Shoa

Borrowed from Hebrew שׁוֹאָה (“disaster”).

bor+

En el 10 de Tevet fue fiksado tambien el kadish jeneral, en memoria de las viktimas de la Shoa ke fueron asasinadas en la II Gerra Mundiala i de los djudios ke fueron matados en pogromes a lo largo de los anyos.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 57:

The general kaddish was also fixed on Tevet 10 in memory of the Shoah’s victims killed in World War II and the Jews killed in pogroms throughout the years.


patlak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاتلاق (patlak, “a place where a thing has burst, burst, torn open”). See Turkish patlak for more.

En supito, en esta notche del 28 avril 1903 un patlak arrebuelvyo la kayades nokturna.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 184:

Then suddenly, on this night of April 28, 1903, an explosion shook the nightly silence.


azlaha

bor

Hebrew הַצְלָחָה

Ke tenga muncha azlaha en tu vida i en la otra.

May you have much success in this life and the next.

Yo le dire: "Aki esta el ultimo de los ke dizen ke aboltaron de aya, ama ke nunka aboltaron. Tomalo a Tu derecha. Metelo mas alto de kualkier otro porke pago un dasio enorme a la krueldad umana, i ke estos kuantos anyos de azlaha en sus echos nada son frente a los yisurin somportados por este Iyov de los tiempos modernos."

2003, Nuestra memoria, numbers 22–24, Fundación Memoria del Holocausto, page 29:

I shall tell him, ‘Here is the last of those who say that they returned therefrom, yet they never returned. Stand him on your right side. Put him above everybody else since he paid an enormous tax to human cruelty, and these many years of success in their works are nothing [compared] to the sufferings endured by this one, Iyov, in modern times.’


denantes

From de + Old Spanish enantes, from Late Latin in ante, from Latin in + ante.


באייראק

lad-noun

באייראק m (Latin spelling bayrak, plural באייראקיס)

bayrak (romanization)
באייראקיס (plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بیراق (bayrak), from Proto-Turkic *badrak.

bor+

אי איזו מיטיר באייראקיס אין לאס קאליס די לה סיבﬞדאד

1863 [1673], Joseph ben Isaac Sambari, ספר סיפור מלכי עותמאנג׳יק [Book of the History of the Ottoman Kings], Constantinople, translation of Sefer Divrei Yosef (in Hebrew), page 6v:

[…] and [he] had flags put up in the streets of the city […]

[…] i izo meter bayrakes en las kales de la sivdad […]

אי דייו סובﬞרי אונו די אילייוס קורונה די ריינו אי ּּּבאייראק פינדון די שולטן סילים

1863 [1673], Joseph ben Isaac Sambari, ספר סיפור מלכי עותמאנג׳יק [Book of the History of the Ottoman Kings], Constantinople, translation of Sefer Divrei Yosef (in Hebrew), page 14r:

[…] and gave to one of them [a] king's crown and [a] flag, [the] banner of Sultan Selim […]

[…] i dio sovre uno de eyos korona de reyno i bayrak[,] pendon de sultan Selim […]


ארנאאוט

arnaut (romanization)
ארנאאוד (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آرناود (arnaud), from Ancient Greek Ἀρβανίτης (Arbanítēs).

איל ארנאאוט סי אסירקו אל מומינטו.

1934 June 1, La Vara, number 614, New York, page 5:


קאב׳יסה די ארנאאוט

lad-noun

קאב׳יסה די ארנאאוט f (Latin spelling kavesa de arnaut)

פירו קומו דיזימוס אינטרי נוס, קון אונה קאב׳׳יסה די ארנאאוט, ריספונדי:

1942 February 20, La Vara, number 1017, New York, page 5:

But, as we say among ourselves, with an Albanian's head, he answered:

Pero komo dezimos entre nos, kon una kavesa de arnaut, responde:


בוסנאק

bosnak (romanization)
בושנאק (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بوشناق (Boşnak), from Serbo-Croatian Bošnjak.

bor+

פולוניז, בוסנאק, איגﬞיטרי איגﬞיטרי, איל קי בﬞה אינגאזﬞאר איסטי אומברי […]

1906 November 9, La Epoka, number 1565, Thessaloniki, page 12:

[A] Pole, [a] Bosnian […] hired by this man […]

Polonez, bosnak, […] el ke va engajar este ombre […]


ריזאליט

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish رذالت (rezalet).

קי ריזאליט, קי קייפאזיליק איס איסתו!

1937 September 3, La Vara, number 734, New York, page 5:

What a scandal, what a disgrace this is!


אומוט

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish امید (umut).

[…] מה קיטאר איל אומוט די טודו, […]

1927 January 21, La Vara, number 230, New York, page 10:

[…] but taking hope away from everything […]


אינסאפﬞ

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish انصاف (insaf), from Arabic إِنْصَاف (ʔinṣāf, “justice”).

[…] סיירטאס מוז׳׳יריס דיל ברונקס, לאס קואלאס איסטאן סאליידו דיל אינסאפ׳׳ פארה אפ׳׳ואירה, […]

1927 January 21, La Vara, number 346, New York, page 10:

[…] certain women of the Bronx who are abandoning restraint […]

[…] syertas mujeres del Bronx, las kualas estan salyendo del insaf para afuera, […]


ברונקס

The Bronx (a borough of New York City, New York, United States)


sodro

סודרו (Hebrew)
sordo (alternative)
surdo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish sordo, from Latin surdus, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“ringing, whistling”). Compare English surd.

der

Coordinate term: mudo

Yosef — Ke estas gritando? Sodro so yo?
Avram — No, no sos sodro, es ke me paresyo ke no oyites.

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 142:

Joseph: ‘What’re you shouting? Am I deaf?’ Abraham: ‘No, you are not deaf, it’s just that you don’t seem to hear me.’


fashadura

Possibly from Aragonese faxa, from Latin fascia, with nominalizing suffix Ladino -dura.

kortar fashadura

cutting the swaddling, an Ottoman Jewish tradition where women cut the clothes for their newborn babies during the early months of pregnancy and sang Ladino songs


פאשארו

From Old Spanish pássaro, from Vulgar Latin *passarum, an alteration of Latin passer.


tefila

I su marido aze tefila por eya de kontino ke oyga el Sefer Tora ke en pokos diyas la sake de entre los bivos i tienen kada ora 'pleto i ketata' i kavza ke se destruye la kaza i los kelim.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26-28, page 35:

And her husband prayed constantly for her to hear the Seder Torah; that in a few days she take take it from amongst the living, and that they "fight and brawl" hourly, and that it cause the house and the tools to be destroyed.


shushulera

Possibly from Hebrew שלשול (“diarrhea”), with suffix Ladino -era.

shushunera (alternative)
shushurela (alternative)
chuchulera (alternative)
שושולירה (alternative)
şuşulera (alternative)


fijon

From Old Galician-Portuguese feijoo, from Latin phaseolus, probably from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos).


moabet

From Ottoman Turkish محبت (muhabbet), from Arabic مَحَبَّة (maḥabba).

long, familiar conversation, where one reminisces or tales anecdotes


buzana

Borrowed from Turkish buz, with relational suffix Ladino -ana.


abaxar

abaxar (infinitive)
aver abaxado (infinitive multiword-construction)
abaxando (gerund)
aviendo abaxado (gerund multiword-construction)
abaxado (masculine participle past singular)
abaxados (masculine participle past plural)
abaxada (feminine participle past singular)
abaxadas (feminine participle past plural)
abaxo (first-person indicative present singular)
abaxas (indicative present second-person singular)
abaxa (indicative present singular third-person)
abaxamos (first-person indicative plural present)
abaxáx (indicative plural present second-person)
abaxan (indicative plural present third-person)
abaxava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
abaxavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
abaxava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
abaxávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
abaxavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
abaxavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
abaxí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
abaxates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
abaxó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
abaximos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
abaxatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
abaxaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
abaxaré (first-person future indicative singular)
abaxarás (future indicative second-person singular)
abaxará (future indicative singular third-person)
abaxaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
abaxaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
abaxarán (future indicative plural third-person)
abaxaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
abaxarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
abaxaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
abaxaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
abaxaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
abaxarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
abaxe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
abaxes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
abaxe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
abaxemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
abaxéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
abaxen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
abaxara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
abaxaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
abaxara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
abaxáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
abaxarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
abaxaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
abaxa (imperative second-person singular)
abaxad (imperative plural second-person)
no abaxes (imperative negative second-person singular)
no abaxéx (imperative negative plural second-person)
abashar (alternative)


haloshentos

From holente (sickly), from Hebrew חוֹלֶה (“sick”), attached to Ladino sientos.

"Mashalla, topates lo ke bushkates tanto tiempo, en un bogo en el fondo del baul - despues de haloshentos anyos!"

2021 March 31, Esti SAUL, “La kamizika de la kortadura de fashadura ke topi kon los bonbones: La Sorpreza de PESAH”, in Şalom:

"Congratulations, you found what you were looking for after so much time, in a bundle at the bottom of the trunk - after many hundreds of ill yearsǃ"

many hundreds of 'ill' years (a countless, extreme extent in years)


tendjeré

From Ottoman Turkish تنجره (tencere, “a saucepan, kettle, stewpan, pipkin”), from Arabic طَنْجَرَة (ṭanjara).


avuelo

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *av(i)olum, ultimately from Latin avus.


shavdo

lad-adj

shavdo (feminine shavda, masculine plural shavdos, feminine plural shavdas)

shavda (feminine)
shavdos (masculine plural)
shavdas (feminine plural)
shevdo (alternative)
xabdo (alternative)
xebdo (alternative)

From Old Spanish enxabido, from Latin *exsapidus.


presiado

presiado (feminine presiada, masculine plural presiados, feminine plural presiadas)

presiada (feminine)
presiados (masculine plural)
presiadas (feminine plural)
presyado (alternative)


almadrak

From Arabic مَطْرَح (maṭraḥ, “place where something is thrown”). Compare Old Galician almadraque.


