東京

hanja form of 동경 (“alternative name of Tokyo”)


北

Hanja in this term 北 北 (canonical)
Buk (romanization)
북 (hangeul)

hanja-ety

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄈᆡᆼ〮</i> (Yale: ppóy)

(in headlines) Short for 北(북)韓(한) (Bukhan, “(South Korea) North Korea”).


亞

Hanja in this term 亞 亞 (canonical)
아 (hangeul)

From Middle Chinese 亞 (MC 'aeH).
Historical readings
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅡᆼ〮 (Yale: qá) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Early Modern Korean 아 (Yale: a) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

(in headlines) Short for 亞細亞아세아 (Asea, “Asia”).


佛

Hanja in this term 佛 佛 (canonical)
Bul (romanization)
불 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">뿌ᇙ〮</i> (Yale: ppwúlq)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">불〮</i> (Yale: pwúl)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">부텨</i> (Yale: Pwùthyè)

(in news headlines) Short for 佛(불)蘭(란)西(서) (Bullanseo, “France”).


日

Hanja in this term 日 日 (canonical)
Il (romanization)
일 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅀᅵᇙ〮</i> (Yale: zílq)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅀᅵᆯ〮</i> (Yale: zíl)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">날〮</i> (Yale: nál)

(in news headlines) Short for 日(일)本(본) (Ilbon, “Japan”).


中

Hanja in this term 中 中 (canonical)
Jung (romanization)
중 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">듀ᇰ</i> (Yale: tyùng)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">가온〮ᄃᆡᆺ</i> (Yale: kàwóntòy-s)

韓·中 관계 ― Han·Jung gwangye ― South Korea – China relations

(in news headlines) Short for 中(중)國(국) (Jungguk, “China”).


印

Hanja in this term 印 印 (canonical)
In (romanization)
인 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅙᅵᆫ〮</i> (Yale: qín)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">인〮</i> (Yale: ín)

(in news headlines) Short for 印(인)度(도) (Indo, “India”).


獨

Hanja in this term 獨 獨 (canonical)
Dok (romanization)
독 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">똑〮</i> (Yale: ttwók)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">독〮</i> (Yale: twók)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">호을</i> (Yale: hwòùl)

(in news headlines) Short for 獨(독)逸(일) (Dogil, “(South Korea) Germany”).


美

Hanja in this term 美 美 (canonical)
Mi (romanization)
미 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">밍〯</i> (Yale: mǐ)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">미</i> (Yale: mi)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">아ᄅᆞᆷ다올</i> (Yale: alom-tawol)

美, 제안에 대해 긍정적 입장 보여

The United States expressed a positive attitude toward the proposal.

Mi, jeane daehae geungjeongjeok ipjang boyeo

(in headlines) Short for 美(미)國(국) (Miguk, “the USA”).


臺

Hanja in this term 臺 臺 (canonical)
Dae (romanization)
대 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄄᆡᆼ</i> (Yale: ttòy)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄃᆡ</i> (Yale: tòy)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄃᆡᆺ</i> (Yale: tòy-s)

(in news headlines) Short for 臺(대)灣(만) (Daeman, “Taiwan”).


英

Hanja in this term 英 英 (canonical)
Yeong (romanization)
영 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅙᅧᇰ</i> (Yale: qyèng)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">여ᇰ</i> (Yale: yèng)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">곳부리</i> (Yale: kwòspwùlì)

(in headlines) Short for 英(영)國(국) (Yeongguk, “the United Kingdom”).


靑

Hanja in this term 靑 靑 (canonical)
Cheong (romanization)
청 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">쳐ᇰ</i> (Yale: chyèng)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">프를</i> (Yale: phùlùl)

靑, 사안에 대한 강경 입장 고수

The presidential office has maintained a strong stance against the issue.

Cheong, saane daehan ganggyeong ipjang gosu

(in news headlines) Short for 靑(청)瓦(와)臺(대) (Cheong-wadae, “the South Korean presidency and its administration”).


韓

Hanja in this term 韓 韓 (canonical)
Han (romanization)
한 (hangeul)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅘᅡᆫ</i> (Yale: hhàn)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">한</i> (Yale: han)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">나라</i> (Yale: nala)

韓(한)·美(미) 자유 무역 협정
Han·Mi jayu muyeok hyeopjeong
Free trade agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Korea

(in news headlines) Short for 韓(한)國(국) (Han-guk, “(South Korea) South Korea”).


일

the hanja entry at 日 for Sino-Korean compounds of 일


일본

일본 사람


濠洲

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


셋

(biblical) Seth (the third son of Adam and Eve)


이

Sino-Korean word from 李, Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Lǐ) and 니〯 (Nǐ).

a surname, the second most common Korean surname, used by roughly 7.3 million people in South Korea as of 2015


이

Alternative form of 伊 (I, “Italy (in news headlines)”)


하나님

From a dialectal pronunciation of 하느님 (haneunim, “God”) which became popularized because of a folk etymology connecting it to 하나 (hana), and thus to the Christian concept of monotheism.

1961, Bible (Korean Revised Version), Changsegi (創世記 / 창세기) (Genesis) 1:1
太(태)初(초)에 하나님이 天(천)地(지)를 創(창)造(조)하시니라
In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

Shahada
하나님 외에 다른 신은 없습니다. 무함마드는 그분의 사도입니다.
Hananim oe-e dareun sin-eun eopseumnida. Muhammadeu-neun Geubun-ui sado-imnida.
There is no god but God. Muhammad is the messenger of God.


海王星

Haewangseong (romanization)
해왕성 (hangeul)


정

a surname, commonly transliterated as Chung, Jung, or Jeong


인

the hanja entry at 印 for Sino-Korean compounds of 인

한·인 관계 ― Han·in gwan'gye ― India-South Korea relations


예

an ancient tribe living in Korea in the early first millennium

the hanja entry at 濊 for Sino-Korean compounds of 예


예

Hou Yi, a legendary archer in Chinese mythology

the hanja entry at 羿 for Sino-Korean compounds of 예


요

(formal) the Liao, a medieval Khitan empire

the hanja entry at 遼 for Sino-Korean compounds of 요


요

Sino-Korean word from 堯 (“Emperor Yao”).

Synonym of 요임금 (Yo-imgeum, “Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China”)

요임금

the hanja entry at 堯 for Sino-Korean compounds of 요


한

Sino-Korean word from 韓, from the Middle Korean reading 한 (Yale: han).

the hanja entry at 韓 for Sino-Korean compounds of 한

Short for 한국(韓國) (Han'guk, “Korea, the Republic of Korea”).

(historical) Han (ancient Chinese county, viscounty, and kingdom of the Zhou dynasty)


한

Sino-Korean word from 漢, from the Middle Korean reading 한 (Yale: han).

the hanja entry at 漢 for Sino-Korean compounds of 한


수

(formal, academic) the Sui, a short-lived Chinese dynasty

the hanja entry at 隋 for Sino-Korean compounds of 수


주

Clipping of 천주 ("God"), from Sino-Tibetan 天主.


맥

Sino-Korean word from 貊 (“ancient tribe”).


