sombrero

Inherited from Old Spanish sonbrero (“hat”).

inh+

Con bastón y con sombrero,
Ya fuera Shabbat o Pascua,
A eznoga siempre el primero,
Antes que nadie llegaba.

1992, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 45-48, page 32:

With cane and hat,
'Twas already Shabbat or Passover,
Always first at synagogue,
Before anybody else was arriving.


bel

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بل (bel, “waist”).

bor+

El bel era muy estrecho i las mangas eran estrechas kantidad ke non les vinia la mania al braso.

19th century, Sa'adi Besalel a-Levi, edited by Aron Rodrigue, Sarah Abrevaya Stein, A Jewish Voice from Ottoman Salonica: The Ladino Memoir of Sa'adi Besalel A-Levi, Stanford University Press, published 2012, →ISBN, page 262:

The waist was very narrow and the sleeves were so tight that there was barely room for their bracelets.


ensiklopedia

Borrowed from New Latin encyclopaedia, a false rendering of Ancient Greek ἔγκυκλος (énkuklos, “circular”) (from ἐν (en, “in”) & κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”)) & παιδεία (paideía, “education”, literally “rearing of a child”), as "an all-around education", but literally "training in a circle". The modern sense was first applied to the French Encyclopédie in the 17th century.

der

En esta ensiklopedia es kontado, entre otras, ke en segito a los pogromes echos en Polonia, en los anyos 1648-1649, los djudios de Turkia embezaron⁷ sovre la triste suerte de miles de djudios ke avian kayido en kativerio i ke estavan en peligro de ser vendidos komo esklavos.

2003, Sefárdica: publicación del Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, numbers 14-16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, pages 101-2:

It says in this encyclopedia that, among other things, following the pogroms committed in Poland from 1648-1649, Turkey's Jews learned of the misfortune of thousands of Jews who fell into captivity and were in danger of being sold as slaves.


espanyol

lad-adj

espanyol (Hebrew spelling איספאנייול, feminine espanyola, masculine plural espanyoles, feminine plural espanyolas)

איספאנייול (Hebrew)
espanyola (feminine)
espanyoles (masculine plural)
espanyolas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish espanyol, espanhol, espannol. Cognate with Spanish español; see detailed etymology there.


espanyol

lad-noun

espanyol m (Hebrew spelling איספאנייול, feminine espanyola, feminine plural espanyolas, masculine plural espanyoles)

איספאנייול (Hebrew)
espanyola (feminine)
espanyolas (feminine plural)
espanyoles (masculine plural)

Spaniard (somebody from Spain or of Spanish descent)


espanyol

איספאנייול (Hebrew)

No avlo el espanyol kastilyano, ma entendi la majorita de lo ke disho.

I don’t speak Castilian Spanish, but I understood most of what he said.

Sus ultimas letras ya kontienen un espanyol bastante mas korrekto ke las primeras¹: […]

2002, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 68–72, page 45:

[Somebody’s] latest letters now have Spanish that is much more correct than the first.

(uncountable) Spanish (a Romance language primarily spoken in Spain and in the Americas)

Kon grande sorpreza, Maurice ambezo tambyen ke todo syendo djidyos no favlavan el espanyol, ma un dialekto aleman: el yidich.

1982, Enrique Saporta y Beja, En torno de la torre blanca, Editions Vidas Largas, page 110:

Maurice was also very surprised to learn that not all Jews Speak Judezmo, but [some] a German dialect: Yiddish.

(dated) Ladino (a Romance language mainly spoken by Sephardic Jews (Wikipedia), derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish) and Hebrew)


miel

Inherited from Old Spanish miel, myel (“honey”), from Vulgar Latin *melem m or f, from Latin mel n.

Los pastelikos vo kumer kon almendrikas y la miel.

I’m going to eat little pastries with almonds and honey.

honey (sticky sweet substance that bees produce)


vino

Inherited from Old Spanish vino, bino (“wine”), from Latin vīnum (compare Catalan vi, French vin, Italian vino, Portuguese vinho, Romanian vin, and English wine), from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.

El bostezo va de boka en boka, komo el vino de bota en bota.

