verres

la-noun

verrēs m (genitive verris); third declension

verrēs (canonical masculine)
verris (genitive)
verrēs (nominative singular)
verrēs (nominative plural)
verris (genitive singular)
verrium (genitive plural)
verrī (dative singular)
verribus (dative plural)
verrem (accusative singular)
verrēs (accusative plural)
verrīs (accusative plural)
verre (ablative singular)
verribus (ablative plural)
verrēs (singular vocative)
verrēs (plural vocative)

Old French: ver

⇒ French: verrat

⇒ Norman: véthot

Romanian: vier

Romansch: ver, verr, vier

desc

Sardinian: berre, berri, erri, erre, verre

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrācus

⇒ Asturian: bracu

⇒ Spanish: verraco

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrea

Spanish: birria

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrōne(m)

Portuguese: barrão, varrão

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *verrus

Catalan: verro, verre, verri

Friulian: viru

Italian: verro

Sicilian: verru

[ˈu̯ɛrːeːs̠]

From Proto-Italic *wersēn, from Proto-Indo-European *wérsēn (“male animal”). The nominative singular and the i-stem declension pattern are analogous; a more logical development would have been verrēn as the form used in the nominative and vocative singular cases with the base being verrin-. Cognates include Sanskrit वृषन् (vṛ́ṣan), वृष (vṛṣa), Ancient Greek ἄρσην (ársēn) and Lithuanian ver̃šis.


taurus

la-noun

taurus m (genitive taurī); second declension

taurī (genitive)
taurus (nominative singular)
taurī (nominative plural)
taurī (genitive singular)
taurōrum (genitive plural)
taurō (dative singular)
taurīs (dative plural)
taurum (accusative singular)
taurōs (accusative plural)
taurō (ablative singular)
taurīs (ablative plural)
taure (singular vocative)
taurī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: tavru

Asturian: toru

Catalan: toro

Corsican: toru

→ English: Taurus

French: taureau

Friulian: taur

Ido: tauro

Interlingua: tauro

Italian: toro

Norman: touothé

Occitan: taur

Old French: tor

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: touro
Galician: touro
Portuguese: touro, toiro

Romanian: taur

Romansch: taur

Sardinian: trau

Sicilian: tàuru, tàvuru

Spanish: toro (see there for further descendants)

Venetan: toro

Walloon: torea

[ˈt̪äu̯rʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *tauros, from Proto-Indo-European *táwros.


aper

la-noun

aper m (genitive aprī); second declension

aprī (genitive)
aper (nominative singular)
aprī (nominative plural)
aprī (genitive singular)
aprōrum (genitive plural)
aprō (dative singular)
aprīs (dative plural)
aprum (accusative singular)
aprōs (accusative plural)
aprō (ablative singular)
aprīs (ablative plural)
aper (singular vocative)
aprī (plural vocative)

Sardinian: apru

Italian: apro

From Proto-Italic *apros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-r-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *eburaz, Proto-Slavic *veprь.

(figuratively) a standard of the Roman legions


vacca

vacca f (genitive vaccae); first declension

vaccae (genitive)
vacca (nominative singular)
vaccae (nominative plural)
vaccae (genitive singular)
vaccārum (genitive plural)
vaccae (dative singular)
vaccīs (dative plural)
vaccam (accusative singular)
vaccās (accusative plural)
vaccā (ablative singular)
vaccīs (ablative plural)
vacca (singular vocative)
vaccae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: vacã

Istro-Romanian: våcĕ

Megleno-Romanian: vacă

Romanian: vacă

Dalmatian:

vaca, baka, vacca, baca, bacca

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: vacca

desctree

Italian: vacca
→ Alemannic German: Wagge

Sicilian: vacca

Padanian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: vaca

Ligurian: vacca

Lombard: àca, vaca, vacja

Piedmontese: vaca

Romagnol: vàca

desc

Friulian: vacje, vačhe (alternative orthography)

Ladin: vacia

Romansch: vatga, vacca, vacha

Venetan: vaca

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: vaca

Franco-Provençal: vache

Old French: vache (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: vaca

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: baca

Asturian: vaca

Extremaduran: vaca

Mirandese: baca

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: vaca
Galician: vaca
Portuguese: vaca (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: vaca

Ladino: vaka

Spanish: vaca (see there for further descendants)

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: bacca, bàca

Borrowings:

→ English: vacci-

Possibly from a Proto-Italic *wokā, from Proto-Indo-European *woḱéh₂, with a diminutive/hypocoristic or expressive suffix -ca. May be borrowed from another Indo-European language, but no obvious European cognate is known.


stratum

la-noun

strātum n (genitive strātī); second declension

strātum (canonical neuter)
strātī (genitive)
strātum (nominative singular)
strāta (nominative plural)
strātī (genitive singular)
strātōrum (genitive plural)
strātō (dative singular)
strātīs (dative plural)
strātum (accusative singular)
strāta (accusative plural)
strātō (ablative singular)
strātīs (ablative plural)
strātum (singular vocative)
strāta (plural vocative)

Catalan: estrat

→ Dutch: stratum

→ English: stratum

→ Welsh: stratwm

French: strate

Friulian: strât

Galician: estrado

Italian: strato

Occitan: estrat

Piedmontese: strat

Portuguese: estrado

Romanian: strat

Spanish: estrado

→ French: estrade

→ English: estrade

desc

→ Welsh: gwastrawd (“groom, stablekeeper”)

[ˈs̠t̪räːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”).


curriculum

la-noun

curriculum n (genitive curriculī); second declension

curriculī (genitive)
curriculum (nominative singular)
curricula (nominative plural)
curriculī (genitive singular)
curriculōrum (genitive plural)
curriculō (dative singular)
curriculīs (dative plural)
curriculum (accusative singular)
curricula (accusative plural)
curriculō (ablative singular)
curriculīs (ablative plural)
curriculum (singular vocative)
curricula (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: currículum

→ English: curricle; curriculum

→ French: curriculum

→ German: Curriculum

Italian: curricolo

Norman: tchuthitchulum

Portuguese: currículo

Spanish: currículo, carrejo

[kʊrˈrɪkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

From currō (“run, move quickly”) + -culum.


aries

ariēs m (genitive arietis); third declension

ariēs (canonical masculine)
arietis (genitive)
ariēs (nominative singular)
arietēs (nominative plural)
arietis (genitive singular)
arietum (genitive plural)
arietī (dative singular)
arietibus (dative plural)
arietem (accusative singular)
arietēs (accusative plural)
ariete (ablative singular)
arietibus (ablative plural)
ariēs (singular vocative)
arietēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: areati

Champenois: aroi

Corsican: arghjetu

Franco-Provençal: arêt

Istro-Romanian: arete

Ligurian: ajou (Genoan)

Megleno-Romanian: ăreati, ręti

Romanian: arete

→ Catalan: ariet

→ English: Aries

→ Italian: ariete

→ Portuguese: aríete

→ Spanish: ariete

From Proto-Italic *arjēts, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r-i-(e)t- (“certain domestic animal”). Cognate with Old Irish heirp (“kid”), erb, Ancient Greek ἔριφος (ériphos).

der

cum mare trux ariēs cornū dēcertat; at īdem

With [another] male, the fierce ram fights it out with his horn, but the same
[ram] is careful to spare the forehead of a beloved ewe.


bos

la-noun

bōs m or f (irregular, genitive bovis); third declension

bōs (canonical feminine masculine)
bovis (genitive)
bōs (nominative singular)
bovēs (nominative plural)
bovis (genitive singular)
boum (genitive plural)
bovum (genitive plural)
boverum (genitive plural)
bovī (dative singular)
bōbus (dative plural)
būbus (dative plural)
bovibus (dative plural)
bovem (accusative singular)
bovēs (accusative plural)
bove (ablative singular)
bovīd (ablative singular)
bōbus (ablative plural)
būbus (ablative plural)
bovibus (ablative plural)
bōs (singular vocative)
bovēs (plural vocative)

Balkan-Romance:

Aromanian: bou

Megleno-Romanian: bou

Romanian: bou

Dalmatian:

bu

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: boiu

Italian: bove, bue

Sicilian: voi

Padanian:

Emilian: beu, bò

Friulian: bo

Ligurian: beu

Lombard: beu, bò, (alpine) beuiv

Piedmontese: beu, bò

Romagnol: bò, bo

Romansch: bov

Venetan: bo

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Bourguignon: beu

Franco-Provençal: bôf

Bressan: bœuf

Savoyard: buef

Old French: buef

French: bœuf

→ English: beef

→ Portuguese: bife

→ Spanish: bife

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: bue, uei, buei

Catalan: bou

desctree

Old Occitan: bou, bueu
Auvergnat: beu, bueu
Gascon: buèu, bueu, beu, bieu, büu
Languedocien: buòu, biòu
Provençal: buou, bou
Vivaro-Alpine: buou

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: buee

Asturian: bue, güe, buoi, buei, güei

Leonese: bué, boi, buei, güé, güei

Mirandese: bui

Old Galician-Portuguese: boi
Galician: boi
Portuguese: boi

Old Spanish: buey
Ladino: buey
Spanish: buey

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: boe, foe, voe (Logudorese-Nuorese), boi (Campidanese), boi, boe (Logudorese-Nuorese) (Campidanese)

Borrowings:

→ Esperanto: bovo

Irregular, for the expected **vōs/**ūs, accusative **vom, oblique stem **vov-, from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws, which also gave Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Sanskrit गो (go) (nominative singular gaúḥ), and English cow.
Most likely a borrowing from Sabellic (Oscan-Umbrian), attested as Umbrian bum (acc.sg.), bue (abl.sg.), buo (gen.pl.), buf (acc.pl.) all spelling /bō-/. This was likely motivated by the fact that the expected form would have produced an undesirable homonymic clash: with vōs (“you”) in the nominative and with ovis (“sheep”) in the oblique. It's unclear whether the borrowing included the entire paradigm, or just the initial consonant.

Hoc iuncti boves, hoc paratus equus, hoc data arma denuntiant.

The yoked oxen, the harnessed steed, the gift of arms, proclaim this fact.

head of cattle (cow, bull, steer, or ox)


Agnus Dei

la-proper noun

Agnus Deī m sg (genitive Agnī Deī); second declension

Agnus Deī (canonical masculine singular)
Agnī Deī (genitive)
Agnus Deī (nominative singular)
Agnī Deī (genitive singular)
Agnō Deī (dative singular)
Agnum Deī (accusative singular)
Agnō Deī (ablative singular)
Agne Deī (singular vocative)

English: Agnus Dei

desc

Portuguese: Agnus Dei, agnus dei, Cordeiro de Deus (calque)

[ˈäŋnʊs̠ ˈd̪eiː]

[ˈäɲːus ˈd̪ɛːi]

Calque of Ancient Greek Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ (Amnòs toû Theoû). The name refers to Jesus' role as a sacrificial lamb that is (voluntarily) slaughtered on the Cross.

calque

Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ

Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi...

Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world...

Literally, “Lamb of God”, a title applied by Christians to Jesus, whose death they equate with the offering of such animals for sacrifice at the temple in Jerusalem by those who have sinned, as described in the Hebrew scriptures.


agnus

la-noun

agnus m (genitive agnī); second declension

agnī (genitive)
agnus (nominative singular)
agnī (nominative plural)
agnī (genitive singular)
agnōrum (genitive plural)
agnum (genitive plural)
agnō (dative singular)
agnīs (dative plural)
agnum (accusative singular)
agnōs (accusative plural)
agnō (ablative singular)
agnīs (ablative plural)
agne (singular vocative)
agnī (plural vocative)

Galician: año

Italian: agno

Neapolitan: àino

Old French: agne, aigne, ainne

Portuguese: anho

Sicilian: aiuno, avuno, amuno (Calabrian)

Catalan: anyell

From Proto-Italic *agʷnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).
Cognates include Ancient Greek ἀμνός (amnós), Old Church Slavonic агнѧ (agnę), Old English ēanian (English yean), and Albanian enjë.

Agnus absque maculā.

Villa abundat porco, haedo, agno.

The farm abounds in pigs, young goats and lambs.