맥

맥용


범

the hanja entry at 范 for Sino-Korean compounds of 범


평양

→ English: Pyongyang

→ Mongolian:

desc

Cyrillic script: Пёнъян (Pjonʺjan), Пёньян (Pjonʹjan)

Mongolian script: ᠫᠾᠧᠨᠢᠶᠠᠩ (phēniyang)

desctree

→ Russian: Пхенья́н (Pxenʹján)
→ Armenian: Փխենյան (Pʻxenyan)
→ Azerbaijani: Pxenyan
→ Georgian: ფხენიანი (pxeniani)
→ Latvian: Phenjana
→ Lithuanian: Pchenjanas
→ Mongolian:
Cyrillic script: (dated) Пхеньян (Pxenʹjan)
→ Polish: Phenian
→ Ukrainian: Пхеньян (Pxenʹjan)

[pʰjʌ̹ŋja̠ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 平壤; from Middle Korean 부루나 (pwulwuna, “flat land”), written in idu.

der

Pyongyang (the capital city of North Korea)


太陽系

Taeyanggye (romanization)
T'aeyanggye (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Thayyangkyey (Yale romanization)
태양계 (hangeul)


우산

Usan (an ancient Korean kingdom, tributary to Silla)


PK

From McCune-Reischauer Romanization initials of Pusan and Kyŏngnam.

Busan–Gyeongnam; Busan and South Gyeongsang


위키낱말사전

위키 (wiki, “wiki”) + 낱말 (nanmal, “word”) + 사전(辭典) (sajeon, “dictionary”).


조선

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹n]

(North Korea, China, Japan, dated or humorous in South Korea, increasingly dated in Russia) Korea (a country in East Asia, now divided into North Korea and South Korea)

(historical) Korea under the Joseon dynasty (1392 CE — 1910 CE) and Japanese colonial rule (1910 CE — 1945 CE)

Coordinate term: 남조선(南朝鮮) (Namjoseon)

조선민주주의인민공화국(朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) 조선민주주의인민공화국#Korean

Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Democratic People's Republic of Korea

(North Korea, China, Japan) Short for 조선민주주의인민공화국(朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) (Joseon-minjujuui-inmin-gonghwaguk, “the Democratic People's Republic of Korea”).

조선민주주의인민공화국(朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)

고조선(古朝鮮) 고조선#Korean

(uncommon) Synonym of 고조선(古朝鮮) (Gojoseon, “Gojoseon”).


大學

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics

hanja form of 대학 (“Great Learning (one of the Four Books of Confucianism)”)


美國英語

Migugyeong'eo (romanization)
미국영어 (hangeul)

미국영어 미국영어#Korean


미국

Miguk (romanization)
美國 (hanja)
米國 (CJK)

Sino-Korean word from 美國, 米國. First attested in the Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation [1882] as 大美國 (literally “grand beautiful country”).

United States of America
United States of America#English

United States of America (a country in North America)


孟子

hanja form of 맹자 (“Mencius, a Chinese philosopher, one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism”)

맹자

hanja form of 맹자 (“Mencius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”)


금요일

Sino-Korean word from 金曜日, from 金曜 (“Venus”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Veneris (“day of Venus”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit भॄगुवार (bhṝguvāra, “of the planet Venus”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 金曜日.


화요일

Sino-Korean word from 火曜日, from 火曜 (“Mars”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Martis (“day of Mars”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit मङ्गलवार (maṅgalavāra, “of the planet Mars”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 火曜日.


전

Sino-Korean word from 田, from the Middle Korean reading 뎐 (Yale: tyen).

a surname, commonly transliterated as Jeon, Jun and Chun


전

Sino-Korean word from 全, from the Middle Korean reading 젼 (Yale: cyen).


전

Sino-Korean word from 錢, from the Middle Korean reading 젼 (Yale: cyen).


전국

[t͡ɕʌ̹nɡuk̚]

(history) Warring States period in Chinese history


장

Sino-Korean word from 張, from the Middle Korean reading 댜ᇰ (Yale: tyàng).

a surname, commonly transliterated as Jang and Chang


장

Sino-Korean word from 章, from the Middle Korean reading 쟈ᇰ (Yale: cyàng).


장

Sino-Korean word from 莊, from the Middle Korean reading 쟈ᇰ (Yale: cyàng).


월요일

Sino-Korean word from 月曜日, from 月曜 (“moon”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies lunae (“moon's day”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit सोमाह (somāha, “of the moon”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 月曜日.


일요일

Sino-Korean word from 日曜日, from 日曜 (“sun”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin diēs Sōlis (“sun's day”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit रविदिन (ravidina) (रवि (ravi, “sun”)) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 日曜日.

2016, VOA Learning English > Trending Today: Puppy Bowl
이번 주말은 일요일에 슈퍼볼이 있다.
ibeon jumareun iryoire syupeobori itda.
This weekend is Super Bowl Sunday.


토요일

Sino-Korean word from 土曜日, from 土曜 (“Saturn”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Saturni (“day of Saturn”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit शनिवार (śanivāra, “of the planet Saturn”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 土曜日.


목요일

Sino-Korean word from 木曜日, from 木曜 (“Jupiter”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Jovis (“day of Jupiter”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as बॄहस्पतिवार (bṝhaspativāra, “of the planet Jupiter”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 木曜日.

ko-etym-Sino

다음 주 목요일에 봐.


수요일

Sino-Korean word from 水曜日, from 水曜 (“Mercury”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Mercurii (“day of Mercury”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit सौम्यवार (saumyavāra, “of the planet Mercury”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 水曜日.

der

2016, VOA Learning English > Trending Today: Puppy Bowl
수요일에, 애니멀 플래닛은 2016년 퍼피볼의 선발 선수 명단을 발표했습니다.
Suyoire, Aenimeol peullaenis-eun icheonsimnyungnyeon Peopibor-ui seonbal seonsu myeongdan-eul balpyohaetseumnida.
On Wednesday, Animal Planet announced the starting lineup for the 2016 Puppy Bowl.


대한민국

Daehanmin'guk (romanization)
大韓民國 (hanja)

→ Chinese: 大韓民國／大韩民国 (Dàhán Mínguó)

→ Japanese: 大韓民国(だいかんみんこく) (daikan minkoku)

→ Vietnamese: Đại Hàn Dân Quốc

Sino-Korean word from 대한(大韓) (Daehan, “Korea”) + 민국(民國) (min'guk, “republic”), which is based on 대한 제국(大韓帝國) (Daehan jeguk, “The Empire of Korea”). According to 1946 Joseon Sangsik Mundap of Choe Nam-seon, 대(大) (dae, “grand”) is used before 한(韓) (han, “Korea”) to distinguish it from the traditional smaller Hans (삼한(三韓) (Samhan)). The use of 大 (“grand”) in a name of empire is a Chinese tradition (ex. 大日本帝國, 大英帝國)


북

Short for 북한(北韓) (Bukhan, “(South Korea) North Korea”).


손자

[sʰo̞ɲd͡ʑa̠]

Sino-Korean word from 孫子, from 孫 (“grandchild”) + 子 (“child, son”)


중국

중국 사람

possibly still used in northern dialects


독일

Sino-Korean word from 獨逸, an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 獨逸 (Doitsu, “Germany”), from Dutch Duits (“German”).

obor

(South Korea) Germany (a country in Europe)


中華民國

junghwa minguk (romanization)
중화민국 (hangeul)

중화민국 중화민국#Korean

hanja form of 중화민국 (“Republic of China”)


임신

The ninth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Water Monkey" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


美國

hanja form of 미국 (“America, United States”)


朝鮮

hanja form of 조선 (“Joseon; Korea, especially North Korea”)


스웨덴

Borrowed from English Sweden, from Scots Swaden, from Middle Dutch Sweden.

(South Korea) Sweden (a country in Europe)


한국

Sino-Korean word from 韓國, originally short for 대한 제국(大韓帝國) (Daehan jeguk, Korea's official name from 1897 to 1910, literally “Empire of Great Han”), but now short for 대한민국(大韓民國) (Daehanmin'guk, South Korea's official name, literally “The Great Han People's Nation”).
한 (韓, Han) originally refers to the 삼한 (三韓, Samhan, “Three Han”), three ancient tribal confederations in the southern Korean Peninsula. The word was later conflated with the unrelated Three Kingdoms of Korea, which also became known as 삼한 (三韓, Samhan) and which united in the seventh century to form the united Korean nation. The reference in 한 (韓, Han) is to the Three Kingdoms, not the original tribes.

