심

Gyeongsang and Gangwon form of 힘 (him, “strength”).


간

맨밥 먹으문은 간이 마이 들가야지.

2020 December 21, 정상흠 [jeongsangheum], “인생보다 야생 1부 마지막 화전민을 찾아서 [insaengboda yasaeng 1bu majimak hwajeonmineul chajaseo]”, in 한국기행 [han'gukgihaeng], 강원도 삼척시 신기면 [gang'wondo samcheoksi sin'gimyeon]

If you eat rice with millet then you need to put a lot of side dishes in.

Maenbap meog-eumun-eun gan-i mai deulgayaji.

(Northern Gyeongsang, Pyongan, Gangwon, Hamgyong) side dishes


인

Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides#Translingual

(southwestern Gyeongsang) giant roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides)


나

From Middle Korean 낳〮 (náh); see the main entry for more.

(especially Gyeongsang) Alternative form of 나이 (nai, “age”)


내

내한테 도라


바닥

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 바다ᇰ〮 (Yale: pàtáng). In the Early Modern era, the form was supplanted by modern 바닥 (badak), which may originally have been dialectal; Korean dialects often variably have coda /k~ŋ~j~h/, probably from ancestral */-k/.
바다 (bada, “sea, ocean”) may originally have been a semantic extension of this word. Beyond Koreanic, probably related to Manchu ᡶᠠᡨᠠᠨ (fatan, “sole of the foot”), which is quite possibly a Korean borrowing into Jurchen or Manchu given the apparent lack of clear Tungusic cognates.

cog

책 한 바닥


하마

하마 왔나?

(dialectal, chiefly Gangwon, also northern Chungcheong, Gyeongsang) already


다리

Contraction of 다른 이 (dareun i, “different person”).

(northern Gyeongsang) someone else; other person


-이다

From Middle Korean 이〮라〮 (-í-lá), from Old Korean 是 (*i-). For the dialectal politeness particle use, compare 요 (-yo), Jeolla Korean 이라우 (-irau), both of which come from the copula.

intimate-
w:Korean speech levels#Hae-che

semiformal-style
w:Korean speech levels#Hao-che

(eastern Jeolla dialect, southwestern Gyeongsang) A particle attached to intimate-, plain-, and semiformal-style verbs and adjectives to add a greater level of politeness.


구무

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 구무 (Yale: kwùmwù), from pre-Middle Korean <*kwùmùk>. Cognate with Modern Korean 구멍 (gumeong, “hole”).

ko-etym-native

Gyeongsang form of 구멍 (gumeong, “hole, hollow, cavity”)


질

See the main entries. Palatalization of /ki-/ is the norm in southern and eastern dialects.
Standard Korean 길 (gil, “breaking in”) was formed by hypercorrection in response to this. The original 질 (jil) form is therefore retained by dialects throughout Korea, including those which do not undergo palatalization.

geunde yeogi sonamgi jeo ap-e ga-myeon jilga'e haekgyo-ga inneunde

근데 여기 소남기 저 앞에 가면 질가에 핵교가 있는데 (Gangwon, Goseong)

But if you walk ahead of the pine tree over here, there is a school by the road

Hamgyong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, and Gangwon form of 길 (gil, all definitions).


니

니는 이름이 뭣고? (Gyeongsang dialect)

(Gyeongsang, southern Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 너 (neo, “you”).


괴

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 鬼尼 (Yale: *kwò(y)ní) (Martin 1996, p. 38).
In the hangul script, first attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 괴〯 (Yale: kwǒy).

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang, otherwise archaic or obsolete) cat


아

그래 대감의 성질이 어떻냐 할 겉으머, 대략 이 아를, 이 사람을 들온 거를 말이지...

1982 January 31, 현진식 [hyeonjinsik], “거짓말 잘하는 사위 구하기 [geojinmal jalhaneun sawi guhagi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 의령군 정곡면 [gyeongsangnamdo uiryeonggun jeonggongmyeon]

If you wonder what this lord's temper was like, [once] this child, this person once went inside...

Geurae daegam-ui seongjir-i eotteon-nya hal geoteumeo, daeryak i a-reul, i saram-eul deuron georeul mari-ji...

Gyeongsang, Gangwon, and Yukjin form of 아이 (ai, “child, kid”).


누

대감님, 이 주먹이 누 주먹이니껴?

2012 April 20, 이돈 [idon], “대추나무를 되찾은 오성의 재치 [daechunamureul doechajeun oseong'ui jaechi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 영양군 석보면 [gyeongsangbukdo yeong'yanggun seokbomyeon]

Daegamnim, i jumeog-i nu jumeog-inikkyeo?

(archaic or regional, including Gangwon, Gyeongsang) Synonym of 누구 (nugu, “who, someone”)


보리

First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 보리 (Yale: pwòlì). Cho Hang-bum believes that the prefix is from a reference to barley as an inferior or an "approximate" rice.

보리동갑


벼슬

낙향

literally, rustication, going to reside in the country

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 벼슬〮 (Yale: pyèsúl).

(South Gyeongsang, Chungcheong) Synonym of 볏 (byeot): crest, cockscomb


찌다

ko-verb

찌다 • (jjida) (infinitive 쪄 or 찌어, sequential 찌니)

jjida (romanization)
쪄 (infinitive)
찌어 (infinitive)
찌니 (sequential)

Presumably a palatalised form of the standard word.

하루는 책을 옆이 찌구 서당이를 가느라닝게.

1982 February 11, 송영백 [song'yeongbaek], “글 잘 하는 아이 [geul jal haneun ai]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 충청북도 부여군 충화면 [chungcheongbukdo buyeogun chunghwamyeon]

Because in the day the boy would fasten his books next to him [in the pouch] and head off to the village school.

Haru-neun chaeg-eul yeop-i jji-gu seodang-i-reul ga-neura-ningge.

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 끼다 (kkida, “to insert, fasten”)

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 끼다 (kkida, “to wear, put on (glasses, gloves, rings)”)

끼다

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 끼다 (kkida, “to fold, cross (arms of hands)”)

끼다

저 장수가 서울 정승의 딸을 둘을 옆에다 쪄고 날라가더래여.

1984 July 11, 김영애 [gimyeong'ae], “지하 도적잡고 용왕국에서 얻은 연적 [jiha dojeokjapgo yong'wanggugeseo eodeun yeonjeok]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 선산군 고아면 (현 구미시 고아읍) [gyeongsangbukdo seonsan'gun goamyeon (hyeon gumisi goa'eup)]

The general said that the minister of Seoul flew away alongside his two daughters.

Jeo jangsu-ga seoul jeongseung-ui ttar-eul dur-eul yeop-eda jjeo-go nallagadeoraeyeo.

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 끼다 (kkida, “to keep close, go alongside”)


쌓다

쌓다 • (ssata) (infinitive 쌓아, sequential 쌓으니)

ssata (romanization)
쌓아 (infinitive)
쌓으니 (sequential)
쌓는다 (formal indicative non-past)
쌓아 (indicative informal non-past)
쌓아요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
쌓습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
쌓았다 (formal indicative past)
쌓았어 (indicative informal past)
쌓았어요 (indicative informal past polite)
쌓았습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
쌓느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
쌓아 (informal interrogative non-past)
쌓아요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
쌓습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
쌓았느냐 (formal interrogative past)
쌓았어 (informal interrogative past)
쌓았어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
쌓았습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
쌓자 (formal hortative)
쌓아 (hortative informal)
쌓아요 (hortative informal polite)
쌓으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
쌓아라 (formal imperative)
쌓아 (imperative informal)
쌓아요 (imperative informal polite)
쌓읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
쌓겠다 (assertive formal)
쌓겠어 (assertive informal)
쌓겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
쌓겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
쌓아 (causative formal)
쌓아서 (causative informal)
쌓으니 (causative informal polite)
쌓으니까 (causative formal polite)
쌓지만 (contrastive formal)
쌓는데 (contrastive informal)
쌓더니 (contrastive informal polite)
쌓고 (conjunctive formal)
쌓으면 (conditional formal)
쌓아야 (conditional informal)
쌓으려고 (formal motive-form)
쌓음 (formal noun-from-verb)
쌓기 (informal noun-from-verb)
쌓았음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
쌓았기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
쌓은 (determiner formal past)
쌓는 (determiner formal present)
쌓을 (determiner formal future)
쌓으신다 (formal indicative non-past)
쌓으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
쌓으세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
쌓으셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
쌓으십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
쌓으셨다 (formal indicative past)
쌓으셨어 (indicative informal past)
쌓으셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
쌓으셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
쌓으시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
쌓으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
쌓으세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
쌓으셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
쌓으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
쌓으셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
쌓으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
쌓으셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
쌓으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
쌓으시라 (formal imperative)
쌓으셔 (imperative informal)
쌓으세요 (imperative informal polite)
쌓으십시오 (formal imperative polite)
쌓으시겠다 (assertive formal)
쌓으시겠어 (assertive informal)
쌓으시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
쌓으시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
쌓으셔 (causative formal)
쌓으셔서 (causative informal)
쌓으시니 (causative informal polite)
쌓으시니까 (causative formal polite)
쌓으시지만 (contrastive formal)
쌓으시는데 (contrastive informal)
쌓으시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
쌓으시고 (conjunctive formal)
쌓으시면 (conditional formal)
쌓으셔야 (conditional informal)
쌓으시려고 (formal motive-form)
쌓으심 (formal noun-from-verb)
쌓으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
쌓으셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
쌓으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
쌓으신 (determiner formal past)
쌓으시는 (determiner formal present)
쌓으실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쌓다〮 (Yale: ssàh-tá).

ko-etym-native

난리를 지겨샇고[…] (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon) ― nalli-reul jigyeo-sako[…] ― They keep making a ruckus […]

좋아사서 죽는다 (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

(especially dialectal, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect, auxiliary, with 어/아) to keep..., to be ...ing; denotes repeated or continuous action.


과거

Sino-Korean word from 科擧. The "measles" sense comes from a euphemistic reference to the civil service examination as an ordeal as difficult as measles.


-으로

From Middle Korean 으〮로〮 (Yale: -úlwó), from Old Korean 乙留 (*-ulwo).

(Gyeongsang) Marks the direct object for certain action verbs, especially verbs that have a direct impact on the object.


홰

Gyeongsang form of 회(膾) (hoe, “hoe, kuai”).


홰

(Seoul, Gyeongsang dialect) Synonym of 회충(蛔蟲) (hoechung, “roundworm”).


-고

From Middle Korean 고 (Yale: -kwó), from Old Korean 古 (*-kwo). In Old and Middle Korean, the word was not a suffix but an interrogative particle for polar questions, combining directly with nouns and taking the adnominal forms of verbs, whence ㄴ고 (-n'go) and ㄹ꼬 (-lkko).
In the standard Seoul dialect of the language, the suffix is no longer used in isolation and generally dated or archaic; see "Related terms" below.

plain style
w:Korean speech levels#Haera-che

(Gyeongsang) In the plain style, an interrogative suffix marking wh-word questions. It is only used for the copula 이다 (-ida, “to be”) and 아이다 (aida, “to not be”).


-고

이 뭣고? (a Buddhist koan)

(Gyeongsang) See above; sometimes appended directly to the noun, as in older forms of the language.


절

(dialectal, Gangwon, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang) chopsticks


살찐

Compare 삵 (sak, “leopard cat, wild cat”).

우리 살찐아, 이리 온나!


자석

Gyeongsang, Gangwon, and Jeolla dialect form of 자식(子息) (jasik, “child”)


도다

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 도다 (Yale: two-ta), similarly attested only in the imperative 도라 (Yale: two-la).

to give; used only in the imperative mood

좀 해도라.

(auxiliary, with the 어/아 infinitive) for someone; forms benefactive verbs. Used only in the imperative mood.


이자

그 다음 이자 평북도는 돼지 키우고...

2020 September 28, 최태선 [choetaeseon], “평안도 사투리와 각 지방 별명 [pyeong'ando saturiwa gak jibang byeolmyeong]”, in 김길선's 평양만사 [gimgilseon s pyeong'yangmansa], 자강도 송원군 [jagangdo song'won'gun]

Next, now in northern Pyongan province they raise pigs...

Geu da'eum ija pyeongbukdo-neun dwaeji kiugo...

그래 주인은 마 술을 취해가주 이자 깨나서 보니...

1979 December 1, 이수영 [isuyeong], “개무덤 [gaemudeom]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 경상북도 경주시 황오동 [gyeongsangbukdo gyeongjusi hwang'odong]

Then the house owners, who had been drunk from alchohol, had now woken up and saw...

Geurae ju'in-eun ma sur-eul chwihaegaju ija kkaenaseo boni...

(dialectal, Pyongan, Jeolla dialect, Gyeongsang) now


고대

(Gyeongsang) Synonym of 고등어 (godeung'eo, “mackerel”)


풍

Gyeongsang form of 거짓말 (geojinmal, “lie, lying”)


가시나

First attested in the Childae manbeop (七大萬法 / 칠대만법), 1569, as Middle Korean 가ᄉᆞ나ᄒᆡ (Yale: kasonahoy). The word was already dialectal in Middle Korean, and is not attested in any other Middle Korean source. Unusually, parts of the Childae manbeop are not written in the Seoul prestige dialect that provides the main attestation of Middle Korean, but in the Gyeongsang dialect.

(Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect) girl; young girl


남새

Chonggak namsaettaemune inja saratda.

Thanks to that young man's smell, I now feel alive.

(Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 냄새 (naemsae)


바리

그 산 바리 밑에 구암사라 카는 기 있었습니다.

1983 October 10, 변수철 [byeonsucheol], “구암사 유래 [guamsa yurae]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 대구광역시 달성군 유가면 [daegugwang'yeoksi dalseonggun yugamyeon]

Right beneath the mountain was a temple called Guamsa.

Geu san bari mit-e guamsa-ra ka-neun gi iss-eot-seumnida.

Jeolla dialect, Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, and Yukjin form of 바로 (baro, “straight, right now”)


착

Dialectal pronunciation or nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 책 (冊, chaek, “book”).

ko-etym-nativised

...착하고 붓하고 착 그런 걸 팔러 댕기는 사람이 있어요.

2010 January 16, 권순암 [gwonsunam], “이야기꾼 홍필경 [iyagikkun hongpilgyeong]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경기도 포천시 소흘읍 [gyeonggido pocheonsi soheureup]

[He was a person who] went around selling books and brushes.

...Chak-hago but-hago chak geureon geol palleo daenggi-neun saram-i iss-eoyo.

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Seoul) Alternative form of 책(冊) (chaek, “book”)


서월

(Gyeongsang, Harbin, Japan) Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)


갱제

Gyeongsang form of 경제 (gyeongje, “economy”)


펜지

아버지도 그래, 상봉 소식 듣고 가심 아파... 나가 보기 싶은데 좀 이자 펜지하모 만나볼 수 있지.

2011 February 5, 손계월 [son'gyewol], “캄차카로 보내진 북한 노무자, 남한의 가족을 만나다 [kamchakaro bonaejin bukhan nomuja, namhanui gajogeul mannada]”, in KBS, 캄차카 옐리조보 [kamchaka yellijobo]

Once we got the information about the family reunion it broke my father's heart... we want to go [to see family in the South], but now if we send letters then I'm sure we'll eventually be able to meet in person.

