赴戰嶺

Bujeollyeong (romanization)
부전령 (hangeul)

hanja form of 부전령 (“Pujollyong Mountains”)


송도

Songdo Point, a cape (갑) east of Sinpo in South Hamgyong, North Korea.


부전령

[ˈpu(ː)d͡ʑʌ̹ʎʎʌ̹ŋ]

The Pujollyong Mountains, a North Korean mountain range between the north coast of the East Korea Bay and the Kaema Highlands.


順興

hanja form of 순흥 (“Sunhung, a former Joseon district seat and present South Korean township”)


순흥

Sunhung, a South Korean township in North Gyeongsang which (historical) formerly served as the seat of a district in Joseon Korea's Gyeongsang Province.


북괴

Sino-Korean word from 北傀, from 北 (“north”) + 傀 (“puppet”)

ko-etym-sino

(South Korea, derogatory) the north puppet regime, i.e. North Korea


大東亞共榮圈

ko-proper noun

大東亞共榮圈 • (Daedong'agong'yeonggwon) (hangeul 대동아공영권)

Daedong'agong'yeonggwon (romanization)
대동아공영권 (hangeul)

대동아공영권 대동아공영권#Korean


利原

hanja form of 리원 (“(North Korea) Riwon”)


이원

(South Korea) Riwon, a town (읍) in South Hamgyong, North Korea.

(South Korea) Riwon County, the surrounding county (군) in South Hamgyong, North Korea.

(South Korea) Riwon Bay (만), an inlet of the East Korea Bay in the Sea of Japan.


리원

(North Korea) Riwon, a town (읍) in South Hamgyong, North Korea.

(North Korea) Riwon County, the surrounding county (군) in South Hamgyong, North Korea.

(North Korea) Riwon Bay (만), an inlet of the East Korea Bay in the Sea of Japan.


알라딘

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَاء الدِّين (ʕalāʔ ad-dīn).

bor

عَلَاء الدِّين

Arabic عَلَاء الدِّين (ʕalāʔ ad-dīn)


판문점

Panmunjom (village where 1953 Korean Armistice Agreement that paused the Korean War was signed)


盤城

hanja form of 반성 (“Pansong Archipelago”)


반성

Sino-Korean word from 盤城, with compound/genitive tensing applied.

ko-etym-sino

Pansong Archipelago (렬도), a chain of North Korean islands in the Yellow Sea.


신미

The eighth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Metal Goat" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


신미

Sinmi Island (도) in North Korea's Pansong Archipelago.


슬기

First attested in the Gyechuk ilgi (癸丑日記 / 계축일기), c. 1600 , as Early Modern Korean 슬긔 (Yale: sulkuy). Compare Manchu ᠰᡠᡵᡝ (sure, “intelligent”).


縱橫家

Jonghoengga (romanization)
종횡가 (hangeul)

hanja form of 종횡가 (“School of Diplomacy”)


산시

From Mandarin 山西 (Shānxī) or 陝西／陕西 (Shǎnxī).

zh-l

陝西／陕西 (Shǎnxī)


윈난

雲南／云南 (Yúnnán)


내몽골

[nɛmo̞ŋɡo̞ɭ]


시짱

[ɕʰit͡ɕ͈a̠ŋ]


닝샤

寧夏／宁夏 (Níngxià)


네이멍구

內蒙古／内蒙古 (Nèi Měnggǔ)


구이저우

貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu)


내몽고

Inner Mongolia (an autonomous region of China)


광시

廣西／广西 (Guǎngxī)


장쑤

zh-m

江蘇／江苏 (Jiāngsū)


청해

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋɦe̞]


절강

[t͡ɕʌ̹ɭɡa̠ŋ]


칭하이

[t͡ɕʰiŋɦa̠i]


신강

Xinjiang (an autonomous region of China)


충칭

[t͡ɕʰuŋt͡ɕʰiŋ]


톈진

Tianjin (a direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China)


사천

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]


사천

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]

South Gyeongsang
South Gyeongsang#English

Sacheon (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


간쑤

zh-l

甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù)


상해

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)ŋɦɛ]

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)ŋɦe̞]


천진

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑin]


중경

[ˈt͡ɕu(ː)ŋɡjʌ̹ŋ]


아리랑

(~타령) (music) Arirang, a Korean folk song, often considered unified Korea's unofficial national anthem.


불란서

Sino-Korean word from 佛蘭西, borrowed from French France.


메시아

From English messiah, from Latin messiahs, from Ancient Greek Μεσσίας (Messías); ultimately from Aramaic משיחא (məšīḥā) which is in turn from Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšîaḥ).

der

Aramaic משיחא (məšīḥā)


산스크리트어

[sʰa̠nsʰɯkxɯɾitʰɯʌ̹]

English Sanskrit (from Sanskrit संस्कृत (saṃskṛta)) + 어(語) (-eo, “language”).

affix

from Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">संस्कृत</i> (saṃskṛta)


구라파

Sino-Korean word from 歐羅巴, borrowed from Latin Europa.


아라사

Sino-Korean word from 俄羅斯, from Manchu ᠣᡵᠣᠰ (oros), from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ).


구약성경

Guyakseonggyeong (romanization)
舊約聖經 (hanja)

[구(ː)약성(ː)경]

Sino-Korean word from 舊約聖經, from 舊 (“old”) + 約 (“appointment”) + 聖經 (“Bible”).

ko-etym-Sino

Coordinate term: 신약성경(新約聖經) (Sinyakseonggyeong, “The New Testament”)


백해

White Sea (a sea to the northwest of Russia)


西王母

hanja form of 서왕모 (“Queen Mother of the West”)


괌

주: 앨라배마 · 알래스카 · 애리조나 · 아칸소 · 캘리포니아 · 콜로라도 · 코네티컷 · 델라웨어 · 플로리다 · 조지아 · 하와이 · 아이다호 · 일리노이 · 인디애나 · 아이오와 · 캔자스 · 켄터키 · 루이지애나 · 메인 · 메릴랜드 · 매사추세츠 · 미시간 · 미네소타 · 미시시피 · 미주리 · 몬태나 · 네브래스카 · 네바다 · 뉴햄프셔 · 뉴저지 · · 뉴욕 · 노스캐롤라이나 · 노스다코타 · 오하이오 · 오클라호마 · 오리건 · 펜실베이니아 · 로드아일랜드 · 사우스캐롤라이나 · 사우스다코타 · 테네시 · 텍사스 · 유타 · 버몬트 · 버지니아 · 워싱턴 · 웨스트버지니아 · 위스콘신 · 와이오밍

속령: 아메리칸사모아 · 괌 · 북마리아나 제도 · 푸에르토리코 · 미국령 군소 제도 · 미국령 버진아일랜드


카라치

[kʰa̠ɾa̠t͡ɕʰi]


이스탄불

Istanbul (a city and province of Turkey)


르네상스

[ɾɯne̞s͈a̠ŋs͈ɯ]


냉전

[ˈnɛ(ː)ŋd͡ʑʌ̹n]

[ˈne̞(ː)ŋd͡ʑʌ̹n]

Sino-Korean word from 冷戰, from 冷 (“cold”) + 戰 (“war”)


리우데자네이루

Rio de Janeiro (a municipality, the state capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English

Rio de Janeiro (a state of the Southeast Region, Brazil)


가주

캘리포니아 캘리포니아#Korean

(US, Canada) Synonym of 캘리포니아 (Kaelliponia, “California (a state of the United States)”)


유엔

유엔헌장을 준수하고 국제협력을 충실히 이행할 것이며 미국을 위시한 자유 우방과의 유대를 더욱 공고히 한다.

1961, Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, Revolution Manifesto of 16th May

We (the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction) will abide with the UN Charter faithfully implement international treaties, and will strengthen our ties with the Free World led by the United States.

yuenheonjang-eul junsuhago gukjehyeomnyeog-eul chungsilhi ihaenghal geos-imyeo migug-eul wisihan jayu ubang-gwa-ui yudae-reul deouk gonggohi handa.


부상

(Chinese mythology) Fusang, legendary land to the East commonly assumed to be Japan


玉皇大帝

Okhwangdaeje (romanization)
옥황대제 (hangeul)

옥황대제 옥황대제#Korean


五星紅旗

Oseonghonggi (romanization)
오성홍기 (hangeul)

오성홍기 오성홍기#Korean

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

hanja form of 오성홍기 (“Five-star Red Flag, the flag of the People's Republic of China”)


실크 로드

[ɕʰiɭkxɯ ɾo̞dɯ]


역경

[jʌ̹k̚k͈jʌ̹ŋ]


나성

로스앤젤레스 로스앤젤레스#Korean

(dated) Synonym of 로스앤젤레스 (roseuaenjelleseu, “Los Angeles”): a large city in California, United States


광명성절

ko-proper noun

광명성절 • (Gwangmyeongseongjeol) (hanja 光明星節)

Gwangmyeongseongjeol (romanization)
光明星節 (hanja)

[kwa̠ŋmjʌ̹ŋsʰʌ̹ŋd͡ʑʌ̹ɭ]

Day of the Shining Star, a public holiday in North Korea falling on 16 February, in commemoration of the birth of the country's second leader, Kim Jong-il.


성분

→ English: songbun


慶尙道

Gyeongsangdo (romanization)
경상도 (hangeul)

hanja form of 경상도 (“Gyeongsang Province, South Korea”)


경상도

Sino-Korean word from 慶尙道, from 慶 (“Gyeongju”) + 尙 (“Sangju”) + 道 (“province”)

ko-etym-sino

Holonym: 팔도(八道) (Paldo)

(historical) Gyeongsang, Kyŏngsang (a province of Korea)


전라도

→ English: Jeolla-do

→ French: Jeolla-do

[t͡ɕʌ̹ɭɭa̠do̞]

Sino-Korean word from 全羅道, from 全 (“Jeonju”) + 羅 (“Naju”) + 道 (“province”)

Holonym: 팔도(八道) (Paldo)

(historical) Jeolla, Chŏlla (a province of Korea)


全羅道

hanja form of 전라도 (“Jeolla Province, South Korea”)


호주 연방

[ɸʷo̞d͡ʑu jʌ̹nba̠ŋ]

호주(濠洲) (Hoju, “Australia”) + 연방(聯邦) (yeonbang, “federation, union”).

compound

Commonwealth of Australia
Commonwealth of Australia

Commonwealth of Australia (formal and full name of Australia)


로므니아

(North Korea) Romania (a country in Europe)


흉노

Xiongnu (a confederation of Central Asian tribes who lived on the steppes north of China during ancient times)


十三經

Sipsamgyeong (romanization)
십삼경 (hangeul)


남해

Sino-Korean word from 南海, from 南 (“South”) + 海 (“sea”).


남해

Namhae (a county of South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


五大洲

hanja form of 오대주 (“the five continents”)


윁남

(North Korea) Vietnam (a country in Asia)


평창

[pʰjʌ̹ŋt͡ɕʰa̠ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 平昌, from 平 (“flat”) + 昌 (“prosperous, flourishing”).

ko-etym-sino

Pyeongchang (a city and county of Gangwon Province, South Korea)


장정

[t͡ɕa̠ŋd͡ʑʌ̹ŋ]


大日本帝國

Daeilbonjeguk (romanization)
대일본제국 (hangeul)

대일본제국 대일본제국#Korean


코헬렛

[kʰo̞ɦe̞ɭɭe̞t̚]


가톨릭교회

가톨릭 (Gatollik, “Catholic”) + 교회(敎會) (gyohoe, “church”).


유튜브

유튜브가 구글 매출의 10 퍼센트 정도를 차지했다고 한다.

YouTube accounted for about 10 percent of Google's sales.

Yutyubeu-ga gugeul maechur-ui sip peosenteu jeongdo-reul chajihaetdago handa.


탈출기

[tʰa̠ʎt͡ɕʰuɭɡi]


사도행전

Sadohaengjeon (romanization)
使徒行傳 (hanja)

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)do̞ɦɛŋd͡ʑʌ̹n]

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)do̞ɦe̞ŋd͡ʑʌ̹n]

Acts of the Apostles
Acts of the Apostles

Acts of the Apostles (the name of the book of Acts in the Bible)


요한 묵시록

요한 (Yohan, “John”) + 묵시록 (muksirok, “apocalypse”)

(Catholicism, Orthodoxy) Book of Revelation; The Apocalypse


마카베오기 상권

마카베오 (Makabe'o, “Maccabees”) + 기 (gi, “story”) + 상권 (sanggwon, “first book”)


콘스탄티누스

Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (also known as Constantine I, St. Constantine, and/or Constantine the Great), 52nd emperor of the Roman Empire


천주

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑu]

(chiefly Catholicism) the Lord of Heaven; God


집회서

[t͡ɕipʰø̞sʰʌ̹]


십자고상

[ɕʰip̚t͡ɕ͈a̠ɡo̞sʰa̠ŋ]


성신

[ˈsʰɘ(ː)ŋɕʰin]

(archaic in Catholicism and Orthodoxy, still used in Traditionalist Catholicism) Holy Spirit; Holy Ghost


그리스도의 적

[kɯɾisʰɯdo̞ɰi t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]

[kɯɾisʰɯdo̞e̞ t͡ɕʌ̹k̚]

그리스도 (Geuriseudo, “Christ”) + 의 (-ui, genitive particle) + 적(敵) (jeok, “enemy”).

compound

(Christianity) antichrist (someone that works against the teachings of Christ)


아테나

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ).


아프로디테

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē).


우라누스

From Latin Ūranus, from Ancient Greek Οὐρανός (Ouranós), from οὐρανός (ouranós, “sky, heaven”).


헤파이스토스

From Ancient Greek Ἥφαιστος (Hḗphaistos).


주님

From 주 (ju, “lord”) + —님 (-nim, honorific suffix).

com

(Christianity) The Lord, the God of Abraham and the Hebrew Tanakh; (Christianity) God the Father, Jesus Christ, Holy Spirit.


예수회

From 예수 (Yesu, “Jesus”) + 회 (hoe, “society”).


비잔티움

(history, Byzantine Empire) Byzantium (ancient Greek city situated on the Bosporus in modern Turkey, later called Constantinople; modern Istanbul)


비잔티움 제국

비잔티움 (Bijantium, “Byzantine”) + 제국(帝國) (jeguk, “empire”).


로마 제국

로마 (Roma, “Rome”) + 제국(帝國) (jeguk, “empire”).


라파엘

[ɾa̠pʰa̠e̞ɭ]


베드로

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros).


아브라함

Borrowed from Hebrew אַבְרָהָם (avrahám).


야곱

Borrowed from Hebrew יעקב (ya'aqóbh; Modern: Yaakov).


콘스탄티노폴리스

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(history) Constantinople (the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, in modern Turkey, named after Constantine, Roman emperor)


신성 로마 제국

[ɕʰinsʰʌ̹ŋ ɾo̞ma̠ t͡ɕe̞(ː)ɡuk̚]

신성(神聖) (sinseong, “holiness”) + 로마 (Roma, “Rome”) + 제국(帝國) (jeguk, “empire”)


바오로

바울로

Baullo, the Korean Orthodox Church, the Anglican Church of Korea


모세

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew מֹשֶׁה (moshé).


토마스

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Θωμᾶς (Thōmâs).


임마누엘

Borrowed from Hebrew עִמָּנוּאֵל (imanu'él).


노아

Ultimately from Hebrew נֹחַ (nóakh, nṓaḥ), via another language.


다윗

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew דּוד (Dāwîḏ).


도이췰란드

From German Deutschland, from Middle High German Diutschlant. Compare obsolete South Korean 도이칠란트 (Doichillanteu).

(North Korea, Yanbian) Germany (a country in Europe)


모란봉

English: Moranbong

Chinese:

Mandarin: 牡丹峰 (Mǔdānfēng)

Japanese: 牡(モ)丹(ラン)峰(ボン) (Moranbon)

Sino-Korean word from 牡丹峰, from 牡丹 (“peony”) + 峰 (“peak”).

ko-etym-sino

Moranbong (a hill in Pyongyang, North Korea)


풍

a surname, with the major clan located in Linqu County, Shandong, China


취리히

[t͡ɕʰɥiɾiʝi]


동남아시아

From 동남(東南) (dongnam, “southeast”) + 아시아 (Asia, “Asia”).

com

Holonym: 아시아 (asia)


중공

(dated, chiefly before c. 1990) People's Republic of China, Red China

중국공산당(中國共産黨) 중국공산당#Korean

Initialism of 중국공산당(中國共産黨) (Junggukgongsandang).