Ecce Agnus Dei.

a lamb, especially one used as a sacrifice


hircus

hircus m (genitive hircī); second declension

hircī (genitive)
hircus (nominative singular)
hircī (nominative plural)
hircī (genitive singular)
hircōrum (genitive plural)
hircō (dative singular)
hircīs (dative plural)
hircum (accusative singular)
hircōs (accusative plural)
hircō (ablative singular)
hircīs (ablative plural)
hirce (singular vocative)
hircī (plural vocative)

Catalan: erc

→⇒ English: hircine, hircinous, hircose

Galician: hirco

Italian: irco

Sicilian: ircu

Spanish: hirco

Unknown. As with other Indo-European words for “goat”, a reliable Proto-Indo-European etymon cannot be formally reconstructed. Nonetheless, compare Old High German irah, irh (“buck”), which Pokorny says is borrowed from the Latin. Possibly related to hirpus (“wolf”) and/or hirtus (“hairy, shaggy”); according to Pokorny, all three are from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”).
Varro, in De Lingua Latina cites a Sabine form: fircus.

der

(by extension) the rank smell of the armpits


murex

la-noun

mūrex m (genitive mūricis); third declension

mūrex (canonical masculine)
mūricis (genitive)
mūrex (nominative singular)
mūricēs (nominative plural)
mūricis (genitive singular)
mūricum (genitive plural)
mūricī (dative singular)
mūricibus (dative plural)
mūricem (accusative singular)
mūricēs (accusative plural)
mūrice (ablative singular)
mūricibus (ablative plural)
mūrex (singular vocative)
mūricēs (plural vocative)

English: muriciform, muricite, muricoid

Irish: maorach

Catalan: múrex

Italian: murice

Portuguese: múrice

Spanish: múrice

Translingual: Murex

Uncertain. Perhaps a derivative of mūs (“mouse”), whence mūsculus (“a saltwater mussel”). Alternatively, together with Ancient Greek μύαξ (múax, “sea mussel”) borrowed from a Mediterranean substrate language.

A sharp murex shell used as a bridle bit.


porcus

porcus m (genitive porcī); second declension

porcī (genitive)
porcus (nominative singular)
porcī (nominative plural)
porcī (genitive singular)
porcōrum (genitive plural)
porcō (dative singular)
porcīs (dative plural)
porcum (accusative singular)
porcōs (accusative plural)
porcō (ablative singular)
porcīs (ablative plural)
porce (singular vocative)
porcī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: porcu, porc

Istro-Romanian: porc

Megleno-Romanian: porc, porcu, puorc

Romanian: porc

Dalmatian:

puarc

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: porcu, polcu, procu

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: porcu

Gallurese: porcu

Sassarese: porcu

Italian: porco

Neapolitan: puorco

Sicilian: porcu

North Italian:

Emilian: pôrch, pōrc

Ligurian: pòrco

Friulian: porc ⇒ purcit

Piedmontese: pors, peurc ⇒ porcòt, porchèt

desc

Romansch: portg, piertg (Sursilan, Sutsilvan), püerch (Puter, Vallader), piertg, portg (Rumantsch Grischun, Surmiran), püerch (Puter, Vallader)

→ Alemannic German: Porgge (presumably)

Venetan: porco

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: porc

Occitan: pòrc

Old French: porc (see there for further descendants)

Ibero-Romance:

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: puercu

Mirandese: puorco

Old Galician-Portuguese: porco

Fala: porco

Galician: porco

Portuguese: porco (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: puerco

From Proto-Italic *porkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (“young pig”). Cognate with Old English fearh (“piglet”). More at farrow. Compare also Ancient Greek πόρκος (pórkos).

inh

Short for porcus marīnus (“sea-hog, mereswine, porpoise”).


equito

la-verb

equitō (present infinitive equitāre, perfect active equitāvī, supine equitātum); first conjugation, no passive

equitō (canonical)
no passive (canonical)
equitāre (infinitive present)
equitāvī (active perfect)
equitātum (supine)
equitō (active first-person indicative present singular)
equitās (active indicative present second-person singular)
equitat (active indicative present singular third-person)
equitāmus (active first-person indicative plural present)
equitātis (active indicative plural present second-person)
equitant (active indicative plural present third-person)
equitābam (active first-person imperfect indicative singular)
equitābās (active imperfect indicative second-person singular)
equitābat (active imperfect indicative singular third-person)
equitābāmus (active first-person imperfect indicative plural)
equitābātis (active imperfect indicative plural second-person)
equitābant (active imperfect indicative plural third-person)
equitābō (active first-person future indicative singular)
equitābis (active future indicative second-person singular)
equitābit (active future indicative singular third-person)
equitābimus (active first-person future indicative plural)
equitābitis (active future indicative plural second-person)
equitābunt (active future indicative plural third-person)
equitāvī (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
equitāvistī (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
equitāvit (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
equitāvimus (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
equitāvistis (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
equitāvērunt (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
equitāvēre (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
equitāveram (active first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
equitāverās (active indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
equitāverat (active indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
equitāverāmus (active first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
equitāverātis (active indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
equitāverant (active indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
equitāverō (active first-person future indicative perfect singular)
equitāveris (active future indicative perfect second-person singular)
equitāverit (active future indicative perfect singular third-person)
equitāverimus (active first-person future indicative perfect plural)
equitāveritis (active future indicative perfect plural second-person)
equitāverint (active future indicative perfect plural third-person)
equitem (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
equitēs (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
equitet (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
equitēmus (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
equitētis (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
equitent (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
equitārem (active first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
equitārēs (active imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
equitāret (active imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
equitārēmus (active first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
equitārētis (active imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
equitārent (active imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
equitāverim (active first-person perfect singular subjunctive)
equitāverīs (active perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
equitāverit (active perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
equitāverīmus (active first-person perfect plural subjunctive)
equitāverītis (active perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
equitāverint (active perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
equitāvissem (active first-person pluperfect singular subjunctive)
equitāvissēs (active pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
equitāvisset (active pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
equitāvissēmus (active first-person pluperfect plural subjunctive)
equitāvissētis (active pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
equitāvissent (active pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
equitā (active imperative present second-person singular)
equitāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
equitātō (active future imperative second-person singular)
equitātō (active future imperative singular third-person)
equitātōte (active future imperative plural second-person)
equitantō (active future imperative plural third-person)
equitāre (active infinitive present)
equitāvisse (active infinitive perfect)
equitātūrum esse (active future infinitive)
equitāns (active participle present)
equitātūrus (active future participle)
equitandī (genitive gerund noun-from-verb)
equitandō (dative gerund noun-from-verb)
equitandum (accusative gerund noun-from-verb)
equitandō (ablative gerund noun-from-verb)
equitātum (accusative noun-from-verb supine)
equitātū (ablative noun-from-verb supine)


anas

la-noun

anās f (genitive anātis); third declension

anās (canonical feminine)
anātis (genitive)
anās (nominative singular)
anātēs (nominative plural)
anātis (genitive singular)
anātum (genitive plural)
anātī (dative singular)
anātibus (dative plural)
anātem (accusative singular)
anātēs (accusative plural)
anāte (ablative singular)
anātibus (ablative plural)
anās (singular vocative)
anātēs (plural vocative)


umber

umber m (genitive umbrī); second declension

umbrī (genitive)
umber (nominative singular)
umbrī (nominative plural)
umbrī (genitive singular)
umbrōrum (genitive plural)
umbrō (dative singular)
umbrīs (dative plural)
umbrum (accusative singular)
umbrōs (accusative plural)
umbrō (ablative singular)
umbrīs (ablative plural)
umber (singular vocative)
umbrī (plural vocative)

an Umbrian; also a breed of sheep and dog


caper

caper m (genitive caprī, feminine capra); second declension

caprī (genitive)
capra (feminine)
caper (nominative singular)
caprī (nominative plural)
caprī (genitive singular)
caprōrum (genitive plural)
caprō (dative singular)
caprīs (dative plural)
caprum (accusative singular)
caprōs (accusative plural)
caprō (ablative singular)
caprīs (ablative plural)
caper (singular vocative)
caprī (plural vocative)

Italian: capro

French: chevron

→ English: chevron

Romanian: capră

Portuguese: cabro

Spanish: cabro, cabrón

→ Scottish Gaelic: cabar

From Proto-Italic *kapros, from Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“buck, he-goat”).


capra

la-noun

capra f (genitive caprae, masculine caper); first declension

caprae (genitive)
caper (masculine)
capra (nominative singular)
caprae (nominative plural)
caprae (genitive singular)
caprārum (genitive plural)
caprae (dative singular)
caprīs (dative plural)
capram (accusative singular)
caprās (accusative plural)
caprā (ablative singular)
caprīs (ablative plural)
capra (singular vocative)
caprae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: caprã

Istro-Romanian: cåprĕ

Megleno-Romanian: capră

Romanian: capră

Italo-Romance:

Italian: capra

Neapolitan: crapa

Sicilian: crapa

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: craba

Northern Italian:

Istriot: càvara

Venetan: cavra, càora, càvara

Gallo-Italian:

Lombard: crava

Piedmontese: crava

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: cjavre

Ladin: cëura

Romansch: chaura, caura, tgora, chevra

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: chiévra

Oïl:

Old French: chievre, kievre

Middle French: chevre

French: chèvre

→ English: chèvre; ⇒ chevon

Norman: quièvre

Picard: kiève, tchiève (Amiens)

Walloon: tchive

Oc:

Catalan: cabra

Old Occitan: cabra

Occitan: cabra, chabra, craba

→ Franco-Provençal: cabra

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: craba, crapa

Asturian: cabra

Old Portuguese:

Galician: cabra

Portuguese: cabra

Spanish: cabra

→ Translingual: Capra

→ Etruscan: 𐌊𐌀𐌐𐌓𐌀 (kapra)

From caper (“billy goat, he-goat”), from Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“buck, he-goat”); see also Old Norse hafr (“he-goat”), Old English hæfer, Welsh gafr, Old Irish gabor.

stat quoque capra simul … īnfantī lac dēdit illa Iovī.

Also together [with him] stands a she-goat … that gave her milk to the infant Jove.
(Ovid refers to mythology about the baby Jupiter/Iuppiter or Zeus having been suckled by a goat, or the goddess Amalthea; see Amalthea (mythology).)


habena

habēna f (genitive habēnae); first declension

habēna (canonical feminine)
habēnae (genitive)
habēna (nominative singular)
habēnae (nominative plural)
habēnae (genitive singular)
habēnārum (genitive plural)
habēnae (dative singular)
habēnīs (dative plural)
habēnam (accusative singular)
habēnās (accusative plural)
habēnā (ablative singular)
habēnīs (ablative plural)
habēna (singular vocative)
habēnae (plural vocative)

→ Proto-Brythonic: *aβuɨn (see there for further descendants)

… Rēgemque dedit quī foedere certō

And [Jupiter] gave [the winds] a king who by chartered agreement would know how to restrain as well as to give loosened reins [to them], [the king] having been commanded [to do so].
(Jupiter commands King Aeolus who metaphorically can harness the winds much as a charioteer drives horses. See Aeolus (son of Hippotes).)

et premere et laxās scīret dare iussus habēnās.

Hīc rēgum sceptrum dominus tenet

524 CE, Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy 4.1m

Here the lord of kings holds his sceptre, and controls the reins of the world


retina

retina f (genitive retinae); first declension

retinae (genitive)
retina (nominative singular)
retinae (nominative plural)
retinae (genitive singular)
retinārum (genitive plural)
retinae (dative singular)
retinīs (dative plural)
retinam (accusative singular)
retinās (accusative plural)
retinā (ablative singular)
retinīs (ablative plural)
retina (singular vocative)
retinae (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: redina (plural redine)

⇒ Italian: redine (new singular)

Tuscan: redola (Lucca)

Neapolitan: rétena

Sicilian: rètina

→ Byzantine Greek: ρέτενα (rétena)

North Italian: (sometimes blended with briglia)

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: redna

Ligurian: rédena

Lombard: rèdena, redna

Piedmontese: rëdna, rënna

Ladin: remni (pl.) ⇒ breni

Friulian: rèdine ⇒ brene

Romansch: regna

Venetan: redena ⇒ brena

Gallo-Romance:

desctree

Old French: resne, redne (archaic), reyne, raine, raigne, raisne, reine, resine, renne
French: rêne
→ English: rein

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: regna

Occitan: retna

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: redẽa

Galician: rédea

Portuguese: rédea

Old Spanish: rienda

Spanish: rienda
→? Galician: renda
→ Tagalog: renda

Generally explained as a deverbal of retineō (“hold back”). Alternatively, derived from retinācula ("reins" - far more common than the singular retināculum), reinterpreted as a feminine diminutive and back-formed into retina. Attested in the Glossarium Ansileubi, which was written between 650 and 800 CE.

