pie

Inherited from Old Spanish pie, pied, piet (“foot”), from Latin pedem.
Cognate with Asturian pie, Galician and Portuguese pé, and Catalan peu.

La ciudad de Bursa es fraguada en amphitheatre a los pies del Olympe (Oulou Dağ) y abrasa una vaste y magnifica valle con un hermoso panorama.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 78:

The city of Bursa has constructed an amphitheatre at the feet of Olympus and embraces a vast and wonderful valley with a beautiful panorama.


perro

La limpyeza era el fetcho de una banda de perros errantes, flakos i yenos de pulgas ke se kargavan de desbarasar los montones de suzyeda.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 221:

Cleanliness was in a pack of stray dogs’ [best] interest, as they were weak and lousy from so much filth.


amigo

From Old Spanish amigo, amygo, from Latin amīcus.


sombrero

Inherited from Old Spanish sonbrero (“hat”).

inh+

Con bastón y con sombrero,
Ya fuera Shabbat o Pascua,
A eznoga siempre el primero,
Antes que nadie llegaba.

1992, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 45-48, page 32:

With cane and hat,
'Twas already Shabbat or Passover,
Always first at synagogue,
Before anybody else was arriving.


ventana

From Vulgar Latin *ventāna, derived from Latin ventus (“wind”).


bel

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بل (bel, “waist”).

bor+

I kuanto mas la karne era negra, tantos mas eran los pedasos del bel para abasho, ke eya le orava!

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 229:

And how the meat was so much blacker, especially the chunks from the waist down, that she prayed for it!

El bel era muy estrecho i las mangas eran estrechas kantidad ke non les vinia la mania al braso.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 262:

The waist was very narrow and the sleeves were so tight that there was barely room for their bracelets.


dia

En mi corason esta tu memoria santa
Dia i noce de mi no se aparta

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 11:

In my heart lies your holy memory, day and night it separates not from me.


nada

Inherited from Old Spanish nada (“nothing”), inherited from Latin (nūlla rēs) nāta (literally “no born thing, not a thing born”), an extension of nēmō nātus (“not a soul”, literally “nobody born”). For descendants of the other part of the expression see Galician ren (“nothing”), French rien (“nothing”), Catalan res (“nothing; anything”). For the grammaticalization of an original nominal as a negative see Jespersen's Cycle and French personne, pas.

inh

Se yamo este livro Tsits Refua porke al modo de el tsits es una nada legabe de el arvol, kon todo tiene en su fuersa i es kolel un arvol entero kon sus flores i frutos, ansi este livro aunke es una nada legabe de la hohma de la dotoria, kon todo, meldandolo i entendiendolo bien se topa ke es kolel toda la hohma.

1989, Aki Yerushalayim, volume 10, number 40, page 30:

This book is called Calico Treatment because calico's way is nothing compared to the tree's, with everything in its power, and an entire tree is a collection with flowers and fruits, thus while this book is nothing compared to doctorhood's wisdom, despite everything, reading it and understanding it well it is found to be a collection of all wisdom.

El Dyo mos dyo este día i lo apartó por desbarazar muestro meoyo de todo modo de intereso de presonas, i aplikar sus eĉas i konoser sus grandes maraƀías kuryozas, i akodrarmos ke en sex días kreó el Dyo este mundo i lo renoƀó de la nada.

1979, Isaac ben Michael Badhav, Ana María Riaño López, Un tratado sefardí de moral, Ameller, →ISBN, page 94:

God gave us this day and put it aside by clearing our mind of every person's way of interest, and doing His work and learning His great and wonderful miracles, and we shall remember that He created this world in six days and restored it ex nihilo.


bien

lad-noun

bien m (Hebrew spelling ביין, plural bienes)

ביין (Hebrew)
bienes (plural)
byen (alternative)
byén (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish bien from Latin bene (“well”), from Old Latin *duenēd, from duenos (“good”), which gave bonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos.

Sus enemigos, sus bienes, le rovaron.
De su bien si artaron i la espujaron ¹)
I con croeldades su corason razgaron
I eia no abandona sus tradisiones.
Termine la aniada i sus maldisiones.

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 9:

Her foes stole her properties. They were satiated with her property, [then] they engaged her, and they cruelly ripped her heart, [yet] she abandoned not her traditions. End the year and its curses.

good; property; possession; assets; wealth; estate


ensiklopedia

Borrowed from New Latin encyclopaedia, a false rendering of Ancient Greek ἔγκυκλος (énkuklos, “circular”) (from ἐν (en, “in”) & κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”)) & παιδεία (paideía, “education”, literally “rearing of a child”), as "an all-around education", but literally "training in a circle". The modern sense was first applied to the French Encyclopédie in the 17th century.

der

En esta ensiklopedia es kontado, entre otras, ke en segito a los pogromes echos en Polonia, en los anyos 1648-1649, los djudios de Turkia embezaron⁷ sovre la triste suerte de miles de djudios ke avian kayido en kativerio i ke estavan en peligro de ser vendidos komo esklavos.

2003, Sefárdica: publicación del Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, numbers 14-16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, pages 101-2:

It says in this encyclopedia that, among other things, following the pogroms committed in Poland from 1648-1649, Turkey's Jews learned of the misfortune of thousands of Jews who fell into captivity and were in danger of being sold as slaves.


agora

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá).

bor+

En otro blok del kampo agora 'sta morando.

1997, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 56–58, page 55:

The market square resides on another block of the camp.

market square (especially one dealing food)


espanyol

lad-noun

espanyol m (Hebrew spelling איספאנייול, feminine espanyola, feminine plural espanyolas, masculine plural espanyoles)

איספאנייול (Hebrew)
espanyola (feminine)
espanyolas (feminine plural)
espanyoles (masculine plural)
español (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish espanyol, espanhol, espannol. Cognate with Spanish español; see detailed etymology there.

Spaniard (somebody from Spain or of Spanish descent)


sangre

From Old Spanish sangre, from Latin sanguis, sanguinem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, oblique stem of *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”).


livro

livro m (Hebrew spelling ליב׳רו, plural livros)

ליב׳רו (Hebrew)
livros (plural)
libro (alternative)
liƀro (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish libro, from Latin liber, librum.

Malgrado su simplisidad, el Meam Loez es un livro bazado sovre una rika i serioze dokumentasion, ke inkluye a todas las prinsipales ovras de baza del djudaizmo.

1979 July, “Meam Lopez: Ensiklopedia Relijioza del Djudaizmo Sefaradi”, in Aki Yerushalayim, archived from the original on 2020-12-03, page 20:

Despite its simplicity, the Meam Loez is a book based on a rich and serious documentation, which includes all the basic working principles of Judaism.

book (a collection of sheets of paper bound together to hinge at one edge, containing printed or written material, pictures, etc)


miel

Inherited from Old Spanish miel, myel (“honey”), from Vulgar Latin *melem m or f, from Latin mel n.

Los pastelikos vo kumer kon almendrikas y la miel.

I’m going to eat little pastries with almonds and honey.

honey (sticky sweet substance that bees produce)


fe

La kreensia en la yegada del Mashiah, punto sentral en la fe de los mekubalim, se ilustra en la sigiente leyenda sovre Rabi Yitshak Luria: […]

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 9:

The trust in the Messiah's arrival, [a] central point in the cabalists' faith, is illustrated in the following legend of Rabi Yitshak Luria…


oveja

From Old Spanish oueja, from Latin ovicula (“little sheep”), diminutive of ovis (“sheep”), from Proto-Italic *owis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis.


agua

Inherited from Old Spanish agua, from Latin aqua (compare Catalan aigua, French eau, Galician auga, Italian acqua, Occitan aiga, Portuguese água, Romanian apă, Sardinian abba), from Proto-Italic *akʷā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ékʷeh₂. See English ea.

Kale ajustado a esto un poko de agua i un poko de arina…

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 237:

A little water and a little flour needs to be added to this…


patata

Inherited from Old Spanish patata, from Taíno batata.


sumo

Inherited from Old Spanish çumo, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic زُوم (zūm, “juice, sap”), from Ancient Greek ζωμός (zōmós).

Otras biviendas eran los shurbetes (¹²) (şerbet en turko) de agua i sumo de fruta, i sovre todo de vijna, i la subiá (sübiye en turko) (o pipitada en djudeo‐espanyol), echa del sumo de las pipitas de melón sekadas i molidas, i metidas en mojo en agua en un panyo.

2003, “Sefárdica”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 71:

Other beverages were sherbet (şerbet in Turkish) from water, fruit juice, and above all from cherries, and melon seed juice (sübye in Turkish, or pipitada in Judezmo), made from the juice of dried and ground melon kernels, and dipped in fabric in water.


porto

I ala onze [6 AM], ala turka, vinyeron en grande akompanyamyento delos askyeres turkos adelantre i detras, kompanyas de soldados de kada nasyon ke fueron dezbarkados delas naves, djunto todos los viche-amirales i komandantes, i ofisyeres de kada nave ke se topo en muestro porto.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, translated by Isaac Jerusalmi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 276:

And at eleven [6 A.M.], a great escort of Turkish soldiers came ahead of and behind the Turk; companies of soldiers from every nation disembarked from the ships, together with all the vice-admirals, commanders, and officers from every ship found in our port.


bestia

Inherited from Old Spanish bestia (“beast”), from Latin bēstia (“beast”).

inh+

Durante la gerra, kuando estávamos en Mombaroccio, el papá refuzó siempre de komer karne de puerko i de bestias muertas.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 78:

During the war, when we were in Mombaroccio, dad always refused to eat meat from pigs and dead animals.


mano

Inherited from Old Spanish mano, from Latin manus, from Proto-Italic *manus, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂-r̥ ~ *mh₂-én-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon”), or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mon-u- (see the Proto-Italic entry). Cognate with French main, Galician man and Portuguese mão.

der

En la mano tiene una rizá estrechada en el punyo i lo d’afuera komo una roza al derredor de la mano.

1998, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Mil i un Djoha, Matilda Koén-Sarano, page 14:

She has in hand a handkerchief crumpled in her fist and like a rose around the hand from outside.


salud

Mi ijo - disho la madre - no es verdad. La salud es una trezoro mas presiozo ke todo el oro del mundo.

1979, Kamelia Shahar, “La verdadera felisidad”, in Aki Yerushalayim, number 1, page 6:

My son - said the mother - it's not true. Health is a treasure more precious than all the gold in the world.


ברית

bor

Hebrew בְּרִית


pero

lad-noun

pero m (Hebrew spelling פירו, plural peros)

פירו (Hebrew)
peros (plural)
perro (alternative)

[…] daré a komer a tu karne a los peros i mataré a tođos los enemigos de Yisrael ke en Ṣārfáṯ.

1979, Pascual Pascual Recuero, editor, Antología de cuentos sefardíes, Ameller, →ISBN, page 115:

I shall give your meat to the dogs and I shall slay every enemy of Israel that [is] in Sharfat.

Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris#Translingual

Canis lupus familiaris
Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual

dog (the species Canis familiaris (sometimes designated Canis lupus familiaris), domesticated for thousands of years and of highly variable appearance because of human breeding)


luna

From Latin lūna, from Proto-Italic *louksnā, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂.


lago

lago m (Hebrew spelling לאגו, plural lagos)

Cognate of Spanish lazo from Vulgar Latin *laceum, ultimately from Latin laqueus (“snare”).


lingua

lingua f (Hebrew spelling לינגוה, plural linguas)

לינגוה (Hebrew)
linguas (plural)
alguenga (alternative)
aluenga (alternative)
eluenga (alternative)
lengua (alternative)
luenga (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish lengua (“tongue”), from Latin lingua. Cognate with Spanish lengua and more distantly Yiddish צונג (tsung).

inh+

Aún kon esto se siente akí ke mos topamos delantre de la lingua eskrita del autor mizmo, ke en realidad es únika.

1999, Eliezer Papo, La megila de Saray, E. Papo, page 6:

Even with this, here it feels that we find ourselves before a written language from the same author, who in reality is unique.

(countable) language (a body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication)


natura

From Old Spanish natura, borrowed from Latin nātūra (compare Spanish natura).


santo

lad-noun

santo m (Hebrew spelling סאנטו, feminine santa)

Inherited from Old Spanish santo, sancto, from Latin sānctus.

Este es un kuento atado a una eksperiensa emosional sovrenatural, ke sea una eksperiensa emosional sovrenatural, ke sea una eksperiensa emosional relijioza personal, komo por exemplo un kuento sovre un santo sovrenatural o sovre un amahamiento mirakolozo, ke se trate de una eksperiensia emosional de un enkontro kon un ser sovrenatural o de un ser de otro mundo, komo un guerko o un fantazma.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 28:

This is an account connected to an emotional supernatural experience, whether it be an emotional supernatural experience, or a personal emotional religious experience, as for example an account about a supernatural saint or about a miracle cure, it is about an emotional experience from an encounter with a supernatural being or a being from another world, like a demon or a ghost.


movimento

movimentos (plural)
movimiento (alternative)
movimyento (alternative)


numero

La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XV ma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy.

1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, in Aki Yerushalayim, archived from the original on 2020-12-03, page 11:

The first of them is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th century but which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.


andar

Borrowed from Portuguese andar (“floor”).

bor+

apartment (domicile occupying part of a building)

walk; walking (how one moves on the feet)


ספרדי

lad-noun

ספרדי m (Latin spelling sefardí, plural ספרדים)


vino

Inherited from Old Spanish vino, bino (“wine”), from Latin vīnum (compare Catalan vi, French vin, Italian vino, Portuguese vinho, Romanian vin, and English wine), from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.

El bostezo va de boka en boka, komo el vino de bota en bota.

2006, Beki Albukrek Bardavid, Fani Aelion Ender, De punta pie a kavesa, Gözlem, page 39:

Yawning travels from mouth to mouth, as wine from wineskin to wineskin.

wine (an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%)


duda

Inherited from Old Spanish dubda (“doubt”).

inh+

Vered, viendo ke eyos no se estavan emosionando, i ke estavan en duda, se kedó en duda i eya.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 190:

Vered was left in doubt, seeing that they were unexcited, and that they were in doubt.

El ignorante non tiene duda porke entiende poko de nada

The ignorant have no doubt because they understand little about anything.


memoria

מימורייה (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish memoria (“memory”), from Latin memoria.

En mi corason esta tu memoria santa
Dia i noce de mi no se aparta

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 11:

In my heart lies your holy memory, day and night it separates not from me.

memory (the ability of the brain to record information; the ability to remember)


dedo

From Old Spanish dedo, from Latin digitus.


koza

קוזה (Hebrew)
cosa (alternative)
cośa (alternative)
cozza (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish cosa (“thing”), from Latin causam (“thing”). Compare Spanish cosa (“thing”).

La primera koza dunke ke se nota en la kuzina djudeo‐espanyola es la manera turka de azer kada día el arroz, ke se kome en grandes kantidades i no manka ni un día en la meza del djudío proveniente del Impero Otomano.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 70:

The first thing noted in the Judaeo‐Spanish kitchen is the Turkish style of making rice daily, which is eaten in great quantities and is never absent for one day from the table of the Jew originating from the Ottoman Empire.


padre

lad-noun

padre m (Hebrew spelling פאדרי, feminine madre)

Inherited from Old Spanish padre (“father”), from Latin patrem, pater, from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.

inh+

Mi padre tambyen favlava el ladino ma konoseva de mas el turko, el franses i el grego, ke favlava sin el mizmo aksento ke teniyamos, los otros, i pareseva grego halis.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 9:

My father also spoke Judezmo but he knew more Turkish, French and Greek; he spoke without the same accent that we ourselves had, and he seemed like [an] authentic Greek.

Mi padre sigió el konsejo del kadí i en un punto saltó sovre el kavayo, le dio una kon el zingí, i el kavayo se empesó a bolar.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 47:

My father followed the Qadi’s advice and at one point he left by horse; [somebody] gave him one with the stirrup, and the horse started to flee.


pulga

Inherited from Old Spanish pulga, from Vulgar Latin *pūlica, from Latin pūlex (whence English puce), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plúsis.

La limpyeza era el fetcho de una banda de perros errantes, flakos i yenos de pulgas ke se kargavan de desbarasar los montones de suzyeda.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 221:

Cleanliness was in a pack of stray dogs’ [best] interest, as they were weak and lousy from so much filth.

flea (a small, wingless, parasitic insect of the order Siphonaptera, renowned for its bloodsucking habits and jumping abilities)


fin

From Old Spanish , semi-learned term from Latin fīnis.


segundo

Inherited from Old Spanish secundo (“twoth”), from Latin secundus. Doublet of según. Related to seguir (“follow”).

Es tu vida, ke kolay se puede efasar en un segundo.

2006, Los Muestros, numbers 62–69, R. Capuia, page 42:

It’s your life; how easy it can be erased in a second.

(figurative) second (short amount of time)


gato

From Late Latin cattus. See cat for more.


vez

lad-noun

vez f (Hebrew spelling ב׳יז, plural vezes)

ב׳יז (Hebrew)
vezes (plural)
ves (alternative)

From Latin vicis (“change, alternation”).


bandiera

From Italian bandiera, ultimately from Italian banda. Compare Spanish bandera, Sicilian bannera and Portuguese bandeira.


virus

El antisemitizmo es un prejudizio, komo un virus.

2018 February 7, Dora Niyego, “El Antisemitizmo De Oy”, in Şalom:

Antisemitism is a prejudice, like a virus.


aire

איירי (Hebrew)
airi (alternative)
ayre (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish aire, ayre, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr).

Por las calles, circulan algunas mujeres livianamente vestidas, curbadas por al frio, allas van bujcar de cualo meter un pedaso de pan bajo sue dientes o algun poco de carvon para callentar sus criaturas dejadas en casa onde el aire, la luvia, y la nieve entran de todas las partas.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 277:

Some conveniently dressed women circulate through the streets, crooked from the cold; they go seeking some way to put a piece of bread between their teeth, or a little bit of coal to warm their babies left at home where the wind, rain, and snow get everywhere.


ero

En el pantheon de los eros durante la Shoah se topa Chiune Sugihara, ke era konsul jeneral de la Japonya en la sivdad Kaunas de la Litvanya.

2019 February 27, Metin DELEVİ, “El Samuray ke salvo a miles de djudios de los nazis”, in Şalom:

In the pantheon of heroes during the Shoah you'll find Chiune Sugihara, who was consul general of Japan in the city of Kaunas in Lithuania.


mar

Inherited from Old Spanish mar (“sea”), from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Vinieron al bodre de la mar. Avía un barko, i los ombres se suvieron enriva del barko, i él se suvió kon eyos. Empesaron a lavorar a las velas, i el barko partió.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Vejés liviana, נור הפקות, page 59:

They came to the sea’s edge. There was a ship, and the men climbed on top of it, and it rose up with them. They began to work on the sails, and the ship departed.


hora

A fin de no dar lugar a una aglomeracion en masa, los interesados son rogados de querer bien apresurarsen a retirar los billetos de entrada en los días y las horas fixadas.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11-34, page 68:

In order to leave no room for mass settlement, the interested are implored to want to really hurry up taking out the entry tickets on the fixed days and hours.


pile

Aki Yerushalayim and French orthography spelling of pila used in Kosovo, North Macedonia, Old Yishuv of Jerusalem, West Bulgaria and Ruse.


avel

From Hebrew אוויר (avír), from Ancient Greek ᾱ̓ήρ (āḗr).


rey

From Old Spanish, from Latin rēx, rēgem (compare Spanish rey), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).


vara

lad-noun

vara f (Hebrew spelling ב׳ארה, plural varas)

Inherited from Old Spanish vara, from Latin vāra (“fork”). Cognate with Catalan, Galician, and Portuguese vara.

(diminutive form, typography) The rafe lines in the shape of crossbars that can be used in Ladino orthography as diacritics on Hebrew script to alter the sound of letters to create new letters; a breve diacritic (˘) is placed on top of letters to form fricative consonant sounds, such as changing פ (/p/) into פﬞ (/f/); usually referred to by the diminutive varika (“little crossbar”).


מלאך

מלאך m (Latin spelling malah, plural מלאכים)


grip

Borrowed from French grippe (“influenza”).


puerta

From Old Spanish puerta, from Latin porta.


ojo

From Old Spanish ojo, from Vulgar Latin oclus, from Latin oculus.


haver

lad-noun

haver m (Hebrew spelling חאב׳יר, plural haverim)


מלך

מלך m (Latin spelling meleh, plural מלכים)


espada

Inherited from Old Spanish espada, from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē).

Todos los ke toman espada, kon espada se deperderan.

All who take up the sword shall perish by the sword.

(countable) sword (a long bladed weapon with a grip and typically a pommel and crossguard (together forming a hilt), which is designed to cut, stab, slash and/or hack)


model

En analizando objektivamente la kestion, vemos ke en siguidad de las polimikas entre estos dos jurnalistas, Sabetay Leon, fue atakado juntos sus amigos de su partido komo "vendido" i "dalkavuk", loke no es verdad, visto ke todos los konosemos ke el es un model de "dezenteresamiento".

1994, Eli Shaul, Folklor de los judios de Turkiya, Isis, →ISBN, page 152:

In objectively analysing the question, we see that after the polemics between the journalists, Sabetay Leon was attacked along with his friends of his party as ‘a sellout’ and ‘a bootlicker’, which is untrue, seeing everything that we know of them which is a model of ‘indifference.’

La lengua de kultura ke el admirava i ke konosia su literatura era el fransez, i esta es la lengua ke el eskojo komo model para el djudeo espanyol kulto.

2000, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 62–64, page 94:

The language that he admired and whose literature that he knew was French, and this is the language that he chose as a model for educated Judezmo.


bira

bira f (Hebrew spelling בירה, plural biras)

Most likely borrowed from Arabic بِيرَة (bīra) or Hebrew בִּירָה (bíra).


septembre

סיפטימברי (Hebrew)


pila

Lávate las manos en la pila.

Avía una pila de livros en la mesa.


dulse

From Latin dulcis (compare Spanish dulce).


farina

From Old Spanish farina, from Latin farīna (“flour, meal”), from far (“kind of grain”).


hamal

From Turkish hamal, from Arabic حَمَّال (ḥammāl).


kay

Borrowed either from Asturian cai or Catalan call, from Latin callem.


nave

Inherited from Old Spanish naf, naue, from Latin nāvem, nāvis, from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us. Cognate with English nave, navigate, and navy.

