meldar

מילדאר (Hebrew)
meldar (infinitive)
aver meldado (infinitive multiword-construction)
meldando (gerund)
aviendo meldado (gerund multiword-construction)
meldado (masculine participle past singular)
meldados (masculine participle past plural)
meldada (feminine participle past singular)
meldadas (feminine participle past plural)
meldo (indicative present singular)
meldas (indicative present singular)
melda (indicative present singular third-person)
meldamos (first-person indicative plural present)
meldáx (indicative plural present second-person)
meldan (indicative plural present third-person)
meldava (imperfect indicative singular)
meldavas (imperfect indicative singular)
meldava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
meldávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
meldavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
meldavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
meldí (indicative preterite singular)
meldates (indicative preterite singular)
meldó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
meldimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
meldatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
meldaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
meldaré (future indicative singular)
meldarás (future indicative singular)
meldará (future indicative singular third-person)
meldaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
meldaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
meldarán (future indicative plural third-person)
meldaría (conditional indicative singular)
meldarías (conditional indicative singular)
meldaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
meldaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
meldaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
meldarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
melde (present singular subjunctive)
meldes (present singular subjunctive)
melde (present singular subjunctive third-person)
meldemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
meldéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
melden (plural present subjunctive third-person)
meldara (imperfect singular subjunctive)
meldaras (imperfect singular subjunctive)
meldara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
meldáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
meldarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
meldaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
melda (imperative positive singular)
meldad (imperative plural positive second-person)
no meldes (imperative negative singular)
no meldéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

ceremonial reading or religious study; particularly reading of memorial prayer for the dead

meldado

a religious ceremony for the soul of the dead


istorya

איסטורייה (Hebrew)


סילאס

Inherited from Old Spanish Silas, from Latin Silas.


אונו

Inherited from Old Spanish uno, from Latin ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one, single”). Doublet of און.


אונו

head

אונו (Hebrew spelling, Latin spelling uno)


baruh xemó

בארוך שהמו (Hebrew)


בארוך שהמו

Borrowed from Hebrew ברוך (barukh, “blessed”) + Hebrew שמו (sh'mo, “his name”).


merka

third-person singular present indicative of merkar


פלור

From Old Spanish flor, from Latin flōs, flōrem.


בילביליקו

בילביל בילביל#Ladino


בילביל

בילביל m (diminutive בילביליקו)


טודו

טודו m sg (f sg טודה, m pl טודוס, f pl טודאס)

טודאס לאס פאלאבראס


enterés

אינטיריס (Hebrew)
interes (alternative)
interés (alternative)
intereso (alternative)
enteres (alternative)
entereso (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin interesse. Cognate with Spanish interés.

Enkoražado por el enterés ke despyertavan estas predikasyones, yo kontinuí kon mas ardor i perseverensya i todo mi ser era absorbado, tomado por este lavoro.

(Can we date this quote?), David Fresco, edited by Christoph Herzog, Richard Wittmann, Istanbul – Kushta – Constantinople: Narratives of Identity in the Ottoman Capital, 1830–1930, Taylor & Francis, published 2018, →ISBN, page 96:

Encouraged by the interest that this preaching awakened, I continued with my passion and perseverance with every fibre of my being, taken by this work.


otomano

Ottoman (relating to the empire centred in Turkey from the 14th century to the 20th)


otomano

lad-noun

אָטאָמאַנאָס

otomano f (Hebrew spelling אָטאָמאַנאָס, plural otomanos)


fambres

פﬞאמבריס (Hebrew)


aroz

Alternative spelling of arroz (Aki Yerushalayim, French and Turkish orthography spellings in non-trilled rhotic dialects; where "rr" is neutralised.)


ארוז

ארוז m (plural ארוזיס)


arroz tané

rice whose grains are quite distinct, clear and separate from one another, rice that doesn't become easily porridge.


arozal

Alternative spelling of arrozal (Aki Yerushalayim, French and Turkish orthography spellings in dialects where "rr" is neutralised.)


ארוזאל

ארוזאל m (plural ארוזאליס)

ארוזאליס (plural)


arrozico

aroziko (alternative)
ארוזיקו (alternative)

(Salonikó) a very neat and very appetising rice dish


aroziko

Alternative spelling of arrozico (Aki Yerushalayim, French and Turkish orthography spellings in dialects where "rr" is neutralised.)


פילה

פילה f (plural פילאס)


caxón

caxones (plural)
kashon (alternative)
kachon (alternative)
kaşon (alternative)
קאשון (alternative)

Ánde está la llave que estava en caxón?

Where is the key that was in the drawer?


kashon

Aki Yerushalayim orthography spelling of caxón


קאשון

קאשון m (plural קאשוניס)


caxonerío

caxonerío m (Hebrew spelling קאשוניריאו)

קאשוניריאו (Hebrew)
kashonerio (alternative)
kashoneriyo (alternative)
kashoniriyo (alternative)
kashoniriyu (alternative)
kachonerio (alternative)
kachoneriyo (alternative)
kachoniriyo (alternative)
kachoniriyu (alternative)
kaşoneriyo (alternative)
קאשוניריאו (alternative)

multitude of drawers (wherein one usually gets lost).


פילאףֿ

פילאףֿ m (plural פילאפֿיס)

פילאפֿיס (plural)


ארוזיס

ארוז ארוז#Ladino


פילאפֿיס

head

פילאפֿיס m pl

פילאףֿ פילאףֿ#Ladino


ארוזאליס

ארוזאליס m pl

ארוזאל ארוזאל#Ladino


פילאס

פילה פילה#Ladino


קאשוניס

קאשוניס m pl

קאשון קאשון#Ladino


Shoá

[…] i el ke izo mas empresión fue naturalmente Haím Refael, ke kontó de la Shoá i de estadía en Auschwitz i de komo kedó en vida.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 401:

And the one who made the biggest impression was, naturally, Haím Refael, who recounted the Shoah, the stay in Auschwitz, and how he kept alive.


umidita

Ma estos diyas, la mas grande partida de los filmos negativos estan en una negra situasyon en la umidita de un vyejo apartamento.

2018 November 21, Silvyo OVADYA, “Un fotografo modesto ma korajoso”, in Şalom:

But these days, the majority of the film negatives are in a bad situation in the dampness of an old apartment.


kriatura

From Latin creatūra (compare Spanish criatura).


Yisrael

Borrowed from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisra'el).

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

(biblical) Israel (a Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)


movimyento

movimyentos (plural)
movimento (alternative)
movimiento (alternative)


מזוזות

מזוזה מזוזה#Ladino


liturjiko

liturjiko m (f liturjika, m pl liturjikos, f pl liturjikas)

muzika liturjika


investigasion

lad-noun

investigasion f (plural investigasiones)


sientifiko

head

sientifiko m (f sientifika, m pl sientifikos, f pl sientifikas)


sefaradi

lad-noun

sefaradi m (plural sefaradis or sefaradim)

sefaradis (plural)
sefaradim (plural)
Sefaradi (alternative)


deskriptivo

head

deskriptivo m sg (f sg deskriptiva, m pl deskriptivos, f pl deskriptivas)


kiji

first-person singular preterite indicative of kerer


pásharo

El pásharo boló

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, קורס לספרדית־יהודית (לאדינו) למתחילים, Merkaz Eliacher, Universidad Ben-Gurion en el Negev, page 74:


kemar

From Old Spanish quemar, from Vulgar Latin *caimāre, a Greek-influenced modification of Latin cremāre. Compare Spanish quemar.


kamino

lad-noun

kamino m (Hebrew spelling קאמינו, plural kaminos)

קאמינו (Hebrew)
kaminos (plural)
camino (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish camino (“road”).

inh+

[…] tomo el kamino dela banka otomana, […]

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 277:

ya atorno; ma los diozes, parese, al kamino l'arretan.

(Can we date this quote?), “Odisea”, in Folkmasa:

[Somebody] already returned, but the gods, it seems, stop him on his path.


kamino

first-person singular present indicative of kaminar

third-person singular preterite indicative of kaminar


rizá

ריזה (Hebrew)
riza (alternative)
rida (alternative)
ridá (alternative)

Presumably from Ottoman Turkish رضا (rıza), from Arabic رِضًا (riḍan). The semantic transfer from 'consent' to 'handkerchief' may have something to do with the Ottoman sultan's custom of choosing one woman in a harem by giving her a handkerchief.

(Sarajevo)

En la mano tiene una rizá estrechada en el punyo i lo d’afuera komo una roza al derredor de la mano.

1998, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Mil i un Djoha, Matilda Koén-Sarano, page 14:

She has in hand a handkerchief crumpled in her fist and like a rose around the hand from outside.


bivir

ביב׳יר (Hebrew)
bivir (infinitive)
biviendo (gerund)
bivido (participle)
bivo (first-person indicative present singular)
bives (indicative present second-person singular)
bive (indicative present singular)
bivimos (indicative plural present)
bivísh (indicative plural present)
biven (indicative plural present)
biviya (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
biviyas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
biviya (imperfect indicative singular)
biviyamos (imperfect indicative plural)
biviyash (imperfect indicative plural)
biviyan (imperfect indicative plural)
biví (first-person indicative preterite singular)
bivites (indicative preterite second-person singular)
bivyó (indicative preterite singular)
bivió (indicative preterite singular)
bivimos (indicative plural preterite)
bivitesh (indicative plural preterite)
bivyeron (indicative plural preterite)
bivieron (indicative plural preterite)
biviré (first-person future indicative singular)
bivirás (future indicative second-person singular)
bivirá (future indicative singular)
biviremos (future indicative plural)
bivirásh (future indicative plural)
bivirán (future indicative plural)
biviriya (conditional first-person indicative singular)
biviriyas (conditional indicative second-person singular)
biviriya (conditional indicative singular)
biviriyamos (conditional indicative plural)
biviriyash (conditional indicative plural)
biviriyan (conditional indicative plural)
biva (first-person present singular subjunctive)
bivas (present second-person singular subjunctive)
biva (present singular subjunctive)
bivamos (plural present subjunctive)
bivásh (plural present subjunctive)
bivan (plural present subjunctive)
bivyera (first-person past singular subjunctive)
biviera (first-person past singular subjunctive)
bivyeras (past second-person singular subjunctive)
bivieras (past second-person singular subjunctive)
bivyera (past singular subjunctive)
biviera (past singular subjunctive)
bivyéramos (past plural subjunctive)
biviéramos (past plural subjunctive)
bivyerash (past plural subjunctive)
bivierash (past plural subjunctive)
bivyeran (past plural subjunctive)
bivieran (past plural subjunctive)
biva (imperative)
biva (imperative second-person)
biva (imperative singular)
bivamos (imperative plural)
bivad (imperative plural)
bivan (imperative plural)
no biva (imperative)
no bivas (imperative second-person)
no biva (imperative singular)
no bivamos (imperative plural)
no bivásh (imperative plural)
no bivan (imperative plural)
bevir (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish bevir, bivir, vevir, viver, inherited from Latin vīvere (“to live”). Cognate of Spanish vivir.