三十六計

Samsibyukgye (romanization)
삼십육계 (hangeul)

삼십육계 삼십육계#Korean

hanja form of 삼십육계 (“Thirty-Six Stratagems”)


뽈스까

[p͈o̞ɭsʰɯk͈a̠]

(North Korea, Russia) Poland (a country in Europe)


체스꼬슬로벤스꼬

[t͡ɕʰe̞sʰɯk͈o̞sʰɯɭɭo̞be̞nsʰɯk͈o̞]

From Czech Československo or Slovak Československo.

(North Korea) Czechoslovakia (a former country in Central Europe)


윈도우

윈도우용


이스마엘

Borrowed from Hebrew יִשְׁמָעֵאל (yishma'él).


발해

(history) Balhae, a 7-10th kingdom located around northern China and Korean; Balhae


라그나로크

[ɾa̠ɡɯna̠ɾo̞kxɯ]


신라

Three Kingdoms of Korea
w:Three Kingdoms of Korea

Silla (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)


경성

[kjʌ̹ŋsʰʌ̹ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 京城, from 京 (“capital”) + 城 (“city”)

ko-etym-sino

(historical, Japanese colonial era) Seoul


경성

Sino-Korean word from 鏡 (“mirror”) + 城 (“city”)


백두산

Sino-Korean word from 白頭山, first attested in the Goryeosa (高麗史 / 고려사), 1454.
In Korean, first attested in the "Chulsaegok" (出塞曲 / 출새곡), 1616, as Early Modern Korean ᄇᆡᆨ두산.

ko-etym-native

백두산은 놉소. (North Korean grammar, medium-formality)

백두산은 높아요. (South Korean grammar, medium-formality)

Paektu Mountain, a mountain on the border between China and North Korea


월드컵

[wʌ̹ɭdɯkʰʌ̹p̚]


시애틀

[~시(市)] Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)


瑞草

hanja form of 서초 (“Seocho (district of Seoul”)


대프리카

Blend of 대구 (Daegu, “Daegu”) + 아프리카 (Apeurika, “Africa”).

blend

(informal) Daegu, as a place that reaches very high temperatures; "Daefrica"


康熙字典

ganghuijajeon (romanization)
강희자전 (hangeul)

강희자전 강희자전#Korean

hanja form of 강희자전 (“Kangxi Dictionary”)


정일봉

[t͡ɕʌ̹ŋiɭbo̞ŋ]

From 정일(正日) (Jeong'il) + 봉(峰) (bong, “peak”). Originally known as 장수봉(將帥峯) (Jangsubong), it was renamed after Kim Jong-il in 1988.


대령

Sino-Korean word from 大嶺, from 大 (“great”) + 嶺 (“pass”).

ko-etym-sino

[ˈtɛ(ː)ɾjʌ̹ŋ]

[ˈte̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹ŋ]

대관령(大關嶺) 대관령#Korean

Synonym of 대관령(大關嶺) (daegwallyeong, “Daegwallyeong pass”)


똥남아

Blend of 똥 (ttong, “faeces”) + 동남아(東南亞) (Dongnama, “Southeast Asia”).

blend

(slang, derogatory, offensive) Southeast Asia


페르시아

[pʰe̞ɾɯɕʰia̠]

페르시아어

페르시아 만 ― pereusia man ― Persian Gulf


辛酉

hanja form of 신유 (“Metal Rooster, the fifty-eighth in the sexagenary cycle”)


丁巳

hanja form of 정사 (“Fire Snake, the fifty-fourth in the sexagenary cycle”)


辛丑

hanja form of 신축 (“Metal Ox, the thirty-eighth in the sexagenary cycle”)


辛卯

hanja form of 신묘 (“Metal Rabbit, the twenty-eighth in the sexagenary cycle”)


癸丑

hanja form of 계축 (“Water Ox, the fiftieth in the sexagenary cycle”)


丙午

hanja form of 병오 (“Fire Horse, the forty-third in the sexagenary cycle”)


癸巳

hanja form of 계사 (“Water Snake, the thirtieth in the sexagenary cycle”)


戊申

hanja form of 무신 (“Earth Monkey, the forty-fifth in the sexagenary cycle”)


己酉

hanja form of 기유 (“Earth Rooster, the forty-sixth in the sexagenary cycle”)


己亥

hanja form of 기해 (“Earth Pig, the thirty-sixth in the sexagenary cycle”)


戊午

hanja form of 무오 (“Earth Horse, the fifty-fifth in the sexagenary cycle”)


乙巳

hanja form of 을사 (“Wood Snake, the forty-second in the sexagenary cycle”)


壬戌

hanja form of 임술 (“Water Dog, the fifty-ninth in the sexagenary cycle”)


庚戌

hanja form of 경술 (“Metal Dog, the forty-seventh in the sexagenary cycle”)


甲午

hanja form of 갑오 (“Wood Horse, the thirty-first in the sexagenary cycle”)


己丑

hanja form of 기축 (“Earth Ox, the twenty-sixth in the sexagenary cycle”)


癸亥

hanja form of 계해 (“Water Pig, the sixtieth in the sexagenary cycle”)


乙未

hanja form of 을미 (“Wood Goat, the thirty-second in the sexagenary cycle”)


癸卯

hanja form of 계묘 (“Water Rabbit, the fortieth in the sexagenary cycle”)


戊子

hanja form of 무자 (“Earth Rat, the twenty-fifth in the sexagenary cycle”)


甲戌

hanja form of 갑술 (“Wood Dog, the eleventh in the sexagenary cycle”)


庚辰

hanja form of 경진 (“Metal Dragon, the seventeenth in the sexagenary cycle”)


壬午

hanja form of 임오 (“Water Horse, the nineteenth in the sexagenary cycle”)


丙戌

hanja form of 병술 (“Fire Dog, the twenty-third in the sexagenary cycle”)


癸未

hanja form of 계미 (“Water Goat, the twentieth in the sexagenary cycle”)


辛未

hanja form of 신미 (“Metal Goat, the eighth in the sexagenary cycle”)


癸酉

hanja form of 계유 (“Water Rooster, the tenth in the sexagenary cycle”)


丁未

hanja form of 정미 (“Fire Goat, the forty-fourth in the sexagenary cycle”)


壬寅

hanja form of 임인 (“Water Tiger, the thirty-ninth in the sexagenary cycle”)


己未

hanja form of 기미 (“Earth Goat, the fifty-sixth in the sexagenary cycle”)


辛巳

hanja form of 신사 (“Metal Snake, the eighteenth in the sexagenary cycle”)


乙亥

hanja form of 을해 (“Wood Pig, the twelfth in the sexagenary cycle”)


弘仁

hanja form of 고닌 (“Kōnin (era) (from September 810 through January 824)”)


說文解字

seolmunhaeja (romanization)
설문해자 (hangeul)

설문해자 설문해자#Korean


孝經

hanja form of 효경 (“Classic of Filial Piety”)


남아프리카공화국

[나마프리카공(ː)화국]

From 남(南) (nam, “south”) + 아프리카 (Apeurika, “Africa”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

compound

Republic of South Africa
Republic of South Africa

Republic of South Africa (formal and full name of South Africa)


버지니아 연방

From 버지니아 (Beojinia, “Virginia”) + 연방(聯邦) (yeonbang, “commonwealth”).

Commonwealth of Virginia
Commonwealth of Virginia

(South Korea) Commonwealth of Virginia (formal and full name of Virginia)


로씨야련방

From 로씨야 (Rossiya, “Russia”) + 련방(聯邦) (ryeonbang, “federation; commonwealth”).

Russian Federation
Russian Federation#English

(North Korea, Russia) Russian Federation (a co-official name of Russia, a country in Eastern Europe and Asia)

(historical, North Korea, Russia) Russian Federation (alternative name of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, a former republic of the Soviet Union)


러시아 연방

[ɾʌ̹ɕʰia̠ jʌ̹nba̠ŋ]

From 러시아 (Reosia, “Russia”) + 연방(聯邦) (yeonbang, “federation; commonwealth”).

(South Korea) Russian Federation (a co-official name of Russia, a country in Eastern Europe and Asia)

(historical, South Korea) Russian Federation (alternative name of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, a former republic of the Soviet Union)


오스트레일리아 련방

[o̞sʰɯtʰɯɾe̞iʎʎia̠ ɾjʌ̹nba̠ŋ]

오스트레일리아 (Oseuteureillia, “Australia”) + 련방 (ryeonbang, “commonwealth”)

com

(North Korea) Commonwealth of Australia (formal and full name of Australia)


남아프리카 련방

남 (nam, “south”) + 아프리카 (Apeurika, “Africa”) + 련방 (ryeonbang, “union”)

Union of South Africa
Union of South Africa

(North Korea) Union of South Africa (former formal and full name of South Africa from 1910 to 1961)


남아공

2010, 웰컴 투 남아공…복수혈전의 나라: 백인우월단체 농장주 살해사건으로 흑백갈등 고조… 토지개혁 둘러싼 갈등도
AWB 회원 등 백인들은 법원 주변에서 과거 백인 정권 시절 남아공 국가였던 <남아프리카의 외침>...
AWB hoewon deung baegin-deur-eun beobwon jubyeon-eseo gwageo baegin jeonggwon sijeol namagong gukga-yeotdeon <남아프리카의 외침>...
AWB members and white people rallied around the courthouse, singing the RSA's former national anthem "The Call of South Africa"...

남아프리카공화국 남아프리카공화국#Korean

Initialism of 남아프리카공화국 (Namapeurikagonghwaguk, “Republic of South Africa”).


남아프리카 연방

남 (nam, “south”) + 아프리카 (Apeurika, “Africa”) + 연방 (yeonbang, “union”)

(South Korea) Union of South Africa (former formal and full name of South Africa from 1910 to 1961)


남아프리카의 외침

From 남(南)아프리카 (namapeurika, “South Africa”) + 의 (-ui) + 외침 (oechim, “cry”).

affix

2010, 웰컴 투 남아공…복수혈전의 나라: 백인우월단체 농장주 살해사건으로 흑백갈등 고조… 토지개혁 둘러싼 갈등도
AWB 회원 등 백인들은 법원 주변에서 과거 백인 정권 시절 남아공 국가였던 <남아프리카의 외침>…
AWB hoewon deung baegin-deur-eun beobwon jubyeon-eseo gwageo baegin jeonggwon sijeol Namagong gukga-yeot-deon <남아프리카의 외침>…
AWB members and white people rallied around the courthouse, singing South Africa's former national anthem "The Call of South Africa"…

The Call of South Africa
The Call of South Africa

ko:남아프리카의 외침


애국가

Korean reunification#The North's abandonment of peaceful reunification; the South revises plan (2024–present)

(North Korea) Aegukka, the North Korean national anthem.

(South Korea) Aegukga, the South Korean national anthem.


흐르바쯔까

[xɯɾɯba̠t͡ɕ͈ɯk͈a̠]

(North Korea) Croatia (a country in Europe)


五倫

hanja form of 오륜 (“five cardinal relationships”)


만경대

Man'gyeongdae (romanization)
萬景臺 (hanja)

Mangyongdae (a neighbourhood of Pyongyang, North Korea)


玉皇上帝

Okhwangsangje (romanization)
옥황상제 (hangeul)

옥황상제 옥황상제#Korean


高宗

hanja form of 고종 (“a temple name used for Chinese emperors, Vietnamese emperors, or Korean monarchs”)


太宗

hanja form of 태종 (“a temple name used for Chinese emperors, Vietnamese emperors, or Korean monarchs”)


世祖

hanja form of 세조 (“a temple name used for Chinese emperors, Vietnamese emperors, or Korean monarchs”)


호지명

[ɸʷo̞d͡ʑimjʌ̹ŋ]


제노바

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


전주

[t͡ɕʌ̹ɲd͡ʑu]

Jeonju (a city in North Jeolla Province, South Korea)


중화대북

Junghwadaebuk (romanization)
中華臺北 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 中華臺北, from 中華 (“China”) + 臺北 (“Taipei”)


列氏

(attributive) hanja form of 열씨 (“Réaumur”)


경주

North Gyeongsang
North Gyeongsang#English

Gyeongju (a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


대한 제국

Daehan jeguk (romanization)
大韓帝國 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 대한(大韓) (daehan, “Korea”) + 제국(帝國) (jeguk, “empire”)


한중

한중 관계

South Korea and China; (attributively) Sino-Korean


大韓帝國

Daehan jeguk (romanization)
대한 제국 (hangeul)

대한 제국
대한 제국#Korean


穆宗

hanja form of 목종 (“a temple name used for Chinese emperors or Korean monarchs”)


德宗

hanja form of 덕종 (“a temple name used for Chinese emperors, Vietnamese rulers, or Korean monarchs”)


宣宗

hanja form of 선종 (“a temple name used for Chinese emperors, Vietnamese rulers, or Korean monarchs”)


文宗

hanja form of 문종 (“a temple name used for Chinese emperors, Vietnamese rulers, or Korean monarchs”)


普賢菩薩

Bohyeonbosal (romanization)
보현보살 (hangeul)

보현보살 보현보살#Korean

hanja form of 보현보살 (“Samantabhadra bodhisattva”)


임자

The forty-ninth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Water Rat" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


北京官話

Bukgyeonggwanhwa (romanization)
북경관화 (hangeul)

북경관화 북경관화#Korean


이딸리아

(North Korea) Italy (a country in Europe)


천갈궁

Cheon'galgung (romanization)
天蠍宮 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹nɡa̠ɭɡuŋ]


백러시아

[pɛŋnʌ̹ɕʰia̠]

[pe̞ŋnʌ̹ɕʰia̠]

백(白) (baek, “white”) + 러시아 (Reosia, “Russia”).

compound

벨라루스 벨라루스#Korean

Synonym of 벨라루스 (Bellaruseu, “Belarus (a country in Europe)”)


벨로루시

[pe̞ɭɭo̞ɾuɕʰi]

벨라루스 벨라루스#Korean

Alternative form of 벨라루스 (Bellaruseu, “Belarus (a country in Europe)”)


홍

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

홍길동(洪吉童)


古朝鮮

hanja form of 고조선 (“(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)”)


고조선

(historical) Gojoseon, an ancient kingdom on the Korean peninsula (? – 108 BCE)


알리바바

알리바바와 사십 인의 도적


칭기즈 칸

[t͡ɕʰiŋɡid͡ʑɯ kʰa̠n]


외몽고

[ˈø̞(ː)mo̞ŋɡo̞]


북두칠성

Bukduchilseong (romanization)
北斗七星 (hanja)

[puk̚t͈ut͡ɕʰiɭsʰʌ̹ŋ]


찌아찌아어

[t͡ɕ͈ia̠t͡ɕ͈ia̠ʌ̹]

찌아찌아 (Jjiajjia, “Cia-Cia”) + 어(語) (-eo, “language”)


한성

(historical) Hanseong (the name of Seoul during the Joseon dynasty)


천하

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹nɦa̠]

(astronomy, poetic) a galaxy, (especially) the Milky Way


천하

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹nɦa̠]

Sino-Korean word from 泉下 (“netherworld, underworld”).


후지

후지 산


오환

Wuhuan, an ancient ethnic group in China.


한양

(historical) Hanyang (an old name of Seoul)


캐나디안 풋볼 리그

Canadian Football League
Canadian Football League

ko:캐나디안 풋볼 리그


남월

Nanyue, the Zhao Dynasty's successor state to the Qin Empire in modern-day Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam


갠지스

[kɛɲd͡ʑisʰɯ]

갠지스강


山越

hanja form of 산월 (“Shanyue (an ancient conglomeration of upland Yue hill tribes living in what is today the mountainous regions of Southern China and Northern Vietnam during the Han dynasty)”)


靑龍

hanja form of 청룡 (“Azure Dragon, one of the Four symbols of the Chinese constellations”)


愛國歌

hanja form of 애국가 (“(North Korea) Aegukka, the North Korean national anthem”)

애국가

hanja form of 애국가 (“(South Korea) Aegukga, the South Korean national anthem”)


탐라

Tamna (ancient Korean kingdom who ruled Jeju Island)


耽羅

hanja form of 탐라 (“(historical) Tamna (ancient Korean kingdom who ruled Jeju Island)”)


서하

Western Xia dynasty (1038–1227); the Tangut Empire


슈퍼맨

[ɕʰupʰʌ̹mɛn]


푸껫

Phuket, a province in southern Thailand.

(~섬) Phuket, the island where this province is located.


치앙마이

Chiang Mai, a province in northern Thailand.


五胡

hanja form of 오호 (“(historical) the Five Barbarians”)


체르노빌

[t͡ɕʰe̞ɾɯno̞biɭ]


삿포로

Sapporo (a city in Hokkaidō prefecture, Japan)


進軍歌

hanja form of 진군가 (“Tiến quân ca, the Vietnamese national anthem.”)