I ala onze [6 AM], ala turka, vinyeron en grande akompanyamyento delos askyeres turkos adelantre i detras, kompanyas de soldados de kada nasyon ke fueron dezbarkados delas naves, djunto todos los viche-amirales i komandantes, i ofisyeres de kada nave ke se topo en muestro porto.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, translated by Isaac Jerusalmi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 276:

And at eleven [6 A.M.], a great escort of Turkish soldiers came ahead of and behind the Turk; companies of soldiers from every nation disembarked from the ships, together with all the vice-admirals, commanders, and officers from every ship found in our port.

(nautical) ship (a water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat)


siesta

Inherited from Old Spanish siesta, from Latin sexta (hora) (“sixth hour; noon”), feminine of sextus (“sixth”). Cognate with Catalan and Portuguese sesta.

Kadal diya, despues de aver kantado, dansado i konversado, kada una de eyas se iva para una siesta debasho de un arvole aparrte, sin ke kada una veyga a la otra.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 225:

Every day, after having sung, danced and talked, each of them would go have a siesta separately under a tree, otherwise they’d all come to the other.

(countable) siesta (a nap, especially an afternoon one taken during the hottest part of the day in some cultures)


paz

Inherited from Old Spanish paz, from Latin pācem, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. Cognate with Spanish paz.

Oy avlamos de una kolaborasion ekonomika i politika para salvar la paz en el mundo.

1990, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 41–44, page 4:

Today are talking about a politico-economic collaboration to secure peace in the world.


mujer

mujer f (Hebrew spelling מוּז׳יר, plural mujeres)

מוּז׳יר (Hebrew)
mujeres (plural)
muzher (alternative)

From Old Spanish mugier, from Latin mulierem.


ley

Inherited from Old Spanish ley, from Latin lēgem (whence English legal and legitimate), from Proto-Italic *lēg-, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-s, from *leǵ- (“to gather”).

Ya meldatesh por seguro en las gazetas ke el governo esta aparejando una ley grasias a la kuala no va aver mas estos terribles "bekchis" vinidos espesilamente de Anadol i los kualos kon sus espavoresientes sopas azian tanto espantar a todos akeyos ke tienen el koraje de durmir repozados en sus lechos.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 71:

Now you certainly read in the papers that the government is preparing a law thanks to whoever is no longer having more [of] these terrible ‘guards’, especially from Anadol, coming with their frightening clubs, terrifying everybody who has the courage the sleep soundly in bed.


persona

Inherited from Old Spanish persona, from Latin persōna (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword from Etruscan *𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (*φersu, “mask”), from Ancient Greek πρόσωπον (prósōpon).

inh

Sus madre viendolos tristes i abatidos les disho: Mis ijos, basta de kreyer solo en la rikeza. La persona verderamente oroza es la ke se kontenta kon lo ke le dio el Dió.

1979, Kamelia Shahar, “La verdadera felisidad”, in Aki Yerushalayim, number 1, page 6:

Their mother, seeing them sad and humbled, said to them: My children, stop believing only in wealth. The person who is truly happy is the one who is content with what God has given them.


lunes

From Old Spanish [Term?], from Latin Lūnae dīēs, variant of dīēs Lūnae.

aljhad · lunes · martes · mierkoles · djueves · viernes · shabat [edit]


martes

Inherited from Old Spanish martes, from Latin Mārtis dīes, variant of diēs Mārtis.

Doktor Ehrenpreyz partyo de Sofya la noche de martes, 7 agosto 1914.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria: Estudio y edición crítica de la obra «Notas istorikas» de Avraam Moshe Tadjer, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, →ISBN, page 418:

Doctor Ehrenpreyz left Sofia on August 7, 1914, Tueday night.

Tuesday (the third day of the week in many religious traditions, and the second day of the week in systems that use the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Monday and precedes Wednesday)


ora

Inherited from Old Spanish ora, hora, from Latin hōra (“hour”).

En la ora mas apretada i eskura, kwando la partida parese pyedrida, los dados de el destino se aboltan en mwestra favor, i kwando ya parese ke mos deshan zulá, salimos empyés komo los gatos ke los asegien i se suven en algún árvol ande no lo pweden alkansar.

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, Voices from Jewish Salonika, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 415:

In the most stressful and darkest hour, when the party appears lost, destiny's gifts turn up in our favour, and when it appears that it is leaving us in destitution, we leave on foot like the cats who chase them and they climb up some tree where they can't reach someone.

(time) hour (a unit of time of one twenty-fourth of a day (sixty minutes))


grande

Inherited from Old Spanish grande, from Latin grandem (“large; great”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ghrewə- (“to fell, put down, fall in”). Cognate with Spanish grande.

der

Esta chirkolar me la dyeron en mi mano por ke la fuera afirmada de todos los grandes.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 239:

They handed me this notice so that all of the dignitaries would sign it.


barko

Probably from barka. Compare Spanish barco.


bovo

From Latin balbus (“stuttering”), influenced by sound symbolism. Compare Spanish bobo.


fiesta

Inherited from Old Spanish fiesta, from Late Latin fĕsta, from Latin fēsta, plural of fēstum. It is unclear why the initial f- stayed in this word instead of becoming the expected h-.

Si keresh ver ermoza fiesta esta noche vos envito a una maraviyoza kazika.

2001, Aki Yerushalayim, volume 22, page 45:

If you lot want to see a beautiful party tonight, I am sending you to a wonderful little house.

party (gathering of guests for entertainment, fun and socializing)

La fiesta de Soucoth que el Pentatioco (cinco livros de la ley) llama Hag Aasif, la fiesta de la recolta, es la mas importante y la mas alegre por un pueblo esencialmente agricultor segun era el pueblo de Israel.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 105:

The festival of Sukkot that the Pentateuch calls Hag Aasif, the harvest festival, is the most important and the most joyful for an essentially agricultural people as were the people of Israel.

Roş Aşana es una fiesta de famiya!

1997, Salamon Bicerano, Relatos en lingua judeo-espanyola, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., page 308:

festival (event or series of special events centred on the celebration or promotion of some theme or aspect of the community, often held at regular intervals)

En noembri 1918, a la okazyon de la desizyon de las grandes potensyas por el kriamiento de un estado djudyo en Palestina, el Gran Rabinato de akordo kon el governo bulgaro dyo instruksyones a las komunidades por fiestar en el 29 noembri, primer dia de hanuka, lo mas solenelmente esta fiesta.

2017 June 12, Amor Ayala, Los sefardíes de Bulgaria, De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 372:

In November 1918, on the occasion of a decision by the great powers for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine, the Grand Rabinate, in agreement with the Bulgarian government, gave instructions to the communities to celebrate on November 29, the first day of Chanukkah, this holiday with much festivity.

holiday (day on which a festival, religious event, or national celebration is traditionally observed)

Ma mizmo en estos momentos de fiesta i alegria, no podimos evitar de apuntar ke ainda semos enfrentados por graves peligros, entre otras en el kampo finansiario tambien, komo konsekuensa de las restriksiones de estos ultimos anyos en los budjetos de las institusiones kulturales en Israel i de la difikultad kada vez mas grande, de obtener el ayudo del kual tenemos menester.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 4:

Yet even in these moments of joy and happiness, we could not avoid emphasizing that we remained confronted by grave dangers, among others in the financial camp as well, as a consequence of the restrictions of these last years in Israel's institutions' culturals budgets and from the worse difficulty every time of getting help for what we need.


haber

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish خبر (haber) (compare Turkish haber), from Arabic خَبَر (ḵabar).


bora

From Greek βορράς (vorrás, “north; violent north wind”), from Ancient Greek Βορρᾶς (Borrhâs).


noche

נוג׳י (Hebrew)
noce (alternative)
noče (alternative)
notche (alternative)

From Old Spanish noche (“night”), from an earlier *noite, from Latin noctem, accusative of nox.

Alhad la noche vamos a asender la primera kandela de muestras Hanukiyas.

2019, Silvyo OVADYA, “Hanukah Alegre”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

Sunday night we're going to light the first candle on our Hanukiyas.


dormitorio

lad-noun

dormitorio m (Hebrew spelling דורמיטורייו)

דורמיטורייו (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish dormitorio, from Latin dormītōrium.

Una placa en su nombre fue egualmente plasada a la cavesera de un lecho de el dormitorio de este Establecimiento.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 356:

A plaque in their name was likewise placed at the head of a bed in this establishment’s bedroom.

bedroom (a room in a house, apartment, hotel, or other dwelling where a bed is kept for sleeping)


desayuno

La Turquia viene de perder una figura de las mas marcantes de su mediqueria, con la disparicion del Prof. Besim Ömer Akalin, general medico y deputado de Bilcik, que quedo de vivir subitamente el 20 de Marso ultimo en tomando su desayuno en el Restaurante Municipal de Ankara.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 316:

Türkiye has lost one of the most impressive figures in its field of medicine, with the loss of Prof. Besim Ömer Akalin, Bilcik’s general practioner and deputy, who suddenly ceased to live on the 20th last March as he was having breakfast in Ankara’s Municipal Restaurant.


zumo

El pueblo que corió numerośo a_la trecera repreśentación ²⁵³ de Reśurección [S.n, 6 mayo] dio la repuesta merecida a aquel se. que en «El Progreso» cualificó este dram de «cristiano» y a aquel se. que en el miśmo ĵornal esprimió todo el zumo de su meollo para dećir que la obra tanto pura del gloriośo caneź de Yasnaia Poliana ²⁵⁴ es una obra imorala.

1983, Elena Romero, Repertorio de noticias sobre el mundo teatral de los sefardíes orientales, Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press, →ISBN, page 293:

The people that ran [in] great number to the third representation of Reśurección gave the well earned response to that gentleman in ‘El Progreso’ who qualified this ‘Christian’ drama, and to that gentleman who expressed in the same journal all of his brain’s juices saying that the work, so pure from the glorious old man Yasnaia Poliana, is an immoral work.


primo

Inherited from Old Spanish primo (“cousin”), from Latin (cōnsobrīnus) prīmus.

inh+

Nacido en 1877, nieto del conde Henri d'Avigdor, amigo intimo de Napoleon III, Sir Osmond ajusto a su nombre, aquel de Goldsmid, a la muerte de su primo Sir Julien Goldsmid, donde el era el heredador.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 407:

Born in 1877, grandson to Henri d’Avigdor, close friend of Napoleon III, Sir Osmond added Goldsmid to his name on the death of his cousin Sir Julien Goldsmid, where he was the heir.


prima

Bella — Oh Dio! El es mi padre!
Rivka — I el marido de mi prima. Ya me alegri muncho, es un buen ombre i mos keremos muncho bien, por siguro ke ya te va mirar komo un ijo suyo.

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 291:

Bella — Oh God! He’s my father!
Rivka — And my cousin’s husband. Now he really pleased me; he is a good man and we love each other very much, definitely now that he is going to see you like his child.


parte

Inherited from Old Spanish parte (“part”), from Latin partem, from Proto-Italic *partis.