(South Korea) Korea (a country in East Asia, now divided into North Korea and South Korea)

Coordinate term: 북한(北韓) (Bukhan)

(South Korea, Yanbian) South Korea (a country in East Asia)


구

Sino-Korean word from 具 (“classifier for coffins, corpses”).


아시아

Unknown. Perhaps borrowed from English Asia, ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀσία (Asía).

An ancient province of the Roman Empire, in Asia Minor.


에스페란토

From English Esperanto, from Esperanto Esperanto.

Esperanto (an international auxiliary language)


오

[~나라] Wu, name of various Chinese kingdoms in the lower Yangzi region


葡萄牙

hanja form of 포도아 (“Portugal (obsolete)”)


프랑스

[pʰɯɾa̠ŋsʰɯ]


아프리카

Unknown. Perhaps borrowed from English Africa, ultimately from Latin Africa.


루마니아

(South Korea) Romania (a country in Europe)


般若波羅蜜多心經

ko-proper noun

般若波羅蜜多心經 • (Banyabaramildasimgyeong) (hangeul 반야바라밀다심경)

Banyabaramildasimgyeong (romanization)
반야바라밀다심경 (hangeul)

반야바라밀다심경 반야바라밀다심경#Korean


冥王星

ko-noun

冥王星 • (Myeong-wangseong or McCune-Reischauer: Myŏngwangsŏng or Yale: Myeng.wangseng) (hangeul 명왕성)

Myeong-wangseong (romanization)
Myŏngwangsŏng (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Myeng.wangseng (Yale romanization)
명왕성 (hangeul)


水星

Suseong (romanization)
Susŏng (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Swuseng (Yale romanization)
수성 (hangeul)


天王星

Cheonwangseong (romanization)
천왕성 (hangeul)


불

한·불 관계 ― Han·bul gwan'gye ― France-South Korea relations

불란서(佛蘭西) 불란서#Korean

Short for 불란서(佛蘭西) (Bullanseo, “France”).

the hanja entry at 佛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 불


마니

Sino-Korean word from 摩尼, ultimately a Chinese transcription of Middle Persian [Term?].


백로

입춘(立春)

이십사절기(二十四節氣) (Isipsajeolgi, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

입하(立夏)

이십사절기(二十四節氣) (Isipsajeolgi, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

입추(立秋)

이십사절기(二十四節氣) (Isipsajeolgi, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

입동(立冬)

이십사절기(二十四節氣) (Isipsajeolgi, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


남

Sino-Korean word from 南 (“south”), from the Middle Korean reading 남 (Yale: nàm).

남조선(南朝鮮) 남조선#Korean

Short for 남한(南韓)/남조선(南朝鮮) (namhan/namjoseon, “South Korea”).


위키백과

위키 (wiki, “wiki”), and abbreviation of 백과사전 (baekgwasajeon, “encyclopedia”)


박

Modern Korean reading of Hanja 朴.
According to the Samguk sagi, a history written in 1145, the surname was chosen because the legendary founder of the lineage was born from an egg as big as a calabash. Hence the word is the same as "calabash" above. However, some modern scholars have instead seen a connection to ᄇᆞᆰ (Yale: pòlk-, “to be bright”), whence modern 밝다 (bakda).

a surname from Old Korean. The first royal surname of the kingdom of Silla, hence the oldest Korean surname in widespread use; the third most common surname among Koreans today.


아주

Aju (romanization)
亞洲 (hanja)
Aju (romanization)
阿洲 (hanja)


한사군

Sino-Korean word from 漢四郡 (“four Chinese counties”)

ko-etym-Sino

(historical) the Four Commanderies of Han, Han Chinese commanderies located on the Korean peninsula in the early Common Era


南極海

Namgeukhae (romanization)
Namgŭkhae (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Namkuk.hay (Yale romanization)
남극해 (hangeul)


北極海

Bukgeukhae (romanization)
Pukkŭkhae (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Pukqkuk.hay (Yale romanization)
북극해 (hangeul)


예루살렘

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)


大西洋

Daeseoyang (romanization)
Taesŏyang (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Tāyseyang (Yale romanization)
대서양 (hangeul)


太平洋

Taepyeongnyang (romanization)
T'aep'yŏngnyang (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Thayphyengnyang (Yale romanization)
태평양 (hangeul)


김

English: Kim, Gim

Ukrainian: Кім (Kim)

Sino-Korean word from 金 (“gold; metal”). This reading is found only in the surname and certain place names. Orthodox Sino-Korean is 금 (金, geum).
Most likely a borrowing from Early Mandarin 金 (EM *kim) during Mongol rule in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

김연아 (金姸兒) ― Gim Yeon-a ― Yuna Kim

김정은 (金正恩) ― Gim Jeong-eun ― Kim Jong-un

김대중 (金大中) ― Gim Daejung ― Kim Dae-jung

a surname, Kim (most common surname in Korea)


南極

hanja form of 남극 (“South Pole; Antarctica”)


쏘련

(North Korea, Yanbian, Russia) Soviet Union (a former country in Eastern Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)


노

the hanja entry at 盧 for Sino-Korean compounds of 노


노

the hanja entry at 魯 for Sino-Korean compounds of 노

(formal, academic) the Lu, an ancient vassal state of China


육이오

Sino-Korean word from 六二五, from the date June 25, 1950, the day marking the start of the Korean War.


웁살라

Borrowed from Swedish Uppsala, from Old Norse Uppsalir (literally “upper halls, upper dwellings”), from upp (“up”) + salir (“halls, rooms”), plural of salr.

der

Uppsala (a city in eastern central Sweden)


헤이그

The Hague (a city, the administrative capital of the Netherlands)


北斗七星

Bukduchilseong (romanization)
북두칠성 (hangeul)

북두칠성 북두칠성#Korean


추

Korean reading of various Chinese characters


中華人民共和國

ko-proper noun

中華人民共和國 • (Junghwainmin'gonghwaguk) (hangeul 중화인민공화국)

Junghwainmin'gonghwaguk (romanization)
중화인민공화국 (hangeul)

중화인민공화국 중화인민공화국#Korean

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

hanja form of 중화인민공화국 (“People's Republic of China”)


오스트레일리아

[o̞sʰɯtʰɯɾe̞iʎʎia̠]

Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)


일본어

Sino-Korean word from 日本語, from 日本 (“Japan”) + 語 (“language”).


부

Sino-Korean word from 釜 (“pot, cauldron, kettle”).

ko-etym-sino

경부고속도로
Gyeong-bu-gosokdoro
Gyeongbu (Seoul–Busan) Expressway

부마 민주 항쟁
bu-ma minju hangjaeng
Busan–Masan Democratic Protests


낙

Sino-Korean word from 洛 (“the Luo river, Luoyang”).

the hanja entry at 洛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 낙

(rare) Synonym of 낙수(洛水) (“the Luo river”, a central Chinese river)

낙수(洛水)

(rare) Synonym of 낙양(洛陽) (“Luoyang”, Chinese city and ancient capital)


라

From English Ra or some other European language.