Abeoji-do geurae, sangbong sosik deut-go gasim apa... Naga bo-gi sipeunde jom ija penjiha-mo mannabol su it-ji.

As the speaker was raised around Koreans from a variety of places, mostly in North Korea, she is not speaking fully in the Gyeongsang dialect.

Gyeongsang form of 편지 (pyeonji, “letter”)


정지

그래서 그날 저녁에 정지 밥하는 사람을 밥을 벼락겉이 밥을 시키 가아 밥을 믹이고...

1982 January 18, 김채란 [gimchaeran], “그림의 열녀 [geurimui yeollyeo]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 의령군 부림면 [gyeongsangnamdo uiryeonggun burimmyeon]

The person who was cooking in the kitchen that day had made the rice [as fast as] lightning and fed it [to the husband]...

Geuraeseo geunal jeonyeog-e jeongji baphaneun saram-eul bab-eul byeorakgeochi bab-eul siki ga-a bab-eul migigo...

(Gangwon, Jeolla dialect, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong) kitchen


-어사

Equivalent to 어 (-eo, infinitive suffix) + 사 (-sa, emphatic particle).

compound

Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, Yukjin, and southern Jeolla form of 어야 (-eoya, conditional suffix).


-믄

배가 아프다고 그러믄 이제 배를 문질러 주면서...

2010 February 8, 윤봉이 [yunbong'i], “배 쓸어주는 노래 [bae sseureojuneun norae]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경기도 파주시 교하읍 (현 교하동) [gyeonggido pajusi gyoha'eup (hyeon gyohadong)]

If their stomach hurts then you'd touch their stomach...

Bae-ga apeuda-go geureomeun ije bae-reul munjilleo ju-myeon-seo...

(Gangwon, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect, Hwanghae, Gyeongsang) Post-vowel and post-ㄹ (l) allomorphic form of 으믄 (-eumeun, “(dialectal) if, when”).


아이다

ko-adjective

아이다 • (aida) (infinitive 아여 or 아이어, sequential 아이니)

aida (romanization)
아여 (infinitive)
아이어 (infinitive)
아이니 (sequential)

너 평양말로 아이 하겠니? 나 지금 청진말로 하는게다.

2021 May 9, 이광명 [igwangmyeong], “(라이브 편집본) 평양말 vs 청진말(함경도) 사투리 대결!!! [(raibeu pyeonjipbon) pyeong'yangmal vs cheongjinmal(hamgyeongdo) saturi daegyeol!!!]”, in 북한에서 온 광아치 [bukhaneseo on gwang'achi], 함경북도 청진시 [hamgyeongbukdo cheongjinsi]

Will you not speak in Pyongyang speech? I'm speaking in the Chongjin dialect right now.

Neo pyeong'yangmal-lo ai ha-gen-ni? Na jigeum cheongjinmal-lo haneun-geda.

이 정도 각오도 안 했습니까? 실패하면 반역, 성공하면 혁명 아입니까!

2023, Kim Sung-su, 12.12: The Day, episode 7, spoken by Chun Doo-gwang (Hwang Jung-min)

How come you are not determined to this extent? If it fails, it's treason; if it succeeds, it's revolution, isn't it?

i jeongdo gago-do an haetseumnikka? silpaehamyeon banyeok, seonggonghamyeon hyeongmyeong aimnikka!

(dialectal, including Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 아니다 (anida, “to not be”)

아이가

isn't it?; aiga, phrase used to form tag question


일르다

일러주께, 그런 거 아니다. 나가 초당서 글을 일렀는디, 아무개 진사가 너거 한애비다.

1983 July 28, 최상근 [choesanggeun], “명두 이야기 [myeongdu iyagi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라남도 고흥군 풍양면 [jeollanamdo goheunggun pung'yangmyeon]

I'll read it, it's not like that. I was reading in the schoolhouse and Mr. what's his name is your grandfather.

Illeojukke, geureon geo anida. Na-ga chodang-seo geur-eul illeon-neundi, amugae jinsa-ga neo-geo hanaebi-da.

Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, and Jeolla dialect form of 읽다 (ikda, “to read”)


가이

Gyeongsang form of 가위 (gawi, “scissors”)

가외ABEGGEABEGGECentral KoreanGyeonggiModern colloquial Seoul가위ABEGGEABEGGEYeoncheon가위ABEGGEABEGGE

가지개ABEGGEABEGGEPyongan KoreanSouth PyonganPyongyang가우ABEGGEABEGGEUnsan강애ABEGGEABEGGEAnju강애ABEGGEABEGGEMaengsan강애ABEGGEABEGGENorth PyonganSinuiju강애ABEGGEABEGGEChongju강애ABEGGEABEGGESonchon강애ABEGGEABEGGECholsan강애ABEGGEABEGGERyongchon강애ABEGGEABEGGEKusong가애ABEGGEABEGGEUnsan강애ABEGGEABEGGESakju가애ABEGGEABEGGEChangsong가애ABEGGEABEGGEHuichon강새ABEGGEABEGGEChosan가애ABEGGEABEGGETongsin가웨ABEGGEABEGGEChonchon강애ABEGGEABEGGERyongrim가웨ABEGGEABEGGEKanggye가애ABEGGEABEGGEChunggang가애ABEGGEABEGGEDiasporaShenyang강애ABEGGEABEGGEFushun강애ABEGGEABEGGEYingkou강애ABEGGEABEGGEHamgyong KoreanSouth HamgyongHamhung가'새ABEGGEABEGGEYodok가'새ABEGGEABEGGEPukchong가'새ABEGGEABEGGETanchon가'새ABEGGEABEGGEChangjin가'새ABEGGEABEGGEPujon가'새ABEGGEABEGGERangrim가'새ABEGGEABEGGENorth HamgyongChongjin가'새ABEGGEABEGGEKimchaek가'새ABEGGEABEGGEMyongchon가'새ABEGGEABEGGESamjiyon가'새ABEGGEABEGGEKapsan가'새ABEGGEABEGGESamsu가'새ABEGGEABEGGEYukjin KoreanYukjinKyonghung가새ABEGGEABEGGEOnsong가새ABEGGEABEGGEDiasporaHunchun가새ABEGGEABEGGEJejuJeju Cityᄀᆞ새ABEGGEDaejeongᄀᆞ새ABEGGESeogwipoᄀᆞ새ABEGGEThis table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers

which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas


인자

전 인자 밥 먹을라고.

(dialectal, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong) now


어시

어느 산고개를 넘어가 어시 멀리 가뿠단 말이라.

1983 August 17, 정기호 [jeonggiho], “어느 과부와 귀가하던 과객 [eoneu gwabuwa gwigahadeon gwagaek]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 대구직할시 수성구 범어동 [daegujikhalsi suseonggu beomeodong]

They had to go a very long distance to cross a certain mountain pass.

Eoneu san'gogae-reul neomeoga eosi meolli gapputdan mar-ira.


나모

오늘은 나모 아홉 짐에다가 밥 아홉 그릇 먹는 날이라고.

2015 July 2, 구경자 [gugyeongja], “어머니의 원수를 갚은 남매 [eomeoniui wonsureul gapeun nammae]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 충청북도 보은군 속리산면 [chungcheongbukdo bo'eun'gun songnisanmyeon]

[She told him that] today was the day where you eat 9 bowls or rice after carrying nine bundles of wood.

Oneur-eun namo ahop jim-e-daga bap ahop geureut meong-neun nar-i-rago.

(Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Northern Chungcheong) Alternative form of 나무 (namu, “tree, wood”)


가차이

옛날에는 화염... 우리 증조부니까 한 백년, 백년 가차이, 한 팔십년?

2018 March 6, 정충갑 [jeongchunggap], “가교리 염전 [gagyori yeomjeon]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라남도 완도군 고금면 [jeollanamdo wandogun gogeummyeon]

Back then [we used] fire fields [to make salt]... since it was the time of my great grandparents, maybe [it was about] a hundred years, close to a hundred years, [like] eighty years?

Yennar-e-neun hwayeom... Uri jeungjobu-nikka han baengnyeon, baengnyeon gachai, han palsimnyeon?

Jeolla dialect, Gangwon, and Gyeongsang form of 가까이 (gakkai, “closely, near”)


개않다

ko-adj

개않다 • (gaeanta) (infinitive 개않아, sequential 개않으니)

gaeanta (romanization)
개않아 (infinitive)
개않으니 (sequential)
개않다 (formal indicative non-past)
개않아 (indicative informal non-past)
개않아요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
개않습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
개않았다 (formal indicative past)
개않았어 (indicative informal past)
개않았어요 (indicative informal past polite)
개않았습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
개않으냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
개않아 (informal interrogative non-past)
개않아요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
개않습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
개않았냐 (formal interrogative past)
개않았어 (informal interrogative past)
개않았어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
개않았습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
개않겠다 (assertive formal)
개않겠어 (assertive informal)
개않겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
개않겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
개않아 (causative formal)
개않아서 (causative informal)
개않으니 (causative informal polite)
개않으니까 (causative formal polite)
개않지만 (contrastive formal)
개않은데 (contrastive informal)
개않더니 (contrastive informal polite)
개않고 (conjunctive formal)
개않으면 (conditional formal)
개않아야 (conditional informal)
개않음 (formal noun-from-verb)
개않기 (informal noun-from-verb)
개않았음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
개않았기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
개않은 (determiner informal present)
개않을 (determiner future informal)
개않으시다 (indicative non-past)
개않으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
개않으세요 (indicative non-past polite)
개않으셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
개않으십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
개않으셨다 (indicative past)
개않으셨어 (indicative informal past)
개않으셨어요 (indicative past polite)
개않으셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
개않으시냐 (interrogative non-past)
개않으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
개않으세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
개않으셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
개않으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
개않으셨냐 (interrogative past)
개않으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
개않으셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
개않으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
개않으시겠다 (assertive)
개않으시겠어 (assertive informal)
개않으시겠어요 (assertive polite)
개않으시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
개않으셔 (causative)
개않으셔서 (causative informal)
개않으시니 (causative polite)
개않으시니까 (causative formal)
개않으시지만 (contrastive)
개않으신데 (contrastive informal)
개않으시더니 (contrastive polite)
개않으시고 (conjunctive)
개않으시면 (conditional)
개않으셔야 (conditional informal)
개않으심 (noun-from-verb)
개않으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
개않으셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
개않으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
개않으신 (determiner informal present)
개않으실 (determiner future informal)

to be nice, good, passable, OK, all right

(of a person) to be allowed to ...; may, can; it is OK to ...


고빼

(Gyeongsang) vehicle (usually refers to car)


앙이다

앙이다 • (ang'ida) (infinitive 앙여 or 앙이어, sequential 앙이니)

ang'ida (romanization)
앙여 (infinitive)
앙이어 (infinitive)
앙이니 (sequential)
앙이다 (formal indicative non-past)
앙여 (indicative informal non-past)
앙여요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
앙이어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
앙입니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
앙였다 (formal indicative past)
앙였어 (indicative informal past)
앙였어요 (indicative informal past polite)
앙였습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
앙이냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
앙여 (informal interrogative non-past)
앙여요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
앙이어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
앙입니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
앙였냐 (formal interrogative past)
앙였어 (informal interrogative past)
앙였어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
앙였습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
앙이겠다 (assertive formal)
앙이겠어 (assertive informal)
앙이겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
앙이겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
앙여 (causative formal)
앙여서 (causative informal)
앙이어서 (causative informal)
앙이니 (causative informal polite)
앙이니까 (causative formal polite)
앙이지만 (contrastive formal)
앙인데 (contrastive informal)
앙이더니 (contrastive informal polite)
앙이고 (conjunctive formal)
앙이면 (conditional formal)
앙여야 (conditional informal)
앙이어야 (conditional informal)
앙임 (formal noun-from-verb)
앙이기 (informal noun-from-verb)
앙였음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
앙이었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
앙였기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
앙이었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
앙인 (determiner informal present)
앙일 (determiner future informal)
앙이시다 (indicative non-past)
앙이셔 (indicative informal non-past)
앙이세요 (indicative non-past polite)
앙이셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
앙이십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
앙이셨다 (indicative past)
앙이셨어 (indicative informal past)
앙이셨어요 (indicative past polite)
앙이셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
앙이시냐 (interrogative non-past)
앙이셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
앙이세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
앙이셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
앙이십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
앙이셨냐 (interrogative past)
앙이셨어 (informal interrogative past)
앙이셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
앙이셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
앙이시겠다 (assertive)
앙이시겠어 (assertive informal)
앙이시겠어요 (assertive polite)
앙이시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
앙이셔 (causative)
앙이셔서 (causative informal)
앙이시니 (causative polite)
앙이시니까 (causative formal)
앙이시지만 (contrastive)
앙이신데 (contrastive informal)
앙이시더니 (contrastive polite)
앙이시고 (conjunctive)
앙이시면 (conditional)
앙이셔야 (conditional informal)
앙이심 (noun-from-verb)
앙이시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
앙이셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
앙이셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
앙이신 (determiner informal present)
앙이실 (determiner future informal)


기마이

(Gyeongsang) The tendency to give out money or things freely.


비니루

Borrowed from English vinyl, from Japanese ビニール.


라맨

ramen (soup noodles of wheat, with various ingredients; usually of Japanese cuisine)


머시마

(Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Gangwon) boy; young boy


문둥이

Of native Korean origin. Blend of 문드러지다 (mundeureojida, “to fester and fall off”) + 둥이 (-dung'i, “noun-deriving suffix”). First attested in the late nineteenth century.

blend

니 오늘 문디 같이 와 그러노?

Why are you acting so much like an idiot today?


만포장이다

ko-adj

만포장이다 • (manpojang'ida) (infinitive 만포장여 or 만포장이어, sequential 만포장이니)

manpojang'ida (romanization)
만포장여 (infinitive)
만포장이어 (infinitive)
만포장이니 (sequential)

자꾸 손님들 많이 오이 마 밥은 인자 만포장이고, 마 이래 됐는데...

2014 February 27, 설삼출 [seolsamchul], “사리암 쌀구명의 유래 [sariam ssalgumyeong'ui yurae]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 밀양시 삼랑진읍 [gyeongsangnamdo miryangsi samnangjineup]

As more and more guests came, the food was now plentiful and the situation had become like this...

Jakku sonnim-deul mani oi ma bab-eun inja manpojang'i-go, ma irae dwaen-neunde...

