abies

la-noun

abiēs f (genitive abietis); third declension

abiēs (canonical feminine)
abietis (genitive)
abiēs (nominative singular)
abietēs (nominative plural)
abietis (genitive singular)
abietum (genitive plural)
abietī (dative singular)
abietibus (dative plural)
abietem (accusative singular)
abietēs (accusative plural)
abiete (ablative singular)
abietibus (ablative plural)
abiēs (singular vocative)
abietēs (plural vocative)

Italo-Romance:

Italian: abéte

Neapolitan: apeto

>? Sicilian: abbitu

Padanian:

Emilian: aved

Ligurian: aveo, avé

Romagnol: abét, abēt (Ville Unite)

Venetan: albeo (infl. by albus 'white')

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: avet

Old Occitan: abet, avet

Occitan: avet

Ibero-Romance:

desctree

Aragonese: abet, abete
→ Spanish: abeto, abete (obsolete) (or from Catalan)
→ Asturian: abetu
→ Galician: abeto, pinabete
→ Portuguese: abeto

Borrowings:

→⇒ English: abietic

→ Esperanto: abio

→ French: abies

→ Ido: abieto

Usually connected with the Ancient Greek hapax ἄβιν (ábin, “silver fir or similar conifer”), both reflecting a root *abi-, ultimately likely from a substrate source.

the silver fir (Abies alba), the silver-fir's wood


pinus

la-noun

pīnus f (variously declined, genitive pīnūs or pīnī); fourth declension, second declension

pīnus (canonical feminine)
pīnūs (genitive)
pīnī (genitive)
pīnus (nominative singular)
pīnūs (nominative plural)
pīnī (nominative plural)
pīnūs (genitive singular)
pīnī (genitive singular)
pīnuum (genitive plural)
pīnōrum (genitive plural)
pīnuī (dative singular)
pīnō (dative singular)
pīnibus (dative plural)
pīnīs (dative plural)
pīnum (accusative singular)
pīnūs (accusative plural)
pīnōs (accusative plural)
pīnū (ablative singular)
pīnō (ablative singular)
pīnibus (ablative plural)
pīnīs (ablative plural)
pīnus (singular vocative)
pīne (singular vocative)
pīnūs (plural vocative)
pīnī (plural vocative)

Aragonese: pino

Aromanian: chin

Asturian: pinu

Corsican: pinu

French: pin

Friulian: pin

Italian: pino

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: pinho, pino (archaic)
Fala: pinu
Galician: piño
Portuguese: pinho

Old Occitan: pin

Catalan: pi

Occitan: pin

Romanian: pin

Romansch: pin, pegn

Sardinian: opinu

Sicilian: pignu

Spanish: pino

Translingual: Pinus

Venetan: pin

→ Basque: pinu

→ Proto-West Germanic: *pīnā (see there for further descendants)

→ Irish: péine, pín

→ Welsh: pin

From Proto-Italic *pīnos, of disputed origin, with multiple theories proposed:
* From the same origin as Ancient Greek πῐ́νᾰξ (pínax, “wooden board, plank”).
* From the same origin as Ancient Greek πίτῠς (pítus, “pine tree”) and Albanian pishë (“id”), which is generally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *pī́ts.
* Related to pix (“pitch, tar”), itself generally considered of the same origin as the second etymology above.
See also Sanskrit पितु (pitu, “sap, juice, resin”).


cedrus

la-noun

cedrus f (genitive cedrī); second declension

cedrī (genitive)
cedrus (nominative singular)
cedrī (nominative plural)
cedrī (genitive singular)
cedrōrum (genitive plural)
cedrō (dative singular)
cedrīs (dative plural)
cedrum (accusative singular)
cedrōs (accusative plural)
cedrō (ablative singular)
cedrīs (ablative plural)
cedre (singular vocative)
cedrī (plural vocative)

Catalan: cedre

Galician: cidreira

Italian: cedro

Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Bokmål: seder

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: seder

Old French: cedre

French: cèdre (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: cedre (see there for further descendants)

Norman: cèdre

→ Polish: cedr

Portuguese: cedro

Romanian: cedru

→ Russian: кедр (kedr)

Spanish: cedro

→ Proto-West Germanic: *cedru (see there for further descendants)

Translingual: Cedrus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros, “applied to species of Juniperus and similar trees”). Compare with its possible mutation citrus.