Apprehensaque equi Retina, celeriter eum Beneventum ducebat

10th century, anonymous, Chronicon Salernitanum 68, (example from DuCange)

Having seized the horse's rein(s), he quickly rode it to Benevento.

rein (strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control an animal)


anatinus

la-adj

anatīnus (feminine anatīna, neuter anatīnum); first/second-declension adjective

anatīnus (canonical)
anatīna (feminine)
anatīnum (neuter)
anatīnus (masculine nominative singular)
anatīna (feminine nominative singular)
anatīnum (neuter nominative singular)
anatīnī (masculine nominative plural)
anatīnae (feminine nominative plural)
anatīna (neuter nominative plural)
anatīnī (genitive masculine singular)
anatīnae (feminine genitive singular)
anatīnī (genitive neuter singular)
anatīnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
anatīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
anatīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
anatīnō (dative masculine singular)
anatīnae (dative feminine singular)
anatīnō (dative neuter singular)
anatīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
anatīnum (accusative masculine singular)
anatīnam (accusative feminine singular)
anatīnum (accusative neuter singular)
anatīnōs (accusative masculine plural)
anatīnās (accusative feminine plural)
anatīna (accusative neuter plural)
anatīnō (ablative masculine singular)
anatīnā (ablative feminine singular)
anatīnō (ablative neuter singular)
anatīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
anatīne (masculine singular vocative)
anatīna (feminine singular vocative)
anatīnum (neuter singular vocative)
anatīnī (masculine plural vocative)
anatīnae (feminine plural vocative)
anatīna (neuter plural vocative)

English: anatine

[änäˈt̪iːnʊs̠]


porcinus

porcīnus (feminine porcīna, neuter porcīnum); first/second-declension adjective

porcīnus (canonical)
porcīna (feminine)
porcīnum (neuter)
porcīnus (masculine nominative singular)
porcīna (feminine nominative singular)
porcīnum (neuter nominative singular)
porcīnī (masculine nominative plural)
porcīnae (feminine nominative plural)
porcīna (neuter nominative plural)
porcīnī (genitive masculine singular)
porcīnae (feminine genitive singular)
porcīnī (genitive neuter singular)
porcīnōrum (genitive masculine plural)
porcīnārum (feminine genitive plural)
porcīnōrum (genitive neuter plural)
porcīnō (dative masculine singular)
porcīnae (dative feminine singular)
porcīnō (dative neuter singular)
porcīnīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
porcīnum (accusative masculine singular)
porcīnam (accusative feminine singular)
porcīnum (accusative neuter singular)
porcīnōs (accusative masculine plural)
porcīnās (accusative feminine plural)
porcīna (accusative neuter plural)
porcīnō (ablative masculine singular)
porcīnā (ablative feminine singular)
porcīnō (ablative neuter singular)
porcīnīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
porcīne (masculine singular vocative)
porcīna (feminine singular vocative)
porcīnum (neuter singular vocative)
porcīnī (masculine plural vocative)
porcīnae (feminine plural vocative)
porcīna (neuter plural vocative)

Catalan: porcí

English: porcine

French: porcin

Italian: porcino

Portuguese: porcino

Romanian: porcin

Spanish: porcino


gallina

la-noun

gallīna f (genitive gallīnae); first declension

gallīna (canonical feminine)
gallīnae (genitive)
gallīna (nominative singular)
gallīnae (nominative plural)
gallīnae (genitive singular)
gallīnārum (genitive plural)
gallīnae (dative singular)
gallīnīs (dative plural)
gallīnam (accusative singular)
gallīnās (accusative plural)
gallīnā (ablative singular)
gallīnīs (ablative plural)
gallīna (singular vocative)
gallīnae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: gãljinã

Istro-Romanian: gălirĕ

Megleno-Romanian: găľină

Romanian: găină

Italo-Dalmatian:

Corsican: gallina, ghjaddina, ghjallina

Dalmatian: galaina

Italian: gallina

Sicilian: gaddina, jaddina

Venetan: gaƚina

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: gjaline

Ladin: gialina

Romansch: giaglina (Rumantsch Grischun), gagliegna, gaglina

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: gallina

Lombard: gaina

Old French: geline

French: géline

Franc-Comtois: dgelène

Norman: gelène

Picard: glinne

Amiénois: glangne

Old Occitan: galina, galinha

Occitan: galina

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: gallina

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: galinha
Galician: galiña
Portuguese: galinha (see there for further descendants)

Spanish: gallina

[ɡälˈlʲiːnä]


stapes

la-noun

stapēs m (genitive stapedis); third declension

stapēs (canonical masculine)
stapedis (genitive)
stapēs (nominative singular)
stapedēs (nominative plural)
stapedis (genitive singular)
stapedum (genitive plural)
stapedī (dative singular)
stapedibus (dative plural)
stapedem (accusative singular)
stapedēs (accusative plural)
stapede (ablative singular)
stapedibus (ablative plural)
stapēs (singular vocative)
stapedēs (plural vocative)

→ English: stapes

→ French: stapes

→ Spanish: estápede

From a Germanic source, possibly Frankish *stap or Old High German stapf, staph (“step, stirrup”), both from Proto-Germanic *stapiz (“a step, rung (of a ladder)”). More at step.
Alternatively: Late Latin; possibly from stō (“to stand”) + pēs (“foot”).

der

[…]quīdam duōs stapedēs et trēs cingulās ūnā cum sella annumerant, aliī hīs singulīs pretium lēgitimum assignant, id est, stapedibus aurātīs

(Can we date this quote?), Dē Tribus Columnīs Jūris Secundum Powissiensēs, volume 2, 16. Dē Pretiīs Rērum:

[…] some two stirrups and three belts with a chair are paid out, all assigned a single worth, that is, golden stirrups


equus

la-noun

equus m (genitive equī, feminine equa); second declension

equī (genitive)
equa (feminine)
equus (nominative singular)
equī (nominative plural)
equī (genitive singular)
equōrum (genitive plural)
equō (dative singular)
equīs (dative plural)
equum (accusative singular)
equōs (accusative plural)
equō (ablative singular)
equīs (ablative plural)
eque (singular vocative)
equī (plural vocative)

→ Italian: equo

→ Esperanto: ekvo, ekvedo, ekveno

→ Translingual: Equus

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
For Proto-Italic *ekwos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos (“horse”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos), Sanskrit अश्व (áśva), Persian اسب (asb), Old Armenian էշ (ēš, “donkey”), Tocharian B yakwe, Gaulish epos. Respelt with QVV for the earlier QVO/CV in post-Augustan times on the analogy of oblique cases.

Sed nos immensum spatiis confecimus aequor, | et iam tempus equum fumantia solvere colla.

Vergil, Georgicon II, 541-542 (edited and translated by H. Rushton Fairclough, Virgil with an English translation I, 1916)

But in our course we have traversed a mighty plain, and now it is time to unyoke the necks of our smoking steeds.


sus

sūs m or f (irregular, genitive suis); third declension

sūs (canonical feminine masculine)
suis (genitive)
sūs (nominative singular)
suēs (nominative plural)
suis (genitive singular)
suum (genitive plural)
suī (dative singular)
suibus (dative plural)
sūbus (dative plural)
subus (dative plural)
suem (accusative singular)
suēs (accusative plural)
sue (ablative singular)
suibus (ablative plural)
sūbus (ablative plural)
subus (ablative plural)
sūs (singular vocative)
suēs (plural vocative)

Romanian: sor (possibly)

Sardinian: sughe, sue

Sassarese: sua, (dialectal) sui

From Proto-Italic *sūs, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-. Compare Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs), Pali sūkara, English swine, sow.


ovis

ovis f (genitive ovis); third declension

ovis (genitive)
ovis (nominative singular)
ovēs (nominative plural)
ovis (genitive singular)
ovium (genitive plural)
ovī (dative singular)
ovibus (dative plural)
ovem (accusative singular)
ovēs (accusative plural)
ovīs (accusative plural)
ove (ablative singular)
ovī (ablative singular)
ovibus (ablative plural)
ovis (singular vocative)
ovēs (plural vocative)

Aromanian: oai, oae, oie

Istro-Romanian: oie

Italian: ove

Megleno-Romanian: oaiă

Portuguese: Óis

Romanian: oaie

Translingual: Ovis

From Proto-Italic *owis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”) or *h₃éwis. Cognate with Sanskrit अवि (ávi), Ancient Greek ὄϊς (óïs), English ewe, Russian овца́ (ovcá).

Quis ex vobis homo qui habet centum oves, et si perdiderit unam ex illis, nonne dimittit nonaginta novem in deserto, et vadit ad illam quae perierat, donec inveniat illam?

405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Evangelium secundum Lucam.15.4-5

Who among you, if you had a hundred sheep and one of them got lost, wouldn't leave the other ninety-nine behind and go for the lost one until you found it?


caballus

caballus m (genitive caballī); second declension

caballī (genitive)
caballus (nominative singular)
caballī (nominative plural)
caballī (genitive singular)
caballōrum (genitive plural)
caballō (dative singular)
caballīs (dative plural)
caballum (accusative singular)
caballōs (accusative plural)
caballō (ablative singular)
caballīs (ablative plural)
caballe (singular vocative)
caballī (plural vocative)

Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works
de:Brian D. Joseph

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cal

Istro-Romanian: co

Megleno-Romanian: cal

Romanian: cal

Dalmatian:

cavul

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: cavaddu, cavallu

Gallurese: cabaddu, caddu

desctree

Italian: cavallo
→ Alemannic German: Kawall
→ Greek: καβάλος (kaválos)

Sicilian: cavaḍḍu

Insular Romance:

desc

Sardinian: cabaddu, cavaddu, covaddu, caaddu, caddu, caddu, cuaddu

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: cavàl

Ligurian: cavallo

Old Lombard: cavel

Lombard: càal

Old Piedmontese: cavèu

Piedmontese: caval

Romagnol: cavàl, caval

Friulian: cjaval, čhaval (alternative orthography)

Istriot: caval

Ladin: ciaval

Romansch: chaval, cavagl, tgavagl, tgaval, chavagl

Venetan: cavało ⇒ cavałeto

→ Greek: καβάλα (kavála), καβαλέτο (kavaléto)

Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: chevâl

Old French: cheval (see there for further descendants)

Occitano-Romance:

Catalan: cavall

Gascon: cavalh, cavath

Occitan: caval

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: cavallo, cavall

Extremaduran: cavallu

Old Leonese: [Term?]

Asturian: caballu

Leonese: caballu, cabalu

Mirandese: cabalho

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: cavalo
Fala: cabalu
Galician: cabalo
Portuguese: cavalo (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish: cavallo

Ladino: kavayo

Spanish: caballo (see there for further descendants)

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Albanian: *kəβal

Albanian: kalë

[käˈbälːʲʊs̠]

Uncertain; often cited as borrowed from Gaulish *kaballos, from Proto-Celtic *kaballos, perhaps ultimately an Asiatic borrowing or Wanderwort, compare Ancient Greek καβάλλης (kabállēs, “nag”), Proto-Slavic *kobýla (“mare”), Persian کول (kaval, “second class horse of mixed blood”), and possibly Karakhanid kevel (at) (“well-bred fast (horse)”).
Alternatively, borrowed alongside Greek from Proto-Iranian *kabah, *kabalah, compare Khotanese [script needed] (kabä, “horse”), Persian کول (kaval), and possibly cognate with Latin cabō (“gelding”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kebʰ- (“worn-out horse, nag”).

der

(Old Latin, Classical Latin, Late Latin) nag


mappa

la-noun

mappa f (genitive mappae); first declension

mappae (genitive)
mappa (nominative singular)
mappae (nominative plural)
mappae (genitive singular)
mappārum (genitive plural)
mappae (dative singular)
mappīs (dative plural)
mappam (accusative singular)
mappās (accusative plural)
mappā (ablative singular)
mappīs (ablative plural)
mappa (singular vocative)
mappae (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: mapa m

→ Danish: mappe

→ English: map
→ Swedish: mappa

→ Esperanto: mapo

Galician: mapa m

desctree

→ German: Mappe
→ Czech: mapa
→ Dutch: map
→ Romanian: mapă

Italian: mappa

Mirandese: mapa

→ Old French: mapamonde

desc

> French: mappemonde, mapper (inherited)

Middle English: mapemounde

English: map

> Old French: nappe (inherited)

→ English: nape, napkin

⇒ Portuguese: guardanapo

desctree

→ Polish: mapa
→ Belarusian: ма́па (mápa)
→ Ukrainian: ма́па (mápa)
→ Yiddish: מאַפּע (mape)

Portuguese: mapa m

Sicilian: mappa, mappina

Spanish: mapa m

Venetan: mapa

Said by the Roman author Quintilian to be of Punic origin, perhaps from Phoenician 𐤌𐤀𐤐 (mʾp /mappē/), from Proto-Semitic *manpay, *manpiy- (“fine cloth, sieve”). Compare Israeli Hebrew מַפָּה (mappā́, “a map; a cloth”).


carcer

la-noun

carcer m (genitive carceris); third declension

carceris (genitive)
carcer (nominative singular)
carcerēs (nominative plural)
carceris (genitive singular)
carcerum (genitive plural)
carcerī (dative singular)
carceribus (dative plural)
carcerem (accusative singular)
carcerēs (accusative plural)
carcere (ablative singular)
carceribus (ablative plural)
carcer (singular vocative)
carcerēs (plural vocative)

Old Catalan: càrcer/carçre

Catalan: càrcer

French: chartre

Italian: carcere

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: carcer, carcel
Galician: cárcere
Portuguese: cárcere

Romanian: carceră

Sicilian: càrzaru

Asturian: cárcele, cárcel, alcárcel

Old Spanish: carcel
Spanish: cárcel

→ Proto-Brythonic: *karxar

Middle Breton: carchar

Cornish: carhar

Middle Welsh: carchar

Welsh: carchar

→ German: Karzer (learned) (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *karkārī (see there for further descendants)

→⇒ English: incarcerate (learned)

→ Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (karkara)

→ Old Irish: carcar (see there for further descendants)

Derived from Proto-Italic *karkros, from Proto-Indo-European *kr-kr- (“circular”), reduplication of *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”) in the sense of "enclosure", and as such a doublet of cancer. Cognate with circus, curvus, crux, crīnis, crispus, English ring. It is not known how the noun shifted to the third declension.

