐌅𐌄𐌋𐌀𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌔 (velaimes), derived from Proto-Italic *welaisVmos (“best”), a superlative from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, powerful”), whence also valeō (“to be strong, well”).
The loss of -s- in this superlative indicates a borrowing from a Sabellic language, which Prósper specifies as Oscan.
Parallels between the suffixes of volaemum and Proto-Slavic *golěmъ (“large”) were drawn by Trubachyov, presuming a common suffix *-ai-mos. But given now the Italic word is now considered a superlative *-a-isVmos, this comparison must be abandoned.
A folk etymology, of being so called because one is so large that the vola (“cupped hand”) envelops the former when the latter approaches from below, can be inferred from Maurus Servius Honoratus’s Commentary to Georgica 2, 88: Nam et volema ab eo quod volam impleant dicta sunt. Unde et involare dicimus. Whereafter it is noted dismissively, in a probable interpolation, that it is the word for “large” in Gaulish: Volema autem, Gallica lingua, bona et grandia dicuntur. sed magis dicta sunt ab eo, quod volam implicant. Despite this, any attribution of volaemum to Gaulish is rejected by Untermann.

der

Georgics
Maurus Servius Honoratus
Oleg Trubachyov


serpyllum

la-noun

serpyllum n (genitive serpyllī); second declension

serpyllī (genitive)
serpyllum (nominative singular)
serpylla (nominative plural)
serpyllī (genitive singular)
serpyllōrum (genitive plural)
serpyllō (dative singular)
serpyllīs (dative plural)
serpyllum (accusative singular)
serpylla (accusative plural)
serpyllō (ablative singular)
serpyllīs (ablative plural)
serpyllum (singular vocative)
serpylla (plural vocative)

serpullum

Catalan: serpoll

Occitan: serpol

Spanish: serpol

*serpullellum

Italian: sermollino

Romanian: serpunél

serpillum

Italian: serpillo

From Ancient Greek ἕρπυλλος (hérpullos). This spelling is educated. In Old Latin the spelling serpullum was dominating, the Greek origin not being well known, and this form stays in speech up to Romance.


eumeces

eumēcēs m or f (genitive eumēcis); third declension

eumēces n (genitive eumēcis); third declension

eumēcēs (canonical feminine masculine)
eumēcis (genitive)
eumēces (canonical neuter)
eumēcis (genitive)
eumēcēs (nominative singular)
eumēcēs (nominative plural)
eumēcis (genitive singular)
eumēcium (genitive plural)
eumēcī (dative singular)
eumēcibus (dative plural)
eumēcem (accusative singular)
eumēcēs (accusative plural)
eumēcīs (accusative plural)
eumēce (ablative singular)
eumēcibus (ablative plural)
eumēcēs (singular vocative)
eumēcēs (plural vocative)
eumēces (nominative singular)
eumēca (nominative plural)
eumēcis (genitive singular)
eumēcum (genitive plural)
eumēcī (dative singular)
eumēcibus (dative plural)
eumēces (accusative singular)
eumēca (accusative plural)
eumēce (ablative singular)
eumēcibus (ablative plural)
eumēces (singular vocative)
eumēca (plural vocative)
Third-declension noun (i-stem).

Borrowed from Ancient Greek εὐμῆκες (eumêkes, “very long”).


thymbra

la-noun

thymbra f (genitive thymbrae); first declension

thymbrae (genitive)
thymbra (nominative singular)
thymbrae (nominative plural)
thymbrae (genitive singular)
thymbrārum (genitive plural)
thymbrae (dative singular)
thymbrīs (dative plural)
thymbram (accusative singular)
thymbrās (accusative plural)
thymbrā (ablative singular)
thymbrīs (ablative plural)
thymbra (singular vocative)
thymbrae (plural vocative)

Satureja hortensis
Satureja hortensis#Translingual


lamium

lamium n (genitive lamiī or lamī); second declension

lamiī (genitive)
lamī (genitive)
lamium (nominative singular)
lamia (nominative plural)
lamiī (genitive singular)
lamī (genitive singular)
lamiōrum (genitive plural)
lamiō (dative singular)
lamiīs (dative plural)
lamium (accusative singular)
lamia (accusative plural)
lamiō (ablative singular)
lamiīs (ablative plural)
lamium (singular vocative)
lamia (plural vocative)

Translingual: Lamium


unedo

unedō m (genitive unedōnis); third declension

unedō (canonical masculine)
unedōnis (genitive)
unedō (nominative singular)
unedōnēs (nominative plural)
unedōnis (genitive singular)
unedōnum (genitive plural)
unedōnī (dative singular)
unedōnibus (dative plural)
unedōnem (accusative singular)
unedōnēs (accusative plural)
unedōne (ablative singular)
unedōnibus (ablative plural)
unedō (singular vocative)
unedōnēs (plural vocative)

Unknown. One only knows a folk etymology by Pliny that it comes from ūnum (“one”) + edō (“eat”) because only one fruit could be eaten at a time due to the foul taste—but the strawberry tree fruit is not commonly counted foul, albeit relatively bland.

