ami

From Ancient Greek ἄμι (ámi), itself probably from Egyptian.

Visnaga daucoides
Visnaga daucoides#Translingual

bisnaga (Visnaga daucoides, syn. Ammi visnaga)


ros

la-noun

rōs m (genitive rōris); third declension

rōs (canonical masculine)
rōris (genitive)
rōs (nominative singular)
rōrēs (nominative plural)
rōris (genitive singular)
rōrum (genitive plural)
rōrī (dative singular)
rōribus (dative plural)
rōrem (accusative singular)
rōrēs (accusative plural)
rōre (ablative singular)
rōribus (ablative plural)
rōs (singular vocative)
rōrēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: aroauã

Romanian: rouă

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: ros

→ Sardinian: arròsu

Occitan: ròs, arròs

Vulgar Latin:

⇒ *rōsāta (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ English: rore ⇒ rory

→ Middle French: rore

⇒ French: rorique

Esperanto: roso

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁roseh₂ (“dew”), itself possibly a derivative of *h₁ers- (“to flow”). Cognate with Sanskrit रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”), Ancient Greek ἐξεράω (exeráō, “pour out”), Lithuanian rasà (“dew”), Serbo-Croatian rosa／роса (“dew”).

cog

690–750, Excerpta ex libro glossarum published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum V page 179, 6

Cytisus is a kind of tree like juniper a sweet-smelling herb, greener and hardly serving the bees in comparison to furzes and rosemary.

Citisum genus arboris quasi catanum erba odoribera uergilius et uix humiles apibus casias rorem que

Salvia rosmarinus
Salvia rosmarinus#Translingual

Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosmarinus officinalis#Translingual

rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus, syn. Rosmarinus officinalis)


alium

la-noun

ālium n (genitive āliī or ālī); second declension

ālium (canonical neuter)
āliī (genitive)
ālī (genitive)
ālium (nominative singular)
ālia (nominative plural)
āliī (genitive singular)
ālī (genitive singular)
āliōrum (genitive plural)
āliō (dative singular)
āliīs (dative plural)
ālium (accusative singular)
ālia (accusative plural)
āliō (ablative singular)
āliīs (ablative plural)
ālium (singular vocative)
ālia (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance

Aromanian: alj, aljiu

Megleno-Romanian: al'

Romanian: ai

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: aggio

Piedmontese: aj

Romagnol: àj

Italo-Dalmatian

Corsican: aglia

Dalmatian: ail

Italian: aglio

Neapolitan: aglio

Tarantino: aglie

Sicilian: agghia

Old French:

desctree

French: ail
Haitian Creole: lay (from l’ail)
Mauritian Creole: lay (from l’ail)
Moore: lay (from l’ail)

Picard: al

Walloon: a

Old Occitan:

Catalan: all

Occitan: alh

Rhaeto-Romance

Friulian: ai

Romansch: agl

Sardinian: àllu, azu

Campidanese: allu

Venetian: ajo

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: allo

Asturian: ayu

Old Galician-Portuguese: alho
Galician: allo
Portuguese: alho (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: ajo (see there for further descendants)

Unknown according to de Vaan (2008). May be connected to āla (“wing”), on the image of the garlic bulb being divided into "wings"; for a similar derivation from garlic being "cloven" cf. the etymology of German Knoblauch (“garlic”). It has also been compared with the Greek gloss of ἄλλην (állēn) as 'vegetables' "among the Italians", which may stem from another Italic language, and if so, has no direct bearing on the etymological consideration of Latin ālium.
Based only on the form allium, Kroonen (2012) suggests that it may be a borrowing from the root of Ancient Greek ἄγλις (áglis), specifically via a byform *adlī-. See the Ancient Greek entry for more.
According to Roberts, from Proto-Indo-European *ālu- (“bitter plant”).

unk

Unknown


carota

la-noun

carōta f (genitive carōtae); first declension

carōta (canonical feminine)
carōtae (genitive)
carōta (nominative singular)
carōtae (nominative plural)
carōtae (genitive singular)
carōtārum (genitive plural)
carōtae (dative singular)
carōtīs (dative plural)
carōtam (accusative singular)
carōtās (accusative plural)
carōtā (ablative singular)
carōtīs (ablative plural)
carōta (singular vocative)
carōtae (plural vocative)

Middle French: carotte (see there for further descendants)

Italian: carota

Romanian: carotă

Romansch: carota, carotta

Sicilian: carrota

Maltese: carrota

→ Albanian: karotë

→ Polish: karota

From Ancient Greek καρωτόν (karōtón, “carrot”), a diminutive of κᾰρώ (karṓ, “caraway”), possibly derived from κάρᾱ (kárā, “head”) or from Pre-Greek. Related to carum.


cepa

la-noun

cēpa f (genitive cēpae); first declension

cēpa (canonical feminine)
cēpae (genitive)
cēpa (nominative singular)
cēpae (nominative plural)
cēpae (genitive singular)
cēpārum (genitive plural)
cēpae (dative singular)
cēpīs (dative plural)
cēpam (accusative singular)
cēpās (accusative plural)
cēpā (ablative singular)
cēpīs (ablative plural)
cēpa (singular vocative)
cēpae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: tseapã

Romanian: ceapă

→ Albanian: qepë

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: ceba

Occitan: ceba

Old French: cive (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→⇒ English: cepaceous