명동

Myeongdong (a dong in Seoul, South Korea)


明洞

hanja form of 명동 (“Myeongdong (a dong in Seoul, South Korea)”)


고사기

Sino-Korean word from 古事記, from Japanese 古事記 (Kojiki).


四書五經

Saseoogyeong (romanization)
사서오경 (hangeul)

사서오경 사서오경#Korean

hanja form of 사서오경 (“Four Books and Five Classics”)


신가파

Sin'gapa (romanization)
新嘉坡 (hanja)
新加坡 (hanja)


세종

[ˈsʰe̞(ː)d͡ʑo̞ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 世宗 (“generational ancestor”). The city is named after the Korean monarch.

ko-etym-Sino

A temple name used for Chinese, Korean or Vietnamese monarchs.

한글은 1443년에 세종대왕에 의해 만들어졌으며, 소리글자로서 자음 19개 모음 21개로 이루어졌습니다.

Hangul was created by King Sejong the Great in 1443 and consists of 19 consonants and 21 vowels.

Han'geur-eun 1443nyeon-e sejongdaewang'e uihae mandeureojeosseumyeo, sorigeuljaroseo ja'eum 19gae mo'eum 21gae-ro irueojeotseumnida.

[~대왕(大王)] Sejong, the fourth king of the Joseon dynasty and inventor of the Korean hangul alphabet

[~시(市)] Sejong (Sejong City), a special autonomous city of South Korea


부남

Funan, an ancient kingdom of Southeast Asia


진랍

[t͡ɕiɭɭa̠p̚]

Chenla, an ancient kingdom of Southeast Asia


李王朝

hanja form of 리왕조 (“(North Korea, historical) Joseon, an old dynasty on the Korean peninsula (1392 CE – 1897 CE)”)


朝鮮封建王朝

ko-proper noun

朝鮮封建王朝 • (Joseonbonggeonwangjo) (hangeul 조선봉건왕조)

Joseonbonggeonwangjo (romanization)
조선봉건왕조 (hangeul)

조선봉건왕조 조선봉건왕조#Korean

hanja form of 조선봉건왕조 (“(North Korea, historical) Joseon, an old dynasty on the Korean peninsula (1392 CE – 1897 CE)”)


조선봉건왕조

ko-pos

조선봉건왕조 • (Joseonbonggeonwangjo) (hanja 朝鮮封建王朝)

Joseonbonggeonwangjo (romanization)
朝鮮封建王朝 (hanja)

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹nbo̞ŋɡʌ̹nwa̠ŋd͡ʑo̞]

조선(朝鮮) (joseon, “Korea”) + 봉건(封建) (bonggeon, “feudalism”) + 왕조(王朝) (wangjo, “dynasty”).

compound

(North Korea, historical) Joseon, an old dynasty on the Korean peninsula (1392 CE – 1897 CE)


리왕조

리(李) (Ri, “Lee; Lý”, surname) + 왕조(王朝) (wangjo, “dynasty”).

(historical) Lý dynasty, an old dynasty of Vietnam (1009 CE – 1225 CE)


천안문

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:천안문

천안문당하다

to have the existence removed and leave no trace of something/someone


만엽집

[ˈma̠(ː)ɲʌ̹p̚t͡ɕ͈ip̚]


애신각라

Aesin'gangna (romanization)
愛新覺羅 (hanja)

[ɛɕʰinɡa̠ŋna̠]

Sino-Korean word from 愛新覺羅. Ultimately from Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (aisin gioro), the “gold” family (Aisin) of the Yilan (Gioro) clan of the Jianzhou Jurchens.

(historical) Aisin Gioro, the Manchu family which established and ruled China's Qing dynasty.


천지인

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑiin]

A hangul keyboard layout for typing hangul on a number keypad, developed by Samsung. It is characterized by the usage of three keys ㅣ, ㅡ, and ㆍ to type the vowels.


회남자

(literature) The Huainanzi or Writings of the Masters South of the Huai River.


논어

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics

Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)


루므니야

Borrowed from Russian Румы́ния (Rumýnija).


오스트리아-헝가리

[o̞sʰɯtʰɯɾia̠ɦʌ̹ŋɡa̠ɾi]

(historical) Austria-Hungary (a former empire in Europe)


대국

Sino-Korean word from 大國, from 大 (“great”) + 國 (“country”).


서귀포

[sʰʌ̹ɡɥipʰo̞]

[sʰʌ̹ɡypʰo̞]

Seogwipo (a city in Jeju Province, South Korea)


대영제국

Daeyeongjeguk (romanization)
大英帝國 (hanja)

[ˈtɛ(ː)jʌ̹ŋd͡ʑe̞ɡuk̚]

[ˈte̞(ː)jʌ̹ŋd͡ʑe̞ɡuk̚]

대영 제국 훈장 대십자 기사·여기사

Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (GBE)

daeyeong jeguk hunjang daesipja gisa·yeogisa


서월

(Gyeongsang, Harbin, Japan) Seoul (the capital city of South Korea)


맹자

[ˈmɛ(ː)ŋd͡ʑa̠]

Mencius, a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism

Mencius (one of the Four Books of Confucianism)


突擊隊

Dolgyeokdae (romanization)
돌격대 (hangeul)


세벌식

→ English: Sebeolsik

⇒ Japanese: 3ボル式 (San-boru-shiki)

[ˈsʰe̞(ː)bʌ̹ɭɕʰik̚]

세 (se, “three”) + 벌 (beol, “set”) + 식(式) (-sik, “style”).

com

Sebeolsik, a hangul keyboard layout (or any of its derivatives). 첫소리 (cheotsori) and 끝소리 (kkeutsori) forms of consonants are input using different keys.


두벌식

→ English: Dubeolsik

⇒ Japanese: 2ボル式 (Ni-boru-shiki)

두 (du, “two”) + 벌 (beol, “set”) + 식(式) (-sik, “style”).

Dubeolsik, a hangul keyboard layout (or any of its derivatives). The consonants are on the left, and the vowels are on the right.


관악산

Gwanaksan (a mountain in Seoul, South Korea)


설연타

[sʰʌ̹ɾjʌ̹ntʰa̠]

Xueyantuo (ancient Tiele Turkic people and Turkic khanate in central/northern Asia)


삼십육계

Samsibyukgye (romanization)
三十六計 (hanja)


도덕경

[to̞dʌ̹k̚k͈jʌ̹ŋ]

Tao Te Ching (ancient classic Chinese text whose authorship is attributed to Laozi)


용비어천가

ko-proper noun

용비어천가 • (Yongbieocheon'ga) (hanja 龍飛御天歌)

Yongbieocheon'ga (romanization)
龍飛御天歌 (hanja)

[joŋbiʌ̹t͡ɕʰʌ̹nɡa̠]

Sino-Korean word from 龍飛御天歌 (“song of flying dragons ascending to heaven”).

ko-etym-sino

Yongbieocheonga, a long fifteenth-century poem extolling the royal ancestors, which is the earliest extensive literary work in the Korean language that survives today


훈민정음

Hunminjeong'eum (romanization)
訓民正音 (hanja)

[ˈɸʷu(ː)nmiɲd͡ʑʌ̹ŋɯm]

Sino-Korean word from 訓 (“to teach”) + 民 (“the people”) + 正 (“right”) + 音 (“sound”)

ko-etym-Sino

Hunmin Jeongeum (the book introducing the Korean script)


유럽 련합

Yureop ryeonhap (romanization)
유럽聯合 (hanja)

유럽 연합
유럽 연합#Korean

Yanbian standard spelling of 유럽 연합 (Yureop Yeonhap).


사역원

[sʰa̠jʌ̹ɡwʌ̹n]

(historical) Bureau of Interpreters, a government office concerned with translation during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties


삼한

(historical, archaic) Three Kingdoms of Korea

(historical, poetic) Korea; see Canto XXVIII of Yongbieocheonga


陰陽家

hanja form of 음양가 (“School of Naturalists”)


치우

(Chinese mythology) Chiyou (tribal leader of the ancient Nine Li tribe)


伸縮性

Sinchukseong (romanization)
신축성 (hangeul)


우한

Wuhan (the provincial capital of Hubei, China)

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:우한


여와

(Chinese mythology) Nüwa, the goddess who repaired heaven and created mankind


복희

(Chinese mythology) Fuxi (a legendary ancient Chinese ruler and culture hero)


文殊師利

문수사리 문수사리#Korean


인니

인도네시아 인도네시아#Korean

Synonym of 인도네시아 (Indonesia, “Indonesia (a country in Asia)”)


미리견

Sino-Korean word from 彌利堅, borrowed from English America

아메리카 아메리카#Korean

(obsolete) Synonym of 아메리카 (amerika): America


시토회

[ɕʰitʰo̞ɦø̞]

시토 (sito, “Cîteaux”) + 회 (hoe, “association”)

compound

the Cistercians (Catholic monastic order)


몽강

(historical) Mengjiang (historical puppet state)


안드로이드

Borrowed from English android or Android.

(computing, mobile telephony) Android OS


숭경

Chongqing (1212–1213), an era under Wanyan Yongji, a Jin dynasty emperor


연변

→ English: Yeonbyeon

Yanbian (a Korean autonomous prefecture Jilin, China)


쾨뻰하븐

(North Korea) Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark).


브류쎌

(North Korea) Brussels (the capital city of Belgium)


캄보쟈

(North Korea) Cambodia (a country in Asia)


마쟈르

[ma̠d͡ʑa̠ɾɯ]

(North Korea) Hungary (a country in Europe)


제주시

[ˈt͡ɕe̞(ː)d͡ʑuɕʰi]


오사까

(North Korea) Osaka (a city in Honshū, Japan)


중미주

중(中) (jung, “middle”) + 미주(米洲) (Miju, “Americas”).


지리산

Mount Jiri, Jirisan (a mountain in South Korea)


한라산

Mount Halla, Hallasan (a mountain in Jeju, South Korea)


홍길동

[ɸʷo̞ŋɡiɭdo̞ŋ]

Hong Gildong is the protagonist of the classic Korean novel Hong Gildong jeon.

John Doe, Jane Doe; a generic placeholder name in legal documents


토욕혼

(historical) Tuyuhun (A powerful Mongolic kingdom established by nomadic tribes related to the Xianbei in the Qilian Mountains and upper Yellow River valley.)


露國

hanja form of 노국 (“(obsolete, South Korea) Russia”)


露國

hanja form of 로국 (“(obsolete, North Korea) Russia”)


무진

The fifth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Earth Dragon" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


까타르

[k͈a̠tʰa̠ɾɯ]

(North Korea) Qatar (a country in Asia, in the Middle East)


혹가이도

(North Korea) Hokkaido (a northern largest island of Japan, or a prefecture based in itself)


팔도

→ Japanese: 八道 (Hachidō)

Sino-Korean word from 八道, from 八 (“eight”) + 道 (“province”).

ko-etym-Sino

Meronyms: 강원도(江原道) (Gang'wondo), 경기도(京畿道) (Gyeonggido), 경상도(慶尙道) (Gyeongsangdo), 전라도(全羅道) (Jeollado), 충청도(忠淸道) (Chungcheongdo), 평안도(平安道) (Pyeong'ando), 함경도(咸鏡道) (Hamgyeongdo), 황해도(黃海道) (Hwanghaedo)

이전엔 팔도를 알앗는데. 왜앤 전라남북도 앞에 잇다는 게사 알지. 조선 사름이 자기 따 이름두 알구 다아 알아야 댄다.

2019, 곽충구 [gwakchunggu, Kwak Chung-gu], 두만강 유역의 조선어 방언 사전 [duman'gang yuyeogui joseoneo bang'eon sajeon, Dictionary of Korean Dialects of the Tumen River Area], volume II, Taehaksa, →ISBN, page 2460:

Before, I used to know the Eight Provinces of Korea. At least I still know enough to say Jeolla Province is the most in the south. Korean people should know their own place names, and all the other stuff.

the (historical) Eight Provinces of Korea


보잉

A transliteration of the English surname Boeing

(aviation) Boeing, an American aerospace company


코카콜라

[kʰo̞kʰa̠kʰo̞ɭɭa̠]


조선시대

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹nɕʰidɛ]

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹nɕʰide̞]

Sino-Korean word from 朝鮮 (“Korea”) + 時代 (“historical age or period”)

ko-etym-sino

Joseon, an old dynasty on the Korean peninsula (1392 CE – 1897 CE)


찰스

[t͡ɕʰa̠ɭsʰɯ]

A transliteration of the English male given name Charles


모슬포

Moseulpo (a city in Jeju Province, South Korea)


탐라국

Sino-Korean word from 耽羅 (“Tamna”) + 國 (“nation”).

Tamna (ancient Korean kingdom who ruled Jeju Island)


애월

Aewol (a town in Jeju Province, South Korea)


크림반도

크림 (keurim, “Crimea”) + 반도(半島) (bando, “peninsula”)


라선특별시

ko-proper noun

라선특별시 • (Raseonteukbyeolsi) (hanja 羅先特別市)

Raseonteukbyeolsi (romanization)
羅先特別市 (hanja)

[ɾa̠sʰʌ̹ntʰɯk̚p͈jʌ̹ɭɕʰi]


황해남도

Hwanghaenamdo (romanization)
黃海南道 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 黃海南道, from 黃海 + 南 (“south”) + 道 (“province”).

ko-etym-sino

South Hwanghae (a province of North Korea)


자강도

English: Chagang, Jagang

[t͡ɕa̠ɡa̠ŋdo̞]

Sino-Korean word from 慈江道, from 慈江 + 道 (“province”).

Chagang, Jagang (a province of North Korea)


평안남도

Pyeong'annamdo (romanization)
平安南道 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 平安南道, from 平安 + 南 (“south”) + 道 (“province”).

South Pyongan (a province of North Korea)


함경북도

Hamgyeongbukdo (romanization)
咸鏡北道 (hanja)

desc

→ English: North Hamgyong (partial calque)

Sino-Korean word from 咸鏡北道, from 咸鏡 + 北 (“north”) + 道 (“province”).

ko-etym-sino

North Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


평안북도

Pyeong'anbukdo (romanization)
平安北道 (hanja)

desc

→ English: North Phyongan, North Pyeongan, North Pyongan (partial calque)

Sino-Korean word from 平安北道, from 平安 + 北 (“north”) + 道 (“province”).

ko-etym-sino

North Pyongan, North Pyeongan, North Phyongan (a province of North Korea)


황해북도

Hwanghaebukdo (romanization)
黃海北道 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 黃海北道, from 黃海 + 北 (“north”) + 道 (“province”).

North Hwanghae (a province of North Korea)


함경남도

Hamgyeongnamdo (romanization)
咸鏡南道 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 咸鏡南道, from 咸鏡 + 南 (“south”) + 道 (“province”).

South Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


량강도

[ɾja̠ŋɡa̠ŋdo̞]

Sino-Korean word from 兩江道, from 兩江 + 道 (“province”).

(North Korea) Ryanggang (a province of North Korea)


희랍

Sino-Korean word from 希臘 (“Greece”), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás).


문혁

문화대혁명 문화대혁명#Korean

Short for 문화대혁명 (Munhwa Daehyeongmyeong, “Cultural Revolution”).


문화대혁명

ko-proper noun

문화대혁명 • (Munhwadaehyeongmyeong) (hanja 文化大革命)

Munhwadaehyeongmyeong (romanization)
文化大革命 (hanja)

[munβwa̠ tɛʝʌ̹ŋmjʌ̹ŋ]

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 文化大革命 (Wénhuà Dà Gémìng).

obor

(historical) Cultural Revolution (period of social turmoil in Maoist China)


가가린

Гага́рин Гагарин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Гага́рин (Gagárin).


구씨-흐루스딸리니

구씨흐루스딸리니 (canonical)
Gussi-heuruseuttallini (romanization)

From Russian Гусь-Хрустальный (Gusʹ-Xrustalʹnyj).

bor

Гусь-Хрустальный

(North Korea) Gus-Khrustalny (a town in Russia)


오스트랄리아 련방

[o̞sʰɯtʰɯɾa̠ʎʎia̠ ɾjʌ̹nba̠ŋ]

오스트랄리아 (Oseuteurallia, “Australia”) + 련방 (ryeonbang, “commonwealth”)

com

(North Korea) Commonwealth of Australia (formal and full name of Australia)


장강

[t͡ɕa̠ŋɡa̠ŋ]


광명

Gwangmyeong (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


프리모르스키 크라이

From Russian Примо́рский край (Primórskij kraj, literally “maritime region”).

bor

Примо́рский край

(very rare) Primorsky Krai (a region of Russia)


연해주

[jʌ̹nɦɛd͡ʑu]

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 沿海州 (Enkaishū), a calque of Russian Примо́рский кра́й (Primórskij kráj).

calque

Примо́рский кра́й

Primorsky Krai (a region of Russia) (Russian region adjourning Korea)


오스트랄리아

[o̞sʰɯtʰɯɾa̠ʎʎia̠]

오스트레일리아 오스트레일리아#Korean

North Korea standard form of 오스트레일리아 (Oseuteureillia, “Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)”).