⇒ French: olonier

by 1900 died out everywhere but in Royan (Charente-Inférieure)


cuscolium

cuscolium n (genitive cuscoliī or cuscolī); second declension

cuscoliī (genitive)
cuscolī (genitive)
cuscolium (nominative singular)
cuscolia (nominative plural)
cuscoliī (genitive singular)
cuscolī (genitive singular)
cuscoliōrum (genitive plural)
cuscoliō (dative singular)
cuscoliīs (dative plural)
cuscolium (accusative singular)
cuscolia (accusative plural)
cuscoliō (ablative singular)
cuscoliīs (ablative plural)
cuscolium (singular vocative)
cuscolia (plural vocative)

desc

Aragonese: coscullo (“stalk of a fruit”), coscurro (“bread crust”)

Catalan: coscoll (“kermes oak; Molopospermum peloponnesiacum; holly”)

→ French: couscouil

Spanish: coscojo (“kermes oak; beech”)

Occitan: couscouio, couscolho (“dry legume”)

→ Basque: couscourro (“pine needle”)

[kʊs̠ˈkɔlʲiʊ̃ˑ]

Bertoldi compares Calabrian coscu, cuoscu (“young oak”), Sicilian cosca (“cabbage stalk”), cismontan Corsican cuscogliulu (“scrap or shell of a chestnut”), Gallurese cuscugia (“dry branches”), Logudorese cuscudza (“grain sweepings on the threshing-floor, kindling for a fire”), and Berber aqešquš (“small twigs kept for sparking off fire”), and Basque kozkil (“left-over chestnut twigs or shells”), koskor (“small person”), kuzkur (“acorn”), kuskul (“bent of age”), koskor (“plant leftovers”), koska (“sottishness”), and therefore Latin quisquilia (“mixed-in twigs or stalks; odds and ends”), leaving open possible Aquitanian or Berber connections. In other words, probably loaned of a substrate term.


aphaca

la-noun

aphaca f (genitive aphacae); first declension

aphacae (genitive)
aphaca (nominative singular)
aphacae (nominative plural)
aphacae (genitive singular)
aphacārum (genitive plural)
aphacae (dative singular)
aphacīs (dative plural)
aphacam (accusative singular)
aphacās (accusative plural)
aphacā (ablative singular)
aphacīs (ablative plural)
aphaca (singular vocative)
aphacae (plural vocative)


horminum

hormīnum n (genitive hormīnī); second declension

hormīnum (canonical neuter)
hormīnī (genitive)
hormīnum (nominative singular)
hormīna (nominative plural)
hormīnī (genitive singular)
hormīnōrum (genitive plural)
hormīnō (dative singular)
hormīnīs (dative plural)
hormīnum (accusative singular)
hormīna (accusative plural)
hormīnō (ablative singular)
hormīnīs (ablative plural)
hormīnum (singular vocative)
hormīna (plural vocative)

Catalan: ormí


stobrus

stobrus f (genitive stobrī); second declension

stobrī (genitive)
stobrus (nominative singular)
stobrī (nominative plural)
stobrī (genitive singular)
stobrōrum (genitive plural)
stobrō (dative singular)
stobrīs (dative plural)
stobrum (accusative singular)
stobrōs (accusative plural)
stobrō (ablative singular)
stobrīs (ablative plural)
stobre (singular vocative)
stobrī (plural vocative)


euonymos

euōnymos m (genitive euōnymī); second declension

euōnymos (canonical masculine)
euōnymī (genitive)
euōnymos (nominative singular)
euōnymī (nominative plural)
euōnymī (genitive singular)
euōnymōrum (genitive plural)
euōnymō (dative singular)
euōnymīs (dative plural)
euōnymon (accusative singular)
euōnymōs (accusative plural)
euōnymō (ablative singular)
euōnymīs (ablative plural)
euōnyme (singular vocative)
euōnymī (plural vocative)

Italian: evonimo

Translingual: Euonymus

[ɛu̯ˈoːnʏmɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek εὐώνυμος (euṓnumos).


