namorado

namorado m (Hebrew spelling נאמוראדו, feminine namorada)

נאמוראדו (Hebrew)
namorada (feminine)
enamorado (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish enamorado (“beloved”). Cognate with Spanish enamorado.

inh+

Entri en mar de el amor, vidi dos namorados atado uno kon otro eran muy aunados.

2006, Dr. Avner Perez, Agua Fuego i Amor: Gazeles i Kantes Mistikos de los Sabetaistas, מכון מעלה אדומים לתיוד השפה הספניולית ותרבותה בשיתוף עם מרכז משה דוד גאון לתרבות הלאדינו, →ISBN:

I entered the sea of love, [and] I saw two lovers bound together; they were deeply united.


bostezo

El bostezo va de boka en boka, komo el vino de bota en bota.

2006, Beki Albukrek Bardavid, Fani Aelion Ender, De punta pie a kavesa, Gözlem, page 39:

Yawning travels from mouth to mouth, as wine from wineskin to wineskin.


anyada

La anyada de mi nasimiento


ayre

From Old Spanish ayre, from Latin āer, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).


epístola

Borrowed from Late Latin epistola, from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ).


suegra

lad-noun

suegra f (Hebrew spelling סואיגרה, masculine suegro)

Inherited from Old Spanish suegra (“mother-in-law”), from Late Latin socra, from Latin socrus, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂, whence German Schwieger/schwieger-.

inh+

Dayinda no ay un dia ke me kazi, i ya me ize madre, suegra i nona!

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 19:

There still isn’t a day [when] I married, and I already became a mother, mother-in-law, and grandmother!


hakim

From Arabic حَاكِم (ḥākim). Doublet of haham.


exército

lad-noun

exército m (Hebrew spelling איגזירסיטו, plural exércitos)

Y quatro varones eran leproſas en entrada de la puerta: y dixeron cada uno a ſu cõpañero q̃ nos eſtãtes aqui faſta q̃ muramos? Si dixermos entremos a la ciudad y la fambre en la ciudad y moriremos alli: y si eﬅuviermos aqui y moriremos: y agora andad y traſfuyamos a real de Arã si nos abiviguaren biviremos y si nos mataren moriremos. Y alevãtarõſe en la noche pa venir a real de Aram: y vinierõ faſta cabo de real de Arã y he no alli varon. Y A. fizo oyr a real de Arã ſonido de q̃tregua y ſonido de cavallo ſonido de exercito grãde: y dixerõ cada uno a ſu hermano he alquiloo ſobre nos rey de Yſrael a reyes de los Hitim: y a reyes de Egypto pa venir ſobre nos.

1553, Biblia de Ferrara, Second Book of Kings 7:3-6

And there were four lepers at the entrance of the gate: and they said one to another: what mean we staying here till we die? If we shall say let us enter the city and there is famine in the city we shall die there: and if we will stay here, we shall die: so now ye go and let us flee across to the realm of Aram. If they revive us, we shall live and if they kill us, we shall die. And arising in the evening to go to the realm of Aram: and they came to the edge of the realm of Aram, and behold, they found no man there. And the Lord made the realm of Aram to hear the sound of chariots and sound of horses and sound of a great army: and they said one to another, behold the king of Israel hath hired against us the kings of the Hittites and the kings of Egypt to come upon us.


antisemitismo

אנטיסימיטיסמו

antisemitismo m (Hebrew spelling אנטיסימיטיסמו)

אנטיסימיטיסמו (Hebrew)


dever

From Old Spanish dever, from Latin debeo, debere.

Ija de imigrantes djudios rusos ke aviyan sufriyido del aborresimyento i del antisemitizmo, se sintyo ke el aktivizmo sovre este sujeto era su dever.

2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom:

The daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants who had suffered from hatred and from antisemitism, she felt that activism on this subject was her duty.


kaldera

From Old Spanish caldera, from Late Latin caldāria~caldārium (“cooking-pot”).


kipa

Canetti lo deskrive komo un ombre onorable kon una maraviyoza barva blanka, kon una kipa i la vestimienta de los djudios de Maroko.

1990, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 41–44, page 17:

Canetti discribed him as an honorable man with a wonderful white beard, a kippah, and Moroccan Jewish clothing.

(Judaism, clothing) kippah (the cloth skullcap or yarmulke traditionally worn by male Jews)


almenara

From Old Spanish almenara, from Andalusian Arabic المَنَارَة (al-manára), ultimately from Arabic مَنَارَة (manāra).


soplo

Deverbal from soplar. Compare French soufflé.

Su grande oluk eskupia un fumo preto ke bolava de todas partes segun el soplo del ayre.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 52:

Its big chimney was spitting out a black smoke that was hovering everywhere, following the gusting air.

Detenyendo sus soplo los selaniklis asperavan otros kolpos ke ivan a indikar en kual kuartyer avia fuego.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 184:

Delaying their exhalation, the Thessalonians awaited other strikes that were to indicate in which quarter the fire was.


istoria

lad-noun

istoria f (Hebrew spelling איסטורייה, plural istorias)

איסטורייה (Hebrew)
istorias (plural)
estoria (alternative)
estorya (alternative)
historia (alternative)
istoriya (alternative)
istorya (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish estoria, istoria, from Latin historia, from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía). Compare Spanish historia.

En konkluzión podemos dizir ke através las enfluensas kulinarias i linguístikas resiprokas entre las varias kuzinas en el tiempo, es posible rekonstruir las fazas de istoria de los puevlos.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 74:

In conclusion, we can say that through the reciprocal linguistic and culinary influences between the various cuisines of the time, it is possible to reconstruct the peoples’ phases of history.


ligado

From Old Spanish figado (compare Spanish hígado), from Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), from Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-stuffed liver”).

inh

Todos los ke vinieron pudieron komer ligado d’Andirne (Edirne Ciğeri) mizmo kasher, albondigas (koftes) i sarsicha (sucuk) kon salatas.

2019 May 22, Silvio & Eyal Ovadya, “Un evenimyento, una dicha/un proverbo”, in Şalom:

All who came could eat Edirne liver even kosher, meatballs (koftas) and sausages (soudjouk) with salads.


milenio

No tenemos una ancha informasion ni detalios klaros i exaktos sovre una prezensia djudia en Londra antes del primer milenio.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 13:

We have neither a great deal of information nor clear and exact details regarding a Jewish presence in London before the first millennium.

(countable) millennium (a period of time consisting of one thousand years)


aluenga

Possibly from Aragonese luenga, ultimately from Latin lingua.


meza

Inherited from Vulgar Latin mēsa, from Latin mēnsa. Cognate with Bengali মেজ (mej), Hindi मेज़ (mez), and Malayalam മേശ (mēśa).

El etaj de abasho tiene una guertizika delantre, kon siyas i meza i Rivka vistida de un fostan ancho a la Espanyola kon una roza en la sien, asentada, trikotando i asperando a su marido ke es vendedor de limones en el shuk (bazar).

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 280:

The floor below has a small garden inside, with chairs and [a] table, and Rivka wore a wide dress like the Spaniard with a rose on her temple, sitting, crocheting and waiting for her husband, who is a lemon vendor at the market.

La primera koza dunke ke se nota en la kuzina djudeo‐espanyola es la manera turka de azer kada día el arroz, ke se kome en grandes kantidades i no manka ni un día en la meza del djudío proveniente del Impero Otomano.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 70:

The first thing noted in the Judaeo‐Spanish kitchen is the Turkish style of making rice daily, which is eaten in great quantities and is never absent for one day from the table of the Jew originating from the Ottoman Empire.

(countable) table (furniture with a top surface to accommodate a variety of uses)


santidad

סאנטידאד (Hebrew)

Torno el rey i se enkorvo a la Ley i komando ke le izieran un buen almario a guadrarlo en el kon muncha santidad, i toda akeya kamara ke este muy limpia i bien asentada.

2006, יעקב כולי, מעם לועז בראשית: לקט : בצירוף מבואות, גלוסאר ומפתחות, הוצאת מכון מעלה אדומים, →ISBN, page 209:

The king returned and he knelt to the Law and commanded that they made a good closet with much holiness in which to keep it, and that that entire room be very clean and well settled.


consejos

lad-noun

consejos m pl (Hebrew spelling קונסיזﬞוס)

קונסיזﬞוס (Hebrew)


verdades

verdades f pl (Hebrew spelling בﬞירדאדﬞיס)

בﬞירדאדﬞיס (Hebrew)


מוזיקה

מוזיקה f (Latin spelling muzika, plural מוזיקאס or מוזיקות)

muzika (romanization)
מוזיקאס (plural)
מוזיקות (plural)


mortaja

From Old Spanish [Term?], from Latin mortualia.


sielo

סיילו (Hebrew)
cielo (alternative)
syelo (alternative)

I el sol es de dos modos kontrarios uno de otro, ke la parte ke esta para la tierra es de fuego, ma la otra parte ke da para el sielo es de pedrisko, ke kon esto se konserva uno kon otro, i el envierno tiene la vanda del pedrisko para la tierra i ansi aze muncho friyo, i si no fuera ke la otra vanda es de fuego, no era posivle ke pudieran la djente sonportarlo.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 66:

And the sun is of two phases contrary to one another: the part for the earth is fire, yet the other part for the sky is hail, one with the other is kept with this, and winter has hail's side for the earth, making it very cold, and if it weren't for the other side, the fiery one, it would not be possible that people could bear it.

sky (the atmosphere above a given point, especially as visible from the surface of the Earth as the place where the sun, moon, stars, and clouds are seen)


malah

malah m (Hebrew spelling מלאך, plural malahím)


ermano

From Old Spanish ermano (compare Spanish hermano), from Vulgar Latin germānus, from Latin germānus.


keilá

keilá f (Hebrew spelling קהילה, plural keilás or keilot)

קהילה (Hebrew)
keilás (plural)
keilot (plural)
kehil.la (alternative)


sefardí

sefardí m (Hebrew spelling ספרדי, plural sefardím)

ספרדי (Hebrew)
sefardím (plural)
sefaradi (alternative)


fuersa

פ׳ואירסה (Hebrew)
fuarsa (alternative)
fuerza (alternative)
huersa (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish fuerça, from Late Latin fortia, from Latin fortis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“fort”).

Se yamo este livro Tsits Refua porke al modo de el tsits es una nada legabe de el arvol, kon todo tiene en su fuersa i es kolel un arvol entero kon sus flores i frutos, ansi este livro aunke es una nada legabe de la hohma de la dotoria, kon todo, meldandolo i entendiendolo bien se topa ke es kolel toda la hohma.

1989, Aki Yerushalayim, volume 10, number 40, page 30:

This book is called Calico Treatment because calico’s way is nothing compared to the tree’s, with everything in its power, and an entire tree is a collection with flowers and fruits, thus while this book is nothing compared to doctorhood’s wisdom, despite everything, reading it and understanding it well it is found to be a collection of all wisdom.

Abashó del arvolé, i kon sus últimas fuersas se fue verso esta luz.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Vejés liviana, נור הפקות, page 73:

He climbed down from the tree, and with its last powers it went towards this light.

En los tres otros dias de la marcha las kozas se pasaron de la mizma manera, i solo mi fuersa me se fuiya mas i mas, la kanseria se aumentava i se empatronava de mi puerpo entero, i mi kaminada me azia grande pezgadia.

2007, Moshe 'Ha-Elion, Las angustias del enferno: las pasadias de un djidio de Saloniki en los kampos de eksterminasion almanes Auschwitz, Mauthausen, Melk i Ebensee, Sentro Moshe David Gaon de Kultura Djudeo-Espanyola, Universidad Ben-Gurion del Negev, →ISBN, page 103:

In the three days of marching things happened the same way, only my energy was draining more and more, my fatigue worsening and seizing my entire body, and it was harder to walk.

Kuando Almanya atako este paiz, en Mayo 1940, el entro komo kapitan en las fuersas armadas ʻholandezas, lucho kon eroizmo kontra los almanes i kayo prizionero kuando ʻHolanda fue okupada por los nazistas.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 6:

When Germany attacked this country in May 1940, he stepped in as captain of the Netherlandish armed forces, fought heroically against the Germans, and became [a] prisoner when the German Fascists occupied the Netherlands.


exércitos

exércitos m pl (Hebrew spelling איגזירסיטוס)

איגזירסיטוס (Hebrew)

plural of exército (“army, host, multitude of soldiers”)


יום כפור

bor

Hebrew יום כפור

אירה אונה די אקילייאס מאדֿרוגאדֿאס פֿריסקאס אי טיירנאס אין איל מיס די סיפטימברי, אינטרי ראש השנה אי יום כפור.

1910, Ben Yitzhak Saserdoti, Refael i Miriam, page 3:

It was one of those fresh, tender early mornings in the month of September, between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

Era una de akelyas maḏrugaḏas freskas i tiernas en el mes de septembre, entre Rosh Ashana i Yom Kippur.


ashugar

Borrowed from Andalusian Arabic الشوار (aš-šiwár), from Arabic شَوَار (šawār), شِوَار (šiwār). Compare Spanish ajuar.

trousseau, bridal jewelry, dowry, hope chest, glory box


kartof

From Bulgarian карто́ф (kartóf), from German Kartoffel.

(Sarajevo, Skopje, Sofia)


karne

Inherited from Old Spanish carne (“meat”), from Latin carnem (“flesh; meat”) or its ablative carne, from Proto-Italic *karō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”). Compare Catalan carn, Italian carne, Portuguese carne, Romanian carne.

der

Durante la gerra, kuando estávamos en Mombaroccio, el papá refuzó siempre de komer karne de puerko i de bestias muertas.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 78:

During the war, when we were in Mombaroccio, dad always refused to eat meat from pigs and dead animals.


פובלאסיון

From Old Spanish [Term?] (compare Spanish población).


גיוגראפייה

lad-noun

גיוגראפייה f (Latin spelling jeografiya)

From Ancient Greek γεωγραφία (geōgraphía) through Latin geōgraphia.

lad:גיוגראפייה


alefbet

From Hebrew אָלֶפְבֵּית (alefbeyt, “alphabet”).


mediko

lad-noun

mediko m (Hebrew spelling מידיקו, plural medikos)

מידיקו (Hebrew)
medikos (plural)
medico (alternative)
médiko (alternative)
medko (alternative)

Su fama komo mediko le vino en una epidemia de pesta ke kombatio kon sistemas modernos.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 31:

His fame as a physician came to him in an epidemic that he fought with modern systems.


papú

From Byzantine Greek παππούς (pappoús), from Ancient Greek παππίας (pappías), diminutive form of πάππας (páppas, “daddy”).


dolap

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دولاب (dolap), from Persian دولاب (dolâb, “closet”).


turko

turko m (Hebrew spelling טורקו, feminine turka)

טורקו (Hebrew)
turka (feminine)
turco (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish turco (“Turk”).

inh+

El no puede aspirar tambyén a un empyego kualunkue en las imprezas públikas, komo los tramvuayes, los kaminos de fyerro i otras semežantes, pues ke el estado egziže ofisyalmente de estas imprezas de konžedyar los empyegados turkos no musulmanos i de rezervar por endelantre estos empyegos a·los turkos musulmanos solamente.

(Can we date this quote?), David Fresco, edited by Christoph Herzog, Richard Wittmann, Istanbul – Kushta – Constantinople: Narratives of Identity in the Ottoman Capital, 1830–1930, Taylor & Francis, published 2018, →ISBN, page 105:

He cannot aspire to an any employment in the public initiatives, like the tramways, the iron roads, or elsewhat, given that of these initiatives the state officially exists to free the non-Muslim Turks and to reserve from now on these initiatives solely for Turkish Muslims.

Turk (human from Turkey or of Turkish ethnicity)


דיו

Cognate to Spanish Dios; the final S was removed by folk etymology, to emphasise the oneness of God. From Latin deus, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós.

בנדיגֿו מואישטרו דיו, בנדיגֿו מואישטרו שינייור, בנדיגֿו מואישטרו ריאי, בנדיגֿו מואישטרו שלבדור

Blessed be our God, Blessed be our Lord, Blessed be our King, Blessed be our Saviour.

Bendicho muestro Dyo, bendicho muestro Senyor, bendicho muestro Rey, bendicho muestro Salvador.


riza

Inherited from Latin rīsa, neuter plural perfect passive participle of rīdeō. Also possibly gender-flipped from risus, which means "laughter".

Con alegría, riza y pizzoteares, vos entre Purim.

2012, Alicia Sisso Raz, “Los Masapanes de Purim”, in Voces de Ḥaketía:

May Purim enter you with pleasure, laughter and trampling.


סינסיה

From Latin scientia. Compare to Spanish ciencia.


קולטורה

lad-noun

קולטורה f (Latin spelling kultura, plural קולטוראס)

kultura (romanization)
קולטוראס (plural)


פאלאברה

פאלאברה f (Latin spelling palavra, plural פאלאבראס)

palavra (romanization)
פאלאבראס (plural)

Metathetic form of Old Spanish parabla, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ, “comparison; parable”).


פאלאבראס

פאלאברה פאלאברה#Ladino


סונידו

lad-noun

סונידו m (Latin spelling sonido, plural סונידוס)


קהילה

he-m

קהילה / קְהִלָּה (k'hilá)


ansiklopedia

lad-noun

אנסיקלופידיה

ansiklopedia f (Hebrew spelling אנסיקלופידיה, plural ansiklopedias)

אנסיקלופידיה (Hebrew)
ansiklopedias (plural)


אנסיקלופידיה

אנסיקלופידיאס

אנסיקלופידיה f (Latin spelling ansiklopedia, plural אנסיקלופידיאס)

ansiklopedia (romanization)
אנסיקלופידיאס (plural)

lad:אנסיקלופידיה


arkeolojiya

ארקיולוג׳ייה

arkeolojiya f (Hebrew spelling ארקיולוג׳ייה)

ארקיולוג׳ייה (Hebrew)


astronomiya

astronomiya f (Hebrew spelling אסטרונומייה)

אסטרונומייה (Hebrew)


biolojiya

biolojiya f (Hebrew spelling בייולוג׳ייה)

בייולוג׳ייה (Hebrew)


נאטורה

From Old Spanish natura, from Latin nātūra.


ארטי

ארטי (Latin spelling arte, plural ארטיס)


dirito

dirito m (Hebrew spelling דיריג׳ו, usually uncountable)

law (body of rules and standards issued by a government)


mitolojiya

mitolojiya f (Hebrew spelling מיטולוג׳ייה)

מיטולוג׳ייה (Hebrew)

From Latin mythologia, from Ancient Greek μυθολογία (muthología, “legend”) μυθολογέω (muthologéō, “I tell tales”), from μυθολόγος (muthológos, “legend”), from μῦθος (mûthos, “story”) + λέγω (légō, “I say”).


relijion

lad-noun

relijion f (Hebrew spelling ריליג׳ייון, plural relijiones)

ריליג׳ייון (Hebrew)
relijiones (plural)
relijión (alternative)

From Latin religiō, religiōnem (“scrupulousness”, “pious misgivings”, “superstition”, “conscientiousness”, “sanctity”, “an object of veneration”, “cult-observance”, “reverence”), from religō (“I bind back or behind”), from re + ligō (“I tie, bind, or bandage”).


קולטוראס

קולטורה קולטורה#Ladino


konkubina

קונקובינה (Hebrew)


antojos

אנטוז׳וס (Hebrew)

O si no, te metes antojos de kolor para verlas blu, rose asigun te plazen.

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 244:

If not, you are putting on coloured glasses to see them in blue [or] pink, just the way that they like it.

(plural only) glasses; eyeglasses; spectacles


olam

עולם (Hebrew)
'olam (alternative)
olám (alternative)

El criyo con forma djente se munchiguen i en olam podesten!

1970, Annual, volumes 5–7, The Organization, page 177:

He created humanity with form [so that it] may multiply and dominate the world!

[…] i ya se fweron a su olam.⁶

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, Voices from Jewish Salonika, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 33:


amor

Inherited from Old Spanish amor, from Latin amōrem.


fota

From Greek φώτα (fóta, “lights”), ultimately from Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs), φᾰ́ος (phắos), from Proto-Hellenic *pʰáos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂os, from *bʰeh₂- (“shine”).

the moment when work, motion, traffic reaches its highest intensity


interes

אינטיריס (Hebrew)

Los reproducimos, aqui con placer, siendo seguros que nuestros lectores hebraisantes los leeran con vivo interes.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 380:

We repoduce them here, with place, being sure that our Hebraist readers shall read them with great interest.


kulpa

Learned borrowing from Latin culpa; cf. the inherited Old Spanish colpa. Cognate with Spanish culpa.

En supito me te fuites,
Sin kulpa i sin pekado.

1986, Haïm-Vidal Sephiha, Le judéo-espagnol, Entente, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 172:

Suddenly you went to me without guilt and without sin.

Para mi, una transmision de una estoria ke dezgrasiadamente no m'ambezi por falta de interlokutores, i sovre todo por kulpa miya.

2006, Los Muestros, numbers 65–73, R. Capuia, page 7:

For me, I am unfortunately not learning a story's transmission because of the interlocutors' mistake, and above all through my fault.


konejo

Inherited from Old Spanish conejo, from Latin cuniculus.


etaj

El etaj de abasho tiene una guertizika delantre, kon siyas i meza i Rivka vistida de un fostan ancho a la Espanyola kon una roza en la sien, asentada, trikotando i asperando a su marido ke es vendedor de limones en el shuk (bazar).

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 280:

The floor below has a small garden inside, with chairs and [a] table, and Rivka wore a wide dress like the Spaniard with a rose on her temple, sitting, crocheting and waiting for her husband, who is a lemon vendor at the market.

(architecture, countable) floor (a storey/story of a building)


pazi

From Ottoman Turkish: پازی (pazı), from a dialectal form of Armenian բազուկ (bazuk).

Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris#Translingual


vaye

Inherited from Old Spanish valle (“dale”).

inh+

Yo estare ayi, kuando tus ojos groteskamente afeytados se serraran sovre este vaye de afrisyon.

2003, Nuestra memoria, numbers 22–24, Fundación Memoria del Holocausto, page 29:

I shall be there when your grotesquely embellished eyes close to this valley of torment.


jeografiya

lad-noun

jeografiya f (Hebrew spelling גיוגראפייה)

גיוגראפייה (Hebrew)

From Ancient Greek γεωγραφία (geōgraphía) through Latin geōgraphia.


sensia

סינסיה (Hebrew)
sensya (alternative)
siensia (alternative)
siensya (alternative)
syensia (alternative)
syensya (alternative)
סיינסייה (alternative)
סינסייה (alternative)

From Old Spanish sçiençia or sciencia (“knowledge”), borrowed from Latin scientiam (“knowledge”). Compare to Spanish ciencia.


poblasyón

פובלאסיון (Hebrew)

From Old Spanish [Term?] (compare Spanish población).


arrozal

arrozales (plural)
arozal (alternative)
ארוזאל (alternative)

paddy, rice paddy (field where rice is grown)


mercedes

mercedes f pl (Hebrew spelling מירסידﬞיס)

מירסידﬞיס (Hebrew)


kasap

From Ottoman Turkish قصاب (kassâb), from Arabic قَصَّاب (qaṣṣāb).


musafir

From Ottoman Turkish مسافر (müsâfir, “guest”), from Arabic مُسافِر (musāfir, “traveller”).


haham

lad-noun

haham m (Hebrew spelling חכם, plural hahamim)


סקולה

From Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).


ספרדים

ספרדי ספרדי#Ladino


ריליג׳ייון

From Latin religiō, religiōnem (“scrupulousness; pious misgivings; superstition; conscientiousness; sanctity; an object of veneration; cult-observance; reverence”), from religō (“I bind back or behind”), from re + ligō (“I tie, bind, or bandage”).


ריאי

Ein Keloheinu:
בנדיגֿו מואישטרו דיו, בנדיגֿו מואישטרו שינייור, בנדיגֿו מואישטרו ריאי, בנדיגֿו מואישטרו שלבדור
Bendicho muestro Dyo, bendicho muestro Senyor, bendicho muestro Rey, bendicho muestro Salvador.
Blessed be our God, Blessed be our Lord, Blessed be our King, Blessed be our Saviour.


ija

From Old Spanish fija (compare Spanish hija), from Latin fīlia.


ijo

lad-noun

ijo m (Hebrew spelling איז׳ו, plural ijos)

איז׳ו (Hebrew)
ijos (plural)
fijo (alternative)

From Old Spanish fijo, from Latin fīlius. Compare Spanish hijo.


albondiga

From Arabic بُنْدُقَة (bunduqa, “hazelnut”), from Ancient Greek Ποντικόν κάρυον (Pontikón káruon). Compare Spanish albóndiga and Portuguese almôndega.

der

Ποντικόν κάρυον

Todos los ke vinieron pudieron komer ligado d’Andirne (Edirne Ciğeri) mizmo kasher, albondigas (koftes) i sarsicha (sucuk) kon salatas.

2019 May 22, Silvio & Eyal Ovadya, “Un evenimyento, una dicha/un proverbo”, in Şalom:

All who came could eat Edirne liver even kosher, meatballs (koftas) and sausages (soudjouk) with salads.


demet

From Ottoman Turkish دمت (demet), from Greek δεμάτι (demáti, “bale of hay”).


hamam

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حمام (hamam), from Arabic حَمَّام (ḥammām).


kirurgo

From Italian chirurgo < Latin chīrurgus.


turka

I ala onze [6 AM], ala turka, vinyeron en grande akompanyamyento delos askyeres turkos adelantre i detras, kompanyas de soldados de kada nasyon ke fueron dezbarkados delas naves, djunto todos los viche-amirales i komandantes, i ofisyeres de kada nave ke se topo en muestro porto.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, translated by Isaac Jerusalmi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 276:

And at eleven [6 A.M.], a great escort of Turkish soldiers came ahead of and behind the Turk; companies of soldiers from every nation disembarked from the ships, together with all the vice-admirals, commanders, and officers from every ship found in our port.


lodola

From Vulgar Latin *alaudula, diminutive of Latin alauda, of Gaulish origin.


Dyo

Cognate to Spanish Dios; the final S was removed by folk etymology, to emphasise the oneness of God. From Latin deus, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós.

בנדיגֿו מואישטרו דיו, בנדיגֿו מואישטרו שינייור, בנדיגֿו מואישטרו ריאי, בנדיגֿו מואישטרו שלבדור - Bendicho muestro Dyo, bendicho muestro Senyor, bendicho muestro Rey, bendicho muestro Salvador.


nufus

En 1923, se modernizo la identidad de las personas, pero a unos ermanos de mi Papu le metieron en el nufus la alkunya Rodrik, i a la otra mitad de la famiya, la alkunya Rodriges.

2007, Hernán Rodriguez Fisse, “Alkunya Rodrik o Rodriguez”, in El Amaneser, section 27:


fierro

From Old Spanish fierro, from Latin ferrum.


ovra

lad-noun

ovra f (Hebrew spelling אוב׳רה, plural ovras)

Inherited from Old Spanish obra, inherited from Latin opera, from opus. The original form in Old Spanish was huebra, which was later influenced by the verb obrar and generalized to obra. Doublet of opera.

Tu sos envestido i envelupado de giustidad, a ti solo apartiene la sopirioridad
Si no ai en nozotros ovras ⁴) boenas, acodrate de noestros padres i de sus santedad.
Siempre los tengas en tu memoria i apiada a tu comunidad

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 12:

You are dressed and enveloped with justice, only to you does superiority belong; were good deeds absent from us, remind yourself of our fathers and their holiness. You always have them in memory; rescue your people.


lovo

Inherited from Old Spanish lobo, lovo, from Latin lupus, which was borrowed from an Oscan-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. Romance cognates include French loup, Italian lupo, Galician, Portuguese, and Spanish lobo, & Romanian lup.

Djohá no ezita a tratar mizmo kon el Dio: le propoza un grande korbán kuando está en períkolo de vinir komido por el lovo, ma se arrepiente kuando se salva (paj. 313).

1991, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Djoha ke dize? Kuentos populares djudeo‐espanyoles, כנה:

Djohá does not hesitate to deal with even God: [Djohá] proposes a great sacrifice to Him when [Djohá] is in danger of being eaten by the wolf, but reconsiders when [Djohá] is saved.

(countable) wolf (Canis lupus; the largest wild member of the canine subfamily)


asetuna

Borrowed from Arabic اَلزَّيْتُون (az-zaytūn) (compare Spanish aceituna).

bor

اَلزَّيْتُون


chapines

lad-noun

chapines m pl (Hebrew spelling ג׳אפיניס)

ג׳אפיניס (Hebrew)


באלטה

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بالطه (balta).


ביל

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بل (bel, “waist”).


מוּז׳יר

From Old Spanish mugier, muger, from Latin mulier.


shavón

From Old Spanish xabon, from Latin sāpō, sāpōnem (compare Spanish jabón).


שאבון

shavón (romanization)
שאב׳ון (alternative)

From Latin sāpō, sāpōnem (compare Spanish jabón).


ראקי

Borrowed from Turkish rakı, from Arabic عَرَقِيّ (ʕaraqiyy, “of liquor”), from عَرَق (ʕaraq).


kavod

כבוד (Hebrew)
kabod (alternative)
kavo (alternative)

der

Hebrew כָּבוֹד


כבוד

kavod (romanization)
כּב׳וד (alternative)

Hebrew כָּבוֹד


azno

Inherited from Old Spanish asno, from Latin asinus.


purimlik

lad-noun

purimlik f (Hebrew spelling פורימליק, plural purimlikes)


פורימליק

From Hebrew פורים (Purim) + -lik (from Turkish -lik).


portokal

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پورتقال (portokal).

bor+

pertukal (alternative)
portukal (alternative)


ריי

rey (romanization)
ריאי (alternative)
רֵיי (alternative)

From Latin rēx, rēgis (compare Spanish rey), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).


תפילה

Borrowing from Hebrew תפילה / תְּפִלָּה (t'filá, “prayer”).

he-m

תפילה / תְּפִלָּה (t'filá, “prayer”)


berahá

lad-noun

berahá f (Hebrew spelling ברכה, plural berahas or berahotes)

ברכה (Hebrew)
berahas (plural)
berahotes (plural)
berajjá (alternative)


zahut

zahud (alternative)
zehut (alternative)
zejút (alternative)


mazal

From Hebrew מַזָּל (mazál), likely from Akkadian 𒌓𒁕 (manzaltum).


kushak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوشاق (kuşak, “sash, belt”).


alforría

Borrowed from Arabic حُرِّيَّة (ḥurriyya).


צדקה

der

Hebrew צְדָקָה


maalé

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish محله (mahalle, “station, parish, ward”), from Arabic مَحَلَّة (maḥalla).

bor+

איל איסטאדﬞו אין כואל סי טופאבﬞח לח ּּּּּמאאלי […]

1883 August 3, La Epoka, number 734, Thessaloniki, page 5:

El estado en kual se topava la maale […]


shasheo

Borrowed from Turkish şaşmak (to be surprised, gone astray).


esnoga

→ Judeo-Arabic: שנוגא (šnūġa) (Algiers, Tlemcen, Morocco)

→ Dutch: snoge

→ Papiamentu: znoa

Likely via elision of Judeo-Vulgar Latin *es(i)nagoga, from Ancient Greek συναγωγή (sunagōgḗ, “assembly, gathering”), from συνάγω (sunágō, “I gather together”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”). Doublet of sinagoga.

der

Ey senyor, voy a esnoga.


estreya

(astronomy) star (luminous celestial body)


djudío

lad-noun

djudío m (Hebrew spelling גﬞודﬞייו, feminine djudía)

גﬞודﬞייו (Hebrew)
djudía (feminine)
djidio (alternative)
djidió (alternative)
djidyo (alternative)
djidyó (alternative)
djudio (alternative)
djudió (alternative)
djudyo (alternative)
djudyó (alternative)
judio (alternative)
ĵudió (alternative)
ŷudyó (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish judio (“Jew”), from Latin iūdaeus.

inh+

La primera koza dunke ke se nota en la kuzina djudeo‐espanyola es la manera turka de azer kada día el arroz, ke se kome en grandes kantidades i no manka ni un día en la meza del djudío proveniente del Impero Otomano.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 70:

The first thing noted in the Judaeo‐Spanish kitchen is the Turkish style of making rice daily, which is eaten in great quantities and is never absent for one day from the table of the Jew originating from the Ottoman Empire.

Jew (member or descendant of the Jewish people)


interpretasión

lad-noun

interpretasión f (plural interpretasiones)


tramvay

טראמבאיי (Hebrew)


karpus

From Ottoman Turkish قارپوز (karpuz, “melon”), from Persian خربز (xarboz, “melon”).


sudhor

From Latin sūdor, sūdōrem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swoyd-, *sweyd-.


kazal

From Old Galician-Portuguese casal, from Late Latin casāle (“country house, farm”), ultimately from Latin casa.


חאביר

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خبر (haber) (compare Turkish haber), from Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar).


haftona

Possibly from Hebrew חבט (“to strike, hit”), with fem. suffix Hebrew ־וֹן (-on).


חאמאם

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حمام (hamam), from Arabic حَمَّام (ḥammām).

bor+

[…]תוב׳׳ו קי אסירקארסי פ׳׳ורסאדאמינטי אה איל חאמאם.

1838 May 1, La Vara, number 832, New York, page 6:

[…] [he] had to forcefully get close to the bathouse.

[…] tuvo ke aserkarse forsadamente a el hamam.


korasón

From Old Spanish coraçon, from Vulgar Latin *corāceōnem, derived from Latin cor.


chiko

lad-noun

chiko m (Hebrew spelling ג׳יקו, plural chikos, feminine chika)

ג׳יקו (Hebrew)
chikos (plural)
chika (feminine)


hach

Borrowed from Turkish haç (“cross”), ultimately from Armenian խաչ (xačʻ, “cross”).


dolmúsh

Borrowed from Turkish dolmuş (“dolmus”).


איז׳ו

From Old Spanish fijo (compare Spanish hijo), from Latin fīlius.


פ׳רינטי

From Old Spanish fruente, from Latin frōns, frontis.


קאזה

From Old Spanish casa, from Latin casa (“cottage”).


yave

yave f (Hebrew spelling ייאב׳י, plural yaves)

ייאב׳י (Hebrew)
yaves (plural)
llave (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish llaue (“key”), from Latin clāvis (“key”), from Proto-Italic *klāwis, of ultimately Proto-Indo-European origin. Cognate with English clef.

inh+

La yave tengo en la aldikera, tomala i avre la puerta.

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 182:

I have the key in the pocket; I take it out and open the door.

(countable) key (an object designed to open and close a lock)


tadre

From Old Spanish tarde, from Latin tardē. Compare Spanish tarde.


טאדרי

tadre (romanization)
טאד׳רי (alternative)


djente

ג׳ינטי (Hebrew)
djenti (alternative)
gente (alternative)
ŷente (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish yente, from Latin gens, gentis. Compare Spanish gente.

El criyo con forma djente se munchiguen i en olam podesten!

He created people with form [so that they] may multiply and dominate the world!

I el sol es de dos modos kontrarios uno de otro, ke la parte ke esta para la tierra es de fuego, ma la otra parte ke da para el sielo es de pedrisko, ke kon esto se konserva uno kon otro, i el envierno tiene la vanda del pedrisko para la tierra i ansi aze muncho friyo, i si no fuera ke la otra vanda es de fuego, no era posivle ke pudieran la djente sonportarlo.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 66:

And the sun is of two phases contrary to one another: the part for the earth is fire, yet the other part for the sky is hail, one with the other is kept with this, and winter has hail's side for the earth, making it very cold, and if it weren't for the other side, the fiery one, it would not be possible that people could bear it.


kavesa

קאב׳יסה (Hebrew)
cabeça (alternative)
cavesa (alternative)
caveza (alternative)
kaveza (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish cabeça, from Vulgar Latin capitia, from capitium, from Latin caput. Cognate with Spanish cabeza.

Alberto kontinuó a menear la kavesa en sinyo de dezaprovasión, sospirando: "A, komo se puede ser ansí!…"

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 119:

Albert kept shaking his head as a sign of disapproval, sighing, ‘Ugh, how can it be like this…!’

(countable) head (the part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth, and main sense organs)


קאב׳יסה

From Old Spanish cabeça, from Vulgar Latin capitia, from capitium, from Latin caput.


sharope

From Old Spanish [Term?] (compare Spanish jarabe, jarope, Portuguese xarope), from Andalusian Arabic شراب, from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, coffee, syrup”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”).


inat

El Hodja se retiro en un kanton, i mientres muchas oras metio inat de no avlar.

2001, Aki Yerushalayim, volume 22, page 33:

The Hodja retired to a corner, and for many hours he obstinately refused to talk.


profesia

From Old Spanish (compare Spanish profecía), from Latin prophētīa, from Ancient Greek προφητεία (prophēteía).


anyo

Inherited from Old Spanish anno (“year”), from Latin annus (“a year”), from Proto-Italic *atnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂et-no-, probably from *h₂et- (“to go”). Cognate with Spanish año.


adjilé

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish عجله (modern Turkish acele), from Arabic عَجَلَة (ʕajala) formed from the verbal noun of عَجِلَ (ʕajila, “to hurry”).

Adjilé no ay.

Apróntate presto, tenemos adjilé.


aliyá

azer su aliyá
immigrate to Israel, make aliya


akedá

From Hebrew עֲקֵדָה (ʿaqedá, literally “binding”).


agristada

From Old Spanish agresta (“verjuice”). Compare Italian agresto, Modern Spanish agraz.


alkunya

lad-noun

alkunya f (Hebrew spelling אלקונייה, plural alkunyas)

Derived from Andalusian Arabic *الكنیه (al-kúnya), from Arabic كُنْيَة (kunya, “kunya”). Compare Spanish alcurnia.

der+

People’s identities were modernised in 1923, but like some of my grandfather’s brothers they put him on the Rodrik surname identity card, and as for my family’s other half, the surname Rodriges.

surname (the portion of a person's name that is generally hereditary or treated as an indicator of a person's family, which may be shared with other members of the family, or otherwise derived from their names in some fashion; distinguished from that person's given name(s))


aniyo

From Latin ānellus (“little ring”), from ānulus, diminutive of ānus (“ring”).


alimanya

Unknown, but occasionally postulated to be cognate to Spanish Alemania (“Germany”) as a pejorative.


alhad

Borrowed from Arabic اَلْأَحَد (al-ʔaḥad).

Alhad la noche vamos a asender la primera kandela de muestras Hanukiyas.

2019, Silvyo OVADYA, “Hanukah Alegre”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

Sunday night we're going to light the first candle on our Hanukiyas.


aniyo de kidushim

lad-noun

aniyo de kidushim m (plural aniyos de kidushim)


eskritura

From Old Spanish escritura, scriptura, from Latin scrīptūra (“a writing, scripture”), from scrīptum, the supine of scrībō (“I write”).


mansana

lad-noun

mansana f (Hebrew spelling מאנסאנה, plural mansanas)

Inherited from Old Spanish mazana, from Vulgar Latin *mattiāna.


relijión

relijión f (Hebrew spelling ריליג׳ייון, plural relijiones)

ריליג׳ייון (Hebrew)
relijiones (plural)
relijion (alternative)

From Latin religiō, religiōnem (“scrupulousness; pious misgivings; superstition; conscientiousness; sanctity; an object of veneration; cult-observance; reverence”), from religō (“I bind back or behind”), from re + ligō (“I tie, bind, or bandage”).


מזוזה

lad-noun

מזוזה f (Latin spelling mezuzá, plural מזוזות)

der

Hebrew מְזוּזָה

(Judaism and occasionally Christianity) mezuzah


manyana

From Old Spanish mannana, from Vulgar Latin *māneāna, from Latin māne.


arabá

Borrowed from Turkish araba. False friend of Turkish word meaning car. The words oto or otomobil are used instead in Ladino, which are borrowed from French.


barkero

From barka (“small boat”) + -ero (compare Spanish barquero, Portuguese barqueiro).


balukchí

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بالقجی (balıkcı).

bor+

און באלוקגﬞי קונטה קי[…]

1873 February 27, El Tiempo, number 98, Constantinople, page 4:


bamyas

Borrowed from Turkish bamya, from Arabic بَامِيَا (bāmiyā) or بَامِيَة (bāmiya).

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual


bahcheván

bahchavan (alternative)
bahchivan (alternative)

Se alevantaron los pipinos i aharvaron al bahchevan

The cucumbers rose up to beat up the gardener


ateshdjí

From Turkish ateş (“fire”) + -djí (compare Turkish ateşçi (“stoker”)).

(Judaism) person who lights the fire on Shabbat


ateshdjiya

ateshdjiyas (plural)
atedjiya (alternative)
ateshya (alternative)
ateya (alternative)


arvolé

ארב׳ולי (Hebrew)
arvol (alternative)
árvol (alternative)
arvole (alternative)
árvole (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish arbol, arbor or arvol, from Latin arborem f. Compare Portuguese árvore and Spanish árbol.

Abashó del arvolé, i kon sus últimas fuersas se fue verso esta luz.

2006, מתילדה כהן-סראנו, זיקנתך כבחרותך: סיפורים ופתגמים מהעולם היהודי-ספרדי, נור הפקות, page 73:

He climbed down from the tree, and with its last powers it went towards this light.


balabay

From Hebrew בַּעַל הַבַּיִת (bá'al habáyit, “master of the house”). Cognate with Yiddish בעל־הבית (balebos, “head of household”),

der

בַּעַל הַבַּיִת


brit milá

ברית מילה (Hebrew)


ברית מילה

Borrowed from Hebrew ברית מִילָה (literally “covenant (of) cutting”).


biskocho

From Old Spanish biscocho, from Early Medieval Latin biscoctus (literally “twice baked”).

inh

a traditional Sephardi Jewish ring-shaped sesame cookie commonly prepared for Hanukkah, Purim, and other Jewish holidays.


byervo

From Old Spanish vierbo, from Latin verbum.


halvadjí

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حلواجی (helvacı, “confectioner”), equivalent to halvá (“halva, confection”) + -djí.

bor+

Kuando boltó el halvadjí i avrió la kasha para pagar parás, no topó mas nada adientro.

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס, נור, page 207:

When the candyman turned around and opened the cash register to pay in Ottoman coins, there was no longer anything inside.


zanadjí

Borrowed from Turkish sanatçi (“craftsman, artisan”), from Turkish sanat (“art”), which derives from Arabic صَنْعَة (ṣanʕa).


gayna

From Latin gallīna, from gallus (“rooster”).


gongosha

Inherited from Old Spanish congoxa, from Old Catalan congoxa, from Late Latin congustia (“defile”, noun).

kongosha (alternative)
kongoja (alternative)


guevo

From Old Spanish hueuo, from Vulgar Latin (*)ŏvum, from Classical Latin ōvum.


chadir

Borrowed from Turkish çadır (“tent”), from Persian چادر (čâdor).


charshí

Borrowed from Turkish çarşı (“bazaar”), from Persian چارسو (čârsu).


gostijo

portion of cooked dish sent over for neighbours to taste


grasias

Originally from Latin grātia, as used in the phrase gratias agere (“to express thanks”).


golor

From Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin, Late Latin olor, olōrem, from Latin odor, influenced by oleō.


bezo

From Old Spanish, from Latin bāsium, from Proto-Indo-European *bu.


berendjena

lad-noun

berendjena f (Hebrew spelling בירינג׳ינה, plural berendjenas)

בירינג׳ינה (Hebrew)
berendjenas (plural)
berenjena (alternative)
merenjena (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), from Persian بادنجان (bâdenjân), earlier بادنگان (bâdengân), an Indo-Aryan borrowing, from Sanskrit वातिगगम (vātiga-gama, “eggplant”).

der

Aharon odia las berendjenas, i de kuando lo konosko yo, no ay manera de azérselas komer, a parte ke fritas en muncha azeyte.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 209:

Aharon hates eggplants, and there’s no way to make him eat them when I am acquainted with him, apart from them as fried patties with lots of oil.


aveyana

From Latin abellana, from Avella, a city in Italy.


asúkuar

Inherited from Old Spanish açúcar, borrowed from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), via Andalusian Arabic.


ganedén

ke repoze su alma en ganedén

may his/her/their soul rest in the Garden of Eden (Paradise)


garón

«A!» disho el ombre. «Ansina no sirve la milizina! Tú deves aferrar la pulga kon los dos dedos, avrirle la boka, i kon la otra mano enkasharle un poko de polvo al garón».

1995, Matilda Koén-Sarano, edited by Matilda Koén-Sarano, De Saragosa a Yerushaláyim: kuentos sefaradís, Ibercaja, →ISBN, page 57:

‘Ah!’ the man said. ‘The medicine is not helping! You must catch the flea with two fingers, open its mouth, and insert a little powder to its neck with the other hand.’


bimuelo

Diminutive of Old Spanish *boño, akin to Spanish buñuelo, Catalan bunyol (both “fritter, doughnut”). The underlying noun is at hand in Catalan bony (“bulge”). Further origin uncertain. Theories include a Gothic *𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌾𐍉 (*buggjō, “lump”) or identity with Spanish moño (“bun of hair”), itself probably from Paleo-Hispanic.

7 guevos para los gatos, 8 guevos para el Tishpishti, 15 – 20 guevos para la meza de seder, no se kuantos guevos para los bimuelos i mas guevos para las frituras.

2019 April, Eliz Gatenyo, “Las kashkaras de guevos”, in Şalom:

7 eggs for the cats, 8 eggs for the Tishpishti, 15-20 eggs for the middle of the Seder, I don't know how many eggs for the bimuelos and more eggs for the fried food.

A type of fritter eaten by Sephardi Jews during Hanukkah and Pesach.


azeyte

From Old Spanish azeyte, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic زَيْت (zayt).

azete (alternative)
azeite (alternative)
alzeyte (alternative)


avokato

Borrowed from Turkish avukat, from French avocat, ultimately from Latin advocātus.

avokado (alternative)
avoká (alternative)


gruya

From Latin grūs (“crane”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”).


biznona

From biz- + nona (“grandmother”) (compare Spanish bisabuela).


biznyeto

From biz- + nyeto.
Compare Spanish bisnieto.


bivda

Inherited from Old Spanish vibda, bibda, from Latin vidua, following metathesis.


bodre

Ultimately from French bord (compare Spanish borde).


burako

Uncertain. From Old Galician and Portuguese buraco (13th century), perhaps from Latin forāmen (“aperture, opening”) or rather from a local derivative of Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce”) + the suffix -aco, from a pre-Latin suffix -akko-.


benadam

From Hebrew בן אדם (ben adam, literally “son of Adam”).


árabo

From Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab, “Arabs”) or عَرَبِيّ (ʕarabiyy, “Arab, Arabic”, adjective).


djudio

lad-noun

djudio m (Hebrew spelling ג׳ודייו, feminine djudia)

Los djudios de Espanya eskrivian sus tekstos, en el espanyol ke avlavan entonses, kon letras ebreas, i kon reglas de transliterasion ke fueron mantenidas, kon chikos trokamientos, durante sienes de anyos.

Spain’s Jews were writing their texts, in the Spanish that they were speaking back then, with Hebrew letters, and with transliteration rules that were maintained, with few changes, for hundreds of years.


djidió

En Espanya konvertieron a un djidió.
Viernes grande los Kristianos no komen karne.
Viernes grande este djidió tomó un buen pedaso de karne i está komiendo.

1995, Matilda Koén-Sarano, De Saragosa a Yerushaláyim: kuentos sefaradís, Ibercaja, →ISBN, page 182:

In Spain they converted the Jew. [On] Great Friday Christians eat no meat. [On] Great Friday this Jew took a good chunk of meat and is eating [it].


dyente

Para mi, todo empeso kuando el dyentisto me dicho de arankar todas las dyentes ke teniya.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 16:

For me, it all started when the dentist told me about pulling all the teeth that I had.


djueves

ג׳ואיב׳יס (Hebrew)
djugeves (alternative)
djugueves (alternative)
džuevis (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish iueues, from Latin Iovis dīēs, variant of dīēs Iovis.

Djueves la noche, 14 marso, se reusho a obtener las permisyones menesterozas por ekspedir la misma noche, los ayudos para <182>Edirne, la primera ekspedisyon de ayudos embiada para esta sivdad.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria: Estudio y edición crítica de la obra «Notas istorikas» de Avraam Moshe Tadjer, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, →ISBN, page 402:

Thursday night, March 14, getting the permissions needed for hurrying up the support for Edirne succeeded, the first relief expedition sent to this city.

Thursday (the fifth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fourth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Wednesday and precedes Friday)

aljhad · lunes · martes · mierkoles · djueves · viernes · shabat [edit]


sentro

La maale de los djudyos se topa en el sentro de la sivdad vyeja, toda la kaleja golyendo al miskle de flores, las plasas kon las pisinas, los arvoles de portokales kon los kortijos finos avyertos para ke los turistos vijiten.

2019, Şeli GAON, “Viyaje A Andalusia - 2”, in Şalom:

The Jewish district is located in the center of the old city, the whole street smelling of a mixture of flowers, the plazas with the swimming pools, the orange trees with the fine open patios for the tourists to visit.


djarro

From Old Spanish jarro, ultimately from Arabic جَرَّة (jarra, “earthern receptacle”).


devda

From Latin dēbita, neuter plural form of dēbitus.


dikat

Borrowed from Turkish dikkat (“attention, care”).


bohor

From Hebrew בְּכוֹר (b'chór, “firstborn”).


sivdad

lad-noun

sivdad f (Hebrew spelling סיב׳דאד, plural sivdades)

Inherited from Old Spanish cibdat, from Latin cīvitātem. Compare Modern Spanish ciudad.

Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi,
i pensar en las sivdades ke deshi,
las glories del pasado ke pedri,
i la soledad en ke me kayi

2000, David Altabé, “Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi”, in Esther Benbassa, editor, Les Sépharades en littérature, page 164:

There is something sad in being Sefardi
and thinking of the cities that I've abandoned,
the glories of the past that I've lost
and the loneliness into which I've fallen

En el pantheon de los eros durante la Shoah se topa Chiune Sugihara, ke era konsul jeneral de la Japonya en la sivdad Kaunas de la Litvanya.

2019 February 27, Metin DELEVİ, “El Samuray ke salvo a miles de djudios de los nazis”, in Şalom:

In the pantheon of heroes during the Shoah you'll find Chiune Sugihara, who was consul general of Japan in the city of Kaunas in Lithuania.


moshka

moshka f (Hebrew spelling מושקה, plural moshkas)

Inherited from Old Spanish mosca, from Latin musca.

De ke tiralanya me estas avlando, hanuma? En las kazas de Estambol las tiralanyas sirviyan solo para apanyar moshkas.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 17:

What spider are you talking about, lady? In Istanbul’s houses all spiders do is catch flies.


enshemplo

Endemas, en la sivdad se topa la Katedrala de San Aleksandro Nevski, konsiderada uno de los amijores enshemplos de la arkitektura de la iglesia ortodoksa rusa.


djanim

Borrowed from Turkish canim (“my soul”).


Espania

La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XV ma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy.

1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, in Aki Yerushalayim, archived from the original on 2020-12-03, page 11:

The first of them is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th century but which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


orasion

אוראסייון (Hebrew)

Kuando el entereso, o la atansion a la seremonia se aflaka, una majorita de senioras topan esta okazion para interkambiar ideas, munças vezes ke no tienen ninguna relasion kon el dezenrolo, el dezvelopamiento de la orasion.

2000, Salamon Bicerano, Relatos akademikos i populares en Judeo-Espanyol (1998–2000), Gözlem, →ISBN, page 297:

When the interest or attention to the ceremony weakens, most seniors use this occasion to exchange ideas, so often that they have no relation with the oration’s exposition [or] development.


ermana

ermana f (Hebrew spelling אירמאנה, plural ermanas, masculine ermano)

אירמאנה (Hebrew)
ermanas (plural)
ermano (masculine)
hermana (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish ermana, from Latin germāna. Compare Spanish hermana.

"Mira, ay está mi ermana Geula!" me dize Aharon.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 335:

‘Look, there’s my sister Geula!’ Aharon said to me.

sister (a daughter of the same parents as another person; a female sibling)


espozado

espozado m (plural espozados, feminine espozada)


espozada

espozada f (plural espozadas, masculine espozado)


esuenyo

esfuenyo (alternative)
es-huenyo (alternative)


esfuenyo

es-huenyo (alternative)
esuenyo (alternative)
sfoenju (alternative)


es-huenyo

esuenyo (alternative)
esfuenyo (alternative)


ermozura

From Old Spanish fermosura. By surface analysis, ermozo + -ura. Cognate with Spanish hermosura.


folar

(cooking) folar (traditional bread served at Purim). It is a pastry made from a sweet yeast dough formed around a hard-boiled egg with the shell on for the eater to peel and eat with the sweet bread.


rinyón

Inherited from Old Spanish rinnon (“kidney”), from Vulgar Latin *rēniōnem, from Latin rēn (“kidney”). Cognate with French rognon and Italian rognone.

inh+

Lo saludo de alta estima de korasón, i del rinyón, el bonbar i las alhashés.

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, Voices from Jewish Salonika, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 518:

I greet him with great value from my heart, my kidney, my neck and my chest membranes.

kidney (an organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine)


senyor

lad-noun

senyor m (Hebrew spelling סינייור, feminine senyora)

סינייור (Hebrew)
senyora (feminine)
señor (alternative)
sinyó (alternative)
sinyor (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish sennor (“lord”), from Vulgar Latin *senjor (“master, elder, lord, nobleman”), from Latin seniōrem (“elder”), comparative form of senex (“old”). Cognate with Spanish señor.

inh

Ey senyor, voy a esnoga.

mister; sir; lord (title conferred on a married or older male)


akel

From Vulgar Latin *eccum ille. Compare Spanish aquel.


erensya

From Latin haerentia (compare Spanish herencia).


pelagos

From Greek πέλαγος (pélagos), from Ancient Greek πέλαγος (pélagos, “sea”).


espinaka

איספינאקה (Hebrew)
spinaka (alternative)

Borrowed from Arabic سَبَانَخ (sabānaḵ) or إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ).

Los prinsiaples ingredientes eran: el tomat, pimyentones, fasulya, kalavasikas, berendjena, prasa, espinaka i mas.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 77:

The principal ingredients were tomato, pepper, green beans, zucchini, eggplant, leek, spinach and so on.

Si ay un kidúsh en el kal (koza no muy rala), mi marido i mis ijos tornan a kaza medios "bogdeados" por el kugel ke les dan ayá, i no pueden gostar ni un pishiko del pastel de espinaka o de patata, ke estó uzada a aprontar para shabat demanyana.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot:

If there is a kiddush in the syngogue (something not very rare), my husband and my children take home half-‘bogdeados’ for the kugel that they give us there, and they cannot taste a little fish from the spinach or potatoe pie, which I used to prepare for Shabbat in the morning.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea#Translingual

spinach (a particular edible plant, Spinacia oleracea, or its leaves)


endechadera

From Old Spanish (compare Spanish endecha, from Latin indicta), with the suffix -dera, feminine of -dero.


demanyana

From Vulgar Latin *maneāna (compare Spanish mañana), from Latin māne.


estrechura

From estrecho + -ura, possibly corresponding to Late Latin strictura (through Old Spanish), from Latin strictus.


bibiliko

From Turkish bülbül (“nightingale”) + -iko.


boreka

lad-noun

boreka f (Hebrew spelling בורקס, plural borekas)

בורקס (Hebrew)
borekas (plural)
boreca (alternative)
bureka (alternative)

Aron dezdenyando el kuçio i el piron, aferro kon la mano la boreka i espedasondala kon los dedos en kuatro bokodos se la komyo.

1995, Tiryaki: aylık gazete-dergi, numbers 8–9, Tiryaki, page 75:

[With] Aron despising the knife and the fork, he held the filled pastry in hand and, crushing it with his fingers, it was eaten in four bites.


maymona

Borrowed from Turkish maymun, from Arabic مَيْمُون (maymūn).


kondurya

kondurya f (Hebrew spelling קונדורייה, plural konduryas)

קונדורייה (Hebrew)
konduryas (plural)
kunduria (alternative)
kundurya (alternative)

Se kito las konduryas a la puerta. A la salida, disho shalom a todo sus konosidos i se fue a tomar atras sus konduryas. Bushka de aki, bushka de aya, konduryas no ay.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 15:

[Somebody] left [their] shoes at the door. Upon exiting, [they] said hullo to all [their] acquaintances and left to take back [their] shoes. [Somebody] searches here, searches there, and there are no shoes.

(footwear) shoe (a protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)


masadjí

From Hebrew מצה (matza, “matzo”) + -djí.


boyayí

From Turkish boyamak (“to paint”) + -yí.


אסנוגה

→ Dutch: snoge

→ Papiamentu: znoa

Likely via Judeo-Vulgar Latin *es(i)nagoga, from Ancient Greek συναγωγή (sunagōgḗ, “assembly, gathering”), from συνάγω (sunágō, “I gather together”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + ἄγω (ágō, “I lead”). Doublet of sinagoga.


foja

lad-noun

foja f (Hebrew spelling פ׳וז׳ה, plural fojas)

פ׳וז׳ה (Hebrew)
fojas (plural)
oja (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish foja, from Late Latin folia, from the nominative plural of Latin folium, probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolh₃yom (“leaf”), from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”). See also folio, borrowed from the Latin. Cognate with English foil and French feuille (“sheet, leaf”).

Las verduras si lavan foja pur foja i si inshaguan unas kuantas vezes.

1994, Isak Papo, Cuentos Sobre los Sefardies de Sarajevo, Logos, →ISBN, page 150:

The vegetation is washed leaf by leaf and it rinses itself repeatedly.

El padre de famiya lo dechava syempre en ereda a su primer fijo i en la primera foja se meldava los nombres de las personas ke lo avian resivido en ereda.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 71:

The family's father was forever leaving it inherited to his first son and in the first page the names of the people who had received this inheritance were being read.

Sin me atadrar por un punto empesi a tornar las fojas de los livros.

2007, Moshe 'Ha-Elion, Las angustias del enferno: las pasadias de un djidio de Saloniki en los kampos de eksterminasion almanes Auschwitz, Mauthausen, Melk i Ebensee, Sentro Moshe David Gaon de Kultura Djudeo-Espanyola, Universidad Ben-Gurion del Negev, →ISBN, page 154:

Without delaying myself at all I started to turn the books' pages.


pasharo

pasharo m (Hebrew spelling פאשארו, plural pasharos)

פאשארו (Hebrew)
pasharos (plural)
pásaro (alternative)
pásharo (alternative)
pasharó (alternative)
paxaro (alternative)
páxaro (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish páxaro, pássaro, from Vulgar Latin *passarum, alteration of Latin passer (“sparrow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *p(e)t-tro- (“who flies, bird”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Cognate with Portuguese pássaro and Spanish pájaro.

inh

Kuando estavan komiendo, se estava oyendo un kante fuerte de pasharos ke estavan chuflando en el arvole ke estava enriva de eyos.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 248:

When they were eating, they heard birds singing vigorously in the tree that was above.

bird (an animal of the clade (traditionally class) Aves in the phylum Chordata, characterized by being warm-blooded, having feathers and wings usually capable of flight, having a beaked mouth, and laying eggs)


peshkado

lad-noun

peshkado m (Hebrew spelling פישקאדו, plural peshkados)

פישקאדו (Hebrew)
peshkados (plural)
pishkado (alternative)
pishkadu (alternative)

El peshkado mos risivio simpatikamente I mos yevo a las kabinas diferentes, a las makinas, a las kabinas de los marineros I alkavo a una kamareta preta komo el karbon.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 553:

The fish received us sympathetically and brought us to different cabins, machines, sailors' cabins, and lastly to a room black as carbon.

(countable) fish (a cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water, moving with the help of fins and breathing with gills)


grev

Al bakal kuando abashi
Yo serrado lo topí,
I si salgo a viajar
Una grev ay vo topar.

1998, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Mil i un Djoha, Matilda Koén-Sarano, page 7:

Down to the shopkeeper when I went, I found [out that he was] closed, and if I go on a trip, there’s a strike [that] I’m going to find.

En los Payizes‐Bashos, ande los primeros arrevatamientos empesaron en 1941, los ovreros sindikados de Amsterdam izieron grev kontra los arrestos i las deportasiones a Mauthausen.

2003, Richard Ayoun, translated by Prof. Haïm-Vidal Sephiha, Djudeo-espanyoles: Los Kaminos de Una Komunidad, Judéo-Espagnol a Auschwitz, page 63:

In the Netherlands, where the first roundups started in 1941, Amsterdam’s unionised workers went on strike against the arrests and deportations to Mauthausen.


favlante

favlante de espanyola


belediye

Borrowed from Arabic بَلَدِيَّة (baladiyya).


pelte

From Turkish pelte, originally from Ancient Greek πόλτος (póltos, “porridge made with flour”).


צדיק

lad-noun

צדיק m (Latin spelling sadik, plural צדיקים)


menorá

Borrowed from Hebrew מנורה (m'norá, “light, lamp, menorah”) (compare Arabic منارة (manāra, “lighthouse”)).

bor+

Meronym: hanukiya

Komo no avia elektrisitá, los mosos de boda devian akompanyar o ir delantre la novya, ke la yevavan a pye kon el chalgí tanyendo, kon una menorá de plata kon 5 parmachés.

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, קולות משאלוניקי היהודית, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 146:

As they had no electricity, the wedding's servants had to accompany or walk ahead of the bride, who were escorting her by foot with the playing orchestra, and with a silver menorah with five great candles.

(Judaism) menorah (seven-branch candelabrum)


loor

lad-noun

loor f (Hebrew spelling לואור, plural loores)

Inherited from Old Spanish loor (“praise”), from loar, laudar, from Latin laudāre (“to praise”).

inh+

Eia te envoca con palavras dulsis
Con cantes i loores¹) ke tu las mereses
Es ia tiempo ke de eia te entereses
Ajenos se empatronan de sus posesiones
Termine la aniada i sus maldisiones.

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 8:

It lifts you with sweet words, with songs and praises that you deserve, 'tis now time that it interest you; strangers seize its possessions. End the year and its curses.


fambre

lad-noun

fambre f (Hebrew spelling פﬞאמברי, plural fambres)

פﬞאמברי (Hebrew)
fambres (plural)
ambre (alternative)

From Old Spanish fambre, famne (compare Spanish hambre), from Vulgar Latin *fam(i)ne(m), from Latin famēs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰH- (“to disappear”).

der

Y quatro varones eran leproſas en entrada de la puerta: y dixeron cada uno a ſu cõpañero q̃ nos eﬅãtes aqui faſta q̃ muramos? Si dixermos entremos a la ciudad y la fambre en la ciudad y moriremos alli: y si eﬅuviermos aqui y moriremos: y agora andad y traſfuyamos a real de Arã si nos abiviguaren biviremos y si nos mataren moriremos. Y alevãtarõſe en la noche pa venir a real de Aram: y vinierõ faſta cabo de real de Arã y he no alli varon. Y A. fizo oyr a real de Arã ſonido de q̃tregua y ſonido de cavallo ſonido de exercito grãde: y dixerõ cada uno a ſu hermano he alquiloo ſobre nos rey de Yſrael a reyes de los Hitim: y a reyes de Egypto pa venir ſobre nos.

1553, Biblia de Ferrara, Second Book of Kings 7.3-6

And there were four lepers at the entrance of the gate: and they said one to another: what mean we staying here till we die? If we shall say let us enter the city and there is famine in the city we shall die there: and if we will stay here, we shall also die: so now ye go and let us flee across to the realm of Aram. If they revive us, we shall live and if they kill us, we shall die. So they arose in the evening to go to the realm of Aram: and they came to the edge of the realm of Aram, and behold, they found no man there. And the Lord made the realm of Aram to hear the sound of chariots and sound of horses and sound of a great army: and they said one to another, behold the king of Israel hath hired against us the kings of the Hittites and the kings of Egypt to come upon us.


remorso

Borrowed from Italian rimorso or Portuguese remorso.

Dunke esto, mostra komo KAYİN tuvo un remorso de no ser edúkado.

1996, Tiryaki: aylık gazete-dergi, numbers 18–19, Tiryaki, page 13:

As a result of this, it shows how Kayin regretted being uneducated.


ר׳

R., Reb, Rebbe, Rabbi, Rav, Rabbeinu (title)


djep

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish جیب (ceb, cep), from Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “pocket”). Second meaning from colloquial Turkish cep, short form of cep telefonu (“pocket phone”).

bor+

Este viejo ke tenia los vistidos rotos i suzios vino i se asento enfrente de Sarika, kito de su djep un jurnal amariyo kon manchas de azeyte i se metio a meldarlo sin darle importansa.

1992, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 45–48, page 58:

This old man wearing torn and dirty clothes came and sat down in front of Sarika, taking a yellow, oil-stained journal out of his pocket, and it was put down for reading without specifying its importance.

Metetelo al djep, ke te se tope.

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס: אגדות וסיפורי מוסר מן המסורת היהודית־ספרדית, נור, page 165:

Whatever is found by you, put it in your pocket.

(clothing) pocket (a bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items)

mobile phone
mobile phone#English:_Q17517

mobile phone (a portable telephone that connects with the telephone network over radio wave transmission)


fantazma

Inherited from Old Spanish fantasma (“ghost”), from Latin phantasma, from Ancient Greek φάντασμα (phántasma, “image; phantom”), from φαντάζω (phantázō, “to make visible”), from φαίνω (phaínō, “to cause to appear, bring to light”). Compare Sicilian fantàsimu (“dumb”).

der

Este es un kuento atado a una eksperiensa emosional sovrenatural, ke sea una eksperiensa emosional sovrenatural, ke sea una eksperiensa emosional relijioza personal, komo por exemplo un kuento sovre un santo sovrenatural o sovre un amahamiento mirakolozo, ke se trate de una eksperiensia emosional de un enkontro kon un ser sovrenatural o de un ser de otro mundo, komo un guerko o un fantazma.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 28:

This is an account connected to an emotional supernatural experience, whether it be an emotional supernatural experience, or a personal emotional religious experience, as for example an account about a supernatural saint or about a miracle cure, it is about an emotional experience from an encounter with a supernatural being or a being from another world, like a demon or a ghost.


menester

מיניסטיר (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish menester, mester, inherited from Latin ministerium, with an irregular loss of the expected final -o. Doublet of ministerio.

Para arebivir el Ladino en el siekolo 21 es menester profitar de lo dijital para dokumentar i ambezar esta lingua en perikolo de ekstinsyon.

In order to revive Ladino in the twenty first century it is necessary to take advantage of digital technology to document and learn this endangered language.

something necessary; requirement; must; necessity


abaxada

lad-noun

abaxada f (Hebrew spelling אבאשאדֿה, plural abaxadas)

אבאשאדֿה (Hebrew)
abaxadas (plural)
abashada (alternative)
abashade (alternative)
abachada (alternative)
abaşada (alternative)
אבאשאדֿה (alternative)
אבאשאדי (alternative)

Feminine form of abaxado, from the past participle of abaxar (“to go down”).

Está con abaxada.

(geomorphology) slope, descent, downward slope or declivity

En la vida ay abaxadas y suvidas.

setback, down, a negative aspect, pitfall


abashade

(Bulgaria, Bitola, Bucharest, Dupnitsa, Jerusalem, Pristina) Aki Yerushalayim spelling of abaxada

Bucharest; Jerusalem; Pristina; Bucharest; Jerusalem; Pristina


לינגוה

לינגוה f (Latin spelling lingua or lengua, plural לינגואס)

lingua (romanization)
lengua (romanization)
לינגואס (plural)
lingua (alternative)
lengua (alternative)


foyo

Inherited from Old Spanish foyo (“hole”). Cognate with Asturian fueyu, Galician foxo, Portuguese fojo.

inh+

El ke aze foyo para el d’enfrente, se kaye él arientro.

1995, Matilda Koén-Sarano, De Saragosa a Yerushaláyim: kuentos sefaradís, Ibercaja, →ISBN, page 177:

He who makes [a] hole for other people falls inside [of it].

Un día yo fui al kabiné (ke era un foyo en al tierra, un poko leshos de muestra kaza), i kual no fue mi orror, kuando lo vidi yeno de unos guzanos blankos enormes.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 78:

One day I was at the workroom (which was a pit in the earth a little ways from our house), and wasn't I scared when I saw it full of huge white worms.

los pulmones se pueden yamar el foyo; la garganta i las narizes, los tubos; la kavidad de la boka, el arko del aire; i las interiores diviziones de la boka, las teklas

The lungs can be called the bellows; the throat and the noses, tubes; the oral cavity the air arch; and the mouth's interior divisions, keys.


montanya

From Old Spanish montanna, from Early Medieval Latin montānia, a collective based on Latin montem.


alaha

La alaha es el kondjunto de las prinsipalas leyes djudias, el kualo inklui las 613 mitsvot i endemas las leyes de la Gemara i de muestros hahamim, ansina komo las tradisiones i kostumbres.

Halakha is the collection of Jewish legal principles, in which are included the 613 commandments and also the laws of the Gemara and of our Sages, as well as the traditions and customs.


kozina

Inherited from Old Spanish cozina, coçina, cosina (“kitchen”), from Late Latin cocīna, from earlier coquīna.

Las vedruras i frutas ke se topan en abondansia en Bulgaria enrikesieron la kozina djudia.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 77:

The fruits and vegetables found in abundance in Bulgaria enrich the Jewish kitchen.

kitchen (a room or area for preparing food)


meldar

מילדאר (Hebrew)
meldar (infinitive)
aver meldado (infinitive multiword-construction)
meldando (gerund)
aviendo meldado (gerund multiword-construction)
meldado (masculine participle past singular)
meldados (masculine participle past plural)
meldada (feminine participle past singular)
meldadas (feminine participle past plural)
meldo (indicative present singular)
meldas (indicative present singular)
melda (indicative present singular third-person)
meldamos (first-person indicative plural present)
meldáx (indicative plural present second-person)
meldan (indicative plural present third-person)
meldava (imperfect indicative singular)
meldavas (imperfect indicative singular)
meldava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
meldávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
meldavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
meldavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
meldí (indicative preterite singular)
meldates (indicative preterite singular)
meldó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
meldimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
meldatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
meldaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
meldaré (future indicative singular)
meldarás (future indicative singular)
meldará (future indicative singular third-person)
meldaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
meldaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
meldarán (future indicative plural third-person)
meldaría (conditional indicative singular)
meldarías (conditional indicative singular)
meldaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
meldaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
meldaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
meldarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
melde (present singular subjunctive)
meldes (present singular subjunctive)
melde (present singular subjunctive third-person)
meldemos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
meldéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
melden (plural present subjunctive third-person)
meldara (imperfect singular subjunctive)
meldaras (imperfect singular subjunctive)
meldara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
meldáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
meldarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
meldaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
melda (imperative positive singular)
meldad (imperative plural positive second-person)
no meldes (imperative negative singular)
no meldéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

Derived from Medieval Latin meletō, from Ancient Greek μελετάω (meletáō). Cognate with Catalan maldar (“to make an effort”).

ceremonial reading or religious study; particularly reading of memorial prayer for the dead

meldado

a religious ceremony for the soul of the dead


istorya

איסטורייה (Hebrew)


פלור

From Old Spanish flor, from Latin flōs, flōrem.


בילביליקו

בילביל בילביל#Ladino


בילביל

head

בילביל m (diminutive בילביליקו)


enterés

אינטיריס (Hebrew)
interes (alternative)
interés (alternative)
intereso (alternative)
enteres (alternative)
entereso (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin interesse. Cognate with Spanish interés.

Enkoražado por el enterés ke despyertavan estas predikasyones, yo kontinuí kon mas ardor i perseverensya i todo mi ser era absorbado, tomado por este lavoro.

(Can we date this quote?), David Fresco, edited by Christoph Herzog, Richard Wittmann, Istanbul – Kushta – Constantinople: Narratives of Identity in the Ottoman Capital, 1830–1930, Taylor & Francis, published 2018, →ISBN, page 96:

Encouraged by the interest that this preaching awakened, I continued with my passion and perseverance with every fibre of my being, taken by this work.


otomano

lad-noun

אָטאָמאַנאָס

otomano f (Hebrew spelling אָטאָמאַנאָס, plural otomanos)


fambres

פﬞאמבריס (Hebrew)


aroz

alternative spelling of arroz (Aki Yerushalayim, French and Turkish orthography spellings in non-trilled rhotic dialects; where "rr" is neutralised.)


ארוז

ארוז m (plural ארוזיס)


arroz tané

rice whose grains are quite distinct, clear and separate from one another, rice that doesn't become easily porridge.


arozal

alternative spelling of arrozal (Aki Yerushalayim, French and Turkish orthography spellings in dialects where "rr" is neutralised.)


ארוזאל

ארוזאל m (plural ארוזאליס)

ארוזאליס (plural)


arrozico

aroziko (alternative)
ארוזיקו (alternative)

(Salonikó) a very neat and very appetising rice dish


aroziko

alternative spelling of arrozico (Aki Yerushalayim, French and Turkish orthography spellings in dialects where "rr" is neutralised.)


פילה

פילה f (plural פילאס)


caxón

caxones (plural)
kashon (alternative)
kachon (alternative)
kaşon (alternative)
קאשון (alternative)

Ánde está la llave que estava en caxón?

Where is the key that was in the drawer?


kashon

Aki Yerushalayim orthography spelling of caxón


קאשון

קאשון m (plural קאשוניס)


caxonerío

caxonerío m (Hebrew spelling קאשוניריאו)

קאשוניריאו (Hebrew)
kashonerio (alternative)
kashoneriyo (alternative)
kashoniriyo (alternative)
kashoniriyu (alternative)
kachonerio (alternative)
kachoneriyo (alternative)
kachoniriyo (alternative)
kachoniriyu (alternative)
kaşoneriyo (alternative)
קאשוניריאו (alternative)

multitude of drawers (wherein one usually gets lost).


פילאףֿ

פילאףֿ m (plural פילאפֿיס)

פילאפֿיס (plural)


ארוזיס

ארוז ארוז#Ladino


פילאפֿיס

head

פילאפֿיס m pl

פילאףֿ פילאףֿ#Ladino


ארוזאליס

ארוזאליס m pl

ארוזאל ארוזאל#Ladino


פילאס

פילה פילה#Ladino


קאשוניס

קאשוניס m pl

קאשון קאשון#Ladino


umidita

Ma estos diyas, la mas grande partida de los filmos negativos estan en una negra situasyon en la umidita de un vyejo apartamento.

2018 November 21, Silvyo OVADYA, “Un fotografo modesto ma korajoso”, in Şalom:

But these days, the majority of the film negatives are in a bad situation in the dampness of an old apartment.


kriatura

From Latin creatūra (compare Spanish criatura).


movimyento

movimyentos (plural)
movimento (alternative)
movimiento (alternative)


מזוזות

מזוזה מזוזה#Ladino


investigasion

lad-noun

investigasion f (plural investigasiones)


sefaradi

sefaradi m (plural sefaradis or sefaradim)

sefaradis (plural)
sefaradim (plural)
Sefaradi (alternative)


pásharo

El pásharo boló

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, קורס לספרדית־יהודית (לאדינו) למתחילים, Merkaz Eliacher, Universidad Ben-Gurion en el Negev, page 74:


kamino

kamino m (Hebrew spelling קאמינו, plural kaminos)

קאמינו (Hebrew)
kaminos (plural)
camino (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish camino (“road”).

inh+

[…] tomo el kamino dela banka otomana, […]

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 277:

ya atorno; ma los diozes, parese, al kamino l'arretan.

(Can we date this quote?), “Odisea”, in Folkmasa:

[Somebody] already returned, but the gods, it seems, stop him on his path.


rizá

ריזה (Hebrew)
riza (alternative)
rida (alternative)
ridá (alternative)

Presumably from Ottoman Turkish رضا (rıza), from Arabic رِضًا (riḍan). The semantic transfer from 'consent' to 'handkerchief' may have something to do with the Ottoman sultan's custom of choosing one woman in a harem by giving her a handkerchief.

(Sarajevo)

En la mano tiene una rizá estrechada en el punyo i lo d’afuera komo una roza al derredor de la mano.

1998, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Mil i un Djoha, Matilda Koén-Sarano, page 14:

She has in hand a handkerchief crumpled in her fist and like a rose around the hand from outside.


parasha

From Hebrew פָּרָשָׁה (pārāšâ, “portion”).


chapín

lad-noun

chapín m (Hebrew spelling ג׳אפין, plural chapines)

ג׳אפין (Hebrew)
chapines (plural)
chapin (alternative)

Me disho: “Si tinías un kordoniko de chapín, pudías adovar la chanta’.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 434:

[Somebody] told me, ‘If you had a shoelace, you could fix the bag.’

Levantí los brazos komo para kitar la ropa ke se balanceaba en la kayentor del sol. Me agarraron de los talones desnudos de los pieses i juntaron mis partesikas en una sábana. De los talones desnudos me agarraron, de los pieses sin chapines, eshkapados, komo los de mi padre.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 197:

I lifted my arms so as to remove my clothes that were swinging in the sun’s heat. They covered me from my feet’s naked heels and they bound my little parts together in a bedsheet. They completely covered my shoeless feet’s naked heels, like my father’s.

(Izmir, footwear) shoe (a protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)


mandamiento

mandamiento m (Hebrew spelling מאנדאמיינטו)

מאנדאמיינטו (Hebrew)
mandamyento (alternative)

En kuanto a los muzulmanos, segun el mandamiento de sus relijion, eyos konsideran todos sus bienes komo patrimonio del Dio.

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 13:

As for the Muslims, following their faith’s commandment, they consider all of their goods as God’s property.

Kualos son los tredje? Tredje ermanos kon Dina, dodje ermanos kon Yosef, onze ermanos sin Yosef, diez mandamientos de la Ley, mueve mezes de la prenyada, ocho dias de mila, siete dias kon el shabat, sesh dias de la semana […]

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 51:

What are the thirteen? Thirteen siblings with Dina, twelve with Yosef, eleven without him, ten commandments, nine months of pregnancy, eight days for circumcision, seven with Shabbat, [and] six days of the week.


arvol

Se yamo este livro Tsits Refua porke al modo de el tsits es una nada legabe de el arvol, kon todo tiene en su fuersa i es kolel un arvol entero kon sus flores i frutos, ansi este livro aunke es una nada legabe de la hohma de la dotoria, kon todo, meldandolo i entendiendolo bien se topa ke es kolel toda la hohma.

1989, Aki Yerushalayim, volume 10, number 40, page 30:

This book is called Calico Treatment because calico’s way is nothing compared to the tree’s, with everything in its power, and an entire tree is a collection with flowers and fruits, thus while this book is nothing compared to doctorhood’s wisdom, despite everything, reading it and understanding it well it is found to be a collection of all wisdom.


komparizon

Borrowed from French comparison. Compare the inherited doublet komparasion, from Old Spanish comparaçion and comparacion.

en komparizon a

en komparizon kon


kapasidad

From Old Spanish capaçidad (“capacity”).

kapachedad (alternative)
kapachitad (alternative)


shena

From Old Spanish scena, sçena (“scene”).


elektrisita

איליקטריסיטה

elektrisitá f (Hebrew spelling איליקטריסיטה)

elektrisitá (canonical feminine)
איליקטריסיטה (Hebrew)
eletrisitá (alternative)

From French électricité (“electricity”). (The -a was probably added to make it more consistent with other feminine nouns.)


esklavo

איסקלאב׳ו (Hebrew)


idolatría

idolatría f (Hebrew spelling אידולאטריאה)

אידולאטריאה (Hebrew)

Una de eyas es ke ay en la fotografía un poko de idolatría, koza ke es defendida sigún el Djudaízmo.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 364:

One of these is that there is a little bit of idolatry in photography, something that is prohibited according to Judaism.


אבאשאדי

(Bitola, Dupnitsa, Pristina) Hebrew spelling of abaxada


alay

I topi un alay de DVDs ande la mas grande partida son reportajes o DVD’s ande se konta o se avla de syertos sujetos sovre los Djudios i spesialmente sovre los Djudios turkanos.

2020 April 8, Silvyo OVADYA, “Estando en Kaza”, in Şalom:

And I found an array of DVDs which for the most part are either reports or DVDs where certain subjects about Jews are told or talked about, especially about Turkish Jews.


mayorana

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual


פריסונה

Inherited from Old Spanish presona, from Latin persōna.

פירסונה פירסונה#Ladino


sikia

Esto viendo ke no tienes ni ambre ni sikia; tienes mujer i madre ke te keren i te kudian.

1979, Kamelia Shahar, “La verdadera felisidad”, in Aki Yerushalayim, number 1, page 5:

I'm seeing that you have neither hunger nor thirst; you have a wife and a mother who love you and care for you.


bienaventurado

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו

bienaventurado m (Hebrew spelling ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו, plural bienaventurados)

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו (Hebrew)
bienaventurados (plural)
byenaventurádo (alternative)

A hybrid of byén, bien (“good”) + ventura (“fortune”) from Old Spanish, likely via a Vulgar Latin *bonaventuratus (“fortunate”), from Latin bonus, bona (“good”) + Latin ventūra (“things to come”).


bienaventurados

lad-noun

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס

bienaventurados m pl (Hebrew spelling ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס)

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס (Hebrew)


aderesso

El aderesso de Yosef es la caleja Arlózorov 12, Tel Aviv.

Yosef's address is 12 Arlozorov Street, Tel Aviv.


ensiklopedya

Dezde el 1910 sinyor Rozanes fue el korespondiente por el Oriente de la grande ensiklopedya djudia Otser Yisrael⁶³⁴ de Nyu York.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 364:

Since 1910 Mister Rozanes was the Eastern corespondent for New York's great Jewish encyclopedia Otser Yisrael.


manya

From Portuguese manha, from Old Galician-Portuguese manna, from Vulgar Latin *mania (“manual skill or ability”), from Latin manus (“hand”).


konserto

Me demando: de ke no azesh este konserto en Estanbol. Es mas kolay de ir i vinir.

2019 May 22, Silvio & Eyal Ovadya, “Un evenimyento, una dicha/un proverbo”, in Şalom:

She asked me: why don't you do this concert in Istanbul. It's easier to go and come.


merçed

lad-noun

merçed f (Hebrew spelling מירצידﬞ, plural merçedes)

מירצידﬞ (Hebrew)
merçedes (plural)
merced (alternative dialectal modern)

From Old Spanish merced, from Latin mercēdem, accusative singular of mercēs (“pay, wage, reward”), from Latin merx (“merchandise”).

לוארי טו נומברי פור טו מירצידﬞ אי פור טו בﬞירדאדﬞ.

Loare tu nombre por tu merçed y por tu verdad.

I shall praise your name for your mercy and for your truth.


merçedes

merçedes f pl (Hebrew spelling מירצידﬞיס)

מירצידﬞיס (Hebrew)


putana

From Old Spanish putana, from Old French putain.


mélej

Borrowed from Hebrew מלך (mélekh), from Proto-Semitic *malk-.


tocẖabim

Borrowed from Hebrew תושבים (toshavim), plural of תושב (toshav, “native”).

(Haketia) native Moroccan Jews (as opposed to those expelled from Spain)


presona

El Dyo mos dyo este día i lo apartó por desbarazar muestro meoyo de todo modo de intereso de presonas, i aplikar sus eĉas i konoser sus grandes maraƀías kuryozas, i akodrarmos ke en sex días kreó el Dyo este mundo i lo renoƀó de la nada.

1979, Isaac ben Michael Badhav, Ana María Riaño López, Un tratado sefardí de moral, Ameller, →ISBN, page 94:

God gave us this day and put it aside by clearing our mind of every person's way of interest, and doing His work and learning His great and wonderful miracles, and we shall remember that He created this world in six days and restored it ex nihilo.


almorzo

Inherited from Old Spanish almorzo (“breakfast”).

inh+

Es klaro ke los Djidios, ke eran bienfazidores i djenerozos, non tuvieron mucho gusto de ver ke un haham suyo biviera komo un perro, tiniendo solamente loke ya komyo - i munka saviendo loke sera su almorzo vinien.

1999, Eliezer Papo, La megila de Saray, E. Papo, page 44:

It is clear that the Jews, who were benevolent and generous, haven’t much pleasure in seeing one of their rabbis living like a dog, having only that which he already ate — and never knowing that which shall be his next square meal.


kosmopolito

lad-noun

kosmopolito m (Hebrew spelling קוסמופוליטו, plural kosmopolitos)

קוסמופוליטו (Hebrew)
kosmopolitos (plural)
cosmopolito (alternative)

From Latin cosmopolītēs borrowed from Koine Greek κοσμοπολίτης (kosmopolítēs, “citizen of the world”), from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “world”) + πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”).

bor

κοσμοπολίτης


meshkita

meshkitas (plural)
mishkita (alternative)

From Andalusian Arabic [Term?], from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid, “mosque”, literally “place of prostration”), from the verbal root سَجَدَ (sajada, “to prostrate, bow down”). Cognate with Spanish mezquita.

der

3 semanas antes, en el 15 de Marso egzaktamente, afito un atako kontra dos meshkitas en Christchurch.

2019 April 3, Metin DELEVİ, “Djudios en Christchurch i en la Mueva Zelanda?”, in Şalom:

3 weeks ago, on the 15th of March to be exact, there was an attack on two mosques in Christchurch.


sarsicha

Borrowed from Italian salsiccia, from Late Latin [farta] salsīcia, ultimately from Latin salsus (“salted”).

Todos los ke vinieron pudieron komer ligado d’Andirne (Edirne Ciğeri) mizmo kasher, albondigas (koftes) i sarsicha (sucuk) kon salatas.

All who came cold eat Edirne liver even kosher, meatballs (koftas) and sausage (soudjouk) with salads.


moendiz

From Turkish mühendis, from Arabic مُهَنْدِس (muhandis).


hanum

From Ottoman Turkish خانم (hanım, “lady”). Cognate with Turkish hanım.

sweety, dear (term of endearment for a woman)


mushteri

From Ottoman Turkish مشتری, from Arabic مُشْتَرٍ (muštarin).


aldikera

lad-noun

aldikera f (Hebrew spelling אלדיקירה, plural aldikeras)

Inherited from Old Spanish faldica, diminutive of falda.

La yave tengo en la aldikera, tomala i avre la puerta.

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 182:

I have the key in the pocket; I take it out and open the door.

pocket (a bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items)


faldukera

From Old Spanish falduca, diminutive of falda.


findjan

פ׳ינג׳אן (Hebrew)
fildjan (alternative)
findján (alternative)
fuldjan (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فنجان (fincan), from Arabic فِنْجَان (finjān), from Persian پنگان.

bor+

cup (a concave vessel for drinking, usually made of opaque material (as opposed to a glass) and with a handle)

Despues me ordenava mi madre de kozer el kave i para la Tia Estambolia avia ke meterle un poko kaymak en el findjan, koza ke no se azia para ningun otro.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 509:

Then my mother told me to cook the coffee, and for Aunt Estambolia I had to put a little whipped cream in the coffee cup, something that would not be done for anybody else.

small, usually porcelain cup traditionally for Turkish coffee


siedra

A la derecha, el vise prezidente, Moshe Shaul
A la siedra, el direktor de la Autoridad, Aaron Koen.

1997, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 56–58, page 6:

To the right, vice-president Moshe Shaul. To the left, the authority’s director, Aaron Koen.


prezidente

prezidénte (canonical)
פריזידינטי (Hebrew)
presidénte (alternative)


keruvim

From Hebrew קרובים, plural of קרוב (“relative”).

bor

Hebrew קרובים


sadik

lad-noun

sadik m (Hebrew spelling צדיק, plural sadikim)


צדיקים

צדיק צדיק#Ladino


sadikero

sadikero m (plural sadikeros, feminine sadikera, feminine plural sadikeras)

sadikeros (plural)
sadikera (feminine)
sadikeras (feminine plural)


djustidad

ג׳ושטידאד (Hebrew)


bivez

bivo + -ez. Comparable to Spanish viveza


djudeo-espanyol

Judeo-Spanish (the language also known as Ladino)


סיב׳דאד

סיב׳דאד f (Latin spelling sivdad, plural סיב׳דאדיס)

sivdad (romanization)
סיב׳דאדיס (plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish cibdat, from Latin cīvitātem. Compare Modern Spanish ciudad.


mortaldad

From Old Spanish mortaldat, from Latin mortālitās (“mortality”).


kirendj

Borrowed from Turkish kireç, from Ottoman Turkish كیرچ (kireç).


jenitor

jenitor m (Hebrew spelling זﬞיניטור, plural jenitores or ז׳יניטוריס)

זﬞיניטור (Hebrew)
jenitores (plural)
ז׳יניטוריס (plural)


jenitores

jenitores m pl (Hebrew spelling זﬞיניטוריס)

זﬞיניטוריס (Hebrew)


ladronisyo

ladronisyo m (Hebrew spelling לאדרוניסייו, plural ladronisyos)

לאדרוניסייו (Hebrew)
ladronisyos (plural)


jyovintud

jyovintud f (Hebrew spelling גﬞובﬞינטוד)

גﬞובﬞינטוד (Hebrew)

From Italian gioventù, apocope of Old Italian gioventude, ultimately from Latin juventūs, juventūtis.


גﬞובﬞינטוד

From Italian gioventù, apocope of Old Italian gioventude, ultimately from Latin iuventūs.


זﬞיניטור

זﬞיניטור m (Latin spelling jenitor, plural זﬞיניטוריס or jenitores)

jenitor (romanization)
זﬞיניטוריס (plural)
jenitores (plural)


זﬞיניטוריס

זﬞיניטוריס m pl (Latin spelling jenitores)

זﬞיניטור זﬞיניטור#Ladino

plural of זﬞיניטור


מירסידﬞ

מירסידﬞ f (Latin spelling merced, plural מירסידﬞיס)

merced (romanization)
מירסידﬞיס (plural)
מירצידﬞ (alternative dialectal traditional)

From Old Spanish merced, from Latin mercēdem, accusative singular of mercēs (“pay, wage, reward”), from Latin merx (“merchandise”).

לוארי טו נומברי פור טו מירסידﬞ אי פור טו בﬞירדאדﬞ.

Loare tu nombre por tu merced y por tu verdad.


מירסידﬞיס

מירסידﬞיס f pl (Latin spelling mercedes)

מירסידﬞ מירסידﬞ#Ladino


בﬞירדאדﬞ

בﬞירדאדﬞ f (Latin spelling verdad, plural בﬞירדאדﬞיס)

verdad (romanization)
בﬞירדאדﬞיס (plural)


בﬞירדאדﬞיס

בﬞירדאדﬞיס f pl (Latin spelling verdades)

בﬞירדאדﬞ בﬞירדאדﬞ#Ladino

plural of בﬞירדאדﬞ


מילדאר

From Medieval Latin meletō, from Ancient Greek μελετάω (meletáō). Cognate with Catalan maldar (“to make an effort”).

מילדאדו

a religious ceremony for the soul of the dead


ארפה

ארפה f (Latin spelling arpa, plural ארפאס)

From Late Latin harpa, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ.

אי טי לוארי קון לה ארפה ,דייו מי דייו.

And I shall praise you upon the harp, God, my God.


ארפאס

ארפה ארפה#Ladino


ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו m (Latin spelling byenaventurádo, plural ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס)

byenaventurádo (romanization)
ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞוס (plural)
bienaventurado (alternative)

byén (“good”) + ventura (“fortune”) from Old Spanish, from Latin bonus, bona (“good”) + Latin ventūra (“things to come”).


byenaventurádo

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו

byenaventurádo m (Hebrew spelling ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו, plural byenaventurádos)

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו (Hebrew)
byenaventurádos (plural)


קונסיזﬞו

קונסיזﬞו m (Latin spelling konsejo, plural קונסיזﬞוס)

konsejo (romanization)
קונסיזﬞוס (plural)

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו איל בﬞארון קי נון אנדה אין קונסיזﬞו די מאלוס.

Byenaventurádo el varon que non anda en konsejo de malos.

Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked.


konsejo

konsejo m (Hebrew spelling קונסיזﬞו, plural konsejos)


קונסיזﬞוס

קונסיזﬞוס m pl (Latin spelling konsejos)

קונסיזﬞו קונסיזﬞו#Ladino

plural of קונסיזﬞו


konsejos

konsejos m pl (Hebrew spelling קונסיזﬞוס)

קונסיזﬞוס (Hebrew)


lonso

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *orssos
Latin ursus
Ladino lonso
Inherited from Latin ursus, from Proto-Italic *orssos. Compare Aragonese onso.


maale

maále (canonical feminine)
male (alternative)
mallé (alternative)
mahala (alternative)

From Ottoman Turkish محله (mahalle), from Arabic محلَّة (maḥalla).

La maale de los djudyos se topa en el sentro de la sivdad vyeja, toda la kaleja golyendo al miskle de flores, las plasas kon las pisinas, los arvoles de portokales kon los kortijos finos avyertos para ke los turistos vijiten.

2019, Şeli GAON, “Viyaje A Andalusia - 2”, in Şalom:

The Jewish district is found in the center of the old city, the whole street smelling of a mixture of flowers, the plazas with the swimming pools, the orange trees with the fine open patios for the tourists to visit.


מירצידﬞ

lad-noun

מירצידﬞ f (Latin spelling merçed, plural מירצידﬞיס)

merçed (romanization)
מירצידﬞיס (plural)
מירסידﬞ (alternative dialectal modern)


מירצידﬞיס

מירצידﬞיס f pl (Latin spelling merçedes)

מירצידﬞ מירצידﬞ#Ladino


Rosh Ashana

Rosh Ashaná m (Hebrew spelling ראש השנה)

Rosh Ashaná (canonical masculine)
ראש השנה (Hebrew)
Roshaná (alternative)
Rushana (alternative)

bor+

רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה


מאדֿרוגאדֿא

lad-noun

מאדֿרוגאדֿאס

מאדֿרוגאדֿא f (Latin spelling madrugada, plural מאדֿרוגאדֿאס)

madrugada (romanization)
מאדֿרוגאדֿאס (plural)

אירה אונה די אקילייאס מאדֿרוגאדֿאס פֿריסקאס אי טיירנאס אין איל מיס די סיפטימברי, אינטרי ראש השנה אי יום כפור.

1910, Ben Yitzhak Saserdoti, Refael i Miriam, page 3:

It was one of those fresh, tender early mornings in the month of September, between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.


מילייארדה

מילייארדה f (Latin spelling milyarda, plural מילייארדאס)

milyarda (romanization)
מילייארדאס (plural)

מילייארדאס די איסטרילייאס רילומבראבֿאן איינדה אין איל פירמאמינטו

Billions of stars were still shining in the firmament

Milyardas de estrelyas relumbravan ainda en el firmamento


milyarda

milyarda f (Hebrew spelling מילייארדה, plural milyardas)

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian milijarda, from French milliard.

Mas de una milyarda de personas estan ambyertas.

2014, Şeli GAON, “La solidaridad”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

More than a billion people are going hungry.


פירמאמינטו

פירמאמינטו m (Latin spelling firmamento)


galut

galút (canonical masculine)
גלות (Hebrew)


guzma

guzmá (canonical feminine)
גזמה (Hebrew)

From Hebrew גוזמה (“exaggeration, hyperbole”).


guzmadji

a person prone to exaggeration or embellishment


antisemitizmo

lad-noun

אנטיסימיטיזמו

antisemitizmo m (Hebrew spelling אנטיסימיטיזמו)

אנטיסימיטיזמו (Hebrew)
antisemitismo (alternative)

Kritikar Israel no es el antisemitizmo.

2018 February 7, Dora Niyego, “El Antisemitizmo De Oy”, in Şalom:


prejudizio

El antisemitizmo es un prejudizio, komo un virus.

Antisemitism is a prejudice, like a virus.


aktivizmo

Ija de imigrantes djudios rusos ke aviyan sufriyido del aborresimyento i del antisemitizmo, se sintyo ke el aktivizmo sovre este sujeto era su dever.

2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, in Şalom:

The daughter of Russian Jewish immigrants who had suffered from hatred and from antisemitism, she felt that activism on this subject was her duty.


rasizmo

Devemos de saver ke el antisemitizmo es una de las formas ekstremas del rasizmo ma ay otras formas de rasizmo i devemos de luchar kon todo modo forma del rasizmo.

We must know that antisemitism is one of the extreme forms of racism, but there are other forms of racism and we must fight every form of racism.


קוסמופוליטו

קוסמופוליטוס

קוסמופוליטו m (Latin spelling kosmopolito, plural קוסמופוליטוס)

kosmopolito (romanization)
קוסמופוליטוס (plural)
cosmopolito (alternative)

From Latin cosmopolītēs borrowed from Koine Greek κοσμοπολίτης (kosmopolítēs, “citizen of the world”), from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “world”) + πολίτης (polítēs, “citizen”).

bor

κοσμοπολίτης


kosmopolitos

lad-noun

קוסמופוליטוס

kosmopolitos m pl (Hebrew spelling קוסמופוליטוס)

קוסמופוליטוס (Hebrew)
cosmopolitos (alternative)


קוסמופוליטוס

קוסמופוליטוס m pl (Latin spelling kosmopolitos)

קוסמופוליטו קוסמופוליטו#Ladino

plural of קוסמופוליטו


cosmopolito

cosmopolito m (Hebrew spelling קוסמופוליטו, plural cosmopolitos)

קוסמופוליטו (Hebrew)
cosmopolitos (plural)


cosmopolitos

קוסמופוליטוס

cosmopolitos m pl (Hebrew spelling קוסמופוליטוס)

קוסמופוליטוס (Hebrew)


rubisa

rubisa f (Hebrew spelling רוביסה, plural rubisas)

(Judaism) A hakham's wife; a Sephardic rebbetzin.


Olokosto

Un milion i medio de kreaturas fueron asasinados en el Olokosto.

2018 January 17, Dora NİYEGO, “Nunka Te Olvides”, in Şalom:

One and a half million children were murdered in the Holocaust.


avtaha

bor

Hebrew אַבְטָחָה


djudaizmo

Malgrado su simplisidad, el Meam Loez es un livro bazado sovre una rika i serioze dokumentasion, ke inkluye a todas las prinsipales ovras de baza del djudaizmo.

1979 July, “Meam Lopez: Ensiklopedia Relijioza del Djudaizmo Sefaradi”, in Aki Yerushalayim, archived from the original on 2020-12-03, page 20:

Despite its simplicity, the Meam Loez is a book based on a rich and serious documentation, which includes all the basic working principles of Judaism.


arkaizmo

La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XV ma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy.

1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, in Aki Yerushalayim, archived from the original on 2020-12-03, page 11:

The first of these is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th century but which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.


kamisa

From Old Spanish camisa, from Late Latin camisia, from Transalpine Gaulish, of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją (“shirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱam- (“cover, clothes”).