2006, Beki Albukrek Bardavid, Fani Aelion Ender, De punta pie a kavesa, Gözlem, page 39:

Yawning travels from mouth to mouth, as wine from wineskin to wineskin.

wine (an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%)


padre

padre m (Hebrew spelling פאדרי, feminine madre)

Inherited from Old Spanish padre (“father”), from Latin patrem, pater, from Proto-Italic *patēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.

inh+

Mi padre tambyen favlava el ladino ma konoseva de mas el turko, el franses i el grego, ke favlava sin el mizmo aksento ke teniyamos, los otros, i pareseva grego halis.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 9:

My father also spoke Judezmo but he knew more Turkish, French and Greek; he spoke without the same accent that we ourselves had, and he seemed like [an] authentic Greek.

Mi padre sigió el konsejo del kadí i en un punto saltó sovre el kavayo, le dio una kon el zingí, i el kavayo se empesó a bolar.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 47:

My father followed the Qadi’s advice and at one point he left by horse; [somebody] gave him one with the stirrup, and the horse started to flee.


vara

lad-noun

vara f (Hebrew spelling ב׳ארה, plural varas)

Inherited from Old Spanish vara, from Latin vāra (“fork”). Cognate with Catalan, Galician, and Portuguese vara.

(diminutive form, typography) The rafe lines in the shape of crossbars that can be used in Ladino orthography as diacritics on Hebrew script to alter the sound of letters to create new letters; a breve diacritic (˘) is placed on top of letters to form fricative consonant sounds, such as changing פ (/p/) into פﬞ (/f/); usually referred to by the diminutive varika (“little crossbar”).


triste

Borrowed from Latin trīstis. Compare the Old Spanish tristo.

De la lejura, una boz triste y quejosa nos parviene, del fondo del Nuevo Mundo, un eco vibrante de amargura llega a nos, penetrando en las entrañas de nuestro corazon.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 280:

From the distance, a sad and weeping voice reaches us, from the New World’s foundation, a vibrant echo of bitterness arrives our way, penetrating the depths of our heart.


pensar

Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi,
i pensar en las sivdades ke deshi,
las glories del pasado ke pedri,
i la soledad en ke me kayi

2000, David Altabé, “Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi”, in Esther Benbassa, editor, Les Sépharades en littérature, page 164:

There is something sad in being Sephardi
and thinking of the cities that I've left,
the glories of the past that I've lost
and the loneliness into which I've fallen


dulse

From Latin dulcis (compare Spanish dulce).


farina

From Old Spanish farina, from Latin farīna (“flour, meal”), from far (“kind of grain”).


mujer

mujer f (Hebrew spelling מוּז׳יר, plural mujeres)

From Old Spanish mugier, from Latin mulierem.


primo

Inherited from Old Spanish primo (“cousin”), from Latin (cōnsobrīnus) prīmus.

inh+

Nacido en 1877, nieto del conde Henri d'Avigdor, amigo intimo de Napoleon III, Sir Osmond ajusto a su nombre, aquel de Goldsmid, a la muerte de su primo Sir Julien Goldsmid, donde el era el heredador.

1940, La boz de Türkiye, numbers 11–34, page 407:

Born in 1877, grandson to Henri d’Avigdor, close friend of Napoleon III, Sir Osmond added Goldsmid to his name on the death of his cousin Sir Julien Goldsmid, where he was the heir.


marido

Inherited from Old Spanish marido, from Latin marītus.

I su marido aze tefila por eya de kontino ke oyga el Sefer Tora ke en pokos diyas la sake de entre los bivos i tienen kada ora 'pleto i ketata ' i kavza ke se destruye la kaza i los kelim.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 35:

And her husband prayed constantly for her to hear the Seder Torah; that in a few days she take take it from amongst the living, and that they ‘fight and brawl’ hourly, and that it cause the house and the tools to be destroyed.