bugillo

būgillō m (genitive būgillōnis); third declension

būgillō (canonical masculine)
būgillōnis (genitive)
būgillō (nominative singular)
būgillōnēs (nominative plural)
būgillōnis (genitive singular)
būgillōnum (genitive plural)
būgillōnī (dative singular)
būgillōnibus (dative plural)
būgillōnem (accusative singular)
būgillōnēs (accusative plural)
būgillōne (ablative singular)
būgillōnibus (ablative plural)
būgillō (singular vocative)
būgillōnēs (plural vocative)

[buːˈɡɪlːʲoː]

unk

Unclear

Ajuga reptans
Ajuga reptans#Translingual

bugle (plant of the species Ajuga reptans)


corissum

la-noun

corissum n (genitive corissī); second declension

corissī (genitive)
corissum (nominative singular)
corissa (nominative plural)
corissī (genitive singular)
corissōrum (genitive plural)
corissō (dative singular)
corissīs (dative plural)
corissum (accusative singular)
corissa (accusative plural)
corissō (ablative singular)
corissīs (ablative plural)
corissum (singular vocative)
corissa (plural vocative)

Ajuga chamaepitys
Ajuga chamaepitys#Translingual


bladona

blādōna f sg (genitive blādōnae); first declension

blādōna (canonical feminine singular)
blādōnae (genitive)
blādōna (nominative singular)
blādōnae (genitive singular)
blādōnae (dative singular)
blādōnam (accusative singular)
blādōnā (ablative singular)
blādōna (singular vocative)

Italian: belladonna (“nightshade”) (altered by folk etymology)

[bɫ̪äːˈd̪oːnä]

[bläˈd̪ɔːnä]

From Gaulish *blātōnā, blātunā, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (“flower”).


anagallis

anagallis f (genitive anagallidis); third declension

anagallidis (genitive)
anagallis (nominative singular)
anagallidēs (nominative plural)
anagallidis (genitive singular)
anagallidum (genitive plural)
anagallidī (dative singular)
anagallidibus (dative plural)
anagallidem (accusative singular)
anagallidēs (accusative plural)
anagallide (ablative singular)
anagallidibus (ablative plural)
anagallis (singular vocative)
anagallidēs (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Anagallis

From Ancient Greek ἀναγαλλίς (anagallís).


ortyx

ortyx f (genitive ortygis); third declension

ortygis (genitive)
ortyx (nominative singular)
ortygēs (nominative plural)
ortygis (genitive singular)
ortygum (genitive plural)
ortygī (dative singular)
ortygibus (dative plural)
ortygem (accusative singular)
ortygēs (accusative plural)
ortyge (ablative singular)
ortygibus (ablative plural)
ortyx (singular vocative)
ortygēs (plural vocative)


glinos

glīnos m (genitive glīnī); second declension

glīnos (canonical masculine)
glīnī (genitive)
glīnos (nominative singular)
glīnī (nominative plural)
glīnī (genitive singular)
glīnōrum (genitive plural)
glīnō (dative singular)
glīnīs (dative plural)
glīnon (accusative singular)
glīnōs (accusative plural)
glīnō (ablative singular)
glīnīs (ablative plural)
glīne (singular vocative)
glīnī (plural vocative)

[ˈɡlʲiːnɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γλῖνος (glînos).


lathyros

lāthyros m (genitive lāthyrī); second declension

lāthyros (canonical masculine)
lāthyrī (genitive)
lāthyros (nominative singular)
lāthyrī (nominative plural)
lāthyrī (genitive singular)
lāthyrōrum (genitive plural)
lāthyrō (dative singular)
lāthyrīs (dative plural)
lāthyron (accusative singular)
lāthyrōs (accusative plural)
lāthyrō (ablative singular)
lāthyrīs (ablative plural)
lāthyre (singular vocative)
lāthyrī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Lathyrus

[ˈɫ̪äːt̪ʰʏrɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek λᾱ́θυρος (lā́thuros), from a substrate source shared by German Linse, Lithuanian lęšis and Latin lens.


syagrus

syagrus f (genitive syagrī); second declension

syagrī (genitive)
syagrus (nominative singular)
syagrī (nominative plural)
syagrī (genitive singular)
syagrōrum (genitive plural)
syagrō (dative singular)
syagrīs (dative plural)
syagrum (accusative singular)
syagrōs (accusative plural)
syagrō (ablative singular)
syagrīs (ablative plural)
syagre (singular vocative)
syagrī (plural vocative)

[ˈs̠yäɡrʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σύαγρος (súagros).