דימיט

From Ottoman Turkish دمت (demet), from Greek δεμάτι (demáti, “bale of hay”).


sebeb

From Ottoman Turkish سبب, from Arabic سَبَب (sabab).


fashizmo

פ׳אשיזמו (Hebrew)
fashismo (alternative)


enkoyamal

“Dizen este byervo kuando avlan de alguna koza triste o de algún muerto i se boltan agora adresándosen a un amigo. Entonses le dizen ‘En kuyo mal’, lo ke kere dezir en espanyol puro: en akel esté el mal. El byervo ‘enkoyamal’ lo dizen tambyén en vezes por burla. Entonses el depende del lashón akódesh ‘im ko yomar’, lo ke iguala a ‘sozum yabaná’” “Enkoyamal...”

2015 May 27, David M. Bunis, “On Judezmo Terms for the Proverb and Saying”, in library.osu.edu:

They say this expression when someone speaks of something sad, such as a death, and then he begins to address his companion. In pure Spanish en cuyo mal means ‘may misfortune be upon him.’ But sometimes ‘enkoyamal’ is said in jest. Then it reflects Hebrew אם כה יאמר [im ko yomar], meaning the same as Turkish sözüm yabana [‘pardon the expression’]” (El Meseret 8, no. 52 [Izmir 1904], p. 5).

(Izmir) May misfortune be upon them (expression used in sad occasion or ironically in jest)


ˤada

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic عادة (ʕāda).


ˁagzan

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic عجزان (ʕagzān).


ḥaĵa

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic حاجة (ḥāja).


walú

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic والو (wālu).


ḥnin

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic حنين (ḥnīn).


belˁa

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic بلعة (balʕa).


fetnear

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic فطن (fṭan) + -ear.


nonbalde

From Latin nōn + Andalusian Arabic بَاطِل (báṭil), from Arabic بَاطِل (bāṭil, “vain”).


enkaˁasarse

Adapted borrowing of en- + Hebrew כעס (káʕas) + -ar + -se.


endiamantado

en- + Old Spanish diamante, from Latin adamantem (“hardest steel; diamond”) + -ado.

inh

(Haketia) beautiful, brilliant, marvellous


enĵubilar

From en- + Old Spanish jubilar, from Latin iūbilāre.


dospués

דוספואיס (Hebrew)

El loap se aze buyendo los binbriyos kon muncha asúkar, i dospués se desha eskurrir el kaldo por una bolsa de hase.

2005, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 20–31, →ISBN, page 18:

Jelly is made boiling the quinces with a lot of sugar, and afterwards it is left to leak the sauce through a cotton fabric sack.

(Edirne, Istanbul) Alternative form of duspués


gher

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic غير (ḡayr, ḡīr).


ḥaddear

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic حضى (ḥḍā) + -ear.


a immá

(Haketia) mamma mia!, oh my God! (an expression of surprise)


ya ḥasrá

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic يا حسرة (yā ḥasra).


ḥatta

Borrowed from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, “until”). Also proposed etymology of Spanish hasta.


ḥatta

(Haketia) up to, to the point of, as much as


jammear

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic خمم (ḵammam) + -ear.


kantika

Inherited from Old Spanish cantiga (“song”).

inh+

El kanta la kantika para la nona.

La primera kantika era "Aj ke relumbron di novja ermoza", il padri dil novju li dizija a la novja, jamandula "ki salga a baljar, ki la keru ver".

1994, Isak Papo, Cuentos Sobre los Sefardies de Sarajevo, Logos, →ISBN, page 68:

The first song was ‘There a sudden flash of light from [a] beautiful bride’; the groom’s father told the bride announcing to her ‘that I want to see her go out to dance.’

Me esto akodrando algo ke ambezí de oyido, komo una kantika de kuna ke ainda kantas en la viejes.

2012 October 1, Miriam Moscona, Tela de sevoya, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 39:

I am remembering something that I learnt by hearing, like a lullaby that you keep singing to the elderly.

(music) song (musical composition with lyrics for voice or voices, performed by singing)


asuvo

first-person singular present indicative of asuvir


asuves

second-person singular present indicative of asuvir


asuve

third-person singular present indicative of asuvir


asuvimos

אסוב׳ימוס (Hebrew)

first-person plural present indicative of asuvir


asuvish

second-person plural present indicative of asuvir


asuven

third-person plural present indicative of asuvir


waḥsh

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic وحش (waḥš).


jalfear

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic خلف (ḵlaf) + -ear.


jaltear

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic خلط (ḵallaṭ) + -ear.


qahra

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic قهرة (qahra).

bor+

(Haketia) suffering, anguish, sorrow, misfortune


qaddear

Borrowed from Arabic قَضَّى (qaḍḍā) + -ear.


kehil.la

(Haketia) Jewish community, Alternative form of keilá


a weddí

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic أ ولدي (ʔā waldi, “Oh my child”).

a ueddí (alternative)
a ueldí (alternative)

(Haketia) my childǃ, sweetheartǃ (when you ask someone for something with affection)


mahpul

From Ottoman Turkish مقبول (makbûl), from Arabic مَقْبُول (maqbūl).

unusual or rare in occurrence, that is appreciated


mahpul

something that occurs unusually or rarely, that is appreciated


mahsús

From Ottoman Turkish مخصوص (mahsus), from Arabic مَخْصُوص (maḵṣūṣ).

der

Arabic مَخْصُوص (maḵṣūṣ)


alḥalua

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic حلوى (ḥalwa).


kaisería

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic قيصرية (qayṣariyya, qīṣariyya). Cognate with Spanish alcaicería.


aporey

Combination of Old Spanish a + por + allí, with phonetic assimilation of a + i.

apurei (alternative)
aporaya (alternative)

echar aporey

to throw in the trash, to get rid of something useless


jbar

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic خبر (ḵbar).


mizman bereshit

Borrowed from Hebrew מזמן בראשית (mizman bereshit, “from the times of Genesis”).

los tiempos de mizman bereshit


akompanyamyento

lad-noun

אקומפאנייאמיינטו

akompanyamyento m (Hebrew spelling אקומפאנייאמיינטו)

אקומפאנייאמיינטו (Hebrew)

I ala onze [6 AM], ala turka, vinyeron en grande akompanyamyento delos askyeres turkos adelantre i detras, kompanyas de soldados de kada nasyon ke fueron dezbarkados delas naves, djunto todos los viche-amirales i komandantes, i ofisyeres de kada nave ke se topo en muestro porto.

(Can we date this quote?), Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, translated by Isaac Jerusalmi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 276:

And at eleven [6 A.M.], a great escort of Turkish soldiers came ahead of and behind the Turk; companies of soldiers from every nation disembarked from the ships, together with all the vice-admirals, commanders, and officers from every ship found in our port.


akompanyamiento

אקומפאנייאמיינטו

akompanyamiento m (Hebrew spelling אקומפאנייאמיינטו)

אקומפאנייאמיינטו (Hebrew)
akompanyamyento (alternative)

Fortuna mos traye aki, prezentados kon una boz rika i melodioza, kon akompanyamientos de una ekselente orkestra, […]

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 78:

Fortune brings us here, it presents us with a rich and melodious voice with the accompaniments of an excellent orchestra.


kamareta

קאמאריטה (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish camara + -eta, borrowed from Vulgar Latin camara, variant of Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “something with an arched cover, a vaulted chamber”).


sajén

Borrowed from Hebrew שָׁכֵן (shakhén, “neighbour”).


alḥadrar

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic حاضر (ḥāḍir) + -ar.

af

(Haketia) to be present for, attend, witness


almuddén

(Haketia) Muslim prayers sung from the minarets after midnight, at one and three o'clock


djentoria

From Old Spanish [Term?], from Latin gens, gentis + -tōria.


enbasho

From Old Spanish enbaxo, from Latin in + bassus.


ĵil.laba

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic جلابة (jallāba).


maˁal.lem

maˁalmá (feminine)
mˁal.lem (alternative)

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic معلم (mʕallam).


keffús

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic كفوس (kaffūs).

(Haketia) the most horrible, ugly, very bad thing or person

un keffús baḥlús

person who has absolutely nothing good about them


afeshugar

Likely from Catalan afeixugar, itself from a- + feixuc + -ar.

(figuratively) to flatter, pamper, seduce


jair

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic خير (ḵayr, ḵīr).

(Haketia) goodness, happiness, prosperity


ˁad

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic عاد (ʕād).

(Haketia) then, after, at that moment, finally, on top of that


qailear

Possibly borrowed from Moroccan Arabic بقى (bqā) + -ear.

(Haketia) to stay, remain, spend time, visit often, spend the night


qalbear

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic قلب (qlab) + -ear.

af

(Haketia) to turn something around, knock over, stir up, have the opposite happen


kome kon gana

קומי קון גאנה (Hebrew)


ḥaslear

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic حصل (ḥṣal) + -ear.

(Haketia, figurative) to get caught in a trap


ukuán

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic وكان (wkān).

bor+

(Haketia) that's all that is desired, thank God


vezindado

Inherited from Old Spanish vezindad, from Latin vīcīnitātem. By surface analysis, vezino + -dad.

neighborhood, neighborly relations, vicinity


ˁadlear

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic عدل (ʕaddal) + -ear.


ˁadbear

Adapted borrowing of Moroccan Arabic عدب (ʕaddab) + -ear.

(Haketia) to tire, exhaust, give a lot work


waḥlá

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic وحلة (waḥla).

bor+

(Haketia) dilemma, difficulty, complication


ˁawed

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic عاود (ʕāwad).


ḥarboná

From Hebrew חַרְבוֹנָא (ḥarḇōnā). The name of a eunuch of Ahasuerus who, by informing this king that Haman had ordered a gallows to be built for Mordechai, provoked the king's anger and brought about his own tremendous punishment.

bor

Hebrew חַרְבוֹנָא (ḥarḇōnā)


arrondjar

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *arrot(u)lāre, *rotulāre, from Latin rotāre (“to turn, to wheel”).

inh+

arondjar (alternative)
arrojar (alternative)
rondjar (alternative)


asaventar

Likely from Catalan assabentar, itself from a- + sabent + -ar.


borekas

→ Hebrew: בּוּרֶקָס (buréqās)


kondja

Borrowed from Persian غنچه, meaning bud.


mursá

Borrowed from Hebrew מוּרְסָה (“abscess”).

bor+

something or someone that is sulky, unlovable, unpleasant


kundurya

lad-noun

kundurya f (Hebrew spelling קונדורייה, plural kunduryas)

Loke troko es ke yevavan mestas i sapatos amariyos, i agora yevan estivlas o kunduryas.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 262:

What changed is that they used to wear mestas and yellow shoes, and now they wear ankle boots or shoes.