(Egyptian mythology) [~신(神)] Ra, the Egyptian sun god


밥

A transliteration of the English male given name diminutive Bob


옴

Ohm (the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1789~1854), who discovered Ohm's Law in 1826)


黑龍江

Heungnyonggang (romanization)
흑룡강 (hangeul)

hanja form of 흑룡강 (“Heilongjiang; Amur River”)


댈러스

[te̞ɭɭʌ̹sʰɯ]


런던

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom)


호놀룰루

[ɸʷo̞no̞ɭɭuɭɭu]

Honolulu (a city, the state capital of Hawaii, United States)


자그레브

[t͡ɕa̠ɡɯɾe̞bɯ]

Zagreb (the capital and largest city of Croatia)


대전

대전 광역시


로스앤젤레스

[ɾo̞s͈ɯɛɲd͡ʑe̞ɭɭe̞s͈ɯ]

[ɾo̞s͈ɯe̞ɲd͡ʑe̞ɭɭe̞s͈ɯ]

[~시(市)] Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)


부산

Sino-Korean word from 釜山, from 釜 (“phonogramic character”) + 山 (“mountain”). In the fifteenth century, the place name was written 부산 (富山, Busan), with a different character to represent the presumably native element bu-, of unclear meaning.

ko-etym-Sino

부산광역시


벨리즈

[pe̞ʎʎid͡ʑɯ]


브라질리아

[pɯɾa̠d͡ʑiʎʎia̠]

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

Brasília (a municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil)


상하이

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:상하이시


마이애미

Miami (a city in Florida, United States)


러시아

(South Korea) Russia (a country in Eastern Europe and Asia)


대구

Sino-Korean word from 大邱 (“large hill”).

대구 광역시


알제리

[a̠ʎd͡ʑe̞ɾi]


삼성

Sino-Korean word from 三聖, from 三 (“three”) + 聖 (“sage”). Literally "the Three Sages."

[sʰa̠msʰʌ̹ŋ]

Various groupings of famous Chinese sages; frequently Lao Tzu, Confucius, and Yan Hui.

Hwanin, Hwanung, and Dangun, three key figures in the Dangun foundation myth.


삼성

Sino-Korean word from 三星, from 三 (“three”) + 星 (“star”)

[sʰa̠msʰʌ̹ŋ]


샌디에이고

San Diego (a city in California, United States)


서울

→ Burmese: ဆောအူလ် (hcau:ul)

zh-l

首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)

→ Chinese: 首爾／首尔 (Shǒu'ěr)

desc

→ English: Seoul (possibly through a French-based romanization)

→ French: Séoul

→ English: Seoul (possible)

→ Japanese: ソウル

→ Norwegian Bokmål: Seoul

→ Spanish: Seúl

First attested in the generic "capital" sense in the Samguk yusa (三國遺事 / 삼국유사), 1281:
:
The modern sense of "Seoul" is simply because Seoul was the capital of Korea from 1394 onwards.
In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 셔〯ᄫᅳᆯ (Yale: syěWùl).
Also attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 셔〯욿 (Yale: syěwùlh).
Etymological details
As mentioned in the Samguk yusa, the sense of "capital" is most likely a generalization of the Old Korean place name referring specifically to the capital of Silla, the ancient state which unified Korea. This place name was transcribed using various Chinese characters, most often 徐羅伐 (Middle Korean Syelapel, modern Seorabeol). This appears to be a compound of:
* the Old Korean proper noun corresponding to Silla, approximated as Syela-. Note that Middle Korean rising pitch, as in syě, is created by a contraction of two syllables, which fits this theory.
* an Old Korean word meaning "town", approximated as -pel (compare Proto-Indo-European *tpelH- (“city, fortification”)), which can be seen in many other ancient toponyms. Note that Middle Korean -W- comes from former *-p-. Also compare Middle Korean *고ᄫᆞᆶ (Yale: *kwòWòlh, “town, district”) and 스〮ᄀᆞᄫᆞᆯ (Yale: súkòWòl, “rural town”), where this word has survived in fossilized form.
Hence the word may originally have meant "the town of the Silla".

lang

국호서라벌우서벌^(-이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^(-라)

국호서라벌우서벌^(이니) 금속훈경자운서벌^은 이차고야^라

ko-etym-native

The name of the [capital of the] kingdom [of Silla, the ancient kingdom which unified the Korean peninsula in the late 600s] was Syelapel or Syepel. This is why, [even] today, the Korean word for the character 京 (gyeong, “capital city”) is syepel.

國號徐羅伐又徐伐，今俗訓「京」字云徐伐，以此故也。

서울에 가요.
Seour-e gayo.
(I am, you are, he is, etc.) going to Seoul. / Let's go to Seoul
Audio (South Korea): (file)


브라질

[pɯɾa̠d͡ʑiɭ]


베이징

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:베이징


제네바

Geneva (a city, the regional capital of Geneva canton, Switzerland)


비엔나

Synonym of 빈 (bin, “Vienna, the capital city of Austria”)


메릴랜드

[~주(州)] Maryland (a state of the United States)

주: 앨라배마 · 알래스카 · 애리조나 · 아칸소 · 캘리포니아 · 콜로라도 · 코네티컷 · 델라웨어 · 플로리다 · 조지아 · 하와이 · 아이다호 · 일리노이 · 인디애나 · 아이오와 · 캔자스 · 켄터키 · 루이지애나 · 메인 · 메릴랜드 · 매사추세츠 · 미시간 · 미네소타 · 미시시피 · 미주리 · 몬태나 · 네브래스카 · 네바다 · 뉴햄프셔 · 뉴저지 · · 뉴욕 · 노스캐롤라이나 · 노스다코타 · 오하이오 · 오클라호마 · 오리건 · 펜실베이니아 · 로드아일랜드 · 사우스캐롤라이나 · 사우스다코타 · 테네시 · 텍사스 · 유타 · 버몬트 · 버지니아 · 워싱턴 · 웨스트버지니아 · 위스콘신 · 와이오밍

속령: 아메리칸사모아 · 괌 · 북마리아나 제도 · 푸에르토리코 · 미국령 군소 제도 · 미국령 버진아일랜드


오하이오

[~주(州)] Ohio (a state of the United States)


미주리

[~주(州)] Missouri (a state of the United States)


루이지애나

[~주(州)] Louisiana (a state of the United States)


버지니아

[~주(州)] Virginia (a state of the United States)


앨라배마

[ɛɭɭa̠bɛma̠]

[~주(州)] Alabama (a state of the United States)


로드아일랜드

[ɾo̞dɯa̠iɭɭɛndɯ]

[~주(州)] Rhode Island (a state of the United States)


조지아

Name of Georgia (country)#Gruziya
ko:조지아
ko:조지아주

From English Georgia. This has long been in use as a name for the state of the United States, this word began to be used increasingly to refer to the country of Georgia as well following a request by Georgia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2011 (see Wikipedia's Name of Georgia (country)#Gruziya and a related Telegraph article). Compare Japanese ジョージア (Jōjia).

[~주(州)] (South Korea) Georgia (a state of the United States)

(South Korea) Georgia (a country in Europe and Asia)


네바다

[~주(州)] Nevada (a state of the United States)


공부

(historical politics) The imperial Chinese Ministry of Works from the Tang to Qing dynasties

(historical politics) the Korean ministry of Works of Goryeo Kingdom


모로니

Moroni (the capital city of the Comoros)


리옹

Lyons, Lyon (a city in Rhône-Alpes, France)


앙골라

[a̠ŋɡo̞ɭɭa̠]


밀라노

Milan (a city and province, the regional capital of Lombardy, Italy)


사나

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


아디스아바바

Addis Ababa (the capital city of Ethiopia)


이슬라마바드

Islamabad (the capital city of Pakistan)


그린란드

Greenland (A large self-governing dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


마드라스

Madras, Chennai (a city, the state capital of Tamil Nadu, India)


두바이

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

Dubai (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

Dubai (the capital city of Dubai emirate, United Arab Emirates)


리스본

Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula#English

Lisbon (a port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal)


아이슬란드

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in Europe, North Atlantic Ocean; capital: Reykjavík)


시드니

[~시(市)] Sydney (a major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia)

[~시(市)] Sydney (a former city in Nova Scotia, Canada)


바베이도스

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


우간다

From Swahili Uganda (“Buganda, subnational kingdom”), from Luganda Buganda (“land of the Ganda”).