→ Old English: ciepe

A borrowing from an unknown, possibly Anatolian source, cf. Hesychian Ancient Greek κάπια (kápia, “onions”) claimed for Ceryneia and the complex of Arabic قُبَّعَة (qubbaʕa, “bulbous hat”). Given the borrowing of Proto-Slavic *lukъ (“onion”), it is probable that the Italians at the date of their expansion also only knew ramsons, as a kind of ālium. At least it is known that spring onion was only introduced in the modern period from China, while the bulb onion is also Asiatic, such that ancient Africa knew the cultivated onion only in the north, by generic names like Egyptian ḥḏw, it having expanded beyond the Great Desert only by the Arabs under their name بَصَل (baṣal).

unk

unknown


laserpicium

la-noun

lāserpīcium n (genitive lāserpīciī or lāserpīcī); second declension

lāserpīcium (canonical neuter)
lāserpīciī (genitive)
lāserpīcī (genitive)
lāserpīcium (nominative singular)
lāserpīcia (nominative plural)
lāserpīciī (genitive singular)
lāserpīcī (genitive singular)
lāserpīciōrum (genitive plural)
lāserpīciō (dative singular)
lāserpīciīs (dative plural)
lāserpīcium (accusative singular)
lāserpīcia (accusative plural)
lāserpīciō (ablative singular)
lāserpīciīs (ablative plural)
lāserpīcium (singular vocative)
lāserpīcia (plural vocative)

Translingual: Laserpitium

[ɫ̪äːs̠ɛrˈpiːkiʊ̃ˑ]

resin similar to asafoetida, obtained during Antiquity from an unidentified plant called silphium, probably close to the genus of plants Laserpitium.


anethum

anēthum n (genitive anēthī); second declension

anēthum (canonical neuter)
anēthī (genitive)
anēthum (nominative singular)
anētha (nominative plural)
anēthī (genitive singular)
anēthōrum (genitive plural)
anēthō (dative singular)
anēthīs (dative plural)
anēthum (accusative singular)
anētha (accusative plural)
anēthō (ablative singular)
anēthīs (ablative plural)
anēthum (singular vocative)
anētha (plural vocative)

→ Italian: aneto

→ Middle French: anet, annet

French: anet, aneth

desc

Middle English: anet, anete, annet, annete

English: anet

Early Scots: anet, anat, anethe, annat, annet, annot, ennet

Scots: anet

→ Old Catalan: anet

Catalan: anet

→ Old Occitan: anet

Occitan: anet

→ Portuguese: aneto

→ Spanish: aneto

*anētulum

Portuguese: endro

Old Spanish: aneldo

Spanish: eneldo

Translingual: Anethum

[äˈneːt̪ʰʊ̃ˑ]


apium

la-noun

apium n (genitive apiī or apī); second declension

apiī (genitive)
apī (genitive)
apium (nominative singular)
apia (nominative plural)
apiī (genitive singular)
apī (genitive singular)
apiōrum (genitive plural)
apiō (dative singular)
apiīs (dative plural)
apium (accusative singular)
apia (accusative plural)
apiō (ablative singular)
apiīs (ablative plural)
apium (singular vocative)
apia (plural vocative)

Translingual: Apium

Catalan: api

Galician: apio

Italian: appio, apiolo

Occitan: api

Old French: ache

→ English: ach

Neapolitan: accio

Portuguese: aipo

Romanian: achiu

Sardinian: àpiu, àppiu

Sicilian: accia

Spanish: apio

→ Cebuano: apyo

→ Ladino: apyo

→ Tagalog: apyo

→ Proto-West Germanic: *api (see there for further descendants)

From apis (“bee”) because of bees' perceived inclination towards the plant.


menta

menta f (genitive mentae); first declension

mentae (genitive)
menta (nominative singular)
mentae (nominative plural)
mentae (genitive singular)
mentārum (genitive plural)
mentae (dative singular)
mentīs (dative plural)
mentam (accusative singular)
mentās (accusative plural)
mentā (ablative singular)
mentīs (ablative plural)
menta (singular vocative)
mentae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: menta

→ Cimbrian: menta

→ Galician: menta

→ Greek: μέντα (ménta)

→ Hungarian: menta

→ Italian: menta

Old French:

desctree

French: menthe
Haitian Creole: mant
→ Romanian: mentă

Norman: menthe

→? Old Irish: minntus

Irish: miontas

→ Portuguese: menta

→ Proto-Slavic: *męta (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *mintā (see there for further descendants)

→ Sicilian: menta

→ Spanish: menta

From Ancient Greek μῐ́νθη (mínthē), ultimately most likely a loan-word from an extinct (substrate) Mediterranean/south European language. See Armenian մանդակ (mandak) for more.

an tibi quondam femineos artus in olentes vertere mentas, […]


cicuta

la-noun

cicūta f (genitive cicūtae); first declension

cicūta (canonical feminine)
cicūtae (genitive)
cicūta (nominative singular)
cicūtae (nominative plural)
cicūtae (genitive singular)
cicūtārum (genitive plural)
cicūtae (dative singular)
cicūtīs (dative plural)
cicūtam (accusative singular)
cicūtās (accusative plural)
cicūtā (ablative singular)
cicūtīs (ablative plural)
cicūta (singular vocative)
cicūtae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cucutã