Ama djusto en akel punto un pashariko se le apozo a la kundurya.

1996, Aki Yerushalayim, number 53, page 48:

Nevertheless, just then a little bird rested in the shoe.


tishpishti

Derived from Ottoman Turkish تز (tez, “quickly”) + پیشتی (pişti, “cooked”).

der+

teshpishti (alternative)
tezpishti (alternative)


luviar

Coordinate term: nievar

i a las nuves enkomendare de no azer liover sovre eya luvia

And I shall command the clouds to make no rain over whom it rains.

(intransitive, usually impersonal) to rain


kodreriko

קודריריקו (Hebrew)

Los djugetes [lege djuegos] de los chikos en el kurtijo eran: eskonder, simel, kueshkos; y las ijikas djugavan kon los guesezikos sekos de un kodreriko ke se yamavan kotches, sentadas en la laja y tapándose su piernas kon las faldas de sus fustanes o sayolas³¹.

1980, Estudios sefardíes, volume 3, C.S.I.C., page 455:

The children's toys [read: games] in the courtyard were the following: hide [and seek], simel, [and] kernels; and the girls were playing with a lamb's dry bones in [something] called kotches, sitting on the pavement and hiding their rocks with the folds of their skirts or dresses.

(figurative) Somebody who is disciplined and obedient.


shkimbezika

lad-noun

shkimbezika f (Hebrew spelling שקימביזיקה)

שקימביזיקה (Hebrew)


andjak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آنجق (ancak).


andjak

muchas grasias ke venites a verme, andjak ya estava de ir a bushkarte

Thank you so much for coming to see me, nevertheless I was already going to look for you.

on the other hand
on the other hand#English

however; nevertheless; nonetheless; on the other hand


guzmá

veló bedérex guzmá deven oveder esta ley

1993, David M. Bunis, A Lexicon of the Hebrew and Aramaic Elements in Modern Judezmo, Magnes Press, Hebrew University, →ISBN, page 192:

this law should not be obeyed in an exaggerated manner


arebivir

Para arebivir el Ladino en el siekolo 21 es menester profitar de lo dijital para dokumentar i ambezar esta lingua en perikolo de ekstinsyon.

In order to revive Ladino in the twenty first century it is necessary to take advantage of digital technology to document and learn this endangered language.


shkembe

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شكمبه (şikembe).


barminam

Echizos es barminam.²²⁴

2008, Marie-Christine Varol-Bornes, Le judéo-espagnol vernaculaire d'Istanbul, Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 488:


barminam

A lo kualo la tia Dudu respondia Barminam!

1997, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 18–19, page 61:

To which aunt Dudu replied L-rd have mercy!


dar uti

(transitive) to iron (clothing or fabric)


yakishear

ייאקישיאר (Hebrew)
yakishear (infinitive)
aver yakisheado (infinitive multiword-construction)
yakisheando (gerund)
aviendo yakisheado (gerund multiword-construction)
yakisheado (masculine participle past singular)
yakisheados (masculine participle past plural)
yakisheada (feminine participle past singular)
yakisheadas (feminine participle past plural)
yakisheo (first-person indicative present singular)
yakisheas (indicative present second-person singular)
yakishea (indicative present singular third-person)
yakisheamos (first-person indicative plural present)
yakisheáx (indicative plural present second-person)
yakishean (indicative plural present third-person)
yakisheava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
yakisheavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
yakisheava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
yakisheávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
yakisheavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
yakisheavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
yakisheí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
yakisheates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
yakisheó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
yakisheimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
yakisheatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
yakishearon (indicative plural preterite third-person)
yakishearé (first-person future indicative singular)
yakishearás (future indicative second-person singular)
yakisheará (future indicative singular third-person)
yakishearemos (first-person future indicative plural)
yakishearéx (future indicative plural second-person)
yakishearán (future indicative plural third-person)
yakishearía (conditional first-person indicative singular)
yakishearías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
yakishearía (conditional indicative singular third-person)
yakishearíamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
yakishearíax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
yakishearían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
yakishee (first-person present singular subjunctive)
yakishees (present second-person singular subjunctive)
yakishee (present singular subjunctive third-person)
yakisheemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
yakisheéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
yakisheen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
yakisheara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
yakishearas (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
yakisheara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
yakisheáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
yakishearax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
yakishearan (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
yakishea (imperative second-person singular)
yakishead (imperative plural second-person)
no yakishees (imperative negative second-person singular)
no yakisheéx (imperative negative plural second-person)
akishear (alternative)

[…] mos fuimos en luna de miel a París, i yo empesí a engodrarme ... i engodrarme. El prenyado a mí me yakishea muncho.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, זיקנתך כבחרותך, page 142:

we left to have our honeymoon in Paris, and I started to fatten myself ... and fatten myself. I look so much like I am pregnant.

(intransitive) to match; to fit; to go with; to suit (look like)


nikochera

ניקוג׳ירה (Hebrew)
nekocherá (alternative)
nikocherá (alternative)

Borrowed from Greek νοικοκυρά (noikokyrá).

Haće atanción, nikochera, ¿queres que haga banca-rota, o queres que se emborachen los vis̀itadores como obradores?

1968, Segismundo, numbers 7–8, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Patronato Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo:

Pay attention, housewife: do you want to break the bank, or do you want the visitors to get drunk like labourers?

Sulucha, te dare un konsejo de nikochera: por sedaka, no tengas trato ni kon politikos, ni kon ombres kazados.

2005, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 20–31, →ISBN, page 23:

Sulucha, I'll give you housewife advice: for charity, don't deal with either politicians or with married men.


nikochera

nekocherá (alternative)
nikocherá (alternative)


siekolo

סייקולו (Hebrew)
siékolo (alternative)
sekolo (alternative)

Borrowed from Italian secolo (“century”).


nesio

Inherited from Old Spanish nesçio, from Latin nescius (“ignorant”), from ne- (“not”) + sciō (“to know”). Cognate with English nice.

[…] i siertamente no es posivle toparse un ombre en todo el mundo ke sea tan nesio i loko de kavzar tanto mal a su alma por aprovechar a otros, […]

2006, יעקב כולי, מעם לועז בראשית: לקט : בצירוף מבואות, גלוסאר ומפתחות, הוצאת מכון מעלה אדומים, →ISBN, page 65:

And certainly it is not possible to find a man in all the world that be so foolish and crazy to cause so much harm to his soul by making use of others.

(derogatory) foolish; idiotic; moronic; stupid


nesio

El patron refuzo de vendermela kon buen presio,
i yo, komo flosho, komo ninyo, komo un nesio, me akayi,
me kontenti kon su repuesta vana,
i deshi su insolensia sin ninguna kondana.

2003, Yosef Avraam Papo, לה ב׳ינייה די נבות: דראמה ביבליקו אין סינקו אקטות אין ב׳ירסוס, הוצאת מכון מעלה אדומים לתיעוד השפה הספניולית ותרבותיה, →ISBN, page 37:

The patron refused to sell it to me for a good price, and I, like [a] weakling, like [a] child, like [a] putz, kept quiet; he contented me with his vain response, and gave up his insolence without any condemnation [of it].

(derogatory) fool; idiot; putz; schmendrick; twit


eskureser

איסקוריסיר (Hebrew)

I tambien la luna i las estreyas se eskuresen por una de 4 kozas: […]

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 75:

And also the moon and the stars obscure themselves through one of four things.

(transitive, reflexive) to darken; to dim; to obscure


asegun

Ma, kuando se akodro ke el valiante Amadis no kedo satisfecho de yamarse solo “Amadis” i adjusto el nombre de su reynado i patria para darle fama, i se yamo “Amadis de Gaula”, I el kijo azer lo mizmo, komo un buen kavayero, adjustar al suyo el nombre de la suya, i yamarse “don Kishot de la Mancha”, ke asegun el, deklarava klaramente su linaje i patria, i la onorava en tomandola por alkunya.

2013, Myriam Moscona, Jacobo Sefamí with Martín Fierro, José Hernández, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 222:

Nevertheless, when [someone] remembered that the valiant Amadis was left unsatisfied in merely being called ‘Amadis’, [he] added the name of his kingdom and homeland to make himself famous, and he called himself ‘Amadis of Gaula’, and he kept repeating himself, like a good knight, adding to his name the name of his homeland, and calling himself ‘don Koshot de la Mancha’, as according to him, it was clearly declaring his lineage and homeland, and he was esteeming it in treating it like family.


kandelika

קאנדיליקה (Hebrew)


orasión

אוראסייון (Hebrew)
orasion (alternative)

‘Oye, Israel’, el nombre de la orasión, ke kada djudió deve dizir tres vezes al día.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 475:

‘Listen, Israel’, the name of the prayer that every Jew must say thrice daily.


Djoha

Jo Ha (alternative)
Joha (alternative)
ג׳וחא (alternative)

(folklore) a Sephardic folkloric character analogue to or inspired by Nasreddin Hodja.


verguensa

lad-noun

verguensa f (Hebrew spelling ב׳ירגואינסה)

ב׳ירגואינסה (Hebrew)
virgwensa (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish berguença, from Latin verēcundia, from verēcundus (“feeling shame”), from vereor (“to respect, revere, fear”).

Es la Boz del Chofar que nos combida a elevarnos mas arriva de las mesquinerias de la vida de cada dia, de nuestras vanedades pueriles(mesquinas), de nuestras ideas yerradas, siegas y malechoras de la animalidad, que, a nuestra grande verguensa, nosotros tenemos tanta pena a dominar.

1940, Gren Rabino David Berman, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 85:

It is the voice of the chofer that invites us to elevate ourselves above the narrow-mindedness of everyday life, of our puerile (and narrow-minded) vanities, of our mistaken ideas, blind and criminal from the beastliness that, to our great shame, we have so much trouble dominating.


gueso

Inherited from Old Spanish ueso, hueso, huesso (“bone”).

La karne es tuya los guesos son miyos.

