remplazer

remplazer (infinitive)
remplazé (infinitive)
avei (auxiliary)
remplazan (gerund)
remplazé (participle past)
remplaze (first-person indicative present singular)
remplazeie (first-person indicative present singular)
remplazes (indicative present second-person singular)
remplazeies (indicative present second-person singular)
remplaza (indicative present singular third-person)
remplazeia (indicative present singular third-person)
remplazea (indicative present singular third-person)
remplazon (first-person indicative plural present)
remplazeis (indicative plural present second-person)
remplaza (indicative plural present third-person)
remplazeia (indicative plural present third-person)
remplazove (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
remplazoves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
remplazova (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
remplazovan (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
remplazovais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
remplazova (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
remplazaré (first-person future indicative singular)
remplazaras (future indicative second-person singular)
remplazarà (future indicative singular third-person)
remplazaron (first-person future indicative plural)
remplazareis (future indicative plural second-person)
remplazarà (future indicative plural third-person)
remplaze (first-person present singular subjunctive)
remplazeie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
remplaze (present singular subjunctive third-person)
remplazeie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
remplazon (first-person plural present subjunctive)
remplazeis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
remplaze (plural present subjunctive third-person)
remplazasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
remplazasses (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
remplazassa (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
remplazassan (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
remplazassais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
remplazassa (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
remplaza (imperative second-person singular)
remplazeia (imperative second-person singular)
remplazon (first-person imperative plural)
remplazede (imperative plural second-person)


delegher

delegher (infinitive)
deleghé (infinitive)
avei (auxiliary)
deleghan (gerund)
deleghé (participle past)
deleghe (first-person indicative present singular)
delegheie (first-person indicative present singular)
deleghes (indicative present second-person singular)
delegheies (indicative present second-person singular)
delegha (indicative present singular third-person)
delegheia (indicative present singular third-person)
deleghea (indicative present singular third-person)
deleghon (first-person indicative plural present)
delegheis (indicative plural present second-person)
delegha (indicative plural present third-person)
delegheia (indicative plural present third-person)
deleghove (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
deleghoves (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
deleghova (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
deleghovan (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
deleghovais (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
deleghova (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
delegharé (first-person future indicative singular)
delegharas (future indicative second-person singular)
delegharà (future indicative singular third-person)
delegharon (first-person future indicative plural)
deleghareis (future indicative plural second-person)
delegharà (future indicative plural third-person)
deleghe (first-person present singular subjunctive)
delegheie (first-person present singular subjunctive)
deleghe (present singular subjunctive third-person)
delegheie (present singular subjunctive third-person)
deleghon (first-person plural present subjunctive)
delegheis (plural present second-person subjunctive)
deleghe (plural present subjunctive third-person)
deleghasse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
deleghasses (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
deleghassa (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
deleghassan (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
deleghassais (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
deleghassa (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
delegha (imperative second-person singular)
delegheia (imperative second-person singular)
deleghon (first-person imperative plural)
deleghede (imperative plural second-person)


remplazeie

first-person singular present indicative of remplazer

first-person singular present subjunctive of remplazer

third-person singular present subjunctive of remplazer


remplazaré

first-person singular future of remplazer


cumandassais

second-person plural imperfect subjunctive of cumander


berba

Ie muesse me fé la berba.


berba

Ie é ancuntà l berba de Tumesc.

(Gherdëina):
mister (title of adult male)

L ie unì a te crì n berba

(Gherdëina):
gentleman (well-mannered man)


bolp

From Latin vulpēs, vulpem. Compare Friulian bolp, Romansch vulp, Venetian bolp, volp, bolpe, Dalmatian bualp, Istriot bulpo, Italian volpe.