방글라데시

[pa̠ŋɡɯɭɭa̠de̞ɕ͈i]


엘살바도르

[e̞ɭsʰa̠ɭba̠do̞ɾɯ]

El Salvador (a country in Central America)


일리노이

[~주(州)] Illinois (a state of the United States)


본

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Bonn (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


미시간

[~주(州)] Michigan (a state of the United States)


메인

[~주(州)] Maine (a state of the United States)


오리건

[~주(州)] Oregon (a state of the United States)


당

Sino-Korean word from 黨 (“party, faction”).

ko-etym-sino

우리의 아버진 김일성원수님
 우리의 집은 당의 품
 우리는 모두 다 친형제
 세상에 부럼없어라

1961, “세상에 부럼없어라 (Sesang'e bureomeopseora) [We have nothing to envy in the world]”, 집체(集體) (jipche, “collective work”) (lyrics):

Our father is Marshall Kim Il Sung
 Our home is the bosom of the Party
 We are all brothers and sisters
 We have nothing to envy in the world.

Uri-ui abeojin Gimilseong'wonsunim
 Uri-ui jib-eun dang-ui pum
 Uri-neun modu da chinhyeongje
 Sesang-e bureomeopseora


고려

→ English: Goryeo， → English: Korea

→ Japanese: 高(こう)麗(らい) (Kōrai)

→ Russian: Корё (Korjó)

고려대학교

고려에서 있지 암두?

2015 February 20, 강 보릐스 [gang boruiseu], “일본(한 본)의 유래 [ilbon(han bon)ui yurae]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye], 우즈베키스탄 누쿠스 [ujeubekiseutan nukuseu]:


支那

hanja form of 지나 (“(prewar, often considered derogatory in modern speech) China”)


조선반도

(North Korea, Japan, Yanbian) Korean Peninsula


海南

hanja form of 해남 (“Hainan; Haenam county”)


瑞士

(obsolete) hanja form of 서사 (“Switzerland”)


카나다

(North Korea, dated in South Korea) Canada (a country in North America)

캐나다 is considered the correct spelling in South Korea

카나다 is used in North Korea and among older speakers in South Korea

and also worldwide as a representation of the French pronunciation


중

Sino-Korean word from 中 (“centre; middle”).

the hanja entry at 中 for Sino-Korean compounds of 중


명

Sino-Korean word from 明, from the Middle Korean reading 며ᇰ (Yale: myèng).

the hanja entry at 明 for Sino-Korean compounds of 명


어디

Hangulization of the Hungarian Ady Endre.


우리나라

Univerbation of 우리 (uri, “our”) + 나라 (nara, “country”). Cognate with Jeju 우리나라 (urinara). Compare Chinese 我國／我国 (wǒguó), Japanese わがくに (wa ga kuni).

zh-l

我國／我国 (wǒguó)

우리나라에 살면서 한국말을 못 해?

He lives in Korea, and can't speak Korean?

Urinara-e salmyeonseo han'gungmar-eul mot hae?

우리 나라 조선족들의 거주실정으로부터 출발하여[…]

1983, 리윤규 [riyun'gyu, Ri Yun-gyu], “우리 나라에서의 조선어방언토의 사용실태 [uri nara'eseoui joseoneobang'eontoui sayongsiltae, The present conditions of the use of Korean dialectal particles in China]”, in Jungguk Joseoneomun, volume 3, 吉林民族事务委员会, pages 39—44:

[We shall] begin with the residential conditions of the Korean populations of China […]

우리 나라는 통일된 다민족 국가이다. 여러 민족의 다원일체는 선인들이 우리에게 남겨놓은 중요한 재부이자 우리 나라의 거대한 우세이다.

2021, “중화민족 공동체 의식 부각해야 [junghwaminjok gongdongche uisik bugakhaeya, We must emphasize the community consciousness of the Chinese nation]”, in Yeonbyeon ilbo:

China is a united multinational state. The unity in diversity of its many nations is an important heritage that our ancestors have left us, and an enormous advantage of China's.


동양

Sino-Korean word from 東洋, from 東 (“eastern”) + 洋 (“ocean, foreign”)


소설

[ˈsʰo̞(ː)sʰʌ̹ɭ]


훈몽자회

Hunmongjahoe (romanization)
訓蒙字會 (hanja)

[ˈɸʷu(ː)nmo̞ŋd͡ʑa̠ɦø̞]

Sino-Korean word from 訓 (“teach”) + 蒙 (“ignorant”) + 字 (“character”) + 會 (“to assemble, meet together”).

Collection of Characters for Training the Unenlightened: a 1527 book by Choe Sejin that defined the modern order and names of the hangeul letters as currently used in South Korea


太平道

Taepyeongdo (romanization)
태평도 (hangeul)

hanja form of 태평도 (“Way of the Great Peace”)


甲子

hanja form of 갑자 (“Wood Rat, the first in the sexagenary cycle”)


흄

A transliteration of the English surname Hume

A transliteration of the English surname Hulme


저장

[t͡ɕʌ̹d͡ʑa̠ŋ]


영

the hanja entry at 英 for Sino-Korean compounds of 영

Short for 영국(英國) (yeongguk, “United Kingdom”).

Short for 영어(英語) (yeong'eo, “English language”).


경기

Sino-Korean word from 京畿, from 京 (“capital”) + 畿 (“capital precinct”).


지구

Sino-Korean word from 地球, from 地 (“ground”) + 球 (“ball”).


정말

(obsolete) Denmark (a country in Europe)


현대

Sino-Korean word from 現代, from 現 (“now”) + 代 (“age”).


구성

Kusong (a city in North Pyongan Province, North Korea)


미

the hanja entry at 美 for Sino-Korean compounds of 미


中國大陸

Junggukdaeryuk (romanization)
중국대륙 (hangeul)

중국대륙 중국대륙#Korean


최

Korean reading of various Chinese characters

A common Korean family name, usually romanized as "Choi."


京城

hanja form of 경성 (“(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō”)


남한

Sino-Korean word from 南韓, from 南 (“South”) + 韓 (“Korea”)

(South Korea) Synonym of 한국 (Han'guk, “South Korea”)


나폴리

Naples (a city and province, the regional capital of Campania, Italy)


徐徐

hanja form of 서서 (“slowly; gradually; leisurely”)


SKY

Alternative spelling of 스카이 (Seukai, “Seoul, Korea, and Yonsei Universities”).


자메이카

Jamaica (an island country in the Caribbean)


잉글랜드

[iŋɡɯɭɭɛndɯ]

[iŋɡɯɭɭe̞ndɯ]


홍해

Sino-Korean word from 紅海, from 紅 (“red”) + 海 (“sea”)


공화국

Sino-Korean word from 공화(共和) (gonghwa, “republic”) + 국(國) (guk, “country”), from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 共和国(きょうわこく) (kyōwakoku).

ko-etym-sino

조선민주주의인민공화국 조선민주주의인민공화국#Korean

(North Korea) Short for 조선민주주의인민공화국 (Joseonminjujuuiinmin'gonghwaguk, “the Democratic People's Republic of Korea”).