1994, Eli Shaul, Folklor de los judios de Turkiya, Isis, →ISBN, page 52:

The meat is yours [and] the bones are mine.

bone (solid consisting of calcium phosphate and collagen; product of ossification)


profitar

פרופ׳יטאר (Hebrew)
profitar (infinitive)
aver profitado (infinitive multiword-construction)
profitando (gerund)
aviendo profitado (gerund multiword-construction)
profitado (masculine participle past singular)
profitados (masculine participle past plural)
profitada (feminine participle past singular)
profitadas (feminine participle past plural)
profito (first-person indicative present singular)
profitas (indicative present second-person singular)
profita (indicative present singular third-person)
profitamos (first-person indicative plural present)
profitáx (indicative plural present second-person)
profitan (indicative plural present third-person)
profitava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
profitavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
profitava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
profitávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
profitavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
profitavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
profití (first-person indicative preterite singular)
profitates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
profitó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
profitimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
profitatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
profitaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
profitaré (first-person future indicative singular)
profitarás (future indicative second-person singular)
profitará (future indicative singular third-person)
profitaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
profitaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
profitarán (future indicative plural third-person)
profitaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
profitarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
profitaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
profitaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
profitaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
profitarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
profite (first-person present singular subjunctive)
profites (present second-person singular subjunctive)
profite (present singular subjunctive third-person)
profitemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
profitéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
profiten (plural present subjunctive third-person)
profitara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
profitaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
profitara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
profitáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
profitarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
profitaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
profita (imperative second-person singular)
profitad (imperative plural second-person)
no profites (imperative negative second-person singular)
no profitéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

Borrowed from French profiter (“to take advantage”).

bor+

(intransitive) to take advantage (of something)


kanaveta

קאנאב׳יטה (Hebrew)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قارنبهار (karnabahar), from Persian کرمب بهار (karamb-i bahâr), from کرمب (karamb) from Ancient Greek κράμβη (krámbē, “cabbage”) & بهار (bahâr, “spring”).

der

Kanavetas i salatas, todos en atuendos de platas; pichones, poyos i patas ke no deshen de komer.

(Can we date this quote?), “Mandjares de Purim”, in Folkmasa:

Cauliflower and lettuce, every piece of silverware; doves, chicks and ducks that do not submit to consumption.


kuero

Inherited from Old Spanish cuero (“flesh”).

inh+

Telefoní a “Kupat Holim” imediatamente, dieron la mizma repuesta:
"Kale ke vengas para alhat al doktor del kuero"

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 293:

I immediately telephoned “Kupat Holim”; they gave me the same response: ‘It is necessary that you go to the skin doctor on Sunday.’

En mezmo tiempo merkaderes ke eksportavan a la Austria produktes del lokalidad: kueros de taushan, saḥtian, meshin, sera.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 348:

Simultaneously merchants who were exporting local products to Austria: rabbitskins, goatskins, processed sheepskins, [and] beeswax.


komer

קומיר (Hebrew)
comer (alternative)
kumer (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish comer (“to eat”), from Vulgar Latin *comēre, restructuring of Classical Latin comedere.

Se torno el haham dezesperado a su kaza i komio kon muncha ansia, despues de lo kualo metio su vestido blanko de Yom Kippur i entro al kal.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 60:

The sagely yet desperate rabbi returned home and ate anxiously, after which he put on white clothes for Yom Kippur and entered the synagogue.

(ambitransitive) to eat; to dine (on something)

(figurative, transitive) to eat away (corrode)


komer

Kuando vyenen de Israel los paryentes i amigos, syempre fazemos notchadas a mi kaza kon komeres de los Sefardim i todos se konsolan komyendo guevos inhaminados, burekitas, pastilikos, bumuelos, pita di letche, tajikos i otras kumidas savurozas.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 6:

When relatives and friends come from Israel, we always throw night parties at my house with Sephardic meals and everybody comforts theirselves eating cholent eggs, little cheese patries, [other] pastries, doughnuts, milk bread, small cuts and other savoury dishes.


bevida

Inherited from Old Spanish bevida. Cognate with Aragonese, Asturian, Galician, Portuguese & Spanish bebida.

Kuando una persona le demandava una bevida, tomava un kopo de la tchintura, lo arrufyava un poko kon la agua de la alkuza i, abokandose eskorria de la redoma por enriva su ombro, un tchorro arresfreskante de limonata.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 178:

When somebody demanded a drink, they took a cup from the belt, sprinkled it with a little water from the container, and — bending over lightly scratching themselves from the bottle above their shoulder — a refreshing burst of lemonade.


deskaramiento

lad-noun

דיסקאראמיינטו

deskaramiento m (Hebrew spelling דיסקאראמיינטו)

דיסקאראמיינטו (Hebrew)

deskarar + -miento. Compare Spanish descaramiento.

audacity; boldness; chutzpah; effrontery; impudence; insolence; shamelessness


esprito

איספריטו (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish espirto, espirtu. Doublet of espirito.

el meldar mantiene el esprito

mind (one's desires, emotions, personality, and so on, taken collectively)


sonreir

Inherited from Old Spanish sonreir, from Vulgar Latin *subrīdīre, from Latin subrīdēre. Compare Portuguese sorrir.

Le miró extrańada y se puzo a sonreir y él tamién la sonrió; ella le dio una bentoza y él otra y, al cabo de unos días, estaban como dos tortolitos.

(Can we date this quote?), Oro Anahory-Librowicz, “El sheshauni meˁerra”, in Voces de Ḥaketía:

She looked at him strangely and started to smile, and he smiled at her too; she gave him a suction cup, he gave her another and, after a few days, they were like two little lovebirds.

(intransitive) to smile (flex the lips upwards)


ridá

(Istanbul, Jerusalem, Plovdiv) Alternative form of rizá


eskularicha

eskularichas (plural)
eskuralicha (alternative)
skuralicha (alternative)

Borrowed from Greek σĸουλαρίĸια (sĸoularíĸia).

bor+

Entretyempo el viper se fue i se suvyo a la pared del palasio real, ande moryo i la mato ala Prensesa i le tomo sus eskularichas i su kolona.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 87:

Meanwhile the viper fled and went up to the real palace’s wall, where it died, killed the princess, and took her earrings and her column.


razgar

ראזגאר (Hebrew)
razgar (infinitive)
aver razgado (infinitive multiword-construction)
razgando (gerund)
aviendo razgado (gerund multiword-construction)
razgado (masculine participle past singular)
razgados (masculine participle past plural)
razgada (feminine participle past singular)
razgadas (feminine participle past plural)
razgo (first-person indicative present singular)
razgas (indicative present second-person singular)
razga (indicative present singular third-person)
razgamos (first-person indicative plural present)
razgáx (indicative plural present second-person)
razgan (indicative plural present third-person)
razgava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
razgavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
razgava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
razgávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
razgavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
razgavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
razgí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
razgates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
razgó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
razgimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
razgatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
razgaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
razgaré (first-person future indicative singular)
razgarás (future indicative second-person singular)
razgará (future indicative singular third-person)
razgaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
razgaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
razgarán (future indicative plural third-person)
razgaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
razgarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
razgaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
razgaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
razgaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
razgarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
razge (first-person present singular subjunctive)
razges (present second-person singular subjunctive)
razge (present singular subjunctive third-person)
razgemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
razgéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
razgen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
razgara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
razgaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
razgara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
razgáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
razgarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
razgaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
razga (imperative second-person singular)
razgad (imperative plural second-person)
no razges (imperative negative second-person singular)
no razgéx (imperative negative plural second-person)
rasgar (alternative)

Probably an alteration of Old Spanish resgar (with influence from raskar), itself likely from Latin resecāre; cognate to English resect, cf. also raskunyar (“to scratch and sketch”). Likely a doublet of resekar.

Enpesava de rasgar los sus panyos.

Gritos de donzeyas tristes, ke razgaron sus velos,
Ensuziados de la dezonor i la infamia.

Screams from sad lasses, who ripped their veils, filthy from dishonour and infamy.


tiralanya

lad-noun

tiralanya f (Hebrew spelling טיראלאנייה)

טיראלאנייה (Hebrew)
taralanya (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish tela (de) aranna, from Latin tēla + arānea.

De ke tiralanya me estas avlando, hanuma? En las kazas de Estambol las tiralanyas sirviyan solo para apanyar moshkas.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 17:

What spider are you talking about, lady? In Istanbul's houses all spiders do is catch flies.


zirguela

Inherited from Old Spanish ciruela, from Late Latin cēreola, an ellipsis of cēreola prūna (literally “wax-colored plums”), from the neuter plural of Latin cereolus, later reinterpreted as a feminine singular; see cēra.

Siendo ke las avramilas (zirguelas) vedres, chikas i agras pueden ser merkadas solo al prinsipio del enverano, este pishkado es gizado los mas en esta sezon.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 78:

Being that unripe, little green and sour plums can only be vended at the beginning of summer, this fish is the commonest stew this season.

Prunus domestica
Prunus domestica#Translingual

(Turkey) plum (an edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour)


alchak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آلچاق (alçaḳ, “low, short in stature, shallow, vile, despicable”).

bor+

Savesh kyen es este kolega? Este alchak de Sadiko. Este berbante, el disho, ke dela manera ke avló la prima dona, merese bezada en la boka.

1999, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, קולות משאלוניקי היהודית, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 302:

You know who this colleague is? That paskudnyak Sadiko. That scoundrel said that the young lady deserves a kiss on the mouth for how she spoke.

(derogatory) paskudnyak; scumbag (villain)


kieratá

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish كراتا (kerata), from كراته (kerata), borrowed from Greek κερατάς (keratás, “cornuto”).

Kuando el papás disho por la sigunda vez: "Bay kieratá!" le dize el sultán: "Kieratá yo?"

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס, נור, page 177:

When the priest repeated 'Oi, paskudnyak!', the sultan said, 'Me, a paskudnyak?'


bostejo

El bostejo va de boca en boca, como el pašarico de oja en oja.

Yawning goes from mouth to mouth like the bird from bough to bough.


bostejo

first-person singular present indicative of bostejar


tanyer

Inherited from Old Spanish tanner (“to play”), from Latin tangere, from Proto-Italic *tangō, nasal infix present from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g-.

inh+

Aki me meto a kantar yo
al tanyer de la gitara,
kualo al ombre ke lo apanya
un penserio ingradesido,
bilbiliko solitario
kon el dizir se konsola.