Maladët schiche na bolp.


uton

Borrowed from Latin autumnus (“autumn, fall”), of uncertain etymology. The Latin etymon is directly continued by Romanian toamnă, Aromanian toamnã (unless these reflect the variant in a-), Italian autono (Northern Italy, 15th c.), Romansch utuon (Engadine), Spanish otoño (→ Logudorese Sardinian atónzu, Campidanese atógniu), Portuguese outono, and via Vulgar Latin *atumnus by Friulian atum (“october”), Romansch atun (Sursilvan), aton (Surmiran). Provençal autoun (“autumn harvest”) could be Latin-influenced; French autonne is likely, and Catalan autumne certain to be a borrowing from Latin.


tosc

Tosc saral Nadel.


crëp

Chësc ie n crëp aut.

Tlo iel da crëp.


ël

N ël jëun.

Ël ie n ël.


ël

Ël ie tlo.

Ditil a d'ël.


musciat

Cognate with Friulian mus, Venetian muso.

L paur à doi musciac.

Tu ies n musciat.


nzaul

From Vulgar Latin unus non sapit unde (“one doesn't know where”).

inh

Jì nzaul d'auter

L muessa vester nzaul

Ei perdù la tleves nzaul tl bosch

Ulà ulons'a jì? Unfat, jon mefun nzaul

Where shall we go? Doesn't matter, let's just go anywhere


fosch

lld-adj

fosch m (feminine singular foscia, masculine plural fosc, feminine plural fosces)

foscia (feminine singular)
fosc (masculine plural)
fosces (feminine plural)

From Latin fuscus (compare Italian fosco, Spanish hosco, Portuguese fosco, fusco, Catalan fosc, Old French fusque).


śën

Śën ei da fé.

La ferata pea śën via.

(Gherdëina) now (at this moment, right now)

Cie dëssa pa chësc śën ulëi di?

(Gherdëina) now (unstressed and expletive, used for minor emphasis)


tarënt

tarënt m (feminine singular -ta, masculine plural -c, feminine plural -tes)

-ta (feminine singular)
-c (masculine plural)
-tes (feminine plural)


lerch

Physical extent across two or three dimensions.


puzné

Ie puznei la cësa.


ciancané

head

ciancané m (plural ciancaneisc, feminine ciancaneda, feminine plural ciancanedes)

ciancaneisc (plural)
ciancaneda (feminine)
ciancanedes (feminine plural)

Mi fra ie ciancané.


dedora

L'ultima nuet ei durmì dedora.


lën

From Latin līgnum. Compare Friulian len, Italian legno.

N tòch de lën.

Chësc ie n lën da mëiles.


marënda

From Latin merenda (“light evening meal”). Compare Romansch marenda, Venetian marenda, Italian merenda, all of which mean "afternoon snack".

Jon a marënda!


giaulon

Ie mai gën giauloni.


bigul

Ie mai gën biguli.

(Gherdëina, esp. Urtijëi) sweet (UK), candy (US)

(Gherdëina, esp. Sëlva, S. Crestina) penis


varëta

(Gherdëina) ring (round piece of metal worn around the finger)


tò

Ël à tëut n tòch de pan.

Ie tol l'auto.


deschëuz

lld-adj

deschëuz m (feminine singular deschëuza, masculine plural deschëuc, feminine plural deschëuzes)

deschëuza (feminine singular)
deschëuc (masculine plural)
deschëuzes (feminine plural)

Derived from a Vulgar Latin root *discalceus, itself either from a shortening of Latin discalceātus, or from dis- + calceus. Compare Friulian discolç, Italian scalzo, Spanish descalzo, Portuguese descalço, Catalan descalç, French déchaux, Romanian desculț, Neapolitan scauzo, Sicilian scàusu, Corsican scalzu; from a related Vulgar Latin root.

Ie son deschëuz.


lesier

lesier m (feminine singular lesiera, masculine plural lesiers, feminine plural lesieres)

lesiera (feminine singular)
lesiers (masculine plural)
lesieres (feminine plural)

Chësc pachetl ie lesier.

(Gherdëina) light (of diet, low in calories)


pesoch

pesoch m (feminine singular pesocha, masculine plural pesochs, feminine plural pesoches)

pesocha (feminine singular)
pesochs (masculine plural)
pesoches (feminine plural)

Chësc flucion ie pesoch.