Romanian: cucută

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cicuta

Sicilian: cicuta

North-Italian:

Piedmontese: sùa

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: acecuta

Catalan: ceguda

Gascon: cecuta, ciguda, ceguda

Old French: cëue, cegue

French: ciguë, (dialectal) çue, ceüe

Occitan: ciguda

Vivaro-Alpine: cigüa

Norman: chue, cheüe

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: cegude, cigude

Portuguese: cegude, cigude

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: kukutë

desc

→ Andalusian Arabic: جقوطة (čuqūṭa, čaqūṭa)

→ Catalan: cicuta

→ Galician: cicuta

→ Greek: κικούτα (kikoúta), κιρκούτα (kirkoúta)

→ Portuguese: cicuta

→ Russian: цику́та (cikúta)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̀кута

Latin script: kùkuta

→ Spanish: cicuta

→ Translingual: Cicuta

From the same substrate source as English kex, Cornish cegas, and Welsh cegid (“hemlock”).

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual

Cicuta virosa
Cicuta virosa#Translingual

a plant, poison hemlock, probably either Conium maculatum or Cicuta virosa

the juice of the hemlock given to prisoners as poison


abiga

la-noun

abiga f (genitive abigae); first declension

abigae (genitive)
abiga (nominative singular)
abigae (nominative plural)
abigae (genitive singular)
abigārum (genitive plural)
abigae (dative singular)
abigīs (dative plural)
abigam (accusative singular)
abigās (accusative plural)
abigā (ablative singular)
abigīs (ablative plural)
abiga (singular vocative)
abigae (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Ajuga

From abigō (“force birth, cause an abortion”).

c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 24.29

Ajuga chamaepitys
Ajuga chamaepitys#Translingual

a flowering plant known as yellow bugle or Ajuga chamaepitys used in medicine to induce an abortion.


zingiberi

→ Translingual: Zingiber, Zingiberales

Italo-Romance:

Italian: zenzero (see there for further descendants)

Sicilian: gènciru, zenzeru

Padanian:

Friulian: zenzar

Old Lombard: çençauro

Old Ligurian: zenzavro

Piedmontese: zenser

Venetian: xènxaro

Gallo-Romance:

Old Catalan: gingebre
Catalan: gingebre

Old French: gingembre (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: gingibre (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Hungarian: gyömbér (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *gingiberō (see there for further descendants)

[d̪͡z̪ɪŋˈɡɪbɛrɪ]

From Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), from a Dravidian language; compare Proto-Dravidian *cinkiwēr (“ginger”), Old Tamil 𑀇𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺 (iñci, “ginger”) + 𑀯𑁂𑀭𑁆 (vēr, “root”) (modern Tamil இஞ்சி (iñci, “ginger”) + வேர் (vēr, “root”)).


sagapenum

sagapēnum n (genitive sagapēnī); second declension

sagapēnum (canonical neuter)
sagapēnī (genitive)
sagapēnum (nominative singular)
sagapēna (nominative plural)
sagapēnī (genitive singular)
sagapēnōrum (genitive plural)
sagapēnō (dative singular)
sagapēnīs (dative plural)
sagapēnum (accusative singular)
sagapēna (accusative plural)
sagapēnō (ablative singular)
sagapēnīs (ablative plural)
sagapēnum (singular vocative)
sagapēna (plural vocative)

[s̠äɡäˈpeːnʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek σαγάπηνον (sagápēnon), from Arabic سَكْبِينَج (sakbīnaj), from Persian سَكْبِينَهٌ.

der

Persian سَكْبِينَهٌ


acinos

la-noun

acinos f (genitive acinī); second declension

acinī (genitive)
acinos (nominative singular)
acinī (nominative plural)
acinī (genitive singular)
acinōrum (genitive plural)
acinō (dative singular)
acinīs (dative plural)
acinon (accusative singular)
acinōs (accusative plural)
acinō (ablative singular)
acinīs (ablative plural)
acine (singular vocative)
acinī (plural vocative)

Spanish: alcino

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄκινος (ákinos).


marum

marum n (genitive marī); second declension

marī (genitive)
marum (nominative singular)
mara (nominative plural)
marī (genitive singular)
marōrum (genitive plural)
marō (dative singular)
marīs (dative plural)
marum (accusative singular)
mara (accusative plural)
marō (ablative singular)
marīs (ablative plural)
marum (singular vocative)
mara (plural vocative)

Spanish: maro

Portuguese: maro

→ Translingual: Marum, Teucrium marum

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μᾶρον (mâron), from Aramaic מַרְוָא / ܡܲܪܘܵܐ (marwā, “Origanum syriacum syn. Origanum maru”), an important ritual herb (☞ explained by Löw), from Middle Persian [script needed] (mlc' /marw/), related to Sanskrit मरुव (maruva, “marjoram”). Also found in Arabic مَرْو (marw, “fragrant herbs; pebbles; quartz”), مَرْدَقُوش (mardaqūš, “marjoram”).

der

Aramaic מַרְוָא

cog

A kind of plant, cat thyme Teucrium marum


hysopum

la-noun

hȳsōpum n (genitive hȳsōpī); second declension

hȳsōpum (canonical neuter)
hȳsōpī (genitive)
hȳsōpum (nominative singular)
hȳsōpa (nominative plural)
hȳsōpī (genitive singular)
hȳsōpōrum (genitive plural)
hȳsōpō (dative singular)
hȳsōpīs (dative plural)
hȳsōpum (accusative singular)
hȳsōpa (accusative plural)
hȳsōpō (ablative singular)
hȳsōpīs (ablative plural)
hȳsōpum (singular vocative)
hȳsōpa (plural vocative)