bor

Juniperus oxycedrus
Juniperus oxycedrus#Translingual


iuniperus

la-noun

iūniperus f (genitive iūniperī); second declension

iūniperus (canonical feminine)
iūniperī (genitive)
iūniperus (nominative singular)
iūniperī (nominative plural)
iūniperī (genitive singular)
iūniperōrum (genitive plural)
iūniperō (dative singular)
iūniperīs (dative plural)
iūniperum (accusative singular)
iūniperōs (accusative plural)
iūniperō (ablative singular)
iūniperīs (ablative plural)
iūnipere (singular vocative)
iūniperī (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Aromanian: giuneapini, giuneapine

Romanian: jneapăn, jnepen, jneapăr

Borrowed:

→ Portuguese: junípero

→? Romanian: ienupăr

→ Spanish: junípero

→ Translingual: Juniperus, Juniperites

Italo-Romance:

Italian: ginepro

Sicilian: jinìparu

Insular Romance:

Old Sardinian: [Term?]

Gallurese: niparu

Logudorese: nibaru

Sassarese: zinibbari

North Italian:

Gallo-Italic:

Emilian: zenvar, znever

Lombard: zenivru, zanibru, zenever

Ligurian: zeneivro (medieval), zenêvu

desc

Piedmontese: zenèiver, geneiver, znèivr, znèj, genéj, znavr, zneivar

Venetan: xenevro

Rhaeto-Romance:

Friulian: zenevre

Ladin: jeneivar

Romansch: ganaivar, jünaivar, geneivar

Gallo-Romance:

Catalan: ginebre

Old Franco-Provençal: genevro

Franco-Provençal: genêvro

Old French: genevre (see there for further descendants)

Occitan: genibre, genèbre, genebre

Gascon: genèbre, ginèbre

→ Middle Breton: genevreg

Ibero-Romance:

Aragonese: chinepro, chinipro, chinebro, chinabro, chinarro

Old Galician-Portuguese: *jĩebro, *jĩbro

Galician: cimbro

Portuguese: zimbro

Spanish: enebro

Borrowings:

→ Basque: ipuru

→? Old Norse: einir (see there for further descendants)

Often connected to iūncus (“reed”). According to Brüch, after the form combrētum, the Latin expected form would be *iūniber, *iūnibrī. The form iūniperus, following him, is a pseudo-Latinism by Sabine speakers, who, themselves in the land of junipers as ancient relations and the terms for particular species catanum and herba Sabīna witness, have borrowed the original form from Umbrian, and knowing the Umbrian correspondence of br to pr and elision of vowels loaned the plant name in the shape iūniperus, iūniperī, in spite of the language of the Latium regularly exposing the nominative singular ending -erus only from old -esos while -er for old -ros.
Often connected to Old Norse einir (“juniper”), supposedly from a Proto-Germanic *(j)ainijaz of the same meaning, through a common Indo-European origin or wanderwort.


larix

la-noun

larix f (genitive laricis); third declension

laricis (genitive)
larix (nominative singular)
laricēs (nominative plural)
laricis (genitive singular)
laricum (genitive plural)
laricī (dative singular)
laricibus (dative plural)
laricem (accusative singular)
laricēs (accusative plural)
larice (ablative singular)
laricibus (ablative plural)
larix (singular vocative)
laricēs (plural vocative)

Franco-Provençal: larze

Ligurian: arzo

Lombard: lares, lars, larza

Borrowings:

→ Basque: laritz

→ Catalan: làrix

→ Dutch: lariks

→ Georgian: ლარიქსი (lariksi)

→ Greek: λάρικας (lárikas)

→ Irish: learóg

→ Italian: larice

→ Portuguese: lariço

→ Romanian: larice

→ Scottish Gaelic: learag

→ Spanish: lárice

→ Translingual: Larix

→ Proto-West Germanic: *larikā (see there for further descendants)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ariš

From Ancient Greek λάριξ (lárix), possibly a loan from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *daru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru.


taxus

taxus f (genitive taxī); second declension

taxī (genitive)
taxus (nominative singular)
taxī (nominative plural)
taxī (genitive singular)
taxōrum (genitive plural)
taxō (dative singular)
taxīs (dative plural)
taxum (accusative singular)
taxōs (accusative plural)
taxō (ablative singular)
taxīs (ablative plural)
taxe (singular vocative)
taxī (plural vocative)

Asturian: texu

Catalan: teix

French: taxacées

Italian: tasso

Old Galician-Portuguese:

Galician: teixo

Portuguese: teixo

Spanish: tejo

Venetan: taso

→? Esperanto: taksuso

Ido: taxuso

→ Translingual: Taxus

A loanword of Scythian origin, from Proto-Iranian *taxša, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to flee, run”), as the fruit was considered poisonous. Also compare modern Persian تخش (taxš, “crossbow”).

der

[ˈt̪äks̠ʊs̠]

(poetic) A javelin made of the wood of the yew tree.


taxus

la-noun

taxus m (genitive taxī); second declension

Galician: teixo

Italian: tasso

From Frankish *þahs, from Proto-Germanic *þahsuz (“badger”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- (“construct”) after the badger's construction of its setts. However see also Gaulish taksos (Delamarre, 2003).

[ˈt̪äks̠ʊs̠]


picea

picea f (genitive piceae); first declension

piceae (genitive)
picea (nominative singular)
piceae (nominative plural)
piceae (genitive singular)
piceārum (genitive plural)
piceae (dative singular)
piceīs (dative plural)
piceam (accusative singular)
piceās (accusative plural)
piceā (ablative singular)
piceīs (ablative plural)
picea (singular vocative)
piceae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Picea


cupressus

cupressus f (genitive cupressī); second declension

cupressus f (genitive cupressūs); fourth declension

cupressus m (genitive cupressī); second declension

cupressī (genitive)
cupressūs (genitive)
cupressī (genitive)
cupressus (nominative singular)
cupressī (nominative plural)
cupressī (genitive singular)
cupressōrum (genitive plural)
cupressō (dative singular)
cupressīs (dative plural)
cupressum (accusative singular)
cupressōs (accusative plural)
cupressō (ablative singular)
cupressīs (ablative plural)
cupresse (singular vocative)
cupressī (plural vocative)

→ Aragonese: cupreso (Sarrablés)

Catalan: ciprés, ciprer, xiprer

→ English: cypress

→ French: cyprès

→ Italian: cipresso

→ Norman: cyprès (Jersey)

Piedmontese: sipress

Portuguese: cipreste

→ Spanish: ciprés

[kʊˈprɛs̠ːʊs̠]

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κυπάρισσος (kupárissos).

bor+

Ille mordaci uelut icta ferro / pinus aut inpulsa cupressus Euro / procidit late posuitque collum in / pulvere Teucro

Like a pine-tree slashed by the bite of the axe, / or a cypress struck by an Easterly wind, / he fell, outstretched, to the earth, bowed down his neck / in the Trojan dust.


cembra

la-noun

cembra f (genitive cembrae); first declension

cembrae (genitive)
cembra (nominative singular)
cembrae (nominative plural)
cembrae (genitive singular)
cembrārum (genitive plural)
cembrae (dative singular)
cembrīs (dative plural)
cembram (accusative singular)
cembrās (accusative plural)
cembrā (ablative singular)
cembrīs (ablative plural)
cembra (singular vocative)
cembrae (plural vocative)

Translingual: Hoya cembrae, Ips cembrae, Pinus cembra

English: cembra

Alteration of the dialectal German Zember.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:cembra.

(New Latin) Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra)


bratus

bratus m (genitive bratī); second declension

bratī (genitive)
bratus (nominative singular)
bratī (nominative plural)
bratī (genitive singular)
bratōrum (genitive plural)
bratō (dative singular)
bratīs (dative plural)
bratum (accusative singular)
bratōs (accusative plural)
bratō (ablative singular)
bratīs (ablative plural)
brate (singular vocative)
bratī (plural vocative)

Through Ancient Greek βράθυ (bráthu), from Aramaic בְּרֹותָא (bərōṯā)

der

Aramaic בְּרֹותָא (bərōṯā)

Juniperus sabina
Juniperus sabina#Translingual

a tree similar to the cypress, presumably savin, Juniperus sabina


sappinus

la-noun

sappīnus f (genitive sappīnī); second declension

sappīnus (canonical feminine)
sappīnī (genitive)
sappīnus (nominative singular)
sappīnī (nominative plural)
sappīnī (genitive singular)
sappīnōrum (genitive plural)
sappīnō (dative singular)
sappīnīs (dative plural)
sappīnum (accusative singular)
sappīnōs (accusative plural)
sappīnō (ablative singular)
sappīnīs (ablative plural)
sappīne (singular vocative)
sappīnī (plural vocative)

Catalan: sapí

French: sapin

Piedmontese: sap, sapin

→ Arabic: شَبِّين (šabbīn)