(Gyeongsang) to be generous and plentiful


애삐리다

ko-verb

애삐리다 • (aeppirida) (infinitive 애삐려 or 애삐리어, sequential 애삐리니)

aeppirida (romanization)
애삐려 (infinitive)
애삐리어 (infinitive)
애삐리니 (sequential)

내버리다 내버리다#Korean

(South Gyeongsang) Alternative form of 내버리다 (naebeorida, “to throw away definitively”)


앵기다

앵기다 • (aenggida) (infinitive 앵겨 or 앵기어, sequential 앵기니)

aenggida (romanization)
앵겨 (infinitive)
앵기어 (infinitive)
앵기니 (sequential)
앵긴다 (formal indicative non-past)
앵겨 (indicative informal non-past)
앵겨요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
앵기어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
앵깁니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
앵겼다 (formal indicative past)
앵겼어 (indicative informal past)
앵겼어요 (indicative informal past polite)
앵겼습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
앵기느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
앵겨 (informal interrogative non-past)
앵겨요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
앵기어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
앵깁니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
앵겼느냐 (formal interrogative past)
앵겼어 (informal interrogative past)
앵겼어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
앵겼습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
앵기자 (formal hortative)
앵겨 (hortative informal)
앵겨요 (hortative informal polite)
앵기어요 (hortative informal polite)
앵기십시다 (formal hortative polite)
앵겨라 (formal imperative)
앵기어라 (formal imperative)
앵겨 (imperative informal)
앵겨요 (imperative informal polite)
앵기어요 (imperative informal polite)
앵깁시오 (formal imperative polite)
앵기겠다 (assertive formal)
앵기겠어 (assertive informal)
앵기겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
앵기겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
앵겨 (causative formal)
앵겨서 (causative informal)
앵기어서 (causative informal)
앵기니 (causative informal polite)
앵기니까 (causative formal polite)
앵기지만 (contrastive formal)
앵기는데 (contrastive informal)
앵기더니 (contrastive informal polite)
앵기고 (conjunctive formal)
앵기면 (conditional formal)
앵겨야 (conditional informal)
앵기어야 (conditional informal)
앵기려고 (formal motive-form)
앵김 (formal noun-from-verb)
앵기기 (informal noun-from-verb)
앵겼음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
앵기었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
앵겼기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
앵기었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
앵긴 (determiner formal past)
앵기는 (determiner formal present)
앵길 (determiner formal future)
앵기신다 (formal indicative non-past)
앵기셔 (indicative informal non-past)
앵기세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
앵기셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
앵기십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
앵기셨다 (formal indicative past)
앵기셨어 (indicative informal past)
앵기셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
앵기셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
앵기시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
앵기셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
앵기세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
앵기셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
앵기십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
앵기셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
앵기셨어 (informal interrogative past)
앵기셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
앵기셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
앵기시라 (formal imperative)
앵기셔 (imperative informal)
앵기세요 (imperative informal polite)
앵기십시오 (formal imperative polite)
앵기시겠다 (assertive formal)
앵기시겠어 (assertive informal)
앵기시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
앵기시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
앵기셔 (causative formal)
앵기셔서 (causative informal)
앵기시니 (causative informal polite)
앵기시니까 (causative formal polite)
앵기시지만 (contrastive formal)
앵기시는데 (contrastive informal)
앵기시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
앵기시고 (conjunctive formal)
앵기시면 (conditional formal)
앵기셔야 (conditional informal)
앵기시려고 (formal motive-form)
앵기심 (formal noun-from-verb)
앵기시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
앵기셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
앵기셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
앵기신 (determiner formal past)
앵기시는 (determiner formal present)
앵기실 (determiner formal future)

The dialectal form is the regular Gyeongsang dialect reflex of the passive verb 안기다 (an'gida, “to be hugged”). It was then reborrowed by the Standard Seoul dialect with a figurative meaning.

(Gyeongsang) Alternative form of 안기다 (an'gida, “to be hugged”)


손님네

손님 (sonnim, “guest”) + 네 (-ne, comitative suffix). Literally "the guest folk".

suffix

아무리 세월이 좋아서 주사가 좋고 약이 좋다 해도 손님네 잘 모시야 됩니더.

1978 July 17, 김석출 [gimseokchul], 손님굿 [sonnimgut]

Though the times are good and the medical shots are good and the medicines are good, we must worship the guest-folk well.

Amuri sewori joaseo jusaga joko yagi jota haedo sonnimne jal mosiya doemnideo.

손님네가 무섭고 시럽구나 맏아들로 잡아내고 둘째놈을 잡아내고 셋째 넷째 다섯째며 여섯 아들로 잡아내니

1987, 김동언 [gimdong'eon], “손님거리 [sonnimgeori]”, in 서대석, 박경신 [seodaeseok, bakgyeongsin], editors, 서사무가 2 [seosamuga 2, Shamanic Narrative Chants, Volume II]

How fearful and fickle the guest-folk are! Killing the first son and killing the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, killing away the six sons...

sonnimnega museopgo sireopguna madadeullo jabanaego duljjaenomeul jabanaego setjjae netjjae daseotjjaemyeo yeoseot adeullo jabanaeni

손님네가 민망하여서 대접받을 대책이 없다 말이지. "여보시오, 노구할매요, 은혜보답을 무엇으로 갚으리까? 아들 있소, 딸이 있소? 외손있소, 친손이 있소? 은금보화를 주오리까, 참 광너븐 논을 불과주어리까?"

1994 December 11, 빈순애 [binsunae], 강릉 단오제 손님굿 노래 [gangneung danoje sonnimgut norae]

The guest-folk were embarrassed; they had not counted on this hospitality. "Look here, Nogu-halmae, how should we recompense your generosity? Do you have a son or a daughter [to spare from the epidemic]? Do you have grandchildren on your son's or daughter's side [to spare from the epidemic]? Shall we give you gold and treasures, or truly expansive rice paddies?"

Sonnimnega minmanghayeoseo daejeopbadeul daechaegi eopda mariji. Yeobosio, noguhalmaeyo, eunhyebodabeul mueoseuro gapeurikka? Adeul itso, ttari itso? Oesonitso, chinsoni itso? Eun'geumbohwareul juorikka, cham gwangneobeun noneul bulgwajueorikka?"

(chiefly Gyeongsang and Gangwon, shamanism) the deities of epidemic (historically smallpox in particular), euphemistically referred to as "the guest folk"


데띠기

(South Gyeongsang) occasional job, irregular job

(South Gyeongsang) occasional customer, non-regular customer


도꾸이

From Japanese 得意 (tokui, “regular customer”).

우리 식당은 도꾸이 손님이 많니라.

Our restaurant has many regular customers.

uri sikdang-eun dokku'i sonnim-i mannira.


억수로

[ɤ̘k̚ʃɘ̝ɾo̞]

Related to 억세다 (eokseda, “to be firm, to be strong”). Reshaped by folk etymology as 억수 (eoksu, “heavy rain”) + 로 (-ro, instrumental particle).

affix

내는 니가 억수로 좋다.


과메기

(North Gyeongsang) A half-dried Pacific herring or Pacific saury


서인

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 성인 (聖人, seong'in, “saint, sage”).

ko-etym-nativised

Gyeongsang and Hamgyong form of 성인(聖人) (“saint, sage”)


지숙사

Regular Gyeongsang palatalization of /ki/ to /t͡ɕi/, now reversed in many younger speakers under the influence of the Seoul prestige dialect.

(dated) Gyeongsang form of 기숙사 (gisuksa, “dormitory”)


널쭈다

ko-verb

널쭈다 • (neoljjuda) (infinitive 널쭈어 or 널쭤, sequential 널쭈니)

neoljjuda (romanization)
널쭈어 (infinitive)
널쭤 (infinitive)
널쭈니 (sequential)

[nɤ̘ɭt͡ɕ͈udɐ]

[nʌ̹ʎt͡ɕ͈uda̠]

Causative with suffix 우 (-u-) of 널찌다 (neoljjida, “to fall”).

널짜다

sometimes in Geoje, Goseong, Masan, Jinhae, Changnyeong, Tongyeong, Hapcheon


널찌다

널찌다 • (neoljjida) (infinitive 널쪄 or 널찌어, sequential 널찌니)

neoljjida (romanization)
널쪄 (infinitive)
널찌어 (infinitive)
널찌니 (sequential)

[nɤ̘ɭt͡ɕ͈ɨdɐ]

[nʌ̹ʎt͡ɕ͈ida̠]

Possibly from Middle Korean ᄂᆞ리 (Yale: nori) + 디다 (Yale: tita, “to drop”).

근데 여자가 같이 널찌삐는기라 근데 노장군쪽에서는 여자 하나 지기도 뭐 상관이 없는게네 왔다

2012 February 4, 제재갑 [jejaegap], “충신 노장군과 첩자 황장군 [chungsin nojanggun'gwa cheopja hwangjanggun]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 고성군 회화면 [gyeongsangnamdo goseonggun hoehwamyeon]

But as the women were falling from the old general's side another woman had come out without reason.

geunde yeoja-ga gachi neoljjippineun'gira geunde nojanggunjjog-eseo-neun yeoja hana jigi-do mwo sanggwan-i eomneun'gene watda


카더라

[kʰa̠dʌ̹ɾa̠]

Coup d'état of December Twelfth
Kyunghyang Shinmun

The noun sense is derived from the verb, originally in the construction 카더라 방송 (kadeora bangsong, literally “'It Is Said' Broadcasting Service”).
A January 1980 opinion editorial, published in the Kyunghyang Shinmun daily, states that the noun was at that point a neologism that had only recently begun circulating in the Gyeongsang dialect-speaking city of Daegu, in reference to the unsubstantiated political rumors following the chaos of the Coup d'état of December Twelfth, 1979.

ruby

􂀿放􂁀(방)􂀿送􂁀(송)

lang

「카더라」放(방)送(송)

(Gyeongsang) they say, it is said; retrospective declarative form of 카다 (kada, “to say”)


카다

ko-verb

카다 • (kada) (infinitive 캐 or 카여, sequential 카니)

kada (romanization)
캐 (infinitive)
카여 (infinitive)
카니 (sequential)

A lexicalized contraction of 고 (-go, “that”, connective or indirect quotative suffix) + 하다 (hada, “to say; to do”). Sometimes alternatively connected to Standard Seoul Korean 그렇게 하다 (geureoke hada, “to do thus, to speak thus”).

쿠다

more common in Jinju and other parts of western South Gyeongsang

가가 머라 카노?

가삐라고 니가 캤나?

여서 그런 말이 와 나오는데예? — 와 나오기는? 니가 안 캤나?

2012, 이승현 [iseunghyeon], 안녕, 마징가: 담쟁이 문고 [annyeong, majingga: damjaeng'i mun'go], 실천문학사 [silcheonmunhaksa]

Why are you bringing that up right now? — Why am I bringing it up it? Wasn't it you who said it first?

Yeo-seo geureon mar-i wa naoneunde-ye? - Wa naogi-neun? Ni-ga an kaenna?

대구가 투표율이 제일 낮을 거라 카대.

2017, 하어영 [ha'eoyeong], “"대구가 투표율이 제일 낮을 거라 카대" [daeguga tupyoyuri jeil najeul geora kadae"]”, in The Hankyoreh

They say that Daegu is going to have the lowest voter turnout.

Daegu-ga tupyoyur-i jeil najeul geo-ra kadae.

손주가 지진 났을 때 '할매 안 무섭더나' 카더라. 내가 '할매는 안 무섭다' 그랬다. '할매는 지진보다 더 무서운 동란도 봤다'고 캤다.

2018, 이상원 [isang'won], “'홍준표 쫓가내야'…‘인물’ 강조하는 포항시민들 [hongjunpyo jjotganaeya …‘inmul’ gangjohaneun pohangsimindeul]”, in Newsmin

When there was the earthquake, my grandchild said, "Grandmother, weren't you scared?" I told them, "Grandmother isn't scared." I said, "I've seen a war which was even scarier than an earthquake."

Sonju-ga jijin nasseul ttae halmae an museopdeona kadeora. Nae-ga halmae-neun an museopda geuraetda. Halmae-neun jijin-boda deo museoun dongnan-do bwatda go kaetda.

(Gyeongsang) to say that; follows an explicit or implicit quotation

공부할라 카는 아를 와 건디리노?

Why are you bothering a kid who's trying to study?

Gongbuhalla kaneun a-reul wa geondirino?

그 알라까지 어째 키울라고 안 내놓을라 카는지.

1997, 김원일 [gimwonil], 불의 제전 7 [burui jejeon 7], 문학과 지성사 [munhakgwa jiseongsa]

They're trying not to let him go, but how are they going to raise yet another child?

Geu alla-kkaji eojjae kiulla-go an naeno'eulla kaneunji.

내란을 할라 칸 사람인데, 당연히 중죄고.

2015, “김용판 무죄판결 특집 노변정담 [gimyongpan mujoepan'gyeol teukjip nobyeonjeongdam]”, in FactTV

He's a guy who was trying to cause a civil war, of course that's a serious crime.

Naeran-eul halla kan saram-inde, dang'yeonhi jungjoe-go.

인자 디기 칩을라 칸다.

아직에 지무시고 세수를 할라칸께네 동원에서 풍악 소리가 디리 나거던.

1985, 조부돌 [jobudol], 한국구비문학대계 7집 14책: 경북 달성군 편 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye 7jip 14chaek: gyeongbuk dalseonggun pyeon, Compendium of Korean Oral Literature, Volume 7, Issue 14: Dalseong County, North Gyeongsang Province], Academy of Korean Studies, page 603

Once he had slept in the morning, he was about to to wash his face, but then there was the sound of music coming very loudly from the eastern garden.

Ajig-e jimusigo sesu-reul hallakankkene dong'won-eseo pung'ak sori-ga diri nageodeon.

지금은 배 터질라 카니까 좀 봐도라.

2012, 박이정 [bagijeong], 봄, 눈 — 엄마라는 이름의 선물 [bom, nun - eommaraneun ireumui seonmul], 도서출판 가연 [doseochulpan gayeon]

Right now [I'm so full that] my stomach is about to burst, so please excuse me.

Jigeum-eun bae teojilla kanikka jom bwa-dora.


이 뭣고

Literally "What is this?", a calque of Chinese 是甚麽／是甚么 (shì shénme, “What is it?”), from Chinese Buddhist literature. The conventional pronunciation in modern South Korean Buddhism is in the Gyeongsang dialect due to the influence of the Zen master Seongcheol (1912—1993), who spoke this dialect.


설벙설벙

Cognate to Standard Seoul 설렁설렁 (seolleongseolleong, “lightly (chiefly of wind)”), 살금살금 (salgeumsalgeum, “subtly”).

Nun-i tto seolbeongseolbeong one.

눈이 또 설벙설벙 오네. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

(Gyeongsang, of relatively large movement) lightly, gently, softly


엉가

[ʌ̹ŋɡa̠~ɤŋɡa̠~əŋɡa̠]

From 형아 (hyeong'a, “older sibling”), from 형(兄) (“older same-sex sibling”) + 아 (-a, vocative particle), with [g] introduced as fortition of nasal [ŋ]. Colloquial Korean family terms tend to include a fused vocative particle.

suffix

eongga-ga eomma matjaebi-ga dwaegatgo[…]

엉가가 엄마 맞잽이가 돼갖고[…] (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

Older sister was like a stand-in for Mom […]

(dated, chiefly southern dialectal, including Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect) older sister of a girl or woman


아이가

(Gyeongsang) Plain informal interrogative of 아이다 (aida, “to not be”); isn't it?


아이가

니 나 좋아한다 아이가?

(Gyeongsang) A phrase used to form tag questions, inviting the listener to agree.


가시개

Gyeongsang is believed to preserve the most conservative form for this word. See Korean 가위 (gawi) for more.