Here I get involved in singing
by playing the guitar,
which in the man holding it
[there's] a growing concern;
lonely little kid
who consoles himself by speaking.


guestro

head

guestro m sg (possessive, Hebrew spelling גואיסטרו, plural guestros, feminine guestra, feminine plural guestras)

גואיסטרו (Hebrew)
guestros (plural)
guestra (feminine)
guestras (feminine plural)

Onde vemos ke en esta parasha de "Bo" dize el pasuk: "i sera kuando dirian a vozotros guestros ijos: ke es isto?".

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 36:

Where we see that in this parashah of Bo, the verse says: ‘and when shall it be that your children would say to you: what is this?’


arrogansia

lad-noun

arrogansia f (Hebrew spelling ארוגאנסייה)

ארוגאנסייה (Hebrew)
arrogansa (alternative)
arrogansya (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin arrogantia, perhaps through another language.

Ayí por la ignoransia
La arrogansia, la intoleransia
La mezuzá kayía
Yorando entre despididas...

2008, Matilda Gini Barnatán, Viviana Rajel Barnatán, Darío Meta Barnatán, La ija i la madre komo la unya i la karne, Ibersaf Editores, →ISBN, page 73:

There through ignorance
Arrogance, intolerance
The mezuzah was silencing
Crying between farewells...

audacity; boldness; effrontery; impudence; insolence; shameless; chutzpah


engodrar

אינגודראר (Hebrew)
engodrar (infinitive)
aver engodrado (infinitive multiword-construction)
engodrando (gerund)
aviendo engodrado (gerund multiword-construction)
engodrado (masculine participle past singular)
engodrados (masculine participle past plural)
engodrada (feminine participle past singular)
engodradas (feminine participle past plural)
engodro (first-person indicative present singular)
engodras (indicative present second-person singular)
engodra (indicative present singular third-person)
engodramos (first-person indicative plural present)
engodráx (indicative plural present second-person)
engodran (indicative plural present third-person)
engodrava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
engodravas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
engodrava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
engodrávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
engodravax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
engodravan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
engodrí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
engodrates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
engodró (indicative preterite singular third-person)
engodrimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
engodratex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
engodraron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
engodraré (first-person future indicative singular)
engodrarás (future indicative second-person singular)
engodrará (future indicative singular third-person)
engodraremos (first-person future indicative plural)
engodraréx (future indicative plural second-person)
engodrarán (future indicative plural third-person)
engodraría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
engodrarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
engodraría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
engodraríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
engodraríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
engodrarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
engodre (first-person present singular subjunctive)
engodres (present second-person singular subjunctive)
engodre (present singular subjunctive third-person)
engodremos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
engodréx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
engodren (plural present subjunctive third-person)
engodrara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
engodraras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
engodrara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
engodráramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
engodrarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
engodraran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
engodra (imperative second-person singular)
engodrad (imperative plural second-person)
no engodres (imperative negative second-person singular)
no engodréx (imperative negative plural second-person)

From en- + godro + -ar. Cognate with Spanish engordar.

Para cada actividad, tomar mas de estas calorias es engodrar, tomar menos es aflacar, tomar lo justo es estar en equilibro.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11-34, page 75:

For each activity, taking more of these calories is to fatten, taking fewer is to thin, taking the right amount is to be in equilibrium.

[…] mos fuimos en luna de miel a París, i yo empesí a engodrarme ... i engodrarme. El prenyado a mí me yakishea muncho.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, זיקנתך כבחרותך, page 142:

we left to have our honeymoon in Paris, and I started to gain weight ... and gain weight. I look so much like I am pregnant.

(reflexive) to gain weight (become fatter)


prenyado

[…] mos fuimos en luna de miel a París, i yo empesí a engodrarme … i engodrarme. El prenyado a mí me yakishea muncho.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 142:

we left to have our honeymoon in Paris, and I started to gain weight … and gain weight. I look so much like I am pregnant.


tavatur

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish تواتر (“rumour”), from Arabic تَوَاتُر (tawātur, “narration in succession”).

bor

Este fakto se izo naturalmente tavatur en Romema entera.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, זיקנתך כבחרותך, page 180:

This fact naturally became a scandal in all of Romema.


repozo

Deverbal from repozar. Compare Portuguese repouso, French repos, Italian riposo, Romanian repaus, English repose.

Todo muestro korrer sin repozo, tende al repozo de shabat.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 207:

All our running without rest tends to be for Shabbat’s resting.

Yo ǧuzava, de otra parte, muy perikolozo por el repozo i la seguridad de·los ǧudyós de Turkía de propagar entre estos últimos este movimyento polítiko.

(Can we date this quote?), Christoph Herzog, Richard Wittmann, editors, Istanbul – Kushta – Constantinople: Narratives of Identity in the Ottoman Capital, 1830–1930, Taylor & Francis, published 2018, →ISBN, page 96:

I was judging it, in another way, very dangerous for the Turkish Jews’ peace and security in propagating, among these last things, this political movement.


repozo

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first-person singular present indicative of repozar


kodja boy

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوجه (koca) + بوی (boy).


dalkavo

dalkavos (plural)
alkavo (alternative)
de alkavo (alternative)


muhtach

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish محتاج (muhtac, muhtaç), from Arabic مُحْتَاج (muḥtāj).

bor+

La komunedad de Estanbol konta munchos rikos, la van endenyar estos rikos ke sus gran rabino salga a shelihot para una komunedad ke no es muhtach?

1888–1913, Rifat Birmizrahi, Ninet Bivas, editor, Lo ke meldavan nuestros padres, published 2002, page 221:

Istanbul's community includes many rich men, are these men going to agree that the chief rabbi leave to an embassy for a community that is not in need?


dezmodrado

דיזמודראדו (Hebrew)
desmodrado (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish desmoderado, from des- + Latin moderārī (“regulate, restrain, moderate”).

der

Se metio un fustan dezmodrado ke le esta kitando el nur

[Somebody] put on [such] a strange dress that she is no longer beautiful.


kayadez

קאייאדיז (Hebrew)
cayades (alternative)
cayadez (alternative)
kayades (alternative)

Una kayadez absoluta kayo adientro de la baraka.

2007, Moshe 'Ha-Elion, Las angustias del enferno: las pasadias de un djidio de Saloniki en los kampos de eksterminasion almanes Auschwitz, Mauthausen, Melk i Ebensee, Sentro Moshe David Gaon de Kultura Djudeo-Espanyola, Universidad Ben-Gurion del Negev, →ISBN, page 109:

An absolute silence fell inside of the cabin.


kayades

קאייאדיס (Hebrew)

En supito, en esta notche del 28 avril 1903 un patlak arrebuelvyo la kayades nokturna.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 184:

Then suddenly, on this night of April 28, 1903, an explosion shook the nightly silence.


súpito

סופיטו (Hebrew)
subito (alternative)
súbito (alternative)
supito (alternative)

Borrowed from Italian subito (“immediately”).

bor+

Komo una súpita mirada del destino

2008, Matilda Gini Barnatán, Viviana Rajel Barnatán, Darío Meta Barnatán, La ija i la madre komo la unya i la karne, Ibersaf Editores, →ISBN, page 75:


súpito

Súpito un ruido estraño se oyó […]

1909, Šemuel Saʻadí Haleví, edited by Elena Romero, El Dreyfus otomano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, published 2008, →ISBN, page 392:

all of the sudden
all of the sudden#English

suddenly; all of a sudden; all of the sudden


árvol

En la ora mas apretada i eskura, kwando la partida parese pyedrida, los dados de el destino se aboltan en mwestra favor, i kwando ya parese ke mos deshan zulá, salimos empyés komo los gatos ke los asegien i se suven en algún árvol ande no lo pweden alkansar.

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, קולות משאלוניקי היהודית, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 415:

In the most stressful and darkest hour, when the party appears lost, destiny's gifts turn up in our favour, and when it appears that it is leaving us in destitution, we leave on foot like the cats who chase them and they climb up some tree where they can't reach someone.


akea

head

akea (Hebrew spelling אקיאה, plural akeas)

Yo, ke nunka en mis dias ke non sali aver fuego, syendo fui akavidado, ma akea noche fui ovligado de ir a este fuego, non para verlo, otro ke syendo era serka dela kaza de si. Shelomo Fernandes.

(Can we date this quote?), Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 215:

Myself, never in all my days had I gone out to watch a fire, seeing as how I was warned against that, but that night I was obligated to go after this fire, not to watch it, but [because] it was approaching Mr. Shelomo Fernandes's house.


puerpo

פואירפו (Hebrew)
cuerpo (alternative)
kuerpo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish cuerpo (“body”), from Latin corpus, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrep-. The initial consonant shift might have been a product of either assimilation to the labialized velar approximant or anticipatory assimilation at a distance. Cognate with Spanish cuerpo.

inh+

Poco favlar, salud para el puerpo.

1960, Michael Molho, Literatura sefardita de Oriente, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Arias Montano, page 47:


djenerozita

Eya fue atraida por esta sivda importante de punto de vista djidyo, muy komertchante, i penso fazer profitar la komunita de su djenerozita.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 57:

She was attracted to this city from a Jewish point of view, very businesslike, and she thought to take advantage of the community's generosity.


malsin

Inherited from Old Spanish malsin (“informant”), from Hebrew מַלְשִׁין.

bor

Hebrew מַלְשִׁין

Es solo en 1574 ke la Inkizision avrio un tribunal permanente en Santiago, i pasaron mas de 30 anyos asta ke su influensa fuera konsentida en Ribadavia, i esto solo despues ke un malsin de entre los konversos de la sivdad, Jeronimo Bautista de Mena, denunsio a serka 14.

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 14:

It is only in 1574 that the Inquisition opened a permanent tribunal in Santiago, and more than thirty years passed until its influenced was consented to in Ribadavia, and this only after an informer from among the converts in the city of Jeronimo Bautista de Mena denounced about fourteen [people].


posivle

פוסיב׳לי (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish possible, posible (“possible”). Cognate with Spanish posible.

Naturalmente ke tu arás tu posivle de aprenderlas lo mežor posivle.

