가

From Middle Korean 가〮 (Yale: ká); see the main entry for more.

infinitive of 가다 (gada, “to go”): see 가다 (gada), 어 (-eo).

informal non-polite non-past indicative of 가다 (gada, “to go”)

informal non-polite non-past interrogative of 가다 (gada, “to go”)

informal non-polite hortative of 가다 (gada, “to go”)

informal non-polite imperative of 가다 (gada, “to go”)

formal non-polite cause/reason of 가다 (gada, “to go”)


하다

ko-verb

하다 • (hada) (infinitive 해 or 하여, sequential 하니)

hada (romanization)
해 (infinitive)
하여 (infinitive)
하니 (sequential)
한다 (formal indicative non-past)
해 (indicative informal non-past)
해요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
합니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
했다 (formal indicative past)
했어 (indicative informal past)
했어요 (indicative informal past polite)
했습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
하느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
해 (informal interrogative non-past)
해요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
합니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
했느냐 (formal interrogative past)
했어 (informal interrogative past)
했어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
했습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
하자 (formal hortative)
해 (hortative informal)
해요 (hortative informal polite)
하십시다 (formal hortative polite)
해라 (formal imperative)
하여라 (formal imperative)
해 (imperative informal)
해요 (imperative informal polite)
합시오 (formal imperative polite)
하겠다 (assertive formal)
하겠어 (assertive informal)
하겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
하겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
해 (causative formal)
해서 (causative informal)
하여서 (causative informal)
하니 (causative informal polite)
하니까 (causative formal polite)
하지만 (contrastive formal)
하는데 (contrastive informal)
하더니 (contrastive informal polite)
하고 (conjunctive formal)
하면 (conditional formal)
해야 (conditional informal)
하여야 (conditional informal)
하려고 (formal motive-form)
함 (formal noun-from-verb)
하기 (informal noun-from-verb)
했음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
하였음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
했기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
하였기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
한 (determiner formal past)
하는 (determiner formal present)
할 (determiner formal future)
하신다 (formal indicative non-past)
하셔 (indicative informal non-past)
하세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
하셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
하십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
하셨다 (formal indicative past)
하셨어 (indicative informal past)
하셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
하셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
하시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
하셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
하세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
하셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
하십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
하셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
하셨어 (informal interrogative past)
하셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
하셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
하시라 (formal imperative)
하셔 (imperative informal)
하세요 (imperative informal polite)
하십시오 (formal imperative polite)
하시겠다 (assertive formal)
하시겠어 (assertive informal)
하시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
하시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
하셔 (causative formal)
하셔서 (causative informal)
하시니 (causative informal polite)
하시니까 (causative formal polite)
하시지만 (contrastive formal)
하시는데 (contrastive informal)
하시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
하시고 (conjunctive formal)
하시면 (conditional formal)
하셔야 (conditional informal)
하시려고 (formal motive-form)
하심 (formal noun-from-verb)
하시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
하셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
하셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
하신 (determiner formal past)
하시는 (determiner formal present)
하실 (determiner formal future)

Of native Korean origin, from Middle Korean ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hò-tá), from Old Korean 爲 (*HO(Y)-). Cognate with Jeju ᄒᆞ다 (hawda).
It is believed that at an ancient stage, the stem of ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hò-tá) was actually *ᄒᆡ (Yale: *hoy-), as still evidenced by the irregular infinitive form 하여 (hayeo) (Vovin 2010, p. 27).

내일 먹을 밥을 미리 하다

(transitive) to do; used to vaguely refer to almost any action, in particular:

to prepare, to make (food, clothes, etc.)

to prepare, to make (food, clothes, etc.)

어두운 얼굴을 하다

혹시 차나 하실래요?

술을 좀처럼 하지 않다

화려한 귀걸이를 하고 나가다

to wear, to put on (accessories such as hats or jewelry)

조그만 옷가게를 하다

대통령을 하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다.

It is not an easy thing to be president.

Daetongnyeong-eul haneun geos-eun swiun ir-i anida.

to be, to take the responsibility of... (a charge, a role)

2등밖에 못 하다

집 한 채에 십 억이나 한다.

Each house is worth as much as a billion won.

밥값도 못 하는 놈
bapgap-do mot haneun nom
worthless person
(literally, “bastard who isn't even worth the price of his food”)

(of prices, whether literal or figuratively) to cost, to be worth (a certain price)

이 문제를 어떻게 할까요?

(usually with 어떻게 (“how”)) to treat, to deal with

휴대폰을 하나 하다

(euphemistic) to acquire (an object, by purchase or other arrangement)

했어? — 아니, 못 했어. ― Haess-eo?

Ani, mot haess-eo. ― Did you do it? — No, I couldn't.

느리게 하면 되나?

제가 할 수 있어요.

잠깐 쉬자고 했다.

잠깐 쉬자는 소리에 나는 고개를 돌렸다.
Jamkkan swija-neun sori-e na-neun gogae-reul dollyeotda.
At her saying we should rest a bit, I turned my head.

(after an indirect quotation) to say (that)

걔가 "씨발" 하고 욕하더라.
Gyae-ga ssibal hago yok-hadeora.
He cussed, like "fuck".

걔가 나보고 "너 미쳤냐?" 하는 거 있지?

He was telling me, you know, "Are you insane?"

Gyae-ga na-bogo neo micheonnya? Haneun geo itji?

(after a direct quotation, colloquial, especially as 하고) to be like; to say (that)

to say (that):
to be like; to say (that)

서로 의미가 같은 단어를 동의어라 한다.

Words which have the same meaning are called synonyms.

Seoro uimi-ga gateun daneo-reul dong'uieo-ra handa.

to say (that):
(transitive) to call, to name

돌이 쿵 하고 떨어졌다.

병아리가 삐악삐악했다.

(after an ideophone or onomatopoeia) to go; make the sound of the onomatopoeia; to act according to the ideophone

그가 뭘 보는가 했더니 만화책이었다.

I was wondering what he was reading; it was a comic book.

Geu-ga mwol boneun'ga haetdeoni manhwachaeg-ieotda.

(after an interrogative suffix) to wonder, to ponder

황제는 차자를 태자로 했다.

The emperor decided on his second son as his heir.

Hwangje-neun chaja-reul taeja-ro haetda.

그 여인을 부인으로 했다.

아일랜드 농민들은 감자를 주식으로 했다.

The Irish peasantry had potatoes as their staple food.

Aillaendeu nongmin-deur-eun gamja-reul jusig-euro haetda.

(transitive, with 으로 (“with”)) to make, to render:

(with a noun) to decide on; to make; to use (as)

to make, to render:
to decide on; to make; to use (as)

친구하고 등산하기로 했어요.

그는 전쟁을 하기로 했다.

정책을 추진하는 것으로 했습니다.

We decided to push forward with the policy.

Jeongchaeg-eul chujin-haneun geos-euro haetseumnida.

(with a clause nominalized with 기 or 것) to decide

얼굴을 메카 방향으로 하고 기도를 드렸다.

He had his face face Mecca, and offered his prayers.

Eolgur-eul Meka banghyang-euro hago gido-reul deuryeotda.

내가 남친한테 너무 나쁘게 한 것 같다.

I feel I treated my boyfriend too badly.

Nae-ga namchin-hante neomu nappeuge han geot gatda.

(intransitive, with indirect object, with adverb) to treat (in a certain way)

(auxiliary) See 어하다 (-eohada, “to consider (as); to find (as)”).

말 (mal, “speech”) + 하다 (hada) → 말하다 (malhada, “to talk”)

번역(飜譯) (beonyeok, “translation”) + 하다 (hada) → 번역(飜譯)하다 (beonyeokhada, “to translate”)

사랑 (sarang, “love”) + 하다 (hada) → 사랑하다 (saranghada, “to love”)

나를 사랑은 했어?

전쟁을 하는 것이 얼마나 끔찍한 일인지 나는 몰랐었다.

I had not known what a terrible thing it is to wage war.

Jeonjaeng-eul haneun geos-i eolmana kkeumjjikhan ir-inji na-neun mollasseotda.

Used as a light verb to allow nouns and noun-like forms to function as active verbs. The verb itself has little to no real meaning. The noun functions as a direct object of the verb, being able to take particles such as the accusative case marker 을 or the topic marker 은.

클린 (keullin, from English clean) + 하다 (hada) → 클린하다 (keullinhada, “to be clean”)

은은(隱隱) (euneun, “being beautifully indistinct”) + 하다 (hada) → 은은(隱隱)하다 (euneunhada, “to be beautifully indistinct”)

건강은 한데 맛이 너무 역하다.

It's good for your health, but it tastes too repulsive.

Geon'gang-eun hande mas-i neomu yeokhada.

Used as a light verb to allow nouns and noun-like forms to function as adjectives. The verb itself has little to no real meaning. The noun can be separated by the topic marker 은.

착 (chak, of unknown etymology; from Manchu ᠴᠠᡴ (cak)?) + 하다 (hada) → 착하다 (chakhada, “to be nice”)

망(亡) (mang, “ruin, destruction”) + 하다 (hada) → 망(亡)하다 (manghada, “to be brought to ruin”)

After certain roots, fully suffixed to form an inseparable verb or adjective. Such roots tend to be single-character Sino-Korean morphemes.

먹기는 했다.

She did eat [but did not do anything else].

먹기만 했다.

먹기도 했다.

Used with no real meaning after a verb or adjective nominalized with 기 and followed by a particle.

인도로 가고자 했다.

빨리 도망가려고 했다.

Used as the neutral verbal element after suffixes expressing intent.

앉았다가 섰다가 했다.

He was sitting down, then standing up, then sitting down again.

갈까 말까 했다.

아기는 울고 웃고 했다.

Used as the neutral verbal element for constructions with repeated suffixes.

비가 와서 > 비가 오고 해서
bi-ga waseo > bi-ga ogo haeseo
since it was raining > since it was raining and all

기분이 안 좋길래 > 기분이 안 좋고 하길래
gibun-i an jo-killae > gibun-i an jo-ko hagillae
since I was feeling bad > since I was feeling bad and all

(colloquial) and all; used after 고 to emphasize a suffix expressing causation.

See 게 하다 (-ge hada, “to make; (forms the causative)”).

See 고는 하다 (-goneun hada, “[one] would [customarily]...”).

고는 하다
-고는 하다#Korean

Various idiomatic usages:
See 다 하면 (-da hamyeon, “if... always”).

See 어야 하다 (-eoya hada, “must; should; have to”).

어야 하다
-어야 하다#Korean

See 었으면 하다 (-eosseumyeon hada, “to wish; to hope”).

었으면 하다
-었으면 하다#Korean

See 으로 하여 (-euro hayeo, “because of; via”).

으로 하여
-으로 하여#Korean

See 쯤 해서 (-jjeum haeseo, “around the time...”).

Various idiomatic usages:
See 하고 (-hago, “and, with”).

Various idiomatic usages:
See 하면 (hamyeon, “as for”).

See 할 것 없다 (hal geot eopda, “to have no need to distinguish”).