지줌

Jijum geo jijum jari-e nwadayaji.

지줌 거 지줌 자리에 놔다야지. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

You should put each thing in its proper place.


짐치

The more conservative form. See 김치 (gimchi) for more.

(Hamgyong, Gangwon, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Russia) kimchi

(northern Gyeongsang) non-spicy kimchi in particular


짠지

[t͡ɕ͈a̠ɲd͡ʑi]

Univerbation of 짠 (jjan, “salty”, realis adnominal of 짜다 (jjada)) + 지 (ji, “kimchi”).

univerbation

realis adnominal of <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">짜다</i> (jjada)


누부

The more conservative form of this word; see 누이 (nu'i) for more. As in most Korean dialects, the introduction of the Chinese loanword 동생 (dongsaeng, “younger sibling”) came to restrict the semantic scope of the word to older sisters only.

저거 누부하고 둘이 있다가 저거 누부를 떡 감차노이께네 저검마가 인자 새엄마가 떡 들어왔다.

1984 January 15, 김옥련 [gimongnyeon], “계모에게 쫓겨난 손 없는 처녀 [gyemo'ege jjotgyeonan son eomneun cheonyeo]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 대구광역시 달성군 하빈면 [daegugwang'yeoksi dalseonggun habinmyeon]

Because he quickly hid his older sister after being alone, their step-mother had now entered.

Jeogeo nubuha-go dur-i it-daga jeogeo nubu-reul tteok gamchanoi-kkene jeogeomma-ga inja saeeomma-ga tteok deureowatda.

(dated, Gyeongsang) older sister of a male

(dated, Gyeongsang, men's speech, in informal friendly settings) somewhat older female friend or acquaintance


누우

See 누이 (nu'i) for more. The form must have been produced by the non-Gyeongsang sound shift [bɨ] > [βɨ] > [u] or [bu] > [βu] > [u], which suggests that it may originally have been formed by analogy with, or was borrowed from, a different dialect.

IPAfont

􂀿bɨ􂁀 > 􂀿βɨ􂁀 > 􂀿u􂁀

􂀿bu􂁀 > 􂀿βu􂁀 > 􂀿u􂁀

그래 인자 저거 누우가 갈 짝에 따께칼로 하나 줌서로 니가 급하거든 이 칼로 쓰라 이라거든.

1979 July 28, 옥아지 [ogaji], “밤송이 총각 [bamsong'i chonggak]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 거제군 신현읍 (현 거제시 고현동) [gyeongsangnamdo geojegun sinhyeoneup (hyeon geojesi gohyeondong)]

When his older sister was about to leave he gave her a small knife and told her to use it if she was in an urgent situation.

Geurae inja jeogeo nuu-ga gal jjag-e ttakkekal-lo hana jumseoro ni-ga geupha-geodeun i kal-lo sseura ira-geodeun.

(dated, Gyeongsang) Alternative form of 누부 (nubu, “older sister of a male”).


모시

(Gyeongsang, figurative) snacks for children


나수다

ko-verb

나수다 • (nasuda) (infinitive 나수어 or 나숴, sequential 나수니)

nasuda (romanization)
나수어 (infinitive)
나숴 (infinitive)
나수니 (sequential)
나순다 (formal indicative non-past)
나수어 (indicative informal non-past)
나수어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나숴요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나숩니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
나수었다 (formal indicative past)
나수었어 (indicative informal past)
나수었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
나수었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나수느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
나수어 (informal interrogative non-past)
나수어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나숴요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나숩니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
나수었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
나수었어 (informal interrogative past)
나수었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
나수었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
나수자 (formal hortative)
나수어 (hortative informal)
나수어요 (hortative informal polite)
나숴요 (hortative informal polite)
나수십시다 (formal hortative polite)
나수어라 (formal imperative)
나숴라 (formal imperative)
나수어 (imperative informal)
나수어요 (imperative informal polite)
나숴요 (imperative informal polite)
나숩시오 (formal imperative polite)
나수겠다 (assertive formal)
나수겠어 (assertive informal)
나수겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
나수겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
나수어 (causative formal)
나수어서 (causative informal)
나숴서 (causative informal)
나수니 (causative informal polite)
나수니까 (causative formal polite)
나수지만 (contrastive formal)
나수는데 (contrastive informal)
나수더니 (contrastive informal polite)
나수고 (conjunctive formal)
나수면 (conditional formal)
나수어야 (conditional informal)
나숴야 (conditional informal)
나수려고 (formal motive-form)
나숨 (formal noun-from-verb)
나수기 (informal noun-from-verb)
나수었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나쉈음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나수었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나쉈기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나순 (determiner formal past)
나수는 (determiner formal present)
나술 (determiner formal future)
나수신다 (formal indicative non-past)
나수셔 (indicative informal non-past)
나수세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나수셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나수십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
나수셨다 (formal indicative past)
나수셨어 (indicative informal past)
나수셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
나수셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나수시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
나수셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
나수세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나수셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나수십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
나수셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
나수셨어 (informal interrogative past)
나수셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
나수셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
나수시라 (formal imperative)
나수셔 (imperative informal)
나수세요 (imperative informal polite)
나수십시오 (formal imperative polite)
나수시겠다 (assertive formal)
나수시겠어 (assertive informal)
나수시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
나수시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
나수셔 (causative formal)
나수셔서 (causative informal)
나수시니 (causative informal polite)
나수시니까 (causative formal polite)
나수시지만 (contrastive formal)
나수시는데 (contrastive informal)
나수시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
나수시고 (conjunctive formal)
나수시면 (conditional formal)
나수셔야 (conditional informal)
나수시려고 (formal motive-form)
나수심 (formal noun-from-verb)
나수시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
나수셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나수셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나수신 (determiner formal past)
나수시는 (determiner formal present)
나수실 (determiner formal future)

낫 (nat-, “to recover; to get better”) + 우 (-u-, causative suffix) + 다 (-da, suffix conventionally given for citation forms).

ko-etym-verbal-suffix

jeongsinbyeongja-reul nasugi wihaeseo[…]

정신병자를 나수기 위해서[…] (Changwon)

[…] in order to cure the mental health patient


돝

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 突 (Yale: *twot). See 돼지 (dwaeji) for more.
In the hangul script, first attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 돝 (Yale: twòth).

ko-etym-native

(archaic or Yukjin, southwestern Gyeongsang) pig, swine


갋다

ko-verb

갋다 • (gapda) (infinitive 갋아, sequential 갋으니)

gapda (romanization)
갋아 (infinitive)
갋으니 (sequential)

From Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆲ〯다〮 (Yale: kǒlptá, “to make parallel”).

okm-l

Gundae ga-ga galbeulla kamyeon an dwae.

군대 가가 갈블라 카면 안 돼. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

You shouldn't pick fights once you join the Army.

(southern Gyeongsang, otherwise obsolete) to pick fights (to see who is better); to compete


갱빈

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 강변 (江邊, gangbyeon, “riverside”), but with semantic widening. Gyeongsang and Jeolla speakers traditionally often used 강(江) (gang, “river”) for "ocean" as well.

ko-etym-nativised

(Gyeongsang) the bank of any large body of water: the seashore, the riverbank, etc.


무시

Gyeongsang and Jeolla dialect form of 무 (mu, “radish”).


꾸꾸당하다

ko-adj

꾸꾸당하다 • (kkukkudanghada) (infinitive 꾸꾸당해 or 꾸꾸당하여, sequential 꾸꾸당하니)

kkukkudanghada (romanization)
꾸꾸당해 (infinitive)
꾸꾸당하여 (infinitive)
꾸꾸당하니 (sequential)

(northern Gyeongsang) to be very crooked, to be very bent

mannalmannal kkukkudanghai kkaekkeuthi haejuneunde[…]

만날만날 꾸꾸당하이 깨끗히 해주는데[…] (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

Every day I make it clean for you, so […]


벌기

[pɤɭ˦.ɡi˨~pɤɭ˨.ɡiː˨˦]

See the entry at Central Korean 벌레 (beolle) for more.

Gyeongsang form of 벌레 (beolle, “bug, insect”).

버러지ABAWEDABAWEDNorth Korean Cultured Language벌레ABAWEDABAWED

벌어지〮ABAWEDABAWEDEarly Modern Seoul Korean버레ABAWEDABAWED

버러지ABAWEDABAWEDCentral KoreanGyeonggiModern colloquial Seoul벌레ABAWEDABAWED

벌거지ABAWEDThis table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers


벌갱이

[pɤɭ.ɡẽ.i~pɤɭ.ɡe̞ŋ.i~pɤɭ.ɡe̞.i~pɤɭ.ɡɤ̃.i~pɤɭ.ɡĩ.i~pɤɭ.ɡiŋ.i]

Related to Central Korean 벌레 (beolle); see there for more. The "Communist" sense is a pun from 빨갱이 (ppalgaeng'i, “red, Commie”).

버러지ABIETINABIETINNorth Korean Cultured Language벌레ABIETINABIETIN

벌어지〮ABIETINABIETINEarly Modern Seoul Korean버레ABIETINABIETIN

버러지ABIETINABIETINCentral KoreanGyeonggiModern colloquial Seoul벌레ABIETINABIETIN

벌거지ABIETINThis table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers

bug, insect (any small arthropod such as insects, spiders, etc.)

(after another noun, sometimes endearing) someone who is obsessed with something

(slang, derogatory) Communist filth, commie worm, vile leftist


서이

하나, 둘, 서이, 너이

(Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, Chungcheong, Seoul, Russia) three


-꺼정

꺼정 (canonical)
-kkeojeong (romanization)

[k͈ʌ̹d͡ʑʌ̹ŋ]

From Middle Korean ᄭᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: skòcáng), related to synonymous Standard Seoul 까지 (kkaji).

내가 아침부텀 인저꺼정 기냥 일했다야.

I've been working from the morning until now.

Naega achim-buteom injeokkeojeong ginyang ilhaet-da-ya.

부분대장이 돼가주고 저 낙동강옆변꺼정 갔다가... 고향에 와서 왔지

2013 June 21, 권문국 [gwonmun'guk], “나의 살던 고향은 [naui saldeon gohyang'eun]”, in KBS 고향극장 [KBS gohyanggeukjang], 함경남도 여흥군 (현 금야군) [hamgyeongnamdo yeoheunggun (hyeon geumyagun)]

So I became an assistant squad leader and went all the way down south until the river side of the Nakdong River... then I went [back north] to my hometown.

Bubundaejang-i dwae-gajugo jeo nakdonggang'yeopbyeonkkeojeong gat-daga... gohyang-e wa-seo wat-ji

(dialectal, including Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, Chungcheong, Seoul, Hwanghae) until, by


밥 뭇나

밥 (bap, “rice; food”) + 뭇나 (munna, past polar question-interrogative form of 묵다 (mukda, “to eat”)). Literally "Did you eat something?"
Compare the semantics of Chinese 你吃飯了嗎／你吃饭了吗 (nǐ chīfàn le ma).

af

past polar question-interrogative form of <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">묵다</i> (mukda, “to eat”)

(Gyeongsang) what's up; a casual greeting between friends


남이사

The Gyeongsang dialect form of Standard Central Korean 남이야 (nam-iya, “as for other people”), which apparently spread into Seoul Korean in the late twentieth century with South Korean modernization.

cog

(Gyeongsang or slang) Alternative form of 남이야 (nam-iya, “as for other people”)


소대가리

(slang, derogatory, especially Gyeongsang) Various pejorative meanings:

Various pejorative meanings:
miser, stingy person

Various pejorative meanings:
idiot, buffoon, fool

Various pejorative meanings:
absurdly stubborn person


철색

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɭsʰɛk̚]

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɭsʰe̞k̚]

Sino-Korean word from 鐵 (“iron”) + 色 (“color”).

ko-etym-sino

철색이 끼다

(Gyeongsang, idiomatic) worried expression, worried face


지푸당하다

ko-adj

지푸당하다 • (jipudanghada) (infinitive 지푸당해 or 지푸당하여, sequential 지푸당하니)

jipudanghada (romanization)
지푸당해 (infinitive)
지푸당하여 (infinitive)
지푸당하니 (sequential)

지푸당 (jipudang, related to 지푸다 (jipuda, “to be deep”)) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

suffix

related to <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">지푸다</i> (jipuda, “to be deep”)

(Gyeongsang) to be deep-ish (to feel somewhat deep)


짜다라

[t͡ɕ͈ɐdɐɾɐ(k̚)~t͡ɕ͈ɐdəɾɐ(k̚)~t͡ɕ͈ɐdɤɾɐ(k̚)~t͡ɕ͈ɐduɾɐ(k̚)]

jjadara alji-do mothaneun saram

짜다라 알지도 못하는 사람 (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)


골짜구니

Of native Korean origin. Compare 골짜기 (goljjagi).

그 집은 아주 이런 골짜구니에 있었단 모양이여.

2009 February 16, 청호스님 [cheonghoseunim], “과거급제하고 여러명의 부인 얻은 가난한 선비 [gwageogeupjehago yeoreomyeong'ui bu'in eodeun gananhan seonbi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 강원도 정선군 회동리 [gang'wondo jeongseon'gun hoedongni]

The house appeared to be in this type of valley.

Geu jib-eun aju ireon goljjaguni-e isseotdan moyang-iyeo.

(dialectal, chiefly Central dialects, also Gyeongsang) valley, ravine


낑구다

ko-verb

낑구다 • (kkingguda) (infinitive 낑구어 or 낑궈, sequential 낑구니)

kkingguda (romanization)
낑구어 (infinitive)
낑궈 (infinitive)
낑구니 (sequential)

Otgeori-reul iri kkinggara.

옷걸이를 이리 낑가라. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

Fit the hanger [inside the clothing] like this.

(southwestern Gyeongsang) Alternative form of 찡구다 (jjingguda, “to insert, to fit into”)


아 이름

아 (a, “child, kid”) + 이름 (ireum, “name”), literally "the name of some kid".

compound

Ibaengmanwon-i a ireumiga?

200만원이 아 이름이가? (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

[Do you think] two million won is some kid's name?

27평 아파트가 뉘집 아 이름이가?

2008, “[이야기마을/눈] 아! 27평 아파트 [[iyagima'eul/nun] a! 27pyeong apateu]”, in JoongAng Ilbo

Is a 27-pyeong [app. 90m²] apartment some kid's name?

Isipchilpyeong apateu-ga nwijip a ireumiga?

옥스퍼드가 동네 아 이름도 아이고...

2014, “ko:[이재선 가족의 런던 생활연극기] 제23막 <끝> - 인생은 꿈꾸는 자의 것이다”, in Yeongnam Ilbo

Oxford [University] isn't the name of some neighborhood kid...

Okseupeodeu-ga dongne a ireum-do aigo...

(chiefly Gyeongsang, sarcastic) something unimportant or worthless; used in rhetorical or sarcastic constructions


찡구다

ko-verb

찡구다 • (jjingguda) (infinitive 찡구어 or 찡궈, sequential 찡구니)

jjingguda (romanization)
찡구어 (infinitive)
찡궈 (infinitive)
찡구니 (sequential)

Related to 찡기이다 (jjinggiida, “to become stuck”).