Y disho Ribi Azarya ke la alma su lugar es en el korason, ke esta en medio del puerpo para alumbrar por todas partes i sostener todos los miembros, según kuando esta el sol en medio del sielo ke esta el mundo klaro.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 88:

And Rabbi Azarya said that the soul's place is in the heart, which lies in the body’s centre to lighten every part and sustain the limbs, as when the sun is centred in the sky the earth [looks] clear.

part; section; portion; share; piece; bit; cut; proportion

Y quatro ruedas de arambre al aſſiẽto el vno, y tablas de arambre, y quatro ſus rincones ombreras à ellos: debaxo al aguamanil las ombreras fundidas de parte de cada vno à los ayuntamientos, Y ſu boca de entro à la corona, y arriba con cobdo.

1553, “Reyes Primero, VII”, in Yom Tob Atías, Abraham Usque, transl., Biblia de Ferrara, page 244:

And every base had four brazen wheels, and axles of brass; and the four feet thereof had undersetters; beneath the laver were the undersetters molten, with wreaths at the side of each, and the mouth of it within the crown and above was a cubit high.


fortuna

פ׳ורטונה (Hebrew)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فورطنه (furtuna, fırtuna, fırtına), from Venetan fortuna, from Latin fortūna (“misfortune”). Compare Romanian furtună.

bor+

Ke la mar / Esta en fortuna / Mira ke te va yevar

Because the sea / is under a storm / take heed so it doesn't drag you.

squall, tempest, a storm with severe winds


fortuna

פ׳ורטונה (Hebrew)

Borrowed from Latin fortūna, from fors (“chance, luck”).

Eyos son ainda chikos i povres. Para kualo kazarlos antes ke eyos tengan una fortuna?

They remain small and poor. Why marry them before they become wealthy?

Fortuna mos traye aki, prezentados kon una boz rika i melodioza, kon akompanyamientos de una ekselente orkestra, […]

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 78:

Fortune brings us here, it presents us with a rich and melodious voice with the accompaniments of an excellent orchestra.


ama

Inherited from Old Spanish ama (“wetnurse”), from Late Latin amma, q.v.

inh+

[…] 'Hagar es buena i resive influensa de su ama, amiga i senyora Sara, ke es buena mujer i madre.

1997, Aki Yerushalayim: revista de las emisiones de Israel en djudeo-espaniol, numbers 56-58, page 45:

Hagar is good and is influenced by her mistress, friend and lady Sarah, who is a good woman and mother.


número

Borrowed from Latin numerus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to assign, allot; take”).

der

el número 100

Mozotros dagidiyávamos las tabelas a una o a dos a kad'uno, según el número de los partisipantes, i la mamá mos divizava las avikas o los botones ke sirvían de parás.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 100:

We distributed the signs by one or two each, according to the number of participants, and the mother divided for us the white beans or buttons that worked as currency.


governo

Compare Italian governo, Portuguese governo, Spanish gobierno.


vida

From Latin vīta. Cognate with Spanish vida.


verdad

lad-noun

verdad f (Hebrew spelling בﬞירדאדﬞ, plural verdades)

בﬞירדאדﬞ (Hebrew)
verdades (plural)
vedra (alternative)
verda (alternative)
vardá (alternative)

לוארי טו נומברי פור טו מירסידﬞ אי פור טו בﬞירדאדﬞ.

Loare tu nombre por tu merçed y por tu verdad.

I shall praise your name for your mercy and for your truth.


marido

Inherited from Old Spanish marido, from Latin marītus.

I su marido aze tefila por eya de kontino ke oyga el Sefer Tora ke en pokos diyas la sake de entre los bivos i tienen kada ora 'pleto i ketata ' i kavza ke se destruye la kaza i los kelim.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 35:

And her husband prayed constantly for her to hear the Seder Torah; that in a few days she take take it from amongst the living, and that they ‘fight and brawl’ hourly, and that it cause the house and the tools to be destroyed.


asi

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish عاصی (“rebel”).


boca

El bostejo va de boca en boca, como el pašarico de oja en oja.

Yawning goes from mouth to mouth like the bird from bough to bough.


viento

From Old Spanish viento, from Latin ventus.


dolor

From Old Spanish dolor, from Latin dolor, dolōrem.


animalia

אנימאלייה (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish animalia, from Latin animālia, plural of animal. Doublet of alimanya and animal.

[…] i no digas: fulano es fermozo i yo no, ke bien saves ke deske el ombre es muerto, ke no se kuenta salvo por animalia muerta.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 59:

And don’t say: so and so is handsome and I’m not; you know well that since the man is dead that he doesn’t count except as a dead animal.


adam

[…] una kapa roja y medinas negros, un perro cerka, todo echo magnifica, kada punto perfecto en el suave prado de erba y flores, kuadro por kuadro donde estaba en pie el adam riko.

2004, Los Muestros, numbers 56–64, R. Capuia:

A red cape and black cities, nearly a dog, every magnificent work, every perfect point in the smooth meadow of grass and flowers, frame by frame where the rich man stood.


fuego

Inherited from Old Spanish fuego, from Late Latin focus (“fire”), from Latin focus (“hearth”).


fey

Inherited from Old Spanish fe, fee, from Latin fidēs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to command, to persuade, to trust”).

inh

El consacro su sermon a las doctrinas mosaicas y relevo, con la fey y piosa conviccion que lo caracterisan, las valores permanentes del judaismo.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 378:

He devoted his sermon to the Mosaic doctrines and established, with the faith and pious conviction that characterise him, Judaism’s eternal values.

Confientes en la permanencia de este afalago, santifiquemos nuestra fey en el avenir.

1940, Moise Parali, “Pessah: Simbolo de rehmision, de libertad y de alegria”, in La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 335:

Trusting in this consolation’s permanence, let us hallow our trust in the future.


oja

Komo kayen las ojas en otonyo

1989, Aki Yerushalayim, volume 10, number 40, page 36:

Pero, en tornando la oja, vemos al cuadro lamentable de una humanidad sufriente, pasando lo que no demando del Dio.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 30:

Nevertheless, upon turning the page, we see a hurtful humanity's wretched frame, passing what it did not demand from God.


arpa

lad-noun

arpa f (Hebrew spelling ארפה, plural arpas)

From Late Latin harpa, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ.

אי טי לוארי קון לה ארפה ,דייו מי דייו.

And I shall praise you upon the harp, God, my God.


verso

Inherited from Old Spanish verso (“verse”).


sonido

From Old Spanish sonido, a semi-learned descendant of Latin sonitus.


nombre

Inherited from Old Spanish nomre, nomne, from Latin nōmen.

[…] en el kamino para ir a la inaugurasion de la Şara de Atatürk, kreyemos ke Demirel se sintiria komo en su kaza en bat‐Yam, onde el nombre de Atatürk tiene valor komo en Turkiya.

1997, Salamon Bicerano, Relatos en lingua judeo-espanyola, Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., →ISBN, page 252:

On the way to get to Şara de Atatürk’s inauguration, we believe that Demirel shall be heard as in his house on bat‐Yam, where Atatürk’s name carries weight as in Türkiye.

Ma, kuando se akodro ke el valiante Amadis no kedo satisfecho de yamarse solo “Amadis” i adjusto el nombre de su reynado i patria para darle fama, i se yamo “Amadis de Gaula”, I el kijo azer lo mizmo, komo un buen kavayero, adjustar al suyo el nombre de la suya, i yamarse “don Kishot de la Mancha”, ke asegun el, deklarava klaramente su linaje i patria, i la onorava en tomandola por alkunya.

2013, Myriam Moscona, Jacobo Sefamí with Martín Fierro, José Hernández, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 222:

Nevertheless, when [someone] remembered that the valiant Amadis was left unsatisfied in merely being called ‘Amadis’, [he] added the name of his kingdom and homeland to make himself famous, and he called himself ‘Amadis of Gaula’, and he kept repeating himself, like a good knight, adding to his name the name of his homeland, and calling himself ‘don Koshot de la Mancha’, as according to him, it was clearly declaring his lineage and homeland, and he was esteeming it in treating it like family.

Mösyö Ehrlich era lehli (ashkenazi) komo ya se entiende de su nombre.

2020 November 25, Eliz Gatenyo, “Ko-Abitasyones”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

Mösyö Ehrlich was Lehli (Ashkenazi), as is already understood from his name.


lugar

Inherited from Old Spanish logar (“place”), from Late Latin locālem, from Latin locus. Doublet of lokal.

Muestros platos, ke provienen de Espanya, de Turkía, de Gresia i de munchos otros lugares, por sus variedad i sus buena savor, pueden trankilamente entrar en los livros de rechetas de todo el mundo.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 221:

Our dishes, which originate from Spain, Türkiye, Greece and many other places, can easily enter everybody’s cookbooks because of their variety and good flavour.


planta

Inherited from Old Spanish planta (“plant”), from Latin planta, from Proto-Italic *plāntā, from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₂-n̥t-eh₂, from *pleh₂- (“flat”).

Sovre una pedana kon una mezika i siyas i una planta vedre estava el entervistador, ke estava entervistado los ke ivan a apareser en el programa.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 284:

Over a footrest with a small round table, chairs, and a green plant was the interviewer, who was interviewing those who were to appear on the programme.

(botany) plant (an organism of the kingdom Plantae)

No vos combatays con ellos, que no daré à vos de ſu tierra haſta piſadura de planta de pie, que heredad à Eſau di à monte de Sehir.

1553, “Deuteronomio, II”, in Yom Tob Atías, Abraham Usque, transl., Biblia de Ferrara, page 131:

Contend not with them; for I will not give you of their land, no, not so much as for the sole of the foot to tread on; because I have given mount Seir unto Esau for a possession.


kultura

Derived from Latin cultūra (“culture”) (compare Spanish cultura), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“I till, cultivate”).

kultura djudia


posta

Borrowed from Italian posta or Ottoman Turkish پوسته (posta, “mail”).

Ay unos kuantos mezes ke la posta no fonksyona para Israel; i es la mizma koza de Israel para la Turkiya.

2025 January 29, Silvyo Ovadya, “Los Evenimyentos de esta semana”, in Şalom:

It’s been a few months since the mail ceased functioning for Israel, and the same goes for Turkiÿe.


nasion

La nasion judia resita orasiones
Eia entona sus alavasiones
O dio ! melezina todas sus pasiones
Termine la aniada i sus maldisiones.

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 8:

The Jewish nation recites prayers, sings [you] its praises—Oh God! Heal all its wounds. End the year and its curses.


boyo

From Old Spanish bollo, from Latin bulla.


pasha

From Ottoman Turkish پاشا (paşa, “a high-ranking Turkish military officer”).

bor

pashaiko (alternative)
pashayiko (alternative)
pasheyko (alternative)

sweety, dear (term of endearment for a man)


biblioteka

From Old Spanish [Term?], borrowed from Latin bibliothēca, from Ancient Greek βιβλιοθήκη (bibliothḗkē, “library”).


madrugada

lad-noun

madrugada f (Hebrew spelling מאדֿרוגאדֿא, plural madrugadas)

מאדֿרוגאדֿא (Hebrew)
madrugadas (plural)


manera

Inherited from Old Spanish manera (“manner”), from Vulgar Latin *man(u)āria, from the feminine of Latin manuārius. Compare Catalan manera, French manière, English manner & Portuguese maneira.

inh+

La primera koza dunke ke se nota en la kuzina djudeo‐espanyola es la manera turka de azer kada día el arroz, ke se kome en grandes kantidades i no manka ni un día en la meza del djudío proveniente del Impero Otomano.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 70:

The first thing noted in the Judaeo‐Spanish kitchen is the Turkish style of making rice daily, which is eaten in great quantities and is never absent for one day from the table of the Jew originating from the Ottoman Empire.


consejo

lad-noun

consejo m (Hebrew spelling קונסיזﬞו, plural consejos)

קונסיזﬞו (Hebrew)
consejos (plural)
konsejo (alternative)

From Old Spanish consejo, from Latin cōnsilium.