할 것 없다
할 것 없다#Korean


읽다

읽다 • (ikda) (infinitive 읽어, sequential 읽으니)

ikda (romanization)
읽어 (infinitive)
읽으니 (sequential)
읽는다 (formal indicative non-past)
읽어 (indicative informal non-past)
읽어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
읽습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
읽었다 (formal indicative past)
읽었어 (indicative informal past)
읽었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
읽었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
읽느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
읽어 (informal interrogative non-past)
읽어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
읽습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
읽었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
읽었어 (informal interrogative past)
읽었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
읽었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
읽자 (formal hortative)
읽어 (hortative informal)
읽어요 (hortative informal polite)
읽으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
읽어라 (formal imperative)
읽어 (imperative informal)
읽어요 (imperative informal polite)
읽읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
읽겠다 (assertive formal)
읽겠어 (assertive informal)
읽겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
읽겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
읽어 (causative formal)
읽어서 (causative informal)
읽으니 (causative informal polite)
읽으니까 (causative formal polite)
읽지만 (contrastive formal)
읽는데 (contrastive informal)
읽더니 (contrastive informal polite)
읽고 (conjunctive formal)
읽으면 (conditional formal)
읽어야 (conditional informal)
읽으려고 (formal motive-form)
읽음 (formal noun-from-verb)
읽기 (informal noun-from-verb)
읽었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
읽었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
읽은 (determiner formal past)
읽는 (determiner formal present)
읽을 (determiner formal future)
읽으신다 (formal indicative non-past)
읽으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
읽으세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
읽으셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
읽으십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
읽으셨다 (formal indicative past)
읽으셨어 (indicative informal past)
읽으셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
읽으셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
읽으시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
읽으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
읽으세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
읽으셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
읽으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
읽으셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
읽으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
읽으셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
읽으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
읽으시라 (formal imperative)
읽으셔 (imperative informal)
읽으세요 (imperative informal polite)
읽으십시오 (formal imperative polite)
읽으시겠다 (assertive formal)
읽으시겠어 (assertive informal)
읽으시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
읽으시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
읽으셔 (causative formal)
읽으셔서 (causative informal)
읽으시니 (causative informal polite)
읽으시니까 (causative formal polite)
읽으시지만 (contrastive formal)
읽으시는데 (contrastive informal)
읽으시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
읽으시고 (conjunctive formal)
읽으시면 (conditional formal)
읽으셔야 (conditional informal)
읽으시려고 (formal motive-form)
읽으심 (formal noun-from-verb)
읽으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
읽으셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
읽으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
읽으신 (determiner formal past)
읽으시는 (determiner formal present)
읽으실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 닑다〮 (Yale: nìlk-tá).

ko-etym-native

여러분, 종이 신문을 읽으시나요? (honorific, colloquial style)

Ladies and gentlemen (or everybody, you guys), do you read paper newspapers?

Yeoreobun, jong'i sinmun-eul ilg-eusi-na-yo?


심다

ko-verb

심다 • (simda) (infinitive 심어, sequential 심으니)

simda (romanization)
심어 (infinitive)
심으니 (sequential)
심는다 (formal indicative non-past)
심어 (indicative informal non-past)
심어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
심습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
심었다 (formal indicative past)
심었어 (indicative informal past)
심었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
심었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
심느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
심어 (informal interrogative non-past)
심어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
심습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
심었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
심었어 (informal interrogative past)
심었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
심었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
심자 (formal hortative)
심어 (hortative informal)
심어요 (hortative informal polite)
심으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
심어라 (formal imperative)
심어 (imperative informal)
심어요 (imperative informal polite)
심읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
심겠다 (assertive formal)
심겠어 (assertive informal)
심겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
심겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
심어 (causative formal)
심어서 (causative informal)
심으니 (causative informal polite)
심으니까 (causative formal polite)
심지만 (contrastive formal)
심는데 (contrastive informal)
심더니 (contrastive informal polite)
심고 (conjunctive formal)
심으면 (conditional formal)
심어야 (conditional informal)
심으려고 (formal motive-form)
심음 (formal noun-from-verb)
심기 (informal noun-from-verb)
심었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
심었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
심은 (determiner formal past)
심는 (determiner formal present)
심을 (determiner formal future)
심으신다 (formal indicative non-past)
심으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
심으세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
심으셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
심으십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
심으셨다 (formal indicative past)
심으셨어 (indicative informal past)
심으셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
심으셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
심으시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
심으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
심으세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
심으셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
심으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
심으셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
심으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
심으셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
심으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
심으시라 (formal imperative)
심으셔 (imperative informal)
심으세요 (imperative informal polite)
심으십시오 (formal imperative polite)
심으시겠다 (assertive formal)
심으시겠어 (assertive informal)
심으시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
심으시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
심으셔 (causative formal)
심으셔서 (causative informal)
심으시니 (causative informal polite)
심으시니까 (causative formal polite)
심으시지만 (contrastive formal)
심으시는데 (contrastive informal)
심으시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
심으시고 (conjunctive formal)
심으시면 (conditional formal)
심으셔야 (conditional informal)
심으시려고 (formal motive-form)
심으심 (formal noun-from-verb)
심으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
심으셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
심으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
심으신 (determiner formal past)
심으시는 (determiner formal present)
심으실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 시므다 (Yale: simuta).

ko-etym-native

정원에 사과나무를 심다

나는 학생들에게 올바른 사상을 심어 주려고 했다.

I tried to inculcate a right thought in [my] student.

naneun haksaengdeurege olbareun sasang'eul simeo juryeogo haetda.

To plant, implant, instill, inculcate (a thought or a sentiment)


날

Future adnominal of 나다 (nada, “to exit”): which will exit

Future adnominal of 날다 (nalda, “to fly”): which will fly


인

realis adnominal of 일다 (ilda, “to occur”)

realis adnominal of 이다 (ida, “to carry on the head; to tile”)


간

past determiner of 가다 (gada): gone, went


꿇다

ko-verb

꿇다 • (kkulta) (infinitive 꿇어, sequential 꿇으니)

kkulta (romanization)
꿇어 (infinitive)
꿇으니 (sequential)
꿇는다 (formal indicative non-past)
꿇어 (indicative informal non-past)
꿇어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
꿇습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
꿇었다 (formal indicative past)
꿇었어 (indicative informal past)
꿇었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
꿇었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
꿇느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
꿇어 (informal interrogative non-past)
꿇어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
꿇습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
꿇었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
꿇었어 (informal interrogative past)
꿇었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
꿇었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
꿇자 (formal hortative)
꿇어 (hortative informal)
꿇어요 (hortative informal polite)
꿇으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
꿇어라 (formal imperative)
꿇어 (imperative informal)
꿇어요 (imperative informal polite)
꿇읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
꿇겠다 (assertive formal)
꿇겠어 (assertive informal)
꿇겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
꿇겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
꿇어 (causative formal)
꿇어서 (causative informal)
꿇으니 (causative informal polite)
꿇으니까 (causative formal polite)
꿇지만 (contrastive formal)
꿇는데 (contrastive informal)
꿇더니 (contrastive informal polite)
꿇고 (conjunctive formal)
꿇으면 (conditional formal)
꿇어야 (conditional informal)
꿇으려고 (formal motive-form)
꿇음 (formal noun-from-verb)
꿇기 (informal noun-from-verb)
꿇었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
꿇었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
꿇은 (determiner formal past)
꿇는 (determiner formal present)
꿇을 (determiner formal future)
꿇으신다 (formal indicative non-past)
꿇으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
꿇으세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
꿇으셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
꿇으십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
꿇으셨다 (formal indicative past)
꿇으셨어 (indicative informal past)
꿇으셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
꿇으셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
꿇으시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
꿇으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
꿇으세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
꿇으셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
꿇으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
꿇으셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
꿇으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
꿇으셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
꿇으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
꿇으시라 (formal imperative)
꿇으셔 (imperative informal)
꿇으세요 (imperative informal polite)
꿇으십시오 (formal imperative polite)
꿇으시겠다 (assertive formal)
꿇으시겠어 (assertive informal)
꿇으시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
꿇으시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
꿇으셔 (causative formal)
꿇으셔서 (causative informal)
꿇으시니 (causative informal polite)
꿇으시니까 (causative formal polite)
꿇으시지만 (contrastive formal)
꿇으시는데 (contrastive informal)
꿇으시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
꿇으시고 (conjunctive formal)
꿇으시면 (conditional formal)
꿇으셔야 (conditional informal)
꿇으시려고 (formal motive-form)
꿇으심 (formal noun-from-verb)
꿇으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
꿇으셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
꿇으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
꿇으신 (determiner formal past)
꿇으시는 (determiner formal present)
꿇으실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᅮᆯ〮다〮 (Yale: skwúl-tá).

ko-etym-native

무릎을 꿇다


길

future determiner of 길다 (gilda, “(of hair) to grow long”)


길

future determiner of 기다 (gida, “to crawl”)


개

An infinitive form of 개다 (gaeda, “to clear”)

An infinitive form of 개다 (gaeda, “to fold”)

An infinitive form of 개다 (gaeda, “to knead”)


말하다

ko-verb

말하다 • (malhada) (infinitive 말해 or 말하여, sequential 말하니)

malhada (romanization)
말해 (infinitive)
말하여 (infinitive)
말하니 (sequential)
말한다 (formal indicative non-past)
말해 (indicative informal non-past)
말해요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
말합니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
말했다 (formal indicative past)
말했어 (indicative informal past)
말했어요 (indicative informal past polite)
말했습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
말하느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
말해 (informal interrogative non-past)
말해요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
말합니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
말했느냐 (formal interrogative past)
말했어 (informal interrogative past)
말했어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
말했습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
말하자 (formal hortative)
말해 (hortative informal)
말해요 (hortative informal polite)
말하십시다 (formal hortative polite)
말해라 (formal imperative)
말하여라 (formal imperative)
말해 (imperative informal)
말해요 (imperative informal polite)
말합시오 (formal imperative polite)
말하겠다 (assertive formal)
말하겠어 (assertive informal)
말하겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
말하겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
말해 (causative formal)
말해서 (causative informal)
말하여서 (causative informal)
말하니 (causative informal polite)
말하니까 (causative formal polite)
말하지만 (contrastive formal)
말하는데 (contrastive informal)
말하더니 (contrastive informal polite)
말하고 (conjunctive formal)
말하면 (conditional formal)
말해야 (conditional informal)
말하여야 (conditional informal)
말하려고 (formal motive-form)
말함 (formal noun-from-verb)
말하기 (informal noun-from-verb)
말했음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
말하였음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
말했기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
말하였기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
말한 (determiner formal past)
말하는 (determiner formal present)
말할 (determiner formal future)
말하신다 (formal indicative non-past)
말하셔 (indicative informal non-past)
말하세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
말하셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
말하십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
말하셨다 (formal indicative past)
말하셨어 (indicative informal past)
말하셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
말하셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
말하시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
말하셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
말하세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
말하셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
말하십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
말하셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
말하셨어 (informal interrogative past)
말하셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
말하셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
말하시라 (formal imperative)
말하셔 (imperative informal)
말하세요 (imperative informal polite)
말하십시오 (formal imperative polite)
말하시겠다 (assertive formal)
말하시겠어 (assertive informal)
말하시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
말하시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
말하셔 (causative formal)
말하셔서 (causative informal)
말하시니 (causative informal polite)
말하시니까 (causative formal polite)
말하시지만 (contrastive formal)
말하시는데 (contrastive informal)
말하시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
말하시고 (conjunctive formal)
말하시면 (conditional formal)
말하셔야 (conditional informal)
말하시려고 (formal motive-form)
말하심 (formal noun-from-verb)
말하시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
말하셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
말하셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
말하신 (determiner formal past)
말하시는 (determiner formal present)
말하실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 말〯ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: mǎl-hòtá), equivalent to modern 말 (mal, “word”) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).

af

한국어로 말하자!

날 사랑한다고 말해줘.

네가 여기 있다고 그녀에게 말해.

Ne-ga yeogi it-dago geunyeo-ege mal-hae.

어제 일은 미안하다고 말하고 싶어요. — 괜찮아요. 아나.
Eoje ir-eun mian-ha-dago mal-hago sipeoyo. - Gwaenchanayo. Ana.
I want to say I’m sorry for yesterday. — It’s okay, Anna.
Original English texts from 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

2016, VOA Learning English, archived from the original on 2018-11-13:

이 상황을 어떻게 말해야지?