Coordinate term: morar

Asi biva Antonio ke se yamava de este modo.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 151:

Long live Antonio, who was called from this world.


parasha

From Hebrew פָּרָשָׁה (pārāšâ, “portion”).


Coordinate term: ¡ !

¿קי מי אפרובﬞיגﬞארה לה פרימוגﬞיניטורה?

1886, אלכסנדר טומסון, אלה תולדות בני ישראל: קיירי דיזיר סיינטו אי דייז אי סייטי קואינטוס, טיראדוס דיל ארבעה ועשרים אי די לאס איסטוריאס אנטיגואס : פארה איל אוזו די לוס ישראליטאס פרוטיסטאנטיס, דפוס א"ה בוייאג'יאן, pages 44–45:

What will make use of the precedence for me?

encloses a question in Judezmo; equivalent in English and many other languages: ?


Coordinate term: ¿ ?

¡O, mi Dyo, lyo so muy desmazalozo!

1978, María del Rosario Martínez González, editor, Un marido entre dos mužeres: novela anónima en ladino, Ameller Ediciones, →ISBN, page 32:

encloses an exclamation in Judezmo; equivalent in English and many other languages: !


chapín

lad-noun

chapín m (Hebrew spelling ג׳אפין, plural chapines)

ג׳אפין (Hebrew)
chapines (plural)
chapin (alternative)

Me disho: “Si tinías un kordoniko de chapín, pudías adovar la chanta’.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 434:

[Somebody] told me, ‘If you had a shoelace, you could fix the bag.’

Levantí los brazos komo para kitar la ropa ke se balanceaba en la kayentor del sol. Me agarraron de los talones desnudos de los pieses i juntaron mis partesikas en una sábana. De los talones desnudos me agarraron, de los pieses sin chapines, eshkapados, komo los de mi padre.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 197:

I lifted my arms so as to remove my clothes that were swinging in the sun’s heat. They covered me from my feet’s naked heels and they bound my little parts together in a bedsheet. They completely covered my shoeless feet’s naked heels, like my father’s.

(Izmir, footwear) shoe (a protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)


mandamiento

mandamiento m (Hebrew spelling מאנדאמיינטו)

מאנדאמיינטו (Hebrew)
mandamyento (alternative)

En kuanto a los muzulmanos, segun el mandamiento de sus relijion, eyos konsideran todos sus bienes komo patrimonio del Dio.

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 13:

As for the Muslims, following their faith’s commandment, they consider all of their goods as God’s property.

Kualos son los tredje? Tredje ermanos kon Dina, dodje ermanos kon Yosef, onze ermanos sin Yosef, diez mandamientos de la Ley, mueve mezes de la prenyada, ocho dias de mila, siete dias kon el shabat, sesh dias de la semana […]

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 51:

What are the thirteen? Thirteen siblings with Dina, twelve with Yosef, eleven without him, ten commandments, nine months of pregnancy, eight days for circumcision, seven with Shabbat, [and] six days of the week.


kasteyano

head

kasteyano m sg (f sg kasteyana, m pl kasteyanos, f pl kasteyanas)


detrás de

דיטראס די (Hebrew)
detras de (alternative)


yir

Aspera un poko, bwen djidyó. Es virgwensa de yirse de noche. Amanyana de manyana, aydes. Aséntese en su lugar.

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, Voices from Jewish Salonika, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 592:

Wait a minute, [my] good Jew. It’s a shame to leave at night. The day after tomorrow, go forth. May one settle in one’s place.


ekstravagante

La Kokuhike — Siempre se vestia ekstravagante.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 19:

"E, siguro!" pensi yo, "es este fostán ekstravagante ke me mití!…"

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 146:

‘Oh, right!’ I thought. ‘It’s this weird dress that I wore…!’


fonksionar

(intransitive) to function (work; execute)


yeno

From Old Spanish lleno and lenno (“full”), from Latin plēnum (“full”).


atorgar

אטורגאר (Hebrew)
atorgar (infinitive)
aver atorgado (infinitive multiword-construction)
atorgando (gerund)
aviendo atorgado (gerund multiword-construction)
atorgado (masculine participle past singular)
atorgados (masculine participle past plural)
atorgada (feminine participle past singular)
atorgadas (feminine participle past plural)
atorgo (first-person indicative present singular)
atorgas (indicative present second-person singular)
atorga (indicative present singular third-person)
atorgamos (first-person indicative plural present)
atorgáx (indicative plural present second-person)
atorgan (indicative plural present third-person)
atorgava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
atorgavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
atorgava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
atorgávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
atorgavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
atorgavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
atorgí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
atorgates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
atorgó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
atorgimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
atorgatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
atorgaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
atorgaré (first-person future indicative singular)
atorgarás (future indicative second-person singular)
atorgará (future indicative singular third-person)
atorgaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
atorgaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
atorgarán (future indicative plural third-person)
atorgaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
atorgarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
atorgaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
atorgaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
atorgaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
atorgarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
atorge (first-person present singular subjunctive)
atorges (present second-person singular subjunctive)
atorge (present singular subjunctive third-person)
atorgemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
atorgéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
atorgen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
atorgara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
atorgaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
atorgara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
atorgáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
atorgarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
atorgaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
atorga (imperative second-person singular)
atorgad (imperative plural second-person)
no atorges (imperative negative second-person singular)
no atorgéx (imperative negative plural second-person)
atrogar (alternative)
otorgar (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish atorgar, from Early Medieval Latin auctōricāre.

Ombre, levanta i esforsate por atorgar tus pecados
Roga al dio con abatision por ke ti seian perdonados
Por ke tus actos escondidos, delantre de el son aclarados
I todos los biervos ke tu pronunsias delantre de el son examinados.
Segun apeiada el padre a sus ijos seiamos de el apeiadados

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 5:

Man, arise and force yourself to admit your sins. Beg God exhaustingly so that they be forgiven, for your hidden acts are obvious to him, and all of the words that you pronounce before him are examined. As the father rescues his children may we be among the rescued.


dokumentar

dokumentar (infinitive)
aver dokumentado (infinitive multiword-construction)
dokumentando (gerund)
aviendo dokumentado (gerund multiword-construction)
dokumentado (masculine participle past singular)
dokumentados (masculine participle past plural)
dokumentada (feminine participle past singular)
dokumentadas (feminine participle past plural)
dokumento (first-person indicative present singular)
dokumentas (indicative present second-person singular)
dokumenta (indicative present singular third-person)
dokumentamos (first-person indicative plural present)
dokumentáx (indicative plural present second-person)
dokumentan (indicative plural present third-person)
dokumentava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
dokumentavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
dokumentava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
dokumentávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
dokumentavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
dokumentavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
dokumentí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
dokumentates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
dokumentó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
dokumentimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
dokumentatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
dokumentaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
dokumentaré (first-person future indicative singular)
dokumentarás (future indicative second-person singular)
dokumentará (future indicative singular third-person)
dokumentaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
dokumentaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
dokumentarán (future indicative plural third-person)
dokumentaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
dokumentarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
dokumentaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
dokumentaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
dokumentaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
dokumentarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
dokumente (first-person present singular subjunctive)
dokumentes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
dokumente (present singular subjunctive third-person)
dokumentemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
dokumentéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
dokumenten (plural present subjunctive third-person)
dokumentara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
dokumentaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
dokumentara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
dokumentáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
dokumentarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
dokumentaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
dokumenta (imperative second-person singular)
dokumentad (imperative plural second-person)
no dokumentes (imperative negative second-person singular)
no dokumentéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

Para arebivir el Ladino en el siekolo 21 es menester profitar de lo dijital para dokumentar i ambezar esta lingua en perikolo de ekstinsyon.

In order to revive Ladino in the twenty first century it is necessary to take advantage of digital technology to document and learn this endangered language.


kontar

קונטאר (Hebrew)
kontar (infinitive)
aver kontado (infinitive multiword-construction)
kontando (gerund)
aviendo kontado (gerund multiword-construction)
kontado (masculine participle past singular)
kontados (masculine participle past plural)
kontada (feminine participle past singular)
kontadas (feminine participle past plural)
konto (first-person indicative present singular)
kontas (indicative present second-person singular)
konta (indicative present singular third-person)
kontamos (first-person indicative plural present)
kontáx (indicative plural present second-person)
kontan (indicative plural present third-person)
kontava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
kontavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
kontava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
kontávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
kontavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
kontavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
kontí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
kontates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
kontó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
kontimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
kontatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
kontaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
kontaré (first-person future indicative singular)
kontarás (future indicative second-person singular)
kontará (future indicative singular third-person)
kontaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
kontaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
kontarán (future indicative plural third-person)
kontaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
kontarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
kontaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
kontaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
kontaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
kontarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
konte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
kontes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
konte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
kontemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
kontéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
konten (plural present subjunctive third-person)
kontara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
kontaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
kontara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
kontáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
kontarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
kontaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
konta (imperative second-person singular)
kontad (imperative plural second-person)
no kontes (imperative negative second-person singular)
no kontéx (imperative negative plural second-person)
contar (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish contar, conptar (“to count”).

Lo ke konto aki es verdad.

1992, Los Muestros, number 7, R. Capuia, page 58:

[…] i kontavan la moneda ke re[ko]jia kada mes, i korava 20 por 100 por su lazerya.

(Can we date this quote?), Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, translated by Isaac Jerusalmi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 235:

and they were counting the money that was accumulating monthly, and they collected 20 by 100 for their work.

Si tu enemigo es una ormiga, kontalo komo un gameyo.

If your foe is an ant, consider him a camel.

(transitive) to consider (think of something as)


arvol

Se yamo este livro Tsits Refua porke al modo de el tsits es una nada legabe de el arvol, kon todo tiene en su fuersa i es kolel un arvol entero kon sus flores i frutos, ansi este livro aunke es una nada legabe de la hohma de la dotoria, kon todo, meldandolo i entendiendolo bien se topa ke es kolel toda la hohma.