(Gherdëina) heavy (of diet, high in calories)


ncomper

ncomper m (feminine singular ncompra, masculine plural ncompri, feminine plural ncompres)

ncompra (feminine singular)
ncompri (masculine plural)
ncompres (feminine plural)

Chësc stuel ie ncomper.

L ie na situazion ncompra.


comunité

La presidënta dl cor Susi Pitscheider da Ruac á sport so salüt a döta la comunité, ciantarins y musizisć.

2017 December 6, “Onoranzes tl ann iubilar di 280 agn dl Cor”, in La Usc di Ladins:

community (a group sharing a common understanding)


ostacul

La UE dá la poscibelté de mete en pe colaborazions soura i Statesc fora, y te nost cajo foss demé bele i confins regionai n ostacul: chest é n nonsens.

2017 May 16, “Les ghiranzes per i ladins”, in La Usc di Ladins:


porsona

Nos un indere orü porté na esperiënza de na porsona che vir de por de cun chësta maratia.

2017 December 21, “Diagnosa: Desmentié!”, in La Usc di Ladins:


festide

Ie ne son nia bon de me cunzentré, é massa ngrum de festidesc.

I am not able to concentrate, I've got too many worries.


giapé

From Vulgar Latin *clapāre, metathesis of *caplāre, contraction of Late Latin capulāre, from Latin capulum. Compare Italian chiappare, Venetian ciapar, Friulian cjapâ, Romansch tgapar.

(Gherdëina) to receive, to get, to obtain


isté

From Latin aestās, aestātem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”).

der

de da d’isté

d'isté


rëjes

Gran rëjes


cë

From Vulgar Latin capus, masculinization of Latin caput.


jegher

I ministronc aspitova l preve te jegher.

The altar boys waited for the priest in the sacristy.


aurela

Avëi dl'aurela.

Se tò dl'aurela per zeche.

Śën ne ei nia dl'aurela.


jëuf

Passé via l jëuf.


Unieja

N auter ann jons a Unieja.


biescia

From Late Latin, Vulgar Latin bīstia, from Latin bēstia. Cognate to Italian bestia and Italian biscia.

L paur à diesc biesces.


pitl

head

pitl m (feminine singular pitla, masculine plural pitli, feminine plural pitles, comparative mënder)

pitla (feminine singular)
pitli (masculine plural)
pitles (feminine plural)
mënder (comparative)

Uncertain. Possibly from:
* An onomatopoetic root or children's/nursery word *pikk-, *picc-.
* From Vulgar Latin *pikk (“little”), related to *piccare (“to pierce”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew-, *bu- (“to make a dull, hollow sound”).
* From Vulgar Latin pittitus (“small, worthless”), which is linked to French petit and English piece.

inh

Na pitla tascia.

Scrì cun de pitli pustomes.

L ie mo pitl per capì.

Fé pitli. (chiefly of animals)


mënder

head

mënder m (feminine singular mëndra, masculine plural mëndri, feminine plural mëndres)

mëndra (feminine singular)
mëndri (masculine plural)
mëndres (feminine plural)

From Middle High German minder, minner, minre, from Old High German minniro, from Proto-Germanic *minnizô, comparative of adjective deriving from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“small”).

Mi cësa ie mëndra de la tia.

L mënder di trëi fredesc.


mënder

Ël ie l mënder.

L mënder ne ie nia tlo.


lënga

From Latin lingua, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.


scintla

From German Schindel or Middle High German schindel, from Old High German scintula, from Proto-West Germanic *skindulā, from Late Latin scindula, from Latin scandula.

N tët de scintles.


fulimant

Mpië n fulimant.

Na scatula de fulimanc.


pulëntes

L pra ie plën de pulëntes.


vëis

Cie fes'a ncuei do vëis?