tibulus

tībulus f (genitive tībulī); second declension

tībulus (canonical feminine)
tībulī (genitive)
tībulus (nominative singular)
tībulī (nominative plural)
tībulī (genitive singular)
tībulōrum (genitive plural)
tībulō (dative singular)
tībulīs (dative plural)
tībulum (accusative singular)
tībulōs (accusative plural)
tībulō (ablative singular)
tībulīs (ablative plural)
tībule (singular vocative)
tībulī (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪iːbʊɫ̪ʊs̠]


anthedon

anthēdōn f (genitive anthēdonis); third declension

anthēdōn (canonical feminine)
anthēdonis (genitive)
anthēdōn (nominative singular)
anthēdonēs (nominative plural)
anthēdonis (genitive singular)
anthēdonum (genitive plural)
anthēdonī (dative singular)
anthēdonibus (dative plural)
anthēdonem (accusative singular)
anthēdonēs (accusative plural)
anthēdone (ablative singular)
anthēdonibus (ablative plural)
anthēdōn (singular vocative)
anthēdonēs (plural vocative)

[än̪ˈt̪ʰeːd̪oːn]

[än̪ˈt̪ɛːd̪on]


sandalum

sandalum n (genitive sandalī); second declension

sandalī (genitive)
sandalum (nominative singular)
sandala (nominative plural)
sandalī (genitive singular)
sandalōrum (genitive plural)
sandalō (dative singular)
sandalīs (dative plural)
sandalum (accusative singular)
sandala (accusative plural)
sandalō (ablative singular)
sandalīs (ablative plural)
sandalum (singular vocative)
sandala (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Middle English: sandal, sandale, sandel, sandell
English: sandal

Old French: sandre

→ Middle English: saundres, caundres, sanderes, sanders, sandres, saunders, saunderys, sawnderys, sawndres, zaunders
English: sanders (obsolete)

→ French: santal
→ English: santal
→ Czech: santál, santal, sandál

→ Italian: sandalo

→ German: Sandel

→ Translingual: Santalum

→ Portuguese: sândalo

→ Spanish: sándalo

From Byzantine Greek σάνδανον (sándanon), σάνταλον (sántalon), from Arabic صَنْدَل (ṣandal), from Middle Persian cndl (čandal, “sandalwood”), from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana, “sandalwood”).

der

(Medieval Latin) sandal, sandalwood, santalum


adipsos

la-noun

adipsos f (genitive adipsī); second declension

adipsī (genitive)
adipsos (nominative singular)
adipsī (nominative plural)
adipsī (genitive singular)
adipsōrum (genitive plural)
adipsō (dative singular)
adipsīs (dative plural)
adipson (accusative singular)
adipsōs (accusative plural)
adipsō (ablative singular)
adipsīs (ablative plural)
adipse (singular vocative)
adipsī (plural vocative)

[äˈd̪ɪps̠ɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄδιψος (ádipsos, “quenching thirst”).


cyprus

la-noun

cyprus f (genitive cyprī); second declension

cyprī (genitive)
cyprus (nominative singular)
cyprī (nominative plural)
cyprī (genitive singular)
cyprōrum (genitive plural)
cyprō (dative singular)
cyprīs (dative plural)
cyprum (accusative singular)
cyprōs (accusative plural)
cyprō (ablative singular)
cyprīs (ablative plural)
cypre (singular vocative)
cyprī (plural vocative)

→ Middle English: cipre

From Ancient Greek κύπρος (kúpros, “henna”), from Akkadian 𒇒𒌓𒀀 (kupru, “bitumen, pitch”) from Akkadian 𒅗𒉺𒊒 (kapāru, “to smear, to daub on”).

der

رَقَنَ n. a. رَقْنٌ i. q. رَقَمَ aut pro eo  1) Notavit, scripsit, pinxit, cypro tinxit. […] II [رَقَّنَ] Tinxit cypro barbam suam senex c. a. […] IV [أَرْقَنَ] Tinxit barbam suam cypro c. a. […] رِقَانٌ, رَقُونٌ Cyprus (Lawsonia inermis Lin.); et Crocus. […] إِرْقَانٌ Cyprus (Lawsonia inermis Lin.); et Crocus.