弁韓

hanja form of 변한 (“Byeonhan confederacy”)


대보름

정월(正月) 대(大)보름
정월 대보름#Korean

Short for 정월(正月) 대(大)보름 (Jeong'wol Daeboreum, Korean holiday).


애란

Sino-Korean word from 愛蘭, a phonogramic spelling.

애란인인 선교사가 비척비척 걸어 나온다.

1962, Kim Seung'ok, 생명연습 [saengmyeong'yeonseup, Operation]:

The missionary, an Irishman, shuffles his way out.


불곰국

From 불곰 (bulgom, “brown bear”) + 국(國) (-guk, “country”).

com

(slang, humorous) Synonym of 러시아 (Reosia, “Russia (a country in Eastern Europe and Asia)”)


단풍국

Sino-Korean word from 丹楓 (“maple”) + 國 (“country”).

ko-etym-sino

(slang, humorous) Synonym of 캐나다 (Kaenada, “Canada (a country in North America)”)


천조국

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑo̞ɡuk̚]

Originally a Sino-Korean word from 天朝 (“Celestial Empire”) + 國 (“country”), with the implied criticism that South Korea is a self-deprecating vassal state of America in the same way that dynastic Korea used to revere China as the Empire of Heaven.
Now generally reinterpreted as a Sino-Korean word from 千兆 (“quadrillion”) + 國 (“country”), satirizing the fact that the United States military budget, when rounded up, is equivalent to a quadrillion South Korean won.

ko-etym-Sino

United States of America
United States of America#English

(slang, humorous) Synonym of 미국(美國) (Miguk, “America, United States of America (a country in North America)”)

미국(美國)

South Korean won
United States military budget


손님네

손님 (sonnim, “guest”) + 네 (-ne, comitative suffix). Literally "the guest folk".

suffix

아무리 세월이 좋아서 주사가 좋고 약이 좋다 해도 손님네 잘 모시야 됩니더.

1978 July 17, 김석출 [gimseokchul], 손님굿 [sonnimgut]:

Though the times are good and the medical shots are good and the medicines are good, we must worship the guest-folk well.

손님네가 무섭고 시럽구나 맏아들로 잡아내고 둘째놈을 잡아내고 셋째 넷째 다섯째며 여섯 아들로 잡아내니

1987, 김동언 [gimdong'eon], “손님거리 [sonnimgeori]”, in 서대석, 박경신 [seodaeseok, bakgyeongsin], editors, 서사무가 2 [seosamuga 2, Shamanic Narrative Chants, Volume II], →ISBN:

How fearful and fickle the guest-folk are! Killing the first son and killing the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, killing away the six sons...

손님네가 민망하여서 대접받을 대책이 없다 말이지. "여보시오, 노구할매요, 은혜보답을 무엇으로 갚으리까? 아들 있소, 딸이 있소? 외손있소, 친손이 있소? 은금보화를 주오리까, 참 광너븐 논을 불과주어리까?"

1994 December 11, 빈순애 [binsunae], 강릉 단오제 손님굿 노래 [gangneung danoje sonnimgut norae]:

The guest-folk were embarrassed; they had not counted on this hospitality. "Look here, Nogu-halmae, how should we recompense your generosity? Do you have a son or a daughter [to spare from the epidemic]? Do you have grandchildren on your son's or daughter's side [to spare from the epidemic]? Shall we give you gold and treasures, or truly expansive rice paddies?"

(chiefly Gyeongsang and Gangwon, shamanism) the deities of epidemic (historically smallpox in particular), euphemistically referred to as "the guest folk"


포도아

(obsolete) Portugal (a country in Europe)


엘에이

(informal) LA, Los Angeles (a city in California, United States)


金剛山

Geumgangsan (romanization)
금강산 (hangeul)


만리장성

Mallijangseong (romanization)
萬里長城 (hanja)

[ˈma̠(ː)ʎʎid͡ʑa̠ŋsʰʌ̹ŋ]


日帝

hanja form of 일제 (“Japanese empire (abbreviation); Japanese imperialism”)


아이띠

(North Korea) Haiti (a country in North America)


아메리카 합중국

From 아메리카 (Amerika, “America”) + 합중국(合衆國) (hapjungguk, “United States”).

compound

United States of America (a country in North America)


로국

North Korea standard spelling of 노국 (Noguk).


노국

(obsolete) Russia (a country in Eastern Europe and Asia)


붉은오름

From 붉은 (bulgeun, “red”) + 오름 (oreum, “mountain”).

com

Bulgeunoreum, a volcano in Jeju City, Jeju-do


왕서방

[wa̠ŋsʰʌ̹ba̠ŋ]

왕(王) (Wang, most common surname in China) + 서방(書房) (seobang, “Mister”). Literally "Mister Wang".

compound

(often derogatory) A generic name for a Chinese man


명말청초

ko-proper noun

명말청초 • (Myeongmalcheongcho) (hanja 明末淸初)

Myeongmalcheongcho (romanization)
明末淸初 (hanja)

[mjʌ̹ŋma̠ʎt͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋt͡ɕʰo̞]

Sino-Korean word from 明 (“Ming”) + 末 (“end”) + 淸 (“Qing”) + 初 (“start”)

ko-etym-sino

(historical) the Ming-Qing transition period; the seventeenth century in Chinese history


베스푸치

아메리고 베스푸치
Amerigo beseupuchi
Amerigo Vespucci


스시국

[sʰɯɕʰiɡuk̚]

From 스시 (seusi, “sushi”) + 국(國) (-guk, “country”).

com

(slang, humorous) Synonym of 일본(日本) (Ilbon, “Japan (a country in Asia)”)


光化門

Gwanghwamun (romanization)
광화문 (hangeul)

Gyeongbokgung Palace
w:Gyeongbokgung Palace

hanja form of 광화문 (“Gwanghwamun (main gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace, in Seoul, South Korea)”)


김치국

From 김치 (gimchi, “kimchi”) + 국(國) (-guk, “country”).

compound

(slang, humorous) Synonym of 한국(韓國) (Han'guk, “South Korea (a country in East Asia)”)


일제시대

[iʎt͡ɕ͈e̞ɕʰidɛ]

[iʎt͡ɕ͈e̞ɕʰide̞]

(historical) Japanese occupation period of Korea from 1910 to 1945.


訓蒙字會

Hunmongjahoe (romanization)
훈몽자회 (hangeul)

훈몽자회 훈몽자회#Korean

hanja form of 훈몽자회 (“Collection of Characters for Training the Unenlightened”)


천자문

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑa̠mun]


일제

일본 제국(日本帝國)
일본 제국#Korean

Short for 일본 제국(日本帝國) (Ilbon Jeguk, “Empire of Japan”).


송나라

송(宋) + 나라 (-nara, suffix for Chinese polities).

suffix

(historical) various Chinese polities named 송 (宋, Song), notably:

the Song state, a small ancient kingdom in central China that was destroyed in 286 BCE

the Liu Song, a dynasty that ruled southern China from 420 to 479 CE

the Song, an empire known for its scientific and cultural achievements that ruled most of China between 960 and 1127 and its southern half between 1127 and 1276; this is the usual referent of the term.


임진조국전쟁

ko-pos

임진조국전쟁 • (Imjinjogukjeonjaeng) (hanja 壬辰祖國戰爭)

Imjinjogukjeonjaeng (romanization)
壬辰祖國戰爭 (hanja)

[imd͡ʑiɲd͡ʑo̞ɡuk̚t͡ɕ͈ʌ̹ɲd͡ʑɛŋ]

[imd͡ʑiɲd͡ʑo̞ɡuk̚t͡ɕ͈ʌ̹ɲd͡ʑe̞ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 壬辰 (“twenty-ninth year of the sexagenary cycle; the year 1592”) + 祖國 (“motherland”) + 戰爭 (“war”)

ko-etym-sino

(North Korea) The Japanese invasion of Korea from 1592 to 1598, one of the largest wars of the sixteenth century

(North Korea) More specifically, the first phase of this war that began with a major Japanese offensive in 1592


바이든

조 바이든 ― Jo baideun ― Joe Biden

A transliteration of the English surname Biden.


코란

From English Koran, from Arabic القُرْآنُ (al-qurʔānu).


사마리아

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Σαμάρεια (Samáreia), probably via English Samaria.

Samaria (a historical area in the region of Palestine, mostly in the northern part of the modern West Bank).


주체사상

[t͡ɕut͡ɕʰe̞sʰa̠sʰa̠ŋ]

Juche (the state ideology of North Korea)


태종

[tʰe̞d͡ʑo̞ŋ]

a temple name used for Chinese emperors, Vietnamese emperors, or Korean monarchs


서인

Sino-Korean word from 西人, from 西 (“West”) + 人 (“person”).
The political faction was named as such because they were initially the supporters of the royal in-law Sim Ui-gyeom, who lived in the western part of Seoul.

(historical) a political faction in the Korean court which emerged in a dispute over the appropriate powers of royal in-laws in the 1570s, and which held power for most of the seventeenth century


서울공화국

서울 (Seoul, “Seoul”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”), literally "Republic of Seoul".

compound

(humorous) "Republic of Seoul", a satirical nickname for South Korea criticizing the fact that the country is dominated by the capital, Seoul, to the detriment of the provinces


공안

Sino-Korean word from 公安, from 公 (“public”) + 安 (“safety”).

ko-etym-sino

Gong'an (a county of Jingzhou, Hubei, China)


워싱톤

[wʌ̹ɕʰiŋtʰo̞n]

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 워싱턴 (Wosingteon, “Washington (a state of the United States)”)

[~시(市)] Alternative form of 워싱턴 (Wosingteon, “Washington (the capital city of the United States)”)

Alternative form of 워싱턴 (Wosingteon): a transliteration of the English surname Washington


화성돈

Sino-Korean word from 華盛頓 (“Washington”), an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 華盛頓／华盛顿 (Huáshèngdùn), from English Washington.

zh-l

華盛頓／华盛顿 (Huáshèngdùn)

Obsolete form of 워싱턴 (Wosingteon, “Washington (a state of the United States)”).

워싱턴

Obsolete form of 워싱턴 (Wosingteon, “Washington (the capital city of the United States)”).

워싱턴

화셩돈이 굴긔ᄒᆞ야 모단 부락을 합ᄒᆞ야 강ᄒᆞᆫ 영국을 ᄭᅥᆨ그니 […]

1883, “론공법 (ron'gongbeop)”, in 易(이)言(언) (Ieon), volume 1, page 2a:

[General] Washington rose to unite the colonies and defeat the mighty British Empire.

hwasyeongdon-i gulguihaya modan burag-eul haphaya ganghan Yeonggug-eul kkeokgeuni […]

Obsolete form of 워싱턴 (Wosingteon, “Washington (English surname)”).


성진국

Sino-Korean word from 性 (“sexual”) + 進 (“advanced”) + 國 (“country”), coined due to the phonetic similarity with 선진국 (先進國, seonjin'guk, “developed country”).

ko-l

(humorous, slang, neologism, possibly offensive) Japan


사서오경

Saseoogyeong (romanization)
四書五經 (hanja)

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)sʰʌ̹o̞ɡjʌ̹ŋ]

(Confucianism) Four Books and Five Classics


롤

매일 롤만 하다

(slang, video games) LoL, League of Legends


우렁각시

[uɾʌ̹ŋɡa̠kɕ͈i]

우렁이 (ureong'i, “river snail”) + 각시 (gaksi, “wife”).

compound

a heroine of a Korean folktale, a river snail which falls in love with a human farmer and prepares nightly meals for him while he is asleep


墺地利

hanja form of 오지리 (“Austria (obsolete)”)


토이기어

Sino-Korean word from 土耳其語, from 土耳其 (“Turkey”) + 語 (“language”).

ko-etym-sino

고대토이기어와의비교

1987, 이숭녕 [isungnyeong], “ko:나의 학문편력<12> 이숭녕 박사<전 서울대교수>”, in Maeil Business Newspaper:


西朝鮮灣

Seojoseonman (romanization)
서조선만 (hangeul)

서조선만 서조선만#Korean


마흐디

(Islam) Mahdi (messianic figure in Islam)


조국해방전쟁

ko-pos

조국해방전쟁 • (Jogukhaebangjeonjaeng) (hanja 祖國解放戰爭)

Jogukhaebangjeonjaeng (romanization)
祖國解放戰爭 (hanja)

[t͡ɕo̞ɡuk̚ hɛ(ː)ba̠ŋ t͡ɕɘ(ː)ɲd͡ʑɛŋ]

[t͡ɕo̞ɡuk̚ he̞(ː)ba̠ŋ t͡ɕɘ(ː)ɲd͡ʑe̞ŋ]

조국해(ː)방전(ː)쟁

조국헤(ː)방전(ː)젱

Sino-Korean word from 祖國解放戰爭, from 祖國 (“motherland”) + 解放 (“liberation”) + 戰爭 (“war”).


대동강

[ˈtɛ(ː)do̞ŋɡa̠ŋ]


大同江

Daedonggang (romanization)
대동강 (hangeul)


漢四郡

hanja form of 한사군 (“Four Commanderies of Han”)


두만강

Modern Korean reading of Hanja 豆滿江, presumably from Middle Korean 투먼〮가ᇰ (Thwùmén-kàng), from Jurchen tumәn (“ten thousand”) + 강(江) (gang, “river”).

compound

Tumen River (river marking the northeastern border of Korea)


스카이

From the English reading of the acronym SKY.

Seoul, Korea, and Yonsei Universities, traditionally the three most prestigious universities in South Korea


여여

(historical) Synonym of 유연(柔然) (“the Rouran”)


구석기 시대

Guseokgi sidae (romanization)
舊石器時代 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 舊石器 (“Paleolithic”) + 時代 (“historical age or period”).

ko-etym-sino

(archaeology) Stone Age, Paleolithic period


왜국

Sino-Korean word from 倭國, from 倭 (“Wa”) + 國 (“country”).

(now derogatory, dated or archaic in non-derogatory senses) Japan (country in East Asia)

(historical) Wa (an ancient Japanese kingdom, the first recorded state in Japanese history)


洛東江

Nakdonggang (romanization)
낙동강 (hangeul)


낙동강

[na̠k̚t͈o̞ŋɡa̠ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 洛東江, from 洛 (“toponym”) + 東 (“east”) + 江 (“river”).
The river was anciently most often called 黃山江, modern Korean reading 황산강 (Hwangsan'gang). The modern name first appears in the fifteenth century. Two suggestions have traditionally been proposed as to the first element:
* From 낙양(洛陽), an alternative name of Sangju, a major town on this river. Suggested in Yi Jung-hwan's 택리지/擇里志 Taengniji, 1758, and other Early Modern sources.
* From 가락(駕洛), an alternative name of 가야 (伽倻, Gaya), an ancient ethnic group living west of this river. Suggested in Jeong Yakyong's 아방강역고/我邦疆域考 Abang gang'yeokgo, c. 1812.

the Nakdong River (the longest river entirely in Korea)

낙동강 오리알

loner, outcast; duck's egg on the Nakdong


까히라

bor

اَلْقَاهِرَة

(North Korea) Cairo (the capital of Egypt)


면전

[mjʌ̹ɲd͡ʑʌ̹n]


북아일랜드

북(北) (buk, “Northern”) + 아일랜드 (Aillaendeu, “Ireland”)

com

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English


북마케도니아

북(北) (buk, “north”) + 마케도니아 (Makedonia, “Macedonia”)

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

North Macedonia (a country in Southeast Europe, in the Balkans)


대한국

Sino-Korean word from 大 (“great”) + 漢 (“Han, Han Chinese”) + 國 (“country”).

ko-etym-sino

강남은 대한국 이 나라는 죠선국이신대[…]

1960s, 『바리공주』김포 지역 필사본 [Princess Bari manuscript from Gimpo]:

Jiangnan is the Great Han country, and this land is the Korean country […]

Gangnam-eun daehan'guk i nara-neun joseon'gug-isindae[…]


태평천국

Taepyeongcheon'guk (romanization)
太平天國 (hanja)

[tʰɛpʰjʌ̹ŋt͡ɕʰʌ̹nɡuk̚]

[tʰe̞pʰjʌ̹ŋt͡ɕʰʌ̹nɡuk̚]

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom


濠斯太剌利亞

ko-proper noun

濠斯太剌利亞 • (Hosataerallia) (hangeul 호사태랄리아)

Hosataerallia (romanization)
호사태랄리아 (hangeul)

호사태랄리아 호사태랄리아#Korean

hanja form of 호사태랄리아 (“Australia (obsolete)”)


호사태랄리아

Hosataerallia (romanization)
濠斯太剌利亞 (hanja)

[ɸʷo̞sʰa̠tʰɛɾa̠ʎʎia̠]

[ɸʷo̞sʰa̠tʰe̞ɾa̠ʎʎia̠]

(obsolete) Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)


세존

(Buddhism) the World-Honored One, an honorific name for the Gautama Buddha

(shamanism) an indigenous agricultural deity often associated with the Buddha


체스꼬

[t͡ɕʰe̞sʰɯk͈o̞]

(North Korea) Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe; capital: Prague)


레닌

블라디미르 레닌

Ле́нин Ленин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Ле́нин (Lénin).