1989, Aki Yerushalayim, volume 10, number 40, page 30:

This book is called Calico Treatment because calico’s way is nothing compared to the tree’s, with everything in its power, and an entire tree is a collection with flowers and fruits, thus while this book is nothing compared to doctorhood’s wisdom, despite everything, reading it and understanding it well it is found to be a collection of all wisdom.


komparizon

Borrowed from French comparison. Compare the inherited doublet komparasion, from Old Spanish comparaçion and comparacion.

en komparizon a

en komparizon kon


es nada

don’t mention it, it’s nothing, you’re welcome


korrekto

Sus ultimas letras ya kontienen un espanyol bastante mas korrekto ke las primeras¹: […]

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 45:

[Somebody’s] latest letters now have Spanish that is much more correct than the first.


kapasidad

From Old Spanish capaçidad (“capacity”).

kapachedad (alternative)
kapachitad (alternative)


boltar

בולטאר (Hebrew)
boltar (infinitive)
aver boltado (infinitive multiword-construction)
boltando (gerund)
aviendo boltado (gerund multiword-construction)
boltado (masculine participle past singular)
boltados (masculine participle past plural)
boltada (feminine participle past singular)
boltadas (feminine participle past plural)
bolto (first-person indicative present singular)
boltas (indicative present second-person singular)
bolta (indicative present singular third-person)
boltamos (first-person indicative plural present)
boltáx (indicative plural present second-person)
boltan (indicative plural present third-person)
boltava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
boltavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
boltava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
boltávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
boltavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
boltavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
boltí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
boltates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
boltó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
boltimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
boltatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
boltaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
boltaré (first-person future indicative singular)
boltarás (future indicative second-person singular)
boltará (future indicative singular third-person)
boltaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
boltaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
boltarán (future indicative plural third-person)
boltaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
boltarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
boltaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
boltaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
boltaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
boltarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
bolte (first-person present singular subjunctive)
boltes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
bolte (present singular subjunctive third-person)
boltemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
boltéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
bolten (plural present subjunctive third-person)
boltara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
boltaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
boltara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
boltáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
boltarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
boltaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
bolta (imperative second-person singular)
boltad (imperative plural second-person)
no boltes (imperative negative second-person singular)
no boltéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

Kuando boltó el halvadjí i avrió la kasha para pagar parás, no topó mas nada adientro.

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס, נור, page 207:

When the candyman turned around and opened the cash register to pay in Ottoman coins, there was no longer anything inside.


shena

From Old Spanish scena, sçena (“scene”).


elektrisita

lad-noun

איליקטריסיטה

elektrisitá f (Hebrew spelling איליקטריסיטה)

elektrisitá (canonical feminine)
איליקטריסיטה (Hebrew)
eletrisitá (alternative)

From French électricité (“electricity”). (The -a was probably added to make it more consistent with other feminine nouns.)


esklavo

איסקלאב׳ו (Hebrew)


idolatría

idolatría f (Hebrew spelling אידולאטריאה)

אידולאטריאה (Hebrew)

Una de eyas es ke ay en la fotografía un poko de idolatría, koza ke es defendida sigún el Djudaízmo.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 364:

One of these is that there is a little bit of idolatry in photography, something that is prohibited according to Judaism.


Yosef

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Joseph


בפֿרט

der

Hebrew בִּפְרָט


אבאשאדי

(Bitola, Dupnitsa, Pristina) Hebrew spelling of abaxada


אבאשאדי

head

אבאשאדי f sg


halis

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خالص (halis), from Arabic خَالِص (ḵāliṣ).

bor+

Mi padre tambyen favlava el ladino ma konoseva de mas el turko, el franses i el grego, ke favlava sin el mizmo aksento ke teniyamos, los otros, i pareseva grego halis.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 9:

My father also spoke Judezmo but he knew more Turkish, French and Greek; he spoke without the same accent that we ourselves had, and he seemed like [an] authentic Greek.


halis

manyana viene halis


alay

I topi un alay de DVDs ande la mas grande partida son reportajes o DVD’s ande se konta o se avla de syertos sujetos sovre los Djudios i spesialmente sovre los Djudios turkanos.

2020 April 8, Silvyo OVADYA, “Estando en Kaza”, in Şalom:

And I found an array of DVDs which for the most part are either reports or DVDs where certain subjects about Jews are told or talked about, especially about Turkish Jews.


mayorana

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual


פריסונה

Inherited from Old Spanish presona, from Latin persōna.

פירסונה פירסונה#Ladino


sikia

Esto viendo ke no tienes ni ambre ni sikia; tienes mujer i madre ke te keren i te kudian.

1979, Kamelia Shahar, “La verdadera felisidad”, in Aki Yerushalayim, number 1, page 5:

I'm seeing that you have neither hunger nor thirst; you have a wife and a mother who love you and care for you.


yidich

Kon grande sorpreza, Maurice ambezo tambyen ke todo syendo djidyos no favlavan el espanyol, ma un dialekto aleman: el yidich.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 110:

Maurice was also very surprised to learn that not all Jews Speak Judezmo, but [some] a German dialect: Yiddish.


vinir

Me demando: de ke no azesh este konserto en Estanbol. Es mas kolay de ir i vinir.

2019 May 22, Silvio & Eyal Ovadya, “Un evenimyento, una dicha/un proverbo”, in Şalom:

She asked me: why don't you do this concert in Istanbul. It's easier to go and come.


konsiderar

קונסידיראר (Hebrew)
konsiderar (infinitive)
aver konsiderado (infinitive multiword-construction)
konsiderando (gerund)
aviendo konsiderado (gerund multiword-construction)
konsiderado (masculine participle past singular)
konsiderados (masculine participle past plural)
konsiderada (feminine participle past singular)
konsideradas (feminine participle past plural)
konsidero (first-person indicative present singular)
konsideras (indicative present second-person singular)
konsidera (indicative present singular third-person)
konsideramos (first-person indicative plural present)
konsideráx (indicative plural present second-person)
konsideran (indicative plural present third-person)
konsiderava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
konsideravas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
konsiderava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
konsiderávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
konsideravax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
konsideravan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
konsiderí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
konsiderates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
konsideró (indicative preterite singular third-person)
konsiderimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
konsideratex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
konsideraron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
konsideraré (first-person future indicative singular)
konsiderarás (future indicative second-person singular)
konsiderará (future indicative singular third-person)
konsideraremos (first-person future indicative plural)
konsideraréx (future indicative plural second-person)
konsiderarán (future indicative plural third-person)
konsideraría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
konsiderarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
konsideraría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
konsideraríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
konsideraríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
konsiderarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
konsidere (first-person present singular subjunctive)
konsideres (present second-person singular subjunctive)
konsidere (present singular subjunctive third-person)
konsideremos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
konsideréx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
konsideren (plural present subjunctive third-person)
konsiderara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
konsideraras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
konsiderara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
konsideráramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
konsiderarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
konsideraran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
konsidera (imperative second-person singular)
konsiderad (imperative plural second-person)
no konsideres (imperative negative second-person singular)
no konsideréx (imperative negative plural second-person)

Borrowed from Latin cōnsīderāre. Cognate with English consider.

En kuanto a los muzulmanos, segun el mandamiento de sus relijion, eyos konsideran todos sus bienes komo patrimonio del Dio.

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 13:

As for the Muslims, following their faith’s commandment, they consider all of their goods as God’s property.


bienaventurado

lad-noun

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו

bienaventurado m (Hebrew spelling ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו, plural bienaventurados)

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו (Hebrew)
bienaventurados (plural)
byenaventurádo (alternative)

A hybrid of byén, bien (“good”) + ventura (“fortune”) from Old Spanish, likely via a Vulgar Latin *bonaventuratus (“fortunate”), from Latin bonus, bona (“good”) + Latin ventūra (“things to come”).


bienaventurado

lad-noun

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו איל בﬞארון קי נון אנדה אין קונסיזﬞו די מאלוס.

Bienaventurado el varon que non anda en consejo de malos.

Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked.


bienaventurados

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס

bienaventurados m pl (Hebrew spelling ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס)

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס (Hebrew)


aderesso

El aderesso de Yosef es la caleja Arlózorov 12, Tel Aviv.

Yosef's address is 12 Arlozorov Street, Tel Aviv.


aderesso

first-person singular present indicative of aderessar


ensiklopedya

Dezde el 1910 sinyor Rozanes fue el korespondiente por el Oriente de la grande ensiklopedya djudia Otser Yisrael⁶³⁴ de Nyu York.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 364:

Since 1910 Mister Rozanes was the Eastern corespondent for New York's great Jewish encyclopedia Otser Yisrael.


manya

From Portuguese manha, from Old Galician-Portuguese manna, from Vulgar Latin *mania (“manual skill or ability”), from Latin manus (“hand”).


serka

Inherited from Old Spanish çerca (“around”).

inh+

Es solo en 1574 ke la Inkizision avrio un tribunal permanente en Santiago, i pasaron mas de 30 anyos asta ke su influensa fuera konsentida en Ribadavia, i esto solo despues ke un malsin de entre los konversos de la sivdad, Jeronimo Bautista de Mena, denunsio a serka 14.

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 14:

It is only in 1574 that the Inquisition opened a permanent tribunal in Santiago, and more than thirty years passed until its influenced was consented to in Ribadavia, and this only after an informer from among the converts in the city of Jeronimo Bautista de Mena denounced about fourteen [people].


kayente

Inherited from Latin calentem, singular accusative of calēns, present participle of caleō.

kaynte (alternative)
kaente (alternative)


merçed

lad-noun

merçed f (Hebrew spelling מירצידﬞ, plural merçedes)

מירצידﬞ (Hebrew)
merçedes (plural)
merced (alternative dialectal modern)

From Old Spanish merced, from Latin mercēdem, accusative singular of mercēs (“pay, wage, reward”), from Latin merx (“merchandise”).

לוארי טו נומברי פור טו מירצידﬞ אי פור טו בﬞירדאדﬞ.

Loare tu nombre por tu merçed y por tu verdad.

I shall praise your name for your mercy and for your truth.


merçedes

merçedes f pl (Hebrew spelling מירצידﬞיס)

מירצידﬞיס (Hebrew)


deven

third-person plural present indicative of dever


kuarenta

קוארינטה (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish quaraenta, from Latin quadrāgintā, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥(d)ḱomt (“four-ten”).

Akel tiempo la skarlatina era una malatia muy perikoloza, i se pensava ke el malo kalia izolado por kuarenta dias.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 94:

[At] that time scarlet fever was a pretty dangerous illness, and one thought that the afflicted had to be isolated for forty days.


sinkuenta

סינקואינטה (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish cinquaenta, from Latin cīnquāgintā, from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷēḱomt, from earlier *pénkʷedḱomt (“five-ten”).

Akséptalos, mizmo si ya los uyites sinkuenta vezes, komo uza dizir el nono.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 36:

Accept them, even if you already heard them fifty times, as grandfather tends to say.


putana

From Old Spanish putana, from Old French putain.


mozotros

lad-pron

mozotros m pl (Hebrew spelling מוזוטרוס)

מוזוטרוס (Hebrew)
mosotros (alternative)
muzotrus (alternative)
nosotros (alternative)
nozotros (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish nosotros (“we”).

inh+

Coordinate term: mozotras

Mozotros dagidiyávamos las tabelas a una o a dos a kad'uno, según el número de los partisipantes, i la mamá mos divizava las avikas o los botones ke sirvían de parás.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 100:

We distributed the signs by one or two each, according to the number of participants, and the mother divided for us the white beans or buttons that worked as currency.


mélej

Borrowed from Hebrew מלך (mélekh), from Proto-Semitic *malk-.


Mulud

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic مولود (mūlūd).

bor+

(Haketia) Mawlid (holiday celebrating the birth of Mohammed)


tocẖabim

Borrowed from Hebrew תושבים (toshavim), plural of תושב (toshav, “native”).