Ad carceres a calce revocari.

To be called back from the finish line to the starting gates.


gallus

la-noun

gallus m (genitive gallī); second declension

gallī (genitive)
gallus (nominative singular)
gallī (nominative plural)
gallī (genitive singular)
gallōrum (genitive plural)
gallō (dative singular)
gallīs (dative plural)
gallum (accusative singular)
gallōs (accusative plural)
gallō (ablative singular)
gallīs (ablative plural)
galle (singular vocative)
gallī (plural vocative)

Corsican: gallu

Franco-Provençal: jal

Picard: glaine

Italian: gallo

Old French: jal

Old Leonese:

Asturian: gallu

Old Occitan:

Catalan: gall

Occitan: gal, jal

Old Galician-Portuguese: galo

Galician: galo

Portuguese: galo (see there for further descendants)

Old Spanish:

Ladino:

Hebrew script: גאייו

Latin script: gayo

Spanish: gallo

Gallo-Italic:

Ligurian: gallo

Romagnol: gal

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: gjal

Sicilian: jaḍḍu, gaḍḍu

Translingual: Gallus

Venetan: gàło

→ Albanian: gjel

→ Old Irish: Gall (personal name)

→ Czech: Havel (personal name)

From Proto-Italic *galsos, enlargement of *gl̥s-o-, zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *gols-o-, from *gelH- (“to call”); compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *galsas (“voice”), Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call”), Albanian gjuhë (“tongue; language”), and perhaps Welsh galw (“call”).

gallus in sterquilinio suo plurimum potest


gallus

gallus m (genitive gallī, feminine galla); second declension

gallī (genitive)
galla (feminine)
gallus (nominative singular)
gallī (nominative plural)
gallī (genitive singular)
gallōrum (genitive plural)
gallō (dative singular)
gallīs (dative plural)
gallum (accusative singular)
gallōs (accusative plural)
gallō (ablative singular)
gallīs (ablative plural)
galle (singular vocative)
gallī (plural vocative)

Likely derived from Proto-Celtic *galnati (“to be able”). See also Ancient Greek Γαλάτης (Galátēs), which might be from the same source.


gallus

la-adj

gallus (feminine galla, neuter gallum); first/second-declension adjective

galla (feminine)
gallum (neuter)
gallus (masculine nominative singular)
galla (feminine nominative singular)
gallum (neuter nominative singular)
gallī (masculine nominative plural)
gallae (feminine nominative plural)
galla (neuter nominative plural)
gallī (genitive masculine singular)
gallae (feminine genitive singular)
gallī (genitive neuter singular)
gallōrum (genitive masculine plural)
gallārum (feminine genitive plural)
gallōrum (genitive neuter plural)
gallō (dative masculine singular)
gallae (dative feminine singular)
gallō (dative neuter singular)
gallīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
gallum (accusative masculine singular)
gallam (accusative feminine singular)
gallum (accusative neuter singular)
gallōs (accusative masculine plural)
gallās (accusative feminine plural)
galla (accusative neuter plural)
gallō (ablative masculine singular)
gallā (ablative feminine singular)
gallō (ablative neuter singular)
gallīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
galle (masculine singular vocative)
galla (feminine singular vocative)
gallum (neuter singular vocative)
gallī (masculine plural vocative)
gallae (feminine plural vocative)
galla (neuter plural vocative)


gallus

From Ancient Greek γάλλος (gállos). Considered by some ancient and modern authorities to derive from the river Gallus, due to the notion that "its water made those who drank of it mad". A connection to the similar Sumerian priests of Inanna called gala has been suggested, but evidence is lacking.

one of the priests of Cybele in Phrygia and Rome who wore feminine clothes and typically castrated themselves


frenum

la-noun

frēnum n (genitive frēnī); second declension

frēnum (canonical neuter)
frēnī (genitive)
frēnum (nominative singular)
frēna (nominative plural)
frēnī (nominative plural)
frēnī (genitive singular)
frēnōrum (genitive plural)
frēnō (dative singular)
frēnīs (dative plural)
frēnum (accusative singular)
frēna (accusative plural)
frēnōs (accusative plural)
frēnō (ablative singular)
frēnīs (ablative plural)
frēnum (singular vocative)
frēna (plural vocative)
frēnī (plural vocative)

Eastern Romance:

Aromanian: frãn, fãrnu, frãnu

Romanian: frână, frâu

Italian: freno

desctree

Old French: frein
Middle French: frein m
French: frein m
→ Khmer: ហ្វ្រ័ង (frang)
→ Ottoman Turkish: فرن (fren), فرهن (fren)
Turkish: fren
→ Vietnamese: phanh

Old Occitan:

Catalan: fre

Occitan: fren

Old Galician-Portuguese: frẽo

Galician: freo

Portuguese: freio

Old Spanish:

Spanish: freno
→ Bikol Central: preno
→ Cebuano: preno
→ Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec: frenu
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: piriiñ
→ Tagalog: preno

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: fren

Romansch: frain, frein, fragn

Sardinian: frenu

Sicilian: frenu

Venetan: fren

→ Albanian: fre

→ Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨn

Old Welsh: fruin

Middle Welsh: ffrwyn

Welsh: ffrwyn

→ English: frenum

→ Old Irish: srían
Middle Irish: srían
Irish: srian
Scottish Gaelic: srian
Manx: streean

From Proto-Italic *frēnom, from earlier *θrēnom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr-eh₁-nom, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Cognates include ferē, fermē and firmus.

(anatomy) ligament which attaches the inside of the foreskin to the glans


caprea

la-noun

caprea f (genitive capreae); first declension

capreae (genitive)
caprea (nominative singular)
capreae (nominative plural)
capreae (genitive singular)
capreārum (genitive plural)
capreae (dative singular)
capreīs (dative plural)
capream (accusative singular)
capreās (accusative plural)
capreā (ablative singular)
capreīs (ablative plural)
caprea (singular vocative)
capreae (plural vocative)


equuleus

equuleus m (genitive equuleī); second declension

equuleī (genitive)
equuleus (nominative singular)
equuleī (nominative plural)
equuleī (genitive singular)
equuleōrum (genitive plural)
equuleō (dative singular)
equuleīs (dative plural)
equuleum (accusative singular)
equuleōs (accusative plural)
equuleō (ablative singular)
equuleīs (ablative plural)
equulee (singular vocative)
equuleī (plural vocative)

Portuguese: ecúleo

Italian: eculeo

[ɛˈkʊɫ̪eʊs̠]

From equus (“horse”) + -uleus (diminutive suffix).


sella

la-noun

sella f (genitive sellae); first declension

sellae (genitive)
sella (nominative singular)
sellae (nominative plural)
sellae (genitive singular)
sellārum (genitive plural)
sellae (dative singular)
sellīs (dative plural)
sellam (accusative singular)
sellās (accusative plural)
sellā (ablative singular)
sellīs (ablative plural)
sella (singular vocative)
sellae (plural vocative)

→ Albanian: shalë

Aromanian: shauã

Asturian: siella, siya

Catalan: sella

Dalmatian: siala

English: sella

French: selle

Friulian: siele

Galician: sela

→ Hebrew: אסלה (asla)

Italian: sella

Occitan: sèla

Portuguese: sela

Romanian: șa, șale

Romansch: sella, siala, seala, sela

Sardinian: sedha, sedda

Sicilian: seḍḍa

desctree

Spanish: silla
→ Cebuano: síya
→ Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: siya
→ Galician: silla
→ Hiligaynon: siya
→ Ladino: siya
→ Portuguese: silha
→ Southeastern Tepehuan: xiir
→ Tagalog: silya, siya
→ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: siya

Venetan: sela, seła

From Proto-Italic *sedlā, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-, whence sedeō (“I sit”). The same formation as Proto-Germanic *sadulaz, Proto-Slavic *sedъlo.

seat, chair (one that is moveable unlike a sedīle)

(historical) A kind of open or enclosed sedan chair


ceva

la-noun

cēva f (genitive cēvae); first declension

cēva (canonical feminine)
cēvae (genitive)
cēva (nominative singular)
cēvae (nominative plural)
cēvae (genitive singular)
cēvārum (genitive plural)
cēvae (dative singular)
cēvīs (dative plural)
cēvam (accusative singular)
cēvās (accusative plural)
cēvā (ablative singular)
cēvīs (ablative plural)
cēva (singular vocative)
cēvae (plural vocative)


phalerae

phalerae f pl (genitive phalerārum); first declension

phalerārum (genitive)
phalerae (nominative plural)
phalerārum (genitive plural)
phalerīs (dative plural)
phalerās (accusative plural)
phalerīs (ablative plural)
phalerae (plural vocative)

→ English: phalera

[ˈpʰäɫ̪ɛräe̯]

From Ancient Greek φάλαρα (phálara), plural of φάλαρον (phálaron).

a trapping for the forehead and breast of horses


burra

burra f (genitive burrae); first declension

burrae (genitive)
burra (nominative singular)
burrae (nominative plural)
burrae (genitive singular)
burrārum (genitive plural)
burrae (dative singular)
burrīs (dative plural)
burram (accusative singular)
burrās (accusative plural)
burrā (ablative singular)
burrīs (ablative plural)
burra (singular vocative)
burrae (plural vocative)

Catalan: borra, ⇒ borró

Old French: boure, borre, *bure

French: bourre, bure

Galician: borra, burel

Italian: borra

Portuguese: borra, burel

Spanish: borra

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *burrio

Old French: bourjon

French: bourgeon

Middle English: burjon

English: burgeon

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *burrula

Catalan: borla

Galician: bolra

Italian: burla

Portuguese: borla

Spanish: borla

a shaggy garment
(Late Latin) (plural) trifles, nonsense

a shaggy garment
(plural) trifles, nonsense


marsupium

marsūpium n (genitive marsūpiī or marsūpī); second declension

marsūpium (canonical neuter)
marsūpiī (genitive)
marsūpī (genitive)
marsūpium (nominative singular)
marsūpia (nominative plural)
marsūpiī (genitive singular)
marsūpī (genitive singular)
marsūpiōrum (genitive plural)
marsūpiō (dative singular)
marsūpiīs (dative plural)
marsūpium (accusative singular)
marsūpia (accusative plural)
marsūpiō (ablative singular)
marsūpiīs (ablative plural)
marsūpium (singular vocative)
marsūpia (plural vocative)

→ English: marsupium (learned)

→ Italian: marsupio (learned)

→ Portuguese: marsúpio (learned)

→ Spanish: marsupio (learned)

From Ancient Greek μαρσίππιον (marsíppion), diminutive of μάρσιππος (mársippos, “pouch”).

sortem mitte nōbīscum, marsūpium ūnum sit omnium nostrum

Cast in thy lot with us, let us all have one purse. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.; 1752 CE)


urus

ūrus m (genitive ūrī); second declension

ūrus (canonical masculine)
ūrī (genitive)
ūrus (nominative singular)
ūrī (nominative plural)
ūrī (genitive singular)
ūrōrum (genitive plural)
ūrō (dative singular)
ūrīs (dative plural)
ūrum (accusative singular)
ūrōs (accusative plural)
ūrō (ablative singular)
ūrīs (ablative plural)
ūre (singular vocative)
ūrī (plural vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: οὖρος (oûros)