푸틴

블라디미르 푸틴 ― Beulladimireu putin ― Vladimir Putin

Пу́тин Путин#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Пу́тин (Pútin).


나발니

알렉세이 나발니 가족과 동료들은 나발니가 살해된 것이라고 주장하고 있습니다.

Alexei Navalny's family and associates claim that Navalny was murdered.

Alleksei Naballi gajok-gwa dongnyo-deur-eun Naballi-ga salhaedoen geos-irago jujanghago itseumnida.

Нава́льный Навальный#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Нава́льный (Naválʹnyj).


훈춘

[ɸʷuɲt͡ɕʰun]

zh-m

琿春／珲春 (Húnchūn)

Hunchun (a county-level city in Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


연길

Yanji (a county-level city in Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


쏘비에트 련방

ko-proper noun

쏘비에트 련방 • (Ssobieteu ryeonbang) (hanja 쏘비에트聯邦)

Ssobieteu ryeonbang (romanization)
쏘비에트聯邦 (hanja)

(North Korea, history) Soviet Union (a former country in Eastern Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)


임진강

⇒ English: Imjin River

→ English: Imjingang

→ Chinese:

zh-l

臨津江／临津江 (Línjīnjiāng)

Mandarin: 臨津江／临津江 (Línjīnjiāng)

Cantonese: 臨津江／临津江 (lam4 zeon1 gong1)

→ Japanese: 臨津江(りんしんこう) (Rinshinkō)

→ Japanese: 臨津江(イムジンカン) (Imujinkan)

⇒ Japanese: イムジン河(がわ) (Imujin-gawa)


계림

a forest in western Gyeongju where the progenitor of the Kim clan, the ruling house of Silla, is said to have descended in a golden chest


니콜라스

A transliteration of the English male given name Nicholas.

A transliteration of the Spanish male given name Nicolás.


프란치스코

[pʰɯɾa̠ɲt͡ɕʰisʰɯkʰo̞]


그레고리오

[kɯɾe̞ɡo̞ɾio̞]

A transliteration of the Italian male given name Gregorio.


영국 해협

ko-proper noun

영국 해협 • (Yeongguk haehyeop) (hanja 英國海峽)

Yeongguk haehyeop (romanization)
英國海峽 (hanja)

[jʌ̹ŋɡuk̚ hɛ(ː)ʝʌ̹p̚]

[jʌ̹ŋɡuk̚ he̞(ː)ʝʌ̹p̚]

Sino-Korean word from 英國 (“English”) + 海峽 (“channel”).

ko-etym-sino

English Channel (a sea in the North Sea)


한나라

한(漢) (han, “Han dynasty”) + 나라 (-nara, suffix for Chinese polities).

suffix

(historical) Han dynasty (Chinese empire between 207 BCE and 220 CE)

(historical) various later Chinese polities with this character, most of them very short-lived; see Han on Wikipedia


한나라

한(韓) (han) + 나라 (-nara, “Han kingdom”, suffix for Chinese polities)

(historical) Han, a major kingdom in the Central Plain during the Warring States period from 403 BCE to 230 BCE


알렉산더

Alexander, the Ancient Greek name most famously held by Alexander the Great

A transliteration of the English male given name Alexander.


타대오

(biblical) Thaddaeus (an apostle of the early Church)


헬레나

A transliteration of the English female given name Helena.


루이

A transliteration of the French male given name Louis.


프리드리히

A transliteration of the German male given name Friedrich.


루이스

A transliteration of the English male given name Louis.

A transliteration of the English male given name Luis.

A transliteration of the Spanish male given name Luis.


윌리엄

A transliteration of the English male given name William.


한국전쟁

Han'gukjeonjaeng (romanization)
韓國戰爭 (hanja)

[ˈha̠(ː)nɡuk̚ t͡ɕɘ(ː)ɲd͡ʑɛŋ]

[ˈha̠(ː)nɡuk̚ t͡ɕɘ(ː)ɲd͡ʑe̞ŋ]


육이오전쟁

Yugiojeonjaeng (romanization)
六二五戰爭 (hanja)

[juɡio̞ t͡ɕɘ(ː)ɲd͡ʑɛŋ]

[juɡio̞ t͡ɕɘ(ː)ɲd͡ʑe̞ŋ]


궁예

Modern Korean reading of Hanja 弓裔, which was probably the transcription of some now-lost Old Korean name.

(historical) a king of north-central Korea in the early tenth century who believed he possessed the supernatural ability to read minds, killing many innocent people out of paranoia


삼척

[sʰa̠mt͡ɕʰʌ̹k̚]

Sino-Korean word from 三陟, from 三 (“three”) + 陟 (“advance”). Coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla as part of the toponymic Sinicization reform of 757. This was presumably an adaptation of 실직 (悉直, Siljik), the ancient Old Korean name for the town.

coin

Samcheok (a coastal city in Gangwon Province, South Korea)


춘천

[t͡ɕʰuɲt͡ɕʰʌ̹n]

Sino-Korean word from 春川, from 春 (“springtime”) + 川 (“stream”). Renamed in 1413 from earlier 춘주 (春州, Chunju), as part of an administrative policy to reserve the character 州 (ju, “province”) for the largest towns only. The name 춘주 (春州, Chunju) was itself coined in an administrative rearrangement in 940, and appears to be of unclear provenance.

ko-etym-sino

Gangwon Province
Gangwon Province#English

[~시(市)] Chuncheon (the capital city of Gangwon Province, South Korea)


蓋馬高原

Gaemagowon (romanization)
개마고원 (hangeul)

개마고원 개마고원#Korean


령서

North Korea standard form of 영서 (yeongseo, “Yeongseo”).


령동

North Korea standard form of 영동 (yeongdong, “Yeongdong”).


대원군

Sino-Korean word from 大院 (“great mansion”) + 君 (“lord”).
The Heungseon Daewongun—one of the most important figures in modern Korean history—was the only person in Korean dynastic history to hold this position in life (the other holders were accorded the title posthumously), and the word is almost always used in reference to him.

the Heungseon Daewongun, de facto ruler of Korea between 1863 and 1873 and major political figure until his death in 1898, both celebrated for his domestic reforms and criticized for his isolationist foreign policy


개마고원

Sino-Korean word from 개마(蓋馬) (Gaema, “Kaema (ancient chiefdom)”) + 고원(高原) (gowon, “plateau”).

Kaema Plateau (a highland in North Korea)


妙香山

Myohyangsan (romanization)
묘향산 (hangeul)


묘향산

Mount Myohyang (a mountain in North Korea)


빅토르

A transliteration of the French male given name Victor.


로베르트

[ɾo̞be̞ɾɯtʰɯ]

A transliteration of the German male given name Robert.


淸川江

Cheongcheon'gang (romanization)
청천강 (hangeul)


청천강

Cheongcheon'gang (romanization)
淸川江 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋt͡ɕʰʌ̹nɡa̠ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 淸川江, from 淸 (“clear”) + 川 (“stream”) + 江 (“river”).

Chongchon River (a river in North Korea)


종횡가

[t͡ɕo̞ŋβwe̞ŋɡa̠]

[t͡ɕo̞ŋɦø̞ŋɡa̠]


엘리자베스

[e̞ʎʎid͡ʑa̠be̞sʰɯ]

A transliteration of the English female given name Elizabeth.


데니스

A transliteration of the English male given name Dennis.


제니

A transliteration of the English female given name Jenny or Jennie.


제인

A transliteration of the English female given name Jane.


조지

A transliteration of the English male given name George.


필립

A transliteration of the English male given name Philip.

A transliteration of the French male given name Philippe.


南阿共

hanja form of 남아공 (“Republic of South Africa”)


朝鮮東海

Joseondonghae (romanization)
조선동해 (hangeul)

조선동해 조선동해#Korean

hanja form of 조선동해 (“(North Korea) Sea of Japan”)


조선동해

Joseondonghae (romanization)
朝鮮東海 (hanja)

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹ndo̞ŋɦɛ]

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹ndo̞ŋɦe̞]


철의 장막

ko-proper noun

철의 장막 • (Cheor-ui jangmak) (hanja 鐵의 帳幕)

Cheor-ui jangmak (romanization)
鐵의 帳幕 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɾɰi t͡ɕa̠ŋma̠k̚]

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɾe̞ t͡ɕa̠ŋma̠k̚]

철(鐵) (cheol, “iron”) + 의 (-ui, genitive marker) + 장막(帳幕) (jangmak, “curtain”). Calque of English Iron Curtain.


제주특별자치도

ko-pos

제주특별자치도 • (Jejuteukbyeoljachido) (hanja 濟州特別自治道)

Jejuteukbyeoljachido (romanization)
濟州特別自治道 (hanja)

[ˈt͡ɕe̞(ː)d͡ʑutʰɯk̚p͈jʌ̹ʎd͡ʑa̠t͡ɕʰido̞]

[제(ː)주특뼐자치도]


쏘비에트 사회주의 공화국 련방

ko-proper noun

쏘비에트社會主義共和國聯邦

쏘비에트 사회주의 공화국 련방 • (Ssobieteu sahoejuui gonghwaguk ryeonbang) (hanja 쏘비에트社會主義共和國聯邦)

쏘비에트社會主義共和國聯邦 (hanja)

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics#English

(North Korea, history) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (a former country in Eastern Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)


濟州特別自治道

ko-pos

濟州特別自治道 • (Jejuteukbyeoljachido) (hangeul 제주특별자치도)

Jejuteukbyeoljachido (romanization)
제주특별자치도 (hangeul)

제주특별자치도 제주특별자치도#Korean

hanja form of 제주특별자치도 (“Jeju Special Self-Governing Province”)


소비에트 사회주의 공화국 연방

ko-proper noun

소비에트社會主義共和國聯邦

소비에트 사회주의 공화국 연방 • (Sobieteu sahoejuui gonghwaguk yeonbang) (hanja 소비에트社會主義共和國聯邦)

Sobieteu sahoejuui gonghwaguk yeonbang (romanization)
소비에트社會主義共和國聯邦 (hanja)

[sʰo̞bie̞tʰɯ sʰa̠βwe̞d͡ʑuɰi ko̞(ː)ŋβwa̠ɡuk̚ jʌ̹nba̠ŋ]

[sʰo̞bie̞tʰɯ sʰa̠ɦø̞d͡ʑuɰi ko̞(ː)ŋβwa̠ɡuk̚ jʌ̹nba̠ŋ]

[sʰo̞bie̞tʰɯ sʰa̠ɦø̞d͡ʑui ko̞(ː)ŋβwa̠ɡuk̚ jʌ̹nba̠ŋ]

소비에트사훼주의공(ː)화국연방

소비에트사회주의공(ː)화국연방

소비에트사회주이공(ː)화국연방

/소비에트사훼주의공(ː)화국연방/

소비에트 (sobieteu) + 사회주의(社會主義) (sahoejuui) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk) + 연방(聯邦) (yeonbang).

com

쏘비에트 사회주의 공화국 련방

Ssobieteu sahoejuui gonghwaguk ryeonbang

(South Korea, history) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (a former country in Eastern Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)


우리 나라

우리나라 우리나라#Korean

North Korea and Yanbian standard spelling of 우리나라 (Urinara, literally “our country”).


청구

Sino-Korean word from 靑 (“green, blue”) + 丘 (“hill”) / 邱 (“hill”).

ko-etym-sino

(historical, dated) Cheonggu (an historical name for Korea)


홍대

홍익대학교 w:ko:홍익대학교

Short for 홍익대학교 (hong'ikdaehakgyo, “Hongik University”).


캐서린

[kʰɛsʰʌ̹ɾin]

A transliteration of the English female given name Catherine.


샤먼

zh-l

廈門／厦门 (Xiàmén)

Xiamen (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city in Fujian, in southeastern China)


부활주일

Sino-Korean word from 復活 (“resurrection”) + 主日 (“Sunday”).


옥황상제

Okhwangsangje (romanization)
玉皇上帝 (hanja)

[o̞kʰwa̠ŋsʰa̠ŋd͡ʑe̞]

(Chinese mythology, folklore) Jade Emperor


헥토르

(Greek mythology) Hector, the Trojan prince and hero in Homer's Iliad


국제가

Sino-Korean word from 國際歌, from 國際 (“international”) + 歌 (“song”).


조한

Sino-Korean word from 朝 (“short for 조선 (朝鮮, Joseon)”) + 漢 (“Han Chinese”).


누나부트

[~준주(準州)] Nunavut (a territory of Canada)


노스웨스트 준주

[노쓰웨스트준(ː)주]

Partial calque of English Northwest Territories, from English northwest + 준주(準州) (junju, “territory”).

com

Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories#English

Northwest Territories (a territory of Canada)


합서

Alternative form of 협서(陜西) (Hyeopseo, “Shaanxi (proscribed, nonstandard)”).


협서

Sino-Korean word from 陜西, from a misreading of the hanja 陝 (seom) for the visually nearly identical 陜 (hyeop).

(proscribed) Nonstandard form of 섬서(陝西) (Seomseo, “Shaanxi (a province of China)”).


푸코

A transliteration of the French surname Foucault.

(in particular) Michel Foucault, French philosopher


알라신

[a̠ɭɭa̠ɕʰin]

알라 (Alla, “Allah”) + 신(神) (sin, “god”), literally “the god Allah”, out of the misconception that Muslims worship a specific god named Allah when in reality اللّٰه (allāh) is simply the Arabic word for any monotheistic God.

compound

(proscribed but common) Allah (the Islamic god)


시알코트

[ɕʰia̠ɭkʰo̞tʰɯ]

Sialkot (a city in Sialkot district, Punjab, Pakistan)


나그푸르

[na̠ɡɯpʰuɾɯ]

Nagpur (a large city, the winter capital of Maharashtra, India)


判官記

Pan'gwan'gi (romanization)
판관기 (hangeul)


토이기

Sino-Korean word from 土耳其. Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí).

zh-l

土耳其 (Tǔ'ěrqí)

튀르키예 튀르키예#Korean

(now only Yanbian, archaic in the Koreas) Synonym of 튀르키예 (Twireukiye, “Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)”).


예기

The Book of Rites or Classic of Rites (a classic Confucian text describing the social forms, administration, and ceremonial rites of the Zhou dynasty)


분서갱유

Bunseogaeng'yu (romanization)
焚書坑儒 (hanja)

"Burning of books and burying of scholars", anti-intellectual event during the Qin Dynasty


서경

Classic of History (a collection of documents and speeches alleged to have been written by rulers and officials of the early Zhou Dynasty and before)


제자백가

[t͡ɕe̞d͡ʑa̠bɛk̚k͈a̠]


악경

[a̠k̚k͈jʌ̹ŋ]

Classic of Music (Confucian classic text lost by the time of the Han dynasty)


강희자전

Ganghuijajeon (romanization)
康熙字典 (hanja)

[ka̠ŋʝid͡ʑa̠d͡ʑʌ̹n]

the Kangxi Dictionary (dictionary and cross reference of Chinese characters, first published in 1716 at the behest of the Kangxi emperor, and used to the present day).


동궁

Sino-Korean word from 冬宮, from 冬 (“winter”) + 宮 (“palace”).

ko-etym-sino

겨울궁전 겨울궁전#Korean

Synonym of 겨울궁전 (gyeoulgungjeon, “Winter Palace”).