Medieval Latin: hȳsōpus

→ Catalan: hisop

→ Old French: ysope

French: hysope

→ Italian: issopo

→ Occitan: isòp

→ Portuguese: hissopo

→ Spanish: hisopo

→ Old English: ȳsōpe

Middle English: īsōpe

English: hyssop

→ Czech: yzop

→ Old High German: hysop

Old High German: isopo, isipo

Middle High German: isôpe, ysôpe

German: Isope, Ysope, Ysop

Piedmontese: issòp, isòp

→ Polish: hyzop

→ Slovak: yzop

[hyːˈs̠oːpʊ̃ˑ]


amomum

amōmum n (genitive amōmī); second declension

amōmum (canonical neuter)
amōmī (genitive)
amōmum (nominative singular)
amōma (nominative plural)
amōmī (genitive singular)
amōmōrum (genitive plural)
amōmō (dative singular)
amōmīs (dative plural)
amōmum (accusative singular)
amōma (accusative plural)
amōmō (ablative singular)
amōmīs (ablative plural)
amōmum (singular vocative)
amōma (plural vocative)

Catalan: amom

French: amome

Galician: amomo

Italian: amomo

Portuguese: amomo

Spanish: amomo

Translingual: Amomum

→ English: amomum


satureia

saturēia f (genitive saturēiae); first declension

saturēia (canonical feminine)
saturēiae (genitive)
saturēia (nominative singular)
saturēiae (nominative plural)
saturēiae (genitive singular)
saturēiārum (genitive plural)
saturēiae (dative singular)
saturēiīs (dative plural)
saturēiam (accusative singular)
saturēiās (accusative plural)
saturēiā (ablative singular)
saturēiīs (ablative plural)
saturēia (singular vocative)
saturēiae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: santoreggia

North-Italian:

Piedmontese: srèa, srèja, serèa

Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: saborea

Catalan: sajolida

→ Spanish: saldorija (Murcian)

Old French: sarriee, savereie

⇒ French: sarriette

→? Spanish: sarilla

Occitan: sadrèia

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: segorella, segurella

Portuguese: segurelha

Borrowings:

desc

→ Andalusian Arabic: اشترية (aš-šaṭríyya)

→ Aragonese: xadrea

→ Spanish: jedrea, ajedrea

→ Middle English: saverey

English: savory

→ Italian: satureia

→ Translingual: Satureja

→ Proto-West Germanic: *saþurejā (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. See Arabic زَعْتَر (zaʕtar) for more.


marrubium

la-noun

marrubium n (genitive marrubiī or marrubī); second declension

marrubiī (genitive)
marrubī (genitive)
marrubium (nominative singular)
marrubia (nominative plural)
marrubiī (genitive singular)
marrubī (genitive singular)
marrubiōrum (genitive plural)
marrubiō (dative singular)
marrubiīs (dative plural)
marrubium (accusative singular)
marrubia (accusative plural)
marrubiō (ablative singular)
marrubiīs (ablative plural)
marrubium (singular vocative)
marrubia (plural vocative)

Translingual: Marrubium

Catalan: malrubí, marrubí, marreu

Italian: marrubio

Spanish: marrubio

Said to be unknown, but since it is a bitter plant the first part of it is easily identifiable as the Semitic word for “bitter”, Arabic مُرّ (murr) etc., unless it is the same word as treated under مَرْو (marw, “fragrant herbs”) ex Aramaic מַרְוָא / ܡܲܪܘܵܐ (marwā, “Origanum syriacum syn. Origanum maru”), whence Latin marum.

cog

Aramaic מַרְוָא

horehound, a herb used against respiratory maladies


cepulla

la-noun

cēpulla f (genitive cēpullae); first declension

cēpulla (canonical feminine)
cēpullae (genitive)
cēpulla (nominative singular)
cēpullae (nominative plural)
cēpullae (genitive singular)
cēpullārum (genitive plural)
cēpullae (dative singular)
cēpullīs (dative plural)
cēpullam (accusative singular)
cēpullās (accusative plural)
cēpullā (ablative singular)
cēpullīs (ablative plural)
cēpulla (singular vocative)
cēpullae (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

capula, capul, capuola, capaula

Italo-Romance:

Italian: cipolla

→ Slavomolisano: čipula

Neapolitan: cepolla, cepodda

Sicilian: cipudda

Calabrese: cipuja, cipura

North Italian:

desc

Emilian: sigula, sigòla, sivòla, scigula, sgula, svòla

Friulian: civole, cevole

Ligurian: çiòula, çevolla, çèula, çeolla, çiòla

Lombard: sigola, scigola, higola, sìgola

Piedmontese: siola, sciola, sigola, sivola

Romagnol: sòla, suòla

Romansch: tschagula, tschaguola, tschavola, tschiguolla

Venetian: séoła, ségoła, séola, zéoła, ziola, zhéoła, zivola — Fiumano

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: cevôla (“scallion”), ceôla (“onion”)