nadar

נאדאר (Hebrew)
nadar (infinitive)
aver nadado (infinitive multiword-construction)
nadando (gerund)
aviendo nadado (gerund multiword-construction)
nadado (masculine participle past singular)
nadados (masculine participle past plural)
nadada (feminine participle past singular)
nadadas (feminine participle past plural)
nado (first-person indicative present singular)
nadas (indicative present second-person singular)
nada (indicative present singular third-person)
nadamos (first-person indicative plural present)
nadáx (indicative plural present second-person)
nadan (indicative plural present third-person)
nadava (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
nadavas (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
nadava (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
nadávamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
nadavax (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
nadavan (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
nadí (first-person indicative preterite singular)
nadates (indicative preterite second-person singular)
nadó (indicative preterite singular third-person)
nadimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
nadatex (indicative plural preterite second-person)
nadaron (indicative plural preterite third-person)
nadaré (first-person future indicative singular)
nadarás (future indicative second-person singular)
nadará (future indicative singular third-person)
nadaremos (first-person future indicative plural)
nadaréx (future indicative plural second-person)
nadarán (future indicative plural third-person)
nadaría (conditional first-person indicative singular)
nadarías (conditional indicative second-person singular)
nadaría (conditional indicative singular third-person)
nadaríamos (conditional first-person indicative plural)
nadaríax (conditional indicative plural second-person)
nadarían (conditional indicative plural third-person)
nade (first-person present singular subjunctive)
nades (present second-person singular subjunctive)
nade (present singular subjunctive third-person)
nademos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
nadéx (plural present second-person subjunctive)
naden (plural present subjunctive third-person)
nadara (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
nadaras (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
nadara (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
nadáramos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
nadarax (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
nadaran (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
nada (imperative second-person singular)
nadad (imperative plural second-person)
no nades (imperative negative second-person singular)
no nadéx (imperative negative plural second-person)

Inherited from Old Spanish nadar (“to swim”), from Latin natāre.

Tanbién él vido kavesa una ke nadava sovre fases de las aguas. Diǧo aelya: por ke hizistes nadar, te hizieron nadar, i, al fin de tus hazientes nadar, nadarán.

1997, Neue Romania: Veröffentlichungsreihe des Studienbereiches Neue Romania des Instituts für Romanische Philologie der FU Berlin, numbers 19-22, page 176:

He also stopped one head that was swimming above the waters' surfaces. He told her that because you swam, they made you swim, and at the end of your swimming sessions, they'll swim [too].

to swim (move one's body through a liquid)


verso

Inherited from Old Spanish verso (“verse”).


boyo

From Old Spanish bollo, from Latin bulla.


biblioteka

From Old Spanish [Term?], borrowed from Latin bibliothēca, from Ancient Greek βιβλιοθήκη (bibliothḗkē, “library”).


doktor

Borrowed from Turkish doktor, from French docteur.


ombre

From Old Spanish, from Latin homo, hominem.


raki

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish راقی (rakı), from Arabic عَرَقِيّ (ʕaraqiyy, “of liquor”), from عَرَق (ʕaraq, “sweat; liquor”).


profesor

lad-noun

profesor m (Hebrew spelling פרופ׳יסור, feminine profesora)

Mi profesor de latino i grego ya tinía mas ochenta anyos kuando fue mi profesor en mis últimos anyos de liseo.

2006, Matilda Koén‐Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 114:

My Latin and Greek teacher was already more [than] eighty-years-old when he was my teacher in my last years of high school.


ladrón

ladrón m (Hebrew spelling לאד׳רון, plural ladrones or ladroním)

לאד׳רון (Hebrew)
ladrones (plural)
ladroním (plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish ladron, from Latin latrōnem. Cognate with Spanish ladrón.

"Sí, esta es una biskikleta rovada", le dize el pulís, "i tú sos el ladrón!"
"Yo? Ladrón?!" se metió a gritar Aharon, "Esta bisikleta yo la trushi de Italia ayer. Na, está sovre mi pasaporto!"
"Ayde, no kontes patranya i ven pishín kon mi!" le disho el pulís, tomándole le bisikleta de la mano i aferrándolo del braso. I se lo yevó a la prezión.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 126:

‘Yes, this is a stolen bicycle,’ the officer said. ‘And you are the thief!’
‘Me? [A] thief‽’ Aharon began to shout, ‘I brought this bicycle from Italy yesterday. For goodness’ sake, it’s on my passport!’
‘Let’s go, stop talking nonsense and come with me, immediately!’ the officer told him, seizing the bicycle in [one] hand from him and holding him by the arm. [Then] he arrived at prison.