(Haketia) native Moroccan Jews (as opposed to those expelled from Spain)


presona

El Dyo mos dyo este día i lo apartó por desbarazar muestro meoyo de todo modo de intereso de presonas, i aplikar sus eĉas i konoser sus grandes maraƀías kuryozas, i akodrarmos ke en sex días kreó el Dyo este mundo i lo renoƀó de la nada.

1979, Isaac ben Michael Badhav, Ana María Riaño López, Un tratado sefardí de moral, Ameller, →ISBN, page 94:

God gave us this day and put it aside by clearing our mind of every person's way of interest, and doing His work and learning His great and wonderful miracles, and we shall remember that He created this world in six days and restored it ex nihilo.


estranyo

איסטראנייו (Hebrew)
estraño (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish estranno, from Latin extrāneus,

Era estranyo ke la kaye paralela yamava "segundo molo", kuando la oriya de la mar no puede tener ke uno solo.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 50:

It was strange how the parallel path was called [the] ‘second beach’ when the shore can only have one [beach].

Una noche tuvo un suenyo estranyo.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 62:

I ansina, kon estos agradavles pensamientos, i el estranyo plazer ke tomava de eyos, devista empeso a azer lo ke dezeava.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 214:

And thus, with these lovely thoughts, and the strange pleasure that [somebody] took from them, [they] immediately started to do what [they] wished.


estranyo

first-person singular present indicative of estranyar

third-person singular preterite indicative of estranyar


deske

Inherited from Old Spanish desque, from des + que, from Late Latin dē ex and Early Medieval Latin quid (“that”), respectively. Cognate with Spanish desque.

[…] i no digas: fulano es fermozo i yo no, ke bien saves ke deske el ombre es muerto, ke no se kuenta salvo por animalia muerta.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68-72, page 59:

And don't say: so and so is handsome and I'm not; you know well that since the man is dead that he doesn't count except as a dead animal.


almorzo

Inherited from Old Spanish almorzo (“breakfast”).

inh+

Es klaro ke los Djidios, ke eran bienfazidores i djenerozos, non tuvieron mucho gusto de ver ke un haham suyo biviera komo un perro, tiniendo solamente loke ya komyo - i munka saviendo loke sera su almorzo vinien.

1999, Eliezer Papo, La megila de Saray, E. Papo, page 44:

It is clear that the Jews, who were benevolent and generous, haven’t much pleasure in seeing one of their rabbis living like a dog, having only that which he already ate — and never knowing that which shall be his next square meal.


almorzo

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first-person singular present indicative of almorzar

third-person singular preterite indicative of almorzar


kosmopolito

lad-noun

kosmopolito m (Hebrew spelling קוסמופוליטו, plural kosmopolitos)

קוסמופוליטו (Hebrew)
kosmopolitos (plural)
cosmopolito (alternative)

From Latin cosmopolītēs borrowed from Koine Greek κοσμοπολίτης (kosmopolítēs, “citizen of the world”), from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “world”) + πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”).

bor

κοσμοπολίτης


אגראדאר

אגראדאר from Catalan Agradar (canonical)
agradar (romanization)


akoruto

From a (“at, to”) + possibly Old Galician curuto (“top or highest point of any standing object or structure”).

der

akorruto (alternative)
akuruto (alternative)
alkuruto (alternative)

Akoruto, kuando afita una trajediya, munchos bushkan a deskuvrir un lado positivo.

2019 February 27, Metin DELEVİ, “El Samuray ke salvo a miles de djudios de los nazis”, in Şalom:

Often, when a tragedy takes place, many people try to discover a positive side.


deskuvrir

Often, when a tragedy takes place, many people seek to discover a positive side.


meshkita

meshkitas (plural)
mishkita (alternative)

From Andalusian Arabic [Term?], from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid, “mosque”, literally “place of prostration”), from the verbal root سَجَدَ (sajada, “to prostrate, bow down”). Cognate with Spanish mezquita.

3 semanas antes, en el 15 de Marso egzaktamente, afito un atako kontra dos meshkitas en Christchurch.

2019 April 3, Metin DELEVİ, “Djudios en Christchurch i en la Mueva Zelanda?”, in Şalom:

3 weeks ago, on the 15th of March to be exact, there was an attack on two mosques in Christchurch.


Sefaradi

Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi,
i pensar en las sivdades ke deshi,
las glories del pasado ke pedri,
i la soledad en ke me kayi

2000, David Altabé, “Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi”, in Esther Benbassa, editor, Les Sépharades en littérature, page 164:

There is something sad in being Sephardi
and thinking of the cities that I've abandoned,
the glories of the past that I've lost
and the loneliness into which I've fallen


פינסאר

From Old Spanish pensar, borrowed from Latin pēnsāre.


Estanbol

Me demando: de ke no azesh este konserto en Estanbol. Es mas kolay de ir i vinir.

She asked me: why don't you do this concert in Istanbul. It's easier to go and come.


sarsicha

Borrowed from Italian salsiccia, from Late Latin [farta] salsīcia, ultimately from Latin salsus (“salted”).

Todos los ke vinieron pudieron komer ligado d’Andirne (Edirne Ciğeri) mizmo kasher, albondigas (koftes) i sarsicha (sucuk) kon salatas.

All who came cold eat Edirne liver even kosher, meatballs (koftas) and sausage (soudjouk) with salads.


mozotras

מוזוטראס (Hebrew)


vozotros

בֿוזוטרוס (Hebrew)


vozotras

בֿוזוטראס (Hebrew)


eyos

head

eyos m pl (feminine eyas, Hebrew spelling אילייוס)

eyas (feminine)
אילייוס (Hebrew)
ellos (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish ellos (“they”), from Latin illōs, accusative masculine plural of ille. Doublet of los.

inh+

I kedava la kaza entera kon todos los byenes en poder de estos guardyanes komo si fueran eyos mizmos los patrones, i eran sirvidos en gaste de el patron de la kaza.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 188:

And these caretakers, as if they themselves were the owners, kept custody over the entire house and all of its belongings, and the [real] homeowner served them by [paying] the expenses.

I despues me fui a un balo, ma eyos
me metieron endjuntos kon perros i gatos
i ainda mis pasos eran mizurados i kontados.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 53:

And then I went to a ball, but they put me together with dogs and cats, and yet my steps were measured and counted.

Siguro le vinieron algunos chuilis ke manyana parten i intonses tenia ke fazer fecho kon eyos agora.

1999, Eliezer Papo, La megila de Saray, E. Papo, page 106:

Surely some peasants that leave tomorrow came thereto, so [somebody] has to deal with them now.


ayudash

second-person plural present indicative of ayudar

polite second-person singular present indicative of ayudar


moendiz

From Turkish mühendis, from Arabic مُهَنْدِس (muhandis).


mansevo

Inherited from Old Spanish mancebo, Vulgar Latin *mancipius (“slave”), from Latin mancipium (“purchase property”), also "a bought slave".


hanum

From Ottoman Turkish خانم (hanım, “lady”). Cognate with Turkish hanım.

sweety, dear (term of endearment for a woman)


mushteri

From Ottoman Turkish مشتری, from Arabic مُشْتَرٍ (muštarin).


de vez en kuando

De vez en kuando demandash si ay dos Estanboles diferentes.

2018 September 26, Silvyo Ovadya, “Sovre la ekspozisyon “Contemporary İstanbul””, in Shalom:

Now and then you ask if there are two different Istanbuls.

(idiomatic) occasionally; once in a while; now and then; from time to time


yerrar

From Old Spanish yerrar, a variant of errar, from Latin errāre. Related to English error.


aldikera

lad-noun

aldikera f (Hebrew spelling אלדיקירה, plural aldikeras)

Inherited from Old Spanish faldica, diminutive of falda.

La yave tengo en la aldikera, tomala i avre la puerta.

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 182:

I have the key in the pocket; I take it out and open the door.

(clothing) pocket (a bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items)


faldukera

From Old Spanish falduca, diminutive of falda.


adelantre

אדילאנטרי (Hebrew)
adelante (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish adelante, adelant (“forward”).

I ala onze [6 AM], ala turka, vinyeron en grande akompanyamyento delos askyeres turkos adelantre i detras, kompanyas de soldados de kada nasyon ke fueron dezbarkados delas naves, djunto todos los viche-amirales i komandantes, i ofisyeres de kada nave ke se topo en muestro porto.

19th Century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, translated by Isaac Jerusalmi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 276:

And at eleven [6 A.M.], a great escort of Turkish soldiers came ahead of and behind the Turk; companies of soldiers from every nation disembarked from the ships, together with all the vice-admirals, commanders, and officers from every ship found in our port.

forward; in front; further on; onward; toward the front (ahead)


findjan

פ׳ינג׳אן (Hebrew)
fildjan (alternative)
findján (alternative)
fuldjan (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فنجان (fincan), from Arabic فِنْجَان (finjān), from Persian پنگان.

bor+

cup (a concave vessel for drinking, usually made of opaque material (as opposed to a glass) and with a handle)

Despues me ordenava mi madre de kozer el kave i para la Tia Estambolia avia ke meterle un poko kaymak en el findjan, koza ke no se azia para ningun otro.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 509:

Then my mother told me to cook the coffee, and for Aunt Estambolia I had to put a little whipped cream in the coffee cup, something that would not be done for anybody else.

small, usually porcelain cup traditionally for Turkish coffee


siedra

A la derecha, el vise prezidente, Moshe Shaul
A la siedra, el direktor de la Autoridad, Aaron Koen.

1997, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 56–58, page 6:

To the right, vice-president Moshe Shaul. To the left, the authority’s director, Aaron Koen.


prezidente

prezidénte (canonical)
פריזידינטי (Hebrew)
presidénte (alternative)


קון

From Old Spanish con (“with”), Latin cum (“with”).


vedre

ב׳ידרי (Hebrew)
vardi (alternative)
verde (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish verde, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis.

Mas londje, komo un kulevro vedre entrando en la agua, se via el "Kutchuk Karaburnu" ke los djidyos yamavan la Punta Tchika (o Petit cap en franses).

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 52:

Further away, like a green snake entering the water, the ‘Kutchuk Karaburnu’ was seen, which the Jews were calling the Little Tip (or petit cap in French).


keruvim

From Hebrew קרובים, plural of קרוב (“relative”).

bor

Hebrew קרובים


echar lashon

Las aktividades ke mas muncho se dezvelopavan eran echar lashon, komer un bokado i baylar.