How do I explain this situation? (colloquial)

왕 씨는 그 지역이 어떻게 변화했는지에 대해서 말했다.

Wang ssi-neun geu jiyeog-i eotteoke byeonhwa-haen-neunji-e dae-haeseo mal-haetda.


먹다

ko-verb

먹다 • (meokda) (infinitive 먹어, sequential 먹으니)

meokda (romanization)
먹어 (infinitive)
먹으니 (sequential)
먹는다 (formal indicative non-past)
먹어 (indicative informal non-past)
먹어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
먹습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
먹었다 (formal indicative past)
먹었어 (indicative informal past)
먹었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
먹었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
먹느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
먹어 (informal interrogative non-past)
먹어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
먹습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
먹었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
먹었어 (informal interrogative past)
먹었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
먹었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
먹자 (formal hortative)
먹어 (hortative informal)
먹어요 (hortative informal polite)
먹으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
먹어라 (formal imperative)
먹어 (imperative informal)
먹어요 (imperative informal polite)
먹읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
먹겠다 (assertive formal)
먹겠어 (assertive informal)
먹겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
먹겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
먹어 (causative formal)
먹어서 (causative informal)
먹으니 (causative informal polite)
먹으니까 (causative formal polite)
먹지만 (contrastive formal)
먹는데 (contrastive informal)
먹더니 (contrastive informal polite)
먹고 (conjunctive formal)
먹으면 (conditional formal)
먹어야 (conditional informal)
먹으려고 (formal motive-form)
먹음 (formal noun-from-verb)
먹기 (informal noun-from-verb)
먹었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
먹었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
먹은 (determiner formal past)
먹는 (determiner formal present)
먹을 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 먹다〮 (Yale: mèk-tá).

ko-etym-native

밥을 먹다

아침은 먹었니?

술을 먹다

그 여자는 그 음식을 좀 먹었다. 그런데 모두 먹기에는 그렇게 배고프지 않았다. 그래서 나중에 다 먹으려고 냉장고에 그것을 넣어 두었다.

She ate some of the food, but was not hungry enough to eat it all, so she put the rest in the refrigerator to finish later.

Geu yeoja-neun geu eumsig-eul jom meogeotda. Geureonde modu meokgi-eneun geureoke baegopeuji anatda. Geuraeseo najung-e da meogeuryeogo naengjanggo-e geugeos-eul neo'eo dueotda.

to eat, drink, have, consume (food or liquid)

보기보다는 나이를 먹지 않다

나이 먹은 사람

어젯밤 여자친구를 먹었다.

(figuratively, slang, vulgar) to screw, fuck


오다

ko-verb

오다 • (oda) (infinitive 와, sequential 오니)

oda (romanization)
와 (infinitive)
오니 (sequential)
온다 (formal indicative non-past)
와 (indicative informal non-past)
와요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
옵니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
왔다 (formal indicative past)
왔어 (indicative informal past)
왔어요 (indicative informal past polite)
왔습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
오느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
와 (informal interrogative non-past)
와요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
옵니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
왔느냐 (formal interrogative past)
왔어 (informal interrogative past)
왔어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
왔습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
오자 (formal hortative)
와 (hortative informal)
와요 (hortative informal polite)
오십시다 (formal hortative polite)
오너라 (formal imperative)
와라 (formal imperative)
와 (imperative informal)
와요 (imperative informal polite)
옵시오 (formal imperative polite)
오겠다 (assertive formal)
오겠어 (assertive informal)
오겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
오겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
와 (causative formal)
와서 (causative informal)
오니 (causative informal polite)
오니까 (causative formal polite)
오지만 (contrastive formal)
오는데 (contrastive informal)
오더니 (contrastive informal polite)
오고 (conjunctive formal)
오면 (conditional formal)
와야 (conditional informal)
오려고 (formal motive-form)
옴 (formal noun-from-verb)
오기 (informal noun-from-verb)
왔음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
왔기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
온 (determiner formal past)
오는 (determiner formal present)
올 (determiner formal future)
오신다 (formal indicative non-past)
오셔 (indicative informal non-past)
오세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
오셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
오십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
오셨다 (formal indicative past)
오셨어 (indicative informal past)
오셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
오셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
오시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
오셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
오세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
오셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
오십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
오셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
오셨어 (informal interrogative past)
오셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
오셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
오시라 (formal imperative)
오셔 (imperative informal)
오세요 (imperative informal polite)
오십시오 (formal imperative polite)
오시겠다 (assertive formal)
오시겠어 (assertive informal)
오시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
오시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
오셔 (causative formal)
오셔서 (causative informal)
오시니 (causative informal polite)
오시니까 (causative formal polite)
오시지만 (contrastive formal)
오시는데 (contrastive informal)
오시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
오시고 (conjunctive formal)
오시면 (conditional formal)
오셔야 (conditional informal)
오시려고 (formal motive-form)
오심 (formal noun-from-verb)
오시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
오셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
오셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
오신 (determiner formal past)
오시는 (determiner formal present)
오실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 烏 (Yale: wo-), perhaps from earlier <*wòn->.
In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 오다〮 (Yale: wò-tá).
Etymological details
There is strong evidence that at some ancient stage, the root of the verb was <*wòn-> with a final nasal (cf. Vovin 2007, pp. 27—28). Consider:
* The irregular Middle Korean imperative 오〮나라〮 (Yale: wónàlá, “come!”) is traditionally analyzed as involving a suffix 나〮 (Yale: -ná-) which appears solely with this verb. But this conjugation would be regular if <*wòn-> was the root, with the conjugation simply involving the suffix 아〮 (Yale: -á-) attested for other verbs.
* The possibly dialectal Middle Korean form 오〮나도〮 (Yale: wónàtwó, “even if he comes”) is attested once, instead of expected 오〮아도〮 (Yale: wóàtwó, “even if he comes”). This is again regular if <*wòn-> was the original root.
* In western Chungcheong dialect, the infinitive form of 오다 (oda) is 오느 (oneu), 오노 (ono), 오누 (onu), or 오나 (ona), instead of expected 와 (wa).
* In Jeju, the traditional infinitive form of 오다 (oda) is 오란 (oran) instead of expected *완 (*wan), which may involve conflation of final *-n with *-l.

ko-etym-native

파티에 와줘서 고마워.

어떻게 오셨어요?

여기로 오는 사람들

오기를 잘했다

made the right choice in coming; glad that one came

비가 온다.

It's raining. (literally, “Rain comes.”)

오랫동안 인도에 살아왔다.

(auxiliary, with 어) Marks a continuous action that stretches from the past into the present.


전

Past determiner of 절다 (jeolda, “to become salted”).


잘

future determiner of 자다 (jada, “to sleep”)

future determiner of 잘다 (jalda, “to be small”)


사랑하다

ko-verb

사랑하다 • (saranghada) (infinitive 사랑해 or 사랑하여, sequential 사랑하니)

saranghada (romanization)
사랑해 (infinitive)
사랑하여 (infinitive)
사랑하니 (sequential)
사랑한다 (formal indicative non-past)
사랑해 (indicative informal non-past)
사랑해요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
사랑합니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
사랑했다 (formal indicative past)
사랑했어 (indicative informal past)
사랑했어요 (indicative informal past polite)
사랑했습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
사랑하느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
사랑해 (informal interrogative non-past)
사랑해요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
사랑합니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
사랑했느냐 (formal interrogative past)
사랑했어 (informal interrogative past)
사랑했어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
사랑했습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
사랑하자 (formal hortative)
사랑해 (hortative informal)
사랑해요 (hortative informal polite)
사랑하십시다 (formal hortative polite)
사랑해라 (formal imperative)
사랑하여라 (formal imperative)
사랑해 (imperative informal)
사랑해요 (imperative informal polite)
사랑합시오 (formal imperative polite)
사랑하겠다 (assertive formal)
사랑하겠어 (assertive informal)
사랑하겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
사랑하겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
사랑해 (causative formal)
사랑해서 (causative informal)
사랑하여서 (causative informal)
사랑하니 (causative informal polite)
사랑하니까 (causative formal polite)
사랑하지만 (contrastive formal)
사랑하는데 (contrastive informal)
사랑하더니 (contrastive informal polite)
사랑하고 (conjunctive formal)
사랑하면 (conditional formal)
사랑해야 (conditional informal)
사랑하여야 (conditional informal)
사랑하려고 (formal motive-form)
사랑함 (formal noun-from-verb)
사랑하기 (informal noun-from-verb)
사랑했음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
사랑하였음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
사랑했기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
사랑하였기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
사랑한 (determiner formal past)
사랑하는 (determiner formal present)
사랑할 (determiner formal future)
사랑하신다 (formal indicative non-past)
사랑하셔 (indicative informal non-past)
사랑하세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
사랑하셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
사랑하십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
사랑하셨다 (formal indicative past)
사랑하셨어 (indicative informal past)
사랑하셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
사랑하셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
사랑하시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
사랑하셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
사랑하세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
사랑하셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
사랑하십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
사랑하셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
사랑하셨어 (informal interrogative past)
사랑하셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
사랑하셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
사랑하시라 (formal imperative)
사랑하셔 (imperative informal)
사랑하세요 (imperative informal polite)
사랑하십시오 (formal imperative polite)
사랑하시겠다 (assertive formal)
사랑하시겠어 (assertive informal)
사랑하시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
사랑하시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
사랑하셔 (causative formal)
사랑하셔서 (causative informal)
사랑하시니 (causative informal polite)
사랑하시니까 (causative formal polite)
사랑하시지만 (contrastive formal)
사랑하시는데 (contrastive informal)
사랑하시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
사랑하시고 (conjunctive formal)
사랑하시면 (conditional formal)
사랑하셔야 (conditional informal)
사랑하시려고 (formal motive-form)
사랑하심 (formal noun-from-verb)
사랑하시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
사랑하셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
사랑하셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
사랑하신 (determiner formal past)
사랑하시는 (determiner formal present)
사랑하실 (determiner formal future)

[sʰa̠ɾa̠ŋɦa̠da̠]

From 사랑 (sarang) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs). First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ라ᇰᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: sòlàng-hòtá).

ko-etym-native

사랑해

죽는 날까지 당신만을 사랑할 거예요.

I will love only you until the day I die.

Jungneun nal-kkaji dangsin-man-eul saranghal geoyeyo.