Silas

Inherited from Old Spanish Silas, from Latin Silas.


salata

From Turkish salata or Greek σαλάτα (saláta), ultimately from Venetan salata.

Todos los ke vinieron pudieron komer ligado d’Andirne (Edirne Ciğeri) mizmo kasher, albondigas (koftes) i sarsicha (sucuk) kon salatas.

2019 May 22, Silvio & Eyal Ovadya, “Un evenimyento, una dicha/un proverbo”, in Şalom:

All who came could eat Edirne liver even kosher, meatballs (koftas) and sausage (soudjouk) with salads.


ravia

Inherited from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs. Cognate with English rage.

Ricoje tus ovejas ke leones la sparzieron
Vierte tu ravia sovre los ke mal izieron
A tu santuario eios destruieron
No deşaron ni membrasiones
Termine la aniada i sus maldisiones.

1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel, Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur, Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita, →OCLC, page 8:

Gather your sheep that lions have scattered, pour your anger over those who do evil; they have destroyed your sanctuary, not even leaving memories. End the year and its curses.


suegro

suegro m (Hebrew spelling סואיגרו, feminine suegra)

Inherited from Old Spanish suegro, from Late Latin socrus m, from Latin socer, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂.

Le dan aentender ke asemeja esto a el yerno del rey ke kada dia lo iva a vijitar a su suegro i el le dizia: “Tal koza izistes anoche”.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 90:

They explain that it resembles this like the king's son-in-law [in] that every day he went to visit his father-in-law and tell him, ‘What a thing [that] you insist upon tonight.’


arroz

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wrinǰišder.
Ancient Greek ὄρυζα (óruza)bor.
Arabic رُزّ (ruzz)
Arabic *رَوْز (*rawz)
Andalusian Arabic روزder.
Ladino arroz
Inherited from Old Spanish arroz.

aroz

Aki Yerushalayim, French and Turkish orthography spellings in non-trilled rhotic dialects

(uncountable) rice (Oryza sativa of the grass family whose seeds are used as food)


yaprak

Borrowed from Turkish yaprak, from Ottoman Turkish یپراق (yapraq, “leaf”).


arina

From Latin farīna (“flour, meal”), from far (“kind of grain”).


namorado

נאמוראדו (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish enamorado (“beloved”). Cognate with Spanish enamorado.

inh+

La reyna Tantanhís sta namorada kon el negro ke tiene en su kaza.

1987, Moshé Ibn Ezra, translated by Reginetta Haboucha, edited by Matilda Koén-Sarano, El rey Shelomó i el pishkado de oro, Wayne State University Press, published 2004, →ISBN, page 317:

Queen Tantanhís is in love with the black one whom she has in her house.


suegra

lad-noun

suegra f (Hebrew spelling סואיגרה, masculine suegro)

Inherited from Old Spanish suegra (“mother-in-law”), from Late Latin socra, from Latin socrus, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂, whence German Schwieger/schwieger-.

inh+

Dayinda no ay un dia ke me kazi, i ya me ize madre, suegra i nona!

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 19:

There still isn’t a day [when] I married, and I already became a mother, mother-in-law, and grandmother!


kipa

Canetti lo deskrive komo un ombre onorable kon una maraviyoza barva blanka, kon una kipa i la vestimienta de los djudios de Maroko.

1990, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 41–44, page 17:

Canetti discribed him as an honorable man with a wonderful white beard, a kippah, and Moroccan Jewish clothing.

(Judaism, clothing) kippah (the cloth skullcap or yarmulke traditionally worn by male Jews)


ligado

From Old Spanish figado (compare Spanish hígado), from Late Latin fīcātum (“liver”), from Latin iecur fīcātum (“fig-stuffed liver”).

inh

All who came could eat Edirne liver even kosher, meatballs (koftas) and sausages (soudjouk) with salads.


ermano

From Old Spanish ermano (compare Spanish hermano), from Vulgar Latin germānus, from Latin germānus.


karne

Inherited from Old Spanish carne (“meat”), from Latin carnem (“flesh; meat”) or its ablative carne, from Proto-Italic *karō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”). Compare Catalan carn, Italian carne, Portuguese carne, Romanian carne.

der

Durante la gerra, kuando estávamos en Mombaroccio, el papá refuzó siempre de komer karne de puerko i de bestias muertas.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 78:

During the war, when we were in Mombaroccio, dad always refused to eat meat from pigs and dead animals.


mediko

lad-noun

mediko m (Hebrew spelling מידיקו, plural medikos)

Su fama komo mediko le vino en una epidemia de pesta ke kombatio kon sistemas modernos.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 31:

His fame as a physician came to him in an epidemic that he fought with modern systems.


papú

From Byzantine Greek παππούς (pappoús), from Ancient Greek παππίας (pappías), diminutive form of πάππας (páppas, “daddy”).


antojos

אנטוז׳וס (Hebrew)

O si no, te metes antojos de kolor para verlas blu, rose asigun te plazen.

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 244:

If not, you are putting on coloured glasses to see them in blue [or] pink, just the way that they like it.

(plural only) glasses; eyeglasses; spectacles


ija

From Old Spanish fija (compare Spanish hija), from Latin fīlia.


ijo

ijo m (Hebrew spelling איז׳ו, plural ijos)

From Old Spanish fijo, from Latin fīlius. Compare Spanish hijo.


albondiga

From Arabic بُنْدُقَة (bunduqa, “hazelnut”), from Ancient Greek Ποντικόν κάρυον (Pontikón káruon). Compare Spanish albóndiga and Portuguese almôndega.

der

Ποντικόν κάρυον


kirurgo

From Italian chirurgo < Latin chīrurgus.


ראקי

Borrowed from Turkish rakı, from Arabic عَرَقِيّ (ʕaraqiyy, “of liquor”), from عَرَق (ʕaraq).


ריי

From Latin rēx, rēgis (compare Spanish rey), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”).


kushak

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قوشاق (kuşak, “sash, belt”).


djudío

lad-noun

djudío m (Hebrew spelling גﬞודﬞייו, feminine djudía)

Inherited from Old Spanish judio (“Jew”), from Latin iūdaeus.

inh+

La primera koza dunke ke se nota en la kuzina djudeo‐espanyola es la manera turka de azer kada día el arroz, ke se kome en grandes kantidades i no manka ni un día en la meza del djudío proveniente del Impero Otomano.

2003, Sefárdica, numbers 14–16, Centro de Investigación y Difusión de la Cultura Sefaradí, page 70:

The first thing noted in the Judaeo‐Spanish kitchen is the Turkish style of making rice daily, which is eaten in great quantities and is never absent for one day from the table of the Jew originating from the Ottoman Empire.

Jew (member or descendant of the Jewish people)


איז׳ו

From Old Spanish fijo (compare Spanish hijo), from Latin fīlius.


agristada

From Old Spanish agresta (“verjuice”). Compare Italian agresto, Modern Spanish agraz.


aniyo de kidushim

lad-noun

aniyo de kidushim m (plural aniyos de kidushim)


barkero

From barka (“small boat”) + -ero (compare Spanish barquero, Portuguese barqueiro).


balukchí

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بالقجی (balıkcı).

bor+

און באלוקגﬞי קונטה קי[…]

1873 February 27, El Tiempo, number 98, Constantinople, page 4:


bahcheván

Se alevantaron los pipinos i aharvaron al bahchevan

The cucumbers rose up to beat up the gardener


ateshdjí

From Turkish ateş (“fire”) + -djí (compare Turkish ateşçi (“stoker”)).

(Judaism) person who lights the fire on Shabbat


boracho

lad-adj

boracho (Hebrew spelling בוראג׳ו, feminine boracha)

Ke manera, no supites ke la otra noche Eshua vino boracho i rompyó todo?

1999, David M. Bunis, Moshé Cazés, edited by David M. Bunis, Voices from Jewish Salonika, Misgav Yerushalayim, →ISBN, page 427:

How did you not know that the other night Eshua came drunk and broke everything?


biskocho

From Old Spanish biscocho, from Early Medieval Latin biscoctus (literally “twice baked”).

inh

a traditional Sephardi Jewish ring-shaped sesame cookie commonly prepared for Hanukkah, Purim, and other Jewish holidays.


halvadjí

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish حلواجی (helvacı, “confectioner”), equivalent to halvá (“halva, confection”) + -djí.

bor+

Kuando boltó el halvadjí i avrió la kasha para pagar parás, no topó mas nada adientro.