1833, Georg Freytag, “cyprus”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum, volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 182b

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


sclareia

la-noun

sclarēia f (genitive sclarēiae); first declension

sclarēia (canonical feminine)
sclarēiae (genitive)
sclarēia (nominative singular)
sclarēiae (nominative plural)
sclarēiae (genitive singular)
sclarēiārum (genitive plural)
sclarēiae (dative singular)
sclarēiīs (dative plural)
sclarēiam (accusative singular)
sclarēiās (accusative plural)
sclarēiā (ablative singular)
sclarēiīs (ablative plural)
sclarēia (singular vocative)
sclarēiae (plural vocative)

Italo-Western Romance:

q

Italian: scarleggia (archaic), schiarea, scarlea ⇒ sclarea (metathesis, perhaps via Latin influence, or simply borrowed from Latin)

Lombard: scarleza, sclareza

Venetan: scarlegia, scarleza

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: iscrareja (Nuorese), usciareu (Logudorese), scraria (Campidanese)

→ French: sclarée

→? Old French: sclaree

→ Middle English: clarie

English: clary

→ Proto-West Germanic: *skarlejā, *skaralejā

→ Proto-West Germanic: *sklaregā

→ Portuguese: esclarea

→ Spanish: esclarea

From earlier hastula rēgia (“asphodel plant”) via loss of /h/, aphaeresis of the first /a/, syncope of /u/, dissimilation of /tl/ to /kl/, and merger of intervocalic /ɡj/ with /j/ (not necessarily all in that order). Attested in an appendix to Gargilius (which may represent a late interpolation) as well as a variety of ninth-century works. The semantic change may be due to the resemblance of the floral spikes of the clary sage to those of the asphodel.

(Late Latin?, Medieval Latin) clary sage


malum cydonium

la-noun

mālum cydōnium n (genitive mālī cydōniī); second declension

mālum cydōnium (canonical neuter)
mālī cydōniī (genitive)
mālum cydōnium (nominative singular)
māla cydōnia (nominative plural)
mālī cydōniī (genitive singular)
mālōrum cydōniōrum (genitive plural)
mālō cydōniō (dative singular)
mālīs cydōniīs (dative plural)
mālum cydōnium (accusative singular)
māla cydōnia (accusative plural)
mālō cydōniō (ablative singular)
mālīs cydōniīs (ablative plural)
mālum cydōnium (singular vocative)
māla cydōnia (plural vocative)

[ˈmäːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ kʏˈd̪oːniʊ̃ˑ]

Alternative form of mālum cotōnium (“quince”)


citrangulum

citrangulum n (genitive citrangulī); second declension

citrangulī (genitive)
citrangulum (nominative singular)
citrangula (nominative plural)
citrangulī (genitive singular)
citrangulōrum (genitive plural)
citrangulō (dative singular)
citrangulīs (dative plural)
citrangulum (accusative singular)
citrangula (accusative plural)
citrangulō (ablative singular)
citrangulīs (ablative plural)
citrangulum (singular vocative)
citrangula (plural vocative)

[kɪˈt̪räŋɡʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

Blend of citrus + Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj).

blend

Citrus × aurantium
Citrus × aurantium#Translingual

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) bitter orange, fruit of Citrus × aurantium


citrangulus

la-noun

citrangulus f (genitive citrangulī); second declension

citrangulī (genitive)
citrangulus (nominative singular)
citrangulī (nominative plural)
citrangulī (genitive singular)
citrangulōrum (genitive plural)
citrangulō (dative singular)
citrangulīs (dative plural)
citrangulum (accusative singular)
citrangulōs (accusative plural)
citrangulō (ablative singular)
citrangulīs (ablative plural)
citrangule (singular vocative)
citrangulī (plural vocative)

[kɪˈt̪räŋɡʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

(Medieval Latin, New Latin) bitter orange tree, Citrus × aurantium


malum punicum

mālum pūnicum n (genitive mālī pūnicī); second declension

mālum pūnicum (canonical neuter)
mālī pūnicī (genitive)
mālum pūnicum (nominative singular)
māla pūnica (nominative plural)
mālī pūnicī (genitive singular)
mālōrum pūnicōrum (genitive plural)
mālō pūnicō (dative singular)
mālīs pūnicīs (dative plural)
mālum pūnicum (accusative singular)
māla pūnica (accusative plural)
mālō pūnicō (ablative singular)
mālīs pūnicīs (ablative plural)
mālum pūnicum (singular vocative)
māla pūnica (plural vocative)

[ˈmäːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ ˈpuːnɪkʊ̃ˑ]

Literally ‘Phoenician apple’, possibly through connections with geography, mythology or colour.


ocimum

ōcimum n (genitive ōcimī); second declension

ōcimum (canonical neuter)
ōcimī (genitive)
ōcimum (nominative singular)
ōcima (nominative plural)
ōcimī (genitive singular)
ōcimōrum (genitive plural)
ōcimō (dative singular)
ōcimīs (dative plural)
ōcimum (accusative singular)
ōcima (accusative plural)
ōcimō (ablative singular)
ōcimīs (ablative plural)
ōcimum (singular vocative)
ōcima (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὤκιμον (ṓkimon).