되다

ko-verb

되다 • (doeda) (infinitive 돼 or 되어, sequential 되니)

doeda (romanization)
돼 (infinitive)
되어 (infinitive)
되니 (sequential)
된다 (formal indicative non-past)
돼 (indicative informal non-past)
돼요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
되어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
됩니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
됐다 (formal indicative past)
됐어 (indicative informal past)
됐어요 (indicative informal past polite)
됐습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
되느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
돼 (informal interrogative non-past)
돼요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
되어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
됩니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
됐느냐 (formal interrogative past)
됐어 (informal interrogative past)
됐어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
됐습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
되자 (formal hortative)
돼 (hortative informal)
돼요 (hortative informal polite)
되어요 (hortative informal polite)
되십시다 (formal hortative polite)
돼라 (formal imperative)
되어라 (formal imperative)
돼 (imperative informal)
돼요 (imperative informal polite)
되어요 (imperative informal polite)
됩시오 (formal imperative polite)
되겠다 (assertive formal)
되겠어 (assertive informal)
되겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
되겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
돼 (causative formal)
돼서 (causative informal)
되어서 (causative informal)
되니 (causative informal polite)
되니까 (causative formal polite)
되지만 (contrastive formal)
되는데 (contrastive informal)
되더니 (contrastive informal polite)
되고 (conjunctive formal)
되면 (conditional formal)
돼야 (conditional informal)
되어야 (conditional informal)
되려고 (formal motive-form)
됨 (formal noun-from-verb)
되기 (informal noun-from-verb)
됐음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
되었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
됐기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
되었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
된 (determiner formal past)
되는 (determiner formal present)
될 (determiner formal future)
되신다 (formal indicative non-past)
되셔 (indicative informal non-past)
되세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
되셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
되십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
되셨다 (formal indicative past)
되셨어 (indicative informal past)
되셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
되셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
되시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
되셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
되세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
되셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
되십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
되셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
되셨어 (informal interrogative past)
되셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
되셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
되시라 (formal imperative)
되셔 (imperative informal)
되세요 (imperative informal polite)
되십시오 (formal imperative polite)
되시겠다 (assertive formal)
되시겠어 (assertive informal)
되시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
되시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
되셔 (causative formal)
되셔서 (causative informal)
되시니 (causative informal polite)
되시니까 (causative formal polite)
되시지만 (contrastive formal)
되시는데 (contrastive informal)
되시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
되시고 (conjunctive formal)
되시면 (conditional formal)
되셔야 (conditional informal)
되시려고 (formal motive-form)
되심 (formal noun-from-verb)
되시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
되셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
되셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
되신 (determiner formal past)
되시는 (determiner formal present)
되실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum eonhae (訓民正音諺解本 / 훈민정음언해본), 1446, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞ외다〮 (Yale: tòwòytá). Also attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞᄫᆡ다〮 (Yale: tòWòytá).
Cognate with Jeju 뒈다 (dweda).

ko-etym-native

왕이 되다

씨가 나무가 되다

약속한 시간이 되었다.

질문 해도 돼요?

(auxiliary, after the 어/아 (-eo/-a) infinitive) to be permissible; to be OK; may

Coordinate term: 하다 (hada, for active verbs)

과장(誇張) (gwajang, “exaggeration”) + 되다 (doeda) → 과장되다 (gwajangdoeda, “to be exaggerated”)

납치(拉致) (napchi, “kidnapping”) + 되다 (doeda) → 납치되다 (napchidoeda, “to be kidnapped”)

언론에서 사건이 지나치게 과장이 되었습니다.

The incident has been excessively exaggerated in the media.

Eollon-eseo sageon-i jinachige gwajang-i doeeotseumnida.

납치는 되었으나 살해되지는 않았습니다.

He has been kidnapped, but not murdered.

Napchi-neun doeeosseuna salhae-doeji-neun anatseumnida.

to be... -ed; follows nouns and nominals to form passive verbs. The noun functions as the 이 (-i) / 가 (-ga)-complement of the verb. When there is no particle in between, the construction is written without spaces.

속(俗) (sok, “being secular; being vulgar”) + 되다 (doeda) → 속되다 (sokdoeda, “to be vulgar”)


되다

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 되〮다〮 (Yale: twóytá).
Cognate with Jeju 뒈다 (dweda).

쌀을 되로 되다

(transitive, dated, used with 을 (-eul) and 으로 (-euro)) to measure the amount of powder, grains, liquids, etc., using measurements such as 말 (mal), 되 (doe), and 홉 (hop)


있다

ko-verb

있다 • (itda) (infinitive 있어, sequential 있으니)

itda (romanization)
있어 (infinitive)
있으니 (sequential)
있는다 (formal indicative non-past)
있어 (indicative informal non-past)
있어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
있습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
있었다 (formal indicative past)
있었어 (indicative informal past)
있었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
있었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
있느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
있어 (informal interrogative non-past)
있어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
있습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
있었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
있었어 (informal interrogative past)
있었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
있었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
있자 (formal hortative)
있어 (hortative informal)
있어요 (hortative informal polite)
있으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
있어라 (formal imperative)
있어 (imperative informal)
있어요 (imperative informal polite)
있읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
있겠다 (assertive formal)
있겠어 (assertive informal)
있겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
있겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
있어 (causative formal)
있어서 (causative informal)
있으니 (causative informal polite)
있으니까 (causative formal polite)
있지만 (contrastive formal)
있는데 (contrastive informal)
있더니 (contrastive informal polite)
있고 (conjunctive formal)
있으면 (conditional formal)
있어야 (conditional informal)
있으려고 (formal motive-form)
있음 (formal noun-from-verb)
있기 (informal noun-from-verb)
있었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
있었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
있은 (determiner formal past)
있는 (determiner formal present)
있을 (determiner formal future)

From Middle Korean 잇다 (ista), from Old Korean 有叱 (*Is-). Related to the past tense marker 었 (-eot). Cognate with Jeju 잇다 (itda), 이시다 (isida), 싯다 (sitda).

저는 이 회사에 있은 지 벌써 이십삼 년이 돼 버렸어요.

I've been working at this company for 23 years already.

Jeo-neun i hoesa-e isseun ji beolsseo isipsam nyeon-i dwae beoryeosseoyo.

to stay, remain in a location
to keep working for a company

가만히 있다

(used with an adverb) to stay in a certain state

to stay, remain in a location
to stay in a certain state

어디 가지 말고, 여기 있어라!

할머니께서는 시장 다녀오실 테니 집에 있으라고 하셨어.

Grandmother said to stay at home because she's going to go to the market.

Halmeoni-kkeseoneun sijang danyeoosil teni jib-e isseurago hasyeosseo.

이제 가도 돼요?
아니요, 좀 있다가 오세요.
Ije gado dwaeyo?
Aniyo, jom itdaga oseyo.
Should I come now?
No, come in a little bit.
(literally, “Is it okay for me to go now?
No, (let) some time go by and then come.”)

죽어 있다

모여 있다

(auxiliary, after the 어/아 (-eo/a) infinitive) to be (in a state)

죽고 있다

모이고 있다

(auxiliary, after the 고 (-go) connective) to be in the process of

오늘은 아주 예쁜 옷을 입고 있네요!

You're wearing really pretty clothes today!

Oneur-eun aju yeppeun oseul ipgo inneyo!

아침에 좀 이상한 구두를 신고 있는 걸 보니 좋은 구두는 잃어버렸나 보구나.

In the morning I saw them wearing weird dress shoes, so they must've lost their good ones.

Achim-e jom isanghan gudu-reul sin'go inneun geol boni jo'eun gudu-neun ireobeoryeonna boguna.

(auxiliary, after the 고 (-go) connective) to maintain in the result of


나누다

나누다 • (nanuda) (infinitive 나누어 or 나눠, sequential 나누니)

nanuda (romanization)
나누어 (infinitive)
나눠 (infinitive)
나누니 (sequential)
나눈다 (formal indicative non-past)
나누어 (indicative informal non-past)
나누어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나눠요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나눕니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
나누었다 (formal indicative past)
나누었어 (indicative informal past)
나누었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
나누었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나누느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
나누어 (informal interrogative non-past)
나누어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나눠요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나눕니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
나누었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
나누었어 (informal interrogative past)
나누었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
나누었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
나누자 (formal hortative)
나누어 (hortative informal)
나누어요 (hortative informal polite)
나눠요 (hortative informal polite)
나누십시다 (formal hortative polite)
나누어라 (formal imperative)
나눠라 (formal imperative)
나누어 (imperative informal)
나누어요 (imperative informal polite)
나눠요 (imperative informal polite)
나눕시오 (formal imperative polite)
나누겠다 (assertive formal)
나누겠어 (assertive informal)
나누겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
나누겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
나누어 (causative formal)
나누어서 (causative informal)
나눠서 (causative informal)
나누니 (causative informal polite)
나누니까 (causative formal polite)
나누지만 (contrastive formal)
나누는데 (contrastive informal)
나누더니 (contrastive informal polite)
나누고 (conjunctive formal)
나누면 (conditional formal)
나누어야 (conditional informal)
나눠야 (conditional informal)
나누려고 (formal motive-form)
나눔 (formal noun-from-verb)
나누기 (informal noun-from-verb)
나누었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나눴음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나누었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나눴기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나눈 (determiner formal past)
나누는 (determiner formal present)
나눌 (determiner formal future)
나누신다 (formal indicative non-past)
나누셔 (indicative informal non-past)
나누세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나누셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나누십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
나누셨다 (formal indicative past)
나누셨어 (indicative informal past)
나누셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
나누셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나누시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
나누셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
나누세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나누셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나누십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
나누셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
나누셨어 (informal interrogative past)
나누셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
나누셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
나누시라 (formal imperative)
나누셔 (imperative informal)
나누세요 (imperative informal polite)
나누십시오 (formal imperative polite)
나누시겠다 (assertive formal)
나누시겠어 (assertive informal)
나누시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
나누시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
나누셔 (causative formal)
나누셔서 (causative informal)
나누시니 (causative informal polite)
나누시니까 (causative formal polite)
나누시지만 (contrastive formal)
나누시는데 (contrastive informal)
나누시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
나누시고 (conjunctive formal)
나누시면 (conditional formal)
나누셔야 (conditional informal)
나누시려고 (formal motive-form)
나누심 (formal noun-from-verb)
나누시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
나누셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나누셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나누신 (determiner formal past)
나누시는 (determiner formal present)
나누실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆫ호〮다〮 (Yale: nònhwó-tá).

ko-etym-native

빵을 두 동강으로 나누다

술을 한 잔 나누다

이야기를 즐겁게 나누다


만들다

ko-verb

만들다 • (mandeulda) (infinitive 만들어, sequential 만드니)

mandeulda (romanization)
만들어 (infinitive)
만드니 (sequential)
만든다 (formal indicative non-past)
만들어 (indicative informal non-past)
만들어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
만듭니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
만들었다 (formal indicative past)
만들었어 (indicative informal past)
만들었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
만들었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
만드느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
만들어 (informal interrogative non-past)
만들어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
만듭니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
만들었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
만들었어 (informal interrogative past)
만들었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
만들었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
만들자 (formal hortative)
만들어 (hortative informal)
만들어요 (hortative informal polite)
만드십시다 (formal hortative polite)
만들어라 (formal imperative)
만들어 (imperative informal)
만들어요 (imperative informal polite)
만듭시오 (formal imperative polite)
만들겠다 (assertive formal)
만들겠어 (assertive informal)
만들겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
만들겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
만들어 (causative formal)
만들어서 (causative informal)
만드니 (causative informal polite)
만드니까 (causative formal polite)
만들지만 (contrastive formal)
만드는데 (contrastive informal)
만들더니 (contrastive informal polite)
만들고 (conjunctive formal)
만들면 (conditional formal)
만들어야 (conditional informal)
만들려고 (formal motive-form)
만듦 (formal noun-from-verb)
만들기 (informal noun-from-verb)
만들었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
만들었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
만든 (determiner formal past)
만드는 (determiner formal present)
만들 (determiner formal future)
만드신다 (formal indicative non-past)
만드셔 (indicative informal non-past)
만드세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
만드셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
만드십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
만드셨다 (formal indicative past)
만드셨어 (indicative informal past)
만드셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
만드셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
만드시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
만드셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
만드세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
만드셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
만드십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
만드셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
만드셨어 (informal interrogative past)
만드셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
만드셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
만드시라 (formal imperative)
만드셔 (imperative informal)
만드세요 (imperative informal polite)
만드십시오 (formal imperative polite)
만드시겠다 (assertive formal)
만드시겠어 (assertive informal)
만드시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
만드시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
만드셔 (causative formal)
만드셔서 (causative informal)
만드시니 (causative informal polite)
만드시니까 (causative formal polite)
만드시지만 (contrastive formal)
만드시는데 (contrastive informal)
만드시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
만드시고 (conjunctive formal)
만드시면 (conditional formal)
만드셔야 (conditional informal)
만드시려고 (formal motive-form)
만드심 (formal noun-from-verb)
만드시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
만드셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
만드셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
만드신 (determiner formal past)
만드시는 (determiner formal present)
만드실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Beonyeok sohak (飜譯小學 / 번역소학), 1517, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆫᄃᆞᆯ다 (Yale: montolta), although a derived form is attested earlier from the 1460s. Related to synonymous Middle Korean ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞᆯ다 (Yale: mòyngkóltá, “to make”), of which direct reflexes survive in many non-Seoul dialects as 맹글다 (maenggeulda).