(Gherdëina) Quitting time, hometime; the workday's end and the evening following it, used for relaxation or leisure.


scuac

(Gherdëina) broom (usually a smaller one only used indoors)


ghernea

Possibly from Middle High German [Term?], from Old High German kerian, kerien, from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gers- (“to bend, turn”). Cognate with German kehren.

der

(Gherdëina) broom (usually one used outdoors)


scich

Ce scich che te es fat!

(Gherdëina) disorder, untidiness, chaos, mess


berdon

Se puzené i ciauzei cun n berdon.

(Gherdëina) cloth, polishing cloth, cleaning cloth, rag, cleaning rag


berdon da fonz

head

berdon da fonz m (plural berdons da fonz)


tuesse

From Latin toxicus (“toxic, poisonous”).

Tuesse contra la surices.

L'ega ie da tuesse.

N gas da tuesse.


fonch

Jì a tlupé fonc.

N fonch da tuesse.


fonz

Lavé l fonz.

Fonz de lën.


mercia

Fé mercia.


ncuei

From Latin anque hodie.
Cognate with Lombard incoeu, Venetian ancoi, Emilian incû, Piedmontese ancheuj, Ligurian ancheu.

Ncuei muessi sië l pra

Ncuei iel Nadel


dlavea

L ie n mut che à fat la dlavea.
He is a vaccinated boy.

Mëter la dlavea.


ërt

From a Vulgar Latin *erctus (as the perfect passive participle of *ergō, whence Spanish erguir) for Latin ērēctus, perfect passive participle of ērigō (“to build, to erect”). Compare Italian erto and Spanish yerto.

N pra ërt.


incö

Cognate with Lombard incoeu, Venetian ancoi, Emilian incû, Piedmontese ancheuj, Ligurian ancheu.


chëifri dla Madona

chëifer dla Madona
chëifer dla Madona#Ladin


chëifer dla Madona

chëifer dla Madona m (plural chëifri dla Madona)


chëifer dala lum

chëifer dala lum m (plural chëifri dala lum)


chëifer

Borrowed from Middle High German këver, from Old High German chevar, cheviro, from Proto-West Germanic *kefrō.

N chëifer ie sul lën.


mëter pën

Tant metons'a pën?


spëisa

From Late Latin expe(n)sa, from Latin expensus, from expendere. In the meaning of "food" probably influenced by Middle High German spīse, Old High German spīsa, itself derived from Late Latin spēsa. Cognate with Italian spesa (“expenditure, expenses”) and German Speise (“food, meal”).

Avëi ngrum de spëises.

L ie na spëisa lesiera.


Iapan

Borrowed from German Japan, itself from Dutch Japan or Portuguese Japão, from Malay Jepang, from Sinitic 日本.

Chëst'ann fajerei n viac tl Iapan.


straport

(Gherdëina) eaves (The underside of a roof that extends beyond the external walls of a building.)


suvënz

From Latin subinde, which consists of sub + inde. The original meaning of subinde was “immediately after”, which then evolved to “repeatedly” and then to “often”. Compare Romansch savens, French souvent, Italian sovente.


chetù

Tu unires duman, chetù?

Nëus on scialdi not, chetù?

(colloquial, Gherdëina) right?; is it?; is it not?


rehl

From German Reh, Middle High German rē, rēch, from Old High German rēh, rēho, from Proto-Germanic *raihô, *raihą.


giut

Tan giut dura pa l film?

Ël ie stat giut dedora.

(Gherdëina) long (having a duration in time), for a long time

Ie ne son giut nia plu stat a New York.

I haven't been to New York in a long time.


ansciuda

N'ansciuda da plueia .

d'ansciuda


ntlëuta

(Gherdëina) at that time (in the past); at the time, then


curtina

Jì sun curtina.


chibl

From German Kübel, from Old High German kubilo, a vinicultural loan from Latin cūpula.

Chibl dala pestaria.


Gherdëina

/ɡʀ̩ˈdɜi̯na/

(Gherdëina) Val Gardena (a valley in the Italian Alps)


ciol

Chësc ciol me ie massa strënt.