2011 4, Hernan Rodriguez Fisse, “Muzika i Bayles en Kaza en la Mansevez Djudia de Santiago, Chile”, in Aki Yerushalayim, number 89:

The activities that most often arose were chatting, eating a bite and dancing.


sadik

lad-noun

sadik m (Hebrew spelling צדיק, plural sadikim)


צדיקים

צדיק צדיק#Ladino


sadikero

lad-adj

sadikero (feminine sadikera, masculine plural sadikeros, feminine plural sadikeras)

sadikera (feminine)
sadikeros (masculine plural)
sadikeras (feminine plural)


sadikero

lad-noun

sadikero m (plural sadikeros, feminine sadikera, feminine plural sadikeras)

sadikeros (plural)
sadikera (feminine)
sadikeras (feminine plural)


djustidad

ג׳ושטידאד (Hebrew)


porke

Inherited from Old Spanish porque (“for”).

inh+

O porke el ke se empresto el livro se olvida, o porke se averguensa de darlo atras manchado o arazgado, o mizmo porke, segun akontese munchas vezes, el es un bibliofil para el kual es difisil de separarse de un livro ke le paso por la mano, el fakto es ke por una o otra de estas razones i munchas mas, los livros emprestados a otros raramente tornan a sus lugar, en la biblioteka del ken los empresto.

2001, Aki Yerushalayim, volume 22, page 82:

Either because he who lent the book forgot it, or because it shames one to give it back stained or torn, or even because, as it happens many times, he is a bibliophile for whom it is difficult to separate himself from a book that spent time in his hand, the fact is that for one or another of these reasons and many more, books lent to others rarely return to their place: in the library of who borrowed them.


מואיסטרוס

מואיסטרו מואיסטרו#Ladino

plural of מואיסטרו


bivez

bivo + -ez. Comparable to Spanish viveza


djudeo-espanyol

head

djudeo-espanyol m (Latin spelling, feminine singular djudeo-espanyola, masculine plural djudeo-espanyoles, feminine plural djudeo-espanyolas)

djudeo-espanyola (feminine singular)
djudeo-espanyoles (masculine plural)
djudeo-espanyolas (feminine plural)

La gramatika djudeo-espanyola no es iguala a la del kastilyano, ma es verdad ke se la asemeja.

Judeo-Spanish grammar isn't exactly the same as that of Castilian, but it's true that it is similar.


djudeo-espanyol

Judeo-Spanish (the language also known as Ladino)


אזיר

From Old Spanish fazer, from Latin facere. Compare Spanish hacer, Portuguese fazer.


סיב׳דאד

lad-noun

סיב׳דאד f (Latin spelling sivdad, plural סיב׳דאדיס)

sivdad (romanization)
סיב׳דאדיס (plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish cibdat, from Latin cīvitātem. Compare Modern Spanish ciudad.


tresladar

From Latin trānslātus, perfect passive participle of trānsferō (“I transfer, convey”). Though it is cognate with terms used in the modern-day forms of languages including French translater and Spanish trasladar, it retains the meaning of older cognates like Middle French translater.


mortaldad

From Old Spanish mortaldat, from Latin mortālitās (“mortality”).


modrer

From Latin mordēre, from Proto-Italic *mordeō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)merd- (“to bite, sting”).


kirendj

Borrowed from Turkish kireç, from Ottoman Turkish كیرچ (kireç).


jenitor

lad-noun

jenitor m (Hebrew spelling זﬞיניטור, plural jenitores or ז׳יניטוריס)

זﬞיניטור (Hebrew)
jenitores (plural)
ז׳יניטוריס (plural)


jenitores

jenitores m pl (Hebrew spelling זﬞיניטוריס)

זﬞיניטוריס (Hebrew)


ladronisyo

ladronisyo m (Hebrew spelling לאדרוניסייו, plural ladronisyos)

לאדרוניסייו (Hebrew)
ladronisyos (plural)


mersi muncho

Las analizes salyeron limpyas! Mersi muncho!

1998, Molière, translated by Leon Sason, El ipohondriozo, Logos, →ISBN, page 19:

The examinations went cleanly! Thank you very much!

thank you so much
thank you so much#English


jyovintud

jyovintud f (Hebrew spelling גﬞובﬞינטוד)

גﬞובﬞינטוד (Hebrew)

From Italian gioventù, apocope of Old Italian gioventude, ultimately from Latin juventūs, juventūtis.


גﬞובﬞינטוד

From Italian gioventù, apocope of Old Italian gioventude, ultimately from Latin iuventūs.


זﬞיניטור

זﬞיניטור m (Latin spelling jenitor, plural זﬞיניטוריס or jenitores)

jenitor (romanization)
זﬞיניטוריס (plural)
jenitores (plural)


זﬞיניטוריס

זﬞיניטוריס m pl (Latin spelling jenitores)

זﬞיניטור זﬞיניטור#Ladino

plural of זﬞיניטור


לואר

Inherited from Old Spanish loar, laudar, from Latin laudāre.

אי טי לוארי קון לה ארפה ,דייו מי דייו.

And I shall praise you upon the harp, God, my God.


מירסידﬞ

מירסידﬞ f (Latin spelling merced, plural מירסידﬞיס)

merced (romanization)
מירסידﬞיס (plural)
מירצידﬞ (alternative dialectal traditional)

From Old Spanish merced, from Latin mercēdem, accusative singular of mercēs (“pay, wage, reward”), from Latin merx (“merchandise”).

לוארי טו נומברי פור טו מירסידﬞ אי פור טו בﬞירדאדﬞ.

Loare tu nombre por tu merced y por tu verdad.

I shall praise your name for your mercy and for your truth.


מירסידﬞיס

מירסידﬞיס f pl (Latin spelling mercedes)

מירסידﬞ מירסידﬞ#Ladino


בﬞירדאדﬞ

בﬞירדאדﬞ f (Latin spelling verdad, plural בﬞירדאדﬞיס)

verdad (romanization)
בﬞירדאדﬞיס (plural)


בﬞירדאדﬞיס

בﬞירדאדﬞיס f pl (Latin spelling verdades)

בﬞירדאדﬞ בﬞירדאדﬞ#Ladino

plural of בﬞירדאדﬞ


arrepushar

אריפושאר (Hebrew)
arrepushar (infinitive)
aver arrepushado (infinitive multiword-construction)
arrepushando (gerund)
aviendo arrepushado (gerund multiword-construction)
arrepushado (masculine participle past singular)
arrepushados (masculine participle past plural)
arrepushada (feminine participle past singular)
arrepushadas (feminine participle past plural)
arrepusho (first-person indicative present singular)
arrepushas (indicative present second-person singular)
arrepusha (indicative present singular third-person)
arrepushamos (first-person indicative plural present)
arrepusháx (indicative plural present second-person)
arrepushan (indicative plural present third-person)
arrepushava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
arrepushavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
arrepushava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
arrepushávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
arrepushavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
arrepushavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
arrepushí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
arrepushates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
arrepushó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
arrepushimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
arrepushatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
arrepusharon (indicative plural preterite third-person)
arrepusharé (first-person future indicative singular)
arrepusharás (future indicative second-person singular)
arrepushará (future indicative singular third-person)
arrepusharemos (first-person future indicative plural)
arrepusharéx (future indicative plural second-person)
arrepusharán (future indicative plural third-person)
arrepusharía (conditional first-person indicative singular)
arrepusharías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
arrepusharía (conditional indicative singular third-person)
arrepusharíamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
arrepusharíax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
arrepusharían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
arrepushe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
arrepushes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
arrepushe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
arrepushemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
arrepushéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
arrepushen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
arrepushara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
arrepusharas (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
arrepushara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
arrepusháramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
arrepusharax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
arrepusharan (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
arrepusha (imperative second-person singular)
arrepushad (imperative plural second-person)
no arrepushes (imperative negative second-person singular)
no arrepushéx (imperative negative plural second-person)
arrempushar (alternative)
rempushar (alternative)
repushar (alternative)

De vista lo aferraron i lo arrepusharon delantre del haham bashí.

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס: אגדות וסיפורי מוסר מן המסורת היהודית־ספרדית, נור, page 187:

They immediately caught him and pushed him in front of the chief rabbi.


nesesario

ניסיסארייו (Hebrew)
necesario (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish neçesario, neçessario, from Latin necessārius.

Loeb adjusta ke antes de la Ekspulsion, la komunidad djudia de Estambol era relativamente chika, no tenia ainda el prestijio nesesario para ser konsultada por los djudios de Espanya, i el espanyol no era ainda avlado por sus miembros.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 14:

Loeb adds that before the expulsion, Istanbul’s Jewish community was relatively small, still lacked the necessary prestige to be consulted by Spain’s Jews, and Spanish remained unspoken by its members.


מילדאר

From Medieval Latin meletō, from Ancient Greek μελετάω (meletáō). Cognate with Catalan maldar (“to make an effort”).


מילדאר

ceremonial reading or religious study; particularly reading of memorial prayer for the dead

מילדאדו

a religious ceremony for the soul of the dead


ארפה

ארפה f (Latin spelling arpa, plural ארפאס)

From Late Latin harpa, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ.

אי טי לוארי קון לה ארפה ,דייו מי דייו.


ארפאס

ארפה ארפה#Ladino


ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו m (Latin spelling byenaventurádo, plural ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס)

byenaventurádo (romanization)
ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס (plural)
bienaventurado (alternative)

byén (“good”) + ventura (“fortune”) from Old Spanish, from Latin bonus, bona (“good”) + Latin ventūra (“things to come”).


ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו איל בﬞארון קי נון אנדה אין קונסיזﬞו די מאלוס.

Byenaventurádo el varon que non anda en consejo de malos.

Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked.


ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס m pl (Latin spelling byenaventurádos)

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו#Ladino

plural of ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו


byenaventurádo

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו

byenaventurádo m (Hebrew spelling ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו, plural byenaventurádos)

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו (Hebrew)
byenaventurádos (plural)


byenaventurádo

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו


byenaventurádos

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס

byenaventurádos m pl (Hebrew spelling ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס)

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס (Hebrew)


byén

byén m (Hebrew spelling ביין, plural byénes)

From Old Spanish from Latin bene (“well”), from Latin bonus (“good”).


בייניס

ביין ביין#Ladino


קונסיזﬞו

קונסיזﬞו m (Latin spelling konsejo, plural קונסיזﬞוס)

konsejo (romanization)
קונסיזﬞוס (plural)

Byenaventurádo el varon que non anda en konsejo de malos.


konsejo

konsejo m (Hebrew spelling קונסיזﬞו, plural konsejos)


קונסיזﬞוס

קונסיזﬞוס m pl (Latin spelling konsejos)

קונסיזﬞו קונסיזﬞו#Ladino

plural of קונסיזﬞו


konsejos

konsejos m pl (Hebrew spelling קונסיזﬞוס)

קונסיזﬞוס (Hebrew)


lonso

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *orssos
Latin ursus
Ladino lonso
Inherited from Latin ursus, from Proto-Italic *orssos. Compare Aragonese onso.


maale

maále (canonical feminine)
male (alternative)
mallé (alternative)
mahala (alternative)

From Ottoman Turkish محله (mahalle), from Arabic محلَّة (maḥalla).

La maale de los djudyos se topa en el sentro de la sivdad vyeja, toda la kaleja golyendo al miskle de flores, las plasas kon las pisinas, los arvoles de portokales kon los kortijos finos avyertos para ke los turistos vijiten.