마니다

(obsolete) to handle, manipulate, manage

종이 비행기를 만들다

친구를 만들다

시대에 맞는 헌법을 만들다

to establish a constitution suited to the times


속다

ko-verb

속다 • (sokda) (infinitive 속아, sequential 속으니)

sokda (romanization)
속아 (infinitive)
속으니 (sequential)
속는다 (formal indicative non-past)
속아 (indicative informal non-past)
속아요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
속습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
속았다 (formal indicative past)
속았어 (indicative informal past)
속았어요 (indicative informal past polite)
속았습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
속느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
속아 (informal interrogative non-past)
속아요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
속습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
속았느냐 (formal interrogative past)
속았어 (informal interrogative past)
속았어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
속았습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
속자 (formal hortative)
속아 (hortative informal)
속아요 (hortative informal polite)
속으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
속아라 (formal imperative)
속아 (imperative informal)
속아요 (imperative informal polite)
속읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
속겠다 (assertive formal)
속겠어 (assertive informal)
속겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
속겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
속아 (causative formal)
속아서 (causative informal)
속으니 (causative informal polite)
속으니까 (causative formal polite)
속지만 (contrastive formal)
속는데 (contrastive informal)
속더니 (contrastive informal polite)
속고 (conjunctive formal)
속으면 (conditional formal)
속아야 (conditional informal)
속으려고 (formal motive-form)
속음 (formal noun-from-verb)
속기 (informal noun-from-verb)
속았음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
속았기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
속은 (determiner formal past)
속는 (determiner formal present)
속을 (determiner formal future)
속으신다 (formal indicative non-past)
속으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
속으세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
속으셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
속으십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
속으셨다 (formal indicative past)
속으셨어 (indicative informal past)
속으셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
속으셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
속으시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
속으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
속으세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
속으셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
속으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
속으셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
속으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
속으셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
속으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
속으시라 (formal imperative)
속으셔 (imperative informal)
속으세요 (imperative informal polite)
속으십시오 (formal imperative polite)
속으시겠다 (assertive formal)
속으시겠어 (assertive informal)
속으시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
속으시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
속으셔 (causative formal)
속으셔서 (causative informal)
속으시니 (causative informal polite)
속으시니까 (causative formal polite)
속으시지만 (contrastive formal)
속으시는데 (contrastive informal)
속으시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
속으시고 (conjunctive formal)
속으시면 (conditional formal)
속으셔야 (conditional informal)
속으시려고 (formal motive-form)
속으심 (formal noun-from-verb)
속으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
속으셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
속으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
속으신 (determiner formal past)
속으시는 (determiner formal present)
속으실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 속다 (Yale: swok.ta).

ko-etym-native

사기꾼이 하는 말에 속다.

to be deceived by the words of a swindler


모르다

ko-verb

모르다 • (moreuda) (infinitive 몰라, sequential 모르니)

moreuda (romanization)
몰라 (infinitive)
모르니 (sequential)
모른다 (formal indicative non-past)
몰라 (indicative informal non-past)
몰라요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
모릅니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
몰랐다 (formal indicative past)
몰랐어 (indicative informal past)
몰랐어요 (indicative informal past polite)
몰랐습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
모르느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
몰라 (informal interrogative non-past)
몰라요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
모릅니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
몰랐느냐 (formal interrogative past)
몰랐어 (informal interrogative past)
몰랐어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
몰랐습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
모르자 (formal hortative)
몰라 (hortative informal)
몰라요 (hortative informal polite)
모르십시다 (formal hortative polite)
모르겠다 (assertive formal)
모르겠어 (assertive informal)
모르겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
모르겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
몰라 (causative formal)
몰라서 (causative informal)
모르니 (causative informal polite)
모르니까 (causative formal polite)
모르지만 (contrastive formal)
모르는데 (contrastive informal)
모르더니 (contrastive informal polite)
모르고 (conjunctive formal)
모르면 (conditional formal)
몰라야 (conditional informal)
모르려고 (formal motive-form)
모름 (formal noun-from-verb)
모르기 (informal noun-from-verb)
몰랐음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
몰랐기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
모른 (determiner formal past)
모르는 (determiner formal present)
모를 (determiner formal future)
모르신다 (formal indicative non-past)
모르셔 (indicative informal non-past)
모르세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
모르셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
모르십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
모르셨다 (formal indicative past)
모르셨어 (indicative informal past)
모르셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
모르셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
모르시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
모르셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
모르세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
모르셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
모르십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
모르셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
모르셨어 (informal interrogative past)
모르셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
모르셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
모르시겠다 (assertive formal)
모르시겠어 (assertive informal)
모르시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
모르시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
모르셔 (causative formal)
모르셔서 (causative informal)
모르시니 (causative informal polite)
모르시니까 (causative formal polite)
모르시지만 (contrastive formal)
모르시는데 (contrastive informal)
모르시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
모르시고 (conjunctive formal)
모르시면 (conditional formal)
모르셔야 (conditional informal)
모르시려고 (formal motive-form)
모르심 (formal noun-from-verb)
모르시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
모르셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
모르셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
모르신 (determiner formal past)
모르시는 (determiner formal present)
모르실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 모ᄅᆞ〮다〮 (Yale: mwòló-tá), very likely originally a contraction equivalent to modern 못 (mot, “cannot”) + 알다 (alda, “to know”), with intervocalic lenition of */t/ to [ɾ] during the transition from Old to Middle Korean. Compare Old Korean 毛冬 (*mwotol, “cannot”).
The original adverb resurfaces in the long negation 알지 못하다 (al-ji mothada, “to not know”).

ko-etym-native

나는 걔 이름을 몰라.

우리 어디 가고 있는지 모르겠어.

(transitive) to not know, to be ignorant of

아직 살아 있을지도 모른다.

(after 는지, 던지, 을지, often with 도) to be possibly so

얼마나 추운지 몰라.
Eolmana chuunji molla.
It's so cold.

literally, “I don't know how cold it is.”

어찌 슬펐는지 몰라.
Eojji seulpeonneunji molla.
I was so sad.

literally, “I don't know how sad I was.”

(after 는지, 던지, 을지) Used with 얼마나, 어찌, etc., for emphasis.

죽어도 난 몰라.
Jug-eodo nan molla.
I don't care if you die.

literally, “I don't know even if you die.”


걸다

ko-verb

걸다 • (geolda) (infinitive 걸어, sequential 거니)

geolda (romanization)
걸어 (infinitive)
거니 (sequential)
건다 (formal indicative non-past)
걸어 (indicative informal non-past)
걸어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
겁니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
걸었다 (formal indicative past)
걸었어 (indicative informal past)
걸었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
걸었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
거느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
걸어 (informal interrogative non-past)
걸어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
겁니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
걸었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
걸었어 (informal interrogative past)
걸었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
걸었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
걸자 (formal hortative)
걸어 (hortative informal)
걸어요 (hortative informal polite)
거십시다 (formal hortative polite)
걸어라 (formal imperative)
걸어 (imperative informal)
걸어요 (imperative informal polite)
겁시오 (formal imperative polite)
걸겠다 (assertive formal)
걸겠어 (assertive informal)
걸겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
걸겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
걸어 (causative formal)
걸어서 (causative informal)
거니 (causative informal polite)
거니까 (causative formal polite)
걸지만 (contrastive formal)
거는데 (contrastive informal)
걸더니 (contrastive informal polite)
걸고 (conjunctive formal)
걸면 (conditional formal)
걸어야 (conditional informal)
걸려고 (formal motive-form)
걺 (formal noun-from-verb)
걸기 (informal noun-from-verb)
걸었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
걸었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
건 (determiner formal past)
거는 (determiner formal present)
걸 (determiner formal future)
거신다 (formal indicative non-past)
거셔 (indicative informal non-past)
거세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
거셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
거십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
거셨다 (formal indicative past)
거셨어 (indicative informal past)
거셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
거셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
거시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
거셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
거세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
거셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
거십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
거셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
거셨어 (informal interrogative past)
거셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
거셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
거시라 (formal imperative)
거셔 (imperative informal)
거세요 (imperative informal polite)
거십시오 (formal imperative polite)
거시겠다 (assertive formal)
거시겠어 (assertive informal)
거시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
거시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
거셔 (causative formal)
거셔서 (causative informal)
거시니 (causative informal polite)
거시니까 (causative formal polite)
거시지만 (contrastive formal)
거시는데 (contrastive informal)
거시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
거시고 (conjunctive formal)
거시면 (conditional formal)
거셔야 (conditional informal)
거시려고 (formal motive-form)
거심 (formal noun-from-verb)
거시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
거셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
거셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
거신 (determiner formal past)
거시는 (determiner formal present)
거실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 걸〯다〮 (Yale: kěl-tá).

ko-etym-native

전화를 걸다

거울을 벽에 걸다


가다

ko-verb

가다 • (gada) (infinitive 가, sequential 가니)

gada (romanization)
가 (infinitive)
가니 (sequential)
간다 (formal indicative non-past)
가 (indicative informal non-past)
가요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
갑니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
갔다 (formal indicative past)
갔어 (indicative informal past)
갔어요 (indicative informal past polite)
갔습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
가느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
가 (informal interrogative non-past)
가요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
갑니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
갔느냐 (formal interrogative past)
갔어 (informal interrogative past)
갔어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
갔습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
가자 (formal hortative)
가 (hortative informal)
가요 (hortative informal polite)
가십시다 (formal hortative polite)
가거라 (formal imperative)
가라 (formal imperative)
가 (imperative informal)
가요 (imperative informal polite)
갑시오 (formal imperative polite)
가겠다 (assertive formal)
가겠어 (assertive informal)
가겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
가겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
가 (causative formal)
가서 (causative informal)
가니 (causative informal polite)
가니까 (causative formal polite)
가지만 (contrastive formal)
가는데 (contrastive informal)
가더니 (contrastive informal polite)
가고 (conjunctive formal)
가면 (conditional formal)
가야 (conditional informal)
가려고 (formal motive-form)
감 (formal noun-from-verb)
가기 (informal noun-from-verb)
갔음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
갔기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
간 (determiner formal past)
가는 (determiner formal present)
갈 (determiner formal future)
가신다 (formal indicative non-past)
가셔 (indicative informal non-past)
가세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
가셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
가십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
가셨다 (formal indicative past)
가셨어 (indicative informal past)
가셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
가셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
가시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
가셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
가세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
가셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
가십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
가셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
가셨어 (informal interrogative past)
가셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
가셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
가시라 (formal imperative)
가셔 (imperative informal)
가세요 (imperative informal polite)
가십시오 (formal imperative polite)
가시겠다 (assertive formal)
가시겠어 (assertive informal)
가시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
가시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
가셔 (causative formal)
가셔서 (causative informal)
가시니 (causative informal polite)
가시니까 (causative formal polite)
가시지만 (contrastive formal)
가시는데 (contrastive informal)
가시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
가시고 (conjunctive formal)
가시면 (conditional formal)
가셔야 (conditional informal)
가시려고 (formal motive-form)
가심 (formal noun-from-verb)
가시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
가셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
가셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
가신 (determiner formal past)
가시는 (determiner formal present)
가실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 가다〮 (Yale: kàtá).

ko-etym-native

가자! ― Gaja! ― Let's go!
Audio (South Korea): (file)

서울에 가요. ― Seour-e gayo. ― I'm going to Seoul.
Audio (South Korea): (file)

대화가 산으로 간다.
Daehwa-ga saneuro ganda.
The conversation is going nowhere.

literally, “The conversation is going to the mountains.”