(Gherdëina) belt (band worn around the waist)


Senoner

a Ladin surname from a farm name (the most common in Gherdëina.


passé dant

(Gherdëina) to overtake; to pass (e.g. a vehicle, a runner)


snola

Ëila ie bëndebo na snola.

(Gherdëina, colloquially, slang) sexually attractive woman


snait

Avëi l snait de fé zeche.


tlupé

From Middle High German klūben or from German klauben.

tlupé ciofs tl pra

se cufé a tlupé su zeche


tenì ora

Ëila ie bona de tenì ora dut.


tumé ite

Calque of German einfallen, literally "to fall in".

Lascete tumé ite zech!

L ne me tumës mei ite de deventé n astronaut.

I would never dream of becoming an astronaut.

Cie te toma pa ite?

How dare you? (What are you thinking of?)

(Gherdëina) to occur (to somebody), to come (to somebody); to come to mind

L me ie inò tumà ite.

I remember again ("It has again fallen into my mind")

La popa ie tumeda ite tl droch.

Ie ti é mentì dant che la perles fova vëires y ël ie tumà ite.

I lied to him that the pearls were real and he fell for it.

(Gherdëina) to fall for, to be deceived by


montl

Ie é mudà ora i montli dl auto.


ciajuel

Ie maie gën ciajuel.


ciajó

Fá ciajó.


marila

Ie maie na marila.


rujené

From Medieval Latin rationare (“to reason”).

Ie rejone ladin.

Cun té possen mé rujené dl tëmp.

With you one can only talk about the weather.


pët

From Latin pēditum. Cognate with Italian peto.

Tré n pët.

Ël à trà n pët.


pëc

Cf. Latin picea. Cognate with Ladin peccio.

(Gherdëina, countable) a spruce; the common tree (Picea)

(Gherdëina, uncountable) spruce; the wood and timber of the tree


inviern

N inviern da nëif.

d'inviern


instà

From Latin aestās, aestātem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”).

N instà da surëdl .

d'instà


sëgn

cina sëgn


Ciarënzia

Ultimately from Latin Carantania. Possibly of Celtic origin, compare Proto-Celtic *karants (“friend”). The Latin toponym was also borrowed into Slavic as Proto-Slavic *korǫtanъ (with an adjective Proto-Slavic *korǫtьskъ).


jì zot

(Gherdëina) to have a limp, to walk with a limp


se n jì

Compare Italian andarsene, French s’en aller.

Ie me n vede.

Ël se n va al chino.


autonn

Borrowed from Latin autumnus (“autumn, fall”), of uncertain etymology. The Latin etymon is directly continued by Romanian toamnă, Aromanian toamnã (unless these reflect the variant in a-), Italian autono (Northern Italy, 15th c.), Romansch utuon (Engadine), Spanish otoño (→ Logudorese Sardinian atónzu, Campidanese atógniu), Portuguese outono, and via Vulgar Latin *atumnus by Friulian atum (“october”), Romansch atun (Sursilvan), aton (Surmiran). Provençal autoun (“autumn harvest”) could be Latin-influenced; French autonne is likely, and Catalan autumne certain to be a borrowing from Latin.

bor+

N autonn da plueia .

d'autonn


altonn

N altonn da plöia.

d'altonn


unì dant

Chësta cosses vën dant suvënz.

N problem che vën dant for inò .

L me vën dant .

per mé vën dant la familia pona l lëur .


mëisa

From Vulgar Latin mēsa, from Latin mēnsa (“table”).

Apusté na mëisa tl restaurant.

Nëus son pra mëisa.

Mëisa da scrì.

Mëisa da paidelné.


giajuné

From a Vulgar Latin derivative of Late Latin ieiūnāre, from Latin ieiūnus. Compare Italian digiunare, Catalan dejunar, Spanish desayunar, French déjeuner, Occitan dejunar, Portuguese jejuar, Old Italian giunare.