[…] Ī nunc,
'Dīnomachēs ego sum' sufflā, 'sum candidus.' Estō,
dum nē dēterius sapiat pannūcia Baucis,

Go now,
puff yourself up, 'I am the son of Dinomache, I am shining.' Be then,
while only wizened Baucis has worse sense than you,
when she nicely sings her basils to some ragged slave.

cum bene discīnctō cantāverit ōcima vernae.


suberies

sūberiēs f (genitive sūberiēī); fifth declension

sūberiēs (canonical feminine)
sūberiēī (genitive)
sūberiēs (nominative singular)
sūberiēī (genitive singular)
sūberiēī (dative singular)
sūberiem (accusative singular)
sūberiē (ablative singular)
sūberiēs (singular vocative)


persea

persea f (genitive perseae); first declension

perseae (genitive)
persea (nominative singular)
perseae (nominative plural)
perseae (genitive singular)
perseārum (genitive plural)
perseae (dative singular)
perseīs (dative plural)
perseam (accusative singular)
perseās (accusative plural)
perseā (ablative singular)
perseīs (ablative plural)
persea (singular vocative)
perseae (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Persea

Borrowed from Ancient Greek περσέα (perséa).


thymelaea

thymelaea f (genitive thymelaeae); first declension

thymelaeae (genitive)
thymelaea (nominative singular)
thymelaeae (nominative plural)
thymelaeae (genitive singular)
thymelaeārum (genitive plural)
thymelaeae (dative singular)
thymelaeīs (dative plural)
thymelaeam (accusative singular)
thymelaeās (accusative plural)
thymelaeā (ablative singular)
thymelaeīs (ablative plural)
thymelaea (singular vocative)
thymelaeae (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Thymelaea

[t̪ʰʏmɛˈɫ̪äe̯ä]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek θυμελαία (thumelaía).

Daphne gnidium
Daphne gnidium#Translingual


cneoron

cneōron n (genitive cneōrī); second declension

cneōron (canonical neuter)
cneōrī (genitive)
cneōron (nominative singular)
cneōra (nominative plural)
cneōrī (genitive singular)
cneōrōrum (genitive plural)
cneōrō (dative singular)
cneōrīs (dative plural)
cneōron (accusative singular)
cneōra (accusative plural)
cneōrō (ablative singular)
cneōrīs (ablative plural)
cneōron (singular vocative)
cneōra (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Cneorum

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κνέωρον (knéōron).


ostrya

ostrya f (genitive ostryae); first declension

ostryae (genitive)
ostrya (nominative singular)
ostryae (nominative plural)
ostryae (genitive singular)
ostryārum (genitive plural)
ostryae (dative singular)
ostryīs (dative plural)
ostryam (accusative singular)
ostryās (accusative plural)
ostryā (ablative singular)
ostryīs (ablative plural)
ostrya (singular vocative)
ostryae (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Ostrya

⇒? Welsh: oestrwydd

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀστρύα (ostrúa).

European hophornbeam
European hophornbeam

Ostrya carpinifolia
Ostrya carpinifolia#Translingual

European hophornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia)


setania

sētania f (genitive sētaniae); first declension

sētania (canonical feminine)
sētaniae (genitive)
sētania (nominative singular)
sētaniae (nominative plural)
sētaniae (genitive singular)
sētaniārum (genitive plural)
sētaniae (dative singular)
sētaniīs (dative plural)
sētaniam (accusative singular)
sētaniās (accusative plural)
sētaniā (ablative singular)
sētaniīs (ablative plural)
sētania (singular vocative)
sētaniae (plural vocative)

Mespilus germanica
Mespilus germanica#Translingual


elelisphacos

elelisphacos m (genitive elelisphacī); second declension

elelisphacī (genitive)
elelisphacos (nominative singular)
elelisphacī (nominative plural)
elelisphacī (genitive singular)
elelisphacōrum (genitive plural)
elelisphacō (dative singular)
elelisphacīs (dative plural)
elelisphacon (accusative singular)
elelisphacōs (accusative plural)
elelisphacō (ablative singular)
elelisphacīs (ablative plural)
elelisphace (singular vocative)
elelisphacī (plural vocative)

[ɛɫ̪ɛˈlʲɪs̠pʰäkɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐλελίσφακος (elelísphakos).

bor

kind of sage, perhaps Greek sage (Salvia fruticosa)


eutheriston

la-noun

eutheriston n (genitive eutheristī); second declension

eutheristī (genitive)
eutheriston (nominative singular)
eutherista (nominative plural)
eutheristī (genitive singular)
eutheristōrum (genitive plural)
eutheristō (dative singular)
eutheristīs (dative plural)
eutheriston (accusative singular)
eutherista (accusative plural)
eutheristō (ablative singular)
eutheristīs (ablative plural)
eutheriston (singular vocative)
eutherista (plural vocative)