그들은 개관식에 참석하러 베이징으로 갔다. (formal)
Geudeur-eun gaegwansig-e chamseokhareo Beijing-euro gatda.
They went to Beijing for the opening.
Audio (South Korea): (file)

다 먹어간다.

땅거미가 찾아오고 석양은 또 저물어 간다.

Dusk has found its way, and the evening sun is setting again [and will continue to do so].

Ttanggeomi-ga chajaogo seogyang-eun tto jeomureo ganda.

(auxiliary, with 어) Marks a continuous action that either stretches from the present into the future, or involves physical movement away from the speaker.

금이 간 유리

올해도 또 다 갔다.

사흘도 못 간 결심

a determination that did not last even three days

(colloquial) to be knocked out (e.g. by a blow, by alcohol, etc.)

짐작이 가.

관심이 가.

인정은 못하겠는데 이해는 가.

I might not be able to accept it, but I understand.

Injeong-eun mothagenneunde ihae-neun ga.

Used as the verbal element for nouns related to understanding or interest.

(euphemistic but not honorific) to pass away


그릇되다

ko-verb

그릇되다 • (geureutdoeda) (infinitive 그릇돼 or 그릇되어, sequential 그릇되니)

geureutdoeda (romanization)
그릇돼 (infinitive)
그릇되어 (infinitive)
그릇되니 (sequential)
그릇된다 (formal indicative non-past)
그릇돼 (indicative informal non-past)
그릇돼요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
그릇되어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
그릇됩니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
그릇됐다 (formal indicative past)
그릇됐어 (indicative informal past)
그릇됐어요 (indicative informal past polite)
그릇됐습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
그릇되느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
그릇돼 (informal interrogative non-past)
그릇돼요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
그릇되어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
그릇됩니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
그릇됐느냐 (formal interrogative past)
그릇됐어 (informal interrogative past)
그릇됐어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
그릇됐습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
그릇되자 (formal hortative)
그릇돼 (hortative informal)
그릇돼요 (hortative informal polite)
그릇되어요 (hortative informal polite)
그릇되십시다 (formal hortative polite)
그릇돼라 (formal imperative)
그릇되어라 (formal imperative)
그릇돼 (imperative informal)
그릇돼요 (imperative informal polite)
그릇되어요 (imperative informal polite)
그릇됩시오 (formal imperative polite)
그릇되겠다 (assertive formal)
그릇되겠어 (assertive informal)
그릇되겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
그릇되겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
그릇돼 (causative formal)
그릇돼서 (causative informal)
그릇되어서 (causative informal)
그릇되니 (causative informal polite)
그릇되니까 (causative formal polite)
그릇되지만 (contrastive formal)
그릇되는데 (contrastive informal)
그릇되더니 (contrastive informal polite)
그릇되고 (conjunctive formal)
그릇되면 (conditional formal)
그릇돼야 (conditional informal)
그릇되어야 (conditional informal)
그릇되려고 (formal motive-form)
그릇됨 (formal noun-from-verb)
그릇되기 (informal noun-from-verb)
그릇됐음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
그릇되었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
그릇됐기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
그릇되었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
그릇된 (determiner formal past)
그릇되는 (determiner formal present)
그릇될 (determiner formal future)
그릇되신다 (formal indicative non-past)
그릇되셔 (indicative informal non-past)
그릇되세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
그릇되셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
그릇되십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
그릇되셨다 (formal indicative past)
그릇되셨어 (indicative informal past)
그릇되셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
그릇되셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
그릇되시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
그릇되셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
그릇되세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
그릇되셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
그릇되십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
그릇되셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
그릇되셨어 (informal interrogative past)
그릇되셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
그릇되셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
그릇되시라 (formal imperative)
그릇되셔 (imperative informal)
그릇되세요 (imperative informal polite)
그릇되십시오 (formal imperative polite)
그릇되시겠다 (assertive formal)
그릇되시겠어 (assertive informal)
그릇되시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
그릇되시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
그릇되셔 (causative formal)
그릇되셔서 (causative informal)
그릇되시니 (causative informal polite)
그릇되시니까 (causative formal polite)
그릇되시지만 (contrastive formal)
그릇되시는데 (contrastive informal)
그릇되시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
그릇되시고 (conjunctive formal)
그릇되시면 (conditional formal)
그릇되셔야 (conditional informal)
그릇되시려고 (formal motive-form)
그릇되심 (formal noun-from-verb)
그릇되시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
그릇되셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
그릇되셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
그릇되신 (determiner formal past)
그릇되시는 (determiner formal present)
그릇되실 (determiner formal future)

[kɯɾɯt̚t͈ø̞da̠]

First attested in the Sinjeung yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576, as Middle Korean 그르되다 (Yale: kulu-twoyta), equivalent to 그릇 (geureut, “falsely, wrongly”) + 되다 (-doeda, “to become”, light verb deriving passive verbs).

af

남을 속이는 일은 그릇된 짓이다.

Nam-eul sogineun ir-eun geureut-doen jis-ida.

(intransitive) to become wrong (immoral); to become false; to become bad (a bad action, habit)


걷다

ko-verb

걷다 • (geotda) (irregular, infinitive 걸어, sequential 걸으니)

geotda (romanization)
걸어 (infinitive)
걸으니 (sequential)
걷는다 (formal indicative non-past)
걸어 (indicative informal non-past)
걸어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
걷습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
걸었다 (formal indicative past)
걸었어 (indicative informal past)
걸었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
걸었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
걷느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
걸어 (informal interrogative non-past)
걸어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
걷습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
걸었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
걸었어 (informal interrogative past)
걸었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
걸었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
걷자 (formal hortative)
걸어 (hortative informal)
걸어요 (hortative informal polite)
걸으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
걸어라 (formal imperative)
걸어 (imperative informal)
걸어요 (imperative informal polite)
걸읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
걷겠다 (assertive formal)
걷겠어 (assertive informal)
걷겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
걷겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
걸어 (causative formal)
걸어서 (causative informal)
걸으니 (causative informal polite)
걸으니까 (causative formal polite)
걷지만 (contrastive formal)
걷는데 (contrastive informal)
걷더니 (contrastive informal polite)
걷고 (conjunctive formal)
걸으면 (conditional formal)
걸어야 (conditional informal)
걸으려고 (formal motive-form)
걸음 (formal noun-from-verb)
걷기 (informal noun-from-verb)
걸었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
걸었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
걸은 (determiner formal past)
걷는 (determiner formal present)
걸을 (determiner formal future)
걸으신다 (formal indicative non-past)
걸으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
걸으세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
걸으셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
걸으십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
걸으셨다 (formal indicative past)
걸으셨어 (indicative informal past)
걸으셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
걸으셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
걸으시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
걸으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
걸으세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
걸으셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
걸으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
걸으셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
걸으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
걸으셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
걸으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
걸으시라 (formal imperative)
걸으셔 (imperative informal)
걸으세요 (imperative informal polite)
걸으십시오 (formal imperative polite)
걸으시겠다 (assertive formal)
걸으시겠어 (assertive informal)
걸으시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
걸으시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
걸으셔 (causative formal)
걸으셔서 (causative informal)
걸으시니 (causative informal polite)
걸으시니까 (causative formal polite)
걸으시지만 (contrastive formal)
걸으시는데 (contrastive informal)
걸으시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
걸으시고 (conjunctive formal)
걸으시면 (conditional formal)
걸으셔야 (conditional informal)
걸으시려고 (formal motive-form)
걸으심 (formal noun-from-verb)
걸으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
걸으셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
걸으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
걸으신 (determiner formal past)
걸으시는 (determiner formal present)
걸으실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 걷〯다〮 (Yale: kět.tá).

ko-etym-native

매일 30분씩 걷는 게 몸에 좋다.

Walking 30 minutes a day is good for your health.

Maeil 30bun-ssik geonneun ge mom-e jota.


걷다

ko-verb

걷다 • (geotda) (infinitive 걷어, sequential 걷으니)

geotda (romanization)
걷어 (infinitive)
걷으니 (sequential)
걷는다 (formal indicative non-past)
걷어 (indicative informal non-past)
걷어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
걷습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
걷었다 (formal indicative past)
걷었어 (indicative informal past)
걷었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
걷었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
걷느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
걷어 (informal interrogative non-past)
걷어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
걷습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
걷었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
걷었어 (informal interrogative past)
걷었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
걷었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
걷자 (formal hortative)
걷어 (hortative informal)
걷어요 (hortative informal polite)
걷으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
걷어라 (formal imperative)
걷어 (imperative informal)
걷어요 (imperative informal polite)
걷읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
걷겠다 (assertive formal)
걷겠어 (assertive informal)
걷겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
걷겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
걷어 (causative formal)
걷어서 (causative informal)
걷으니 (causative informal polite)
걷으니까 (causative formal polite)
걷지만 (contrastive formal)
걷는데 (contrastive informal)
걷더니 (contrastive informal polite)
걷고 (conjunctive formal)
걷으면 (conditional formal)
걷어야 (conditional informal)
걷으려고 (formal motive-form)
걷음 (formal noun-from-verb)
걷기 (informal noun-from-verb)
걷었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
걷었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
걷은 (determiner formal past)
걷는 (determiner formal present)
걷을 (determiner formal future)
걷으신다 (formal indicative non-past)
걷으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
걷으세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
걷으셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
걷으십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
걷으셨다 (formal indicative past)
걷으셨어 (indicative informal past)
걷으셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
걷으셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
걷으시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
걷으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
걷으세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
걷으셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
걷으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
걷으셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
걷으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
걷으셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
걷으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
걷으시라 (formal imperative)
걷으셔 (imperative informal)
걷으세요 (imperative informal polite)
걷으십시오 (formal imperative polite)
걷으시겠다 (assertive formal)
걷으시겠어 (assertive informal)
걷으시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
걷으시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
걷으셔 (causative formal)
걷으셔서 (causative informal)
걷으시니 (causative informal polite)
걷으시니까 (causative formal polite)
걷으시지만 (contrastive formal)
걷으시는데 (contrastive informal)
걷으시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
걷으시고 (conjunctive formal)
걷으시면 (conditional formal)
걷으셔야 (conditional informal)
걷으시려고 (formal motive-form)
걷으심 (formal noun-from-verb)
걷으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
걷으셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
걷으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
걷으신 (determiner formal past)
걷으시는 (determiner formal present)
걷으실 (determiner formal future)

First recorded in 1467, in the Moguja susimgyeol, as Middle Korean 걷다 (ket.ta).


걷다

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 걷다 (Yale: ket.ta). Formed as a contraction of 거두다 (geoduda).