일본해

Sea of Japan (not a preferred name in both Koreas)


백악관

Sino-Korean word from 白堊館, an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 白堊館(はくあかん) (Hakuakan).

the White House (The official residence of the President of the United States of America)


동해

Sino-Korean word from 東海, from 東 (“east”) + 海 (“sea”)

ko-etym-Sino

일본해(日本海)

Sea of Japan; dispreferred in both Koreas


가야

Gaya (romanization)
伽倻 (hanja)
伽耶 (hanja)
加耶 (hanja)

Gaya, an ancient confederacy of city-states in the Nakdong River valley of central and southern Korea


觀音

Gwaneum (romanization)
Kwanŭm (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Kwan.um (Yale romanization)
관음 (hangeul)


上座部

hanja form of 상좌부 (“(Buddhism) Theravada”)


上座部佛教

ko-proper noun

上座部佛教 • (Sangjwabubulgyo) (hangeul 상좌부불교)

Sangjwabubulgyo (romanization)
상좌부불교 (hangeul)

上座部佛敎 上座部佛敎#Korean

Alternative form of 上座部佛敎 (“(Buddhism) Theravada Buddhism”)


彌勒菩薩

Mireukbosal (romanization)
Mirŭkposal (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Milukqposal (Yale romanization)
미륵보살 (hangeul)

미륵보살 미륵보살#Korean

hanja form of 미륵보살 (“Maitreya bodhisattva”)


호주

Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)


호주

hoju (A patriarchal family registration system in Korea)


서구

Shortened form of 서구라파 (西歐羅巴, seogurapa, “Western Europe”).


기사

The sixth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Earth Snake" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


연기

Sino-Korean word from 燕 (“swallow”) + 岐 (“path”).

ko-etym-sino

(~군(郡)) A former county of South Korea, annexed into Sejong City in 2012.


彌勒

Mireuk (romanization)
Mirŭk (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Miluk (Yale romanization)
미륵 (hangeul)


섭

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.


미하일

Михаи́л Михаил#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Михаи́л (Mixaíl), Mikhail.


TK

From McCune-Reischauer Romanization initials of Taegu and Kyŏngbuk.

Daegu–Gyeongbuk; Daegu and North Gyeongsang


中東

Jungdong (romanization)
Chungdong (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Cwungtong (Yale romanization)
중동 (hangeul)


가톨릭

(religion, Christianity) Catholicism; the Catholic Church


갈리시아

autonomous community
autonomous community

Galicia (an autonomous community of Spain)


고구려

The origin is uncertain. Possibilities include:
* Might be cognate with Goguryeo 忽 (*kuru, “town”), compare Jurchen  (*guru-un, “country”), Manchu ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country”) and Japanese 国 (kuni, “country”).
* Might be cognate with Korean 구리 (guri, “copper”), compare Mongolian ᠭᠠᠤᠯᠢ (ɣauli, “brass”).

Three Kingdoms of Korea
w:Three Kingdoms of Korea

Goguryeo (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)


과테말라

Guatemala (a country in Central America)


과떼말라

(North Korea) Guatemala (a country in Central America)


괌도

From 괌 (gwam, “Guam”) + 도(島) (-do, “island”).


江東

hanja form of 강동 (“a county of North Korea”)


구마모또

(North Korea) Kumamoto (a city in Japan)


아리스토텔레스

[a̠ɾisʰɯtʰo̞tʰe̞ɭɭe̞sʰɯ]

From Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).


米國

(North Korea) hanja form of 미국 (“America, United States”)


까메룬

(North Korea) Cameroon (a country in Africa)


百越

hanja form of 백월 (“Baiyue (the "hundred Yue tribes" to China's south between the first millennium BC and the first millennium AD)”)


黃帝

hanja form of 황제 (“(Chinese mythology) the Yellow Emperor (legendary Chinese sovereign)”)


南京

hanja form of 남경 (“alternative name of Nanjing”)


북한

Sino-Korean word from 北韓, from 北 (“North”) + 韓 (“Korea”)

ko-etym-Sino

(South Korea) North Korea (a country in East Asia)


금성

Sino-Korean word from 金星, from 金 (“gold”) + 星 (“star”).


천왕성

Cheonwangseong (romanization)
天王星 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹nwa̠ŋsʰʌ̹ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 天王星, from 天 (“sky”) + 王 (“king”) + 星 (“star”).


토성

Sino-Korean word from 土星, from 土 (“earth”) + 星 (“star”).


명왕성

Myeong'wangseong (romanization)
冥王星 (hanja)

[mjʌ̹ŋwa̠ŋsʰʌ̹ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 冥王星, from 冥 (“dark, gloomy; related to the underworld”) + 王 (“king”) + 星 (“star”), from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 冥王星 (Meiōsei).


해왕성

[ˈhɛ(ː)wa̠ŋsʰʌ̹ŋ]

[ˈhe̞(ː)wa̠ŋsʰʌ̹ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 海王星, from 海 (“sea”) + 王 (“king”) + 星 (“star”).

ko-etym-Sino

Neptune (eighth planet of the solar system)


화성

Sino-Korean word from 火星, from 火 (“fire”) + 星 (“star”).

[ˈɸwa̠(ː)sʰʌ̹ŋ]


화성

[ˈɸwa̠(ː)sʰʌ̹ŋ]

Hwaseong (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


목성

Sino-Korean word from 木星, from 木 (“wood”) + 星 (“star”).


수성

Sino-Korean word from 水星, from 水 (“water”) + 星 (“star”).


天秤座

Cheonchingjwa (romanization)
천칭좌 (hangeul)


南越

hanja form of 남월 (“Nanyue (204 BC-111 BC)”)


南氷洋

Nambingnyang (romanization)
Nambingnyang (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Nampingnyang (Yale romanization)
남빙양 (hangeul)

hanja form of 남빙양 (“Southern Icy Ocean”)


無人

hanja form of 무인 (“uninhabited, unmanned”)


觀世音

hanja form of 관세음 (“(Buddhism) Guanyin”)


大乘佛教

Daeseungbulgyo (romanization)
대승불교 (hangeul)

대승불교 대승불교#Korean

hanja form of 대승불교 (“(Buddhism) Mahayana Buddhism”)


수라간

(historical) the royal kitchen in dynastic Korea


흑룡강

Heungnyonggang (romanization)
黑龍江 (hanja)

[xɯŋɲoŋɡa̠ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 黑龍江. A calque of Amur, as likely as Manchu ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ (sahaliyan ula, “black river”) and Mongolian ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ (qaramüren, “black river”).

cog

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ


아무르강

[a̠muɾɯɡa̠ŋ]

Compound of Russian Амур (Amur) + 강(江) (gang, “river”).


極東

Geukdong (romanization)
Kŭktong (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Kukqtong (Yale romanization)
극동 (hangeul)


漢江

Han'gang (romanization)
Han'gang (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Hānkang (Yale romanization)
한강 (hangeul)


페르세포네

From Ancient Greek Περσεφόνη (Persephónē).

(Greek mythology) Persephone (Greek goddess)


봉

A rare Korean family name, usually romanized "Bong" or "Pong."


레

Leh (a town in Leh district, Ladakh, India)


백제

[pɛk̚t͡ɕ͈e̞]

Baekje (one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea)


리

Sino-Korean word from 李, Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Lǐ) and 니〯 (Nǐ).

North Korea standard form of 이(李) (I, “Lee”, the second most common Korean surname).