Catalan: ur

→ English: ure, urus

French: ure

Italian: uro

Portuguese: uro

Spanish: uro

According to Julius Caesar, of Celtic origin. Perhaps indirectly related to Proto-Germanic *ūraz.


capellus

capellus m (genitive capellī); second declension

capellī (genitive)
capellus (nominative singular)
capellī (nominative plural)
capellī (genitive singular)
capellōrum (genitive plural)
capellō (dative singular)
capellīs (dative plural)
capellum (accusative singular)
capellōs (accusative plural)
capellō (ablative singular)
capellīs (ablative plural)
capelle (singular vocative)
capellī (plural vocative)

French: chevreau

From caper (“goat”) + -lus (diminutive suffix).

af

[käˈpɛlːʲʊs̠]


cursus

la-noun

cursus m (genitive cursūs); fourth declension

cursūs (genitive)
cursus (nominative singular)
cursūs (nominative plural)
cursūs (genitive singular)
cursuum (genitive plural)
cursuī (dative singular)
cursibus (dative plural)
cursum (accusative singular)
cursūs (accusative plural)
cursū (ablative singular)
cursibus (ablative plural)
cursus (singular vocative)
cursūs (plural vocative)

Asturian: cursu

Catalan: cors, cós

Corsican: corsu, cursu

Friulian: cors

Italian: corso
→ German: Korso

Occitan: cors

desctree

Old French: cours, cors, curs
Middle French: cours
French:
cours
→ Japanese: クール (kūru)
→ English: cours, cour
→ Luxembourgish: Cours
→ Ottoman Turkish: قورس (kurs)
Turkish: kur, kurs
→ Vietnamese: cua
course
→ Catalan: cursa
→ Dutch: koers
→ Romanian: cursă
→ Swedish: kosa
→ Vietnamese: cuốc
→ Middle Dutch: coers
Dutch: koers
→ Indonesian: kurs (“exchange rate”)
→ Tetum: kurs
Norman: course
→ Irish: cúrsa
→ Middle English: cours, cors, cource, course, cowrs, cowrse, curs, kours
English: course
→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)
Scots: coorse
→ Welsh: cwrs

Portuguese: corso, cosso

Romanian: curs

Sicilian: cursu

Spanish: coso

Venetan: córso

→ Catalan: curs

→ Crimean Tatar: kurs

→ English: cursus

→ French: cursus

→ Galician: curso

→ German: Kurs
→ Serbo-Croatian: kȕrs／ку̏рс

→ Hungarian: kurzus

→ Polish: kurs

→ Portuguese: curso

→ Russian: курс (kurs)
→ Armenian: կուրս (kurs)

→ Spanish: curso

→ Swedish: kurs
→ Finnish: kurssi

Hic cursus fuit

This was [our] voyage
(The first of many incomplete lines in the Aeneid.)

Course, way, passage, journey, voyage, march

(figuratively) Course, progress, direction, development, succession, passage, tendency; career


balteus

la-noun

balteus m (genitive balteī); second declension

balteī (genitive)
balteus (nominative singular)
balteī (nominative plural)
balteī (genitive singular)
balteōrum (genitive plural)
balteō (dative singular)
balteīs (dative plural)
balteum (accusative singular)
balteōs (accusative plural)
balteō (ablative singular)
balteīs (ablative plural)
baltee (singular vocative)
balteī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: baltsu

Italian: balzo

Old Occitan:

Catalan: balç

Occitan: baus

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Portuguese: balção, balso

Romanian: balț

→ Proto-Germanic: *baltijaz (see there for further descendants)

English: belt

→ Italian: balteo

→ Portuguese: bálteo

→ Spanish: bálteo

[ˈbäɫ̪t̪eʊs̠]

Possibly borrowed from Etruscan 𐌁𐌀𐌋𐌕𐌄𐌀 (baltea, “belt”).

(architecture) Synonym of praecinctio (curved walkway that separates the galleries of a Roman theatre)


vitellus

vitellus m (genitive vitellī); second declension

vitellī (genitive)
vitellus (nominative singular)
vitellī (nominative plural)
vitellī (genitive singular)
vitellōrum (genitive plural)
vitellō (dative singular)
vitellīs (dative plural)
vitellum (accusative singular)
vitellōs (accusative plural)
vitellō (ablative singular)
vitellīs (ablative plural)
vitelle (singular vocative)
vitellī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: yitsãl

Istro-Romanian: viţe, viţelu

Megleno-Romanian: vițǫl, vițal

Romanian: vițel

Italo-Romance:

Corsican: vitellu

Italian: vitello

→ Piedmontese: vitel

Neapolitan: vitiello, vetiello

desc

Sicilian: viteddu, vitieddu, vuteddu, vutiddu

Padanian:

Emilian: vdèl, vedèl, vidèl

Friulian: vidiel

Lombard: vedèl

Ossolano: vèl

Piedmontese: vèil, vèl ⇒ veilat

Romansch: vadè, vadel

Venetan: vedeło, vedel

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: vél, viô, viau, veûzh

Valdôtain: véil, vil

Old French: veel

French: veau

→ English: veal

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Aragonese: vetiello

Belsetán: vetiecho

Vió: vetiello

Oriental: vediello

Ribagorçan: vediell, vedell

Catalan: vedell, videll

Occitan:

Auvergnat: vedèu

Gascon: vedèth, vetèth

Languedocien: vedèl, vodèl; vedèlh (meridional)

Limousin: vdèl, vdèu, vedéil, vedèl

Provençal: vedèu, vodèu

Vivaro-Alpine: vèu, vèl, vedèu, vedèl, vió

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: biteddu, bitedhu, bitellu, vitellu

Borrowings:

→ Portuguese: vitelo

→ Spanish: vitelo

[u̯ɪˈt̪ɛlːʲʊs̠]


cabo

la-noun

cabō m (genitive cabōnis); third declension

cabō (canonical masculine)
cabōnis (genitive)
cabō (nominative singular)
cabōnēs (nominative plural)
cabōnis (genitive singular)
cabōnum (genitive plural)
cabōnī (dative singular)
cabōnibus (dative plural)
cabōnem (accusative singular)
cabōnēs (accusative plural)
cabōne (ablative singular)
cabōnibus (ablative plural)
cabō (singular vocative)
cabōnēs (plural vocative)

Found in Late Latin; from a source akin to Khotanese [script needed] (kabä, “horse”), Persian کول (kaval, “slow, clumsy horse”) (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kaba, *kabala (“horse”)) and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla, “mare”), which could ultimately be of Proto-Indo-European origin.


equa

la-noun

equa f (genitive equae, masculine equus); first declension

equae (genitive)
equus (masculine)
equa (nominative singular)
equae (nominative plural)
equae (genitive singular)
equārum (genitive plural)
equae (dative singular)
equīs (dative plural)
equābus (dative plural)
equam (accusative singular)
equās (accusative plural)
equā (ablative singular)
equīs (ablative plural)
equābus (ablative plural)
equa (singular vocative)
equae (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: eapã, iapã

Istro-Romanian: iopĕ

Megleno-Romanian: iapă

Romanian: iapă

Rhaeto-Romance:

Romansch: iefna

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Franco-Provençal: égva

Old French: ewe, ive, iewe

Southern Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: egua, euga

Occitan: èga

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: yegua, egua

Old Galician-Portuguese: egua, egoa

Galician: egua

Portuguese: égua

Old Spanish: yegua

Spanish: yegua

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: ebba (Logudorese), ègua (Campidanese)

From equus (“horse”) + -a (feminine suffix).


porca

porca f (genitive porcae); first declension

porcae (genitive)
porca (nominative singular)
porcae (nominative plural)
porcae (genitive singular)
porcārum (genitive plural)
porcae (dative singular)
porcīs (dative plural)
porcam (accusative singular)
porcās (accusative plural)
porcā (ablative singular)
porcīs (ablative plural)
porca (singular vocative)
porcae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: poarcã

Catalan: porca

Galician: porca

Italian: porca

Megleno-Romanian: poarcă

Mirandese: puorca

Neapolitan: puorca

Occitan: pòrca

Portuguese: porca

Romanian: poarcă

Sicilian: porca

Spanish: puerca


porca

Galician: porca

Italian: porca

Romanian: porcoi

Old Spanish: puerca

Spanish: aporcar

Portuguese: alporquia

From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥ḱeh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“to dig”). Compare English furrow. Doublet of riga.

(agriculture) the ridge between two furrows; a balk; a lynchet


scrofa

scrōfa f (genitive scrōfae); first declension

scrōfa (canonical feminine)
scrōfae (genitive)
scrōfa (nominative singular)
scrōfae (nominative plural)
scrōfae (genitive singular)
scrōfārum (genitive plural)
scrōfae (dative singular)
scrōfīs (dative plural)
scrōfam (accusative singular)
scrōfās (accusative plural)
scrōfā (ablative singular)
scrōfīs (ablative plural)
scrōfa (singular vocative)
scrōfae (plural vocative)

Friulian: scrove

Venetan: scroa

French: écrou

Romanian: scroafă

Italian: scrofa

Occitan: escrova

Galician: escrófula

Portuguese: escrófula

Sicilian: scrofa

A non-Roman dialect form, originally "digger, rooter," from Proto-Indo-European *skrobʰ-h₂-, from *skrebʰ- (“to scrape”).

sow (female pig, especially one used for breeding)


auca

auca f (genitive aucae); first declension

aucae (genitive)
auca (nominative singular)
aucae (nominative plural)
aucae (genitive singular)
aucārum (genitive plural)
aucae (dative singular)
aucīs (dative plural)
aucam (accusative singular)
aucās (accusative plural)
aucā (ablative singular)
aucīs (ablative plural)
auca (singular vocative)
aucae (plural vocative)

Dalmatian:

jauca

Italo-Romance:

Italian: oca

→ Sardinian: oca

Sicilian: oca

North Italian:

Friulian: ocje, auce

Istriot: uoca

Ladin: alcia

Piedmontese: òca

Romansch: auca, oca, ocha

Venetan: oca

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: oca

Franco-Provençal: ôca, ôye

desctree

Old French: oie, oe, oue
Franc-Comtois: ôye
French: oie
Norman: ouaïe (Guernsey), ouaie (Jersey), ouée (continental Normandy)

Gascon: auca

→ Aragonese: auca

Occitan: auca

Ibero-Romance:

Leonese: ouca

Portuguese: Ouca (toponym)

Spanish: oca

From av- (“bird”) + -ica (relational suffix), with regular syncope of /ĭ/. Compare Latin auceps < *awikaps or aucella < avicella.
Attested in Avienius and late glosses.

Avienius
Boston
Brill
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
Leiden


vitulus

la-noun

vitulus m (genitive vitulī); second declension

vitulī (genitive)
vitulus (nominative singular)
vitulī (nominative plural)
vitulī (genitive singular)
vitulōrum (genitive plural)
vitulō (dative singular)
vitulīs (dative plural)
vitulum (accusative singular)
vitulōs (accusative plural)
vitulō (ablative singular)
vitulīs (ablative plural)
vitule (singular vocative)
vitulī (plural vocative)

Aromanian: vitulj, vituljiu

Romanian: vătui

→ Portuguese: vítulo

→ Sicilian: Vìtulu

→ Italian: Vitolo

→ Spanish: vítulo

[ˈu̯ɪt̪ʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

From Proto-Italic *wetelos, from Proto-Indo-European *wet- (“year”), same source as Ancient Greek ἔταλον (étalon), Albanian viç, English wether, Scots weddir, woddir, wadder (“wether”), Dutch weder, weer (“wether”), German Widder (“wether, ram”), Swedish vädur (“wether, ram”), Icelandic veður (“wether, ram”). See also Ancient Greek Ῑ̓ταλός (Ītalós).


agnella

agnella f (genitive agnellae); first declension

agnellae (genitive)
agnella (nominative singular)
agnellae (nominative plural)
agnellae (genitive singular)
agnellārum (genitive plural)
agnellae (dative singular)
agnellīs (dative plural)
agnellam (accusative singular)
agnellās (accusative plural)
agnellā (ablative singular)
agnellīs (ablative plural)
agnella (singular vocative)
agnellae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: njauã, njeauã, njalã

Catalan: anyella

French: agnelle

Italian: agnella

Occitan: anhèla

Romanian: mia, mială


veredus

verēdus m (genitive verēdī); second declension

verēdus (canonical masculine)
verēdī (genitive)
verēdus (nominative singular)
verēdī (nominative plural)
verēdī (genitive singular)
verēdōrum (genitive plural)
verēdō (dative singular)
verēdīs (dative plural)
verēdum (accusative singular)
verēdōs (accusative plural)
verēdō (ablative singular)
verēdīs (ablative plural)
verēde (singular vocative)
verēdī (plural vocative)

>? Galician: verea (or directly from Celtic)

>? Portuguese: vereda (or directly from Celtic)

>? Spanish: vereda (or directly from Celtic)

desctree

→ Byzantine Greek: βέρεδος (béredos), βέρηδος (bérēdos), βέραιδος (béraidos), βέρηδον (bérēdon), βέρεδον (béredon), βέραιδον (béraidon), βέριδον (béridon), βήριδον (bḗridon)
→ Arabic: بَرِيد (barīd)

[u̯ɛˈreːd̪ʊs̠]

From Gaulish *werēdos, from Proto-Celtic *uɸoreidos (“horse”) (compare Welsh gorwydd (“horse”)).