아산

Sino-Korean word from 牙山, renamed in 1413 from earlier 아주 (牙州, Aju) as part of an administrative reform to reserve the character 州 (ju) for larger towns only. 아주 (牙州, Aju) was itself a sinicization of 牙述 (MC ngae zywit), the ancient Baekje name for the place.

South Chungcheong
South Chungcheong#English

Asan (a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea)


우파

Ufa (the capital and largest city of Bashkortostan, Russia)


인도유럽어족

인도(印度) (indo, “India”) + 유럽 (yureop, “Europe”) + 어족(語族) (eojok, “language family”).


인구어족

Sino-Korean word from 印歐 (“Indo-European”) + 語族 (“language family”).

ko-etym-sino

인도유럽어족 인도유럽어족#Korean

Synonym of 인도유럽어족 (Indoyureobeojok, “Indo-European languages”).


인구어계

Sino-Korean word from 印歐語系, from 印歐 (“Indo-European”) + 語系 (“language family”).

인도유럽어족 인도유럽어족#Korean

(rare) Synonym of 인도유럽어족 (Indoyureobeojok, “Indo-European languages”).


巨文島

hanja form of 거문도 (“Geomundo; Komundo; Port Hamilton”)


거문도

Li Hongzhang
Port Hamilton incident
Qing dynasty

Sino-Korean word from 巨文島, from 巨 (“great”) + 文 (“learning”) + 島 (“island”). Until the late nineteenth century, the islands were simply called 삼도 (三島, Samdo, “three islands”). At least on the level of the central government, the name change appears to have been influenced by the new name being used by Qing China during the 1885—1887 Geomundo crisis.
According to local oral history, the current name was coined by Chinese admiral Ding Ruchang in 1885 during a conversation with a certain local village leader, who impressed him with his knowledge of 文言 (wényán, “Literary Chinese”) despite living in such a desolate area.
However, in an 1885 letter to the Korean court, Li Hongzhang refers to the islands both as 거문도 (巨文島, Geomundo) and as the semantically meaningless 거마도 (巨磨島, Geomado), which suggests that the oral history is simply a folk etymology and the name is actually a transcription of a Korean word. This is probably 검은 (geomeun, “black”), as there are a group of rocks called 백도 (白島, Baekdo, “white islands”) not far from Geomundo.

coinage

Geomundo (a small group of islands in the Jeju Strait off the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula)

the largest island in this group, more often called 고도(古島) (Godo)


연평도

Sino-Korean word from 延坪島, from 延坪 (“extended plain”) + 島 (“island”). Attested since the 1451 Goryeosa. In early sources, the second character was sometimes 平 (pyeong) rather than 坪 (pyeong).

ko-etym-sino

Yeonpyeong Island, Yeonpyeongdo (a group of South Korean islands in the Yellow Sea)


옹진

Sino-Korean word from 甕津, variant (first attested in the eleventh century) of the ancient pseudo-Goguryeo toponym 甕遷 (MC 'uwngH tshjen), of unknown meaning.

Ongjin (a county of Incheon Metropolitan City, South Korea)

Ongjin (a county of South Hwanghae Province, North Korea)


延坪島

Yeonpyeongdo (romanization)
연평도 (hangeul)

hanja form of 연평도 (“Yeonpyeong Island; Yeonpyeongdo”)


철원

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɾwʌ̹n]

Sino-Korean word from 鐵原.
Ultimately from the Goguryeo administrative unit 철원 (鐵圓, Cheorwon) in the same region, itself a more Sinitic-looking rewriting of a native place name now read in Sino-Korean as 모을동비 (毛乙冬非, mo'euldongbi). The first element of the native name (毛乙), a hunju-eumjong writing of the ancestor of Middle Korean 털 (Yale: thel, “hair”), was rewritten by a phonogramic 鐵 (MC thet).

Cheorwon (a county of Gangwon Province, South Korea)

Chorwon (a county of Kangwon Province, North Korea)


횡성

[ɸwe̞ŋsʰʌ̹ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 橫城, from 橫 (“cutting crosswise”) + 城 (“castle”).
From earlier 횡천 (橫川, Hoengcheon, “stream cutting crosswise”), in reference to the course of the Seom River in the region. This is a Sinitic calque of the native pseudo-Goguryeo toponym 於斯買 (MC 'jo|'u sje meaX), which appears to be a Koreanic-Japonic compound: compare Korean 엇 (eos-, “cutting crosswise”, prefix), Proto-Japonic *me (“water”).
The modern name was introduced in the fifteenth century because the original name was confused with the similarly pronounced and neighboring county of 홍천 (洪川, Hongcheon).

cog

Hoengseong (a county of Gangwon Province, South Korea)

Placename glosses in the Samguk sagi
Seom River


백두

→ English: Paektu

백두혈통 ― baekduhyeoltong ― the Paektu bloodline

백두령장

백두의 넋을 이어 빛나는 내 조국 두렴 몰라라.

1961, “세상에 부럼없어라 (Sesang'e bureomeopseora) [We have nothing to envy in this world]”, 집체(集體) (jipche, “collective work”) (lyrics):

My glorious fatherland, inheriting the Paektu spirit, fears nothing.

Baekdu-ui neoks-eul ieo binnaneun nae joguk duryeom mollara.

백두산(白頭山) 백두산#Korean

Short for 백두산(白頭山) (Baekdusan, “Paektu Mountain (on the China-North Korea border)”).


방글라데슈

[pa̠ŋɡɯɭɭa̠de̞ɕʰu]

(North Korea) Bangladesh (a country in Asia)


光復節

Gwangbokjeol (romanization)
광복절 (hangeul)

hanja form of 광복절 (“National Liberation Day of Korea”)


주작

Sino-Korean word from 朱雀 (“Vermilion Bird”).

ko-etym-sino

Chinese constellations
w:Chinese constellations

Vermilion Bird (one of the Four Symbols in the Chinese constellations)


범천

[pʌ̹mt͡ɕʰʌ̹n]


영연방

Yeong'yeonbang (romanization)
英聯邦 (hanja)

[jʌ̹ŋɲʌ̹nba̠ŋ]

Commonwealth of Nations
Commonwealth of Nations


화란

Sino-Korean word from 和蘭, an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 和蘭 (Oranda).

obor

네덜란드 네덜란드#Korean

(dated) Synonym of 네덜란드 (Nedeollandeu, “Netherlands (a country in Europe)”)


트력제

[tʰɯɾjʌ̹k̚t͡ɕ͈e̞]

Blend of 트럼프 (Teureompeu, “Trump”) + 만력제(萬曆帝) (Mallyeokje, “Wanli Emperor”, sixteenth-century Chinese ruler).
Primarily coined because Trump's rapprochement efforts with North Korea were positively compared to the emperor's extensive mobilization of Chinese forces to support Korea during an immense Japanese invasion, but for some people, it may also sarcastically allude to the Wanli emperor's notorious incompetence in governing his own country.

blend

Imjin war
Wanli Emperor
Wanli Emperor#Late reign (1600–1620)


서왕모

(Chinese religion, Chinese mythology) Queen Mother of the West (goddess)


끼예브

(North Korea) Kyiv (the capital city of Ukraine)


장자

[t͡ɕa̠ŋd͡ʑa̠]

the Zhuangzi (book of philosophy attributed to Zhuangzi)


버뮤다

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


벨지끄

(North Korea) Belgium (a country in Europe)


라마야나

Learned borrowing from Classical Sanskrit रामायण (rāmāyaṇa).


석존

[sʰʌ̹k̚t͡ɕ͈o̞n]

석존 출가의 과제였던 중생고(衆生苦) 생사고(生死苦)가 연기에 의한 것[…]

2009, 해주스님 [haejuseunim], “연기(緣起)의 법칙 [yeon'giui beopchik]”, in Bulkwang Media:

[…] that the question for which the honored Shakyamuni carried out his renunciation, the suffering of the sentient beings and the suffering of the living and the dying, is caused by dependent origination.

(Buddhism, honorific) the honored Shakyamuni (i.e. the historical Buddha)


釋尊

hanja form of 석존 (“(honorific, Buddhism) the honored Shakyamuni (the historical Buddha)”)


구미

Gumi (a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


발트해

[pa̠ɭtʰɯɦe̞]


오호츠크해

Ohocheukeuhae (romanization)
오호츠크海 (hanja)

[o̞βo̞t͡ɕʰɯkxɯɦɛ]

[o̞βo̞t͡ɕʰɯkxɯɦe̞]

오호츠크 (Ohocheukeu, “Okhotsk”) + 해(海) (hae, “sea”).


동중국해

Dongjunggukhae (romanization)
東中國海 (hanja)

[to̞ŋd͡ʑuŋɡukʰɛ]


남중국해

Namjunggukhae (romanization)
南中國海 (hanja)


을해자

[ɯɾɦe̞d͡ʑa̠]

Sino-Korean word from 乙亥 (“1455”) + 字 (“character”).

ko-etym-sino

(typography, Korean history) "1455 type", a Joseon-era set of movable bronze type


가티노

[~시(市)] Gatineau (a city in Quebec, Canada)


노바스코샤

[~주(州)] Nova Scotia (a province of Canada)


앨버타

[e̞ɭbʌ̹tʰa̠]


뉴브런즈윅

[ɲubɯɾʌ̹ɲd͡ʑɯɥik̚]

[ɲubɯɾʌ̹ɲd͡ʑɯyk̚]

[~주(州)] New Brunswick (a province of Canada)


서스캐처원

[s͈ʌ̹sʰɯkʰɛt͡ɕʰʌ̹wʌ̹n]

[s͈ʌ̹sʰɯkʰe̞t͡ɕʰʌ̹wʌ̹n]

[~주(州)] Saskatchewan (a province of Canada)


알버타

[a̠ɭbʌ̹tʰa̠]

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 앨버타 (Aelbeota, “Alberta (a province of Canada)”)


핼리팩스

[hɛʎʎipʰɛks͈ɯ]

[~시(市)] Halifax (the capital city of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada)


마니토바

매니토바 매니토바#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 매니토바 (Maenitoba, “Manitoba (a province of Canada)”)


프린스에드워드아일랜드

[pʰɯɾins͈ɯe̞dɯwʌ̹dɯa̠iɭɭɛndɯ]

[pʰɯɾins͈ɯe̞dɯwʌ̹dɯa̠iɭɭe̞ndɯ]

Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island#English

[~주(州)] Prince Edward Island (a province of Canada)


퀘벡

From English Quebec, from French Québec.

[~시(市)] Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


뉴펀들랜드 래브라도

ko-proper noun

뉴펀들랜드 래브라도 • (Nyupeondeullaendeu raebeurado)

[ɲupʰʌ̹ndɯɭɭɛndɯ ɾɛbɯɾa̠do̞]

[ɲupʰʌ̹ndɯɭɭe̞ndɯ ɾe̞bɯɾa̠do̞]

From English Newfoundland + Labrador, equivalent to 뉴펀들랜드 (Nyupeondeullaendeu, “Newfoundland”) + 래브라도 (Raebeurado, “Labrador”).

com

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

[~주(州)] Newfoundland and Labrador (a province of Canada)


브리티시컬럼비아

[pɯɾitʰiɕʰikʰʌ̹ɭɭʌ̹mbia̠]

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

[~주(州)] British Columbia (a province of Canada)


버몬트

[~주(州)] Vermont (a state of the United States)


코네티컷

[~주(州)] Connecticut (a state of the United States)


매사추세츠

[mɛsʰa̠t͡ɕʰusʰe̞t͡ɕʰɯ]

[me̞sʰa̠t͡ɕʰusʰe̞t͡ɕʰɯ]

[~주(州)] Massachusetts (a state of the United States)


뉴저지

[ɲud͡ʑʌ̹d͡ʑi]

[~주(州)] New Jersey (a state of the United States)


뉴햄프셔

[ɲuɦɛmpʰɯɕʰʌ̹]

[ɲuɦe̞mpʰɯɕʰʌ̹]

[~주(州)] New Hampshire (a state of the United States)


펜실베이니아

[~주(州)] Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)


펜실베니아

펜실베이니아 펜실베이니아#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 펜실베이니아 (Pensilbeinia, “Pennsylvania (a state of the United States)”)


델러웨어

[te̞ɭɭʌ̹we̞ʌ̹]

델라웨어 델라웨어#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 델라웨어 (Dellaweeo, “Delaware (a state of the United States)”)


매릴랜드

[mɛɾiɭɭɛndɯ]

메릴랜드 메릴랜드#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 메릴랜드 (Merillaendeu, “Maryland (a state of the United States)”)


미시건

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 미시간 (Misigan, “Michigan (a state of the United States)”)


인디아나

인디애나 인디애나#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 인디애나 (Indiaena, “Indiana (a state of the United States)”)


노스캐럴라이나

[no̞s͈ɯkʰɛɾʌ̹ɭɭa̠ina̠]

[no̞s͈ɯkʰe̞ɾʌ̹ɭɭa̠ina̠]

노스캐롤라이나 노스캐롤라이나#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 노스캐롤라이나 (Noseukaerollaina, “North Carolina (a state of the United States)”)


테니시

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 테네시 (Tenesi, “Tennessee (a state of the United States)”)


사우스캐럴라이나

[sʰa̠us͈ɯkʰɛɾʌ̹ɭɭa̠ina̠]

[sʰa̠us͈ɯkʰe̞ɾʌ̹ɭɭa̠ina̠]

사우스캐롤라이나 사우스캐롤라이나#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 사우스캐롤라이나 (Sauseukaerollaina, “South Carolina (a state of the United States)”)


앨러배마

[ɛɭɭʌ̹bɛma̠]

[e̞ɭɭʌ̹be̞ma̠]

앨라배마 앨라배마#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 앨라배마 (Aellabaema, “Alabama (a state of the United States)”)


죠지아

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 조지아 (Jojia, “Georgia (a state of the United States)”)


앨러바마

[ɛɭɭʌ̹ba̠ma̠]

[e̞ɭɭʌ̹ba̠ma̠]

앨라배마 앨라배마#Korean


알라바마

앨라배마 앨라배마#Korean


앨라바마

앨라배마 앨라배마#Korean


미시소거

[miɕ͈isʰo̞ɡʌ̹]

미시사가 미시사가#Korean

[~시(市)] Alternative form of 미시사가 (Misisaga, “Mississauga (a city in Ontario, Canada)”)


미시사가

[~시(市)] Mississauga (a city in Ontario, Canada)


알라배마

앨라배마 앨라배마#Korean


루이지아나

루이지애나 루이지애나#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 루이지애나 (Ru'ijiaena, “Louisiana (a state of the United States)”)


미시소가

미시사가 미시사가#Korean


위스컨신

[ɥisʰɯkʰʌ̹nɕʰin]

위스콘신 위스콘신#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 위스콘신 (Wiseukonsin, “Wisconsin (a state of the United States)”)


뉴멕시코

[~주(州)] New Mexico (a state of the United States)


네브라스카

네브래스카 네브래스카#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 네브래스카 (Nebeuraeseuka, “Nebraska (a state of the United States)”)


몬타나

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 몬태나 (Montaena, “Montana (a state of the United States)”)


오레건

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 오리건 (Origeon, “Oregon (a state of the United States)”)


아리조나

애리조나 애리조나#Korean

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 애리조나 (Aerijona, “Arizona (a state of the United States)”)


캔사스

[~주(州)] Alternative form of 캔자스 (Kaenjaseu, “Kansas (a state of the United States)”)


밴쿠버

[~시(市)] Vancouver (a seaport, the largest city in British Columbia, Canada)


화이트호스

[ɸwa̠itʰɯβo̞s͈ɯ]

[~시(市)] Whitehorse (the capital city of Yukon, Canada)


리자이나

[~시(市)] Regina (the capital city of Saskatchewan, Canada)


세인트존스

[~시(市)] St. John's (the capital city of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada)


옐로나이프

[~시(市)] Yellowknife (the capital city of the Northwest Territories, Canada)


이칼루이트

[~시(市)] Iqaluit (the capital city of Nunavut, Canada)


프레더릭턴

[pʰɯɾe̞dʌ̹ɾik̚tʰʌ̹n]

[~시(市)] Fredericton (the capital city of New Brunswick, Canada)


샬럿타운

[ɕʰa̠ɭɭʌ̹t̚tʰa̠un]

[~시(市)] Charlottetown (the capital city of Prince Edward Island, Canada)


에드먼턴

[~시(市)] Edmonton (the capital city of Alberta, Canada)


위니펙

[~시(市)] Winnipeg (the capital city of Manitoba, Canada)


명조

[mjʌ̹ŋd͡ʑo̞]


델라웨어

[te̞ɭɭa̠we̞ʌ̹]

[~주(州)] Delaware (a state of the United States)


웨스트버지니아

[~주(州)] West Virginia (a state of the United States)


노스캐롤라이나

[no̞s͈ɯkʰɛɾo̞ɭɭa̠ina̠]

[~주(州)] North Carolina (a state of the United States)


아칸소

[~주(州)] Arkansas (a state of the United States)


플로리다

[pʰɯɭɭo̞ɾida̠]

[~주(州)] Florida (a state of the United States)


켄터키

[~주(州)] Kentucky (a state of the United States)

켄터키 프라이드 치킨
켄터키 프라이드 치킨#Korean

Clipping of 켄터키 프라이드 치킨 (kenteoki peuraideu chikin, “Kentucky Fried Chicken”).