(Can we date this quote?), David Fresco, edited by Christoph Herzog, Richard Wittmann, Istanbul – Kushta – Constantinople: Narratives of Identity in the Ottoman Capital, 1830–1930, Taylor & Francis, published 2018, →ISBN, page 77:

Naturally, you shall do [what is] possible to learn them as well as possible.


tal komo

טאל קומו (Hebrew)
tal como (alternative)

De Selanik, i de otras sivdas, le mandaron la romansa tal komo la kantavan dainda i ke seguia byen la traduksyon franseza.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 133:

From Salonica and other cities, they instructed the ballad to one just like they were still singing it and it closely followed the French translation.


komo tal

קומו טאל (Hebrew)
como tal (alternative)

Avia tambyen dezeado no estar enterrado en un sementeryo muzulmano komo tal, kyeria ser enterrado en un bedahey djidyo i, en el kavzo onde las otoridades fueran opuestas a esto, dezeava ser enterrado en una tomba semplitche a la oriya de la mar.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 83:

[One] also wished to be uninterred in a Muslim cemetery as such, wanting to be interred in a Jewish cemetery and, in the case where the authorities were opposed to this, [one] wished to be interred in a simple tomb at the beach of the sea.


kamera de gaz

Para ti dizire este mizmo Shema Yisrael ke los tuyos entonaran en entrando en las kameras de gaz.

2003, Nuestra memoria, numbers 22–24, Fundación Memoria del Holocausto, page 28:

For you I shall say this same Shema Yisrael that yours shall sing upon entering the gas chambers.


trocamiento

lad-noun

trocamiento m (Hebrew spelling טרוקאמיינטו)

טרוקאמיינטו (Hebrew)

Como las mismas causas que trujeron el trocamiento radical del sefaradismo serbo o bulgaro, estas mismas causas provocaron tambien el trocamiento radical del sefaradismo turco.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 204:

Like the same causes that brought the radical change in Serbian and Bulgarian Sephardism, these same causes likewise provoke radical change in Turkish Sephardism.


trokamiento

trokamiento m (Hebrew spelling טרוקאמיינטו)

טרוקאמיינטו (Hebrew)
trocamiento (alternative)

Los djudios de Espanya eskrivian sus tekstos, en el espanyol ke avlavan entonses, kon letras ebreas, i kon reglas de transliterasion ke fueron mantenidas, kon chikos trokamientos, durante sienes de anyos.

Spain's Jews were writing their texts, in the Spanish that they were speaking back then, with Hebrew letters, and with transliteration rules that were maintained, with few changes, for hundreds of years.

alternation; change; modification; shift (edit)


pekado

Inherited from Old Spanish pecado (“sin”), from Latin peccātum, from peccō (“to sin, offend”).

inh+

En supito me te fuites,
Sin kulpa i sin pekado.

1986, Haïm-Vidal Sephiha, Le judéo-espagnol, Entente, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 172:

Suddenly you went to me without guilt and without sin.


mizmo

מיזמו (Hebrew)
mesmo (alternative)
mezmo (alternative)
mismo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish mesmo, from Vulgar Latin *metipsimus (compare French même, Italian medesimo, Portuguese mesmo, Spanish mismo), from Latin -met, an emphatic suffix, with ipse (“himself”) & -issimus (a superlative suffix).

same; identical; one and the same; indicates that the two compared noun clauses both represent the one thing

I kedava la kaza entera kon todos los byenes en poder de estos guardyanes komo si fueran eyos mizmos los patrones, i eran sirvidos en gaste de el patron de la kaza.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 188:

And these caretakers, as if they themselves were the owners, kept custody over the entire house and all of its belongings, and the [real] homeowner served them by [paying] the expenses.

(with a personal pronoun) self; emphasizes the identity or singularity of the modified noun phrase


mizmo

Era solo en la keila sovre todo en Yom Kippur ke se pudiya sintir la dulse lingua i yorar mizmo si no la avlavas mas.

2016 August 9, José Guillermo Angel R., “SOBRE EL LADINO: “YO AVLO, MELDO I ESKRIVO DJUDIO””, in Fronteras e interculturalidad entre los sefardíes occidentales, Brill, →ISBN, page 101:

It was only in the synagogue, above all on Yom Kippur, that one could hear the sweet language and cry even if you were no longer speaking it.


pedrisko

פידריסקו (Hebrew)
pedrisco (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish pedrisco, from piedra (“stone”). Cognate with Spanish pedrisco.

I el sol es de dos modos kontrarios uno de otro, ke la parte ke esta para la tierra es de fuego, ma la otra parte ke da para el sielo es de pedrisko, ke kon esto se konserva uno kon otro, i el envierno tiene la vanda del pedrisko para la tierra i ansi aze muncho friyo, i si no fuera ke la otra vanda es de fuego, no era posivle ke pudieran la djente sonportarlo.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 66:

And the sun is of two phases contrary to one another: the part for the earth is fire, yet the other part for the sky is hail, one with the other is kept with this, and winter has hail's side for the earth, making it very cold, and if it weren't for the other side, the fiery one, it would not be possible that people could bear it.


mereser

Inherited from Old Spanish meresçer, mereçer, from Vulgar Latin *merēscere, from Latin merēre.

Eia te envoca con palavras dulsis
Con cantes i loores¹) ke tu las mereses
Es ia tiempo ke de eia te entereses
Ajenos se empatronan de sus posesiones
Termine la aniada i sus maldisiones.

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 8:

It lifts you with sweet words, with songs and praises that you deserve, 'tis now time that it interest you; strangers seize its possessions. End the year and its curses.

(transitive) to deserve; to merit; to be worthy of


perfektamente

lad-adv

פירפﬞיקטאמינטי

perfektamente (Hebrew spelling פירפﬞיקטאמינטי)

פירפﬞיקטאמינטי (Hebrew)
perfectamente (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish perfectamente (“perfectly”).

inh+

Letra a Antonio Saura ke kreya azer retratos imaginarios por un sefardi de Turkia ke se akodra perfektamente de kada uno de sus modeles

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 149:

Letter to Antonio Saura, who supposes that making imaginary profiles by a Turkish Sephardi agrees perfectly with each one of his models.


פירפﬞיקטאמינטי

lad-adv

פירפﬞיקטאמינטי (Latin spelling perfektamente)

perfektamente (romanization)
פֶּרְפֶקְטַמֶנְט (alternative)

טודﬞאבﬞיאה, איגזאמינאדﬞו איי אונוס קואנטוס די פארטי איל מידﬞיקו דיל אזילו די מירסטון, איל פﬞואי אינביאדﬞו אטראס אס סו קאזה קומו פירפﬞיקטאמינטי סאנו די איספיריטו.

Still, examining there some accounts of [a] part of Merstone's shelter's medicine, he was sent back to his house in a perfectly healthy [state of] mind.


empatronar

lad-verb

empatronar (Hebrew spelling אימפאטרונאר)

אימפאטרונאר (Hebrew)
empatronar (infinitive)
aver empatronado (infinitive multiword-construction)
empatronando (gerund)
aviendo empatronado (gerund multiword-construction)
empatronado (masculine participle past singular)
empatronados (masculine participle past plural)
empatronada (feminine participle past singular)
empatronadas (feminine participle past plural)
empatrono (first-person indicative present singular)
empatronas (indicative present second-person singular)
empatrona (indicative present singular third-person)
empatronamos (first-person indicative plural present)
empatronáx (indicative plural present second-person)
empatronan (indicative plural present third-person)
empatronava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
empatronavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
empatronava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
empatronávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
empatronavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
empatronavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
empatroní (first-person indicative preterite singular)
empatronates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
empatronó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
empatronimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
empatronatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
empatronaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
empatronaré (first-person future indicative singular)
empatronarás (future indicative second-person singular)
empatronará (future indicative singular third-person)
empatronaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
empatronaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
empatronarán (future indicative plural third-person)
empatronaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
empatronarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
empatronaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
empatronaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
empatronaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
empatronarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
empatrone (first-person present singular subjunctive)
empatrones (present second-person singular subjunctive)
empatrone (present singular subjunctive third-person)
empatronemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
empatronéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
empatronen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
empatronara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
empatronaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
empatronara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
empatronáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
empatronarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
empatronaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
empatrona (imperative second-person singular)
empatronad (imperative plural second-person)
no empatrones (imperative negative second-person singular)
no empatronéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

Si en vedrá empatronaría él ansí un grado de reliĝośidad, a_la hora ³⁶ no bušcaría él afeitarse con ansí unas decoraciones y recamados que traen a_la persona a altigüeźa.

1983, Elena Romero, Repertorio de noticias sobre el mundo teatral de los sefardíes orientales, Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press, →ISBN, page 33:

If he would indeed control such a level of religiosity, he would not yet look to adorn hisself with such decorations and embroidery that make somebody arrogant.

En los tres otros dias de la marcha las kozas se pasaron de la mizma manera, i solo mi fuersa me se fuiya mas i mas, la kanseria se aumentava i se empatronava de mi puerpo entero, i mi kaminada me azia grande pezgadia.

2007, Moshe 'Ha-Elion, Las angustias del enferno: las pasadias de un djidio de Saloniki en los kampos de eksterminasion almanes Auschwitz, Mauthausen, Melk i Ebensee, Sentro Moshe David Gaon de Kultura Djudeo-Espanyola, Universidad Ben-Gurion del Negev, →ISBN, page 103:

In the three days of marching things happened the same way, only my energy was draining more and more, my fatigue worsening and seizing my entire body, and it was harder to walk.


arretar

arretar (infinitive)
aver arretado (infinitive multiword-construction)
arretando (gerund)
aviendo arretado (gerund multiword-construction)
arretado (masculine participle past singular)
arretados (masculine participle past plural)
arretada (feminine participle past singular)
arretadas (feminine participle past plural)
arreto (first-person indicative present singular)
arretas (indicative present second-person singular)
arreta (indicative present singular third-person)
arretamos (first-person indicative plural present)
arretáx (indicative plural present second-person)
arretan (indicative plural present third-person)
arretava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
arretavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
arretava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
arretávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
arretavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
arretavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
arretí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
arretates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
arretó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
arretimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
arretatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
arretaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
arretaré (first-person future indicative singular)
arretarás (future indicative second-person singular)
arretará (future indicative singular third-person)
arretaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
arretaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
arretarán (future indicative plural third-person)
arretaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
arretarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
arretaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
arretaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
arretaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
arretarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
arrete (first-person present singular subjunctive)
arretes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
arrete (present singular subjunctive third-person)
arretemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
arretéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
arreten (plural present subjunctive third-person)
arretara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
arretaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
arretara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
arretáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
arretarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
arretaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
arreta (imperative second-person singular)
arretad (imperative plural second-person)
no arretes (imperative negative second-person singular)
no arretéx (imperative negative plural second-person)
aretar (alternative)

ya atorno; ma los diozes, parese, al kamino l'arretan.