Valdôtain: çòula, çaule

Old Northern French: chibole

desctree

→ Middle English: chibolle, chebolle, chiboll, chibol, chesbolle
English: cibol, chibol
Scots: sybol

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cibolla (“onionweed”) (Balearic)

⇒ Catalan: ceboller (“mole cricket”)

Old Occitan: cebola, cibola

→ French: ciboule

Occitan: cebola (“scallion”)

Auvergnat: cebola (“onion”)

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: cebolla

Old Galician-Portuguese: cebola
Fala: cebola
Galician: cebola
Portuguese: cebola (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: cebolla
Ladino: sevoya
Spanish: cebolla (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: chibudda

→ Basque: tipula

→ Belarusian: цыбу́ля (cybúlja)

→ Czech: cibule

→ Proto-West Germanic: *cibollā (see there for further descendants)

→ Polish: cebula (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̀пула/kàpula

→ Slovak: cibuľa

→ Slovene: čebula

From less common cēpula + -la or syncopated -ula, cēpula itself being cēpa (“onion”) + -ula, that makes cēpa + -ula + -la or cēpa + -ula + -ula.


amaracus

la-noun

amāracus m (genitive amāracī); second declension

amāracus (canonical masculine)
amāracī (genitive)
amāracus (nominative singular)
amāracī (nominative plural)
amāracī (genitive singular)
amāracōrum (genitive plural)
amāracō (dative singular)
amāracīs (dative plural)
amāracum (accusative singular)
amāracōs (accusative plural)
amāracō (ablative singular)
amāracīs (ablative plural)
amārace (singular vocative)
amāracī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: amàrac (learned)

From Ancient Greek ἀμάρακος (amárakos), ἀμάρακον (amárakon). Possible doublet of marathrum, marum, marrubium, and maiōrana.

doublet

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual


ammoniacum

la-noun

ammōniacum n (genitive ammōniacī); second declension

ammōniacum (canonical neuter)
ammōniacī (genitive)
ammōniacum (nominative singular)
ammōniaca (nominative plural)
ammōniacī (genitive singular)
ammōniacōrum (genitive plural)
ammōniacō (dative singular)
ammōniacīs (dative plural)
ammōniacum (accusative singular)
ammōniaca (accusative plural)
ammōniacō (ablative singular)
ammōniacīs (ablative plural)
ammōniacum (singular vocative)
ammōniaca (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀμμωνιακόν (ammōniakón) and neuter of ammōniacus from Ammōn.

أُشَّق أشق#Arabic


pulegium

pūlegium n (genitive pūlegiī or pūlegī); second declension

pūlegium (canonical neuter)
pūlegiī (genitive)
pūlegī (genitive)
pūlegium (nominative singular)
pūlegia (nominative plural)
pūlegiī (genitive singular)
pūlegī (genitive singular)
pūlegiōrum (genitive plural)
pūlegiō (dative singular)
pūlegiīs (dative plural)
pūlegium (accusative singular)
pūlegia (accusative plural)
pūlegiō (ablative singular)
pūlegiīs (ablative plural)
pūlegium (singular vocative)
pūlegia (plural vocative)

Galician: poexo

Italian: poleggio, puleggio

Portuguese: poejo

Spanish: poleo

→ German: Polei

→ Polish: polej

→ Romanian: polei

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pūlegiolum

Catalan: poliol

Old French: puliol

French: pouliot

desc

→ Middle English: puliol, pulliolle, pulial, piliol, pilliol, pileol

English: puliol, puliall, puliol royall, puliall royall, pennyroyal (√ pūlēium rēgium)

Probably from pūlex (flea), due to its traditional use as a flea repellant.

Mentha pulegium
Mentha pulegium#Translingual


conium

la-noun

cōnīum n (genitive cōnīī); second declension

cōnīum (canonical neuter)
cōnīī (genitive)
cōnīum (nominative singular)
cōnīa (nominative plural)
cōnīī (genitive singular)
cōnīōrum (genitive plural)
cōnīō (dative singular)
cōnīīs (dative plural)
cōnīum (accusative singular)
cōnīa (accusative plural)
cōnīō (ablative singular)
cōnīīs (ablative plural)
cōnīum (singular vocative)
cōnīa (plural vocative)

→ Translingual: Conium

[koːˈniːʊ̃ˑ]


cunela

cunēla f (genitive cunēlae); first declension

cunēla (canonical feminine)
cunēlae (genitive)
cunēla (nominative singular)
cunēlae (nominative plural)
cunēlae (genitive singular)
cunēlārum (genitive plural)
cunēlae (dative singular)
cunēlīs (dative plural)
cunēlam (accusative singular)
cunēlās (accusative plural)
cunēlā (ablative singular)
cunēlīs (ablative plural)
cunēla (singular vocative)
cunēlae (plural vocative)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *kunilā (see there for further descendants)

A plant, probably oregano or a relative.


cotyla

cotyla f (genitive cotylae); first declension

cotylae (genitive)
cotyla (nominative singular)
cotylae (nominative plural)
cotylae (genitive singular)
cotylārum (genitive plural)
cotylae (dative singular)
cotylīs (dative plural)
cotylam (accusative singular)
cotylās (accusative plural)
cotylā (ablative singular)
cotylīs (ablative plural)
cotyla (singular vocative)
cotylae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: ciuturã