2019, Şeli GAON, “Viyaje A Andalusia - 2”, in Şalom:

The Jewish district is found in the center of the old city, the whole street smelling of a mixture of flowers, the plazas with the swimming pools, the orange trees with the fine open patios for the tourists to visit.


מירצידﬞ

lad-noun

מירצידﬞ f (Latin spelling merçed, plural מירצידﬞיס)

merçed (romanization)
מירצידﬞיס (plural)
מירסידﬞ (alternative dialectal modern)

לוארי טו נומברי פור טו מירצידﬞ אי פור טו בﬞירדאדﬞ.


מירצידﬞיס

מירצידﬞיס f pl (Latin spelling merçedes)

מירצידﬞ מירצידﬞ#Ladino


atakanar

atakanar (infinitive)
aver atakanado (infinitive multiword-construction)
atakanando (gerund)
aviendo atakanado (gerund multiword-construction)
atakanado (masculine participle past singular)
atakanados (masculine participle past plural)
atakanada (feminine participle past singular)
atakanadas (feminine participle past plural)
atakano (first-person indicative present singular)
atakanas (indicative present second-person singular)
atakana (indicative present singular third-person)
atakanamos (first-person indicative plural present)
atakanáx (indicative plural present second-person)
atakanan (indicative plural present third-person)
atakanava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
atakanavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
atakanava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
atakanávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
atakanavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
atakanavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
atakaní (first-person indicative preterite singular)
atakanates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
atakanó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
atakanimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
atakanatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
atakanaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
atakanaré (first-person future indicative singular)
atakanarás (future indicative second-person singular)
atakanará (future indicative singular third-person)
atakanaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
atakanaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
atakanarán (future indicative plural third-person)
atakanaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
atakanarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
atakanaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
atakanaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
atakanaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
atakanarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
atakane (first-person present singular subjunctive)
atakanes (present second-person singular subjunctive)
atakane (present singular subjunctive third-person)
atakanemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
atakanéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
atakanen (plural present subjunctive third-person)
atakanara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
atakanaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
atakanara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
atakanáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
atakanarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
atakanaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
atakana (imperative second-person singular)
atakanad (imperative plural second-person)
no atakanes (imperative negative second-person singular)
no atakanéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

From a- + Hebrew תָּקַן (takán) + -ar, or from a clipping of Hebrew לְתַקֵּן (letakén), infinitive of תִּקֵּן (tikén), with assimilation of e to a.

El haragan si ve en su kaza ke ay de atakanar alguna koza i lo desha de atakanarlo kavza munchos danyos a si i a su famiya.

2018 August 8, Rav Yeuda ADONİ, “Ree”, in Şalom:

The lazy person who sees in their house that something has to be repaired and fails to repair it causes much harm to themselves and their family.

Asentada esto delantre de un panorama sin igual, ampesando de la Torre “Kız Kulesi”, indo al Ponte de Bosfor ke se atakano por la noche, kon kolyes de rubi, safir o esmeraldas.

2014 August 27, Coya DELEVİ, “ESTAMBOL... (Sivdad de Mil Fachas)”, in Şalom:

I'm sitting in front of a panorama without equal, beginning with the tower "Kız Kulesi", going to the Bosfor Bridge which has dressed itself up for the night with necklaces of ruby, sapphire or emeralds.


Rosh Ashana

Rosh Ashaná m (Hebrew spelling ראש השנה)

Rosh Ashaná (canonical masculine)
ראש השנה (Hebrew)
Roshaná (alternative)
Rushana (alternative)

bor+

רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה


מאדֿרוגאדֿא

lad-noun

מאדֿרוגאדֿאס

מאדֿרוגאדֿא f (Latin spelling madrugada, plural מאדֿרוגאדֿאס)

madrugada (romanization)
מאדֿרוגאדֿאס (plural)

אירה אונה די אקילייאס מאדֿרוגאדֿאס פֿריסקאס אי טיירנאס אין איל מיס די סיפטימברי, אינטרי ראש השנה אי יום כפור.

1910, Ben Yitzhak Saserdoti, Refael i Miriam, page 3:

It was one of those fresh, tender early mornings in the month of September, between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

Era una de akelyas maḏrugaḏas freskas i tiernas en el mes de septembre, entre Rosh Ashana i Yom Kippur.


אירה

לה פאז קי אירה אונה סולומברה, לה קי [...] לוס פואיב״לאס די לה טיירה איסטאב״אן פירסוגיינדו, איס אאורה אונה ריאלידאד

1920 January 13, “פאס אין טודוס לוס קונטינטיס סאלב"ו אין איל די לה אמיריקה”, in La epoca de New York:

The peace that was a dream, the [one] that … the peoples of the earth were pursuing, is now a reality

La paz ke era una solombra, la ke … los puevlos de la tera estavan persugendo, es aora una realidad

third-person singular imperfect indicative of סיר

first-person singular imperfect indicative of סיר


מילייארדה

מילייארדה f (Latin spelling milyarda, plural מילייארדאס)

milyarda (romanization)
מילייארדאס (plural)

מילייארדאס די איסטרילייאס רילומבראבֿאן איינדה אין איל פירמאמינטו

Billions of stars were still shining in the firmament

Milyardas de estrelyas relumbravan ainda en el firmamento


milyarda

milyarda f (Hebrew spelling מילייארדה, plural milyardas)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian milijarda, from French milliard.

Mas de una milyarda de personas estan ambyertas.

2014, Şeli GAON, “La solidaridad”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

More than a billion people are going hungry.


פירמאמינטו

פירמאמינטו m (Latin spelling firmamento)


לאס

head

לאס (singular לה, masculine לוס, Latin spelling las)

לה (singular)
לוס (masculine)
las (romanization)


לוס

לוס (singular איל, feminine לאס, Latin spelling los)

איל (singular)
לאס (feminine)
los (romanization)


galut

galút (canonical masculine)
גלות (Hebrew)


guzma

guzmá (canonical feminine)
גזמה (Hebrew)

From Hebrew גוזמה (“exaggeration, hyperbole”).


guzmadji

a person prone to exaggeration or embellishment


aserkar

Morphologically from serka (“near”). Compare Spanish acercar and Portuguese acercar.

Eliau Anavi ke lo estava mirando d'enfrente se aserko de el i le disho: Dime ombre, deke estas de negra umor ?

1979, Kamelia Shahar, “La verdadera felisidad”, in Aki Yerushalayim, number 1:

The prophet Elijah, who was watching him from in front, approached him and said: Tell me, man, why are you in a bad mood?


kritikar

Kritikar Israel no es el antisemitizmo.

2018 February 7, Dora Niyego, “El Antisemitizmo De Oy”, in Şalom:


antisemitizmo

lad-noun

אנטיסימיטיזמו

antisemitizmo m (Hebrew spelling אנטיסימיטיזמו)

אנטיסימיטיזמו (Hebrew)
antisemitismo (alternative)

Kritikar Israel no es el antisemitizmo.


prejudizio

El antisemitizmo es un prejudizio, komo un virus.

Antisemitism is a prejudice, like a virus.


aktivizmo

Ija de imigrantes djudios rusos ke aviyan sufriyido del aborresimyento i del antisemitizmo, se sintyo ke el aktivizmo sovre este sujeto era su dever.

2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom:

The daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants who had suffered from hatred and from antisemitism, she felt that activism on this subject was her duty.


sovre

Inherited from Old Spanish sobre, from Latin super (“above”), from Proto-Italic *super, from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”).

inh

i a las nuves enkomendare de no azer liover sovre eya luvia

And I shall command the clouds to make no rain over whom it rains.

Ricoje tus ovejas ke leones la sparzieron
Vierte tu ravia sovre los ke mal izieron
A tu santuario eios destruieron
No deşaron ni membrasiones
Termine la aniada i sus maldisiones.

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 8:

Gather your sheep that lions have scattered, pour your anger over those who do evil; they have destroyed your sanctuary, not even leaving memories. End the year and its curses.


sovre

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first-person singular present subjunctive of sovrar

third-person singular present subjunctive of sovrar


rasizmo

Devemos de saver ke el antisemitizmo es una de las formas ekstremas del rasizmo ma ay otras formas de rasizmo i devemos de luchar kon todo modo forma del rasizmo.

We must know that antisemitism is one of the extreme forms of racism, but there are other forms of racism and we must fight every form of racism.


seriozo

La madre de mi esfuegra Lea, teniya un ermano muncho mas grande de eya ke se yamava Izak. Izak era el mas grande de los 5 ermanos i era muy seriozo.

2019 November 27, Eliz Gatenyo, “Las Lentejas Del Onkl Izak”, in Şalom:

My mother-in-law's mother Lea had a brother much bigger than her whose name was Izak. Izak was the biggest of the three brothers and was very serious.


קוסמופוליטו

lad-noun

קוסמופוליטוס

קוסמופוליטו m (Latin spelling kosmopolito, plural קוסמופוליטוס)

kosmopolito (romanization)
קוסמופוליטוס (plural)
cosmopolito (alternative)

From Latin cosmopolītēs borrowed from Koine Greek κοσμοπολίτης (kosmopolítēs, “citizen of the world”), from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “world”) + πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”).

bor

κοσμοπολίτης


kosmopolitos

lad-noun

קוסמופוליטוס

kosmopolitos m pl (Hebrew spelling קוסמופוליטוס)

קוסמופוליטוס (Hebrew)
cosmopolitos (alternative)


קוסמופוליטוס

קוסמופוליטוס m pl (Latin spelling kosmopolitos)

קוסמופוליטו קוסמופוליטו#Ladino

plural of קוסמופוליטו


cosmopolito

cosmopolito m (Hebrew spelling קוסמופוליטו, plural cosmopolitos)

קוסמופוליטו (Hebrew)
cosmopolitos (plural)


cosmopolitos

קוסמופוליטוס

cosmopolitos m pl (Hebrew spelling קוסמופוליטוס)

קוסמופוליטוס (Hebrew)


מואיבﬞו

head

מואיבﬞו (Latin spelling muevo, feminine singular מואיבﬞה, masculine plural מואיבﬞוס, feminine plural מואיבﬞאס)

muevo (romanization)
מואיבﬞה (feminine singular)
מואיבﬞוס (masculine plural)
מואיבﬞאס (feminine plural)


hanuka

Hanuka linda sta aki; ocho kandelas para mi.

Beautiful Hanukkah is here, so eight candles for me.


Frutas

En esta fiesta de Las Frutas i siempre, "mos muchiguaremos komo granos de agranada" i kada uno biva “debasho de su vinya i su igera.”

2008 January 9, Rachel Amado BORTNICK, “Frutas i Plantas komo Metaforas en Djudeo-Espanyol”, in Şalom:

In this festival of Tu BiShvat and always, "we will multiply like grains of pomegranate" and each one lives "under their vine and their fig tree.


rubisa

lad-noun

rubisa f (Hebrew spelling רוביסה, plural rubisas)

(Judaism) A hakham's wife; a Sephardic rebbetzin.


pishar

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *pīssiāre, of echoic origin.

onomatopoeic

echoic


Olokosto

Un milion i medio de kreaturas fueron asasinados en el Olokosto.