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס, נור, page 207:

When the candyman turned around and opened the cash register to pay in Ottoman coins, there was no longer anything inside.


zanadjí

Borrowed from Turkish sanatçi (“craftsman, artisan”), from Turkish sanat (“art”), which derives from Arabic صَنْعَة (ṣanʕa).


guevo

From Old Spanish hueuo, from Vulgar Latin (*)ŏvum, from Classical Latin ōvum.


aveyana

From Latin abellana, from Avella, a city in Italy.


asúkuar

Inherited from Old Spanish açúcar, borrowed from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), via Andalusian Arabic.


bimuelo

Diminutive of Old Spanish *boño, akin to Spanish buñuelo, Catalan bunyol (both “fritter, doughnut”). The underlying noun is at hand in Catalan bony (“bulge”). Further origin uncertain. Theories include a Gothic *𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌾𐍉 (*buggjō, “lump”) or identity with Spanish moño (“bun of hair”), itself probably from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia.

7 guevos para los gatos, 8 guevos para el Tishpishti, 15 – 20 guevos para la meza de seder, no se kuantos guevos para los bimuelos i mas guevos para las frituras.

2019 April, Eliz Gatenyo, “Las kashkaras de guevos”, in Şalom:

7 eggs for the cats, 8 eggs for the Tishpishti, 15-20 eggs for the middle of the Seder, I don't know how many eggs for the bimuelos and more eggs for the fried food.

A type of fritter eaten by Sephardi Jews during Hanukkah and Pesach.


avokato

Borrowed from Turkish avukat, from French avocat, ultimately from Latin advocātus.


biznona

From biz- + nona (“grandmother”) (compare Spanish bisabuela).


biznyeto

From biz- + nyeto.
Compare Spanish bisnieto.


bohor

From Hebrew בְּכוֹר (b'chór, “firstborn”).


ermana

lad-noun

ermana f (Hebrew spelling אירמאנה, plural ermanas, masculine ermano)

אירמאנה (Hebrew)
ermanas (plural)
ermano (masculine)

Inherited from Old Spanish ermana, from Latin germāna. Compare Spanish hermana.

"Mira, ay está mi ermana Geula!" me dize Aharon.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, page 335:

‘Look, there’s my sister Geula!’ Aharon said to me.

sister (a daughter of the same parents as another person; a female sibling)


folar

(cooking) folar (traditional bread served at Purim). It is a pastry made from a sweet yeast dough formed around a hard-boiled egg with the shell on for the eater to peel and eat with the sweet bread.


senyor

senyor m (Hebrew spelling סינייור, feminine senyora)

Inherited from Old Spanish sennor (“lord”), from Vulgar Latin *senjor (“master, elder, lord, nobleman”), from Latin seniōrem (“elder”), comparative form of senex (“old”). Cognate with Spanish señor.

inh

Ey senyor, voy a esnoga.

mister; sir; lord (title conferred on a married or older male)


boreka

lad-noun

boreka f (Hebrew spelling בוריקה, plural borekas)

Aron dezdenyando el kuçio i el piron, aferro kon la mano la boreka i espedasondala kon los dedos en kuatro bokodos se la komyo.

1995, Tiryaki: aylık gazete-dergi, numbers 8–9, Tiryaki, page 75:

[With] Aron despising the knife and the fork, he held the filled pastry in hand and, crushing it with his fingers, it was eaten in four bites.


kondurya

kondurya f (Hebrew spelling קונדורייה, plural konduryas)

Se kito las konduryas a la puerta. A la salida, disho shalom a todo sus konosidos i se fue a tomar atras sus konduryas. Bushka de aki, bushka de aya, konduryas no ay.

2000, La Lettre Sépharade, numbers 1–19, La Lettre Sépharade, page 15:

[Somebody] left [their] shoes at the door. Upon exiting, [they] said hullo to all [their] acquaintances and left to take back [their] shoes. [Somebody] searches here, searches there, and there are no shoes.