ביינאבﬞינטוראדﬞו איל בﬞארון קי נון אנדה אין קונסיזﬞו די מאלוס.

Byenaventurádo el varon que non anda en consejo de malos.

Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked.


acto

Por ke tus actos escondidos, delantre de el son aclarados

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roș Așana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca și D. Baraș, Socieatate in Comandita, page 5:

Because your hidden acts, in front of him are clear


masa

masa f (Hebrew spelling מצה, plural masot)

From Sephardi Hebrew מַצָּה (masá), from Biblical Hebrew מַצָּה (maṩå).


razón

ראזון (Hebrew)
razon (alternative)
raźón (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish raçon, inherited from Latin ratiōnem. Doublet of rasión.

I presto se aleḇantaron kon una kandela a kada uno en sus mano i se fueron a buxkar en todas las kamaretas, de lugar en lugar puede ser toparán alguna koza de ḥamman i no toparon ninguna koza, i nunka les pasó por idea ke en akea kaxa ke le dyo el rey ke aḇía koza de ḥamman adientro de elya, por razón ke elyos ya saḇían ke estaḇa yena de ŷolyas i de piedras ḇalutozas.

1991, Miscelánea de estudios árabes y hebraicos, volumes 37–38, Universidad de Granada, →ISBN, page 20:

And they quickly rose with a candle in each of their hands and left to search every room, from place to place they shall maybe find something from Haman; they found nothing, and it never occurred to them that in that box that the king gave him there was something from Haman inside of it, because they already knew that it was full of jewels and precious stones.

Y esta fue la razón que en caśa, bueno, yo continuaba a hablar con mi padre y mi madre; y mis hijos sintían ladino en caśa y saben algunas palabras; entienden, ma no hablan, porque ellos continuaron solamente con el heḅreo. La razón es reunir una lingua para un pueblo, para un estado.

2008, Margalit Matitiahu, edited by Iacob M. Hassán, Ricardo Izquierdo Benito, Elena Romero, Sefardíes: Literatura y lengua de una nación dispersa, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, →ISBN, page 153:

And this was the reason that in [my] house, well, I kept speaking with my parents, and my children heard Judezmo at home and they know some words; they understand, yet do not speak [it], since they only stuck with Hebrew. The reason is to reunite a language for a people, for a state.

Ah, muncha razón tienes. Cuando venga se los daré.

1910, Yitsja M. Barzilay, edited by Angelina Muñiz-Huberman, Yosef vendido por sus hermanos, Fondo de Cultura Economica, published 2016, →ISBN, page 148:

Ah, how right you are. When [somebody] retaliates I shall give it to them.

Tyénes razón, Pérla presyáda, ken syénte a la mujer no se engánya.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 16:

You are correct, precious Pearl, who listens to the woman who is honest with herself.

(with tener) correctness; rectitude; a point; rightness


personalidad

From Late Latin persōnālitās, from Latin persōna (“mask; character”), from Etruscan 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu), from Ancient Greek πρόσωπον (prósōpon, “face; mask”).


soldado

Likely a derivative of Old Spanish sueldo (“coin”); compare Portuguese soldado, Italian soldato, French soldat. It could also be a calque or imitation of Italian soldato, from the past participle of soldare, from soldo (“money, military pay”).

I ala onze [6 AM], ala turka, vinyeron en grande akompanyamyento delos askyeres turkos adelantre i detras, kompanyas de soldados de kada nasyon ke fueron dezbarkados delas naves, djunto todos los viche-amirales i komandantes, i ofisyeres de kada nave ke se topo en muestro porto.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, translated by Isaac Jerusalmi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 276:

And at eleven [6 A.M.], a great many Turkish soldiers came ahead of and behind the Turk, companies of soldiers from every nation disembarked from the ships, together with all the vice-admirals, commanders, and officers from every ship found in our port.


suelo

Inherited from Old Spanish suelo, from Latin solum (“floor; ground or soil”).

Estas moradas eran tchikas komo "un kulo de pipino", un verdadero hendek. Se kompozavan, kaje syempre, de una unika kamareta kon el suelo de tyerra pizada.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 218:

These houses were small like ‘a cucumber’s bottom’; really [a] pit. They were almost always assembled from a unique room with a flattened land’s soil.

Delante de mi kozina un arbol estaba al suelo, las raïses a l’ayre.

2002, Los Muestros, numbers 46–49, R. Capuia, page 39:

There was a tree on the ground in front of my kitchen, the roots in the air.

Y edificó à paredes de la caſa, dentro, cõ tablas de cedros,de ſuelo de la caſa haſta paredes de avigamiento cubrio de leño de dentro, y cubrio à ſuelo de la caſa con tabla de boxes.

1553, “Reyes Primero, VI”, in Yom Tob Atías, Abraham Usque, transl., Biblia de Ferrara, page 243:

And he built the walls of the house within with boards of cedar; from the floor of the house unto the joists of the ceiling, he covered them on the inside with wood; and he covered the floor of the house with boards of cypress.

(countable) floor (the interior bottom or surface of a house or building; the supporting surface of a room)


movimiento

movimientos (plural)
movimento (alternative)
movimyento (alternative)


frente

From Old Spanish fruente, from Latin frōns, frontis.


libertad

ליבירטאד (Hebrew)


colcha

colchas (plural)
kolcha (alternative)
koltcha (alternative)
kolça (alternative)
קולג׳ה (alternative)

From Old Spanish colcha, either from Latin culcita (“mattress”) or borrowed from Old French culche (Modern French couche), from Old French colchier, from Latin collocō (“put in place”).

En el invierno siempre mos cuvijamos con la colcha porque está muy yelado.

In the winter we always cover ourselves with the quilt because it is very cold.


espejo

From Old Spanish espeio, from Vulgar Latin speclum, from Latin speculum.


enemigo

lad-noun

enemigo m (Hebrew spelling אינימיגו, feminine enemiga)

Inherited from Old Spanish enemigo (“fiend”), from Latin inimīcus, from in- & amīcus (“friend”).

inh+

Sus enemigos, sus bienes, le rovaron.
De su bien si artaron i la espujaron ¹)
I con croeldades su corason razgaron
I eia no abandona sus tradisiones.
Termine la aniada i sus maldisiones.

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 9:

Her foes stole her properties. They were satiated with her property, [then] they engaged her, and they cruelly ripped her heart, [yet] she abandoned not her traditions. End the year and its curses.


patria

Derived from Latin patria (“fatherland”).

der+

Ma, kuando se akodro ke el valiante Amadis no kedo satisfecho de yamarse solo “Amadis” i adjusto el nombre de su reynado i patria para darle fama, i se yamo “Amadis de Gaula”, I el kijo azer lo mizmo, komo un buen kavayero, adjustar al suyo el nombre de la suya, i yamarse “don Kishot de la Mancha”, ke asegun el, deklarava klaramente su linaje i patria, i la onorava en tomandola por alkunya.

2013, Myriam Moscona, Jacobo Sefamí with Martín Fierro, José Hernández, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 222:

Nevertheless, when [someone] remembered that the valiant Amadis was left unsatisfied in merely being called ‘Amadis’, [he] added the name of his kingdom and homeland to make himself famous, and he called himself ‘Amadis of Gaula’, and he kept repeating himself, like a good knight, adding to his name the name of his homeland, and calling himself ‘don Koshot de la Mancha’, as according to him, it was clearly declaring his lineage and homeland, and he was esteeming it in treating it like family.


diente

Inherited from Old Spanish diente (“tooth”), from Latin dentem, dēns, from Proto-Italic *dents, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dénts, *h₃dónts.

inh+

I arankarvos ojo por ojo, diente por diente.

2000, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 62–64, page 95:

And settling yourselves eye for eye, tooth for tooth.


lengua

lad-noun

lengua f (Hebrew spelling לינגוה, plural lenguas)

“Si me olƀidare de ti, ¡O Yᵉrûšāláyim!, se olƀide mi dereĉa, se apege mi lengua a mi paladar, si no me akordare de ti, si no enaltesiere a Yᵉrûšāláyim soƀre la kaƀesera de mi alegría”

1979, Isaac ben Michael Badhav, Ana María Riaño López, Un tratado sefardí de moral, Ameller, →ISBN, page 53:

If I will forget about you, O Jerusalem, [if] my right is forgotten, [if] my tongue sticks to my palate, if I won’t agree with you, if I do not rise to Jerusalem over the leader of my pleasure.

Mi primera lengua fue el espanyol muestro, i syempre fue la lengua de famiya.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 7:

My mother tongue was our Spanish, and it was always our family’s language.


nariz

Inherited from Old Spanish nariz, from Late Latin nārīcem f, ultimately derived from Latin nāris. Compare Galician and Portuguese nariz m, Asturian, Aragonese, and Spanish nariz f, Italian narice f.

cog

Meronym: narizes

[…] kon el ayudo de los organos en la kara del ombre: el ojo — organo de vizion, la oreja para el oido, la nariz para el guezmo i la alguenga para la savor.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 64:

With the help of man’s face’s organs: the eye — organ of seeing, the ear for hearing, the nose for smelling and the tongue for tasting.

(anatomy) nose (a protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)


oreja

Inherited from Old Spanish oreja, from Latin ōricula, variant of auricula. Compare Portuguese orelha.

Djugava de oreja, i no tenia buena oreja !

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 28:

[Somebody] was playing by ear, and [they] did not have a good ear!

(countable) ear (the organ of hearing, consisting of the pinna or auricle, auditory canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes and cochlea)


espalda

From Old Spanish espalda, from metathesis of Vulgar Latin *spatla, from Late Latin spatula (“broad, flat piece”), from classical Latin spatha.


vientre

ב׳יינטרי (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish vientre (“belly”).


estómago

איסטומאגו (Hebrew)
estomago (alternative)
estógamo (alternative)
stómago (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish estomago (“maw”), from Latin stomachus, from Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos, “gullet; stomach”), from στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).

der

Kalía solamente kaminando kon metod, por no kansar de ƀista el estómago tan flako, enforteserlo, i para esto era menester un poko de tiempo.