태양계

[tʰɛja̠ŋɡe̞]

Sino-Korean word from 太陽系, from 太陽 (“sun”) + 系 (“system”)


부처

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 부텨 (Yale: Pwùthyè), from Late Old Korean 佛體 (*PWUthye?), from Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye, which was also loaned into Manchu ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi, “Buddha”) and Japanese 仏(ほとけ) (hotoke, “Buddha”) when Koreans spread Buddhism to those peoples. See the Proto-Korean entry for more. The first two syllables are ultimately from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá), via Middle Chinese 佛陀 (MC bjut da) or some similar Sinitic form. Thomas Pellard speculates that the final element is an ancient Koreanic word for "king; lord".
The traditional etymology still given in Korean dictionaries is that this is a non-Sino-Korean form of the Chinese phrase 佛體 (MC bjut thejX), meaning "body of the Buddha", but this is problematic both phonologically (pitch accent and vocalism mismatch) and historically (inability to explain the match between Japanese and Manchu without positing a Korean source for both).

ko-etym-native

^붓다

less common, intentional Sanskritization

Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism)


漢陽

hanja form of 한양 (“(historical) Hanyang (an old term for Seoul)”)


홋카이도

(South Korea) Hokkaido (a northern largest island of Japan, or a prefecture based in itself)


劣等

hanja form of 열등 (“inferior; low-grade”)


乙丑

hanja form of 을축 (“Wood Ox, the second in the sexagenary cycle”)


丙寅

hanja form of 병인 (“Fire Tiger, the third in the sexagenary cycle”)


戊辰

hanja form of 무진 (“Earth Dragon, the fifth in the sexagenary cycle”)


夫餘

hanja form of 부여 (“an ancient Korean kingdom existing between the 2nd century BC and 494; Buyeo”)


쿠바

Cuba (an island country in North America)


병신

The thirty-third term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Fire Monkey" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


國際歌

hanja form of 국제가 (“The Internationale”)


國民黨

Gungmindang (romanization)
국민당 (hangeul)


야쿠츠크

Borrowed from Russian Яку́тск (Jakútsk).

Yakutsk (a city, the regional capital of Sakha, Russia)


天主

hanja form of 천주 (“the Lord of Heaven; God”)


病者

hanja form of 병자 (“sick person; patient (literary)”)


알바니아

Ultimately from Byzantine Greek Ἀλβανία (Albanía).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Albania (a country in Southeast Europe; capital: 티라나 (Tirana))


우크라이나

Borrowed from Ukrainian Украї́на (Ukrajína) or Russian Украи́на (Ukraína).


벨라루스

[pe̞ɭɭa̠ɾusʰɯ]


바르샤바

[pa̠ɾɯɕʰa̠ba̠]


프라하

Prague (a capital city in the Czech Republic)


브라티슬라바

[pɯɾa̠tʰisʰɯɭɭa̠ba̠]

Bratislava (the capital city of Slovakia)


류블랴나

Ljubljana (the capital city of Slovenia)


오사카

From Japanese 大阪 (おおさか, Ōsaka, literally “large hill”).

bor

Osaka (a prefecture on the island of Honshu, Japan).


하얼빈

Harbin (the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


임진왜란

Sino-Korean word from 壬辰 (“twenty-ninth year of the sexagenary cycle; the year 1592”) + 倭 (“(historical) Japan”) + 亂 (“disturbance”).

ko-etym-sino

(now South Korea, historical) The Japanese invasion of Korea from 1592 to 1598, one of the largest wars of the sixteenth century

(now South Korea, historical) More specifically, the first phase of this war that began with a major Japanese offensive in 1592


장수

Sino-Korean word from 張宿 (“Extended Net Mansion”).

Twenty-Eight Mansions
w:Twenty-Eight Mansions

(Chinese astronomy) Extended Net Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)


이스라엘

[isʰɯɾa̠e̞ɭ]


쿠알라룸푸르

Kuala Lumpur (a federal territory of Malaysia)


칼리닌그라드

Borrowed from Russian Калинингра́д (Kaliningrád).

bor+

Калинингра́д

Kaliningrad (a city, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)


인촨

Yinchuan (the capital city of Ningxia, China)


六曹

hanja form of 육조 (“Six Ministries of Joseon”)


조계종

[t͡ɕo̞ɡje̞d͡ʑo̞ŋ]

[t͡ɕo̞ɡe̞d͡ʑo̞ŋ]


육조

Sino-Korean word from 六曹, from 六 (“six”) + 曹 (“ministry”)

ko-etym-Sino

(history) The six major ministries of the Korean Joseon Dynasty, namely the ministries of personnel, taxation, rites, military affairs, punishments, and public works.


베트남

Probably from Japanese ベトナム (Betonamu), ultimately from English Vietnam. Doublet of 월남(越南).

(South Korea) Vietnam (a country in Asia)


블라디보스토크

Borrowed from Russian Владивосто́к (Vladivostók).

bor

Владивосто́к

Russian Far East
Russian Far East#English

(South Korea) Vladivostok (a city and seaport in the Russian Far East, on the Sea of Japan, near North Korea; the administrative centre of Primorsky Krai)


도쿄

Borrowed from Japanese 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō).

ja-r

東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō)


아담

Likely borrowed from Biblical Hebrew אָדָם (adam, “earth, man, soil, light brown”).

bor

(biblical) Adam (first man in the Bible and Qur’an)


이아

Erya (the oldest surviving Chinese dictionary or Chinese encyclopedia known)


타이페이

타이베이 타이베이#Korean

(nonstandard) Synonym of 타이베이 (taibei, “Taipei, the capital city of Taiwan”).


미아

A transliteration of the English female given name Mia.


타이베이

zh-l

臺北／台北 (Táiběi)


울란바토르

Ulaanbaatar (the capital city of Mongolia)


이집트 아랍 공화국

[이집트아랍공(ː)화국]

From 이집트 (Ijipteu, “Egypt”) + 아랍 (arap, “Arab”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

compound

Arab Republic of Egypt
Arab Republic of Egypt


타슈켄트

Tashkent (the capital city of Uzbekistan)


뉴질랜드

[ɲud͡ʑiɭɭɛndɯ]


베오그라드

[pe̞o̞ɡɯɾa̠dɯ]


중화인민공화국

ko-pos

중화인민공화국 • (Junghwainmin'gonghwaguk) (hanja 中華人民共和國)

Junghwainmin'gonghwaguk (romanization)
中華人民共和國 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 중화(中華) (junghwa, “China”) + 인민(人民) (inmin, “people”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

ko-etym-sino

People's Republic of China (official name of China)


미얀마

(South Korea) Myanmar (a country in Asia)


그루지야

From Russian Гру́зия (Grúzija). This is the current name in North Korean usage. In South Korean the synonym 조지아 (Jojia) is also used due to a request by Georgia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2011. Compare Japanese グルジア (Gurujia).

(North Korea) Synonym of 조지아 (Jojia, “Georgia (a country in Europe and Asia)”)


소치

Sochi (a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia)


이르쿠츠크

[iɾɯkʰut͡ɕʰɯkxɯ]

Irkutsk (an oblast of Russia in Siberia)

Irkutsk (a city, the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia)


주롱 이스트

[t͡ɕuɾo̞ŋ isʰɯtʰɯ]


華盛頓

Hwaseongdon (romanization)
화성돈 (hangeul)

hanja form of 화성돈 (“(obsolete) Washington”)


후지산

Compound of Japanese 富士 (Fuji) + 산(山) (san, “mountain”), or directly from Japanese 富士山(ふじさん) (Fujisan).

compound+

Mount Fuji (the highest mountain in Japan)


漢城

hanja form of 한성 (“(historical) Hanseong (Seoul during the Joseon dynasty)”)


新西蘭

(obsolete) hanja form of 신서란 (“New Zealand”)


大越

hanja form of 대월 (“the official name referring to Vietnamese dynasties beginning with the rule of Lý Thánh Tông (r. 1054-1072) until 1400, then again from 1428 to 1804”)


카불

Ultimately from Classical Persian کابل (kābul).