(footwear) shoe (a protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)


masadjí

From Hebrew מצה (matza, “matzo”) + -djí.


boyayí

From Turkish boyamak (“to paint”) + -yí.


djep

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish جیب (ceb, cep), from Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “pocket”). Second meaning from colloquial Turkish cep, short form of cep telefonu (“pocket phone”).

bor+

Este viejo ke tenia los vistidos rotos i suzios vino i se asento enfrente de Sarika, kito de su djep un jurnal amariyo kon manchas de azeyte i se metio a meldarlo sin darle importansa.

1992, Aki Yerushalayim, numbers 45–48, page 58:

This old man wearing torn and dirty clothes came and sat down in front of Sarika, taking a yellow, oil-stained journal out of his pocket, and it was put down for reading without specifying its importance.

Metetelo al djep, ke te se tope.

1999, Matilda Koén-Sarano, לז׳נדאס: אגדות וסיפורי מוסר מן המסורת היהודית־ספרדית, נור, page 165:

Whatever is found by you, put it in your pocket.

(clothing) pocket (a bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items)


סילאס

Inherited from Old Spanish Silas, from Latin Silas.


arroz tané

rice whose grains are quite distinct, clear and separate from one another, rice that doesn't become easily porridge.


kriatura

From Latin creatūra (compare Spanish criatura).


Yisrael

Borrowed from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisra'el).

(biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)


Coordinate term: ¡ !

¿קי מי אפרובﬞיגﬞארה לה פרימוגﬞיניטורה?

1886, אלכסנדר טומסון, אלה תולדות בני ישראל: קיירי דיזיר סיינטו אי דייז אי סייטי קואינטוס, טיראדוס דיל ארבעה ועשרים אי די לאס איסטוריאס אנטיגואס : פארה איל אוזו די לוס ישראליטאס פרוטיסטאנטיס, דפוס א"ה בוייאג'יאן, pages 44–45:

What will make use of the precedence for me?

encloses a question in Judezmo; equivalent in English and many other languages: ?


Coordinate term: ¿ ?

¡O, mi Dyo, lyo so muy desmazalozo!

1978, María del Rosario Martínez González, editor, Un marido entre dos mužeres: novela anónima en ladino, Ameller Ediciones, →ISBN, page 32:

encloses an exclamation in Judezmo; equivalent in English and many other languages: !


chapín

lad-noun

chapín m (Hebrew spelling ג׳אפין, plural chapines)

Me disho: “Si tinías un kordoniko de chapín, pudías adovar la chanta’.

2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar, Nur Afakot, page 434:

[Somebody] told me, ‘If you had a shoelace, you could fix the bag.’

Levantí los brazos komo para kitar la ropa ke se balanceaba en la kayentor del sol. Me agarraron de los talones desnudos de los pieses i juntaron mis partesikas en una sábana. De los talones desnudos me agarraron, de los pieses sin chapines, eshkapados, komo los de mi padre.

2013 November 30, Jacobo Sefamí, Miriam Moscona, Por mi boka: Textos de la diáspora sefardí en ladino, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, →ISBN, page 197:

I lifted my arms so as to remove my clothes that were swinging in the sun’s heat. They covered me from my feet’s naked heels and they bound my little parts together in a bedsheet. They completely covered my shoeless feet’s naked heels, like my father’s.

(Izmir, footwear) shoe (a protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material)


esklavo

איסקלאב׳ו (Hebrew)


mayorana

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual


almorzo

Inherited from Old Spanish almorzo (“breakfast”).

inh+

Es klaro ke los Djidios, ke eran bienfazidores i djenerozos, non tuvieron mucho gusto de ver ke un haham suyo biviera komo un perro, tiniendo solamente loke ya komyo - i munka saviendo loke sera su almorzo vinien.

1999, Eliezer Papo, La megila de Saray, E. Papo, page 44:

It is clear that the Jews, who were benevolent and generous, haven’t much pleasure in seeing one of their rabbis living like a dog, having only that which he already ate — and never knowing that which shall be his next square meal.


פינסאר

From Old Spanish pensar, borrowed from Latin pēnsāre.


sarsicha

Borrowed from Italian salsiccia, from Late Latin [farta] salsīcia, ultimately from Latin salsus (“salted”).

Todos los ke vinieron pudieron komer ligado d’Andirne (Edirne Ciğeri) mizmo kasher, albondigas (koftes) i sarsicha (sucuk) kon salatas.