1978, María del Rosario Martínez González, editor, Un marido entre dos mužeres: novela anónima en ladino, Ameller Ediciones, →ISBN, page 50:

One only needed to walk with [this] method: by avoiding rest until the stomach [was] too weak, strengthening it, and a little time was needed for this.

stomach (an organ in animals that stores food in the process of digestion)


noce

En mi corason esta tu memoria santa
Dia i noce de mi no se aparta

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 11:

In my heart lies your holy memory, day and night it separates not from me.


sistema

lad-noun

sistema m (Hebrew spelling סיסטימה, plural sistemas)

From Latin systēma, from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma).


modelo

Ken save, por enshemplo, ke en el siglo 19 savios djudios eshkenazis komo Avraam Graetz i Leopold Zunz, propozaron de tomar al djudaizmo de Espanya komo modelo para la mueva i mas moderna komunidad djudia ke se estava formando entonses en Almanya?

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 4:

Who knows, for example, that Ashkenazi sages in the nineteenth century such as Avraam Graetz and Leopold Zunz proposed taking Judaism from Spain as [a] model for the new and modern Jewish community that was forming in Germany at the time?


entender

אינטינדיר (Hebrew)
antender (alternative)
entyender (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish entender (“to fathom”), from Latin intendere.


goy

lad-noun

goy m (Hebrew spelling גוי, plural goyim, feminine goya)

גוי (Hebrew)
goyim (plural)
goya (feminine)


doktor

Borrowed from Turkish doktor, from French docteur.


gota

From Old Spanish gota, from Latin gutta.


eskola

En 1829 el governo otomano fonda en Estambol, para los menesteres de su armada, una eskola de medesina ke 10 anyos mas tadre es konvertida en fakultad.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 46:

In 1829, the Ottoman government founds a school in Istanbul, for its army’s needs, a medical school that becomes a faculty one decade later.


chapa

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چاپه (çapa).

bor+

Lavora kon la pala, kavaka kon la chapa,
S’aboka, s’alevanta, el día no s’eskapa!

1997, Moshé Ha-Elión, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 56–58, page 55:

[Somebody] works with the shovel, digs with the pickax; he bends, he rises, the day doesn’t end!


merak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish مراق (merak).

Ich merak no se tome, Tio Ezrá; ni eya, Tia Benuta, no se meraklee del todo (saltó Semayá ke avia sentido la konversasyón).

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, Voices from Jewish Salonika, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 608:

Uncle Ezrá has no worry about anything; neither does Aunt Benuta worry about everything. [Semayá left, having heard the conversation.]

La semana kon sys afanes i lavoros, kon sus merakes i alegrias, pasava markada del kolpo de kanon dando dos vezes al dia la ora a la turka.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 120:

The week with its work and labour, with its sadnesses and joys, was passing marked with a cannon blast going off twice daily and hourly at the Turk.


pulmón

Inherited from Old Spanish pulmon (“lung”), a borrowing from Latin pulmōnem, pulmō (“lung”), from Proto-Indo-European *pléwmō. Doublet of pumón.

inh+

los pulmones se pueden yamar el foyo; la garganta i las narizes, los tubos; la kavidad de la boka, el arko del aire; i las interiores diviziones de la boka, las teklas

The lungs can be called the bellows; the throat and the noses, tubes; the oral cavity the air arch; and the mouth’s interior divisions, keys.

lung (an organ that extracts oxygen from the air)


puerto

Inherited from Old Spanish puerto, from Latin portus, from Proto-Italic *portus, from Proto-Indo-European *pértus (“crossing”), from *per- (“to go forth, to cross”).

(countable, nautical) port (harbor; harbour)

Como ſoſſegaràs y .A. encomendó à ella, à Askelon, y al puerto de la mar? alli la aparejó.

1553, “Yrmeahu, XLVII”, in Yom Tob Atías, Abraham Usque, transl., Biblia de Ferrara, page 348:

How canst thou be quiet? For the Lord hath given it a charge; against Ashkelon, and against the sea-shore, there hath He appointed it.


ombre

From Old Spanish, from Latin homo, hominem.


פאה

פֶּאַה (canonical feminine)
pe’ah (romanization)


avenir

Yo me fui para partisipar al programa de viernes en el otel “Moria‐Plaza” en Yerushalayim, ande do, por radio, una recheta de kuzina, i Tamar se kedó a azerse predizir el avenir.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 362:

I left to participate in the Friday programme in the Moria‐Plaza hotel in Jerusalem/al-Quds, where I gave a cooking recipe through the radio, and Tamar stayed to predict the future.

future (the time ahead; those moments yet to be experienced)


paso

פאסו (Hebrew)
passo (alternative obsolete)

Inherited from Old Spanish paso, from Latin passus (“step, pace”). Cognate with Catalan pas, Galician paso, English pace, pass, Portuguese passo and Romanian pas.

Topandome boracio de ansia sino vino
Io dezvii³) mis pasos de tu camino

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 10:

Finding me drunk from wineless grief, I stray from the steps on my path.

step (advance or movement made from one foot to the other; pace)


חכם

lad-noun

חכם m (Latin spelling haham, plural חכמים)


republika

repúblika (canonical feminine)
ריפובליקה (Hebrew)


tiempo

טיימפו (Hebrew)
tyempo (alternative)
tienpo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish tiempo, from Latin tempus, from Proto-Indo-European *tempos (“stretch”), from the root *temp- (“to stretch, string”). Doublet of tempo.

no tengo tiempo de tomarme sehorá

"Mashalla, topates lo ke bushkates tanto tiempo, en un bogo en el fondo del baul - despues de haloshentos anyos!"

2021 March 31, Esti SAUL, “La kamizika de la kortadura de fashadura ke topi kon los bonbones: La Sorpreza de PESAH”, in Şalom:

"Congratulations, you found what you were looking for after so much time, in a bundle at the bottom of the trunk — after many hundreds of ill yearsǃ"

Wa güeno pasó el tiempo y a todo esto la muĵer seguía tan sana como siempre, fresquita como una lechuga y ferte como un roble.

(Can we date this quote?), “El sheshauni me”, in Voces de Ḥaketía:

So he passed the time and on top of that the woman stayed as healthy as always, fresh as lettuce and strong as oak.

while; period of time; long time; length of time; indeterminate amount of time

La inosensia de los críos de mi tiempo!

(Can we date this quote?), “Purim en Larache”, in Voces de Ḥaketía:

el tiempo está a la nieve

weather (the short term state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, including the temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, wind, etc)


bolsa

From Old Spanish, from Late Latin bursa.


mecate

Borrowed from Spanish mecate, from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl mecatl.


balta

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بالطه (balta). Arabic: بالطة.


paja

From Old Spanish, from Latin palea (“chaff”), from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”).


paras

From Ottoman Turkish پاره (para), from Persian پاره (pâre, “coin, money”).


bondad

Inherited from Old Spanish bondat, from Latin bonitātem. By surface analysis, bueno + -dad. Compare Portuguese bondade.

Con tu peiadad azme bondad i bivire
I no mi apenes sigun io lo meresire.

With your mercy give me goodness and I shall live, and do not punish me as I shall deserve it.


skola

סקולה (Hebrew)
eskola (alternative)
shkola (alternative)
skolije (alternative)

From Latin schola, from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ).


mur

Vó a pozar un mur para la karta de korreo.

I am going to put a stamp on the postcard.


muerto

Inherited from Old Spanish muerto (“dead”), from Vulgar Latin *mortu(s), from Latin mortuus, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥twós, *mr̥tós. Cognate with Bengali মৃত (mrito) / মৃত্যু (mrittu), Hindi मृत (mŕt) / मृत्यु (mŕtyu).

inh+

Los fraguadores les vino kolay de tomar todas las pyedras de ensima los muertos, syendo estas kevuroth eran de los primeros djidyos ke vinyeron de la Espanya.

(Can we date this quote?), Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, chapter 42, in Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, editors, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 290:

It came easy for the builders to take all the dead's tombstones, being that these graves belonged to the first Jews who came from Spain.


boz

From Early Modern Spanish boz, from Old Spanish voz (compare Spanish voz), from Latin vox, vocis, from Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs.


pozo

פוזו (Hebrew)
podjo (alternative)
podzu (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish poço, from Latin puteus. Compare Spanish pozo.

Despues se fue a un pozo la incho de agua, i se abolto a la sivdad fina ke topo a alguna ke tenia menester de agua.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 140:

Then [somebody] went to a well [that someone else] filled with water, and [somebody] returned to the refined city that found someone who needed water.

well (hole sunk into the ground as a source of water, oil, natural gas or other fluids)


bakal

No, sinyor bakal, esto kosta sólo siete!

1988, Miriam Raymond, edited by Matilda Koén-Sarano, De Saragosa a Yerushaláyim: kuentos sefaradís, Zaragoza: Ibercaja, published 1995, →ISBN, page 67:

No, mister shopkeeper, this costs only seven!


sien

A development of Old Spanish sen (“sense, judgement”) (compare Italian senno), influenced by conjugated forms of sentir (“to feel”) (compare siento (“to feel”)). Probably, through the intermediate of a Gallo-Romance source such as Old Occitan sen, from Vulgar Latin *sennus, of Germanic origin (compare Dutch zin (“meaning, intention”), German Sinn (“sense, mind”), Norwegian sinn (“mind”), Swedish sinne (“mind, sense”)), from Proto-West Germanic *sinn, from Proto-Indo-European *sentnos, from Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel”).

Me duelen las sienes.

El etaj de abasho tiene una guertizika delantre, kon siyas i meza i Rivka vistida de un fostan ancho a la Espanyola kon una roza en la sien, asentada, trikotando i asperando a su marido ke es vendedor de limones en el shuk (bazar).

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 280:

The floor below has a small garden inside, with chairs and [a] table, and Rivka wore a wide dress like the Spaniard with a rose on her temple, sitting, crocheting and waiting for her husband, who is a lemon vendor at the market.

(anatomy) temple (part of the skull on the side of the forehead)


prasa

From Ottoman Turkish پراصه (prasa, pırasa), from Greek πράσο (práso).

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual


hiba

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic هيبة (hība, hayba), from Arabic هَيْبَة (hayba).

bor+

(Haketia) dignity, decorum, elegance, ambience of a party


ava

Inherited from Old Spanish faba, from Latin faba, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰabʰ- (“bean”).


raki

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish راقی (rakı), from Arabic عَرَقِيّ (ʕaraqiyy, “of liquor”), from عَرَق (ʕaraq, “sweat; liquor”).


teatro

Derived from Latin theātrum, from Ancient Greek θέατρον (théatron, “a place for viewing”).

der

Nesa, ya arivimos al teatro. Ma ya era tadre: la opera ya avía empesado.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 128:

Nesa, we are already at the theatre. But it [is too] late now: the opera already started.

(countable) theater (a place or building, consisting of a stage and seating, in which an audience gathers to watch plays, musical performances, public ceremonies, and so on)


rio

río (canonical masculine)
ריאו (Hebrew)
río (alternative)
ryo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish rio, ryo, from Vulgar Latin rius (“river”), from Latin rīvus (“a small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós, from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move or set in motion”) and *-wós.

Y Rio ſaliente de Heden, para abrevar al huerto: y de ahi ſe eſpartia y era por quatro cabeças Nõbre del uno Piſſon: el, el arrodeãte à toda tierra de Havilah, que ahi el oro Y oro de la tierra la eſſa bueno:ahi el chriſtal, y piedra de Sohã Y nõbre del rio el ſegundo, Guihõ:el, el arrodeãte á toda tierra de Ethiopia.