위스콘신

[~주(州)] Wisconsin (a state of the United States)


네브래스카

[ne̞bɯɾɛsʰɯkʰa̠]

[~주(州)] Nebraska (a state of the United States)


알래스카

[a̠ɭɭɛsʰɯkʰa̠]

[a̠ɭɭe̞sʰɯkʰa̠]

[~주(州)] Alaska (a state of the United States)


노스다코타

[~주(州)] North Dakota (a state of the United States)


와이오밍

[~주(州)] Wyoming (a state of the United States)


콜로라도

[kʰo̞ɭɭo̞ɾa̠do̞]

[~주(州)] Colorado (a state of the United States)


사우스다코타

[~주(州)] South Dakota (a state of the United States)


아이다호

[~주(州)] Idaho (a state of the United States)


아이오와

[~주(州)] Iowa (a state of the United States)


하와이

[~주(州)] Hawaii (a state of the United States)


사우스캐롤라이나

[sʰa̠us͈ɯkʰɛɾo̞ɭɭa̠ina̠]

[~주(州)] South Carolina (a state of the United States)


캘리포니아

[~주(州)] California (a state of the United States)


캔자스

[kʰɛɲd͡ʑa̠s͈ɯ]

[kʰe̞ɲd͡ʑa̠s͈ɯ]

[~주(州)] Kansas (a state of the United States)


미네소타

[~주(州)] Minnesota (a state of the United States)


인디애나

[~주(州)] Indiana (a state of the United States)


몬태나

[~주(州)] Montana (a state of the United States)


애리조나

[~주(州)] Arizona (a state of the United States)


미시시피

[~주(州)] Mississippi (a state of the United States)


오클라호마

[~주(州)] Oklahoma (a state of the United States)


유타

[~주(州)] Utah (a state of the United States)


텍사스

[~주(州)] Texas (a state of the United States)


벨뷰

[~시(市)] Bellevue (a city in Washington, United States)


린우드

[~시(市)] Lynnwood (a city in Washington, United States)


켄트

[~시(市)] Kent (a city in Washington, United States)


페더럴웨이

[pʰe̞dʌ̹ɾʌ̹ɾwe̞i]

(more common) [~시(市)] Federal Way (a city in Washington, United States)


훼드럴웨이

[ɸwe̞dɯɾʌ̹ɾwe̞i]

(less common) [~시(市)] Federal Way (a city in Washington, United States)


타코마

(more common) [~시(市)] Tacoma (a city in Washington, United States)


쇼라인

(less common) [~시(市)] Shoreline (a city in Washington, United States)


쇼어라인

[ɕʰoʌ̹ɾa̠in]

(more common) [~시(市)] Shoreline (a city in Washington, United States)


테네시

[~주(州)] Tennessee (a state of the United States)


마고

(Chinese mythology) Magu, an immortal woman

(Korean folklore) [~할미] Mago, a primordial giantess


염라

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Korean mythology) [~왕(王), 대왕(大王)] Yama (god of the underworld)


提婆達多

제바달다 제바달다#Korean

hanja form of 제바달다 (“Devadatta (cousin and enemy of the Buddha)”)


平安道

Pyeong'ando (romanization)
평안도 (hangeul)


평안도

Sino-Korean word from 平安道, from 平 (“Pyeongyang”) + 安 (“Anju”) + 道 (“province”)

ko-etym-sino

Holonym: 팔도(八道) (Paldo)

(historical) Pyeongan, P'yŏngan (a province of Korea)


누르술탄

Nur-Sultan (former name of Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan).


양산

Sino-Korean word from 梁山.
Renamed in 1413 from earlier 양주 (梁州, Yangju) in order to restrict the use of the character 주 (州, ju, “district”) to large and important towns, replacing it with 산 (山, san, “hill, mountain”). 양주 (梁州, Yangju) was itself an orthographic renaming in 940 of former 양주 (良州, Yangju), short for the Silla placename 삽량주 (揷良州, Samnyangju) which was adopted in 665 CE.

South Gyeongsang
South Gyeongsang#English

[~시(市)] Yangsan (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


송자

[ˈsʰo̞(ː)ŋd͡ʑa̠]

Sino-Korean word from 宋子 (“Master Song”).

송시열(宋時烈) w:ko:송시열

Honorific title of 송시열(宋時烈) (Song Siyeol, “Song Si-yeol”).


안도라라베야

Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella#English

Andorra la Vella (the capital city of Andorra)


함경도

Sino-Korean word from 咸 (“Hamheung”) + 鏡 (“Gyeongseong”) + 道 (“province”)

Holonym: 팔도(八道) (Paldo)

(historical) Hamgyeong, Hamgyŏng (a province of Korea)


충청도

Chungcheongdo (romanization)
忠淸道 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰuŋt͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋdo̞]

Sino-Korean word from 忠 (“Chungju”) + 淸 (“Cheongju”) + 道 (“province”)

Holonym: 팔도(八道) (Paldo)

(historical) Chungcheong, Ch'ungch'ŏng (a province of Korea)


황해도

[ɸwa̠ŋɦɛdo̞]

Sino-Korean word from 黃 (“Hwangju”) + 海 (“Haeju”) + 道 (“province”)

Holonym: 팔도(八道) (Paldo)

(historical) Hwanghae (a province of Korea)


아방궁

Sino-Korean word from 阿房宮, from 阿房 (“Efang”) + 宮 (“palace”).

(historical) Epang Palace (palace complex of Qin Shihuang, first emperor of China)


에서

bor

Hebrew עֵשָׂו (ʿēśāw)


광복절

[kwa̠ŋbo̞k̚t͡ɕ͈ʌ̹ɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 光復節, from 光復 (“restoration”) + 節 (“day”)

ko-etym-Sino

National Liberation Day of Korea (August 15), a holiday in both North and South Korea, marking the end of Japanese colonial rule


나사로

From Ancient Greek Λάζαρος (Lázaros), from Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר.

der

Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר


바두쯔

(North Korea) Vaduz (the capital of Liechtenstein)


즁국

고통스러운 생활속으 견지지 못해서 돈버니 하다 즁국에 간다는 (사람들은).... 그 환경 봤디.

2017 February 12, 심범극, “아리랑 부르며 건넌 두만강 [arirang bureumyeo geonneon duman'gang]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 길림성 연변조선족자치주 도문시 [gillimseong yeonbyeonjoseonjokjachiju domunsi]:

Those people who couldn't endure the pains of living [in Korea] and had gone to China to earn money... they saw the scene unfold.

Yukjin form of 중국(中國) (Jungguk, “China”)


오스만 제국

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

(historical) Ottoman Empire (a former empire in Southeastern Europe and Asia and Northern Africa)


기묘

The sixteenth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Earth Rabbit" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


嶠南

hanja form of 교남 (“Synonym of 영남(嶺南) (Yeongnam, “Yeongnam”)”)


나전

Sino-Korean word from 羅甸, orthographic borrowing from Japanese 羅甸 (Raten).

obor

(dated) Alternative form of 라틴 (Ratin, “Latin”)


벳남

(South Korea) Vietnam (a country in Asia)


에든버러

[e̞dɯnbʌ̹ɾʌ̹]

Edinburgh (the capital city of Scotland)


무신

(historical) government official serving a military and war


무신

The forty-fifth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Earth Monkey" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


이북

Sino-Korean word from 以北 (“to the north of”).


문경

North Gyeongsang
North Gyeongsang#English

Mungyeong (a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


론

론 위즐리 ― ron Wijeulli ― Ron Weasley

A transliteration of the English male given name Ron.


메디케어

Medicare (health insurance program in the United States)


오바마케어

ObamaCare (healthcare plan in the United States)


日本書紀

Ilbonseogi (romanization)
일본서기 (hangeul)

일본서기 일본서기#Korean

hanja form of 일본서기 (“The Chronicles of Japan”)


청도

[ˈt͡ɕʰɘ(ː)ŋdo̞]

Qingdao (a major prefecture-level city and subprovincial city in eastern Shandong, in eastern China)


주노

Juneau (the capital city of Alaska, United States)


앵커리지

[ɛŋkʰʌ̹ɾid͡ʑi]

[e̞ŋkʰʌ̹ɾid͡ʑi]

Anchorage (the largest city in Alaska, United States)


몽고메리

Montgomery (the capital of Alabama, United States)


青丘

Alternative form of 靑丘 (hanja form of 청구 (“(poetic, archaic) Korea”))


삼나라

Perhaps 삼(三) (sam, “three”) + 나라 (nara, “country”), from 삼한 (三韓, samhan, “Three Han”), an ancient name for Korea.

af

대왕마마 삼나라 치국을 하셔도
내전이 공허하고 중전이 비었으니[…]

2009, “노들제 바리공주 자료 [nodeulje barigongju jaryo, Transcript of Princess Bari from the Nodeul-je ceremony]”, in Han'guk Musokhak, volume 18, pages 261—310:

Though His Majesty governed the Sam kingdom, his private room was vacant; his queen's seat was empty […]

A mythical version of Korea featuring in the shamanic narrative of Princess Bari.


카카오톡

(trademark) KakaoTalk (a Korean messaging app)


찢

(derogatory, neologism) Short for 찢재명 (Jjit-jaemyeong, derogatory nickname for Lee Jae-myung).


홍발정

[ɸʷo̞ŋba̠ʎt͡ɕ͈ʌ̹ŋ]

Blend of 홍준표 (Hong-junpyo, “Hong Joon-pyo”) + 발정(發情) (baljeong, “rut; sexual stimulation”), from a 1972 incident in which Hong was apparently involved in a housemate's attempt to use a stimulant drug for pigs as a date rape drug, which became widely publicized when he ran for president in 2017.

blend

(derogatory, neologism) Hong Joon-pyo, South Korean politician [from c. 2017]


문재앙

[muɲd͡ʑɛa̠ŋ]

Blend of 문재인 (Mun-jaein, “Moon Jae-in”) + 재앙(災殃) (jaeang, “disaster; catastrophe”).

(derogatory, neologism) Moon Jae-in, South Korean president from 2017 to 2022 [from c. 2017]


찢재명

[t͡ɕ͈it̚t͡ɕ͈ɛmjʌ̹ŋ]

[t͡ɕ͈it̚t͡ɕ͈e̞mjʌ̹ŋ]

Blend of 찢다 (jjitda, “to tear; to rip”) + 이재명 (I-jaemyeong, “Lee Jae-myung”), from a leaked video of a personal dispute between Lee and his sister-in-law in 2014, during which Lee quotes his brother as having threatened to "rip" their mother's genitalia with a knife, apparently because she took Lee's side in a long-running family dispute. This was misunderstood or intentionally distorted by opponents as Lee himself having threatened his sister-in-law.

(derogatory, neologism) Lee Jae-myung, South Korean politician [from c. 2017]


벨라루씨

[pe̞ɭɭa̠ɾuɕ͈i]

(North Korea) Belarus (a country in Europe)


당나라

당(唐) (Dang, “Tang dynasty”) + 나라 (-nara, suffix for Chinese polities).

suffix

(historical) Tang dynasty (Chinese empire between 618 and 907)


크리스

A transliteration of the English unisex given name Chris


머피

A transliteration of the English surname Murphy


유니스

A transliteration of the English female given name Eunice


서라벌

[sʰʌ̹ɾa̠bʌ̹ɭ]

Modern Korean reading of Hanja 徐羅伐. Doublet of 서울 (seoul).

Seorabeol, the capital of the ancient Korean kingdom of Silla; modern Gyeongju


ㄹ혜

Rieulhye (romanization)
Geunhye (romanization)

From the visual similarity of ㄹ (l) to 근 (geun). Used in Korean leetspeak called 야민정음 (yaminjeong'eum).

(leetspeak, neologism, Internet slang, euphemistic) Park Geun-hye (박근혜), former South Korean president (governed 2013–2017)


박ㄹ혜

Bak Rieulhye (romanization)
Bak Geunhye (romanization)


핀치

A transliteration of the English surname Finch


캄차카

Kamchatka (a large peninsula and region of Russia)


꾸드스

(North Korea) al-Quds, Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


푸라면

Coined in the 1990s. From the visual similarity of the hangul 푸 (pu) to the hanja 辛.

신라면 w:ko:신라면


뱦뺴

東方(とうほう) (Tōhō) stored in Shift_JIS misinterpreted as Unified Hangul Code (Windows-949).

ja-r

東方(とうほう) (Tōhō)

(ACG, Internet slang) Touhou Project (東方Project)


가라

Gara (romanization)
加羅 (hanja)
伽羅 (hanja)
迦羅 (hanja)

Modern Korean reading of Hanja 加羅/伽羅/迦羅, all different ways to transcribe the same native word.
This is closer to the original name for the people than 가야 (伽倻, gaya), which is now more common, because the second character was originally chosen for the Old Chinese pronunciation of 耶 (OC *laː), whereas the modern Korean reading 야 (ya) comes from the Middle Chinese pronunciation for 耶 (MC yae). Compare Japanese 漢(から) (kara, “the Gaya; Korea; China; foreign places in general”).

Synonym of 가야(伽倻) (Gaya, an ancient conglomeration of chiefdoms in southeastern Korea).


머전

From visual similarity. Used in Korean leetspeak called 야민정음 (yaminjeong'eum).

(leetspeak) Alternative form of 대전 (Daejeon, “Daejeon (a city in South Korea)”)


팡주

(leetspeak) Alternative form of 광주 (Gwangju, “Gwangju (a city in South Korea)”)


머구

(leetspeak) Alternative form of 대구 (Daegu, “Daegu (a city in South Korea)”)


작은곰자리

[t͡ɕa̠ɡɯnɡo̞md͡ʑa̠ɾi]

Of native Korean origin. From 작은 (jageun) + 곰 (gom) + 자리 (jari).


큰곰자리

Of native Korean origin. From 큰 (keun) + 곰 (gom) + 자리 (jari).


하나회

(historical) the Hanahoe, a private group of military officers in the South Korean military who seized power through the Coup d'état of December Twelfth.


신군부

Sino-Korean word from 新軍部, from 新 (“new”) + 軍部 (“military authority”), the term 新 distinguishes the military government led by Chun Doo-hwan from the former one led by Park Chung-hee.

ko-etym-sino

(historical) the Hanahoe after seizing power, a private group of military officers in the South Korean military who seized power through the Coup d'état of December Twelfth.


전라남북도

Jeollanambukdo (romanization)
全羅南北道 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 全羅 + 南 (“south”) + 北 (“north”) + 道 (“province”)

collective reference to North Jeolla and South Jeolla, historically part of the united Jeolla Province


新軍部

hanja form of 신군부 (“the Hanahoe after seizing power”)


이북5도

ko-proper noun

이북5도 • (Ibugodo) (hangeul 이북오도, hanja 以北五道)

Ibugodo (romanization)
이북오도 (hangeul)
以北五道 (hanja)

[이(ː)북오(ː)도]

Sino-Korean word from 이북(以北) (ibuk, “to the north”) + 오(五) (o, “five”) + 도(道) (do, “provinces”).

ko-etym-Sino

(South Korea) the five Korean provinces that are under de facto North Korean administration, namely North Hamgyeong, South Hamgyeong, Hwanghae, North Pyeongan and South Pyeongan


트란스니스트리아

[tʰɯɾa̠nsʰɯnisʰɯtʰɯɾia̠]

Transnistria (a breakaway country in Moldova)


일제 강점기

ko-proper noun

일제 강점기 • (Ilje gangjeomgi) (hanja 日帝強占期)

Ilje gangjeomgi (romanization)
日帝強占期 (hanja)

[iʎd͡ʑe̞ ka̠ŋd͡ʑʌ̹mɡi]

(historical, South Korea) Japanese occupation period of Korea from 1910 to 1945.


일본 제국

Sino-Korean word from 日本帝國, from 日本 (“Japan”) + 帝國 (“empire”).