2019 May 22, Silvio & Eyal Ovadya, “Un evenimyento, una dicha/un proverbo”, in Şalom:

All who came cold eat Edirne liver even kosher, meatballs (koftas) and sausage (soudjouk) with salads.


moendiz

From Turkish mühendis, from Arabic مُهَنْدِس (muhandis).


mushteri

From Ottoman Turkish مشتری, from Arabic مُشْتَرٍ (muštarin).


aldikera

lad-noun

aldikera f (Hebrew spelling אלדיקירה, plural aldikeras)

Inherited from Old Spanish faldica, diminutive of falda.

La yave tengo en la aldikera, tomala i avre la puerta.

1996, Sara Benveniste Benrey, edited by Yossi Benbenisty, Espertando el djudeo espanyol: poemas realidas i philosophia, kantes, sketches, piesas de teatro, Yossi Benbenisty, page 182:

I have the key in the pocket; I take it out and open the door.


faldukera

From Old Spanish falduca, diminutive of falda.


kézo

From Old Spanish queso, from Latin cāseus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kwat- (“to ferment”).


almodrote

Derived from Arabic المَطْرُوق (al-maṭrūq, “hammered”), also related to Latin moretum

Turkish Sephardic gratin-like casserole of eggs, vegetables, and cheese, most commonly featuring eggplant.


ארנאאוט

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آرناود (arnaud), from Ancient Greek Ἀρβανίτης (Arbanítēs).

bor+

איל ארנאאוט סי אסירקו אל מומינטו.

1934 June 1, La Vara, number 614, New York, page 5:


בוסנאק

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بوشناق (Boşnak), from Serbo-Croatian Bošnjak.

פולוניז, בוסנאק, איגﬞיטרי איגﬞיטרי, איל קי בﬞה אינגאזﬞאר איסטי אומברי […]

1906 November 9, La Epoka, number 1565, Thessaloniki, page 12:

[A] Pole, [a] Bosnian […] hired by this man […]

Polonez, bosnak, […] el ke va engajar este ombre […]


tishpishti

Derived from Ottoman Turkish تز (tez, “quickly”) + پیشتی (pişti, “cooked”).


esprito

איספריטו (Hebrew)

Inherited from Old Spanish espirto, espirtu. Doublet of espirito.

el meldar mantiene el esprito

mind (one's desires, emotions, personality, and so on, taken collectively)


eskularicha

Borrowed from Greek σĸουλαρίĸια (sĸoularíĸia).

bor+

Entretyempo el viper se fue i se suvyo a la pared del palasio real, ande moryo i la mato ala Prensesa i le tomo sus eskularichas i su kolona.

2002, Gad Nassi, editor, En Tierras Ajenas Yo Me Vo Murir: Tekstos Kontemporanos en Djudeo-espaniol : Leyenda de Una Lingua - Haketia - Kuentos. Memorias - Meliselda - Oki Oki, Isis, →ISBN, page 87:

Meanwhile the viper fled and went up to the real palace’s wall, where it died, killed the princess, and took her earrings and her column.


dezayuno

דיזאייונו (Hebrew)

Deverbal from dezayunar. Cognate with Spanish desayuno.

Me fui ande Marko ke me aresivio kon brasos aviertos i me kombido a komer un dezayuno savrozo ke avia aprontado su mujer.

2005, Aki Yerushalayim, volumes 26–28, page 65:

I went [to] where Marko received me with open arms and invited me to have a savoury breakfast that his mother prepared.

breakfast (the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning)


handrajo

lad-noun

handrajo m (Hebrew spelling חאנדראז׳ו, plural handrajos)

Uncertain. Federico Corriente considers the Andalusian Arabic حَطْرَجْ (ḥaṭraj, “foolish”) that appears in Vocabulista in Arabico and that comes from the known root ه ت ر (h t r) (the same as مُهْتَر (muhtar, “disordered in his intellect”) in Lane’s lexicon). Compare Spanish andrajo.

der

Pastelikos i arope,
Yaprakitos kon sharope,
Burrikitas de handrajo
Ya tornimos a komer.

Little pastries and grape syrup, little dolmathes with syrup, little residues from a tomato and eggplant pastry, we already went back to eat.

pastry filling made from eggplant and tomato