Italian: ciotola

Megleno-Romanian: ciutură

desctree

Romanian: ciutură
(some are from Aromanian)
→ Albanian: çotrë, çutrë, çuturë, çutër (obsolete)
→ Bulgarian: чу́тура (čútura)
→ Czech: čutora
→ Gagauz:
Cyrillic script: чотра
Latin script: çotra
→ Greek: τσότρα (tsótra), τσιότρα (tsiótra)
→ Hungarian: csutora
→ Macedonian: чутура (čutura)
→ Romanian: ciutură
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: чу̀тура
Latin script: čùtura
→ Slovak: čutora
→ Slovene: čútara
→ Ottoman Turkish: چوتوره (çotura), چوتره (çotura, çotra)
Turkish: çotra
→ Ukrainian: чуто́ра (čutóra), чіту́ра (čitúra) (Transcarpathian, archaic)

Sicilian: ciòtula

→ English: cotyle, cotyla

From Ancient Greek κοτύλη (kotúlē, “cup, half-pint”).

der

[…] Plantis etiam stercus das. Da etiam urinam, sodes: per quam earum febrem iudices. Stercus in illis ais esse modicum, & siccum. Iccirco bene olere. Etiamne Ballotae, aut Marrubium? Etiamne Spathula, quae a foetore cognomen adepta est? Etiamne illa, cui teterrimum obodorem, teterrima voce (auribus sit honor) à muliebribus pudendis, & eorum opere, duo nomina indiderunt? Ut omittam Cotulam, & alias multas. At, opinor, Arundines Moscho excellentius olent: quia parum in eis stercoris est, atque id siccum. Cantharides quia siccae non sunt, malè olent.

1557, Julius Caesar Scaliger, Exotericarum exercitationum liber XV. De Subtilitate ad Hieronymum Cardanum, Frankfurt, published 1582, page 675:

(New Latin) stinking chamomile (Anthemis cotula), an annual weed of strong, bitter, and disagreeable taste used in small quantities in infusions its for diaphoretic, stimulating, and tonic effects


daucum

la-noun

daucum n (genitive daucī); second declension

daucī (genitive)
daucum (nominative singular)
dauca (nominative plural)
daucī (genitive singular)
daucōrum (genitive plural)
daucō (dative singular)
daucīs (dative plural)
daucum (accusative singular)
dauca (accusative plural)
daucō (ablative singular)
daucīs (ablative plural)
daucum (singular vocative)
dauca (plural vocative)

[ˈd̪äu̯kʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek δαῦκον (daûkon), a variation of δαῦκος (daûkos).

several plants of the parsnip or carrot kind, often used in medicine


sisymbrium

sisymbrium n (genitive sisymbriī or sisymbrī); second declension

sisymbriī (genitive)
sisymbrī (genitive)
sisymbrium (nominative singular)
sisymbria (nominative plural)
sisymbriī (genitive singular)
sisymbrī (genitive singular)
sisymbriōrum (genitive plural)
sisymbriō (dative singular)
sisymbriīs (dative plural)
sisymbrium (accusative singular)
sisymbria (accusative plural)
sisymbriō (ablative singular)
sisymbriīs (ablative plural)
sisymbrium (singular vocative)
sisymbria (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek σισύμβριον (sisúmbrion).

any plant of the species Mentha aquatica, water mint


serpyllum

serpyllum n (genitive serpyllī); second declension

serpyllī (genitive)
serpyllum (nominative singular)
serpylla (nominative plural)
serpyllī (genitive singular)
serpyllōrum (genitive plural)
serpyllō (dative singular)
serpyllīs (dative plural)
serpyllum (accusative singular)
serpylla (accusative plural)
serpyllō (ablative singular)
serpyllīs (ablative plural)
serpyllum (singular vocative)
serpylla (plural vocative)

serpullum

Catalan: serpoll

Occitan: serpol

Spanish: serpol

*serpullellum

Italian: sermollino

Romanian: serpunél

serpillum

Italian: serpillo

From Ancient Greek ἕρπυλλος (hérpullos). This spelling is educated. In Old Latin the spelling serpullum was dominating, the Greek origin not being well known, and this form stays in speech up to Romance.


siser

siser n (genitive siseris); third declension

siseris (genitive)
siser (nominative singular)
siserēs (nominative plural)
siseris (genitive singular)
siserum (genitive plural)
siserī (dative singular)
siseribus (dative plural)
siser (accusative singular)
siserēs (accusative plural)
sisere (ablative singular)
siseribus (ablative plural)
siser (singular vocative)
siserēs (plural vocative)

la-ndecl

A non-neuter plural (masculine per Lewis and Short, feminine per Gaffiot) is found in Pliny.


marathrum

la-noun

marathrum n (genitive marathrī); second declension

marathrī (genitive)
marathrum (nominative singular)
marathra (nominative plural)
marathrī (genitive singular)
marathrōrum (genitive plural)
marathrō (dative singular)
marathrīs (dative plural)
marathrum (accusative singular)
marathra (accusative plural)
marathrō (ablative singular)
marathrīs (ablative plural)
marathrum (singular vocative)
marathra (plural vocative)

>? Romanian: mărar

desc

→? Old Church Slavonic: молотрь (molotrĭ)

>? Dalmatian:

→ Serbo-Croatian: mȍtar (“sea fennel”)