2018 January 17, Dora NİYEGO, “Nunka Te Olvides”, in Şalom:

One and a half million children were murdered in the Holocaust.


sovrebivir

Pokas viktimas pudieron sovrebivir los atakes.


akodrar

With metathesis from Vulgar Latin *accordāre.

Komo dishimos: Estamos akodrando, i nunka mas.

2019 February 13, Metin DELEVİ, “Por ke los nombres de los djudios estan gravados en los trotuares de toda la Evropa?”, in Şalom:

As we said: we remember, and never again.


avtaha

bor

Hebrew אַבְטָחָה


djudaizmo

Malgrado su simplisidad, el Meam Loez es un livro bazado sovre una rika i serioze dokumentasion, ke inkluye a todas las prinsipales ovras de baza del djudaizmo.

1979 July, “Meam Lopez: Ensiklopedia Relijioza del Djudaizmo Sefaradi”, in Aki Yerushalayim, archived from the original on 2020-12-03, page 20:

Despite its simplicity, the Meam Loez is a book based on a rich and serious documentation, which includes all the basic working principles of Judaism.


arkaizmo

La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XV ma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy.

1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, in Aki Yerushalayim, archived from the original on 2020-12-03, page 11:

The first of these is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th century but which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.


aborreser

From Old Spanish [Term?], from Latin abhorrēscere. Compare Spanish aborrecer.


kamisa

From Old Spanish camisa, from Late Latin camisia, from Transalpine Gaulish, of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją (“shirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱam- (“cover, clothes”).


achakes de

achákes de (canonical)
אג׳אקיס די (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish achaque, from Arabic شَكَا (šakā, “to complain”).

Los amigos i los parientes a pareser, avian eksplikado a muestra mama ke, achakes del numero chiko de famiyas de la komunitad djudiya de Pashabahche, no se puedia asperar de tener un ayudo de eya, i ke kalia ke mirara de bushkar otrun remedio.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 414:

The friends and relatives in position, they had explained to our mother that, because of the small number of families from Pashabahche’s Jewish community, one could have no hope of getting help from it, and that one shall need to search for one more remedy.

Una konversa se avia mizmo salvado de la muerte, en afirmando ke, achakes de su fervor katoliko avia mojado su rida kon esta sangre.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 7:

One convert had saved herself from death by declaring that, because of her Catholic fervour, she had washed her hands of this blood.


yelado

From Latin gelatus via Old Spanish [Term?]. Compare Spanish helado (“icy, frozen”).


puerko

lad-noun

puerko m (Hebrew spelling פואירקו, plural puerkos, feminine puerka)

פואירקו (Hebrew)
puerkos (plural)
puerka (feminine)
puerco (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish puerco (“swine”), from Latin porcus, from Proto-Italic *porkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (“young swine; young pig”).

inh

Durante la gerra, kuando estávamos en Mombaroccio, el papá refuzó siempre de komer karne de puerko i de bestias muertas.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 78:

During the war, when we were in Mombaroccio, dad always refused to eat meat from pigs and dead animals.

(countable) pig (any of several mammalian species of the genus Sus or the family Suidae, having cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus)


suzio

From Latin sūcidus (“juicy; oily, greasy”), from sūcus (“juice, sap”) whence English succinite (“Baltic amber”). Compare Spanish sucio.


איגזירסיטו

lad-noun

איגזירסיטו m (Latin spelling exército, plural איגזירסיטוס)

exército (romanization)
איגזירסיטוס (plural)


איגזירסיטוס

איגזירסיטוס m pl (Latin spelling exércitos)

איגזירסיטו איגזירסיטו#Ladino

plural of איגזירסיטו (“army, host, multitude of soldiers”)


פﬞאמברי

פﬞאמברי f (Latin spelling fambre, plural פﬞאמבריס)

fambre (romanization)
פﬞאמבריס (plural)
אמברי (alternative)

From Old Spanish fambre, famne (compare Spanish hambre), from Vulgar Latin *fam(i)ne(m), from Latin famēs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰH- (“to disappear”).


פﬞאמבריס

פﬞאמברי פﬞאמברי#Ladino


גירוש

lad-noun

גירוש m (Latin spelling gerush, plural גירושים)


travajo

travajo m (Hebrew spelling טראבﬞאזﬞו, plural travajos)

טראבﬞאזﬞו (Hebrew)
travajos (plural)
trabajo (alternative)

Deverbal from travajar (“to work”), from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre (“to torment”), from Late Latin tripālium (“torture device”). Compare Spanish trabajo < trabajar.

travajador

טראבﬞאזﬞאדﬞור

en todo travajo ay provecho

exhausting exertion, hard work, labor, toil, travail, weariness


travajos

travajos m pl (Hebrew spelling טראבﬞאזﬞוס)

טראבﬞאזﬞוס (Hebrew)

plural of travajo (“work, job; creation, making, production; labor, effort; toil, weariness, travail”)


טראבﬞאזﬞו

טראבﬞאזﬞו m (Latin spelling travajo, plural טראבﬞאזﬞוס)

travajo (romanization)
טראבﬞאזﬞוס (plural)
טראבאזﬞו (alternative)


טראבﬞאזﬞוס

טראבﬞאזﬞוס m pl (Latin spelling travajos)

טרא‧בﬞא‧זﬞוס

טראבﬞאזﬞו טראבﬞאזﬞו#Ladino

plural of טראבﬞאזﬞו (“work, job; creation, making, production; labor, effort; toil, weariness, travail”)


alavar

Inherited from Old Spanish alabar, from Late Latin alapārī (“to boast”), which is probably related to Latin alapa (“box on the ear, blow with the hand”).


puevlo

Inherited from Old Spanish pueblo, from Latin populus (“people; nation”), from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”).

Coordinate term: djente

En konkluzión podemos dizir ke através las enfluensas kulinarias i linguístikas resiprokas entre las varias kuzinas en el tiempo, es posible rekonstruir las fazas de istoria de los puevlos.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 74:

In conclusion, we can say that through the reciprocal linguistic and culinary influences between the various cuisines of the time, it is possible to reconstruct the peoples’ phases of history.


asemejante

Es muy emportante porke los Djudios no keren mas bivir un evenimyento asemejante.

2020 January 29, Silvyo OVADYA, “Una ekspozisyon en el Museo Djudio sovre el Olokosto”, in Şalom:

It's very important because the Jews don't want to live through a similar event again.


muzher

lad-noun

muzher f (Hebrew spelling מוּז׳יר, plural mujeres)


perikolo

From Italian pericolo, ultimately borrowed from Latin perīculum.


kavayo

Inherited from Old Spanish cavallo, cavalo, caballo, from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), of disputed origin.

Coordinate term: yegua

Mi padre sigió el konsejo del kadí i en un punto saltó sovre el kavayo, le dio una kon el zingí , i el kavayo se empesó a bolar.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 47:

My father followed the Qadi's advice and at one point he left by horse; [somebody] gave him one with the stirrup, and the horse started to flee.


kézo

From Old Spanish queso, from Latin cāseus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kwat- (“to ferment”).


איספאנייה

Inherited from Old Spanish Espanna (“Iberian Peninsula”), from Latin Hispānia, possibly derived from the Punic אי שפן (I-Shaphan, “coast of hyraxes”).


almodrote

Derived from Arabic المَطْرُوق (al-maṭrūq, “hammered”), also related to Latin moretum

Turkish Sephardic gratin-like casserole of eggs, vegetables, and cheese, most commonly featuring eggplant.


validja

From Italian valigia, from Late Latin valisia. Related to French valise and Spanish valija, though it is unclear if either term was borrowed from the other.


mansevez

youth (stage of life following childhood)


agranada

From Old Spanish granada, from Latin (mālum) granātum (literally “apple with many seeds”).

In this festival of Tu BiShvat and always, "we will multiply like grains of pomegranate" and each one lives "under their vine and their fig tree."


חראגֿ

tax (specifically a tax paid by non-Muslims [reaya] in the Ottoman Empire)


מיראר

From Old Spanish mirar, from Vulgar Latin *mīrāre, from the deponent Latin mīrārī, present active infinitive of mīror (“admire, marvel at”). Compare Spanish mirar, Portuguese mirar (“to aim”), dated French mirer (“to stare”).


marafet

מאראפ׳יט (Hebrew)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish معرفت (marifet, marıfet), from Arabic مَعْرِفَة (maʕrifa).

bor+

Ke me estas dizyendo, ijika ? Ke marafet muevo es esto ?

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 17:

What are you saying, little girl? What new marvel is this?

marvel; wonder (skillfully crafted beauty)


kazado

Tanto yora la bien kazada ke la bivda se keda kayada.

The well married cries so much that the widow stays quiet.


shukur

From Ottoman Turkish شكر (şükür, “gratitude, thankfulness”), from Arabic شُكْر (šukr, “thankfulness”).

bor

shukyur (alternative)
šučur (alternative)


baraber

Borrowed from Turkish beraber, from Ottoman Turkish برابر (beraber).


lehli

From Ottoman Turkish لهلی (lehli, “Polish”), from له (leh, “Poland”), from Lech, the legendary founder of Poland.

Mösyö Ehrlich era lehli (ashkenazi) komo ya se entiende de su nombre.

2020 November 25, Eliz Gatenyo, “Ko-Abitasyones”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

Mösyö Ehrlich was Ashki (Ashkenazi), as is already understood from his name.


hazino

From Old Spanish hacino, from Arabic حزين.


oido

אואידו (Hebrew)
oído (alternative)
oydo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish oido (“ear; hearing”).

inh+

Kuando uno avla, serra la boka, y avre los oidos.

1996, Hank Halio, Ladino Reveries: Tales of the Sephardic Experience in America, Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, →ISBN, page 29:

When someone speaks, close your mouth, and open your ears.

BOHOR: Bweno, no las sintyeras tu.
DJAMILA: Ke me tapara los oidos?

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, Voices from Jewish Salonika, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 383:

BOHOR: Well, you yourself won’t hear them.
DJAMILA: What will block my ears?

(countable) ear (the organ of hearing, consisting of the pinna or auricle, auditory canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes and cochlea)

[…] kon el ayudo de los organos en la kara del ombre: el ojo — organo de vizion, la oreja para el oido, la nariz para el guezmo i la alguenga para la savor.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 64:

With the help of man’s face’s organs: the eye — organ of seeing, the ear for hearing, the nose for smelling and the tongue for tasting.


oido

No savia kualo azer porke nunka avia oido nada de esto.