날다

ko-verb

날다 • (nalda) (infinitive 날아, sequential 나니)

nalda (romanization)
날아 (infinitive)
나니 (sequential)
난다 (formal indicative non-past)
날아 (indicative informal non-past)
날아요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
납니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
날았다 (formal indicative past)
날았어 (indicative informal past)
날았어요 (indicative informal past polite)
날았습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
날아 (informal interrogative non-past)
날아요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
납니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
날았느냐 (formal interrogative past)
날았어 (informal interrogative past)
날았어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
날았습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
날자 (formal hortative)
날아 (hortative informal)
날아요 (hortative informal polite)
나십시다 (formal hortative polite)
날아라 (formal imperative)
날아 (imperative informal)
날아요 (imperative informal polite)
납시오 (formal imperative polite)
날겠다 (assertive formal)
날겠어 (assertive informal)
날겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
날겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
날아 (causative formal)
날아서 (causative informal)
나니 (causative informal polite)
나니까 (causative formal polite)
날지만 (contrastive formal)
나는데 (contrastive informal)
날더니 (contrastive informal polite)
날고 (conjunctive formal)
날면 (conditional formal)
날아야 (conditional informal)
날려고 (formal motive-form)
낢 (formal noun-from-verb)
날기 (informal noun-from-verb)
날았음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
날았기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
난 (determiner formal past)
나는 (determiner formal present)
날 (determiner formal future)
나신다 (formal indicative non-past)
나셔 (indicative informal non-past)
나세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
나셨다 (formal indicative past)
나셨어 (indicative informal past)
나셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
나셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
나셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
나세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
나셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
나셨어 (informal interrogative past)
나셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
나셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
나시라 (formal imperative)
나셔 (imperative informal)
나세요 (imperative informal polite)
나십시오 (formal imperative polite)
나시겠다 (assertive formal)
나시겠어 (assertive informal)
나시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
나시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
나셔 (causative formal)
나셔서 (causative informal)
나시니 (causative informal polite)
나시니까 (causative formal polite)
나시지만 (contrastive formal)
나시는데 (contrastive informal)
나시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
나시고 (conjunctive formal)
나시면 (conditional formal)
나셔야 (conditional informal)
나시려고 (formal motive-form)
나심 (formal noun-from-verb)
나시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
나셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나신 (determiner formal past)
나시는 (determiner formal present)
나실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆯ다〮 (Yale: nòl-tá).

ko-etym-native

종이비행기가 하늘을 가로질러 아주 멋지게 난다.

The paper airplane flies really splendidly across the sky.

Jong'ibihaenggi-ga haneur-eul garojilleo aju meotjige nanda.

새가 하늘을 날고 있다.

나는 하늘을 나는 자동차가 빨리 발명되기를 바란다.

I hope that flying cars will be invented soon.

Na-neun haneur-eul naneun jadongcha-ga ppalli balmyeongdoegireul baranda.

(transitive or intransitive) to fly (travel through the air)


알

future determiner of 알다 (alda, “to know”)


나가다

ko-verb

나가다 • (nagada) (infinitive 나가, sequential 나가니)

nagada (romanization)
나가 (infinitive)
나가니 (sequential)
나간다 (formal indicative non-past)
나가 (indicative informal non-past)
나가요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나갑니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
나갔다 (formal indicative past)
나갔어 (indicative informal past)
나갔어요 (indicative informal past polite)
나갔습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나가느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
나가 (informal interrogative non-past)
나가요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나갑니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
나갔느냐 (formal interrogative past)
나갔어 (informal interrogative past)
나갔어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
나갔습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
나가자 (formal hortative)
나가 (hortative informal)
나가요 (hortative informal polite)
나가십시다 (formal hortative polite)
나가거라 (formal imperative)
나가라 (formal imperative)
나가 (imperative informal)
나가요 (imperative informal polite)
나갑시오 (formal imperative polite)
나가겠다 (assertive formal)
나가겠어 (assertive informal)
나가겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
나가겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
나가 (causative formal)
나가서 (causative informal)
나가니 (causative informal polite)
나가니까 (causative formal polite)
나가지만 (contrastive formal)
나가는데 (contrastive informal)
나가더니 (contrastive informal polite)
나가고 (conjunctive formal)
나가면 (conditional formal)
나가야 (conditional informal)
나가려고 (formal motive-form)
나감 (formal noun-from-verb)
나가기 (informal noun-from-verb)
나갔음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나갔기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나간 (determiner formal past)
나가는 (determiner formal present)
나갈 (determiner formal future)
나가신다 (formal indicative non-past)
나가셔 (indicative informal non-past)
나가세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나가셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나가십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
나가셨다 (formal indicative past)
나가셨어 (indicative informal past)
나가셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
나가셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나가시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
나가셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
나가세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나가셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나가십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
나가셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
나가셨어 (informal interrogative past)
나가셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
나가셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
나가시라 (formal imperative)
나가셔 (imperative informal)
나가세요 (imperative informal polite)
나가십시오 (formal imperative polite)
나가시겠다 (assertive formal)
나가시겠어 (assertive informal)
나가시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
나가시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
나가셔 (causative formal)
나가셔서 (causative informal)
나가시니 (causative informal polite)
나가시니까 (causative formal polite)
나가시지만 (contrastive formal)
나가시는데 (contrastive informal)
나가시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
나가시고 (conjunctive formal)
나가시면 (conditional formal)
나가셔야 (conditional informal)
나가시려고 (formal motive-form)
나가심 (formal noun-from-verb)
나가시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
나가셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나가셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나가신 (determiner formal past)
나가시는 (determiner formal present)
나가실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 나〮가다〮 (Yale: ná-kà-tá), equivalent to 나 (na, infinitive of 나다 (nada, “to move out”)) + 가다 (gada, “to go”).

af

infinitive of <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">나다</i> (nada, “to move out”)

방에서 나가다

집을 나가다

일터로 나가다

마실을 나가다

(literal, figurative) to go out; (contextually) to leave

앞으로 나가다

나가자 조선인민군!
일당백 용맹을 떨치며!

1968, “Song of the Korean People's Army”, Ri Beom-su (lyrics), Ra Guk (music):

March forward, Korean People's Army!
Show off our bravery is a match for a hundred men!

Nagaja joseoninmin'gun!
ildangbaek yongmaeng-eul tteolchimyeo!

나아가다 나아가다#Korean

Alternative form of 나아가다 (naagada, “to go forth, to go forward”).

Coordinate term: 나오다 (naoda)

이 소문이 나가면 우리 모두 큰일이다.

If this rumor spreads, we are all in trouble.

I somun-i nagamyeon uri modu keunir-ida.

(by extension) to be disseminated, to spread outwards

매일밤 클럽에 나간다

s/he goes out to the nightclub every night

군인이 전쟁터에 나가다

for the soldier to go out to the battlefield

대학생이 사회로 나가다

for the university student to enter the adult world

(by extension) to participate, to attend

너무 세게 나가지 마.

(with a modifying adverb) to perform a task (in such a way)

몸무게가 너무 많이 나간다

이 가방은 1억원 나간다

컴퓨터가 나갔어

전기가 나갔어

there's a power outage (literally, “the electricity left”)

이빨이 나갔어

(by extension) to become defective; (of clothes) to become worn out; (of body parts) to become injured

시험 범위를 다 나갔다

[I] covered/revised all of the material for the exam

(by extension) to proceed; (of studying) to cover

일을 해나가다

(with the infinitive 어/아 (eo/a)) to purposefully continue (to a satisfactory conclusion)


바꾸다

ko-verb

바꾸다 • (bakkuda) (infinitive 바꾸어 or 바꿔, sequential 바꾸니)

bakkuda (romanization)
바꾸어 (infinitive)
바꿔 (infinitive)
바꾸니 (sequential)
바꾼다 (formal indicative non-past)
바꾸어 (indicative informal non-past)
바꾸어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
바꿔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
바꿉니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
바꾸었다 (formal indicative past)
바꾸었어 (indicative informal past)
바꾸었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
바꾸었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
바꾸느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
바꾸어 (informal interrogative non-past)
바꾸어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
바꿔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
바꿉니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
바꾸었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
바꾸었어 (informal interrogative past)
바꾸었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
바꾸었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
바꾸자 (formal hortative)
바꾸어 (hortative informal)
바꾸어요 (hortative informal polite)
바꿔요 (hortative informal polite)
바꾸십시다 (formal hortative polite)
바꾸어라 (formal imperative)
바꿔라 (formal imperative)
바꾸어 (imperative informal)
바꾸어요 (imperative informal polite)
바꿔요 (imperative informal polite)
바꿉시오 (formal imperative polite)
바꾸겠다 (assertive formal)
바꾸겠어 (assertive informal)
바꾸겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
바꾸겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
바꾸어 (causative formal)
바꾸어서 (causative informal)
바꿔서 (causative informal)
바꾸니 (causative informal polite)
바꾸니까 (causative formal polite)
바꾸지만 (contrastive formal)
바꾸는데 (contrastive informal)
바꾸더니 (contrastive informal polite)
바꾸고 (conjunctive formal)
바꾸면 (conditional formal)
바꾸어야 (conditional informal)
바꿔야 (conditional informal)
바꾸려고 (formal motive-form)
바꿈 (formal noun-from-verb)
바꾸기 (informal noun-from-verb)
바꾸었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
바꿨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
바꾸었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
바꿨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
바꾼 (determiner formal past)
바꾸는 (determiner formal present)
바꿀 (determiner formal future)
바꾸신다 (formal indicative non-past)
바꾸셔 (indicative informal non-past)
바꾸세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
바꾸셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
바꾸십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
바꾸셨다 (formal indicative past)
바꾸셨어 (indicative informal past)
바꾸셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
바꾸셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
바꾸시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
바꾸셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
바꾸세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
바꾸셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
바꾸십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
바꾸셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
바꾸셨어 (informal interrogative past)
바꾸셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
바꾸셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
바꾸시라 (formal imperative)
바꾸셔 (imperative informal)
바꾸세요 (imperative informal polite)
바꾸십시오 (formal imperative polite)
바꾸시겠다 (assertive formal)
바꾸시겠어 (assertive informal)
바꾸시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
바꾸시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
바꾸셔 (causative formal)
바꾸셔서 (causative informal)
바꾸시니 (causative informal polite)
바꾸시니까 (causative formal polite)
바꾸시지만 (contrastive formal)
바꾸시는데 (contrastive informal)
바꾸시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
바꾸시고 (conjunctive formal)
바꾸시면 (conditional formal)
바꾸셔야 (conditional informal)
바꾸시려고 (formal motive-form)
바꾸심 (formal noun-from-verb)
바꾸시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
바꾸셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
바꾸셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
바꾸신 (determiner formal past)
바꾸시는 (determiner formal present)
바꾸실 (determiner formal future)

Of native Korean origin. First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 밧고〮다〮 (Yale: pàskwó-tá).

ko-etym-native

전구를 바꾸어 끼우다

to change [something]; to replace [something] with something else

지폐를 잔돈으로 바꾸다

to exchange notes (paper currency) for coins

to exchange [something]; to give [something] and receive something else in return

원고의 내용을 많이 바꾸어야겠다.

[You] will have to make a lot of changes to the manuscript.

Won'go-ui naeyong-eul mani bakkueoyagetda.

그만 좀 바꿔라. 어차피 다 기록에 남는다.

Stop changing it. It's all on record anyway.

Geuman jom bakkwora. Eochapi da girog-e namneunda.

수빈 씨 좀 바꿔 주세요.

바꿔 드리겠습니다.

전화 바꿨습니다.