그래니깐 그 펜지를 받아서는 봉투안에, 저기 책갈피에다 찡궈가지구 가서 공보를 허구...

1983 July 19, 목수희 [moksuhui], “정혼한 여인의 보답 [jeonghonhan yeoinui bodap]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 강원도 횡성군 공근면 [gang'wondo hoengseonggun gonggeunmyeon]

So after receiving the letter, she put the bookmark into the envelope and went to study...

Geurae-nikkan geu penji-reul badaseoneun bongtuan-e, jeogi chaekgalpi-eda jjinggwo-gajigu ga-seo gongbo-reul heo-gu...

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect) to insert, to fit into, to put in


상구

From a compound involving 상 (常, sang, “constant”), perhaps specifically a Sino-Korean word from 常久.

자기가 전처 부인을 생각해서 상구 기가 막히네

1981 August 4, 신동식 [sindongsik], “사명당의 후처와 누명 쓴 며느리 [samyeongdang'ui hucheowa numyeong sseun myeoneuri]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 안동시 예안면 [gyeongsangbukdo andongsi yeanmyeon]

Because he kept thinking about his ex-wife he became continuously flustered.

jagi-ga jeoncheo bu'in-eul saenggakhaeseo sanggu giga makhine

(Gyeongsang) constantly, continuously, keep... ing

(western Gyeongsang, eastern Jeolla dialect) very, extremely


빼닫이

빼 (ppae-, “to pull out, to draw”) + 닫 (dat-, “to close”) + 이 (-i, noun-deriving suffix).


빼다지

그 인제 빼다지를 확 연께로 새로 푸르륵 날라가.

2009 February 21, 이문성 [imunseong], “도둑맞은 중국옥새를 찾아 준 용새 형제 [dodungmajeun junggugoksaereul chaja jun yongsae hyeongje]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라북도 무주군 적상면 [jeollabukdo mujugun jeoksangmyeon]

So now he opened the drawer and the birds suddenly started flying away.

Geu inje ppaedaji-reul hwak yeonkke-ro sae-ro pureureuk nallaga.

(Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect) Alternative spelling of 빼닫이 (ppaedaji, “drawer, cabinet”).


배총

(Gyeongsang) stump of the umbilical cord


유달시리

유달 (yudal) + 시리 (-siri, adverb-deriving suffix).
유달 (yudal) is perhaps Sino-Korean 有達 (yudal, “possessing attainment”), or perhaps Sino-Korean 有 (yu) + the adjectival stem 다르 (dareu-, “to be different”), or alternatively a merger of 유독(惟獨) (yudok, “uniquely, especially”) and 유별(有別) (yubyeol, “especial”).

Oneul nach-i yudalsiri ppoyata.

오늘 낯이 유달시리 뽀얗다. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

(southern Gyeongsang) especially, unusually


상그랍다

ko-adj

상그랍다 • (sanggeurapda) (infinitive 상그랍아, sequential 상그랍으니)

sanggeurapda (romanization)
상그랍아 (infinitive)
상그랍으니 (sequential)

Compare northern Gyeongsang 사모랍다 (samorapda, “to be brutish, to be malicious”) (attested since the eighteenth century), also Middle Korean 사오〮납다〮 (Yale: sàwónàptá, “to be fierce, to be malicious”) > Seoul 사납다 (sanapda).

okm-inline

(of an object or person) to be difficult to deal with

Ga-neun palja-do sanggeurapda.

가는 팔자도 상그랍다. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

Wa geuri daenggino? Jeongsin ssanggeureopguro.

와 그리 댕기노? 정신 쌍그럽구로. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

Why are you going back and forth like that? It's disorienting.


북새

붉— (buk-, “red”) + 새 (sae). Formerly used along much of the western coast of Korea. Compare northwestern Gyeongsang 뿔새 (ppulsae) or southwestern Gyeongsang 불살 (bulsal), 불새 (bulsae).

북새가, 저녁 북새가 떨어지는데...

1981 July 17, 신의하 [sinuiha], “박문수 일화(4) [속아서 장가들다] [bangmunsu ilhwa(4) [sogaseo janggadeulda]]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 인천광역시 강화군 화도면 [incheon'gwang'yeoksi ganghwagun hwadomyeon]

The sundown, the evening sun was falling...

Buksaega, jeonyeok buksaega tteoreojineunde...

(coastal regions of Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect, Hwanghae, Seoul, Southern Gyeongsang, Pyongan, dated) evening, morning sky

불새

evening, morning sky. Also from the same origin


폴

Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, and Jeolla dialect form of 팔 (pal, “arm”)


파이다

ko-adjective

파이다 • (paida) (infinitive 파여 or 파이어, sequential 파이니)

paida (romanization)
파여 (infinitive)
파이어 (infinitive)
파이니 (sequential)

파 (pa, meaning unknown) or 파이 (pai, meaning unknown) + -이다 (-ida, “to be”).

I goegi-neun paida.

이 괴기는 파이다. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

(usually of an object) to be unsatisfactory; to be of poor quality; to be bad


지렁

이 지렁은 너무 짜지않간?

(Pyongan, Hamgyong, Hwanghae, Russia, also recorded to be but not common in Gangwon, Northern Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Seoul) soy sauce


-을

From Middle Korean 을〮/ᄋᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: -úl/ól), from Old Korean 乙 (*-ur) in the early second millennium, from even earlier 肹 in the late first millennium. The post-vocalic form 를 (-reul) is probably formed by pre-Middle Korean reduplication, with the original form ㄹ (-l) now relegated to colloquial speech.

(southern Gyeongsang) Indicates the indirect object of a verb.


깨배다

ko-verb

깨배다 • (kkaebaeda) (infinitive 깨배 or 깨배어, sequential 깨배니)

kkaebaeda (romanization)
깨배 (infinitive)
깨배어 (infinitive)
깨배니 (sequential)

Seems to be from a non-leniting cognate of the Middle Korean hapax ᄀᆞᄫᅡ다 (Yale: koWa-ta, “(transitive) to wake”), presumably from ᄀᆞᆸ다〮 (Yale: kòp-tá, “(intransitive) to wake”).
In most dialects, the first syllable was fully contaminated by Standard Central Korean 깨다 (kkaeda), 깨우다 (kkae'uda); in southwestern Jinju and its environs, the presumed original vowel has survived.

okm-l

자는 사람 깨배다

(Gyeongsang, transitive) to wake (someone) up


갤마다

Not very clear.
The general shape of the word corresponds to 갤차다 (gaelchada, “to teach”), a common Gyeongsang form of Standard Korean 가르치다 (gareuchida, “to teach”). But since /-m-/ clearly cannot correspond to /-t͡ɕ-/, it is more likely that an etymologically separate verb was partly merged with 갤차다 (gaelchada) due to semantic overlap.

갤마주다 갤마주다#Korean

(southeastern Gyeongsang) Only used in 갤마주다 (gaelmajuda, “to teach (something) to”).


갤마주다

ko-verb

갤마주다 • (gaelmajuda) (infinitive 갤마주어 or 갤마줘, sequential 갤마주니)

gaelmajuda (romanization)
갤마주어 (infinitive)
갤마줘 (infinitive)
갤마주니 (sequential)

갤마 (gaelma, infinitive of the verb 갤마다 (gaelmada)) + 주다 (juda, auxiliary verb forming benefactive verbs). The first verb is of uncertain etymology; it presumably means "to teach", but is almost never used outside this single compound verb.

af

infinitive of the verb <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">갤마다</i> (gaelmada)

(southeastern Gyeongsang) to teach (something) to


부지깨

(northern Gyeongsang, Hwanghae, Seoul) a poker, used to place wood and coal into an oven.


가슬

See the main entry; presumably preserves the original /s/.

그라믄 우리 가슬에 가서 그 돈 모다서 그래서 우리 주겠다

2016 June 27, 정 마르가리따 [jeong mareugaritta], “제비가 가져다 준 수박씨(흥부 놀부) [jebiga gajeoda jun subakssi(heungbu nolbu)]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 우즈베키스탄 쉼켄트 [ujeubekiseutan swimkenteu]

Then in winter we'll go and gather money then give it.

geura-meun uri gaseur-e ga-seo geu don modaseo geuraeseo uri ju-get-da

(Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Hamgyong, Yukjin, Russia) Alternative form of 가을 (ga'eul, “fall, autumn”)


댕기다

ko-verb

댕기다 • (daenggida) (infinitive 댕겨 or 댕기어, sequential 댕기니)

daenggida (romanization)
댕겨 (infinitive)
댕기어 (infinitive)
댕기니 (sequential)
Chungcheong (Jeolla dialectal)

Continuously attested since at least the early seventeenth century; perhaps first attested in the Korean-language poem inscribed on the 추철회시문다완 / 萩鐵繪詩文茶碗, a ceramic cup made by a Korean prisoner-of-war in Japan around 1600, as Early Modern Korean ᄃᆡᆼ기다 (Yale: toyngki-ta).

lang

추철회시문다완 / 萩鐵繪詩文茶碗

추철회시문다완 / 萩鐵繪詩文茶碗

Haekgyo-neun mechil-buteo daenggi-nya?.

핵교는 멫일부터 댕기냐?. (Gyeonggi dialect, Gimpo)


-사

From Old Korean 沙 (*-sa). Preserves the lost sibilant initial, cf. Middle Korean ᅀᅡ〮 (Yale: -zá).

점드락 기달르고 있었는디 인자사 늦게 왔냐?

1982 August 8, 고상락 [gosangnak], “통두란과 이성계 [tongduran'gwa iseonggye]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라북도 옥구군 대야면 (현 군산시 대야면) [jeollabukdo okgugun daeyamyeon (hyeon gunsansi daeyamyeon)]

I've been waiting here all day long but now you come late?

Jeomdeurak gidalleugo iss-eon-neundi injasa neutge wan-nya?

Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, Yukjin, and Jeolla dialect form of 야 (-ya, idiomatic emphatic particle).


-나

First attested in the nineteenth century, as a contraction of 는가 (-neun'ga).

Coordinate term: (for wh-questions) 노 (-no)

plain speech level
w:Korean speech levels#Haera-che

(Gyeongsang) In the plain speech level, an interrogative marker denoting polar (yes-or-no) questions.


-예

그 내나, 우리 여, 임씨 문중에 딸인데예.

2015 January 27, 노정숙 [nojeongsuk], “ko: 늪에 빠진 주인의 목숨을 구하고 죽은 개”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 창녕군 이방면 [gyeongsangnamdo changnyeonggun ibangmyeon]

After all, [the bride] came from the Im family.

Geu naena, uri yeo, imssi munjung-e ttar-indeye.

Gyeongsang form of 요 (-yo, non-formal politeness-marking particle).


-요

See 소 (-so). The semivowel is introduced to break hiatus.

Gyeongsang and Jeolla dialect form of 오 (-o, post-vowel allomorph of 소 (-so, semi-formal style sentence-final suffix)).


-가

From Middle Korean 가〮 (Yale: -ká), from Old Korean 去 (*-ka). In Old and Middle Korean, the word was not a suffix but an interrogative particle for yes-no questions, combining directly with nouns and taking the Old Korean nominalized forms of verbs, whence ㄴ가 (-n'ga) and ㄹ까 (-lkka).
In the standard Seoul dialect of the language, the suffix is no longer used in isolation (nor reserved for yes-no questions); see "Related terms" below.

아이가?

이기 니 이름이가?

느그들이 성제가?

(Gyeongsang) In the plain style, an interrogative suffix marking yes-no questions. It is only used for the copula 이다 (-ida, “to be”) and 아이다 (aida, “to not be”).


-가

이기 니 이름가?

(Gyeongsang) See above; sometimes appended directly to the noun, as in older forms of the language.


-인데

From 있는 데 (in-neun de, “the place where one is”), per the Dictionary of southern Gyeongsang varieties. Also listed to be used in the Gangwon dialect in 우리말샘.

회령 창효란 데서는 영채를 길러 그래가서 김일성인데 이거 올려 보내 특산물로.

2015 September 15, 김항나 [gimhangna], “북한학 전공 학생이 함경도 청년 집에서 같이 살아봤습니다. [bukhanhak jeon'gong haksaeng'i hamgyeongdo cheongnyeon jibeseo gachi sarabwatseumnida.]”, in KBS [KBS], 함경남도 북청군 [hamgyeongnamdo bukcheonggun]

In a place called Changhyo in Hoeryong they cultivate garden cress so they send it to Kim Il Sung as a regional speciality.
Although the speaker comes from coastal South Hamgyong Province, as she was married to a man from the Hoeryong area, and lived in the city for a long while, it is possible that certain features of her speech may not be reflective of the dialect in the place of her origin.

Hoeryeong changhyoran de-seo-neun yeongchae-reul gilleo geuraegaseo gimilseong'inde igeo ollyeo bonae teuksanmul-lo.


-이

Cognate to Standard Seoul Korean 응 (eung, “yes, yeah, yep”, informal affirmative interjection). The interjection grammaticalized into a particle.

Jongcheor-a! Jal ga-geurae-i... I abuji-neun amu hal mar-i eopdae-i.

종철아! 잘 가그래이... 이 아부지는 아무 할 말이 없대이. (Gyeongsang dialect, Busan)

Go on to a good place, Cheol, my son. There’s nothing more I can say.
(This is a quote from the father of Bak Jong-cheol, a university student tortured to death by the junta in 1987, during his son's funeral. It became a slogan of the June Struggle that toppled the regime that year. The translation is from a 2018 article in The Korea Herald.)

(southern dialectal, including Gyeongsang, Gangwon, Jeolla dialect) A word-final particle denoting certitude and emotional intimacy.


가실

From Old Korean 秋察 (*KOsol(h), *KOcol(h)).


하낱도

Univerbation of 한 (han, “one”) + 낱 (nat, “piece”) + 도 (-do, “even”).

univerbation

Hanatdo an bukkureopda.

하낱도 안 부꾸럽다. (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

(Gyeongsang, with a negated sentence) even a little


아바이

그 전에 우리 아바이 늘상 노래를 하는 거는 걍 이러지.

2015 February 15, 신 크세이냐 본서너브나 [sin keuseinya bonseoneobeuna], “일생(숫자) 타령 [ilsaeng(sutja) taryeong]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 우즈베키스탄 타슈켄트 미르바스끼 [ujeubekiseutan tasyukenteu mireubaseukki]

Back then the thing my father always sang was this.

Geu jeon-e uri abai neulsang norae-reul haneun geo-neun gyang ireoji.

(Pyongan, Hamgyong, Yukjin, Russia, Hwanghae, Gangwon, Northern Gyeongsang) father


너이

그집이요 과부가요 너이가 마커 주름을 디려놓고 앉았니더.

1980 February 26, 조유란 [joyuran], “삼정승 육판서가 나는 명당 [samjeongseung yukpanseoga naneun myeongdang]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 영덕군 달산면 [gyeongsangbukdo yeongdeokgun dalsanmyeon]

All four of the widows in that house put aside the beaded blinds and sat down.

Geujibiyo gwabu-ga-yo neoi-ga makeo jureum-eul diryeono-ko anjan-nideo.

(Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, Gangwon, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Hwanghae, Seoul, Some dialects of Russia) four


싸게

그 인제 불르면서 막 싸게싸게 맞추라는 거여. (Chungcheong, Yeongdong)

Excerpt from a folk story about a poet who played a game involving matching chinese characters to a poetic lyric and was gifted a wife for his victory

Now as they were reciting they quickly matched (Chinese Characters).

Geu inje bulleumyeonseo mak ssagessage matchuraneun geoyeo.

(Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Gangwon) quickly


도분

발명을 밧비ᄒᆞ면 도분만 필 거시니 / ᄉᆞᄉᆡᆨ을 보와가며 노긔가 풀인 후의 / 종용이 나아안ᄌᆞ ᄎᆞ례로 발명ᄒᆞ면 / 부모임 우스시고 용셔를 ᄒᆞ시리라

1840 or 1900, 계여ᄀᆞ [Song of Advice for My Daughter], quoted in 딸에게 부치는 노래 [ttarege buchineun norae, Songs Sent to a Daughter], Idam Books, published 2021

If you hasten to explain, you will only invoke their anger. Look at their expressions, and once their bad mood has passed, quietly sit in front of them and explain things one by one; your parents-in-law will laugh and forgive you.

balmyeong-eul batbi-hamyeon dobun-man pil geo-sini / sasaeg-eul bowa-gamyeo nogui-ga purin hu-ui / jong'yong'i naa-anja charye-ro balmyeong-hamyeon / bumoim useusigo yongsyeo-reul hasirira


정낭

그라디, 소변 하고 접어가 아 정낭아 갔든동 갔다.

1978 October 7, 이남이 [inami], “하늘이 도운 사람 [haneuri doun saram]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 월성시 내남면 (현 경주시 내남면) [gyeongsangbukdo wolseongsi naenammyeon (hyeon gyeongjusi naenammyeon)]

But, because they needed to urinate then went to the bathroom.

Geuradi, sobyeon ha-go jeobeoga a jeongnang-a gat-deundong gat-da.

(Gangwon Yeongdong, Gyeongsang) bathroom, outhouse


학상

드가이께네 할아부지가 "학상 너그 어디서 왔냐고” 이래 묻디라는 만은.

2011 February 8, 박연옥 [bagyeonok], “사필귀정 [sapilgwijeong]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 울진군 기성면 [gyeongsangbukdo uljin'gun giseongmyeon]

After the he went inside the old man asked him, "hey student, where did you come from".

Deuga-ikkene harabuji-ga haksang neo-geu eodi-seo wan-nya-go” irae mut-di-ra-neun man-eun.

(dialectal, Gangwon, Seoul, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Yanbian) student


샇다

ko-verb

샇다 • (sata) (infinitive 샇아, sequential 샇으니)

sata (romanization)
샇아 (infinitive)
샇으니 (sequential)

난리를 지겨샇고[…] (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon) ― nalli-reul jigyeo-sako[…] ― They keep making a ruckus […]

좋아사서 죽는다 (Gyeongsang dialect, Changwon)

Gyeongsang form of 쌓다 (ssata, “to stack, to pile up”, also an auxiliary verb).


아듬다

아듬다 • (adeumda) (infinitive 아듬어, sequential 아듬으니)

adeumda (romanization)
아듬어 (infinitive)
아듬으니 (sequential)

Blend of 안다 (anda, “to hug”) + 보듬다 (bodeumda, “to caress”), per Gyeongnam Bang'eon Sajeon.


드가다

ko-verb

드가다 • (deugada) (infinitive 드가, sequential 드가니)

deugada (romanization)
드가 (infinitive)
드가니 (sequential)

들 (deul-, “to enter”) + 가다 (gada, “to go”).

ko-compound-verb

들어가다 들어가다#Korean

(nonstandard, including Gyeongsang) Synonym of 들어가다 (deureogada, “to go in”).


인나다

Of native Korean origin. Possibly descended from an abbreviation of 일어나다 (ireonada). Compare dialectal 일나다 (illada).

자고 인나믄 우렁각시가 밥상 딱 채려놓고...

2014 March 15, 김순자 [gimsunja], “우렁각시 [ureonggaksi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라남도 강진군 칠량면 [jeollanamdo gangjin'gun chillyangmyeon]

When he slept then woke up, Ureong-Gakssi would prepare the table...

Jago innameun ureonggaksi-ga bapsang ttak chaeryeonoko...

(Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang) to wake up


개땡깔

[kɛt͈ɛŋk͈a̠ɭ]

개 (gae-, “wild”, literally “dog-”) + 땡깔 (ttaengkkal, “winter cherry”).

af

black nightshade
black nightshade#English

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

(southeastern Gyeongsang) black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)


숨구다

버드남클 숨가노마 갈고친다성가신다고.

1981 July 22, 김돌룡 [gimdollyong], “점장이가 준 홍주머니로 얻은 복 [jeomjang'iga jun hongjumeoniro eodeun bok]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 상주군 (현 상주시) 낙동면 [gyeongsangbukdo sangjugun (hyeon sangjusi) nakdongmyeon]

If you hide in the willow tree then you will obstruct his way.

Gangwon and Gyeongsang form of 숨기다 (sumgida, “to hide, conceal”).


째비다

ko-verb

째비다 • (jjaebida) (infinitive 째벼 or 째비어, sequential 째비니)

jjaebida (romanization)
째벼 (infinitive)
째비어 (infinitive)
째비니 (sequential)

Compare Hamgyong Korean 째지다 (jjaejida, “to steal”).


나래비

From Japanese 並(なら)び (narabi), verbal noun of 並(なら)ぶ (narabu, “to form a line, to queue”).

ja-r

나래비를 서다

나래비로 서다


지루다

ko-verb

지루다 • (jiruda) (infinitive 지라아 or 지라, sequential 지루니)

jiruda (romanization)
지라아 (infinitive)
지라 (infinitive)
지루니 (sequential)

Gyeongsang and Jeolla dialect form of 기르다 (gireuda, “to grow, to nurture”).

이 돈을 지라아라 (Ulsan)

(Gyeongsang) to make (more money given a principal)


소곰

Southern Gyeongsang form of 소금 (sogeum, “salt”).


-아-

널찌다 (neoljjida, “to fall”) + 아 (-a-) → 널짜다 (neoljjada, “to drop; to cause to fall”)

Southern Gyeongsang form of 우 (-u-, causative suffix).


-시리

Gyeongsang form of 스레 (-seure, adverbial form of 스럽다 (-seureopda)).


힝

그래가주고 마 힝이가 한날은 저 어데 가다가...

1984 August 16, 김을년 [gimeullyeon], “어리비기 사리비기 형제 [eoribigi saribigi hyeongje]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 선산군 장천면 (현 구미시 장천면) [gyeongsangbukdo seonsan'gun jangcheonmyeon (hyeon gumisi jangcheonmyeon)]

So one day while the older brother was going somewhere...

Geuraegajugo ma hing-i-ga hannar-eun jeo eode gada-ga...

Gyeongsang form of 형 (hyeong, “older brother of a male”).


영갬

그런게 한 밤에 있다고 영갬이 이러지...

2015 February 16, 이봉선 [ibongseon], “제사 때 찾아오는 영혼 [jesa ttae chajaoneun yeonghon]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 우즈베키스탄 유코리 치르치크 시온고마을 [ujeubekiseutan yukori chireuchikeu sion'goma'eul]

Geureon'ge han bam-e itda-go yeonggaem-i ireoji...

이기 간혹 저녁마동 영갬이 자다가, “아고 내가 왜 그런 짓을 했있고?”

2015 February 16, 박대열 [bakdaeyeol], “사명당 출가 동기 [samyeongdang chulga donggi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 경상남도 하동군 하동읍 [gyeongsangnamdo hadonggun hadong'eup]

Sometimes during the evening the old man would sleep and think, 'aigo my did I do such a thing?'.

Igi ganhok jeonyeongmadong yeonggaem-i ja-daga, “ago naega wae geureon jis-eul haess-itgo?”

Dialectal, Russia, Gyeongsang, Seoul, and Jeolla dialect form of 영감 (yeonggam, “Old man, mister”).


모하다

모하다 • (mohada) (infinitive 모해 or 모하여, sequential 모하니)

mohada (romanization)
모해 (infinitive)
모하여 (infinitive)
모하니 (sequential)

Of Native Korea origin, related to 못하다 (mothada).

그래 인제 집근처는 들오도 모하고 그 백말피하고 그거 때매 무서워서...

1984 July 13, 이기술 [igisul], “도깨비 덕분에 부자된 김선달 [dokkaebi deokbune bujadoen gimseondal]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 구미시 원평동 [gyeongsangbukdo gumisi wonpyeongdong]

So now he couldn't get near his house and because he was scared from evading the white horse...

Geurae inje jipgeuncheo-neun deurodo moha-go geu baengmalpihago geugeo ttaemae museowoseo...

Gyeongsang form of 못하다 (mothada, “to be unable to do something”).


남재

기래 이 남재 일 아이 했어.

2015 June 25, 정 마르가리따 [jeong mareugaritta], “게으름뱅이 남편 버릇 고친 아내 [geeureumbaeng'i nampyeon beoreut gochin anae]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 우즈베키스탄 타라즈 [ujeubekiseutan tarajeu]

이 남재는 자꾸 받아가 인자 말 등더리 실었단 말이라.

1983 August 17, 정기호 [jeonggiho], “어느 과부와 귀가하던 과객 [eoneu gwabuwa gwigahadeon gwagaek]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 대구직할시 수성구 범어동 [daegujikhalsi suseonggu beomeodong]

After the man got it, he now got onto horseback.

I namjae-neun jakku badaga inja mal deungdeori sireotdan mar-i-ra.

(Gyeongsang, Gangwon, Hamgyong, Yukjin, Russia) male, man


-까정

[k͈a̠d͡ʑʌ̹ŋ]

From Middle Korean ᄭᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: skòcáng). Related to standard Korean 까지 (kkaji).

목포에서 전쟁 끝나고 한 10년 쌀장시를 크게 하다가 인천까정 올라온 것도 다 영감이 바람 피워가꼬 그렇게 된거여.

2007 March 5, 강길재 [ganggiljae], “4.3민주행쟁겪고, 목포에서 6.25치르고... "지금은 전쟁없응께 살기 좋아" [4.3minjuhaengjaenggyeokgo, mokpo'eseo 6.25chireugo... jigeumeun jeonjaeng'eopseungkke salgi joa"]”, in 형과니의삶 [hyeonggwaniuisam], 전라남도 목포시 [jeollanamdo mokposi], archived from the original on 2022-01-13

Because of my husband's adultery, I had to sell rice in Mokpo for 10 years after the war, until I moved up to Incheon.

Mokpo-eseo jeonjaeng kkeunnago han 10nyeon ssaljangsi-reul keuge hada-ga incheonkkajeong ollaon geot-do da yeonggam-i baram piwogakko geureoke doen'geoyeo.

Though originally from Jeju island, the interviewee moved to Mokpo as a teenager and lived there until adulthood, and thus her spoken Korean is from the Mokpo dialect.

(dialectal, including Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong) until, by


눚다

눚다 • (nutda) (infinitive 눚어, sequential 눚으니)

nutda (romanization)
눚어 (infinitive)
눚으니 (sequential)

난 아침에 눚어왔다구...

2020 September 28, 최태선 [choetaeseon], “평안도 사투리와 각 지방 별명 [pyeong'ando saturiwa gak jibang byeolmyeong]”, in 김길선's 평양만사 [gimgilseon s pyeong'yangmansa], 자강도 송원군 [jagangdo song'won'gun]

He said I that I had come late in the morning...

(Pyongan, Gyeongsang, Areas of Liaoning and Yanbian) to be late


여적지

여적지 허재비를 사연 동안 모셌다.

1982 July 21, 김수진 [gimsujin], “가짜에게 쫓겨난 부자 [gajja'ege jjotgyeonan buja]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 경상북도 봉화군 춘양면 [gyeongsangbukdo bonghwagun chunyangmyeon]

Until now the scarecrow had served you for four years.

Yeojeokji heojaebi-reul sayeon dong'an mosetda.

(Gangwon, Northern Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, to a lesser extent in, Seoul, Jeolla dialect) until now


맹글다

맹글다 • (maenggeulda) (infinitive 맹글어, sequential 맹그니)

maenggeulda (romanization)
맹글어 (infinitive)
맹그니 (sequential)

...열두 장을 맹글어 가져왔다능거 아닙니까.

2012 July 3, 정영규 [jeong'yeonggyu], “부자들을 찾아 천지공사를 한 증산 [bujadeureul chaja cheonjigongsareul han jeungsan]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 전라북도 김제시 금산면 [jeollabukdo gimjesi geumsanmyeon]

...didn't you say to make and bring 12 sheets of paper.

...Yeoldu jang-eul maenggeureo gajeowatdaneunggeo animnikka.

(dialectal, Gangwon, Seoul, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Hamgyong, Yukjin) Synonym of 만들다 (mandeulda, “to make, establish”).


각중에

그래 서울 사는 사람이, 아버지는 세상을 일찍 뜨고 어머니캉 사는데, 어머니가 각중에 눈이 어덥어 캄캄해.

1982 July 27, 사공용 [sagong'yong], “명의 이영춘 [myeong'ui iyeongchun]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 군위군 효령면 [gyeongsangbukdo gunwigun hyoryeongmyeon]

So this person living in Seoul, his father had passed away early on and while he lived with his mother, her eyes suddenly faltered and became dim.

Geurae seoul sa-neun saram-i, abeoji-neun sesang-eul iljjik tteu-go eomeoni-kang sa-neunde, eomeoni-ga gakjung'e nun-i eodeobeo kamkamhae.

(Chungcheong, Gyeongsang) suddenly, unexpectedly


꽂

꽂이 물 위에 둥둥 뜨지.

2015 February 14, 김영록 [gimyeongnok], “심청전 [simcheongjeon]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 우즈베키스탄 [ujeubekiseutan]

The flower was floating on above the water.

Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, Yukjin, and Russia form of 꽃 (kkot, “flower”)


자꼬

인자 자꼬만 만지만 보는거여.

2010 January 28, 이정임 [ijeong'im], “개고기 먹고 호랑이 만나다 [gaegogi meokgo horang'i mannada]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라남도 광양시 다압면 [jeollanamdo gwang'yangsi daammyeon]

Inja jakko-man manji-man boneun'geo-yeo.

Gangwon, Jeolla dialect, and Gyeongsang form of 자꾸 (jakku, “repeatedly, incessantly”)


마카

Compare northern Gyeongsang and Gangwon dialectal 마커 (makeo), 마캉 (makang), or Pyongan dialectal 말캐 (malkae).

가가 아 그러이 논도 마카 판다고 마 풍문을 내놓고

1979 May 19, 이돈규 [idon'gyu], “낳은 불효자와 얻은 효자 [na'eun bulhyojawa eodeun hyoja]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 월성군 (현 경주시) 안강읍 [gyeongsangbukdo wolseonggun (hyeon gyeongjusi) an'gang'eup]

They put out the rumour that they had dug all the paddy fields.

ga-ga a geureoi non-do maka panda-go ma pungmun-eul naenoko

Gangwon and Gyeongsang form of 모두 (modu, “all, wholly, altogether”)


동상

Dialectal form of 동생 (dongsaeng). Compare dialectal 학상 (haksang), 선상님 (seonsangnim).