From Ancient Greek μάραθρον (márathron), μάραθον (márathon).


thymbra

la-noun

thymbra f (genitive thymbrae); first declension

thymbrae (genitive)
thymbra (nominative singular)
thymbrae (nominative plural)
thymbrae (genitive singular)
thymbrārum (genitive plural)
thymbrae (dative singular)
thymbrīs (dative plural)
thymbram (accusative singular)
thymbrās (accusative plural)
thymbrā (ablative singular)
thymbrīs (ablative plural)
thymbra (singular vocative)
thymbrae (plural vocative)

Satureja hortensis
Satureja hortensis#Translingual


seselis

seselis f (genitive seselis); third declension

seselis (genitive)
seselis (nominative singular)
seselēs (nominative plural)
seselis (genitive singular)
seselium (genitive plural)
seselī (dative singular)
seselibus (dative plural)
seselem (accusative singular)
seselēs (accusative plural)
seselīs (accusative plural)
sesele (ablative singular)
seselibus (ablative plural)
seselis (singular vocative)
seselēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: Seseli

Borrowed from Ancient Greek σέσελις (séselis).

saxifrage, hartwort, seseli (likely including a hotchpotch of Apiaceae, of the genera Seseli, Tordylium, Bupleurum, Saxifraga, no more and no less than the Greek name)


tordylion

tordȳlion n (genitive tordȳliī); second declension

tordȳlion (canonical neuter)
tordȳliī (genitive)
tordȳlion (nominative singular)
tordȳlia (nominative plural)
tordȳliī (genitive singular)
tordȳliōrum (genitive plural)
tordȳliō (dative singular)
tordȳliīs (dative plural)
tordȳlion (accusative singular)
tordȳlia (accusative plural)
tordȳliō (ablative singular)
tordȳliīs (ablative plural)
tordȳlion (singular vocative)
tordȳlia (plural vocative)

Translingual: Tordylium

Borrowed from Ancient Greek τορδῡ́λιον (tordū́lion), alternative form of τόρδῡλον (tórdūlon).


lamium

lamium n (genitive lamiī or lamī); second declension

lamiī (genitive)
lamī (genitive)
lamium (nominative singular)
lamia (nominative plural)
lamiī (genitive singular)
lamī (genitive singular)
lamiōrum (genitive plural)
lamiō (dative singular)
lamiīs (dative plural)
lamium (accusative singular)
lamia (accusative plural)
lamiō (ablative singular)
lamiīs (ablative plural)
lamium (singular vocative)
lamia (plural vocative)

Translingual: Lamium


horminum

hormīnum n (genitive hormīnī); second declension

hormīnum (canonical neuter)
hormīnī (genitive)
hormīnum (nominative singular)
hormīna (nominative plural)
hormīnī (genitive singular)
hormīnōrum (genitive plural)
hormīnō (dative singular)
hormīnīs (dative plural)
hormīnum (accusative singular)
hormīna (accusative plural)
hormīnō (ablative singular)
hormīnīs (ablative plural)
hormīnum (singular vocative)
hormīna (plural vocative)

Catalan: ormí


bugillo

būgillō m (genitive būgillōnis); third declension

būgillō (canonical masculine)
būgillōnis (genitive)
būgillō (nominative singular)
būgillōnēs (nominative plural)
būgillōnis (genitive singular)
būgillōnum (genitive plural)
būgillōnī (dative singular)
būgillōnibus (dative plural)
būgillōnem (accusative singular)
būgillōnēs (accusative plural)
būgillōne (ablative singular)
būgillōnibus (ablative plural)
būgillō (singular vocative)
būgillōnēs (plural vocative)

[buːˈɡɪlːʲoː]

unk

Unclear

Ajuga reptans
Ajuga reptans#Translingual

bugle (plant of the species Ajuga reptans)


corissum

la-noun

corissum n (genitive corissī); second declension

corissī (genitive)
corissum (nominative singular)
corissa (nominative plural)
corissī (genitive singular)
corissōrum (genitive plural)
corissō (dative singular)
corissīs (dative plural)
corissum (accusative singular)
corissa (accusative plural)
corissō (ablative singular)
corissīs (ablative plural)
corissum (singular vocative)
corissa (plural vocative)


sirpe

sirpe n (genitive sirpis); third declension

sirpis (genitive)
sirpe (nominative singular)
sirpia (nominative plural)
sirpis (genitive singular)
sirpium (genitive plural)
sirpī (dative singular)
sirpibus (dative plural)
sirpe (accusative singular)
sirpia (accusative plural)
sirpī (ablative singular)
sirpibus (ablative plural)
sirpe (singular vocative)
sirpia (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: sherp

Related to Ancient Greek σίλφιον (sílphion).


sclareia

sclarēia f (genitive sclarēiae); first declension

sclarēia (canonical feminine)
sclarēiae (genitive)
sclarēia (nominative singular)
sclarēiae (nominative plural)
sclarēiae (genitive singular)
sclarēiārum (genitive plural)
sclarēiae (dative singular)
sclarēiīs (dative plural)
sclarēiam (accusative singular)
sclarēiās (accusative plural)
sclarēiā (ablative singular)
sclarēiīs (ablative plural)
sclarēia (singular vocative)
sclarēiae (plural vocative)