[ɛu̯t̪ʰɛˈrɪs̠t̪ɔn]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek εὐθέριστον (euthériston).


philyra

philyra f (genitive philyrae); first declension

philyrae (genitive)
philyra (nominative singular)
philyrae (nominative plural)
philyrae (genitive singular)
philyrārum (genitive plural)
philyrae (dative singular)
philyrīs (dative plural)
philyram (accusative singular)
philyrās (accusative plural)
philyrā (ablative singular)
philyrīs (ablative plural)
philyra (singular vocative)
philyrae (plural vocative)


melilotos

melilōtos f (genitive melilōtī); second declension

melilōtos (canonical feminine)
melilōtī (genitive)
melilōtos (nominative singular)
melilōtī (nominative plural)
melilōtī (genitive singular)
melilōtōrum (genitive plural)
melilōtō (dative singular)
melilōtīs (dative plural)
melilōton (accusative singular)
melilōtōs (accusative plural)
melilōtō (ablative singular)
melilōtīs (ablative plural)
melilōte (singular vocative)
melilōtī (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Melilotus

[mɛlʲɪˈɫ̪oːt̪ɔs̠]

From Ancient Greek μελίλωτος (melílōtos, “melilot”), from μέλι (méli, “honey”) + λωτός (lōtós, “lotus”).


catanum

la-noun

catanum n (genitive catanī); second declension

catanī (genitive)
catanum (nominative singular)
catana (nominative plural)
catanī (genitive singular)
catanōrum (genitive plural)
catanō (dative singular)
catanīs (dative plural)
catanum (accusative singular)
catana (accusative plural)
catanō (ablative singular)
catanīs (ablative plural)
catanum (singular vocative)
catana (plural vocative)

Old Occitan: cade

desc

Occitan: cade, cadre, cai, chiade, chiaina, chai

→ Middle French: cade

French: cade, cadier

→ English: cade

Old Catalan: *cade

Catalan: càdec

→ Spanish: cada (rare)

[ˈkät̪änʊ̃ˑ]

Unclear, due to its not being mentioned by Imperial Era botanical or agricultural authors and being continued in only comparatively early Romanized Gallia Narbonensis and Hispania citerior theorized to have died out elsewhere by the end of the 1st century BCE but brought there in the century before that by Sabine settlers and having been derived from Sabine catus, which is the semantic equivalent of Latin acūtus and thus as an etymological equivalent of catus preserves its literal meaning “spiky”, with the suffix as in the tree-names carpinus and fraxinus, which is formally possible as Sabine had not weakened the penultimate vowel in proparoxytones of this kind. Note the name of the related species herba Sabīna (“savin”, literally “Sabine herb”), arbor Sabīna (“savin”, literally “Sabine tree”), and even the genus name jūniperus is formally marked as Sabine. Otherwise a Punic borrowing, of the same Semitic origin as κέδρος (kédros), thus a doublet of cedrus from Greek and of Medieval Latin catrānum (“bundle of brushweed dunked into tar”) from Arabic. To Proto-Finnic *kataga (“juniper”) respectively Latvian kadiķis, Lithuanian kadagys, Old Prussian kadegis (“juniper”) there is no way in either direction.

cog

690–750, Excerpta ex libro glossarum published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum V page 179, 6

Cytisus is a kind of tree like juniper a sweet-smelling herb, greener and hardly serving the bees in comparison to golden showers and rosemary.

Citisum genus arboris quasi catanum erba odoribera uergilius et uix humiles apibus casias rorem que

western prickly juniper
western prickly juniper

Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedrus#Translingual

western prickly juniper, cade (Juniperus oxycedrus)


herba Sabina

la-noun

herba Sabīna f (genitive herbae Sabīnae); first declension

herba Sabīna (canonical feminine)
herbae Sabīnae (genitive)
herba Sabīna (nominative singular)
herbae Sabīnae (nominative plural)
herbae Sabīnae (genitive singular)
herbārum Sabīnārum (genitive plural)
herbae Sabīnae (dative singular)
herbīs Sabīnīs (dative plural)
herbam Sabīnam (accusative singular)
herbās Sabīnās (accusative plural)
herbā Sabīnā (ablative singular)
herbīs Sabīnīs (ablative plural)
herba Sabīna (singular vocative)
herbae Sabīnae (plural vocative)
herbae Sabīnae (locative singular)
herbīs Sabīnīs (locative plural)