2000, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 62–64, page 56:

[Somebody] knew not what to do since [somebody] had never heard of this.


orijinariamente

From orijinario + -mente. Compare Spanish originariamente.


merko

first-person singular present indicative of merkar


merkas

second-person singular present indicative of merkar


merkamos

first-person plural present indicative of merkar


merkash

second-person plural present indicative of merkar


merkan

third-person plural present indicative of merkar


adjusto

first-person singular present indicative of adjustar


adjustas

second-person singular present indicative of adjustar


adjusta

third-person singular present indicative of adjustar


adjustamos

first-person plural present indicative of adjustar


adjustash

second-person plural present indicative of adjustar


adjustan

third-person plural present indicative of adjustar


keremos

first-person plural present indicative of kerer


keresh

second-person plural present indicative of kerer


mierkoles

aljhad · lunes · martes · mierkoles · djueves · viernes · shabat [edit]


malorozamente

From French malheureusement, adverbial form of French malheur, from Old French eür, from Latin augurium.


mupak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish (Turkish mutfak), originally from Arabic مَطْبَخ (maṭbaḵ, “kitchen”).


yurek

From Ottoman Turkish یورك (yürek), from Old Turkic [script needed] (yürek) , from Proto-Turkic *yürek, *yür- (“heart; courage”).
May be related to Proto-Mongolic *ǰirüken (“heart”). Cognate with Turkish yürek, Azerbaijani ürək.


guerko

From Old Spanish huerco (“Hell; the Devil”), from Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”). Cognate with English ogre and orc.

inh

uerko (alternative)
huerco (alternative)


orozamente

From French heureusement, adverbial form of French heur, from Old French eür, from Latin augurium.


marjina

From Italian margine, from Latin marginem, accusative of margō, from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”).


meana

From Turkish meyhane, from Persian میخانه (meyxâne), compound of Persian می (may, “wine”) and Persian خانه (xâne, “house”).


palikar

From Greek παλικάρι (palikári), from Koine Greek παλικάριν (palikárin), diminutive of Ancient Greek πάλλαξ (pállax).

strapping young man, especially one who is strong and brave


pekyi

From Turkish peki, contraction of pekiyi, from pek (“very”) + iyi (“good”).

okay, that's fine, it's settled, it's as you say, agreed


kuturu

From Greek κουτουρού (koutouroú), from Turkish götürü.

a pile of mismatched, less valued objects, of overripe fruit, of mixed leftovers


kuantunke

From Italian quantunque, either from Latin quantuscumque (“however much”), or from a contraction of the locution quantum umquam (literally “how much ever”).


ashkenazi

Mösyö Ehrlich was Lehli (Ashkenazi), as is already understood from his name.


אונה

head

אונה (Latin spelling una, plural אונאס, masculine און)

una (romanization)
אונאס (plural)
און (masculine)

From Old Spanish una, from Latin ūna, feminine of ūnus (“one”), from Old Latin oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”).


fasaria

From Greek φασαρία (fasaría, “unwanted noise”) from Italian fesseria (“stupidity, nonsense”).

a fuss, to-do, agitation, bustle (making a great show of the difficulty of the work one is undertaking)


korodear

From Greek κορόιδο (koróido, “sucker”), from earlier word Greek κουρόγιδο (kourógido), itself from κουρεύω (kourévo) + γίδι (gídi); probably in reference to Byzantine soldiers who were shaved with a goat's shears.

to make fun of, to laugh at someone's expense


djudia

Dezde el 1910 sinyor Rozanes fue el korespondiente por el Oriente de la grande ensiklopedya djudia Otser Yisrael⁶³⁴ de Nyu York.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 364:

Since 1910 Mister Rozanes was the Eastern corespondent for New York's great Jewish encyclopedia Otser Yisrael.


djudia

In la vintana di una kaza si aparo una djudia mirandu ken esta abašandu la kaleža.

1994, Isak Papo, Collection of Sephardim stories from Sarajevo, Logos, →ISBN, page 76:

In one house’s window a Jewess appeared, watching who is going down the street.


meldo

first-person singular present indicative of meldar

third-person singular preterite indicative of meldar


mintirozo

lad-adj

mintirozo (feminine mintiroza, plural mintirozos, feminine plural mintirozas)

mintiroza (feminine)
mintirozos (plural)
mintirozas (feminine plural)
mentirozo (alternative)


mintirozo

lad-noun

mintirozo m (plural mintirozos, feminine mintiroza)

mintirozos (plural)
mintiroza (feminine)
mentirozo (alternative)


mentirozo

lad-adj

mentirozo (feminine mentiroza, plural mentirozos, feminine plural mentirozas)

mentiroza (feminine)
mentirozos (plural)
mentirozas (feminine plural)
mintirozo (alternative)


mentirozo

lad-noun

mentirozo (plural mentirozos, feminine mentiroza)

mentirozos (plural)
mentiroza (feminine)
mintirozo (alternative)


metites

second-person singular preterite indicative of meter


metitesh

second-person plural preterite indicative of meter


estuvites

second-person singular preterite indicative of estar


ofisial

Ultimately from Latin officiālis. Compare Spanish oficial.


izites

second-person singular preterite indicative of azer


izimos

first-person plural preterite indicative of azer


izitesh

second-person plural preterite indicative of azer


izieron

third-person plural preterite indicative of azer


dishi

first-person singular preterite indicative of dezir


kijo

third-person singular preterite indicative of kerer


avlan

third-person plural present indicative of avlar


dishites

second-person singular preterite indicative of dezir


disho

third-person singular preterite indicative of dezir


dishimos

first-person plural preterite indicative of dezir


dishitesh

second-person plural preterite indicative of dezir


disheron

third-person plural preterite indicative of dezir


kijites

second-person singular preterite indicative of kerer


kijimos

first-person plural preterite indicative of kerer


kijitesh

second-person plural preterite indicative of kerer


kijieron

third-person plural preterite indicative of kerer


meldava

first-person singular imperfect indicative of meldar

third-person singular imperfect indicative of meldar


meldavas

second-person singular imperfect indicative of meldar


meldavamos

first-person plural imperfect indicative of meldar


meldavash

second-person plural imperfect indicative of meldar


meldavan

third-person plural imperfect indicative of meldar


luvia

Inherited from Old Spanish lluvia, luvia (“rain”). Cognate with Spanish lluvia.

La luvia kaye
I en mis ojos se moja mi alma
Kayendo vó tambyén en la melankolía
De rekodrar momentos sin bivir
Sonrizas sin riyir
Lugares onde nunka me vó topar.

2008, Matilda Gini Barnatán, Viviana Rajel Barnatán, Darío Meta Barnatán, La ija i la madre komo la unya i la karne, Ibersaf Editores, →ISBN, page 47:

The rain falls, and in my eyes my soul becomes wet, I am falling as well into melancholia, from remembering moments without living, smiles without laughing, places where I am never going to find myself.

(meteorology) rain (condensed water falling from a cloud)


luvia

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

third-person singular present indicative of luviar


entonses

אינטונסיס (Hebrew)
entonces (alternative)
estonses (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish entonce, entonces, from Latin in & *tunce, the latter an archaic form of tunc (“then”). Compare Portuguese então and Romanian atunci.

Penso entonses a dar la notisya a sus paryentes i a su suegro Hayim Pacha.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 3:

She then thought to give notice to her relatives and her brother-in-law Hayim Pacha.

(demonstrative) then; next; thereupon (at that time or at that point)


kuatro

קואטרו (Hebrew)
cuatro (alternative)
quatro (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish quatro, from Latin quattŭor (“four”), from Proto-Italic *kʷettwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. Cognates include English four, French quatre, Greek τέσσερις (tésseris), & Yiddish פֿיר (fir).

Ensupitó a las kuatro de demanyana se alevanta Aharon, se viste i aze para salir.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 266:

Suddenly Aharon wakes up at four in the morning, and he gets dressed to leave.


abazur

Borrowed from Greek αμπαζούρ (ampazoúr), from French abat-jour.

abajur (alternative)
abajú (alternative)
abadjú (alternative)


kualo

head

kualo m (Hebrew spelling קואלו, plural kualos, feminine kuala, feminine plural kualas)

קואלו (Hebrew)
kualos (plural)
kuala (feminine)
kualas (feminine plural)
cual (alternative)
cualo (alternative)
kual (alternative)
qual (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish qual, from Latin quālis (“which”).

Coordinate term: ke

Le demandí kon la bava a la boka: "Um!… I de kualo es?"
"De pera", me disho Viktoria.
Yo al gostí… Estava maraviyoza.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 145:

I asked her mouthwateringly: ‘Mmm…! What is this?’
‘Pear’, Viktoria told me. To me, the taste was… wonderful.

Se torno el haham dezesperado a su kaza i komio kon muncha ansia, despues de lo kualo metio su vestido blanko de Yom Kippur i entro al kal.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 60:

The sagely yet desperate rabbi returned home and ate anxiously, after which he put on white clothes for Yom Kippur and entered the synagogue.

Aki me meto a kantar yo
al tanyer de la gitara,
kualo al ombre ke lo apanya
un penserio ingradesido,
bilbiliko solitario
kon el dizir se konsola.

2013, Myriam Moscona, Jacobo Sefamí with Martín Fierro, José Hernández, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 222:

Here I get involved in singing
by playing the guitar,
which in the man holding it
[there’s] a growing concern;
lonely little kid
who consoles himself by speaking.


kolcha

Aki Yerushalayim orthography spelling of colcha


קולג׳ה

lad-noun

קולג׳ה f (plural קולג׳אס)


קולג׳אס

head

קולג׳אס f pl

קולג׳ה קולג׳ה#Ladino


kolche

Aki Yerushalayim spelling of colcha used in Kosovo, North Macedonia, Old Yishuv of Jerusalem, West Bulgaria and Ruse.


koltche

French orthography spelling of colcha used in Kosovo, North Macedonia, Old Yishuv of Jerusalem, West Bulgaria and Ruse.


komida

Te agrada el paíz i la komida?

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 349:


shudula

From Arabic شُهُودُ اللّٰه (šuhūdu allāh, literally “witness(es) of God”). It is the name of a type of Sufi dervish.

der

شُهُودُ اللّٰه

shudulla (alternative)
shudullah (alternative)

Un loko, un bovo i un shudula.

A crazy one, a stupid one and a worthless person.


kombidado

קומבידאדו (Hebrew)
konbidado (alternative)

[…] i sigun regla de syempre en salyendo la irade de su maestad emperyal, el sinyor ke fue eskojido sera kombidado ofisyalmente de parte de la sublima puerta por okupar el mansub de haham bachilik.

1986, Haïm-Vidal Sephiha, Le judéo-espagnol, Entente, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 175:

And following the rule of always leaving one's imperial majesty's decree, the gentleman who was selected shall be officially invited from the upper entrance for holding the rank of Jewish elder.


kombidado

lad-noun

kombidado m or f (Hebrew spelling קומבידאדו)

La kostumbre kyeria ke la famiya del novyo i sus kombidados, fueran servidos por los de la novya.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 47:

Tradition dictated that the groom's family and their guests be served by the bride's.