즈그 동상은 그기 가갖고 넋이 호래이 넋이 되 갖고

2012 January 17, 박옥순 [bagoksun], “누이를 잡아먹은 호랑이에게 복수한 오빠 [nu'ireul jabameogeun horang'iege boksuhan oppa]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 산청군 금서면 [gyeongsangnamdo sancheonggun geumseomyeon]

After his younger siblings went there his soul became the soul of a tiger...

jeugeu dongsang-eun geugi ga-gatgo neoks-i horaei neoks-i doe -gatgo

Gangwon, Seoul, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, and Yanbian form of 동생(同生) (dongsaeng, “younger siblings”)


전방

[ˈt͡ɕɘ(ː)np͈a̠ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 廛 (“store, shop”) + 房 (“house, room”), with compound/genitive tensing applied.

ko-etym-sino

especially by those ignorant of the Sino-Korean etymology

(especially Gyeongsang) shop; (small) store


바대

바대쩡같은 이모자리

1984 August 2, 김금순 [gimgeumsun], “모심기 노래 [mosimgi norae]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 울산광역시 울주군 상북면 [ulsan'gwang'yeoksi uljugun sangbungmyeon]

These riceseed beds, which are like the sea.

(dialectal, predominantly Jeolla dialect, Gyeongsang) the ocean, sea


송치

[sʰo̞ŋt͡ɕʰi]

아버님, 송치씨가 어치씨를 지으시고

2012 February 11, 강귀영 [ganggwiyeong], “존댓말 잘못 배운 며느리 [jondaenmal jalmot bae'un myeoneuri]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경기도 양주시 광적면 [gyeonggido yangjusi gwangjeongmyeon]

father, lord calf is carrying lord saddle blanket...
Local folk story about a woman who uses honorifics incorrectly.

abeonim, songchissi-ga eochissi-reul jieusigo

Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, and Seoul form of 송아지 (song'aji, “calf”)


갤치다

ko-verb

갤치다 • (gaelchida) (infinitive 갤쳐 or 갤치어, sequential 갤치니)

gaelchida (romanization)
갤쳐 (infinitive)
갤치어 (infinitive)
갤치니 (sequential)

너거 동생이, 니가 글로 갤치는 니 동생이, 동생을 쟁개를 보낼라고 했는데...

1982 January 21, 한진식 [hanjinsik], “현풍 곽씨 집안의 효자 [hyeonpung gwakssi jibanui hyoja]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 의령군 정곡면 [gyeongsangnamdo uiryeonggun jeonggongmyeon]

Your younger brother, the one that you taught to read letters, I was going to send him off to get married...

Neo-geo dongsaeng-i, ni-ga geul-lo gaelchineun ni dongsaeng-i, dongsaeng-eul jaenggae-reul bonaellago haen-neun-de...

가르치다 가르치다#Korean

Jeolla dialect and Gyeongsang form of 가르치다 (gareuchida, “to teach”)


-모

옛날에 친구 집에 놀러 가모, 여러 날로 그래 있던갑데.

1982 August 9, 최복만 [choebongman], “복 이야기 [bok iyagi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 김해시 한림면 [gyeongsangnamdo gimhaesi hallimmyeon]

In the past when you would go hang out at your friend's house, you'd stay for several days.

Yennar-e chin'gu jib-e nolleo gamo, yeoreo nal-lo geurae it-deon-gapde.

(Gyeongsang) Post-vowel and post-ㄹ (l) allomorphic form of 으모 (-eumo, “(dialect) if, when”).


-맨

그래맨 제일 그 고향에서 가서 가슴 아픈 거예요

2020 November 7, 박신혁 [baksinhyeok], “2008년 입국, 박신혁 : 백령도까지 쪽배로 28시간 탈북! [2008nyeon ipguk, baksinhyeok : baengnyeongdokkaji jjokbaero 28sigan talbuk!]”, in 탈탈탈 [taltaltal], 황해남도 연안군 [hwanghaenamdo yeonan'gun]

So the most saddest thing was when I went to my hometown.
Although the defector comes from Hwanghae, his parents were originally from Jagang province and moved after much of the original residents of Yeonan were sent north after the Korean war. Thus, whether this feature of his speech is from the original Hwanghae dialect or from the Jagang province transplants is unclear.

geurae-maen jeil geu gohyang-e-seo ga-seo gaseum apeun geoyeyo

(Gyeongsang, Possibly Hwanghae or Pyongan) Post-vowel and post-ㄹ (l) allomorphic form of 으맨 (-eumaen, “(dialectal) if, when”).


색경

[sʰɛk̚k͈jʌ̹ŋ]

[sʰe̞k̚k͈jʌ̹ŋ]

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 석경 (石鏡, seokgyeong, “stone glass”).

ko-etym-nativised

'이게 뭐인가?’ 하고 색경을 이래 보니...

2009 January 31, 김세기 [gimsegi], “주름살 없애는 수술 [jureumsal eopsaeneun susul]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 강원도 평창군 용평면 [gang'wondo pyeongchanggun yongpyeongmyeon]

After looking in the mirror like this and saying, 'what is this?'...

Ige mwoin'ga?’ Ha-go saekgyeong-eul irae bo-ni...

(Gangwon, Seoul, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Pyongan, Hamgyong) mirror


솔다

ko-adj

솔다 • (solda) (infinitive 솔아, sequential 소니)

solda (romanization)
솔아 (infinitive)
소니 (sequential)
솔다 (formal indicative non-past)
솔아 (indicative informal non-past)
솔아요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
솝니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
솔았다 (formal indicative past)
솔았어 (indicative informal past)
솔았어요 (indicative informal past polite)
솔았습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
소냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
솔아 (informal interrogative non-past)
솔아요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
솝니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
솔았냐 (formal interrogative past)
솔았어 (informal interrogative past)
솔았어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
솔았습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
솔겠다 (assertive formal)
솔겠어 (assertive informal)
솔겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
솔겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
솔아 (causative formal)
솔아서 (causative informal)
소니 (causative informal polite)
소니까 (causative formal polite)
솔지만 (contrastive formal)
손데 (contrastive informal)
솔더니 (contrastive informal polite)
솔고 (conjunctive formal)
솔면 (conditional formal)
솔아야 (conditional informal)
솖 (formal noun-from-verb)
솔기 (informal noun-from-verb)
솔았음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
솔았기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
손 (determiner informal present)
솔 (determiner future informal)
소시다 (indicative non-past)
소셔 (indicative informal non-past)
소세요 (indicative non-past polite)
소셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
소십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
소셨다 (indicative past)
소셨어 (indicative informal past)
소셨어요 (indicative past polite)
소셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
소시냐 (interrogative non-past)
소셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
소세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
소셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
소십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
소셨냐 (interrogative past)
소셨어 (informal interrogative past)
소셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
소셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
소시겠다 (assertive)
소시겠어 (assertive informal)
소시겠어요 (assertive polite)
소시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
소셔 (causative)
소셔서 (causative informal)
소시니 (causative polite)
소시니까 (causative formal)
소시지만 (contrastive)
소신데 (contrastive informal)
소시더니 (contrastive polite)
소시고 (conjunctive)
소시면 (conditional)
소셔야 (conditional informal)
소심 (noun-from-verb)
소시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
소셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
소셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
소신 (determiner informal present)
소실 (determiner future informal)

Of native Korean origin.
From Middle Korean *솔〯다〮 (Yale: *swǒl-tá, “to be narrow”), not directly attested in Middle Korean but found in 솔〯옷〮 (Yale: swǒlGwós, “awl”) (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 148) and the placename 손〯돌〮 (Yale: swǒntwól, “narrow channel”) (Cho 2006, p. 138).


얼라

Probably 어린아 (eorina) (어리— (eori-) + —ㄴ (-n) + 아 (a)) → 얼나 (eolla) (ㅣ (i) dropped) → 얼라 (eolla) (consonant assimilation).

아이고, 내가 그래 뭐, 얼라 괜찮는가?”, 묻더라네...

2009 January 26, 강두임 [gangdu'im], “깨벌레의 복수 [kkaebeolle'ui boksu]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 문경시 산양면 [gyeongsangbukdo mun'gyeongsi sanyangmyeon]

"oh, I'm whatever, are you okay child?", she asked...

Aigo, naega geurae mwo, eolla gwaenchanneun'ga?”, Mutdeorane...

어린아이 어린아이#Korean

Gyeongsang form of 어린아이 (eorinai, “child”).


정구지

[t͡ɕʌ̹ŋɡud͡ʑi]


선낫

Compare dialectal 선나 (seonna), which is recorded as having the same meaning.

(Northern Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Southern Jeolla dialect) a little; a bit


뿔새

붉— (buk-, “red”) + 새 (sae). Compare southwestern Gyeongsang 불살 (bulsal), or 북새 (buksae), which is found throughout the western Korean coast.

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang) evening, morning sky

북새

evening, morning sky. Also from the same origin


써다

ko-verb

써다 • (sseoda) (infinitive 써어, sequential 써니)

sseoda (romanization)
써어 (infinitive)
써니 (sequential)

하마 머리는 써이는 겉데이

1981 July 28, 조차기 [jochagi], “명당잡은 엉터리 풍수 [myeongdangjabeun eongteori pungsu]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 안동시 서후면 [gyeongsangnamdo andongsi seohumyeon]

It seemed that the top (of the wooden chest) had already been sawed off.

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Hamgyong, Hwanghae) to cut, split wood with a saw.


비섯하다

ko-adj

비섯하다 • (biseothada) (infinitive 비섯해 or 비섯하여, sequential 비섯하니)

biseothada (romanization)
비섯해 (infinitive)
비섯하여 (infinitive)
비섯하니 (sequential)

나이 보니 아버지 나이 비섯해

1981 June 21, 김진호 [gimjinho], “누이 좋고 매부 좋고 [nu'i joko maebu joko]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 강원도 양양군 현북면 [gang'wondo yang'yanggun hyeonbungmyeon]

After seeing his age, [he found that] he was the same age as his father.

비슷하다 비슷하다#Korean

Gyeongsang and Gangwon form of 비슷하다 (biseuthada, “to be similar”)


가새다

ko-verb

가새다 • (gasaeda) (infinitive 가새 or 가새어, sequential 가새니)

gasaeda (romanization)
가새 (infinitive)
가새어 (infinitive)
가새니 (sequential)

Gyeongsang form of 가시다 (gasida, “to rinse with water”)


디디기

거 뭐 때문에 디디기가 젤 무서브냐?

1980 May 30, 임기복 [imgibok], “두더쥐의 혼인 [dudeojwiui honin]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 거창군 북상면 [gyeongsangnamdo geochanggun buksangmyeon]

Why is it that moles scare you the most?

Geo mwo ttaemune didigi-ga jel museobeu-nya?

Gyeongsang form of 두더지 (dudeoji, “mole”)


가우

(Gangwon, Seoul, Pyongan, Hwanghae, Gyeongsang, Northern Jeolla dialect and Chungcheong) scissors


데불다

데불다 • (debulda) (infinitive 데불어, sequential 데부니)

debulda (romanization)
데불어 (infinitive)
데부니 (sequential)

Compare Gyeongsang and Gyeonggi dialectal 데빌다 (debilda), Southern Jeolla 더부르다 (deobureuda) as well as standard 데리다 (derida).

그래가지구 사우를 데불구 가서 이제 곰을 잡는데 한 대 딱 아버지가 때리니까니...

1979 June 13, 김치열 [gimchiyeol], “삼부자 곰잡듯 한다 [sambuja gomjapdeut handa]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 평안남도 평양시 기림리 (현 평양직할시 모란봉구역 개선동) [pyeong'annamdo pyeong'yangsi girimni (hyeon pyeong'yangjikhalsi moranbongguyeok gaeseondong)]

So he brought his brother in law to catch bears, but after the father hit a pole...

Geuraegaji-gu sau-reul debulgu ga-seo ije gom-eul jamneunde han dae ttak abeoji-ga ttaeri-nikkani...

(Gyeongsang, Hamgyong, Yukjin, Hwanghae, Pyongan) to bring


다부

업고 다부 주막에 가이 내가 아를 반다시 업었는데 주막주인이 아 업었다 소리를 안 해.

1979 May 5, 김상태 [gimsangtae], “등금장사가 업은 업 [deunggeumjangsaga eobeun eop]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 성주군 벽진면 [gyeongsangbukdo seongjugun byeokjinmyeon]

Although I definitely carried the child on my back to the tavern again, the tavern owner didn't mention that I was carrying the child.

Eopgo dabu jumag-e gai nae-ga a-reul bandasi eobeonneunde jumakju'in-i a eobeotda sori-reul an hae.


-는교

큰집에만 내 부자 할줄 아는교? 돈이 돌아 댕기는데.

1984 July 25, 김두화 [gimduhwa], “며느리 덕으로 잘살게 된 작은집 [myeoneuri deogeuro jalsalge doen jageunjip]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 울산광역시 울주군 언양면 [ulsan'gwang'yeoksi uljugun eonyangmyeon]

Does only our oldest uncle's home know how to be rich? Money circulates anyways.

Keunjib-eman nae buja haljul aneun'gyo? Don-i dora daenggineunde.

(Gyeongsang) Interrogative suffix in the 하소체 (hasoche) style of speech.


전디다

전디다 • (jeondida) (infinitive 전뎌 or 전디어, sequential 전디니)

jeondida (romanization)
전뎌 (infinitive)
전디어 (infinitive)
전디니 (sequential)

palatalized form of 견디다 (gyeondida). Compare 길 (gil) or 지름 (jireum).

배가 고파 못 전디이 뭐 먹을 걸 좀 주이소.

1981 July 22, 김돌룡 [gimdollyong], “점장이가 준 홍주머니로 얻은 복 [jeomjang'iga jun hongjumeoniro eodeun bok]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 상주군 (현 상주시) 낙동면 [gyeongsangbukdo sangjugun (hyeon sangjusi) nakdongmyeon]

Please give me a bit of something to eat, I am hungry and can't endure it.

Bae-ga gopa mot jeondi-i mwo meogeul geol jom ju'iso.

Gyeongsang form of 견디다 (gyeondida, “to endure”)


시야

Appears to be a nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 형 (兄, hyeong, “older brother”). From 시 (si) + 야 (-ya). Compare Southern dialectal 성 (seong) or Gyeongsang 히아 (hia), 힝 (hing).

ko-etym-nativised

시야, 오빠가 갈 때 뭐를 그래 보이지 마라 카고 조여?

1981 July 17, 문종림 [munjongnim], “구렁이 선비 [gureong'i seonbi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 상주군 사벌면 (현 상주시 사벌국면) [gyeongsangbukdo sangjugun sabeolmyeon (hyeon sangjusi sabeolgungmyeon)]

older brother, when our brother went what was the thing hat he told us not to look at?

Siya, oppa-ga gal ttae mwo-reul geurae boi-ji mara kago jo-yeo?

(Northern Gyeongsang) older brother, older male


인지

Compare 인제 (inje), as well as dialectal 인자 (inja).