Old French: savine

→ Middle English: savine, savin

English: savin

Old Italian: savina

Old Occitan: savina

→ Arabic: شَبِينَة (šabīna)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *sabinā (see there for further descendants)

Literally “Sabine weed”, due to the abundance of the shrub in the Sabine territory; an epithet that later had no significance to the vulgar, hence stood alone for tree. Note also catanum (“Juniperus oxycedra”) borrowed from Sabine. sappīnus has nothing to do with this term.


tamarindus

tamarindus m (genitive tamarindī); second declension

tamarindī (genitive)
tamarindus (nominative singular)
tamarindī (nominative plural)
tamarindī (genitive singular)
tamarindōrum (genitive plural)
tamarindō (dative singular)
tamarindīs (dative plural)
tamarindum (accusative singular)
tamarindōs (accusative plural)
tamarindō (ablative singular)
tamarindīs (ablative plural)
tamarinde (singular vocative)
tamarindī (plural vocative)

desctree

→ Old French: tamarinde
→ Italian: tamarindo
→ German: Tamarinde
→ Danish: tamarinde
→ Dutch: tamarinde
Middle French: tamarinde, tamarin
French: tamarin
→ Middle English: thamarynde, tamarinde, tamarynde, tamarindi
English: tamarind

→ Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: tamarindo

desc

Portuguese: tamarindo, tamarinho, tambarino, tamarina

→ Russian: тамари́нд (tamarínd)

→ Spanish: tamarindo

→? Japanese: タマリンド

→ Swedish: tamarind

→? Finnish: tamarindi

→ Ukrainian: тамари́нд (tamarýnd)

[t̪ämäˈrɪn̪d̪ʊs̠]

Borrowed from Arabic تَمْر هِنْدِيّ (tamr hindiyy).

bor+

تَمْر هِنْدِيّ


chamaepitys

la-noun

chamaepitys f (genitive chamaepityos); third declension

chamaepityos (genitive)
chamaepitys (nominative singular)
chamaepityēs (nominative plural)
chamaepityos (genitive singular)
chamaepityum (genitive plural)
chamaepityī (dative singular)
chamaepityibus (dative plural)
chamaepityn (accusative singular)
chamaepityēs (accusative plural)
chamaepitye (ablative singular)
chamaepityibus (ablative plural)
chamaepity (singular vocative)
chamaepityēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: chamaepitys, Chamaepitys

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χαμαίπιτυς (khamaípitus).


myrobalanum

la-noun

myrobalanum n (genitive myrobalanī); second declension

myrobalanī (genitive)
myrobalanum (nominative singular)
myrobalana (nominative plural)
myrobalanī (genitive singular)
myrobalanōrum (genitive plural)
myrobalanō (dative singular)
myrobalanīs (dative plural)
myrobalanum (accusative singular)
myrobalana (accusative plural)
myrobalanō (ablative singular)
myrobalanīs (ablative plural)
myrobalanum (singular vocative)
myrobalana (plural vocative)

→ English: myrobalan

→ French: myrobalan (learned)

→ German: Myrobalane

desctree

Old French: mirabolan
Middle French: myrobolan, mirabolan, mirobolan
French: myrobolan
→ Catalan: mirabolà
→ Italian: mirabolano

Spanish: mirobálano

[mʏrɔˈbäɫ̪änʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μυροβάλανος (murobálanos).


lysimachia

la-noun

lȳsimachia f (genitive lȳsimachiae); first declension

lȳsimachia (canonical feminine)
lȳsimachiae (genitive)
lȳsimachia (nominative singular)
lȳsimachiae (nominative plural)
lȳsimachiae (genitive singular)
lȳsimachiārum (genitive plural)
lȳsimachiae (dative singular)
lȳsimachiīs (dative plural)
lȳsimachiam (accusative singular)
lȳsimachiās (accusative plural)
lȳsimachiā (ablative singular)
lȳsimachiīs (ablative plural)
lȳsimachia (singular vocative)
lȳsimachiae (plural vocative)

→ French: lysimaque

→ Translingual: Lysimachia

[lʲyːs̠ɪˈmäkʰiä]

From Ancient Greek λυσιμαχία (lusimakhía). According to Pliny the Elder, named for its discoverer Lysimachus.

[…] item Lysimachia pota vel inlita vel naribus indita, […]
1855–1857 translation by John Bostock and H. T. Riley

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 26.LXXXII

In such cases, lysimachia also is taken in drink, applied topically, or introduced into the nostrils; […]

Lythrum salicaria
Lythrum salicaria#Translingual

loosestrife: purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) or yellow loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris)