puerko

lad-noun

puerko m (Hebrew spelling פואירקו, plural puerkos, feminine puerka)

פואירקו (Hebrew)
puerkos (plural)
puerka (feminine)
puerco (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish puerco (“swine”), from Latin porcus, from Proto-Italic *porkos, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos (“young swine; young pig”).

inh

Durante la gerra, kuando estávamos en Mombaroccio, el papá refuzó siempre de komer karne de puerko i de bestias muertas.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 78:

During the war, when we were in Mombaroccio, dad always refused to eat meat from pigs and dead animals.

(countable) pig (any of several mammalian species of the genus Sus or the family Suidae, having cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus)


איגזירסיטו

lad-noun

איגזירסיטו m (Latin spelling exército, plural איגזירסיטוס)

exército (romanization)
איגזירסיטוס (plural)


איגזירסיטוס

איגזירסיטוס m pl (Latin spelling exércitos)

איגזירסיטו איגזירסיטו#Ladino

plural of איגזירסיטו (“army, host, multitude of soldiers”)


פﬞאמברי

פﬞאמברי f (Latin spelling fambre, plural פﬞאמבריס)

fambre (romanization)
פﬞאמבריס (plural)
אמברי (alternative)

From Old Spanish fambre, famne (compare Spanish hambre), from Vulgar Latin *fam(i)ne(m), from Latin famēs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰH- (“to disappear”).


פﬞאמבריס

פﬞאמברי פﬞאמברי#Ladino


גירוש

lad-noun

גירוש m (Latin spelling gerush, plural גירושים)


travajo

travajo m (Hebrew spelling טראבﬞאזﬞו, plural travajos)

טראבﬞאזﬞו (Hebrew)
travajos (plural)
trabajo (alternative)

Deverbal from travajar (“to work”), from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre (“to torment”), from Late Latin tripālium (“torture device”). Compare Spanish trabajo < trabajar.

travajador

טראבﬞאזﬞאדﬞור

en todo travajo ay provecho

exhausting exertion, hard work, labor, toil, travail, weariness


travajos

travajos m pl (Hebrew spelling טראבﬞאזﬞוס)

טראבﬞאזﬞוס (Hebrew)

plural of travajo (“work, job; creation, making, production; labor, effort; toil, weariness, travail”)


טראבﬞאזﬞו

טראבﬞאזﬞו m (Latin spelling travajo, plural טראבﬞאזﬞוס)

travajo (romanization)
טראבﬞאזﬞוס (plural)
טראבאזﬞו (alternative)


טראבﬞאזﬞוס

טראבﬞאזﬞוס m pl (Latin spelling travajos)

טרא‧בﬞא‧זﬞוס

טראבﬞאזﬞו טראבﬞאזﬞו#Ladino

plural of טראבﬞאזﬞו (“work, job; creation, making, production; labor, effort; toil, weariness, travail”)


puevlo

Inherited from Old Spanish pueblo, from Latin populus (“people; nation”), from Proto-Italic *poplos (“army”).

Coordinate term: djente

En konkluzión podemos dizir ke através las enfluensas kulinarias i linguístikas resiprokas entre las varias kuzinas en el tiempo, es posible rekonstruir las fazas de istoria de los puevlos.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 74:

In conclusion, we can say that through the reciprocal linguistic and culinary influences between the various cuisines of the time, it is possible to reconstruct the peoples’ phases of history.


muzher

muzher f (Hebrew spelling מוּז׳יר, plural mujeres)


perikolo

From Italian pericolo, ultimately borrowed from Latin perīculum.


kavayo

Inherited from Old Spanish cavallo, cavalo, caballo, from Late Latin caballus (“horse”), from Latin caballus (“pack horse”), of disputed origin.

Coordinate term: yegua

Mi padre sigió el konsejo del kadí i en un punto saltó sovre el kavayo, le dio una kon el zingí , i el kavayo se empesó a bolar.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 47:

My father followed the Qadi's advice and at one point he left by horse; [somebody] gave him one with the stirrup, and the horse started to flee.


kézo

From Old Spanish queso, from Latin cāseus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kwat- (“to ferment”).


almodrote

Derived from Arabic المَطْرُوق (al-maṭrūq, “hammered”), also related to Latin moretum

Turkish Sephardic gratin-like casserole of eggs, vegetables, and cheese, most commonly featuring eggplant.


validja

From Italian valigia, from Late Latin valisia. Related to French valise and Spanish valija, though it is unclear if either term was borrowed from the other.


mansevez

youth (stage of life following childhood)


agranada

From Old Spanish granada, from Latin (mālum) granātum (literally “apple with many seeds”).

En esta fiesta de Las Frutas i siempre, "mos muchiguaremos komo granos de agranada" i kada uno biva “debasho de su vinya i su igera.”

2008 January 9, Rachel Amado BORTNICK, “Frutas i Plantas komo Metaforas en Djudeo-Espanyol”, in Şalom:

In this festival of Tu BiShvat and always, "we will multiply like grains of pomegranate" and each one lives "under their vine and their fig tree."


חראגֿ

tax (specifically a tax paid by non-Muslims [reaya] in the Ottoman Empire)


marafet

מאראפ׳יט (Hebrew)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish معرفت (marifet, marıfet), from Arabic مَعْرِفَة (maʕrifa).

bor+

Ke me estas dizyendo, ijika ? Ke marafet muevo es esto ?

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 17:

What are you saying, little girl? What new marvel is this?

marvel; wonder (skillfully crafted beauty)


lehli

From Ottoman Turkish لهلی (lehli, “Polish”), from له (leh, “Poland”), from Lech, the legendary founder of Poland.


oido

אואידו (Hebrew)
oído (alternative)
oydo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish oido (“ear; hearing”).

inh+

Kuando uno avla, serra la boka, y avre los oidos.

1996, Hank Halio, Ladino Reveries: Tales of the Sephardic Experience in America, Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture, →ISBN, page 29:

When someone speaks, close your mouth, and open your ears.

BOHOR: Bweno, no las sintyeras tu.
DJAMILA: Ke me tapara los oidos?

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, Voices from Jewish Salonika, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 383:

BOHOR: Well, you yourself won’t hear them.
DJAMILA: What will block my ears?

(countable) ear (the organ of hearing, consisting of the pinna or auricle, auditory canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes and cochlea)

[…] kon el ayudo de los organos en la kara del ombre: el ojo — organo de vizion, la oreja para el oido, la nariz para el guezmo i la alguenga para la savor.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 64:

With the help of man’s face’s organs: the eye — organ of seeing, the ear for hearing, the nose for smelling and the tongue for tasting.


mierkoles

aljhad · lunes · martes · mierkoles · djueves · viernes · shabat [edit]


mupak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish (Turkish mutfak), originally from Arabic مَطْبَخ (maṭbaḵ, “kitchen”).


yurek

From Ottoman Turkish یورك (yürek), from Old Turkic [script needed] (yürek) , from Proto-Turkic *yürek, *yür- (“heart; courage”).
May be related to Proto-Mongolic *ǰirüken (“heart”). Cognate with Turkish yürek, Azerbaijani ürək.


guerko

From Old Spanish huerco (“Hell; the Devil”), from Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”). Cognate with English ogre and orc.

inh

uerko (alternative)
huerco (alternative)


marjina

From Italian margine, from Latin marginem, accusative of margō, from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵs (“edge, boundary, border”).


meana

From Turkish meyhane, from Persian میخانه (meyxâne), compound of Persian می (may, “wine”) and Persian خانه (xâne, “house”).


palikar

From Greek παλικάρι (palikári), from Koine Greek παλικάριν (palikárin), diminutive of Ancient Greek πάλλαξ (pállax).

strapping young man, especially one who is strong and brave


kuturu

From Greek κουτουρού (koutouroú), from Turkish götürü.

a pile of mismatched, less valued objects, of overripe fruit, of mixed leftovers


fasaria

From Greek φασαρία (fasaría, “unwanted noise”) from Italian fesseria (“stupidity, nonsense”).

a fuss, to-do, agitation, bustle (making a great show of the difficulty of the work one is undertaking)


djudia

In la vintana di una kaza si aparo una djudia mirandu ken esta abašandu la kaleža.

1994, Isak Papo, Collection of Sephardim stories from Sarajevo, Logos, →ISBN, page 76:

In one house’s window a Jewess appeared, watching who is going down the street.


mintirozo

lad-noun

mintirozo m (plural mintirozos, feminine mintiroza)

mintirozos (plural)
mintiroza (feminine)
mentirozo (alternative)


mentirozo

mentirozo (plural mentirozos, feminine mentiroza)

mentirozos (plural)
mentiroza (feminine)
mintirozo (alternative)


luvia

Inherited from Old Spanish lluvia, luvia (“rain”). Cognate with Spanish lluvia.

La luvia kaye
I en mis ojos se moja mi alma
Kayendo vó tambyén en la melankolía
De rekodrar momentos sin bivir
Sonrizas sin riyir
Lugares onde nunka me vó topar.

2008, Matilda Gini Barnatán, Viviana Rajel Barnatán, Darío Meta Barnatán, La ija i la madre komo la unya i la karne, Ibersaf Editores, →ISBN, page 47:

The rain falls, and in my eyes my soul becomes wet, I am falling as well into melancholia, from remembering moments without living, smiles without laughing, places where I am never going to find myself.

(meteorology) rain (condensed water falling from a cloud)


abazur

Borrowed from Greek αμπαζούρ (ampazoúr), from French abat-jour.

abajur (alternative)
abajú (alternative)
abadjú (alternative)


kolcha

Aki Yerushalayim orthography spelling of colcha


קולג׳ה

קולג׳ה f (plural קולג׳אס)


קולג׳אס

head

קולג׳אס f pl

קולג׳ה קולג׳ה#Ladino


kolche

Aki Yerushalayim spelling of colcha used in Kosovo, North Macedonia, Old Yishuv of Jerusalem, West Bulgaria and Ruse.


koltche

French orthography spelling of colcha used in Kosovo, North Macedonia, Old Yishuv of Jerusalem, West Bulgaria and Ruse.


komida

Te agrada el paíz i la komida?

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 349:


shudula

From Arabic شُهُودُ اللّٰه (šuhūdu allāh, literally “witness(es) of God”). It is the name of a type of Sufi dervish.

der

شُهُودُ اللّٰه

shudulla (alternative)
shudullah (alternative)

Un loko, un bovo i un shudula.

A crazy one, a stupid one and a worthless person.


kombidado

lad-noun

kombidado m or f (Hebrew spelling קומבידאדו)

קומבידאדו (Hebrew)
konbidado (alternative)

La kostumbre kyeria ke la famiya del novyo i sus kombidados, fueran servidos por los de la novya.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 47:

Tradition dictated that the groom's family and their guests be served by the bride's.


patlak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاتلاق (patlak, “a place where a thing has burst, burst, torn open”). See Turkish patlak for more.

bor+

En supito, en esta notche del 28 avril 1903 un patlak arrebuelvyo la kayades nokturna.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 184:

Then suddenly, on this night of April 28, 1903, an explosion shook the nightly silence.


azlaha

bor

Hebrew הַצְלָחָה

Ke tenga muncha azlaha en tu vida i en la otra.

May you have much success in this life and the next.

Yo le dire: "Aki esta el ultimo de los ke dizen ke aboltaron de aya, ama ke nunka aboltaron. Tomalo a Tu derecha. Metelo mas alto de kualkier otro porke pago un dasio enorme a la krueldad umana, i ke estos kuantos anyos de azlaha en sus echos nada son frente a los yisurin somportados por este Iyov de los tiempos modernos."

2003, Nuestra memoria, numbers 22–24, Fundación Memoria del Holocausto, page 29:

I shall tell him, ‘Here is the last of those who say that they returned therefrom, yet they never returned. Stand him on your right side. Put him above everybody else since he paid an enormous tax to human cruelty, and these many years of success in their works are nothing [compared] to the sufferings endured by this one, Iyov, in modern times.’


באייראק

lad-noun

באייראק m (Latin spelling bayrak, plural באייראקיס)

bayrak (romanization)
באייראקיס (plural)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بیراق (bayrak), from Proto-Turkic *badrak.

bor+

אי איזו מיטיר באייראקיס אין לאס קאליס די לה סיבﬞדאד

1863 [1673], Joseph ben Isaac Sambari, ספר סיפור מלכי עותמאנג׳יק [Book of the History of the Ottoman Kings], Constantinople, translation of Sefer Divrei Yosef (in Hebrew), page 6v:

[…] and [he] had flags put up in the streets of the city […]

[…] i izo meter bayrakes en las kales de la sivdad […]

אי דייו סובﬞרי אונו די אילייוס קורונה די ריינו אי ּּּבאייראק פינדון די שולטן סילים

1863 [1673], Joseph ben Isaac Sambari, ספר סיפור מלכי עותמאנג׳יק [Book of the History of the Ottoman Kings], Constantinople, translation of Sefer Divrei Yosef (in Hebrew), page 14r:

[…] and gave to one of them [a] king's crown and [a] flag, [the] banner of Sultan Selim […]

[…] i dio sovre uno de eyos korona de reyno i bayrak[,] pendon de sultan Selim […]


ארנאאוט

arnaut (romanization)
ארנאאוד (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آرناود (arnaud), from Ancient Greek Ἀρβανίτης (Arbanítēs).

איל ארנאאוט סי אסירקו אל מומינטו.

1934 June 1, La Vara, number 614, New York, page 5:


קאב׳יסה די ארנאאוט

lad-noun

קאב׳יסה די ארנאאוט f (Latin spelling kavesa de arnaut)

פירו קומו דיזימוס אינטרי נוס, קון אונה קאב׳׳יסה די ארנאאוט, ריספונדי:

1942 February 20, La Vara, number 1017, New York, page 5:

But, as we say among ourselves, with an Albanian's head, he answered:

Pero komo dezimos entre nos, kon una kavesa de arnaut, responde:


בוסנאק

bosnak (romanization)
בושנאק (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بوشناق (Boşnak), from Serbo-Croatian Bošnjak.

bor+

פולוניז, בוסנאק, איגﬞיטרי איגﬞיטרי, איל קי בﬞה אינגאזﬞאר איסטי אומברי […]

1906 November 9, La Epoka, number 1565, Thessaloniki, page 12:

[A] Pole, [a] Bosnian […] hired by this man […]

Polonez, bosnak, […] el ke va engajar este ombre […]


ריזאליט

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish رذالت (rezalet).

קי ריזאליט, קי קייפאזיליק איס איסתו!

1937 September 3, La Vara, number 734, New York, page 5:

What a scandal, what a disgrace this is!


אומוט

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish امید (umut).

[…] מה קיטאר איל אומוט די טודו, […]

1927 January 21, La Vara, number 230, New York, page 10:

[…] but taking hope away from everything […]


אינסאפﬞ

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish انصاف (insaf), from Arabic إِنْصَاف (ʔinṣāf, “justice”).

[…] סיירטאס מוז׳׳יריס דיל ברונקס, לאס קואלאס איסטאן סאליידו דיל אינסאפ׳׳ פארה אפ׳׳ואירה, […]

1927 January 21, La Vara, number 346, New York, page 10:

[…] certain women of the Bronx who are abandoning restraint […]

[…] syertas mujeres del Bronx, las kualas estan salyendo del insaf para afuera, […]


fashadura

Possibly from Aragonese faxa, from Latin fascia, with nominalizing suffix Ladino -dura.

kortar fashadura

cutting the swaddling, an Ottoman Jewish tradition where women cut the clothes for their newborn babies during the early months of pregnancy and sang Ladino songs


פאשארו

From Old Spanish pássaro, from Vulgar Latin *passarum, an alteration of Latin passer.


tefila

I su marido aze tefila por eya de kontino ke oyga el Sefer Tora ke en pokos diyas la sake de entre los bivos i tienen kada ora 'pleto i ketata' i kavza ke se destruye la kaza i los kelim.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26-28, page 35:

And her husband prayed constantly for her to hear the Seder Torah; that in a few days she take take it from amongst the living, and that they "fight and brawl" hourly, and that it cause the house and the tools to be destroyed.


shushulera

Possibly from Hebrew שלשול (“diarrhea”), with suffix Ladino -era.

shushunera (alternative)
shushurela (alternative)
chuchulera (alternative)
שושולירה (alternative)
şuşulera (alternative)


fijon

From Old Galician-Portuguese feijoo, from Latin phaseolus, probably from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos).


moabet

From Ottoman Turkish محبت (muhabbet), from Arabic مَحَبَّة (maḥabba).

long, familiar conversation, where one reminisces or tales anecdotes


buzana

Borrowed from Turkish buz, with relational suffix Ladino -ana.


tendjeré

From Ottoman Turkish تنجره (tencere, “a saucepan, kettle, stewpan, pipkin”), from Arabic طَنْجَرَة (ṭanjara).


avuelo

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *av(i)olum, ultimately from Latin avus.


almadrak

From Arabic مَطْرَح (maṭraḥ, “place where something is thrown”). Compare Old Galician almadraque.


דימיט

From Ottoman Turkish دمت (demet), from Greek δεμάτι (demáti, “bale of hay”).


sebeb

From Ottoman Turkish سبب, from Arabic سَبَب (sabab).


fashizmo

פ׳אשיזמו (Hebrew)
fashismo (alternative)


ˤada

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic عادة (ʕāda).


ḥaĵa

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic حاجة (ḥāja).


belˁa

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic بلعة (balʕa).


kantika

Inherited from Old Spanish cantiga (“song”).

inh+

El kanta la kantika para la nona.

La primera kantika era "Aj ke relumbron di novja ermoza", il padri dil novju li dizija a la novja, jamandula "ki salga a baljar, ki la keru ver".

1994, Isak Papo, Cuentos Sobre los Sefardies de Sarajevo, Logos, →ISBN, page 68:

The first song was ‘There a sudden flash of light from [a] beautiful bride’; the groom’s father told the bride announcing to her ‘that I want to see her go out to dance.’

Me esto akodrando algo ke ambezí de oyido, komo una kantika de kuna ke ainda kantas en la viejes.

2012 October 1, Miriam Moscona, Tela de sevoya, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 39:

I am remembering something that I learnt by hearing, like a lullaby that you keep singing to the elderly.

(music) song (musical composition with lyrics for voice or voices, performed by singing)


waḥsh

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic وحش (waḥš).


qahra

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic قهرة (qahra).

(Haketia) suffering, anguish, sorrow, misfortune


kehil.la

(Haketia) Jewish community, alternative form of keilá


mahpul

From Ottoman Turkish مقبول (makbûl), from Arabic مَقْبُول (maqbūl).

something that occurs unusually or rarely, that is appreciated


alḥalua

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic حلوى (ḥalwa).


kaisería

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic قيصرية (qayṣariyya, qīṣariyya). Cognate with Spanish alcaicería.


jbar

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic خبر (ḵbar).


mizman bereshit

Borrowed from Hebrew מזמן בראשית (mizman bereshit, “from the times of Genesis”).

los tiempos de mizman bereshit


akompanyamyento

lad-noun

אקומפאנייאמיינטו

akompanyamyento m (Hebrew spelling אקומפאנייאמיינטו)

אקומפאנייאמיינטו (Hebrew)

I ala onze [6 AM], ala turka, vinyeron en grande akompanyamyento delos askyeres turkos adelantre i detras, kompanyas de soldados de kada nasyon ke fueron dezbarkados delas naves, djunto todos los viche-amirales i komandantes, i ofisyeres de kada nave ke se topo en muestro porto.

(Can we date this quote?), Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, translated by Isaac Jerusalmi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 276:

And at eleven [6 A.M.], a great escort of Turkish soldiers came ahead of and behind the Turk; companies of soldiers from every nation disembarked from the ships, together with all the vice-admirals, commanders, and officers from every ship found in our port.


akompanyamiento

אקומפאנייאמיינטו

akompanyamiento m (Hebrew spelling אקומפאנייאמיינטו)

אקומפאנייאמיינטו (Hebrew)
akompanyamyento (alternative)

Fortuna mos traye aki, prezentados kon una boz rika i melodioza, kon akompanyamientos de una ekselente orkestra, […]

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 78:

Fortune brings us here, it presents us with a rich and melodious voice with the accompaniments of an excellent orchestra.


kamareta

קאמאריטה (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish camara + -eta, borrowed from Vulgar Latin camara, variant of Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára, “something with an arched cover, a vaulted chamber”).


sajén

Borrowed from Hebrew שָׁכֵן (shakhén, “neighbour”).


almuddén

(Haketia) Muslim prayers sung from the minarets after midnight, at one and three o'clock


djentoria

From Old Spanish [Term?], from Latin gens, gentis + -tōria.


ĵil.laba

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic جلابة (jallāba).


maˁal.lem

maˁalmá (feminine)
mˁal.lem (alternative)

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic معلم (mʕallam).


keffús

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic كفوس (kaffūs).

(Haketia) the most horrible, ugly, very bad thing or person

un keffús baḥlús

person who has absolutely nothing good about them


jair

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic خير (ḵayr, ḵīr).

(Haketia) goodness, happiness, prosperity


vezindado

Inherited from Old Spanish vezindad, from Latin vīcīnitātem. By surface analysis, vezino + -dad.

neighborhood, neighborly relations, vicinity


waḥlá

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic وحلة (waḥla).

(Haketia) dilemma, difficulty, complication


ḥarboná

From Hebrew חַרְבוֹנָא (ḥarḇōnā). The name of a eunuch of Ahasuerus who, by informing this king that Haman had ordered a gallows to be built for Mordechai, provoked the king's anger and brought about his own tremendous punishment.

bor

Hebrew חַרְבוֹנָא (ḥarḇōnā)


kondja

Borrowed from Persian غنچه, meaning bud.


mursá

Borrowed from Hebrew מוּרְסָה (“abscess”).

bor+

something or someone that is sulky, unlovable, unpleasant


kundurya

lad-noun

kundurya f (Hebrew spelling קונדורייה, plural kunduryas)

Loke troko es ke yevavan mestas i sapatos amariyos, i agora yevan estivlas o kunduryas.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 262:

What changed is that they used to wear mestas and yellow shoes, and now they wear ankle boots or shoes.

Ama djusto en akel punto un pashariko se le apozo a la kundurya.

1996, Aki Yerushalayim, number 53, page 48:

Nevertheless, just then a little bird rested in the shoe.


tishpishti

Derived from Ottoman Turkish تز (tez, “quickly”) + پیشتی (pişti, “cooked”).

der+

teshpishti (alternative)
tezpishti (alternative)


kodreriko

קודריריקו (Hebrew)

Los djugetes [lege djuegos] de los chikos en el kurtijo eran: eskonder, simel, kueshkos; y las ijikas djugavan kon los guesezikos sekos de un kodreriko ke se yamavan kotches, sentadas en la laja y tapándose su piernas kon las faldas de sus fustanes o sayolas³¹.

1980, Estudios sefardíes, volume 3, C.S.I.C., page 455:

The children's toys [read: games] in the courtyard were the following: hide [and seek], simel, [and] kernels; and the girls were playing with a lamb's dry bones in [something] called kotches, sitting on the pavement and hiding their rocks with the folds of their skirts or dresses.

(figurative) Somebody who is disciplined and obedient.


shkimbezika

lad-noun

shkimbezika f (Hebrew spelling שקימביזיקה)

שקימביזיקה (Hebrew)


guzmá

veló bedérex guzmá deven oveder esta ley

1993, David M. Bunis, A Lexicon of the Hebrew and Aramaic Elements in Modern Judezmo, Magnes Press, Hebrew University, →ISBN, page 192:

this law should not be obeyed in an exaggerated manner


shkembe

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish شكمبه (şikembe).


nikochera

ניקוג׳ירה (Hebrew)
nekocherá (alternative)
nikocherá (alternative)

Borrowed from Greek νοικοκυρά (noikokyrá).

Haće atanción, nikochera, ¿queres que haga banca-rota, o queres que se emborachen los vis̀itadores como obradores?

1968, Segismundo, numbers 7–8, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Patronato Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo:

Pay attention, housewife: do you want to break the bank, or do you want the visitors to get drunk like labourers?

Sulucha, te dare un konsejo de nikochera: por sedaka, no tengas trato ni kon politikos, ni kon ombres kazados.

2005, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 20–31, →ISBN, page 23:

Sulucha, I'll give you housewife advice: for charity, don't deal with either politicians or with married men.


siekolo

סייקולו (Hebrew)
siékolo (alternative)
sekolo (alternative)

Borrowed from Italian secolo (“century”).

Para arebivir el Ladino en el siekolo 21 es menester profitar de lo dijital para dokumentar i ambezar esta lingua en perikolo de ekstinsyon.

In order to revive Ladino in the twenty first century it is necessary to take advantage of digital technology to document and learn this endangered language.


nesio

Inherited from Old Spanish nesçio, from Latin nescius (“ignorant”), from ne- (“not”) + sciō (“to know”). Cognate with English nice.

El patron refuzo de vendermela kon buen presio,
i yo, komo flosho, komo ninyo, komo un nesio, me akayi,
me kontenti kon su repuesta vana,
i deshi su insolensia sin ninguna kondana.

2003, Yosef Avraam Papo, לה ב׳ינייה די נבות: דראמה ביבליקו אין סינקו אקטות אין ב׳ירסוס, הוצאת מכון מעלה אדומים לתיעוד השפה הספניולית ותרבותיה, →ISBN, page 37:

The patron refused to sell it to me for a good price, and I, like [a] weakling, like [a] child, like [a] putz, kept quiet; he contented me with his vain response, and gave up his insolence without any condemnation [of it].

(derogatory) fool; idiot; putz; schmendrick; twit


kandelika

קאנדיליקה (Hebrew)


orasión

אוראסייון (Hebrew)
orasion (alternative)

‘Oye, Israel’, el nombre de la orasión, ke kada djudió deve dizir tres vezes al día.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 475:

‘Listen, Israel’, the name of the prayer that every Jew must say thrice daily.


verguensa

lad-noun

verguensa f (Hebrew spelling ב׳ירגואינסה)

ב׳ירגואינסה (Hebrew)
virgwensa (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish berguença, from Latin verēcundia, from verēcundus (“feeling shame”), from vereor (“to respect, revere, fear”).

Es la Boz del Chofar que nos combida a elevarnos mas arriva de las mesquinerias de la vida de cada dia, de nuestras vanedades pueriles(mesquinas), de nuestras ideas yerradas, siegas y malechoras de la animalidad, que, a nuestra grande verguensa, nosotros tenemos tanta pena a dominar.

1940, Gren Rabino David Berman, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 85:

It is the voice of the chofer that invites us to elevate ourselves above the narrow-mindedness of everyday life, of our puerile (and narrow-minded) vanities, of our mistaken ideas, blind and criminal from the beastliness that, to our great shame, we have so much trouble dominating.


gueso

Inherited from Old Spanish ueso, hueso, huesso (“bone”).

La karne es tuya los guesos son miyos.

1994, Eli Shaul, Folklor de los judios de Turkiya, Isis, →ISBN, page 52:

The meat is yours [and] the bones are mine.

bone (solid consisting of calcium phosphate and collagen; product of ossification)


kanaveta

קאנאב׳יטה (Hebrew)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قارنبهار (karnabahar), from Persian کرمب بهار (karamb-i bahâr), from کرمب (karamb) from Ancient Greek κράμβη (krámbē, “cabbage”) & بهار (bahâr, “spring”).

der

Kanavetas i salatas, todos en atuendos de platas; pichones, poyos i patas ke no deshen de komer.

(Can we date this quote?), “Mandjares de Purim”, in Folkmasa:

Cauliflower and lettuce, every piece of silverware; doves, chicks and ducks that do not submit to consumption.


kuero

Inherited from Old Spanish cuero (“flesh”).

inh+

Telefoní a “Kupat Holim” imediatamente, dieron la mizma repuesta:
"Kale ke vengas para alhat al doktor del kuero"

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 293:

I immediately telephoned “Kupat Holim”; they gave me the same response: ‘It is necessary that you go to the skin doctor on Sunday.’

En mezmo tiempo merkaderes ke eksportavan a la Austria produktes del lokalidad: kueros de taushan, saḥtian, meshin, sera.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 348:

Simultaneously merchants who were exporting local products to Austria: rabbitskins, goatskins, processed sheepskins, [and] beeswax.


komer

קומיר (Hebrew)
comer (alternative)
kumer (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish comer (“to eat”), from Vulgar Latin *comēre, restructuring of Classical Latin comedere.

Kuando vyenen de Israel los paryentes i amigos, syempre fazemos notchadas a mi kaza kon komeres de los Sefardim i todos se konsolan komyendo guevos inhaminados, burekitas, pastilikos, bumuelos, pita di letche, tajikos i otras kumidas savurozas.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 6:

When relatives and friends come from Israel, we always throw night parties at my house with Sephardic meals and everybody comforts theirselves eating cholent eggs, little cheese patries, [other] pastries, doughnuts, milk bread, small cuts and other savoury dishes.


bevida

Inherited from Old Spanish bevida. Cognate with Aragonese, Asturian, Galician, Portuguese & Spanish bebida.

Kuando una persona le demandava una bevida, tomava un kopo de la tchintura, lo arrufyava un poko kon la agua de la alkuza i, abokandose eskorria de la redoma por enriva su ombro, un tchorro arresfreskante de limonata.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 178:

When somebody demanded a drink, they took a cup from the belt, sprinkled it with a little water from the container, and — bending over lightly scratching themselves from the bottle above their shoulder — a refreshing burst of lemonade.


deskaramiento

lad-noun

דיסקאראמיינטו

deskaramiento m (Hebrew spelling דיסקאראמיינטו)

דיסקאראמיינטו (Hebrew)

deskarar + -miento. Compare Spanish descaramiento.

audacity; boldness; chutzpah; effrontery; impudence; insolence; shamelessness


esprito

איספריטו (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish espirto, espirtu. Doublet of espirito.

el meldar mantiene el esprito

mind (one's desires, emotions, personality, and so on, taken collectively)


ridá

(Istanbul, Jerusalem, Plovdiv) alternative form of rizá


eskularicha

eskularichas (plural)
eskuralicha (alternative)
skuralicha (alternative)

Borrowed from Greek σĸουλαρίĸια (sĸoularíĸia).

bor+

Entretyempo el viper se fue i se suvyo a la pared del palasio real, ande moryo i la mato ala Prensesa i le tomo sus eskularichas i su kolona.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 87:

Meanwhile the viper fled and went up to the real palace’s wall, where it died, killed the princess, and took her earrings and her column.


tiralanya

lad-noun

tiralanya f (Hebrew spelling טיראלאנייה)

טיראלאנייה (Hebrew)
taralanya (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish tela (de) aranna, from Latin tēla + arānea.

De ke tiralanya me estas avlando, hanuma? En las kazas de Estambol las tiralanyas sirviyan solo para apanyar moshkas.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 17:

What spider are you talking about, lady? In Istanbul's houses all spiders do is catch flies.


zirguela

Inherited from Old Spanish ciruela, from Late Latin cēreola, an ellipsis of cēreola prūna (literally “wax-colored plums”), from the neuter plural of Latin cereolus, later reinterpreted as a feminine singular; see cēra.

Siendo ke las avramilas (zirguelas) vedres, chikas i agras pueden ser merkadas solo al prinsipio del enverano, este pishkado es gizado los mas en esta sezon.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 78:

Being that unripe, little green and sour plums can only be vended at the beginning of summer, this fish is the commonest stew this season.

Prunus domestica
Prunus domestica#Translingual

(Turkey) plum (an edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour)


alchak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آلچاق (alçaḳ, “low, short in stature, shallow, vile, despicable”).

bor+

Savesh kyen es este kolega? Este alchak de Sadiko. Este berbante, el disho, ke dela manera ke avló la prima dona, merese bezada en la boka.

1999, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, קולות משאלוניקי היהודית, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 302:

You know who this colleague is? That paskudnyak Sadiko. That scoundrel said that the young lady deserves a kiss on the mouth for how she spoke.

(derogatory) paskudnyak; scumbag (villain)


kieratá

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish كراتا (kerata), from كراته (kerata), borrowed from Greek κερατάς (keratás, “cornuto”).

Kuando el papás disho por la sigunda vez: "Bay kieratá!" le dize el sultán: "Kieratá yo?"

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס, נור, page 177:

When the priest repeated 'Oi, paskudnyak!', the sultan said, 'Me, a paskudnyak?'


bostejo

El bostejo va de boca en boca, como el pašarico de oja en oja.

Yawning goes from mouth to mouth like the bird from bough to bough.


arrogansia

lad-noun

arrogansia f (Hebrew spelling ארוגאנסייה)

ארוגאנסייה (Hebrew)
arrogansa (alternative)
arrogansya (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin arrogantia, perhaps through another language.

Ayí por la ignoransia
La arrogansia, la intoleransia
La mezuzá kayía
Yorando entre despididas...

2008, Matilda Gini Barnatán, Viviana Rajel Barnatán, Darío Meta Barnatán, La ija i la madre komo la unya i la karne, Ibersaf Editores, →ISBN, page 73:

There through ignorance
Arrogance, intolerance
The mezuzah was silencing
Crying between farewells...

audacity; boldness; effrontery; impudence; insolence; shameless; chutzpah


prenyado

[…] mos fuimos en luna de miel a París, i yo empesí a engodrarme … i engodrarme. El prenyado a mí me yakishea muncho.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 142:

we left to have our honeymoon in Paris, and I started to gain weight … and gain weight. I look so much like I am pregnant.


tavatur

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish تواتر (“rumour”), from Arabic تَوَاتُر (tawātur, “narration in succession”).

bor

Este fakto se izo naturalmente tavatur en Romema entera.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, זיקנתך כבחרותך, page 180:

This fact naturally became a scandal in all of Romema.


repozo

Deverbal from repozar. Compare Portuguese repouso, French repos, Italian riposo, Romanian repaus, English repose.

Todo muestro korrer sin repozo, tende al repozo de shabat.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 207:

All our running without rest tends to be for Shabbat’s resting.

Yo ǧuzava, de otra parte, muy perikolozo por el repozo i la seguridad de·los ǧudyós de Turkía de propagar entre estos últimos este movimyento polítiko.

(Can we date this quote?), Christoph Herzog, Richard Wittmann, editors, Istanbul – Kushta – Constantinople: Narratives of Identity in the Ottoman Capital, 1830–1930, Taylor & Francis, published 2018, →ISBN, page 96:

I was judging it, in another way, very dangerous for the Turkish Jews’ peace and security in propagating, among these last things, this political movement.


dalkavo

dalkavos (plural)
alkavo (alternative)
de alkavo (alternative)


kayadez

קאייאדיז (Hebrew)
cayades (alternative)
cayadez (alternative)
kayades (alternative)

Una kayadez absoluta kayo adientro de la baraka.

2007, Moshe 'Ha-Elion, Las angustias del enferno: las pasadias de un djidio de Saloniki en los kampos de eksterminasion almanes Auschwitz, Mauthausen, Melk i Ebensee, Sentro Moshe David Gaon de Kultura Djudeo-Espanyola, Universidad Ben-Gurion del Negev, →ISBN, page 109:

An absolute silence fell inside of the cabin.


kayades

קאייאדיס (Hebrew)

En supito, en esta notche del 28 avril 1903 un patlak arrebuelvyo la kayades nokturna.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 184:

Then suddenly, on this night of April 28, 1903, an explosion shook the nightly silence.


árvol

En la ora mas apretada i eskura, kwando la partida parese pyedrida, los dados de el destino se aboltan en mwestra favor, i kwando ya parese ke mos deshan zulá, salimos empyés komo los gatos ke los asegien i se suven en algún árvol ande no lo pweden alkansar.

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, קולות משאלוניקי היהודית, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 415:

In the most stressful and darkest hour, when the party appears lost, destiny's gifts turn up in our favour, and when it appears that it is leaving us in destitution, we leave on foot like the cats who chase them and they climb up some tree where they can't reach someone.


puerpo

פואירפו (Hebrew)
cuerpo (alternative)
kuerpo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish cuerpo (“body”), from Latin corpus, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrep-. The initial consonant shift might have been a product of either assimilation to the labialized velar approximant or anticipatory assimilation at a distance. Cognate with Spanish cuerpo.

inh+

Poco favlar, salud para el puerpo.

1960, Michael Molho, Literatura sefardita de Oriente, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Arias Montano, page 47:


djenerozita

Eya fue atraida por esta sivda importante de punto de vista djidyo, muy komertchante, i penso fazer profitar la komunita de su djenerozita.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 57:

She was attracted to this city from a Jewish point of view, very businesslike, and she thought to take advantage of the community's generosity.


malsin

Inherited from Old Spanish malsin (“informant”), from Hebrew מַלְשִׁין.

bor

Hebrew מַלְשִׁין

Es solo en 1574 ke la Inkizision avrio un tribunal permanente en Santiago, i pasaron mas de 30 anyos asta ke su influensa fuera konsentida en Ribadavia, i esto solo despues ke un malsin de entre los konversos de la sivdad, Jeronimo Bautista de Mena, denunsio a serka 14.

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 14:

It is only in 1574 that the Inquisition opened a permanent tribunal in Santiago, and more than thirty years passed until its influenced was consented to in Ribadavia, and this only after an informer from among the converts in the city of Jeronimo Bautista de Mena denounced about fourteen [people].


kamera de gaz

Para ti dizire este mizmo Shema Yisrael ke los tuyos entonaran en entrando en las kameras de gaz.

2003, Nuestra memoria, numbers 22–24, Fundación Memoria del Holocausto, page 28:

For you I shall say this same Shema Yisrael that yours shall sing upon entering the gas chambers.


trocamiento

lad-noun

trocamiento m (Hebrew spelling טרוקאמיינטו)

טרוקאמיינטו (Hebrew)

Como las mismas causas que trujeron el trocamiento radical del sefaradismo serbo o bulgaro, estas mismas causas provocaron tambien el trocamiento radical del sefaradismo turco.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 204:

Like the same causes that brought the radical change in Serbian and Bulgarian Sephardism, these same causes likewise provoke radical change in Turkish Sephardism.


trokamiento

trokamiento m (Hebrew spelling טרוקאמיינטו)

טרוקאמיינטו (Hebrew)
trocamiento (alternative)

Los djudios de Espanya eskrivian sus tekstos, en el espanyol ke avlavan entonses, kon letras ebreas, i kon reglas de transliterasion ke fueron mantenidas, kon chikos trokamientos, durante sienes de anyos.

Spain's Jews were writing their texts, in the Spanish that they were speaking back then, with Hebrew letters, and with transliteration rules that were maintained, with few changes, for hundreds of years.

alternation; change; modification; shift (edit)


pekado

Inherited from Old Spanish pecado (“sin”), from Latin peccātum, from peccō (“to sin, offend”).

inh+

En supito me te fuites,
Sin kulpa i sin pekado.

1986, Haïm-Vidal Sephiha, Le judéo-espagnol, Entente, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 172:

Suddenly you went to me without guilt and without sin.


pedrisko

פידריסקו (Hebrew)
pedrisco (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish pedrisco, from piedra (“stone”). Cognate with Spanish pedrisco.

I el sol es de dos modos kontrarios uno de otro, ke la parte ke esta para la tierra es de fuego, ma la otra parte ke da para el sielo es de pedrisko, ke kon esto se konserva uno kon otro, i el envierno tiene la vanda del pedrisko para la tierra i ansi aze muncho friyo, i si no fuera ke la otra vanda es de fuego, no era posivle ke pudieran la djente sonportarlo.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 66:

And the sun is of two phases contrary to one another: the part for the earth is fire, yet the other part for the sky is hail, one with the other is kept with this, and winter has hail's side for the earth, making it very cold, and if it weren't for the other side, the fiery one, it would not be possible that people could bear it.


lavabó

Borrowed from French lavabo (“washbasin”).

bor+

Tenían ayá lavabó i gaz, ama orno no tenían.

2021 July 14, Aldo Sevi, “La Tant Roza”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

They had gas and [a] sink there, yet no oven.


liƀro

Él kontó a sus mužeres, ke lo interogaƀan kon kuryozidad, todo lo ke le pasó en este día en el palasyo del emperador; i después él se fue a su kamareta, tomó un liƀro del Talmûđ i se metyó a estudyarlo kon dezeo. ¡Aƀía kuántos días ke él no tokaƀa ningún liƀro!

1978, María del Rosario Martínez González, editor, Un marido entre dos mužeres: novela anónima en ladino, Ameller Ediciones, →ISBN, page 71:

He told his women that he was interrogating him curiously [about] everything that happened to him today in the emperor's palace, then he left for his room, took a book from the Talmud, and started to study it desirously. It had been several days since he hadn't taken a book!

(Yugoslavia) alternative spelling of livro


prezervasion

lad-noun

פריזירב׳אסייון

prezervasion f (Hebrew spelling פריזירב׳אסייון)

פריזירב׳אסייון (Hebrew)
prezervasión (alternative)

Despues de la fondasion del Estado de Israel, jurnales komo “La Verdad”, “El Tyempo”, “La Luz de Israel” kontribuaron a la prezervasion del Djudeo.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 18:

After the foundation of the State of Israel, journals such as “La Verdad”, “El Tyempo”, “La Luz de Israel” contribute to Judezmo’s preservation.


prezervasión

פריזירב׳אסייון

prezervasión f (Hebrew spelling פריזירב׳אסייון)

פריזירב׳אסייון (Hebrew)

La prezervasión de la kultura djudeo espanyola en general i la de la lengua en partikular preokupa a los ke se enteresan al kampo del ladino.

2007, Silvia Guastalla, Il Giudeo-Spagnolo (Ladino): cultura e tradizione sefardita tra presente, passato e futuro, S. Belforte, →ISBN, page 181:

The preservation of Judaeo-Spanish in general and the language in particular concern those interested at the Ladino camp.


kuzina

La primera koza dunke ke se nota en la kuzina djudeo‐espanyola es la manera turka de azer kada día el arroz, ke se kome en grandes kantidades i no manka ni un día en la meza del djudío proveniente del Impero Otomano.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 70:

The first thing noted in the Judaeo‐Spanish kitchen is the Turkish style of making rice daily, which is eaten in great quantities and is never absent for one day from the table of the Jew originating from the Ottoman Empire.


fransez

fransez m (Hebrew spelling פ׳ראנסיז, feminine franseza)

פ׳ראנסיז (Hebrew)
franseza (feminine)
franses (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish françes, frances (“French”), from Latin francēnsis.

En el mizmo razonamiento se deve de akuzar i todos los fransezes kontamporaneos ke bivieron en el tiempo ke fue kemada biva Jeanne d’Arc, de ser asasinos de la ke izo salvar el reynado i azer la unita de la Fransia, de mezmo, en el mizmo razonamiento deven de ser akuzados los italianos por la muerte de Gallée.

1997, Salamon Bicerano, Relatos en lingua judeo-espanyola, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., →ISBN, page 116:

By the same logic one must also accuse all of the French today who lived in the time when Joan of Arc was burnt alive of being the murderers of she who saved the kingdom and France’s unity, likewise, by the same logic one must charge the Italians for the death of [Galileo] Galilee.


gioez

Tu ke sos el gioez de toda la tiera, i con la justisia es sostenida,
Acorda vidas i mezericordia a tu nasion afliida ²).
I la orasion de la maniana como alsasion ³) seia resevida

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 12:

You who are judge of all the world, and with whom justice is sustained, give life and mercy to your aflicted nation. And may the morning prayer be received as sacrifice.


giustidad

Tu sos envestido i envelupado de giustidad, a ti solo apartiene la sopirioridad
Si no ai en nozotros ovras ⁴) boenas, acodrate de noestros padres i de sus santedad.
Siempre los tengas en tu memoria i apiada a tu comunidad

You are dressed and enveloped with justice, only to you does superiority belong; were good deeds absent from us, remind yourself of our fathers and their holiness. You always have them in memory; rescue your people.

(Romania) alternative spelling of djustidad


dezayuno

דיזאייונו (Hebrew)
desayuno (alternative)

Deverbal from dezayunar. Cognate with Spanish desayuno.

Me fui ande Marko ke me aresivio kon brasos aviertos i me kombido a komer un dezayuno savrozo ke avia aprontado su mujer.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 65:

I went [to] where Marko received me with open arms and invited me to have a savoury breakfast that his mother prepared.

breakfast (the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning)


famiya

פ׳אמיאה (Hebrew)
famia (alternative)
famía (alternative)
familia (alternative)
familya (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish familia (“family”).

inh+

En 1923, se modernizo la identidad de las personas, pero a unos ermanos de mi Papu le metieron en el nufus la alkunya Rodrik, i a la otra mitad de la famiya, la alkunya Rodriges.

2007, Hernán Rodriguez Fisse, “Alkunya Rodrik o Rodriguez”, in El Amaneser, section 27:

People’s identities were modernised in 1923, but like some of my grandfather’s brothers they put him on the Rodrik surname identity card, and as for my family’s other half, the surname Rodriges.

family (a group of people who are closely related to one another (by blood, marriage or adoption); kin; in particular, a set of parents and their children; an immediate family)


kevranto

קיב׳ראנטו (Hebrew)
quebranto (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish quebranto (“sorrow”).

Delantre de ti io mi orgolio abato
I mi corason lo razgo con kevranto¹)

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 10:

I suppress my pride before you, and my heart tears it with despair.


orgolio

אורגולייו (Hebrew)
orgolyo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish orgullo (“pride”), borrowed from Old Catalan orgull, from Vulgar Latin *orgollium, itself from Proto-West Germanic *uʀgōllju, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *uzgōljō. Related to French orgueil, Italian orgoglio, & Portuguese orgulho.


pipirushka

pipirushkas (plural)
piperushka (alternative)

Most likely a compound of Bulgarian пипер (piper) and чушка (čuška).

Los invyernos komiyamos los zerzevates I frutas del invyerno, komo la espinaka, la kol i el apyo. En el enverano era la berendjena, la kalavasa i la pipirushka.

2006, Los Muestros, numbers 62–69, R. Capuia, page 44:

Winters we ate the fruits and vegetables of winter, like spinach, cabbage and celery. In summer it was eggplant, zucchini and green pepper.


inogurasion

La seremoniya de inogurasion tendra lugar el lunes 24 de marso venidero.

2002, Los Muestros, numbers 46–55, R. Capuia, page 6:

The inauguration ceremony shall take place the upcoming Monday, March 24.

Deskuvrimos defterikos de rabinos kon derushim para shabat o para fiestas relijiozas, defterikos de mo’halim kon poezias kompuestas para algunas okaziones komo inogurasion de kaza mueva o berit mila.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 46:

We discover little notebooks from rabbis with sermons for Shabbat or for religious celebrations, little notebooks from uncircumcised ones with poems composed for some occasions such as [a] new house’s inauguration or [a] brit milah.


inaugurasion

inaugurasión (alternative)
inogurasion (alternative)

[…] en el kamino para ir a la inaugurasion de la Şara de Atatürk, kreyemos ke Demirel se sintiria komo en su kaza en bat‐Yam, onde el nombre de Atatürk tiene valor komo en Turkiya.

1997, Salamon Bicerano, Relatos en lingua judeo-espanyola, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., →ISBN, page 252:

On the way to get to Şara de Atatürk’s inauguration, we believe that Demirel shall be heard as in his house on bat‐Yam, where Atatürk’s name carries weight as in Türkiye.

Mihael Papo eskrivio una gramatika en ebreo i trezlado varias orasiones para la inaugurasion de la Grande Sinagoga sefaradi, en 1808.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 52:

Mihael Papo wrote a grammar in Hebrew and translated various prayers for the Great Sephardi Synagogue’s inauguration in 1808.


prezensia

lad-noun

prezensia f (Hebrew spelling פריזינסייה)

פריזינסייה (Hebrew)
presencia (alternative)

Mis malisias las tengo en mi prezensia
Por eias consiento remurso⁴) i dolensia

I have my evils in my presence, through them I feel remorse and discomfort.


dolensia

דולינסייה (Hebrew)


malisia

מאליסייה (Hebrew)


kovdo

Inherited from Old Spanish cobdo, from Latin cubitus, from cubitum (“elbow; cubit”).

Eran fetchas de dos plakas grandes, kuvriendo kaje todo el braso (del kovdo al pulso), tenidas entre eyas por unas kadenikas ke fazian el torno del braso.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 68:

They were made from two big slabs, covering almost the entire arm (from the elbow to the wrist), meeting each other through some necklaces that went around the arm.


alguenga

אלגואינגה (Hebrew)

[…] kon el ayudo de los organos en la kara del ombre: el ojo — organo de vizion, la oreja para el oido, la nariz para el guezmo i la alguenga para la savor.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 64:

With the help of man’s face’s organs: the eye — organ of seeing, the ear for hearing, the nose for smelling and the tongue for tasting.


sopirioridad

(Romania) alternative form of superioridad


santedad

סאנטידאד (Hebrew)
santidad (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish sanctidat, from Latin sanctitātem.


kulevro

kulevro m (Hebrew spelling קוליב׳רו, plural kulevros, feminine kulevra)

קוליב׳רו (Hebrew)
kulevros (plural)
kulevra (feminine)
culebro (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish culuebro, from Latin colubrum.

Mas londje, komo un kulevro vedre entrando en la agua, se via el "Kutchuk Karaburnu" ke los djidyos yamavan la Punta Tchika (o Petit cap en franses).

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 52:

Further away, like a green snake entering the water, the ‘Kutchuk Karaburnu’ was seen, which the Jews were calling the Little Tip (or petit cap in French).

snake (any of the suborder Serpentes of legless reptile with long, thin bodies and fork-shaped tongues)


kerensia

קירינסייה (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish querencia (“desire”).

inh+

Confiadvos i animadvos mi puevlo en el dio i su potensia
Si vozotros guardareş su testamento con exactitud i con kerensia
El protejara a vozotros i sera favoravle su sitensia ⁵)
Aderesadvos a el siempre i rogadle con ensistensia

My folk, trust yourselves and encourage yourselves in God and His power, if you keep His testament with precision and with passion, He shall protect you and your sentence shall be favourable. Always address yourselves to Him and beg Him insistently.


handrajo

lad-noun

handrajo m (Hebrew spelling חאנדראז׳ו, plural handrajos)

Uncertain. Federico Corriente considers the Andalusian Arabic حَطْرَجْ (ḥaṭraj, “foolish”) that appears in Vocabulista in Arabico and that comes from the known root ه ت ر (h t r) (the same as مُهْتَر (muhtar, “disordered in his intellect”) in Lane’s lexicon). Compare Spanish andrajo.

der

Antes madres azian kouklas de handrajo.

2013 April 30, Renée Levine Melammed, chapter 3, in An Ode to Salonika: The Ladino Verses of Bouena Sarfatty, Indiana University Press, →ISBN, page 150:

Pastelikos i arope,
Yaprakitos kon sharope,
Burrikitas de handrajo
Ya tornimos a komer.

Little pastries and grape syrup, little dolmathes with syrup, little residues from a tomato and eggplant pastry, we already went back to eat.

pastry filling made from eggplant and tomato


chiflik

lad-noun

chiflik m (Hebrew spelling ג׳יפ׳ליק, plural chiflikes)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چفتلك (çiftlik).

bor+

Yo tuve kuantas vezes de tener ami lado de estos esklavos a tanyer kon eyos en los konakes en chiflikes de AbduRahman bey, ke las eredo de su padre Ahmet bey, syendo el era el kapo de la armada de Kasandra.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, chapter 42, in Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, editors, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 290:

I often have had some of these slaves by my side playing music in Abdur Rahman Bey’s mansions and farms, who inherited them from his father, Ahmet Bey, former army chief in Kasandra.

Avían tres amigos: el uno era merkader, el sigundo era doktor i el tresero tinía chiflik.

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס: אגדות וסיפורי מוסר מן המסורת היהודית־ספרדית, נור, page 59:

There were three friends: one a merchant, the second a physician, and the third had a farm.

Moshe Tadjer resivyo el konsejo, torno a su kaza i al 18 yanuar 1878, kuando los rusos okuparon la sivdad, munchas kazas de turkos i djidyos fueron despojadas, ma la kaza i el chiflik de Moshe Tadjer fueron guadradas por guardias delantre la puerta.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria: Estudio y edición crítica de la obra «Notas istorikas» de Avraam Moshe Tadjer, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, →ISBN, page 420:

Moshe Tadjer took the advice, returned home, and on January 18, 1878, when the Russians occupied the city, many Turkish and Jewish houses were despoiled, yet Moshe Tadjer’s house and farm were protected by guards before the door.

(countable) farm (a place where agricultural and similar activities take place, especially the growing of crops or the raising of livestock)


handrajos

Yo, ke non kreia en estos handrajos, salia kada manyana en la kaye i via ke non se salyo ninguna pyedra de su lugar.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, chapter 13, in Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, editors, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 187:

I, for one, who gave no credence to this nonsense, would go outside every morning to see that not a single stone had budged from its spot.


altiempo

אלטיימפו (Hebrew)

Moso i ğayo asta el anyo diziyamos aya altiempo.

1996, Tiryaki, numbers 18–19, Tiryaki, page 22:

Until [this] year, [the] servant and rooster were speaking there [since] olden times.


djoven

lad-noun

djoven m (Hebrew spelling ג׳וב׳ין, plural djovenes)

ג׳וב׳ין (Hebrew)
djovenes (plural)
djoveno (alternative)
joven (alternative)
joveno (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish iouen, from Latin iuvenis.

Un djoven, kansado de las muchas orores ke el i su puevlo yevavan de dia en dia a las manos de las bestias umanas, demando kual era la parte ke el Dio tenia en los krimenes i su mankansa de traer djustisia a los kampos i de azer sus deveres para su puevlo: “Tio,” dizia, “porke todas estas orasiones? Porke meldar el kadish para los muertos, el Dio los protejara mas en el paradizo de lo ke izo en la tyerra?”

1999 May 15, Isaac Jack Lévy, transl., And the World Stood Silent: Sephardic Poetry of the Holocaust, Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 50:

A young man, tired of the endless horrors that he and his people endured day in and day out at the hands of human beasts, questioned God’s part in the crimes and His failing to bring justice to the camps and carry out His duties to His people: ‘Uncle,’ he would say. ‘Why all the prayers? Why recite the Kaddish for the dead. Will God protect them more in heaven than He does on earth?’


koraje

Inherited from Old Spanish coraje, borrowed from Old Occitan coratge or Old French corage, either way from Vulgar Latin *corāticum.

Ya meldatesh por seguro en las gazetas ke el governo esta aparejando una ley grasias a la kuala no va aver mas estos terribles "bekchis" vinidos espesilamente de Anadol i los kualos kon sus espavoresientes sopas azian tanto espantar a todos akeyos ke tienen el koraje de durmir repozados en sus lechos.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 71:

Now you certainly read in the papers that the government is preparing a law thanks to whoever is no longer having more [of] these terrible ‘guards’, especially from Anadol, coming with their frightening clubs, terrifying everybody who has the courage the sleep soundly in bed.


kalavasa

From Old Spanish calabaça, derived from Paleo-Hispanic *calapacceu (compare Catalan carabassa). Less likely from Arabic قَرْعَة يَابِسَة (qarʕa yābisa, “dry gourd”), which is from Classical Persian خَرْبُزَه (xarbuza, “melon”).

bor

قَرْعَة يَابِسَة

der

kalavasada

a mixture of pumpkin and roasted almonds


alhenya

From Old Spanish alhenna, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic حِنَّاء (ḥinnāʔ).

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual

henna; dye prepared from (Lawsonia inermis)


meshumad

lad-noun

meshumad m (Hebrew spelling משומד, plural meshumadim)

Ma, bien saviendo ke el meshumad se sustiene de sarot⁴⁸⁵ de Yisrael - i ke ‘el trokado es peor ke el nasido’ el haham-bashi, komo ke salyo de la kaza de los Haviyos, eskrivyo una letra ‘a la komunidad santa de ombres buenos fazidores de misvot i ambizadores de la Ley Djidios piadozos ke son en Travnik’ […]

1999, Eliezer Papo, La megila de Saray, E. Papo, page 150:

Nevertheless, knowing well that the apostate is sustained by Israel’s sorrows — and that ‘the substitute is worse than the native’, the chief rabbinate, as he left the Haviyos’ house, wrote a letter ‘to the holy community of good men, doers of good deeds and teachers of the law, pious Jews who are in Travnik.’

(countable, religion) apostate (a person who has renounced a religion or faith)


kavretiko

kavretiko m (Hebrew spelling קאב׳ריטיקו, plural kavretikos, feminine kavretika)

קאב׳ריטיקו (Hebrew)
kavretikos (plural)
kavretika (feminine)
cavrito (alternative)
cavretico (alternative)
cavritico (alternative)
kavrito (alternative)
kavritiko (alternative)

Un kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre
por dos levanim, por dos levanim
I vino el gato
i se komio al kavretiko
ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim
I vino el perro
i modrio al gato,
ke se komio al kavretiko

2023 May 7, Rabino Haim Casas, Introducción al judaísmo, Editorial Almuzara, →ISBN, page 170:

A kid that my father bought for two gold coins, [only] two gold coins. And then came the cat, and he ate the kid that my father bought for two gold coins. And then came the dog that bit the cat that ate the kid.


aljaguán

Borrowed from Arabic أَرْجُوَان (ʔarjuwān), from Aramaic אַרְגְּוָונָא / ܐܰܪܓܽܘܳܢܳܐ (ʾargəwānā), from Akkadian 𒅈𒂵𒌋𒌋𒉡 (argamannu).

der

אַרְגְּוָונָא

Aramaic אַרְגְּוָונָא


bizba

Derived from Old Spanish biespa (“wasp”).


ladriyo

lad-noun

ladriyo m (Hebrew spelling לאדרילייו, plural ladriyos)

לאדרילייו (Hebrew)
ladriyos (plural)
ladrío (alternative)


martiyo

martiyo m (Hebrew spelling פטיש, plural martiyos)

פטיש (Hebrew)
martiyos (plural)
martío (alternative)


armistisio

Pokos son lo ke konosen mas ke superfisialmente la istoria de los djudios de Rodes en la epoka de la Shoa i aun menos los ke saven ke es en esta izla ke empeso la Rezistensia italiana al enemigo nazista, despues ke en el 8.9. 1943 el primer ministro italiano, el mareshal Badoglio, firmo el armistisio kon los aliados.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, pages 72–73:

There are few who have anything more than a superficial familiarity with the history of Rhodes’s Jews in the era of the Shoah, and even fewer who know that it is on this isle that the Italian resistance began against the Nazi adversary after September 8, 1943, during which the Italian Prime Minister, Marshal Badoglio, agreed to the armistice with the Allies.

(countable, military) armistice (a formal agreement, especially between nations, to end combat)