Giajuné per prutesta

To do a hunger strike (Literally, “to fast for protest”)

(Gherdëina) to fast (to abstain from eating food)


detelpai

Most likely a Calque of German vergelt's Gott, literally, "may God requite it".

Detelpai centmile outes!


de gra

From Latin grātia, as used in the phrase grātiās agō (“to thank; to express thanks”). Compare Italian grazie, Spanish gracias.

De gra per la scincunda.


Die te l paie

Most likely a Calque of German vergelt's Gott, literally "may God requite it".


abiné ora

Calque of German herausfinden. Compare English find out.

Ie ue abiné ora chi che ie de gauja

Abiné ora coche l ie suzedù


abiné

Abiné n cuatier

I l à abinà dant che l nen cumbinësse na majera

They found him before he could cause an even bigger mischief


chëuta sun l valor njuntà

head

chëuta sun l valor njuntà f (plural [please provide])


sovënz

From Latin subinde, which consists of sub + inde. The original meaning of subinde was “immediately after”, which then evolved to “repeatedly” and then to “often”. Compare Romansch savens, French souvent, Italian sovente.


ulà

From Vulgar Latin ubi illac (“where over there”).

inh

Ulà ves'a?

Ulà stes'a?

(Gherdëina, interrogative) where, whereabouts


iló

Ël ie restà iló

L é metù iló te castl

Ie vënie da iló

(Gherdëina, Badiot) there, in that place


vedl mut

From vedl (“old”) + mut (“boy”), literally "old boy".

Ël ie restà n vedl mut


ajache

From Vulgar Latin iam quod. Cognate with Italian giacché, Portuguese já que, Spanish ya que.

L dije ajache te é gën

Son stanch ajache é laurà nchin tert

Ajache l ie tert ne chërdi nia plu su

Since it's late I'm no longer gonna call.

(Gherdëina) because, given that, as, since (causality)

Al n'é nia gnü, ajache al é püre.

(Badiot) because, given that, as, since (causality)

No vegne ajache son stencià

(Fascian) because, given that, as, since (causality)


dlacia

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *glacium/a, from Latin glaciēs.


iagher

Borrowed from Bavarian Jager, cognate with German Jäger.

L iagher à stlupetà n rehl

N iagher de scroch


zacai

From Vulgar Latin quis sapit qualis (“who knows what”).

zacai d'atri


zachèi

zachèi de etres


inzai

From Vulgar Latin unus non sapit unde (“one doesn't know where”).

jí inzai d'ater


zaolà

zaolà utró


spantedl

From Vulgar Latin expaventāculum, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre.

ciavëi sciche n spantedl


Urtijëi

First recorded in the 13th century as the name of a farm called Ortiseyt.

Ie son de Urtijëi.

Duman jons a Urtijëi.

Urtijëi ie l majer luech de Gherdëina n cont de populazion.

Urtijëi is the largest town of Gherdëina based on population.

Most populous town in the valley of Gherdëina, known as Ortisei in Italian and as St. Ulrich in German.


deache

Al n'é nia gnü, deache al é püre.


percheche

Reste chiò percheche l pief.


ciuldì

Contraction of cie uel di (“what does that mean”).

contraction of

Ciuldì me trates'a nsci?

Ciuldì ne respuendes'a nia?

Ne n'é nia capì ciuldì che i se n ie jic tan abenëura

I didn't understand why they left so early

Ciuldì pa?

Ciuldì pa no?


daniëura

Contraction of da uni ëura (“at every hour”). From Vulgar Latin de ad omnem horam (“from to every hour”).

inh

Ël ruva daniëura massa tert

L tëmp se à mantenì daniëura sarëin

The weather has always remained (kept itself) clear (sunny)


da tuesse

da + tuesse, from Latin toxicus (“toxic, poisonous”).

L'ega ie da tuesse.

N gas da tuesse.


saudé

From Late Latin solidus, a type of coin.

jì a fé l saudé

trëi saudeies tudësc

saudé de plom