(Can we date this quote?), “Odisea”, in Folkmasa:

[Somebody] already returned, but the gods, it seems, stop him on his path.


aiuda

Cualo respondire? Aiuda de ken demandare?
En dia de tu giuzgo onde io me fuire?

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 10:

Who shall respond? Whose help shall I request? Where shall I flee on your day of judgement?


kavakar

קאב׳אקאר (Hebrew)
kavakar (infinitive)
aver kavakado (infinitive multiword-construction)
kavakando (gerund)
aviendo kavakado (gerund multiword-construction)
kavakado (masculine participle past singular)
kavakados (masculine participle past plural)
kavakada (feminine participle past singular)
kavakadas (feminine participle past plural)
kavako (first-person indicative present singular)
kavakas (indicative present second-person singular)
kavaka (indicative present singular third-person)
kavakamos (first-person indicative plural present)
kavakáx (indicative plural present second-person)
kavakan (indicative plural present third-person)
kavakava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
kavakavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
kavakava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
kavakávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
kavakavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
kavakavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
kavakí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
kavakates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
kavakó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
kavakimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
kavakatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
kavakaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
kavakaré (first-person future indicative singular)
kavakarás (future indicative second-person singular)
kavakará (future indicative singular third-person)
kavakaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
kavakaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
kavakarán (future indicative plural third-person)
kavakaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
kavakarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
kavakaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
kavakaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
kavakaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
kavakarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
kavake (first-person present singular subjunctive)
kavakes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
kavake (present singular subjunctive third-person)
kavakemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
kavakéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
kavaken (plural present subjunctive third-person)
kavakara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
kavakaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
kavakara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
kavakáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
kavakarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
kavakaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
kavaka (imperative second-person singular)
kavakad (imperative plural second-person)
no kavakes (imperative negative second-person singular)
no kavakéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

Borrowed from Old Galician-Portuguese cavaco + -ar, from Late Latin cava, substantivized from Latin cava, the feminine of the adjective cavus.

bor+

Mas antes, mientres k’en las rovinas kavakavan
i el kadavre de sus amigo lo bushkavan,
la statua de Dagon a la tierra arrojada,
entera rota vieron, sin pies, deskavesada.

Yet earlier, whilst they were digging up the ruins, and were seeking their friend’s corpse, Dagon’s statue on the rejected land, they came upon an utterly broken person, footless and headless.

to dig; to dig up; to drill; to excavate; to shovel


nikochero

“Madre yugoza kita ijas nikocheras// La madre piadoza kita ija tinyoza”

2004, Tamar Alexander Frizer, Words Are Better Than Bread: A Study of the Judeo-Spanish Proverb, מכון בן־צבי לחקר קהילות ישראל במזרח, →ISBN, page 68:

‘[The] devoted mother leaves elderly [her] daughters; the compassionate mother leaves [her] stingy daughter.’


lavabó

Borrowed from French lavabo (“washbasin”).

Tenían ayá lavabó i gaz, ama orno no tenían.

2021 July 14, Aldo Sevi, “La Tant Roza”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

They had gas and [a] sink there, yet no oven.


liƀro

Él kontó a sus mužeres, ke lo interogaƀan kon kuryozidad, todo lo ke le pasó en este día en el palasyo del emperador; i después él se fue a su kamareta, tomó un liƀro del Talmûđ i se metyó a estudyarlo kon dezeo. ¡Aƀía kuántos días ke él no tokaƀa ningún liƀro!

1978, María del Rosario Martínez González, editor, Un marido entre dos mužeres: novela anónima en ladino, Ameller Ediciones, →ISBN, page 71:

He told his women that he was interrogating him curiously [about] everything that happened to him today in the emperor's palace, then he left for his room, took a book from the Talmud, and started to study it desirously. It had been several days since he hadn't taken a book!

(Yugoslavia) Alternative spelling of livro


prezervasion

lad-noun

פריזירב׳אסייון

prezervasion f (Hebrew spelling פריזירב׳אסייון)

פריזירב׳אסייון (Hebrew)
prezervasión (alternative)

Despues de la fondasion del Estado de Israel, jurnales komo “La Verdad”, “El Tyempo”, “La Luz de Israel” kontribuaron a la prezervasion del Djudeo.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 18:

After the foundation of the State of Israel, journals such as “La Verdad”, “El Tyempo”, “La Luz de Israel” contribute to Judezmo’s preservation.


prezervasión

פריזירב׳אסייון

prezervasión f (Hebrew spelling פריזירב׳אסייון)

פריזירב׳אסייון (Hebrew)

La prezervasión de la kultura djudeo espanyola en general i la de la lengua en partikular preokupa a los ke se enteresan al kampo del ladino.

2007, Silvia Guastalla, Il Giudeo-Spagnolo (Ladino): cultura e tradizione sefardita tra presente, passato e futuro, S. Belforte, →ISBN, page 181:

The preservation of Judaeo-Spanish in general and the language in particular concern those interested at the Ladino camp.


kuzina

La primera koza dunke ke se nota en la kuzina djudeo‐espanyola es la manera turka de azer kada día el arroz, ke se kome en grandes kantidades i no manka ni un día en la meza del djudío proveniente del Impero Otomano.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 70:

The first thing noted in the Judaeo‐Spanish kitchen is the Turkish style of making rice daily, which is eaten in great quantities and is never absent for one day from the table of the Jew originating from the Ottoman Empire.


egzaktamente

El numero de los djidyos partisipantes en las geras no es ainda egzaktamente fiksado.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria: Estudio y edición crítica de la obra «Notas istorikas» de Avraam Moshe Tadjer, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, →ISBN, page 367:

The number of Jewish participants in the wars is not yet exactly fixed.


fransez

Inherited from Old Spanish françes, frances (“French”), from Latin francēnsis.

Este eskojimiento de la lingua franseza tiene munças kavzas.

1997, Salamon Bicerano, Relatos en lingua judeo-espanyola, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., →ISBN, page 60:

This selection of the French tongue has many causes.

French (of or pertaining to France or specifically its national language)


fransez

fransez m (Hebrew spelling פ׳ראנסיז, feminine franseza)

פ׳ראנסיז (Hebrew)
franseza (feminine)
franses (alternative)

En el mizmo razonamiento se deve de akuzar i todos los fransezes kontamporaneos ke bivieron en el tiempo ke fue kemada biva Jeanne d’Arc, de ser asasinos de la ke izo salvar el reynado i azer la unita de la Fransia, de mezmo, en el mizmo razonamiento deven de ser akuzados los italianos por la muerte de Gallée.

1997, Salamon Bicerano, Relatos en lingua judeo-espanyola, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., →ISBN, page 116:

By the same logic one must also accuse all of the French today who lived in the time when Joan of Arc was burnt alive of being the murderers of she who saved the kingdom and France’s unity, likewise, by the same logic one must charge the Italians for the death of [Galileo] Galilee.


fransez

La partida judeo‐espanyol era redijida por Shelomo Musatcho, profesor de fransez en la eskola imperial del genio (istihkam).

2007, Pablo Martín Asuero, Karen Gerson Şarhon, editor, Ayer y hoy de la prensa en judeoespañol, Editorial Isis, page 74:

The Judaeo‐Spanish party was being redirected by Shelomo Musatcho, a French professor in the imperial school of the genius.

(chiefly uncountable) French (the language of France, shared by the neighboring countries Belgium, Monaco, and Switzerland and by former French colonies around the world)


gioez

Tu ke sos el gioez de toda la tiera, i con la justisia es sostenida,
Acorda vidas i mezericordia a tu nasion afliida ²).
I la orasion de la maniana como alsasion ³) seia resevida

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 12:

You who are judge of all the world, and with whom justice is sustained, give life and mercy to your aflicted nation. And may the morning prayer be received as sacrifice.


giustidad

Tu sos envestido i envelupado de giustidad, a ti solo apartiene la sopirioridad
Si no ai en nozotros ovras ⁴) boenas, acodrate de noestros padres i de sus santedad.
Siempre los tengas en tu memoria i apiada a tu comunidad

You are dressed and enveloped with justice, only to you does superiority belong; were good deeds absent from us, remind yourself of our fathers and their holiness. You always have them in memory; rescue your people.

(Romania) Alternative spelling of djustidad


dezayuno

דיזאייונו (Hebrew)
desayuno (alternative)

Deverbal from dezayunar. Cognate with Spanish desayuno.

Me fui ande Marko ke me aresivio kon brasos aviertos i me kombido a komer un dezayuno savrozo ke avia aprontado su mujer.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 65:

I went [to] where Marko received me with open arms and invited me to have a savoury breakfast that his mother prepared.

breakfast (the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning)


dezayuno

דיזאייונו (Hebrew)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first-person singular present indicative of dezayunar

third-person singular preterite indicative of dezayunar


direktamente

Inherited from Old Spanish directamente (“directly”). Cognate with Spanish directamente.

inh+

Tambien topamos en estos kuentos various motivos ke, a vezes, paresen aver sido influensados direktamente por la Biblia i la tradision djudia, i adaptados despues a las konseɉas.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 32:

We also find in these accounts various motives that, at times, appear to have been directly influenced by the Bible and Jewish tradition, and adapated according to the tales.


famiya

פ׳אמיאה (Hebrew)
famia (alternative)
famía (alternative)
familia (alternative)
familya (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish familia (“family”).

En 1923, se modernizo la identidad de las personas, pero a unos ermanos de mi Papu le metieron en el nufus la alkunya Rodrik, i a la otra mitad de la famiya, la alkunya Rodriges.

2007, Hernán Rodriguez Fisse, “Alkunya Rodrik o Rodriguez”, in El Amaneser, section 27:

People’s identities were modernised in 1923, but like some of my grandfather’s brothers they put him on the Rodrik surname identity card, and as for my family’s other half, the surname Rodriges.

family (a group of people who are closely related to one another (by blood, marriage or adoption); kin; in particular, a set of parents and their children; an immediate family)


kevranto

קיב׳ראנטו (Hebrew)
quebranto (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish quebranto (“sorrow”).