1553, “Genesis, II”, in Yom Tob Atías, Abraham Usque, transl., Biblia de Ferrara, page 2:

And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became four heads. The name of the first is Pishon; that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold; and the gold of that land is good; there is bdellium and the onyx stone. And the name of the second river is Gihon; the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Cush.

“Sera komo un arvol plantado serka de la agua ke sus raizes estan asta el rio, raizes munças, no syente kalor, sus ojas kedan syempre freskas, no sufre en el anyo de sekura, i nunka keda de dar su fruto”.

2009, ירון בן־נאה, תורכיה, משרד החינוך, המזכירות הפדגוגית, המרכז לשילוב מורשת יהדות המזרח, page 190:

‘It shall be like a tree planted near water [in] that its roots, many roots, stretch to the river; it feels no heat, its always keeps it leaves fresh, not suffering in the year of drought, and it never ceases to give fruit.’

river (a large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea)


lado

Inherited from Old Spanish lado (“side”), from Latin lātus, whence English latitude. Compare English lateral.

inh+

Akoruto, kuando afita una trajediya, munchos bushkan a deskuvrir un lado positivo.

2019 February 27, Metin DELEVİ, “El Samuray ke salvo a miles de djudios de los nazis”, in Şalom:

Often, when a tragedy takes place, many people try to discover a positive side.


profesor

lad-noun

profesor m (Hebrew spelling פרופ׳יסור, feminine profesora)

Mi profesor de latino i grego ya tinía mas ochenta anyos kuando fue mi profesor en mis últimos anyos de liseo.

2006, Matilda Koén‐Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 114:

My Latin and Greek teacher was already more [than] eighty-years-old when he was my teacher in my last years of high school.


diz

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دیز (diz, “knee”).

bor+

I kero ke este djigante entre i kayga en diz delantre de mi dulse amante […]

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 216:

And I want this giant to enter and fall to his knees before my sweet lover.

(anatomy) knee (in humans, the joint or the region of the joint in the middle part of the leg between the thigh and the shank)


bogo

(countable) bundle (a group of objects held together by wrapping or tying)


kalem

From Ottoman Turkish قلم (kalem), from Arabic قَلَم (qalam), from Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos).

Amorozo del desen deste su chikez, no desha el kalem de su mano.

2017 July 20, Esti SAUL, “Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) i sus Heliogravures Umoristikas”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

In love with design since childhood, he never put the pencil down.


ladrón

lad-noun

ladrón m (Hebrew spelling לאד׳רון, plural ladrones or ladroním)

לאד׳רון (Hebrew)
ladrones (plural)
ladroním (plural)
ladron (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish ladron, from Latin latrōnem. Cognate with Spanish ladrón.

"Sí, esta es una biskikleta rovada", le dize el pulís, "i tú sos el ladrón!"
"Yo? Ladrón?!" se metió a gritar Aharon, "Esta bisikleta yo la trushi de Italia ayer. Na, está sovre mi pasaporto!"
"Ayde, no kontes patranya i ven pishín kon mi!" le disho el pulís, tomándole le bisikleta de la mano i aferrándolo del braso. I se lo yevó a la prezión.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 126:

‘Yes, this is a stolen bicycle,’ the officer said. ‘And you are the thief!’
‘Me? [A] thief‽’ Aharon began to shout, ‘I brought this bicycle from Italy yesterday. For goodness’ sake, it’s on my passport!’
‘Let’s go, stop talking nonsense and come with me, immediately!’ the officer told him, seizing the bicycle in [one] hand from him and holding him by the arm. [Then] he arrived at prison.


kandela

From Latin candēla; compare Spanish candela.

Alhad la noche vamos a asender la primera kandela de muestras Hanukiyas.

2019, Silvyo OVADYA, “Hanukah Alegre”, in Şalom Gazetesi:

Sunday night we're going to light the first candle on our Hanukiyas.


chanta

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چانطه (çanta), from Persian چنته.


bava

First meaning from the hypothesized Vulgar Latin *baba (“drooling, infantile talk”). Second meaning from Greek βαβά (vavá), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *baba.


kal

Borrowed from Hebrew קָהָל (qahál, “community”).

bor+

Se torno el haham dezesperado a su kaza i komio kon muncha ansia, despues de lo kualo metio su vestido blanko de Yom Kippur i entro al kal.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 60:

The sagely yet desperate rabbi returned home and ate anxiously, after which he put on white clothes for Yom Kippur and entered the synagogue.

(countable, Judaism) synagogue (a place of worship for Jews or Samaritans)


alimento

אלימינטו (Hebrew)

En efekto, antes de Pesah las kazas fueron alimpiadas para kitar todo el hamets i vaziadas de todas las rezervas de alimentos komo arina, aroz, avikas, garvansos, etc…

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 490:

Indeed, before Passover houses were cleansed for the ridding of chamets and emptied of all food reserves such as flour, rice, white beans, chickpeas, and so on…


amares

From Hebrew עם הארץ (`am ha-aretz, literally “people of the land”).


chincha

From Mozarabic *činče, itself from Latin cīmicem. Displaced Old Spanish cisme, the native Spanish form.


eleva

lad-noun

eleva f (plural elevas, masculine elevo)


ארון

ארון m (Latin spelling arón, plural ארונות)


pulso

Inherited from Old Spanish pulso, polso (“pulse”), from Latin pulsus.

Eran fetchas de dos plakas grandes, kuvriendo kaje todo el braso (del kovdo al pulso), tenidas entre eyas por unas kadenikas ke fazian el torno del braso.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 68:

They were made from two big slabs, covering almost the entire arm (from the elbow to the wrist), meeting each other through some necklaces that went around the arm.


medra

A metathesis (perhaps euphemistic) of Old Spanish mierda (“shit”), from Latin merdam (“shit”), from Proto-Italic *(s)merdā, from Proto-Indo-European *smerd-h₂- (“stench”). Compare Spanish mierda.

Tomo Nessim un igo, le empusho adientro de la boka de Chibi Liachi.
Le disho Shmuellachi al eskaso: “Tu boka ke koma …”
“Medra!” (²²) adjusto Nessim.
De pishin se troko el igo ke estava adientro de la boka de Chibi Liachi en medra.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 377:

Nessim took a fig [and] pushed it in Chibi Liachi’s mouth. Shmuellachi said of this pampering, ‘Your mouth eats…’
‘Shit’! Nessim added. Then the fig in Chibi Liachi’s mouth switched for crap.


reposo

El reposo i la pasensya se puede ganar kon la sensya.

Peace and patience can be gained with knowledge.


templo

Inherited from Old Spanish templo (cf. also the popular variant tiemplo), borrowed from Latin templum, from Proto-Indo-European *t(e)mp-lo-s, from the root *temp- (“to stretch, string”).

Les agradava tanto el ellenizmo, al punto ke favlavan en grego, imitavan a sus okupantes, yendo fista a fraguar sus kales komo los templos de los paganos, ansi ke se puede ver dainda en los restos del kal de Duro‐Europa, onde avia mizmo dizenyos de benadanes sovre las paredes.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 209:

They liked Hellenism so much that they were speaking in Greek, imitating their occupiers, going up to build their synagogues like the pagans’ temples, such that one can still view the remains of the Dura-Europos synagogue, where there were similar designs from [these] gentlemen on the walls.


tributo

No es una kestion de solamente render tributo a las viktimas en kualkier okazion o oportunidad.

1990, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 41–44, page 4:

It is not a matter of simply giving tribute to the victims on any occasion or opportunity.

Kale ke tu ke me pages tributo o yo kale ke te page tributo.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 178:

You need to pay me tribute or I need to pay you tribute.

tribute (acknowledgment of gratitude, respect or admiration; an accompanying gift)


troncho

Inherited from Old Spanish troncho, from Latin trunculus.

(figuratively) cabbagehead, stupid person


kantar

Inherited from Old Spanish cantar (“to sing”), from Latin cantāre, frequentative of canere. Cognate with English chant.

inh+

Le gusta al azno su gritar, komo al bilbil su kantar.

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, קורס לספרדית־יהודית (לאדינו) למתקדמים, Merkaz Eliacher, Universidad Ben-Gurion en el Negev, page 78:

The donkey likes its shouting, as the nightingale [likes] its singing.


banyo

From Old Spanish banno, from Latin baneum, variant of balneum.


ansia

Topandome boracio de ansia sino vino
Io dezvii³) mis pasos de tu camino

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 10:

Finding me drunk from wineless grief, I stray from the steps on my path.

El dezeo, la ansia de ir ayi ke se reflektan en la primera parte, se trokan en una deskripsion de la sivdad dezeada, […]

1997, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 56–58, page 31:

The desire, the grief of going there is reflected in the first part, they transform into a description of the coveted city.

Staran por siempre libres de teles, de kadenas,
De l’ansia de la muerte, de ambre i de penas.

2000, Moshe 'Ha-Elion, translated by Avner Perets, במחנות המות, מכון מעלה אדומים, →ISBN, page 47:

Forever are they free from iron wires, from chains, from worrying about death, from hunger and from pains.


pan

En esto le dio a su padre trenta guevos, un pan entero i una kacharola de leche.

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 64:

Someone gave their father thirty eggs, wholemeal bread, and a pot of milk in this.

bread (a foodstuff made by baking dough made from cereals)


braso

From Old Spanish braço (compare Spanish brazo), from Latin brachium, from bracchium, from Ancient Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn).


gayo

lad-noun

gayo m (Hebrew spelling גאייו, plural gayos)


rueda

Inherited from Old Spanish rueda (“wheel”), from Latin rota (“wheel”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (“to roll”).

inh+

Y quatro ruedas de arambre al aſſiẽto el vno, y tablas de arambre, y quatro ſus rincones ombreras à ellos: debaxo al aguamanil las ombreras fundidas de parte de cada vno à los ayuntamientos, Y ſu boca de entro à la corona, y arriba con cobdo.

1553, “Reyes Primero, VII”, in Yom Tob Atías, Abraham Usque, transl., Biblia de Ferrara, page 244:

And every base had four brazen wheels, and axles of brass; and the four feet thereof had undersetters; beneath the laver were the undersetters molten, with wreaths at the side of each, and the mouth of it within the crown and above was a cubit high.

wheel (a circular device capable of rotating on its axis, facilitating movement or transportation or performing labour in machines)


tripa

Uncertain; possibly from Arabic تَرْب (tarb, “bowels”), or perhaps connected to Old Norse torf (“turf, sod”) (see e.g. Middle Irish tarpán/torpán (“bunch of grapes; clod”)). See Portuguese tripa and Italian trippa.

cog

Coordinate term: estómago

En mi kaza i en el vizindado, en Izmir, kuando uno tenia koza banala komo fievre, flakeza, dolor de tripa, shushulera (ke es diarea), tos, sovre todo en las kriaturas, antes de yamar al doktor se dava haber a la Ermana Malkuna, porke eya tenia la eksperiensa i savia kualo azer.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 40:

In my house and neighbour in Izmir, when one had something bannal like a fever, weakness, stomach pain, the runs (read: diarrhoea), coughing, especially in kids, one had to give the news to Sister Malkuna before calling the doctor, since she had the experience and knew what to do.