국가보안법

Gukgaboanbeop (romanization)
國家保安法 (hanja)

National Security Act (South Korea)
ko:국가보안법

(South Korea) the National Security Act, a South Korean law that criminalizes support towards North Korea


목포

Mokpo (a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea)


동독

Sino-Korean word from 東獨, from 東 (“east”) + 獨 (“Germany”).

East Germany (a former country in Europe)


서독

Sino-Korean word from 西獨, from 西 (“west”) + 獨 (“Germany”).

West Germany (a former country in Europe)


원동

고레 사름은 원동에... 그래 김삿갓의 얘기 그런 얘기들을 많습지.

2015 February 13, 김 월리엄 아나똘리비치 [gim wollieom anattollibichi], “공짜로 얻어먹은 김삿갓 [gongjjaro eodeomeogeun gimsatgat]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 우즈베키스탄 타슈켄트 김병화 마을 [ujeubekiseutan tasyukenteu gimbyeonghwa ma'eul]:

Back in the Russian Far East, Koreans told a lot of stories about Kim Sat-Gat.


사사오입

Sino-Korean word from 四捨五入 (“rounding to the closest number (0.4 being rounded down, 0.5 being rounded up); rounding off”).

(South Korea) Short for 사사오입 개헌 (sasaoip gaeheon, literally “rounding off constitutional amendment”); the 1954 incident where the Syngman Rhee administration attempted to justify a constitutional amendment with insufficient ayes through the concept of rounding off


화랑

Hwarang (ancient Sillan warrior group of male youth)


견융

(historical) the Quanrong (ethnic group active in the northwestern part of China during the Zhou dynasty)


고려사람

ethnic Korean from the former Soviet Union


톈안먼

zh-l

天安門／天安门 (Tiān'ānmén)

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:톈안먼


칭다오

青島／青岛 (Qīngdǎo)


뤄양

zh-m

洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng)


우크라

우크라이나 우크라이나#Korean

Short for 우크라이나 (Ukeuraina, “Ukraine (a country in Europe)”).


하리코프

Borrowed from Russian Ха́рьков (Xárʹkov).

bor+

Kharkiv, Kharkov (an oblast in eastern Ukraine).


주령구

[t͡ɕuɾjʌ̹ŋɡu]

Sino-Korean word from 酒令 (“drinking game”) + 具 (“tool”).

ko-etym-sino

14-sided die from the Silla period inscribed with commands for a drinking game


거란

First attested as Middle Korean 그란 (kulan), 거란 (kelan). A pre-Sino-Korean loan from Middle Chinese 契丹 (kʰɨt̚ tɑn), with typical Middle Korean lenition of intervocalic /t/ to /ɾ/.


삼일

3-1 (abbreviation of March 1, referring to the Samil movement of March 1, 1919, for Korean independence).


경복궁

Gyeongbokgung (romanization)
景福宮 (hanja)

Gyeongbokgung (main royal palace of the Joseon dynasty)


롤리

[~시(市)] Raleigh (the capital city of North Carolina, United States).


자금성

[t͡ɕa̠ɡɯmsʰʌ̹ŋ]


중정

[t͡ɕuŋd͡ʑʌ̹ŋ]

(historical) Short for 중앙정보부 (中央情報部) (jung'angjeongbobu, “KCIA”).


충북

충청북도 충청북도#Korean

Short for 충청북도 (Chungcheongbukdo, “North Chungcheong Province”).


경북

경상북도 경상북도#Korean

Short for 경상북도 (Gyeongsangbukdo, “North Gyeongsang Province”).


전북

전라북도 전라북도#Korean

Short for 전라북도 (Jeollabukdo, “North Jeolla Province”).


경남

경상남도 경상남도#Korean

Short for 경상남도 (Gyeongsangnamdo, “South Gyeongsang Province”).


전남

전라남도 전라남도#Korean

Short for 전라남도 (Jeollanamdo, “South Jeolla Province”).


충남

충청남도 충청남도#Korean

Short for 충청남도 (Chungcheongnamdo, “South Chungcheong Province”).


온주

Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China)


온주

온타리오 온타리오#Korean

(Canada) Short for 온타리오 주(州) (Ontario ju, “Ontario (a province of Canada)”).


六大洲

hanja form of 육대주 (“the six continents”)


중국공산당

ko-proper noun

중국공산당 • (Junggukgongsandang) (hanja 中國共産黨)

Junggukgongsandang (romanization)
中國共産黨 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 중국(中國) (jungguk, “China”) + 공산당(共産黨) (gongsandang, “Communist Party”).

ko-etym-sino

Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China


인민폐

renminbi (the currency in mainland China)


샬럿

[ɕʰa̠ɭɭʌ̹t̚]

Borrowed from English Charlotte, from French Charlotte. Ultimately from Middle High German Karl.

Mecklenburg County
Mecklenburg County#English

[~시(市)] Charlotte (the largest city, the county seat of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, United States).


더럼

[~시(市)] Durham (a large city, the county seat of Durham County, North Carolina, United States).

[~군(郡)] Durham County (a county of North Carolina, United States).

[~시(市)] Durham (a city, the county town of County Durham, United Kingdom).

[~주(州)] County Durham (a county in the Northeast of England).


오스틴

Borrowed from English Austin, from Anglo-Norman Aostin. Ultimately from Latin Augustīnus.

[~시(市)] Austin (The capital city of Texas, USA and the county seat of Travis County).


휴스턴

[çusʰɯtʰʌ̹n]

[~시(市)] Houston (The largest city in Texas, USA and the county seat of Harris County).


米帝

(North Korea) hanja form of 미제 (“American imperialism”)


성균관

Seonggyun'gwan (romanization)
成均館 (hanja)

Sungkyunkwan (Korea's highest institute of learning during the late Goryeo and Joseon dynasties)


펜타곤

the Pentagon (the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense)


구유고슬라비아 마케도니아 공화국

Guyugoseullabia Makedonia gonghwaguk (romanization)

구(ː)유고슬라비아마케도니아공(ː)화국

[구(ː)유고슬라비아마케도니아공(ː)화국]

From 구(舊) (gu, “former”) + 유고슬라비아 (Yugoseullabia, “Yugoslavia”) + 마케도니아 (Makedonia, “Macedonia”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

com

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

(historical) former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia


마크롱

에마뉘엘 마크롱

A transliteration of the French surname Macron


트뤼도

쥐스탱 트뤼도 ― Jwiseutaeng teurwido ― Justin Trudeau

A transliteration of the French surname Trudeau


독일 민주 공화국

ko-pos

독일 민주 공화국 • (Dogil minju gonghwaguk) (hanja 獨逸民主共和國)

Dogil minju gonghwaguk (romanization)
獨逸民主共和國 (hanja)

[도길민주공(ː)화국]

From 독일(獨逸) (Dogil, “Germany”) + 민주(民主) (minju, “democracy”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

com

German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic

(historical) German Democratic Republic (official name of East Germany)


독일 연방 공화국

ko-pos

독일 연방 공화국 • (Dogil yeonbang gonghwaguk) (hanja 獨逸聯邦共和國)

Dogil yeonbang gonghwaguk (romanization)
獨逸聯邦共和國 (hanja)

[도길연방공(ː)화국]

From 독일(獨逸) (Dogil, “Germany”) + 연방(聯邦) (yeonbang, “federation”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

com

Federal Republic of Germany
Federal Republic of Germany

(history) the Federal Republic of Germany (official name of former West Germany)

the Federal Republic of Germany (official name of current Germany)


아세아

Sino-Korean word from 亞細亞, from Latin Asia.


구운몽

The Cloud Dream of the Nine (17th century Korean novel)


영주

Yeongju (a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


나이제리아

(North Korea) Nigeria (a country in Africa)


유럽동맹

From 유럽 (Yureop, “Europe”) + 동맹(同盟) (dongmaeng, “union”).


보안사

Clipping of 보안사령부 (boansaryeongbu, literally “Security Command”)

clipping

(historical, military, South Korea) the Defense Security Command, a military intelligence agency within the Republic of Korea Armed Forces


우즈베끼스딴

(North Korea) Uzbekistan (a country in Asia)


단마르크

(North Korea, Yanbian) Denmark (a country in Europe)


원주

Wonju (a city in Gangwon Province, South Korea)


도네츠크

From Ukrainian Доне́цьк (Donécʹk) and Russian Доне́цк (Donéck).


대브리텐

From 대(大) (dae-, “great”) + 브리텐 (Beuriten, “Britain”).


마리우폴

From Ukrainian Маріу́поль (Mariúpolʹ) and Russian Мариу́поль (Mariúpolʹ).

Mariupol (a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine)


독립국가협동체

ko-proper noun

독립국가협동체 • (Dongnipgukgahyeopdongche) (hanja 獨立國家協同體)

Dongnipgukgahyeopdongche (romanization)
獨立國家協同體 (hanja)

[to̞ŋnip̚k͈uk̚k͈a̠ʝʌ̹p̚t͈o̞ŋt͡ɕʰe̞]

Sino-Korean word from 독립(獨立) (dongnip) + 국가(國家) (gukga) + 협동체(協同體) (hyeopdongche).

ko-etym-sino

Commonwealth of Independent States
Commonwealth of Independent States


련합 왕국

Ryeonhap wangguk (romanization)
聯合王國 (hanja)

대브리텐 북아일랜드 련합 왕국

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Daebeuriten Bugaillaendeu Ryeonhap Wangguk

연합 왕국
연합 왕국#Korean

North Korea standard spelling of 연합 왕국 (Yeonhap Wangguk, “United Kingdom”).


세바스토폴

From Ukrainian Севасто́поль (Sevastópolʹ) and Russian Севасто́поль (Sevastópolʹ).

borrowed

Севасто́поль

Севасто́поль

Sevastopol (a port city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia)


하르키우

Kharkiv, Kharkov (an oblast in eastern Ukraine).


독립국가연합

ko-proper noun

독립국가연합 • (Dongnipgukgayeonhap) (hanja 獨立國家聯合)

Dongnipgukgayeonhap (romanization)
獨立國家聯合 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 독립(獨立) (dongnip, “Independent”) + 국가(國家) (gukga, “State”) + 연합(聯合) (yeonhap, “Commonwealth”).


연합 왕국

Yeonhap wangguk (romanization)
聯合王國 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 연합(聯合) (yeonhap) + 왕국(王國) (wangguk).

그레이트브리튼 북아일랜드 연합 왕국

Geureiteubeuriteun Bugaillaendeu Yeonhap Wangguk


윤

the hanja entry at 尹 for Sino-Korean compounds of 윤


대브리텐 및 북아일랜드 련합 왕국

ko-proper noun

大브리텐 및 北아일랜드 聯合 王國

대브리텐 및 북아일랜드 련합 왕국 • (Daebeuriten mit bugaillaendeu ryeonhap wangguk) (hanja 大브리텐 및 北아일랜드 聯合 王國)

大브리텐 및 北아일랜드 聯合 王國 (hanja)

From 대(大)브리텐 (Daebeuriten, “Great Britain”) + 북(北)아일랜드 (Bugaillaendeu, “Northern Ireland”) + 련합 왕국(聯合王國) (Ryeonhap Wangguk, “United Kingdom”).

compound

^련합 ^왕국(聯合王國)

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland#English

(North Korea) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (a country in Europe)


그레이트브리튼 북아일랜드 연합 왕국

ko-proper noun

그레이트브리튼 北아일랜드 聯合 王國

그레이트브리튼 북아일랜드 연합 왕국 • (Geureiteubeuriteun bugaillaendeu yeonhap wangguk) (hanja 그레이트브리튼 北아일랜드 聯合 王國)

그레이트브리튼 北아일랜드 聯合 王國 (hanja)

[kɯɾe̞itʰɯbɯɾitʰɯn puɡa̠iɭɭɛndɯ jʌ̹nɦa̠p̚ wa̠ŋɡuk̚]

[kɯɾe̞itʰɯbɯɾitʰɯn puɡa̠iɭɭe̞ndɯ jʌ̹nɦa̠p̚ wa̠ŋɡuk̚]

그레이트브리튼부가일랜드연합왕국

그레이트브리튼부가일렌드연합왕국

From 그레이트브리튼 (Geureiteubeuriteun, “Great Britain”) + 북(北)아일랜드 (Bugaillaendeu, “Northern Ireland”) + 연합 왕국(聯合王國) (Yeonhap Wangguk, “United Kingdom”).

compound

^연합 ^왕국(聯合王國)


젤렌스키

[t͡ɕe̞ɭɭe̞nsʰɯcçi]

Зеле́нский Зеленский#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian surname Зеле́нский (Zelénskij)

볼로디미르 젤렌스키
Bollodimireu jellenseuki
Volodymyr Zelensky

Зеле́нський Зеленський#Ukrainian

A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Зеле́нський (Zelénsʹkyj)


웽그리아

[we̞ŋɡɯɾia̠]

Borrowed from Russian Ве́нгрия (Véngrija).

bor+

(Yanbian, obsolete in North Korea) Hungary (a country in Europe)


대브리튼

From 대(大) (dae-, “great”) + 브리튼 (Beuriteun, “Britain”).

com

그레이트브리튼 그레이트브리튼#Korean

Synonym of 그레이트브리튼 (Geureiteubeuriteun, “Great Britain (island)”)


와르샤와

[wa̠ɾɯɕʰa̠wa̠]

(North Korea) Warsaw (the capital city of Poland)


설악산

Seoraksan, Mt. Seorak (the highest mountain in the Taebaek mountain range in the Gangwon Province in eastern South Korea)


雪嶽山

hanja form of 설악산 (“Seoraksan, Mt. Seorak (the highest mountain in the Taebaek mountain range in the Gangwon Province in eastern South Korea)”)


옌지

Yanji (a county-level city in Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)


도문

Tumen (a county-level city in Yanbian, Jilin, China)


투먼

zh-m

圖們／图们 (Túmén)


광저우

Borrowed from Mandarin 廣州／广州 (Guǎngzhōu).

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)


철산

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɭsʰa̠n]

[~군(郡)] A county of North Pyongan Province, North Korea

[~동(洞)] A neighborhood of Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea


캐시

A transliteration of the English female given name Kathy

A transliteration of the English female given name Cathy


인스타

인스타그램 인스타그램#Korean

Insta: Short for 인스타그램 (Inseutageuraem, “Instagram”).


무정

[ˈmu(ː)d͡ʑʌ̹ŋ]

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

Wuding (an autonomous prefecture, a Chuxiong in Yunnan, China)


페로 제도

페로 (Pero, “Faroe”) + 제도(諸島) (jedo, “archipelago”).


킴

A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Кім (Kim)


팜팡가

Pampanga (a province of the Philippines; capital: San Fernando; largest city: Angeles)


동국

Sino-Korean word from 東 (“east”) + 國 (“country, land”).


바이스

A transliteration of the German surname Weiss.


중앙아프리카

[t͡ɕuŋa̠ŋa̠pʰɯɾikʰa̠]

중앙(中央) (jung'ang, “center”) + 아프리카 (Apeurika, “Africa”)


북아프리카

북(北) (buk, “north”) + 아프리카 (Apeurika, “Africa”)


시안

(city formerly known as Chang'an) Xi'an (the capital of Shaanxi, China)


손오공

Sino-Korean word from 孫悟空 (“Sun Wukong”).


삼국지연의

Samgukjiyeonui (romanization)
三國志演義 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 三國志演義 (“Romance of the Three Kingdoms”).


흥남

Sino-Korean word from 興南, from 興 (“rise”) + 南 (“south”) (Heungnam).

흥남철수(興南撤收).


루스

A transliteration of the English female given name Ruth


루스

A transliteration of the English surname Luce


요사

마리오 바르가스 요사 ― mario bareugaseu yosa ― Mario Vargas Llosa

A transliteration of the Spanish surname Llosa


연수

[~구] Yeonsu (a district of Incheon, South Korea)


중국대륙

Junggukdaeryuk (romanization)
中國大陸 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 中國大陸, from 中國 (“China”) + 大陸 (“mainland”).


시경

(literature) the Shījīng (Classic of Poetry)


금강산

도라지 도라지 도라지 강원도 금강산 백도라지

도라지타령 [Doraji taryeong] https://folkency.nfm.go.kr/kr/topic/detail/709

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

doraji doraji doraji Gang'wondo Geumgangsan baekdoraji

Mount Kumgang (a mountain in Kangwon Province, North Korea)


바바 야가

Borrowed from Russian Ба́ба-Яга́ (Bába-Jagá) or English Baba Yaga.


孔德洞

Gongdeokdong (romanization)
공덕동 (hangeul)