Delantre de ti io mi orgolio abato
I mi corason lo razgo con kevranto¹)

I suppress my pride before you, and my heart tears it with despair.


kevranto

first-person singular present indicative of kevrantar

third-person singular preterite indicative of kevrantar


kevrantar

קיב׳ראנטאר (Hebrew)
kevrantar (infinitive)
aver kevrantado (infinitive multiword-construction)
kevrantando (gerund)
aviendo kevrantado (gerund multiword-construction)
kevrantado (masculine participle past singular)
kevrantados (masculine participle past plural)
kevrantada (feminine participle past singular)
kevrantadas (feminine participle past plural)
kevranto (first-person indicative present singular)
kevrantas (indicative present second-person singular)
kevranta (indicative present singular third-person)
kevrantamos (first-person indicative plural present)
kevrantáx (indicative plural present second-person)
kevrantan (indicative plural present third-person)
kevrantava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
kevrantavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
kevrantava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
kevrantávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
kevrantavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
kevrantavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
kevrantí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
kevrantates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
kevrantó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
kevrantimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
kevrantatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
kevrantaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
kevrantaré (first-person future indicative singular)
kevrantarás (future indicative second-person singular)
kevrantará (future indicative singular third-person)
kevrantaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
kevrantaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
kevrantarán (future indicative plural third-person)
kevrantaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
kevrantarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
kevrantaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
kevrantaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
kevrantaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
kevrantarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
kevrante (first-person present singular subjunctive)
kevrantes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
kevrante (present singular subjunctive third-person)
kevrantemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
kevrantéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
kevranten (plural present subjunctive third-person)
kevrantara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
kevrantaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
kevrantara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
kevrantáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
kevrantarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
kevrantaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
kevranta (imperative second-person singular)
kevrantad (imperative plural second-person)
no kevrantes (imperative negative second-person singular)
no kevrantéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old Spanish quebrantar (“to break”).

Kevrantó, grito amargo y boz de nuestra exclamacion,
Con su intelligencia y su espiritu de abnegacion.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 36:

It has broken [a] bitter shout and our voice’s exclamation with its intelligence and its mind of devotion.

(ambitransitive) to break (separate into two or more pieces, to fracture or crack, by a process that cannot easily be reversed for reassembly)


orgolio

אורגולייו (Hebrew)
orgolyo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish orgullo (“pride”), borrowed from Old Catalan orgull, from Vulgar Latin *orgollium, itself from Proto-West Germanic *uʀgōllju, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *uzgōljō. Related to French orgueil, Italian orgoglio, & Portuguese orgulho.


pipirushka

pipirushkas (plural)
piperushka (alternative)

Most likely a compound of Bulgarian пипер (piper) and чушка (čuška).

Los invyernos komiyamos los zerzevates I frutas del invyerno, komo la espinaka, la kol i el apyo. En el enverano era la berendjena, la kalavasa i la pipirushka.

2006, Los Muestros, numbers 62–69, R. Capuia, page 44:

Winters we ate the fruits and vegetables of winter, like spinach, cabbage and celery. In summer it was eggplant, zucchini and green pepper.


inogurasion

La seremoniya de inogurasion tendra lugar el lunes 24 de marso venidero.

2002, Los Muestros, numbers 46–55, R. Capuia, page 6:

The inauguration ceremony shall take place the upcoming Monday, March 24.

Deskuvrimos defterikos de rabinos kon derushim para shabat o para fiestas relijiozas, defterikos de mo’halim kon poezias kompuestas para algunas okaziones komo inogurasion de kaza mueva o berit mila.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 46:

We discover little notebooks from rabbis with sermons for Shabbat or for religious celebrations, little notebooks from uncircumcised ones with poems composed for some occasions such as [a] new house’s inauguration or [a] brit milah.


inaugurasion

inaugurasión (alternative)
inogurasion (alternative)

[…] en el kamino para ir a la inaugurasion de la Şara de Atatürk, kreyemos ke Demirel se sintiria komo en su kaza en bat‐Yam, onde el nombre de Atatürk tiene valor komo en Turkiya.

1997, Salamon Bicerano, Relatos en lingua judeo-espanyola, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., →ISBN, page 252:

On the way to get to Şara de Atatürk’s inauguration, we believe that Demirel shall be heard as in his house on bat‐Yam, where Atatürk’s name carries weight as in Türkiye.

Mihael Papo eskrivio una gramatika en ebreo i trezlado varias orasiones para la inaugurasion de la Grande Sinagoga sefaradi, en 1808.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 52:

Mihael Papo wrote a grammar in Hebrew and translated various prayers for the Great Sephardi Synagogue’s inauguration in 1808.


atristado

Borrowed from French attristé (“saddened”).

bor+

Io mi consiento dolorozo i atristado
Por mis reveios²) ke io e reveiado

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 10:

I feel agonized and sad through my rebellions that I have resisted.


doloriozo

דולורייוזו (Hebrew)
doloroso (alternative)
dolorozo (alternative)

Kuanto a la tersera klase (las povres) no puedemos inkuparla en nada, aunke reprezenta el mas doloriozo espetakulo posivle.

2006, Miscelánea de estudios árabes y hebraicos, volume 55, Universidad de Granada, page 61:

As for the third class (the poor), we cannot fault it for anything, even if it represents the most painful sight possible.


boracio

Topandome boracio de ansia sino vino
Io dezvii³) mis pasos de tu camino

Finding me drunk from wineless grief, I stray from the steps on my path.

(Romania) Alternative spelling of boracho


en konkluzión

En konkluzión podemos dizir ke através las enfluensas kulinarias i linguístikas resiprokas entre las varias kuzinas en el tiempo, es posible rekonstruir las fazas de istoria de los puevlos.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 74:

In conclusion, we can say that through the reciprocal linguistic and culinary influences between the various cuisines of the time, it is possible to reconstruct the peoples’ phases of history.


en konkluzion

head

אין קונקלוזייון

en konkluzion (Hebrew spelling אין קונקלוזייון)

אין קונקלוזייון (Hebrew)
en konkluzión (alternative)

En konkluzion podemos dizir ke los djudios de la Espanya Medievala no se mantenian solamente de ufisios finansiarios i komersales i no todos eran rikos, savios o intelektuales.

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, קורס לספרדית־יהודית (לאדינו) למתקדמים, Merkaz Eliacher, Universidad Ben-Gurion en el Negev, page 156:

In conclusion, we can say that Mediaeval Spain’s Jews were not maintained only through financial and commercial offices, and not all were rich, wise, or intellectual.

En un sentimiento de respekto por esta admiravle institusion, devemos en konkluzion azer akodrar a nuestros lektores la valor da la edukasion de esta Fondasion ke troko la vida de los judios en los payizes onde fraguo sus eskuolas.

2000, Salamon Bicerano, Relatos akademikos i populares en Judeo-Espanyol (1998–2000), Gözlem, →ISBN, page 82:

In a feeling of respect for this admirable institution, we must, in conclusion, remind our readers this foundation’s education’s value that changes the life of Jews in countries where the foundation built schools.


un poko

Un día yo fui al kabiné (ke era un foyo en al tierra, un poko leshos de muestra kaza), i kual no fue mi orror, kuando lo vidi yeno de unos guzanos blankos enormes.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 78:

One day I was at the workroom (which was a pit in the earth a little ways from our house), and wasn’t I scared when I saw it full of huge white worms.

(modifying an adjective) a bit; a little; kind of; slightly; somewhat; kinda

Kuando una persona le demandava una bevida, tomava un kopo de la tchintura, lo arrufyava un poko kon la agua de la alkuza i, abokandose eskorria de la redoma por enriva su ombro, un tchorro arresfreskante de limonata.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 178:

When somebody demanded a drink, they took a cup from the belt, sprinkled it with a little water from the container, and — bending over lightly scratching themselves from the bottle above their shoulder — a refreshing burst of lemonade.

Aspera un poko, bwen djidyó. Es virgwensa de yirse de noche. Amanyana de manyana, aydes. Aséntese en su lugar.

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, Voices from Jewish Salonika, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 592:

Wait a minute, [my] good Jew. It’s a shame to leave at night. The day after tomorrow, go forth. May one settle in one’s place.

I alora estos dos, tan mansevos, ja espozos, đenitores, respiravan un poko mas kontentes!

2018, Laura Papo Bohoreta, edited by María José Cano, Nela Kovačević, La mujer sefardí, Editorial Universidad de Granada, →ISBN, page 86:

So these two, being young, now married fathers, breathed a little more easily!

(modifying a verb) some; a bit; a little

Kalía solamente kaminando kon metod, por no kansar de ƀista el estómago tan flako, enforteserlo, i para esto era menester un poko de tiempo.

1978, María del Rosario Martínez González, editor, Un marido entre dos mužeres: novela anónima en ladino, Ameller Ediciones, →ISBN, page 50:

One only needed to walk with [this] method: by avoiding rest until the stomach [was] too weak, strengthening it, and a little time was needed for this.

Kale ajustado a esto un poko de agua i un poko de arina…

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 237:

A little water and a little flour needs to be added to this…

a little bit; a little; a bit; some (when followed by de)


inkluzo

אינקלוזו (Hebrew)

"Yo kero ke me digas exaktamente kuanto dinero tienes, inkluzos tus palasios i todas tus propriedades. Te do tres días de tiempo. Aze el kuento i ven a dizírmelo."

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס: אגדות וסיפורי מוסר מן המסורת היהודית־ספרדית, נור, page 251:

‘I want you to tell me exactly how much money you have, including your palaces and all your properties. I am giving you three days time. Calculate the amount and come tell it to me.’


inkluzo

אינקלוזו (Hebrew)

Se organizaron kolokios, kongresos i eventos varios, e inkluzo fueron publikados artikulos en periodikos — ¿kon intension politika o filolojika?— sovre este tema.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 22:

Debates, congresses, and various events were organized, and even articles in periodicals — with political or philologic intention? — were published about this theme.


prezensia

lad-noun

prezensia f (Hebrew spelling פריזינסייה)

פריזינסייה (Hebrew)
presencia (alternative)

Mis malisias las tengo en mi prezensia
Por eias consiento remurso⁴) i dolensia

I have my evils in my presence, through them I feel remorse and discomfort.


dolensia

דולינסייה (Hebrew)


malisia

מאליסייה (Hebrew)