(anatomy) abdomen (the belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, not including the back; or in some lower vertebrates, the portion between the cardiac and caudal regions)

El ijo en la tripa, te beve la sangre/ El ijo afuera, te kema la karne. / El ijo grande, te toma el meoyo.

1994, Eli Shaul, Folklor de los judios de Turkiya, Isis, →ISBN, page 43:

The child inside the womb drinks your blood. The one outside cooks your meat. The big one takes your brain.

(anatomy, countable) uterus (a reproductive organ of therian mammals in which the young are conceived and develop until birth)


pascua

From Vulgar Latin pascua, from Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha, “Passover”), from Aramaic פסחא (paskha), from Hebrew פסח (pesakh).


ambar

From Hebrew אַמְבָּר (ʾambār), from Middle Iranian *ambār. Compare Persian انبار (anbâr).
Or from Turkish ambar, from the same origin.


salata

From Turkish salata or Greek σαλάτα (saláta), ultimately from Venetan salata.

Todos los ke vinieron pudieron komer ligado d’Andirne (Edirne Ciğeri) mizmo kasher, albondigas (koftes) i sarsicha (sucuk) kon salatas.

2019 May 22, Silvio & Eyal Ovadya, “Un evenimyento, una dicha/un proverbo”, in Şalom:

All who came could eat Edirne liver even kosher, meatballs (koftas) and sausage (soudjouk) with salads.


papaz

From Ottoman Turkish پاپاز (papaz), from Greek παπάς (papás, “priest”).


patrimonio

En kuanto a los muzulmanos, segun el mandamiento de sus relijion, eyos konsideran todos sus bienes komo patrimonio del Dio.

1995, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 49–52, page 13:

As for the Muslims, following their faith’s commandment, they consider all of their goods as God’s property.


elektrik

Borrowed from Turkish elektrik, from French électrique.


domate

Borrowed from Turkish domates, from Greek ντομάτα (ntomáta), itself borrowed from Spanish tomate, from Nahuatl tomatl, xītomatl.


buey

From Vulgar Latin *boem, from Latin bovem, accusative singular of bōs.


pelit

From Ottoman Turkish پلیت (“acorn”), from Arabic بلّوط (ballūṭ), from Aramaic בְּלוּטָא / ܒܠܘܛܐ (bəllūṭā, ballūṭā, “oak; acorn”).

bor

Aramaic בְּלוּטָא

a strong, resilient, or sturdy person (by allusion to the toughness of an acorn)


ravia

Inherited from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs. Cognate with English rage.

Ricoje tus ovejas ke leones la sparzieron
Vierte tu ravia sovre los ke mal izieron
A tu santuario eios destruieron
No deşaron ni membrasiones
Termine la aniada i sus maldisiones.

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 8:

Gather your sheep that lions have scattered, pour your anger over those who do evil; they have destroyed your sanctuary, not even leaving memories. End the year and its curses.


estadía

[…] i el ke izo mas empresión fue naturalmente Haím Refael, ke kontó de la Shoá i de estadía en Auschwitz i de komo kedó en vida.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 401:

And the one who made the biggest impression was, naturally, Haím Refael, who recounted the Shoah, the stay in Auschwitz, and how he kept alive.


suegro

lad-noun

suegro m (Hebrew spelling סואיגרו, feminine suegra)

סואיגרו (Hebrew)
suegra (feminine)
esfuegro (alternative)
sfuegro (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish suegro, from Late Latin socrus m, from Latin socer, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂.

Le dan aentender ke asemeja esto a el yerno del rey ke kada dia lo iva a vijitar a su suegro i el le dizia: “Tal koza izistes anoche”.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 90:

They explain that it resembles this like the king's son-in-law [in] that every day he went to visit his father-in-law and tell him, ‘What a thing [that] you insist upon tonight.’


dudak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوداق (Turkish dudak)


ראש השנה

bor

Hebrew ראש השנה

אירה אונה די אקילייאס מאדֿרוגאדֿאס פֿריסקאס אי טיירנאס אין איל מיס די סיפטימברי, אינטרי ראש השנה אי יום כפור.

1910, Ben Yitzhak Saserdoti, Refael i Miriam, page 3:

It was one of those fresh, tender early mornings in the month of September, between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

Era una de akelyas maḏrugaḏas freskas i tiernas en el mes de septembre, entre Rosh Ashana i Yom Kippur.


karar

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قرار (karar), from Arabic قَرَار (qarār).


karar

Buen karar de dirijentes de muestra Komunidad; su famiya; sus amigos i miembros de muestra komunidad estavan prontos para esta seremoniya.

2025 January 29, Silvyo Ovadya, “Los Evenimyentos de esta semana”, in Şalom:

[There was a] good quantity of leaders from our community; his family, his friends and our community’s members were ready for this ceremony.


faida

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic فايدة (fāyda).

(Haketia) beneficial or useful thing, good business


arroz

arrozes (plural)
aroz (alternative)
ארוז (alternative)

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wrinǰišder.
Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza)bor.
Arabic رُزّ (ruzz)
Arabic *رَوْز (*rawz)
Andalusian Arabic روزder.
Ladino arroz
Inherited from Old Spanish arroz.

etymon

(uncountable) rice (Oryza sativa of the grass family whose seeds are used as food)

Ayde pashá, mércame un kiló de arroz.

Come on dear (boy), buy me one kilo of rice.

A mí me plaze muncho comer arroz.

(uncountable) rice (the seeds of this plant used as food)


idolatria

lad-noun

idolatria f (Hebrew spelling אידולאטריאה)

אידולאטריאה (Hebrew)
idolatría (alternative)

Era kaje syempre paezajes, la reproduksyon de las formas umanas estando defendidas por la Tora para no enkorajar el pekado de idolatria.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 60:

It was almost always landscapes, the reproduction of human forms being prohibited by the Torah so as to not encourage the sin of idolatry.

(religion) idolatry (the worship of idols)


otobüs

Borrowed from Turkish otobüs, from French autobus.


yaprak

Borrowed from Turkish yaprak, from Ottoman Turkish یپراق (yapraq, “leaf”).


ambre

From Old Spanish fambre, famne (compare Spanish hambre), from Vulgar Latin *fam(i)ne(m), from Latin famēs, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰH- (“to disappear”).


arina

From Latin farīna (“flour, meal”), from far (“kind of grain”).


superioridad

sopirioridad (alternative)
superiorita (alternative)
superioritá (alternative)

No tiene una konosensia bazilar de las leyes de la natura i de la realidad, i ansí mos permete de riyir del alto de una sensasión de superioridad.

1991, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Djoha ke dize? Kuentos populares djudeo‐espanyoles, כנה:

Nobody has the idea to hesitate from the laws of nature and reality, and thus from a feeling of superiority it lets us laugh from on high.


investigador

lad-noun

investigador m (plural investigadores, feminine investigadora)

investigadores (plural)
investigadora (feminine)


bafo

blow (act of expelling air from the mouth)


fabrika

La kuzina estava buyendo de la kalor de los odjakes i de la fornaya. Paresia una fabrika de komanya.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 141:

The kitchen was boiling from the heat of the shoves and the fireplaces. It looked like a food factory.

factory (a building or other place where manufacturing takes place)


naiv

From Latin nivem, the accusative form of nix (“snow”).


piron

From Greek πιρούνι (piroúni), from Byzantine Greek πιρούνιν (piroúnin) and περούνιν (peroúnin), from Koine Greek περόνιον (perónion), diminutive of Ancient Greek περόνη (perónē, “pin, brooch”).


arroz con leche

A dessert made with rice, milk and sugar, similar to rice pudding.


palavra

lad-noun

palavra f (Hebrew spelling פאלאברה, plural palavras)

From hyperthesis of Old Spanish parabla, from Late Latin, from Latin parabola, from Ancient Greek παραβολή (parabolḗ).

La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XV ma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy.

1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, in Aki Yerushalayim, archived from the original on 2020-12-03, page 11:

The first of them is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th century but which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.


umor

Eliau Anavi ke lo estava mirando d'enfrente se aserko de el i le disho: Dime ombre, deke estas de negra umor ?

1979, Kamelia Shahar, “La verdadera felisidad”, in Aki Yerushalayim, number 1, page 5:

The prophet Elijah, who was watching him from across, approached him and said: Tell me, man, why are you in a bad mood?


kaza

קאזה (Hebrew)
casa (alternative)
cazza (alternative)
ca (alternative)

Inherited from Old Spanish casa, from Latin casa (“cottage”).

Yo, ke nunka en mis dias ke non sali aver fuego, syendo fui akavidado, ma akea noche fui ovligado de ir a este fuego, non para verlo, otro ke syendo era serka dela kaza de si. Shelomo Fernandes.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 215:

Myself, never in all my days had I gone out to watch a fire, seeing as how I was warned against that, but that night I was obligated to go after this fire, not to watch it, but [because] it was approaching Mr. Shelomo Fernandes’s house.


sinagoga

From Late Latin synagōga, from Ancient Greek συναγωγή (sunagōgḗ) "assembly, gathering", from συνάγω (sunágō) "I bring together". Doublet of esnoga.


kristal

From Medieval Spanish cristal, from Latin crystallum, from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “cold, frost, ice”); from Proto-Indo-European *kru(s)- (“hard, hard outer surface”).


ombro

From Old Spanish ombro, from Latin umerus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃émsos (“shoulder”).


gazeta

From French gazette, from Venetan gazeta, or Italian gazzetta.


almendra

From Old Spanish almendra (compare Spanish almendra), from Vulgar Latin, from Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē).


merced

lad-noun

merced f (Hebrew spelling מירסידﬞ, plural mercedes)

מירסידﬞ (Hebrew)
mercedes (plural)
merçed (alternative dialectal traditional)

From Old Spanish merced, from Latin mercēdem, accusative singular of mercēs (“pay, wage, reward”), from Latin merx (“merchandise”).

לוארי טו נומברי פור טו מירסידﬞ אי פור טו בﬞירדאדﬞ.

Loare tu nombre por tu merced y por tu verdad.

I shall praise your name for your mercy and for your truth.


lecho

Inherited from Old Spanish lecho, llecho, from Latin lectus (or from the variant Latin lectum). Cognate with Galician and Portuguese leito, Catalan llit, Asturian llechu, and French lit.

Ya meldatesh por seguro en las gazetas ke el governo esta aparejando una ley grasias a la kuala no va aver mas estos terribles " bekchis " vinidos espesilamente de Anadol i los kualos kon sus espavoresientes sopas azian tanto espantar a todos akeyos ke tienen el koraje de durmir repozados en sus lechos.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 71:

Now you certainly read in the papers that the government is preparing a law thanks to whoever is no longer having more [of] these terrible ‘guards’, especially from Anadol, coming with their frightening clubs, terrifying everybody who has the courage the sleep soundly in bed.

(countable) bed (a piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep)


kaleja

La maale de los djudyos se topa en el sentro de la sivdad vyeja, toda la kaleja golyendo al miskle de flores, las plasas kon las pisinas, los arvoles de portokales kon los kortijos finos avyertos para ke los turistos vijiten.

2019, Şeli GAON, “Viyaje A Andalusia - 2”, in Şalom:

The Jewish district is located in the center of the old city, the whole street smelling of a mixture of flowers, the plazas with the swimming pools, the orange trees with the fine open patios for the tourists to visit.