A fast or light breed of horse; courier's horse; hunter.


paraveredus

la-noun

paraverēdus m (genitive paraverēdī); second declension

paraverēdus (canonical masculine)
paraverēdī (genitive)
paraverēdus (nominative singular)
paraverēdī (nominative plural)
paraverēdī (genitive singular)
paraverēdōrum (genitive plural)
paraverēdō (dative singular)
paraverēdīs (dative plural)
paraverēdum (accusative singular)
paraverēdōs (accusative plural)
paraverēdō (ablative singular)
paraverēdīs (ablative plural)
paraverēde (singular vocative)
paraverēdī (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: palefreid, palefrei, palefroi, palefroid
→ Middle Dutch: palefroot
Dutch: palefroot
→ Middle English: palfrey
English: palfrey
Middle French: palefroy
French: palefroi

Old Occitan: palafré

Catalan: palafrè, palafré (Valencia)

→ Galician: palafrén

→ Italian: palafreno

→ Portuguese: palafrém

→ Spanish: palafrén

desc

→ Ancient Greek: παραβέρεδος (parabéredos)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *parafred (see there for further descendants)

[päräu̯ɛˈreːd̪ʊs̠]

From Ancient Greek παρά (pará) + verēdus, perhaps an analogical formation to parhippus from Ancient Greek πάριππος (párippos). Cf. epiraedium (“cart, barrow”), similarly formed of a Greek prefix and a Gaulish root, which may indicate a Gallo-Greek provenance in both cases.

(Late Latin) a horse for travel off public roads or to out of the way places

(specifically) a gift of palfrey (such a horse offered as a tribute by provincials to visiting public officials)


agaso

la-noun

agāsō m (genitive agāsōnis); third declension

agāsō (canonical masculine)
agāsōnis (genitive)
agāsō (nominative singular)
agāsōnēs (nominative plural)
agāsōnis (genitive singular)
agāsōnum (genitive plural)
agāsōnī (dative singular)
agāsōnibus (dative plural)
agāsōnem (accusative singular)
agāsōnēs (accusative plural)
agāsōne (ablative singular)
agāsōnibus (ablative plural)
agāsō (singular vocative)
agāsōnēs (plural vocative)

Italian: agasone

desc

Sardinian: agasone, asone, basone, basoni, gasone

A driver, especially one who drives and takes care of horses; groom, hostler, stable boy.


agna

la-noun

agna f (genitive agnae); first declension

agnae (genitive)
agna (nominative singular)
agnae (nominative plural)
agnae (genitive singular)
agnārum (genitive plural)
agnae (dative singular)
agnīs (dative plural)
agnam (accusative singular)
agnās (accusative plural)
agnā (ablative singular)
agnīs (ablative plural)
agna (singular vocative)
agnae (plural vocative)

From agnus (“lamb”) + -a (feminine suffix).


porculus

porculus m (genitive porculī); second declension

porculī (genitive)
of porcus (diminutive)
porculus (nominative singular)
porculī (nominative plural)
porculī (genitive singular)
porculōrum (genitive plural)
porculō (dative singular)
porculīs (dative plural)
porculum (accusative singular)
porculōs (accusative plural)
porculō (ablative singular)
porculīs (ablative plural)
porcule (singular vocative)
porculī (plural vocative)

Translingual: Helophorus porculus, Uromys porculus

[ˈpɔrkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]


porcella

porcella f (genitive porcellae); first declension

porcellae (genitive)
porcella (nominative singular)
porcellae (nominative plural)
porcellae (genitive singular)
porcellārum (genitive plural)
porcellae (dative singular)
porcellīs (dative plural)
porcellam (accusative singular)
porcellās (accusative plural)
porcellā (ablative singular)
porcellīs (ablative plural)
porcella (singular vocative)
porcellae (plural vocative)

Aromanian: purtseauã

Catalan: porcella

Italian: porcella

Romanian: purcea

Romansch: purtscheala

Sicilian: purcedda

Venetan: porseła

[pɔrˈkɛlːʲä]

(pre-Classical, Late Latin) female piglet


equester

equester m (genitive equestris); third declension

equestris (genitive)
equester (nominative singular)
equestrēs (nominative plural)
equestris (genitive singular)
equestrum (genitive plural)
equestrī (dative singular)
equestribus (dative plural)
equestrem (accusative singular)
equestrēs (accusative plural)
equestre (ablative singular)
equestribus (ablative plural)
equester (singular vocative)
equestrēs (plural vocative)

[ɛˈkʷɛs̠t̪ɛr]

From eques ("horseman, rider" stem-form equit-) + -ter, alternative form of -tris.


porcellus

la-noun

porcellus m (genitive porcellī); second declension

porcellī (genitive)
porcellus (nominative singular)
porcellī (nominative plural)
porcellī (genitive singular)
porcellōrum (genitive plural)
porcellō (dative singular)
porcellīs (dative plural)
porcellum (accusative singular)
porcellōs (accusative plural)
porcellō (ablative singular)
porcellīs (ablative plural)
porcelle (singular vocative)
porcellī (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

desc

Aromanian: purtsel, purtselu, pãrtsel, pãrtselu

Romanian: purcel

Italo-Romance:

Italian: porcello

Neapolitan: porcieddo

Sicilian: purceddu

Insular Romance:

Sardinian: porcheddu, purcheddu, porceddu, proceddu

North Italian:

Emilian: purzèl

Ladin: porcel

Romansch: purschè, purschel

Venetan: porseƚo, porselo, porsèl, porzèl

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: porcell

→ Spanish: porcel

Occitan: porcèl

Old French: porcel

French: pourceau

Walloon: pourcea

Borrowings:

→ Proto-Brythonic: *porxell (see there for further descendants)

[pɔrˈkɛlːʲʊs̠]

From porculus (“little pig”) + -lus, from porcus (“pig”).


pectorale

la-noun

pectorāle n (genitive pectorālis); third declension

pectorāle (canonical neuter)
pectorālis (genitive)
pectorāle (nominative singular)
pectorālia (nominative plural)
pectorālis (genitive singular)
pectorālium (genitive plural)
pectorālī (dative singular)
pectorālibus (dative plural)
pectorāle (accusative singular)
pectorālia (accusative plural)
pectorālī (ablative singular)
pectorālibus (ablative plural)
pectorāle (singular vocative)
pectorālia (plural vocative)

→ English: pectoral

French: peitral

Spanish: peitral

Polish: pektorał

[pɛkt̪ɔˈräːɫ̪ɛ]

From pectorālis (“of or pertaining to the breast”).

breastgirth, breastband, breaststrap, supporting the mammaries of a human female


bulga

bulga f (genitive bulgae); first declension

bulgae (genitive)
bulga (nominative singular)
bulgae (nominative plural)
bulgae (genitive singular)
bulgārum (genitive plural)
bulgae (dative singular)
bulgīs (dative plural)
bulgam (accusative singular)
bulgās (accusative plural)
bulgā (ablative singular)
bulgīs (ablative plural)
bulga (singular vocative)
bulgae (plural vocative)

→ Old French: bouge, boulge, bolge (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Gaulish bolgā, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.


capistrum

capistrum n (genitive capistrī); second declension

capistrī (genitive)
capistrum (nominative singular)
capistra (nominative plural)
capistrī (genitive singular)
capistrōrum (genitive plural)
capistrō (dative singular)
capistrīs (dative plural)
capistrum (accusative singular)
capistra (accusative plural)
capistrō (ablative singular)
capistrīs (ablative plural)
capistrum (singular vocative)
capistra (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: cãpestru

Romanian: căpăstru

Italo-Romance:

Italian: capestro

Sicilian: capistru, crapistu

North Italian:

Friulian: cjaviestri

⇒ Piedmontese: cavastra

Gallo-Romance:

Old French: chevestre

French: chevêtre

Catalan: cabestre

Occitan: cabestre

Nord-Occitan: chabestre; chabeitre (Vivaro-Alpine)

Ibero-Romance:

Galician: cabestro, cabresto

Portuguese: cabresto

Spanish: cabestro

Borrowings:

→ Albanian: kapistër

→ Old English: cæfester

→ Greek: καπίστρι (kapístri)

→ Portuguese: capistro

→ Welsh: cebystr

[käˈpɪs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]


stramentum

strāmentum n (genitive strāmentī); second declension

strāmentum (canonical neuter)
strāmentī (genitive)
strāmentum (nominative singular)
strāmenta (nominative plural)
strāmentī (genitive singular)
strāmentōrum (genitive plural)
strāmentō (dative singular)
strāmentīs (dative plural)
strāmentum (accusative singular)
strāmenta (accusative plural)
strāmentō (ablative singular)
strāmentīs (ablative plural)
strāmentum (singular vocative)
strāmenta (plural vocative)

[s̠t̪räːˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]


armentum

armentum n (genitive armentī); second declension

armentī (genitive)
armentum (nominative singular)
armenta (nominative plural)
armentī (genitive singular)
armentōrum (genitive plural)
armentō (dative singular)
armentīs (dative plural)
armentum (accusative singular)
armenta (accusative plural)
armentō (ablative singular)
armentīs (ablative plural)
armentum (singular vocative)
armenta (plural vocative)

Asturian: armentíu

Catalan: arment

Galician: armentío

Italian: armento

Portuguese: armento

[ärˈmɛn̪t̪ʊ̃ˑ]

A reanalysis of the older feminine singular armenta as a neuter plural, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er-mn̥-teh₂, from *h₂er- (“to join”) + *-mn̥ + *-teh₂. Semantic development was "grouping, joining" > "herd". Related to arma.
Others (included ancient Romans) refer it to arō (“to plow”).

1st century, L. Iunius Moderatus Columella, De Res Rustica, Book VI, Preface, Sect. 3

And so it is that iumenta and armenta draw their names from the fact that they aid our work either by bringing up burdens or by plowing.

Unde etiam iūmenta et armenta nōmina ā rē trāxēre quod nostrum labōrem vel onera subvectandō vel arandō iuvārent.

A draft animal, a large domestic animal suitable for drawing a plow: an ox, a horse.


lorum

lōrum n (genitive lōrī); second declension

lōrum (canonical neuter)
lōrī (genitive)
lōrum (nominative singular)
lōra (nominative plural)
lōrī (genitive singular)
lōrōrum (genitive plural)
lōrō (dative singular)
lōrīs (dative plural)
lōrum (accusative singular)
lōra (accusative plural)
lōrō (ablative singular)
lōrīs (ablative plural)
lōrum (singular vocative)
lōra (plural vocative)

→ Ancient Greek: λῶρος (lôros)

Galician: loro

Portuguese: loro

Possibly from an extinct, but Indo-European substrate language; or, possibly for *vlōrum, from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to turn, wind, round”), the same root as of volvō. Compare with Ancient Greek εὔληρα (eúlēra, “reins”), Old Armenian լար (lar).


sagma

la-noun

sagma f (genitive sagmae); first declension

sagmae (genitive)
sagma (nominative singular)
sagmae (nominative plural)
sagmae (genitive singular)
sagmārum (genitive plural)
sagmae (dative singular)
sagmīs (dative plural)
sagmam (accusative singular)
sagmās (accusative plural)
sagmā (ablative singular)
sagmīs (ablative plural)
sagma (singular vocative)
sagmae (plural vocative)

Vulgar Latin: *salma

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: salma

Sicilian: sarma

Occitano-Romance

Catalan: salma

⇒ Late Latin: sauma:

Franco-Provençal: sôma, sauma

Gallo-Italic

Ligurian: sòma

Piedmontese: sòma

Italo-Dalmatian

Italian: soma

Oïl

Old French: some

French: somme

Occitano-Romance

Occitan: sauma

→ Basque: zama

→ Proto-West Germanic: *saum (see there for further descendants)

From Ancient Greek σάγμα (ságma), from σάττω (sáttō, “to stuff, press, pack”).


numidica

numidica f (genitive numidicae); first declension

numidicae (genitive)
numidica (nominative singular)
numidicae (nominative plural)
numidicae (genitive singular)
numidicārum (genitive plural)
numidicae (dative singular)
numidicīs (dative plural)
numidicam (accusative singular)
numidicās (accusative plural)
numidicā (ablative singular)
numidicīs (ablative plural)
numidica (singular vocative)
numidicae (plural vocative)

[nʊˈmɪd̪ɪkä]

(historical) a kind of galliform found in Numidia


retinaculum

retināculum n (genitive retināculī); second declension

retināculum (canonical neuter)
retināculī (genitive)
retināculum (nominative singular)
retinācula (nominative plural)
retināculī (genitive singular)
retināculōrum (genitive plural)
retināculō (dative singular)
retināculīs (dative plural)
retināculum (accusative singular)
retinācula (accusative plural)
retināculō (ablative singular)
retināculīs (ablative plural)
retināculum (singular vocative)
retinācula (plural vocative)

Old Sardinian: [Term?]