From a combination of Gaulish *sappos (“fir tree”) and pīnus (“pine tree”). The Gaulish word is from Proto-Celtic *sakʷos (“fir”), related to Welsh sybwydd (“fir”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷos, related to Lithuanian sakai (“resin”), Latvian sweki (“resin”), and Proto-Slavic *sokъ (“juice, resin”).


tibulus

tībulus f (genitive tībulī); second declension

tībulus (canonical feminine)
tībulī (genitive)
tībulus (nominative singular)
tībulī (nominative plural)
tībulī (genitive singular)
tībulōrum (genitive plural)
tībulō (dative singular)
tībulīs (dative plural)
tībulum (accusative singular)
tībulōs (accusative plural)
tībulō (ablative singular)
tībulīs (ablative plural)
tībule (singular vocative)
tībulī (plural vocative)

[ˈt̪iːbʊɫ̪ʊs̠]


herba Sabina

herba Sabīna f (genitive herbae Sabīnae); first declension

herba Sabīna (canonical feminine)
herbae Sabīnae (genitive)
herba Sabīna (nominative singular)
herbae Sabīnae (nominative plural)
herbae Sabīnae (genitive singular)
herbārum Sabīnārum (genitive plural)
herbae Sabīnae (dative singular)
herbīs Sabīnīs (dative plural)
herbam Sabīnam (accusative singular)
herbās Sabīnās (accusative plural)
herbā Sabīnā (ablative singular)
herbīs Sabīnīs (ablative plural)
herba Sabīna (singular vocative)
herbae Sabīnae (plural vocative)
herbae Sabīnae (locative singular)
herbīs Sabīnīs (locative plural)

Old French: savine

→ Middle English: savine, savin

English: savin

Old Italian: savina

Old Occitan: savina

→ Arabic: شَبِينَة (šabīna)

→ Proto-West Germanic: *sabinā (see there for further descendants)

Literally “Sabine weed”, due to the abundance of the shrub in the Sabine territory; an epithet that later had no significance to the vulgar, hence stood alone for tree. Note also catanum (“Juniperus oxycedra”) borrowed from Sabine. sappīnus has nothing to do with this term.


catanum

catanum n (genitive catanī); second declension

catanī (genitive)
catanum (nominative singular)
catana (nominative plural)
catanī (genitive singular)
catanōrum (genitive plural)
catanō (dative singular)
catanīs (dative plural)
catanum (accusative singular)
catana (accusative plural)
catanō (ablative singular)
catanīs (ablative plural)
catanum (singular vocative)
catana (plural vocative)

Old Occitan: cade

desc

Occitan: cade, cadre, cai, chiade, chiaina, chai

→ Middle French: cade

French: cade, cadier

→ English: cade

Old Catalan: *cade

Catalan: càdec

→ Spanish: cada (rare)

[ˈkät̪änʊ̃ˑ]

Unclear, due to its not being mentioned by Imperial Era botanical or agricultural authors and being continued in only comparatively early Romanized Gallia Narbonensis and Hispania citerior theorized to have died out elsewhere by the end of the 1st century BCE but brought there in the century before that by Sabine settlers and having been derived from Sabine catus, which is the semantic equivalent of Latin acūtus and thus as an etymological equivalent of catus preserves its literal meaning “spiky”, with the suffix as in the tree-names carpinus and fraxinus, which is formally possible as Sabine had not weakened the penultimate vowel in proparoxytones of this kind. Note the name of the related species herba Sabīna (“savin”, literally “Sabine herb”), arbor Sabīna (“savin”, literally “Sabine tree”), and even the genus name jūniperus is formally marked as Sabine. Otherwise a Punic borrowing, of the same Semitic origin as κέδρος (kédros), thus a doublet of cedrus from Greek and of Medieval Latin catrānum (“bundle of brushweed dunked into tar”) from Arabic. To Proto-Finnic *kataga (“juniper”) respectively Latvian kadiķis, Lithuanian kadagys, Old Prussian kadegis (“juniper”) there is no way in either direction.

cog

690–750, Excerpta ex libro glossarum published in the Corpus glossariorum latinorum V page 179, 6

Cytisus is a kind of tree like juniper a sweet-smelling herb, greener and hardly serving the bees in comparison to golden showers and rosemary.

Citisum genus arboris quasi catanum erba odoribera uergilius et uix humiles apibus casias rorem que

western prickly juniper
western prickly juniper

western prickly juniper, cade (Juniperus oxycedrus)