Italo-Western Romance:

q

Italian: scarleggia (archaic), schiarea, scarlea ⇒ sclarea (metathesis, perhaps via Latin influence, or simply borrowed from Latin)

Lombard: scarleza, sclareza

Venetian: scarlegia, scarleza

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: iscrareja (Nuorese), usciareu (Logudorese), scraria (Campidanese)

→ French: sclarée

→? Old French: sclaree

→ Middle English: clarie

English: clary

→ Proto-West Germanic: *skarlejā

→ Proto-West Germanic: *sklaregā

→ Portuguese: esclarea

→ Spanish: esclarea

From earlier hastula rēgia (“asphodel plant”) via loss of /h/, aphaeresis of the first /a/, syncope of /u/, dissimilation of /tl/ to /kl/, and merger of intervocalic /ɡj/ with /j/ (not necessarily all in that order). Attested in an appendix to Gargilius (which may represent a late interpolation) as well as a variety of ninth-century works. The semantic change may be due to the resemblance of the floral spikes of the clary sage to those of the asphodel.

(Late Latin?, Medieval Latin) clary sage


ocimum

la-noun

ōcimum n (genitive ōcimī); second declension

ōcimum (canonical neuter)
ōcimī (genitive)
ōcimum (nominative singular)
ōcima (nominative plural)
ōcimī (genitive singular)
ōcimōrum (genitive plural)
ōcimō (dative singular)
ōcimīs (dative plural)
ōcimum (accusative singular)
ōcima (accusative plural)
ōcimō (ablative singular)
ōcimīs (ablative plural)
ōcimum (singular vocative)
ōcima (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὤκιμον (ṓkimon).

[…] Ī nunc,
'Dīnomachēs ego sum' sufflā, 'sum candidus.' Estō,
dum nē dēterius sapiat pannūcia Baucis,

Go now,
puff yourself up, 'I am the son of Dinomache, I am shining.' Be then,
while only wizened Baucis has worse sense than you,
when she nicely sings her basils to some ragged slave.

cum bene discīnctō cantāverit ōcima vernae.


caerefolium

caerefolium n (genitive caerefoliī or caerefolī); second declension

caerefoliī (genitive)
caerefolī (genitive)
caerefolium (nominative singular)
caerefolia (nominative plural)
caerefoliī (genitive singular)
caerefolī (genitive singular)
caerefoliōrum (genitive plural)
caerefoliō (dative singular)
caerefoliīs (dative plural)
caerefolium (accusative singular)
caerefolia (accusative plural)
caerefoliō (ablative singular)
caerefoliīs (ablative plural)
caerefolium (singular vocative)
caerefolia (plural vocative)

Catalan: cerfull

French: cerfeuil

Italian: cerfoglio

Anglo-Norman: chervele

desctree

→ Middle English: chervell, cherefelle, charville, charwelle, chervyl
English: chervil

Norman: cherfeu

Norman: chèrfi (Jèrriais)

Occitan: cerfuèlh

Spanish: cerefolio

[käe̯rɛˈfɔlʲiʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek χαιρέφυλλον (khairéphullon).

der

Anthriscus cerefolium
Anthriscus cerefolium#Translingual


elelisphacos

la-noun

elelisphacos m (genitive elelisphacī); second declension

elelisphacī (genitive)
elelisphacos (nominative singular)
elelisphacī (nominative plural)
elelisphacī (genitive singular)
elelisphacōrum (genitive plural)
elelisphacō (dative singular)
elelisphacīs (dative plural)
elelisphacon (accusative singular)
elelisphacōs (accusative plural)
elelisphacō (ablative singular)
elelisphacīs (ablative plural)
elelisphace (singular vocative)
elelisphacī (plural vocative)

[ɛɫ̪ɛˈlʲɪs̠pʰäkɔs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐλελίσφακος (elelísphakos).

bor

kind of sage, perhaps Greek sage (Salvia fruticosa)


buselinum

la-noun

būselīnum n (genitive būselīnī); second declension

būselīnum (canonical neuter)
būselīnī (genitive)
būselīnum (nominative singular)
būselīna (nominative plural)
būselīnī (genitive singular)
būselīnōrum (genitive plural)
būselīnō (dative singular)
būselīnīs (dative plural)
būselīnum (accusative singular)
būselīna (accusative plural)
būselīnō (ablative singular)
būselīnīs (ablative plural)
būselīnum (singular vocative)
būselīna (plural vocative)

[buːs̠ɛˈlʲiːnʊ̃ˑ]

From Ancient Greek βουσέλινον (bousélinon).

Cretan alexanders (Smyrnium perfoliatum)


chamaepitys

chamaepitys f (genitive chamaepityos); third declension

chamaepityos (genitive)
chamaepitys (nominative singular)
chamaepityēs (nominative plural)
chamaepityos (genitive singular)
chamaepityum (genitive plural)
chamaepityī (dative singular)
chamaepityibus (dative plural)
chamaepityn (accusative singular)
chamaepityēs (accusative plural)
chamaepitye (ablative singular)
chamaepityibus (ablative plural)
chamaepity (singular vocative)
chamaepityēs (plural vocative)

Translingual: chamaepitys, Chamaepitys

Borrowed from Ancient Greek χαμαίπιτυς (khamaípitus).


febrifugia

desctree

Old English: feferfuge
English: feverfew

febris (“fever”) + fugō (“I drive away”)