Campidanese: ordinagus, odriàngulus

desc

Logudorese: redinagios, ordinagos, terinagos

Nuorese: retinacros, rodinacos

Sassarese: ridinaggi

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: retinacle

→ English: retinaculum

→ French: rétinacle

→ Spanish: retináculo

[rɛt̪ɪˈnäːkʊɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]

holdfast, tether, halter, hawser, band (also on chariots or ships)


porcarius

la-adj

porcārius (feminine porcāria, neuter porcārium); first/second-declension adjective

porcārius (canonical)
porcāria (feminine)
porcārium (neuter)
porcārius (masculine nominative singular)
porcāria (feminine nominative singular)
porcārium (neuter nominative singular)
porcāriī (masculine nominative plural)
porcāriae (feminine nominative plural)
porcāria (neuter nominative plural)
porcāriī (genitive masculine singular)
porcāriae (feminine genitive singular)
porcāriī (genitive neuter singular)
porcāriōrum (genitive masculine plural)
porcāriārum (feminine genitive plural)
porcāriōrum (genitive neuter plural)
porcāriō (dative masculine singular)
porcāriae (dative feminine singular)
porcāriō (dative neuter singular)
porcāriīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
porcārium (accusative masculine singular)
porcāriam (accusative feminine singular)
porcārium (accusative neuter singular)
porcāriōs (accusative masculine plural)
porcāriās (accusative feminine plural)
porcāria (accusative neuter plural)
porcāriō (ablative masculine singular)
porcāriā (ablative feminine singular)
porcāriō (ablative neuter singular)
porcāriīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
porcārie (masculine singular vocative)
porcāria (feminine singular vocative)
porcārium (neuter singular vocative)
porcāriī (masculine plural vocative)
porcāriae (feminine plural vocative)
porcāria (neuter plural vocative)

From porcus (“pig, swine”) + -ārius (suffix forming relational adjectives and agent nouns).


iunix

la-noun

iūnīx f (genitive iūnīcis); third declension

iūnīx (canonical feminine)
iūnīcis (genitive)
iūnīx (nominative singular)
iūnīcēs (nominative plural)
iūnīcis (genitive singular)
iūnīcum (genitive plural)
iūnīcī (dative singular)
iūnīcibus (dative plural)
iūnīcem (accusative singular)
iūnīcēs (accusative plural)
iūnīce (ablative singular)
iūnīcibus (ablative plural)
iūnīx (singular vocative)
iūnīcēs (plural vocative)

French: génisse

Norman: geniche

Occitan: junèga

Romanian: junincă, junice


bucula

būcula f (genitive būculae); first declension

būcula (canonical feminine)
būculae (genitive)
būcula (nominative singular)
būculae (nominative plural)
būculae (genitive singular)
būculārum (genitive plural)
būculae (dative singular)
būculīs (dative plural)
būculam (accusative singular)
būculās (accusative plural)
būculā (ablative singular)
būculīs (ablative plural)
būcula (singular vocative)
būculae (plural vocative)


burricus

burricus m (genitive burricī); second declension

burricī (genitive)
burricus (nominative singular)
burricī (nominative plural)
burricī (genitive singular)
burricōrum (genitive plural)
burricō (dative singular)
burricīs (dative plural)
burricum (accusative singular)
burricōs (accusative plural)
burricō (ablative singular)
burricīs (ablative plural)
burrice (singular vocative)
burricī (plural vocative)

Galician: burrico, ⇒ burro

Portuguese: burrico, ⇒ burro

Spanish: borrico, ⇒ burro

→ French: bourrique

→ English: burro

→ Sardinian: burricu

→ Tagalog: buriko

From burrus (“red, reddish-brown”). Possibly a contamination of an original form būricus (“small horse”) with a long vowel and a single -r-.


ephippium

ephippium n (genitive ephippiī or ephippī); second declension

ephippiī (genitive)
ephippī (genitive)
ephippium (nominative singular)
ephippia (nominative plural)
ephippiī (genitive singular)
ephippī (genitive singular)
ephippiōrum (genitive plural)
ephippiō (dative singular)
ephippiīs (dative plural)
ephippium (accusative singular)
ephippia (accusative plural)
ephippiō (ablative singular)
ephippiīs (ablative plural)
ephippium (singular vocative)
ephippia (plural vocative)

[ɛˈpʰɪpːiʊ̃ˑ]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐφίππιον (ephíppion).

A saddlecloth, horsecloth, or caparison; housing.


forda

forda f (genitive fordae); first declension

fordae (genitive)
forda (nominative singular)
fordae (nominative plural)
fordae (genitive singular)
fordārum (genitive plural)
fordae (dative singular)
fordīs (dative plural)
fordam (accusative singular)
fordās (accusative plural)
fordā (ablative singular)
fordīs (ablative plural)
forda (singular vocative)
fordae (plural vocative)

From Proto-Italic *for(i)dā, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰor-id-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- + Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂ (forming in this case masculine nouns), thus the literal sense of "bearer (of the calf)".


mannus

mannus m (genitive mannī); second declension

mannī (genitive)
mannus (nominative singular)
mannī (nominative plural)
mannī (genitive singular)
mannōrum (genitive plural)
mannō (dative singular)
mannīs (dative plural)
mannum (accusative singular)
mannōs (accusative plural)
mannō (ablative singular)
mannīs (ablative plural)
manne (singular vocative)
mannī (plural vocative)

Compare Romanian mânz (“foal, colt”) and Albanian mëz (“foal, colt”).


avertarius

āvertārius m (genitive āvertāriī or āvertārī); second declension

āvertārius (canonical masculine)
āvertāriī (genitive)
āvertārī (genitive)
āvertārius (nominative singular)
āvertāriī (nominative plural)
āvertāriī (genitive singular)
āvertārī (genitive singular)
āvertāriōrum (genitive plural)
āvertāriō (dative singular)
āvertāriīs (dative plural)
āvertārium (accusative singular)
āvertāriōs (accusative plural)
āvertāriō (ablative singular)
āvertāriīs (ablative plural)
āvertārie (singular vocative)
āvertāriī (plural vocative)


equulus

equulus m (genitive equulī); second declension

equulī (genitive)
equulus (nominative singular)
equulī (nominative plural)
equulī (genitive singular)
equulōrum (genitive plural)
equulō (dative singular)
equulīs (dative plural)
equulum (accusative singular)
equulōs (accusative plural)
equulō (ablative singular)
equulīs (ablative plural)
equule (singular vocative)
equulī (plural vocative)


arcionem

arciōnem (canonical masculine)
/arˈt͡ʃoni/ (nominative plural)
/arˈt͡ʃone/ (oblique singular)
/arˈt͡ʃones/ (oblique plural)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: arcione

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: arçó

Old French: arçon, archon (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: arçon

Ibero-Romance:

Old Galician-Portuguese: arçon

Galician: arzón

Portuguese: arção

Old Spanish: arzon, arçon

Spanish: arzón

From Latin arcus (“bow”) + -iōnem (diminutive ending).


vaccula

la-noun

vaccula f (genitive vacculae); first declension

vacculae (genitive)
vaccula (nominative singular)
vacculae (nominative plural)
vacculae (genitive singular)
vacculārum (genitive plural)
vacculae (dative singular)
vacculīs (dative plural)
vacculam (accusative singular)
vacculās (accusative plural)
vacculā (ablative singular)
vacculīs (ablative plural)
vaccula (singular vocative)
vacculae (plural vocative)

[ˈu̯äkːʊɫ̪ä]

vacca (“cow”) + -ula (diminutive suffix).


gilvus

la-adj

gilvus (feminine gilva, neuter gilvum); first/second-declension adjective

gilva (feminine)
gilvum (neuter)
gilvus (masculine nominative singular)
gilva (feminine nominative singular)
gilvum (neuter nominative singular)
gilvī (masculine nominative plural)
gilvae (feminine nominative plural)
gilva (neuter nominative plural)
gilvī (genitive masculine singular)
gilvae (feminine genitive singular)
gilvī (genitive neuter singular)
gilvōrum (genitive masculine plural)
gilvārum (feminine genitive plural)
gilvōrum (genitive neuter plural)
gilvō (dative masculine singular)
gilvae (dative feminine singular)
gilvō (dative neuter singular)
gilvīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
gilvum (accusative masculine singular)
gilvam (accusative feminine singular)
gilvum (accusative neuter singular)
gilvōs (accusative masculine plural)
gilvās (accusative feminine plural)
gilva (accusative neuter plural)
gilvō (ablative masculine singular)
gilvā (ablative feminine singular)
gilvō (ablative neuter singular)
gilvīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
gilve (masculine singular vocative)
gilva (feminine singular vocative)
gilvum (neuter singular vocative)
gilvī (masculine plural vocative)
gilvae (feminine plural vocative)
gilva (neuter plural vocative)

[ˈɡɪɫ̪u̯ʊs̠]

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵilh₃wós, from *ǵeylh₃- (dialectal variant of *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”)) + *-wós (whence -vus). Compare helvus, fulvus, flāvus.

dun-colored, pale yellow (only used for horses)


buculus

la-noun

būculus m (genitive būculī); second declension

būculus (canonical masculine)
būculī (genitive)
būculus (nominative singular)
būculī (nominative plural)
būculī (genitive singular)
būculōrum (genitive plural)
būculō (dative singular)
būculīs (dative plural)
būculum (accusative singular)
būculōs (accusative plural)
būculō (ablative singular)
būculīs (ablative plural)
būcule (singular vocative)
būculī (plural vocative)

desctree

Old French: bugle
→ Middle English: bugle (through Anglo-Norman)
English: bugle
→ French: bugle
French: beugler

[ˈbuːkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]

bōs (“cow”) + -culus (diminutive suffix)


porcetra

la-noun

porcētra f (genitive porcētrae); first declension

porcētra (canonical feminine)
porcētrae (genitive)
porcētra (nominative singular)
porcētrae (nominative plural)
porcētrae (genitive singular)
porcētrārum (genitive plural)
porcētrae (dative singular)
porcētrīs (dative plural)
porcētram (accusative singular)
porcētrās (accusative plural)
porcētrā (ablative singular)
porcētrīs (ablative plural)
porcētra (singular vocative)
porcētrae (plural vocative)


oreae

ōreae f pl (genitive ōreārum); first declension

ōreae (canonical feminine plural)
ōreārum (genitive)
ōreae (nominative plural)
ōreārum (genitive plural)
ōreīs (dative plural)
ōreās (accusative plural)
ōreīs (ablative plural)
ōreae (plural vocative)

From ōs (“mouth”) + -eus: "that which is inserted into the mouth, mouth-pieces".

(plural only) the bit and reins of a horse, bridle


equiria

equī̆ria n pl (genitive equī̆rium or equī̆riōrum); third declension

equī̆ria (canonical neuter plural)
equī̆rium (genitive)
equī̆riōrum (genitive)
equī̆ria (nominative plural)
equī̆rium (genitive plural)
equī̆riōrum (genitive plural)
equī̆ribus (dative plural)
equī̆riīs (dative plural)
equī̆ria (accusative plural)
equī̆ribus (ablative plural)
equī̆riīs (ablative plural)
equī̆ria (plural vocative)

From equus (“horse”), possibly combined with the root of currō "to run".

(plural only) The two annual horse races held in honour of Mars


adasia

adasia f (genitive adasiae); first declension

adasiae (genitive)
adasia (nominative singular)
adasiae (nominative plural)
adasiae (genitive singular)
adasiārum (genitive plural)
adasiae (dative singular)
adasiīs (dative plural)
adasiam (accusative singular)
adasiās (accusative plural)
adasiā (ablative singular)
adasiīs (ablative plural)
adasia (singular vocative)
adasiae (plural vocative)

Unknown, possibly from Paleo-Balkan; compare Albanian dash.