그래 인지 올라가보이까 여기 같은 거예요, 자리가.

2013 March 28, 배순분 [baesunbun], “군항대의 형세를 경계한 세조 [gunhangdae'ui hyeongsereul gyeonggyehan sejo]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 김천시 대항면 [gyeongsangbukdo gimcheonsi daehangmyeon]

So now that he was going up it was the same place.

Geurae inji ollagabo-ikka yeogi gateun geoyeyo, jari-ga.


배무

배무는 낮에 질게 댕기지....

2011 January 28, 황명기 [hwangmyeonggi], “스승과 제자 [seuseunggwa jeja]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 울진군 후포면 [gyeongsangbukdo uljin'gun hupomyeon]

(Gangwon, Northern Gyeongsang) Alternative form of 뱀 (baem, “snake”)


일나다

ko-verb

일나다 • (illada) (infinitive 일나, sequential 일나니)

illada (romanization)
일나 (infinitive)
일나니 (sequential)

Related to standard Korean 일어나다 (ireonada). Compare dialectal 인나다 (innada)

나는 껌정소가 먼저 일난다. 그러면 니 어떻게 뻘건소가 먼저 일라노?

I [think] the black cow wakes up first. So why do you think the red cow wakes up first?

Na-neun kkeomjeongso-ga meonjeo illanda. Geureo-myeon ni eotteoke ppeolgeonso-ga meonjeo illa-no?

(Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect) to wake up


사램

그래갖고 이 김한량이라는 사램이 무진 마음을 먹었는고 허믄.

2011 February 28, 정원창 [jeong'wonchang], “가짜 명궁 김한량 [gajja myeonggung gimhallyang]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라북도 구례군 구례읍 [jeollabukdo guryegun guryeeup]

So if you asked this Kim Han-Ryang person what he made up his mind on...

Geuraegatgo i gimhallyang-i-ra-neun saraem-i mujin ma'eum-eul meog-eon-neun-go heo-meun.

Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Gangwon, and Yukjin form of 사람 (saram, “human, person”)


-민서

Related to 면서 (-myeonseo). See 으면서 (-eumyeonseo)

배 고만 두구 과일나무나 가꾸민서 오손도손 삽시다.

2013 June 21, 김정자 [gimjeongja], “나의 살던 고향은 [naui saldeon gohyang'eun]”, in KBS 고향극장 [KBS gohyanggeukjang], 함경북도 청진시 [hamgyeongbukdo cheongjinsi]

Why don't you give up fishing and raise a fruit tree so that we can live happily.
As the speaker is a Korean War refugee from the 1950s who has since lived in Sokcho, it is probable that her speech does not represent the traditional dialect of the region.

Bae goman du-gu gwaillamu-na gakkuminseo osondoson sapsida.

(Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Hamgyong) Post-vowel allomorphic of 으민서 (-euminseo) form of 으민서 (-euminseo).


동숭

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 동생 (同生, dongsaeng, “younger siblings”).

ko-etym-nativised

동숭아, 제부는 어디 갔노?

1979 July 29, 양또순 [yangttosun], “구렁 선비 [gureong seonbi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 거제군 장목면 [gyeongsangnamdo geojegun jangmongmyeon]

Younger sibling, where has brother-in-law (the sibling's husband) gone?

Gyeongsang and Jeolla dialect form of 동생 (dongsaeng, “younger siblings”)


마커

Compare northern Gyeongsang and Gangwon dialectal 마카 (maka).

...반뜻하게 마커 이래가지고 문을 짰잖아 그전에?

2015 January 5, 박창근 [bakchanggeun], “도둑을 쫓아낸 노부부 [dodugeul jjochanaen nobubu]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 강원도 동해시 망상동 [gang'wondo donghaesi mangsangdong]

...back then [you would cut] it all upright then construct the door right?

...Bantteuthage makeo irae-gajigo mun-eul jjat-jana geujeon-e?


말기다

ko-verb

말기다 • (malgida) (infinitive 말겨 or 말기어, sequential 말기니)

malgida (romanization)
말겨 (infinitive)
말기어 (infinitive)
말기니 (sequential)

그 어머니가 말겨서 그 전쟁에를 못 나갔어.

1980 January 31, 이순근 [isun'geun], “떡 하나 주면 안 잡아 먹지 [tteok hana jumyeon an jaba meokji]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라북도 완주군 운주면 [jeollabukdo wanjugun unjumyeon]

He couldn't go off to war because his mother stopped [him from going].

Geu eomeoni-ga malgyeo-seo geu jeonjaeng-e-reul mot nagasseo.

Gangwon, Gyeongsang, and Jeolla dialect form of 말리다 (mallida, “to stop, keep”)


배암

배암이 인자 그 사람을 그거 저 뭐꼬 인도를 하는 기라.

2010 February 4, 심경옥 [simgyeong'ok], “까치가 은혜를 보답한 이야기 [kkachiga eunhyereul bodaphan iyagi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 부산광역시 부산진구 개금동 [busan'gwang'yeoksi busanjin'gu gaegeumdong]

Now the snake was giving guidance to the person.

Baeam-i inja geu saram-eul geugeo jeo mwo-kko indo-reul ha-neun -gira.

(obsolete in standard Korean, otherwise also dialectal form in, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) Alternative form of 뱀 (baem, “snake”)


마캉

Compare northern Gyeongsang and Gangwon dialectal 마커 (makeo), 마카 (maka).

마캉 눈이 동그랗지요. 그래서 그래 어른들이 시어마님이 가서르 언나를 데루 와요.

1984 February 18, 이옥녀 [iongnyeo], “김치둑이 아들을 낳고 오해 받은 며느리 [gimchidugi adeureul nako ohae badeun myeoneuri]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 예천군 호명면 [gyeongsangbukdo yecheon'gun homyeongmyeon]

The snow was all round, so among the adults mother-in-law went and brought the children out.

Makang nun-i donggeurachiyo. Geuraeseo geurae eoreun-deur-i sieomanim-i ga-seoreu eonna-reul deru wa-yo.


어마

어마를 세상기껍게 해드릴 일이 읎어서 그래서 난 피리를 불구 내 처는 인제 춤을 춘다.

1981 July 19, 목수희 [moksuhui], “가난한 효자 효부 [gananhan hyoja hyobu]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 강원도 횡성군 공근면 [gang'wondo hoengseonggun gonggeunmyeon]

Since there is nothing I can do to make my mother happy I'll now [just] play the flute and my wife will dance.

Eoma-reul sesanggikkeopge haedeuril ir-i eupseoseo geurae-seo nan piri-reul bulgu nae cheo-neun inje chum-eul chunda.

Gyeongsang, Seoul, and Gangwon form of 어머니 (eomeoni, “mother”)


재우

Probably from a palatalized form of 겨우 (gyeou). Compare dialectal 제우 (je'u), 제오 (je'o).

그때 뭐 말도 재우 떰뻑떰벅 해도 무슨 소린고도 못 알아 듣고 했는데...

2009 July 25, 하종희 [hajonghui], “실수로 뱀을 찌른 스님과 인간으로 환생하여 원한 갚으려 한 뱀 [silsuro baemeul jjireun seunimgwa in'ganeuro hwansaenghayeo wonhan gapeuryeo han baem]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상남도 함양군 함양읍 [gyeongsangnamdo hamyanggun hamyang'eup]

It was hard to understand even if they were barely talking mindlessly...

Geuttae mwo mal-do jae'u tteomppeoktteombeok hae-do museun sorin-go-do mot ara deut-go haen-neunde...

(Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect) barely, with difficulty


우야다

우야든동 이걸 다리 비지 말고 여물게 간수하라고.

1984 July 13, 김덕선 [gimdeokseon], “뱀신랑 [baemsillang]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 구미시 원평동 [gyeongsangbukdo gumisi wonpyeongdong]

Anyways, instead of looking at other people, safekeep it well.

Uya-deundong igeol dari bi-ji mal-go yeomulge gansuharago.


갈키다

갈키다 • (galkida) (infinitive 갈켜 or 갈키어, sequential 갈키니)

galkida (romanization)
갈켜 (infinitive)
갈키어 (infinitive)
갈키니 (sequential)

See 가리키다 (garikida). Compare dialectal 갈치다 (galchida), 갤치다 (gaelchida).

가리키다 가리키다#Korean

(Seoul, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong) Alternative form of 가리키다 (garikida, “to point, indicate”)

그러니까 세 살이라해도 두 살 뿐이 안된 놈을 갖다가 이를티믄 갈키면서...

2011 January 14, 김회원 [gimhoewon], “정회원의 생애담 [jeonghoewonui saeng'aedam]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라남도 담양군 월산면 [jeollanamdo damyanggun wolsanmyeon]

So even if it's three years old take it to a child who isn't even two and teach it...

Geureo-nikka se sari-rahaedo du sal ppun-i andoen nom-eul gatda-ga ireultimeun galki-myeonseo...

가르치다 가르치다#Korean

(Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Northern Chungcheong) Alternative form of 가르치다 (gareuchida, “to teach, inform”)


눟다

눟다 • (nuta) (infinitive 눟어, sequential 눟으니)

nuta (romanization)
눟어 (infinitive)
눟으니 (sequential)

얼라 눟을 달에 동네 사람 부인이 알라 가지래도 그 달에 아를 놓을라 카믄 딴 데 나가야 되고, 그랬다.

2010 February 25, 김후란 [gimhuran], “당제의 금기 [dangje'ui geumgi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 포항시 북구 청하면 [gyeongsangbukdo pohangsi bukgu cheonghamyeon]

On the month where you give birth to a child, even if a woman has already given birth to a child, as long as you say you will give birth then you have to go somewhere else.

Eolla nu-eul dar-e dongne saram bu'in-i alla gajiraedo geu dar-e a-reul no-eulla ka-meun ttan de nagaya doego, geuraetda.

Gangwon and Gyeongsang form of 낳다 (nata, “to give birth, sire”)


엉머구리

퍼떡 겄는데 보이 엉머구리를 이만한 걸 들더라.

1982 August 7, 김효형 [gimhyohyeong], “일무와(一無蛙)’로 급제한 과거 선비 [ilmuwa’ro geupjehan gwageo seonbi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 군위군 고로면 [gyeongsangbukdo gunwigun goromyeon]

So he kept on quickly going and saw that it was holding a frog this big.

Peotteok geon-neunde boi eongmeoguri-reul imanhan geol deul-deora.


앵경

[ˈɛ(ː)ŋɡjʌ̹ŋ]

[ˈe̞(ː)ŋɡjʌ̹ŋ]

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 안경 (眼鏡, an'gyeong, “glasses”).

ko-etym-nativised

이담에 아들이 와 보니께 이거 앵경을 쓰구 아버지를 병신을 맨들었단 말야.

1981 July 17, 곽성용 [gwakseong'yong], “오성과 한음 [oseonggwa haneum]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]), 충청북도 아산시 음봉면 [chungcheongbukdo asansi eumbongmyeon]

Then the next time the son had come he found out that by wearing the glasses, his father had become ill.

Idam-e adeur-i wa bo-nikke igeo aenggyeong-eul sseugu abeoji-reul byeongsin-eul maendeureotdan mar-ya.

(Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong, Pyongan, Hamgyong, Yukjin) glasses


숨키다

ko-verb

숨키다 • (sumkida) (infinitive 숨켜 or 숨키어, sequential 숨키니)

sumkida (romanization)
숨켜 (infinitive)
숨키어 (infinitive)
숨키니 (sequential)

똑똑헌 놈, 숨켜논 놈허고 현감허고 돌아댕게.

2009 April 11, 이희철 [ihuicheol], “소복 입은 여인의 소원을 풀어준 현감 [sobok ibeun yeoinui sowoneul pureojun hyeon'gam]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 전라북도 구례군 토지면 [jeollabukdo guryegun tojimyeon]

So with the smart person, the hidden person and the governor of the township they wandered around.

Ttokttokheon nom, sumkyeo-non nomheo-go hyeon'gamheo-go doradaengge.

(Gangwon, Seoul, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect, Hwanghae) Alternative form of 숨기다 (sumgida, “to hide, conceal something”)


자양거

Probably related to or a nativisation of 자행거(自行車) (jahaenggeo)

자기 본 남자가 자양거를 타고 질로 삭 가메...

2014 January 24, 김태선 [gimtaeseon], “남편의 대기만성을 못기다려 매미가 된 부인 [nampyeonui daegimanseong'eul motgidaryeo maemiga doen bu'in]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 영천시 선녕면 [gyeongsangbukdo yeongcheonsi seonnyeongmyeon]

The bicycle riding man that she said had gone done the road...

Jagi bon namja-ga jayanggeo-reul ta-go jil-lo sak ga-me...


거진

개성 장안에 거진 다 빨간 띠 신돈의 아들이래는 거요 다.

2010 March 27, 봉수길 [bongsugil], “고려요승 신돈 [goryeoyoseung sindon]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경기도 파주시 적성면 [gyeonggido pajusi jeokseongmyeon]

So they say in Kaeseong almost all the red belts were the sons of Shindon.

Gaeseong jang'an-e geojin da ppalgan tti sindon-ui adeurirae-neun geo-yo da.

(Chungcheong, Gangwon, Seoul, Gyeongsang, Jeolla dialect, Pyongan) Alternative form of 거의 (geoui, “almost, nearly”)


윗다

윗다 • (witda) (infinitive 윗어, sequential 윗으니)

witda (romanization)
윗어 (infinitive)
윗으니 (sequential)

그 인제 윗고 그 모면했다.

1980 February 8, 이용근 [iyonggeun], “방학중과 순라꾼 [banghakjunggwa sullakkun]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 영덕군 강구면 [gyeongsangbukdo yeongdeokgun ganggumyeon]

So now he avoided his responsibilities while smiling.

Gyeongsang form of 웃다 (utda, “to laugh, smile”)


그꾸

야들아 뭐하로 그꾸 너 삼동세가 그꾸 싸우노?

1984 April 14, 안희경 [anhuigyeong], “삼동서의 가문 자랑과 세 사돈 [samdongseoui gamun jaranggwa se sadon]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 예천군 보문면 [gyeongsangbukdo yecheon'gun bomunmyeon]

Hey, what are you doing that makes you three sisters-in-law fight in that way?

Ya-deur-a mwoha-ro geukku neo samdongse-ga geukku ssau-no?

(Northern Gyeongsang) to that extent, in that way


-시니껴

시니껴 (canonical)
-sinikkyeo (romanization)

Compare 니껴 (-nikkyeo), 십니꺼 (-simnikkeo), which are also used in different areas of Northern and Southern Gyeongsang Province.

아버지, 아버지요, 실수를 그만치 했으면 됐지 왜 이리 오시니껴?

2012 February 9, 우순석 [usunseok], “사돈집 가서 망신당한 이야기 [sadonjip gaseo mangsindanghan iyagi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 경상북도 영양군 일월면 [gyeongsangbukdo yeong'yanggun irwolmyeon]

Father, father, if you made that many mistakes then it's okay why do you keep coming here?

Abeoji, abeoji-yo, silsu-reul geumanchi haess-eumyeon dwaet-ji wae iri osinikkyeo?

(Northern Gyeongsang) Alternative form of 습니까 (-seumnikka).