I am on the phone. (after somebody put them on)

(North Korea) to exchange words or greetings with each other


태어나다

ko-verb

태어나다 • (taeeonada) (infinitive 태어나, sequential 태어나니)

taeeonada (romanization)
태어나 (infinitive)
태어나니 (sequential)
태어난다 (formal indicative non-past)
태어나 (indicative informal non-past)
태어나요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
태어납니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
태어났다 (formal indicative past)
태어났어 (indicative informal past)
태어났어요 (indicative informal past polite)
태어났습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
태어나느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
태어나 (informal interrogative non-past)
태어나요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
태어납니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
태어났느냐 (formal interrogative past)
태어났어 (informal interrogative past)
태어났어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
태어났습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
태어나자 (formal hortative)
태어나 (hortative informal)
태어나요 (hortative informal polite)
태어나십시다 (formal hortative polite)
태어나라 (formal imperative)
태어나 (imperative informal)
태어나요 (imperative informal polite)
태어납시오 (formal imperative polite)
태어나겠다 (assertive formal)
태어나겠어 (assertive informal)
태어나겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
태어나겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
태어나 (causative formal)
태어나서 (causative informal)
태어나니 (causative informal polite)
태어나니까 (causative formal polite)
태어나지만 (contrastive formal)
태어나는데 (contrastive informal)
태어나더니 (contrastive informal polite)
태어나고 (conjunctive formal)
태어나면 (conditional formal)
태어나야 (conditional informal)
태어나려고 (formal motive-form)
태어남 (formal noun-from-verb)
태어나기 (informal noun-from-verb)
태어났음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
태어났기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
태어난 (determiner formal past)
태어나는 (determiner formal present)
태어날 (determiner formal future)
태어나신다 (formal indicative non-past)
태어나셔 (indicative informal non-past)
태어나세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
태어나셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
태어나십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
태어나셨다 (formal indicative past)
태어나셨어 (indicative informal past)
태어나셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
태어나셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
태어나시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
태어나셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
태어나세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
태어나셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
태어나십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
태어나셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
태어나셨어 (informal interrogative past)
태어나셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
태어나셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
태어나시라 (formal imperative)
태어나셔 (imperative informal)
태어나세요 (imperative informal polite)
태어나십시오 (formal imperative polite)
태어나시겠다 (assertive formal)
태어나시겠어 (assertive informal)
태어나시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
태어나시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
태어나셔 (causative formal)
태어나셔서 (causative informal)
태어나시니 (causative informal polite)
태어나시니까 (causative formal polite)
태어나시지만 (contrastive formal)
태어나시는데 (contrastive informal)
태어나시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
태어나시고 (conjunctive formal)
태어나시면 (conditional formal)
태어나셔야 (conditional informal)
태어나시려고 (formal motive-form)
태어나심 (formal noun-from-verb)
태어나시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
태어나셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
태어나셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
태어나신 (determiner formal past)
태어나시는 (determiner formal present)
태어나실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 타나다 (Yale: thanata).


짊어지다

ko-verb

짊어지다 • (jilmeojida) (infinitive 짊어지어 or 짊어져, sequential 짊어지니)

jilmeojida (romanization)
짊어지어 (infinitive)
짊어져 (infinitive)
짊어지니 (sequential)
짊어진다 (formal indicative non-past)
짊어져 (indicative informal non-past)
짊어져요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
짊어지어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
짊어집니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
짊어졌다 (formal indicative past)
짊어졌어 (indicative informal past)
짊어졌어요 (indicative informal past polite)
짊어졌습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
짊어지느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
짊어져 (informal interrogative non-past)
짊어져요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
짊어지어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
짊어집니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
짊어졌느냐 (formal interrogative past)
짊어졌어 (informal interrogative past)
짊어졌어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
짊어졌습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
짊어지자 (formal hortative)
짊어져 (hortative informal)
짊어져요 (hortative informal polite)
짊어지어요 (hortative informal polite)
짊어지십시다 (formal hortative polite)
짊어져라 (formal imperative)
짊어지어라 (formal imperative)
짊어져 (imperative informal)
짊어져요 (imperative informal polite)
짊어지어요 (imperative informal polite)
짊어집시오 (formal imperative polite)
짊어지겠다 (assertive formal)
짊어지겠어 (assertive informal)
짊어지겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
짊어지겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
짊어져 (causative formal)
짊어져서 (causative informal)
짊어지어서 (causative informal)
짊어지니 (causative informal polite)
짊어지니까 (causative formal polite)
짊어지지만 (contrastive formal)
짊어지는데 (contrastive informal)
짊어지더니 (contrastive informal polite)
짊어지고 (conjunctive formal)
짊어지면 (conditional formal)
짊어져야 (conditional informal)
짊어지어야 (conditional informal)
짊어지려고 (formal motive-form)
짊어짐 (formal noun-from-verb)
짊어지기 (informal noun-from-verb)
짊어졌음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
짊어지었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
짊어졌기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
짊어지었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
짊어진 (determiner formal past)
짊어지는 (determiner formal present)
짊어질 (determiner formal future)
짊어지신다 (formal indicative non-past)
짊어지셔 (indicative informal non-past)
짊어지세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
짊어지셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
짊어지십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
짊어지셨다 (formal indicative past)
짊어지셨어 (indicative informal past)
짊어지셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
짊어지셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
짊어지시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
짊어지셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
짊어지세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
짊어지셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
짊어지십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
짊어지셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
짊어지셨어 (informal interrogative past)
짊어지셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
짊어지셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
짊어지시라 (formal imperative)
짊어지셔 (imperative informal)
짊어지세요 (imperative informal polite)
짊어지십시오 (formal imperative polite)
짊어지시겠다 (assertive formal)
짊어지시겠어 (assertive informal)
짊어지시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
짊어지시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
짊어지셔 (causative formal)
짊어지셔서 (causative informal)
짊어지시니 (causative informal polite)
짊어지시니까 (causative formal polite)
짊어지시지만 (contrastive formal)
짊어지시는데 (contrastive informal)
짊어지시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
짊어지시고 (conjunctive formal)
짊어지시면 (conditional formal)
짊어지셔야 (conditional informal)
짊어지시려고 (formal motive-form)
짊어지심 (formal noun-from-verb)
짊어지시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
짊어지셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
짊어지셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
짊어지신 (determiner formal past)
짊어지시는 (determiner formal present)
짊어지실 (determiner formal future)

Formed as the passive of the now uncommon 짊다 (jimda, “to tie to a carrying frame”), by the regular addition of the suffix 지다 (jida) to the stem 짊어 (jilmeo).

ko-l

to carry on one's back, to shoulder, to bear (a burden)


쓰다

ko-verb

쓰다 • (sseuda) (infinitive 써, sequential 쓰니)

sseuda (romanization)
써 (infinitive)
쓰니 (sequential)
쓴다 (formal indicative non-past)
써 (indicative informal non-past)
써요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
씁니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
썼다 (formal indicative past)
썼어 (indicative informal past)
썼어요 (indicative informal past polite)
썼습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
쓰느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
써 (informal interrogative non-past)
써요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
씁니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
썼느냐 (formal interrogative past)
썼어 (informal interrogative past)
썼어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
썼습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
쓰자 (formal hortative)
써 (hortative informal)
써요 (hortative informal polite)
쓰십시다 (formal hortative polite)
써라 (formal imperative)
써 (imperative informal)
써요 (imperative informal polite)
씁시오 (formal imperative polite)
쓰겠다 (assertive formal)
쓰겠어 (assertive informal)
쓰겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
쓰겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
써 (causative formal)
써서 (causative informal)
쓰니 (causative informal polite)
쓰니까 (causative formal polite)
쓰지만 (contrastive formal)
쓰는데 (contrastive informal)
쓰더니 (contrastive informal polite)
쓰고 (conjunctive formal)
쓰면 (conditional formal)
써야 (conditional informal)
쓰려고 (formal motive-form)
씀 (formal noun-from-verb)
쓰기 (informal noun-from-verb)
썼음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
썼기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
쓴 (determiner formal past)
쓰는 (determiner formal present)
쓸 (determiner formal future)
쓰신다 (formal indicative non-past)
쓰셔 (indicative informal non-past)
쓰세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
쓰셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
쓰십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
쓰셨다 (formal indicative past)
쓰셨어 (indicative informal past)
쓰셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
쓰셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
쓰시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
쓰셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
쓰세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
쓰셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
쓰십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
쓰셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
쓰셨어 (informal interrogative past)
쓰셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
쓰셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
쓰시라 (formal imperative)
쓰셔 (imperative informal)
쓰세요 (imperative informal polite)
쓰십시오 (formal imperative polite)
쓰시겠다 (assertive formal)
쓰시겠어 (assertive informal)
쓰시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
쓰시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
쓰셔 (causative formal)
쓰셔서 (causative informal)
쓰시니 (causative informal polite)
쓰시니까 (causative formal polite)
쓰시지만 (contrastive formal)
쓰시는데 (contrastive informal)
쓰시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
쓰시고 (conjunctive formal)
쓰시면 (conditional formal)
쓰셔야 (conditional informal)
쓰시려고 (formal motive-form)
쓰심 (formal noun-from-verb)
쓰시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
쓰셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
쓰셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
쓰신 (determiner formal past)
쓰시는 (determiner formal present)
쓰실 (determiner formal future)

From Middle Korean 쓰〮다〮 (Yale: ssú-tá), 스〮다〮 (Yale: sú-tá).
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 쓰〮다〮 (Yale: ssú-tá).

ko-etym-native

모자를 쓰다

안경을 쓰다

to wear, to put on (a hat, helmet, etc., on one's head; a mask, pair of glasses, etc.)

우산을 쓰다

양산을 쓰다

to put up, to hold (an umbrella over one's head)

혐의를 쓰다

누명을 쓰다

to be accused of, to be suspected of (an offence)

청소를 했더니 온몸에 먼지를 썼다.

After cleaning, [my] body was covered with dust.

Cheongso-reul haetdeoni onmom-e meonji-reul sseotda.

광부들은 온통 석탄 가루를 썼다.

The mineworkers were covered with coal dust.

Gwangbu-deur-eun ontong seoktan garu-reul sseotda.


쓰다

From Middle Korean 쓰〮다〮 (Yale: ssú-tá), 스〮다〮 (Yale: sú-tá).
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 쓰〮다〮 (Yale: ssú-tá).

연필로 쓰다

영어로 쓰다

소설을 쓰다

노래를 쓰다

to compose (a song, a piece of writing, etc.)


쓰다

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄡᅳ〮다〮 (Yale: psú-tá).

이런 거에 시간 쓰고 싶지는 않아.

I don't want to spend my time on something like this.

Ireon geo-e sigan sseugo sipji-neun ana.

돈을 너무 많이 쓰는 것 같지 않아?

Don't you think you are spending a bit too much money?

Don-eul neomu mani sseuneun geot gatji ana?

(transitive) to spend, to consume, to expend (money, time, resources, etc.)

그는 영어와 불어를 모국어로 쓴다.

He speaks English and French as a native language.

Geu-neun yeong'eo-wa bureo-reul mogugeo-ro sseunda.

그는 서울말과 사투리를 둘 다 쓴다.

He speaks both the Seoul dialect and his [local] dialect.

Geu-neun seoulmal-gwa saturi-reul dul da sseunda.

(transitive) to speak (a language, a dialect, etc.)

to use (in general)
to speak (a language, a dialect, etc.)

일손이 부족하니 한 명 더 써야겠다.

Since [we] are in need of an extra hand, I will hire an extra person.

Ilson-i bujokhani han myeong deo sseoyagetda.

그 회사는 직원 다섯 명을 쓴다.

Geu hoesa-neun jigwon daseot myeong-eul sseunda.

(transitive) to use (in general)
(transitive) to hire, to employ

사람이 그딴 식으로 행동하면 쓰나?

Is it okay for somebody to act like that?

Saram-i geuttan sig-euro haengdongha-myeon sseuna?

그렇게 입버릇이 고약해서 쓰겠나?

It's no good being foul-mouthed like that.

Geureoke ipbeoreus-i goyakhae-seo sseugenna?

(intransitive, in questions after 어서 (-eoseo), 으면 (-eumyeon)) to be appropriate, to be right