An old sheep that has recently given birth to a lamb


querquedula

querquedula f (genitive querquedulae); first declension

querquedulae (genitive)
querquedula (nominative singular)
querquedulae (nominative plural)
querquedulae (genitive singular)
querquedulārum (genitive plural)
querquedulae (dative singular)
querquedulīs (dative plural)
querquedulam (accusative singular)
querquedulās (accusative plural)
querquedulā (ablative singular)
querquedulīs (ablative plural)
querquedula (singular vocative)
querquedulae (plural vocative)

French: sarcelle

[kʷɛrˈkʷɛd̪ʊɫ̪ä]

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-, imitative of harsh sounds, from *ḱer-, same source as cornix (“crow”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


apica

la-noun

apīca f (genitive apīcae); first declension

apīca (canonical feminine)
apīcae (genitive)
apīca (nominative singular)
apīcae (nominative plural)
apīcae (genitive singular)
apīcārum (genitive plural)
apīcae (dative singular)
apīcīs (dative plural)
apīcam (accusative singular)
apīcās (accusative plural)
apīcā (ablative singular)
apīcīs (ablative plural)
apīca (singular vocative)
apīcae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἄποκος (ápokos, “without nap, not shorn”).


equile

la-noun

equīle n (genitive equīlis); third declension

equīle (canonical neuter)
equīlis (genitive)
equīle (nominative singular)
equīlia (nominative plural)
equīlis (genitive singular)
equīlium (genitive plural)
equīlī (dative singular)
equīlibus (dative plural)
equīle (accusative singular)
equīlia (accusative plural)
equīlī (ablative singular)
equīlibus (ablative plural)
equīle (singular vocative)
equīlia (plural vocative)


postilena

postilēna f (genitive postilēnae); first declension

postilēna (canonical feminine)
postilēnae (genitive)
postilēna (nominative singular)
postilēnae (nominative plural)
postilēnae (genitive singular)
postilēnārum (genitive plural)
postilēnae (dative singular)
postilēnīs (dative plural)
postilēnam (accusative singular)
postilēnās (accusative plural)
postilēnā (ablative singular)
postilēnīs (ablative plural)
postilēna (singular vocative)
postilēnae (plural vocative)

Italian: pósola, posolina

Sicilian: pistulena

Venetan: pósena

[pɔs̠t̪ɪˈɫ̪eːnä]

Ita te aggerunda curvom aqua faciam probe

I’ll make you so thoroughly bent with carrying water that a crupper might be manufactured out of you.

crupper (contrivance to keep a saddle from sliding forward)


antilena

antilēna f (genitive antilēnae); first declension

antilēna (canonical feminine)
antilēnae (genitive)
antilēna (nominative singular)
antilēnae (nominative plural)
antilēnae (genitive singular)
antilēnārum (genitive plural)
antilēnae (dative singular)
antilēnīs (dative plural)
antilēnam (accusative singular)
antilēnās (accusative plural)
antilēnā (ablative singular)
antilēnīs (ablative plural)
antilēna (singular vocative)
antilēnae (plural vocative)

[än̪t̪ɪˈɫ̪eːnä]

[än̪t̪iˈlɛːnä]

breast-girth (contrivance to keep a saddle from sliding back)


hippopera

hippopēra f (genitive hippopērae); first declension

hippopēra (canonical feminine)
hippopērae (genitive)
hippopēra (nominative singular)
hippopērae (nominative plural)
hippopērae (genitive singular)
hippopērārum (genitive plural)
hippopērae (dative singular)
hippopērīs (dative plural)
hippopēram (accusative singular)
hippopērās (accusative plural)
hippopērā (ablative singular)
hippopērīs (ablative plural)
hippopēra (singular vocative)
hippopērae (plural vocative)

From Ancient Greek ἱπποπήρα (hippopḗra).

M. Cato Censorius, quem tam rei publicae fuit nasci quam Scipionem (alter enim cum hostibus nostris bellum, alter cum moribus gessit), cantherio vehebatur et hippoperis quidem impositis, ut secum utilia portaret.

c. 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae morales ad Lucilium 87.9

Cato the Elder, him being born indeed healsome for the society like Scipio (for the one fought war with our foes, the other without our mores), rode along with a gelding and merely two saddlebags on it to stow his belongings.

1680, Franciszek à Mesgnien Meninski, “خرجین”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum (in Ottoman Turkish, Turkish, Latin, German, Italian, French, and Polish), Vienna, column 1878:

خرجین churḡīn, & خرجینه churḡīne, i. q. خرج churḡ. Hippopera.

خرجین churḡīn, & خرجینه churḡīne, i. q. خرج churḡ. Saddle-bag.


bisaccium

bisaccium n (genitive bisacciī or bisaccī); second declension

bisacciī (genitive)
bisaccī (genitive)
bisaccium (nominative singular)
bisaccia (nominative plural)
bisacciī (genitive singular)
bisaccī (genitive singular)
bisacciōrum (genitive plural)
bisacciō (dative singular)
bisacciīs (dative plural)
bisaccium (accusative singular)
bisaccia (accusative plural)
bisacciō (ablative singular)
bisacciīs (ablative plural)
bisaccium (singular vocative)
bisaccia (plural vocative)

Dalmatian: bisuog

→ Czech: bisaci, bisahy

desctree

→ Polish: bisaga
→ Russian: бися́га (bisjága)
→ Ukrainian: би́са́ги (býsáhy), бе́са́ги (bésáhy)

→ Hungarian: besagi

→ Serbo-Croatian: bisag m, bìsaga f

→ Slovene: bisāga

→ Lower Sorbian: bisagi pl

French: besace, bissac

Italian: bisaccia

Piedmontese: bersac, bersacca

Provençal: bissac, bisac

Romanian: desagă f, desag m

Sicilian: visazza

Spanish: bezaza, bizaza, biaza

→ Old English: bīsæc

English: bysack

desc

→ Byzantine Greek: δισάκιον (disákion), δισάκκιον (disákkion), δισάκκι (disákki)

Greek: δισάκι (disáki), βισάκι (visáki)

→ Bulgarian: бисаги (bisagi), дисаги pl (disagi) (dialectal)

[bɪˈs̠äkːiʊ̃ˑ]

Ceterum in promulsidari asellus erat Corinthius cum bisaccio positus, qui habebat olivas in altera parte albas, in altera nigras.

c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 31.9

And in the foretray there was a Corinthian asslet with a wallet having olives in one end light and in one end dark.

double saddlebag, twofold horse-holdall, wallet


runcinus

la-noun

runcīnus m (genitive runcīnī); second declension

runcīnus (canonical masculine)
runcīnī (genitive)
runcīnus (nominative singular)
runcīnī (nominative plural)
runcīnī (genitive singular)
runcīnōrum (genitive plural)
runcīnō (dative singular)
runcīnīs (dative plural)
runcīnum (accusative singular)
runcīnōs (accusative plural)
runcīnō (ablative singular)
runcīnīs (ablative plural)
runcīne (singular vocative)
runcīnī (plural vocative)

Ultimately likely from Proto-Germanic *hrussą.


cursarius

cursārius m (genitive cursāriī or cursārī); second declension

cursārius (canonical masculine)
cursāriī (genitive)
cursārī (genitive)
cursārius (nominative singular)
cursāriī (nominative plural)
cursāriī (genitive singular)
cursārī (genitive singular)
cursāriōrum (genitive plural)
cursāriō (dative singular)
cursāriīs (dative plural)
cursārium (accusative singular)
cursāriōs (accusative plural)
cursāriō (ablative singular)
cursāriīs (ablative plural)
cursārie (singular vocative)
cursāriī (plural vocative)

→ Catalan: corsari, cossari

→ Icelandic: kussari

→ Old French: corsier, corser, cursier

French: coursier

→ Catalan: corser

→ Middle English: courser (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: corcel

desctree

→ Italian: corsaro
→ Arabic: قُرْصَان (qurṣān)
→ French: corsaire
→ English: corsair
→ German: Korsar
→ Ottoman Turkish: قرصان, قورصان
Turkish: korsan
→ Romanian: corsar
→ Serbo-Croatian: gȕsār (likely)
→ Hungarian: huszár
→ French: hussard, houssard
→ English: hussar
→ Spanish: húsar
→ German: Husar
→ Dutch: huzaar
→ Italian: ussaro
→ Medieval Latin: husārō
→ Polish: husarz
→ Serbo-Croatian: hȕsār

→ Portuguese: corsário

→ Sicilian: cursaru

→ Spanish: corsario


pullastra

la-noun

pullastra f (genitive pullastrae); first declension

pullastrae (genitive)
pullastra (nominative singular)
pullastrae (nominative plural)
pullastrae (genitive singular)
pullastrārum (genitive plural)
pullastrae (dative singular)
pullastrīs (dative plural)
pullastram (accusative singular)
pullastrās (accusative plural)
pullastrā (ablative singular)
pullastrīs (ablative plural)
pullastra (singular vocative)
pullastrae (plural vocative)

Italian: pollastro, pollastra

Sicilian: puḍḍastru, puḍḍastra

Catalan: pollastre

in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)


pullicenus

pullicēnus m (genitive pullicēnī); second declension

pullicēnus (canonical masculine)
pullicēnī (genitive)
pullicēnus (nominative singular)
pullicēnī (nominative plural)
pullicēnī (genitive singular)
pullicēnōrum (genitive plural)
pullicēnō (dative singular)
pullicēnīs (dative plural)
pullicēnum (accusative singular)
pullicēnōs (accusative plural)
pullicēnō (ablative singular)
pullicēnīs (ablative plural)
pullicēne (singular vocative)
pullicēnī (plural vocative)

French: poussin

Italian: pulcino

Sicilian: puḍḍicinu

[pʊlːʲɪˈkeːnʊs̠]


subulcus

subulcus m (genitive subulcī); second declension

subulcī (genitive)
subulcus (nominative singular)
subulcī (nominative plural)
subulcī (genitive singular)
subulcōrum (genitive plural)
subulcō (dative singular)
subulcīs (dative plural)
subulcum (accusative singular)
subulcōs (accusative plural)
subulcō (ablative singular)
subulcīs (ablative plural)
subulce (singular vocative)
subulcī (plural vocative)

[s̠ʊˈbʊɫ̪kʊs̠]

From sus (“pig, swine”) + -bulcus (“-herd: tender of, carer of”). Compare Ancient Greek σῠβώτης (subṓtēs).

suffix

...nec subulci, nec bubulci...
...neither swineherds nor cowherds...

swineherd, a farmer or farmhand who raises and cares for pigs


fartor

la-noun

fartor m (genitive fartōris); third declension

fartōris (genitive)
fartor (nominative singular)
fartōrēs (nominative plural)
fartōris (genitive singular)
fartōrum (genitive plural)
fartōrī (dative singular)
fartōribus (dative plural)
fartōrem (accusative singular)
fartōrēs (accusative plural)
fartōre (ablative singular)
fartōribus (ablative plural)
fartor (singular vocative)
fartōrēs (plural vocative)


aprugnus

aprugnus m (genitive aprugnī); second declension

aprugnī (genitive)
aprugnus (nominative singular)
aprugnī (nominative plural)
aprugnī (genitive singular)
aprugnōrum (genitive plural)
aprugnō (dative singular)
aprugnīs (dative plural)
aprugnum (accusative singular)
aprugnōs (accusative plural)
aprugnō (ablative singular)
aprugnīs (ablative plural)
aprugne (singular vocative)
aprugnī (plural vocative)


mariscalcus

mariscalcus m (genitive mariscalcī); second declension

mariscalcī (genitive)
mariscalcus (nominative singular)
mariscalcī (nominative plural)
mariscalcī (genitive singular)
mariscalcōrum (genitive plural)
mariscalcō (dative singular)
mariscalcīs (dative plural)
mariscalcum (accusative singular)
mariscalcōs (accusative plural)
mariscalcō (ablative singular)
mariscalcīs (ablative plural)
mariscalce (singular vocative)
mariscalcī (plural vocative)

Boston
Brill
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
Leiden
la:marescalcus

desc

Old French: mareschal, marchal, marescal, marescald, marescalc, marschal (see there for further descendants)

Franco-Provençal: marechâl

Brionnais: marétsau

Fribourgeois: martsô

Italian: maniscalco (possibly mediated through early Gallo-Romance)

[märɪs̠ˈkäɫ̪kʊs̠]

Borrowed from Frankish *marhaskalk (“groom”), from *marh (“horse”) + *skalk (“attendant”). Compare siniscalcus.

bor+

groom (attendant who looks after a horse)