Holonym: 아프가니스탄 (Apeuganiseutan)


카타르

[kʰa̠tʰa̠ɾɯ]

Qatar (a country in Asia, in the Middle East)


키르기스스탄

[cçiɾɯɡisʰɯsʰɯtʰa̠n]


아프가니스탄

Ultimately from Classical Persian افغانستان (afğānistān).

der

Afghanistan (A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia; capital: 카불 (Kabul))


샌프란시스코

[sʰɛnpʰɯɾa̠nɕʰisʰɯkʰo̞]

[sʰe̞npʰɯɾa̠nɕʰisʰɯkʰo̞]

San Francisco (a city in California, United States)


카옌

Cayenne (the capital of the French Guiana department)


攝氏

(attributive) hanja form of 섭씨 (“Celsius; centigrade”)


華氏

(attributive) hanja form of 화씨 (“Fahrenheit”)


자카르타

[t͡ɕa̠kʰa̠ɾɯtʰa̠]


예카테린부르크

Borrowed from Russian Екатеринбу́рг (Jekaterinbúrg).

bor

Екатеринбу́рг

Yekaterinburg (a city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)


노보시비르스크

Borrowed from Russian Новосиби́рск (Novosibírsk).

Новосиби́рск

Novosibirsk (an oblast of Russia in Siberia)

Novosibirsk (a city, the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia)


紫禁城

Jageumseong (romanization)
자금성 (hangeul)


이도

Ido (artificial language reformed from Esperanto)


아제르바이잔

Azerbaijan (a country in Europe and Asia)


스리랑카

[sʰɯɾiɾa̠ŋkʰa̠]


滿洲國

hanja form of 만주국 (“(historical) Manchukuo”)


앙카라

[a̠ŋkʰa̠ɾa̠]


멜버른

[me̞ɭbʌ̹ɾɯn]

Melbourne (a city, the state capital of Victoria, Australia)


道德經

Dodeokgyeong (romanization)
도덕경 (hangeul)


몬트리올

From English Montreal, from French Montréal.

[~시(市)] Montreal (a city in Quebec, Canada)


創氏改名

ko-proper noun

創氏改名 • (Changssigaemyeong) (hangeul 창씨개명)

Changssigaemyeong (romanization)
창씨개명 (hangeul)

창씨개명 창씨개명#Korean


베이루트

Borrowed from English Beirut, from Arabic بَيْرُوت (bayrūt).


모리셔스

[mo̞ɾiɕʰʌ̹sʰɯ]

Mauritius (an island and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


스코페

Skopje (the capital city of North Macedonia)


레닌그라드

Borrowed from Russian Ленингра́д (Leningrád).

(historical) Leningrad (a city in Leningrad Oblast, Russia); former name of Saint Petersburg, used from 1924 to 1991


大連

hanja form of 대련 (“Dalian (a major subprovincial city in Liaoning, in northeastern China)”)


보스니아 헤르체고비나

[보스니아헤르체고비나]

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country in Europe)


코트디부아르

Côte d'Ivoire (the official name of Ivory Coast (a country in Africa))


워싱턴

[wʌ̹ɕʰiŋtʰʌ̹n]

[~주(州)] Washington (a state of the United States)

[~시(市)] Washington (the capital city of the United States)

A transliteration of the English surname Washington.


선전

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:선전시

[sʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑʌ̹n]


法輪大法

Beomnyundaebeop (romanization)
법륜대법 (hangeul)

법륜대법 법륜대법#Korean

hanja form of 법륜대법 (“Falun Dafa, Synonym of 法輪功”)


法輪功

Beomnyun'gong (romanization)
법륜공 (hangeul)


포트모르즈비

[pʰo̞tʰɯmo̞ɾɯd͡ʑɯbi]

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

Port Moresby (the capital city of Papua New Guinea)


페샤와르

[pʰe̞ɕʰa̠wa̠ɾɯ]

North West Frontier
North West Frontier#English

Peshawar (a city, the provincial capital of North West Frontier, Pakistan)


스몰렌스크

Borrowed from Russian Смоле́нск (Smolénsk).

Smolensk (a city, the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia)


심페로폴

[ɕʰimpʰe̞ɾo̞pʰo̞ɭ]

Simferopol (the capital city of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine and capital city of the Republic of Crimea, Russia)


카자흐스탄

[kʰa̠d͡ʑa̠ɣɯsʰɯtʰa̠n]


캔버라

[kʰɛnbʌ̹ɾa̠]

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory#English

Canberra (the capital city of Australia; located in the Australian Capital Territory)


멜번

(Australia) Alternative form of 멜버른 (Melbeoreun, “Melbourne (a city, the state capital of Victoria, Australia)”), used by the Korean community in Australia to reflect the local pronunciation of Melbourne.


키프로스

[cçipʰɯɾo̞sʰɯ]


성경

[ˈsʰɘ(ː)ŋɡjʌ̹ŋ]


유럽

Unknown. Perhaps borrowed from English Europe, ultimately from Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē).


歐美

hanja form of 구미 (“Europe and America; the West, Occident”)


나홋카

Borrowed from Russian Нахо́дка (Naxódka).

Nakhodka (a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia)


마하라슈트라 주

[ma̠ɦa̠ɾa̠ɕʰutʰɯɾa̠ t͡ɕu]

마하라슈트라 (Maharasyuteura, “Maharashtra”) + 주(州) (ju, “state”).


비잔티온

From Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion).

(history, Byzantine Empire) Byzantium (ancient Greek city situated on the Bosporus in modern Turkey, later called Constantinople; modern Istanbul)


오스트리아

[o̞sʰɯtʰɯɾia̠]


포르투갈

[pʰo̞ɾɯtʰuɡa̠ɭ]


크로아티아

(South Korea) Croatia (a country in Europe)


이집트

From English Egypt. Doublet of 애굽 (Aegup).

이집트는 북동 아프리카에 위치한 나라이다.

Egypt is a country located in northeast Africa.

ijipteuneun bukdong Apeurika'e wichihan naraida.


三位一體

Samwiilche (romanization)
삼위일체 (hangeul)

삼위일체 삼위일체#Korean


강화도

Sino-Korean word from 江華島, literally "River-Prosperous Island".

Ganghwa Island, at the mouth of the Han River near Seoul.


四書

hanja form of 사서 (“The Four Books (Confucian texts)”)


丁酉

hanja form of 정유 (“Fire Rooster, the thirty-fourth in the sexagenary cycle”)


멕시코

(South Korea) Mexico (a country in North America)


아랍에미리트

United Arab Emirates (a country in Asia)


쿠웨이트

Kuwait (a country in Asia, in the Middle East)


니카라과

Nicaragua (a country in Central America)


聖靈

hanja form of 성령 (“Holy Spirit; Holy Ghost”)


聖神

hanja form of 성신 (“Holy Spirit; Holy Ghost”)


世尊

hanja form of 세존 (“(Buddhism) the World-Honored One, an honorific name for the Gautama Buddha; an indigenous agricultural deity often associated with the Buddha”)


中庸

Four Books
w:Four Books and Five Classics

hanja form of 중용 (“the Doctrine of the Mean (one of the Four Books (사서 (saseo)) of Confucianism)”)


투르크메니스탄

From Russian Туркмениста́н (Turkmenistán).

bor

Туркмениста́н


트리니다드 토바고

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Trinidad and Tobago (a country in North America)


타이완

Borrowed from Mandarin 臺灣／台湾 (Táiwān), from Literary Chinese 臺灣, from Hokkien 大員 (Tāi-oân), 大圓, 臺員, 大灣, 臺灣, etc., from possibly Siraya.

(South Korea) Taiwan (an island and partly-recognized country in East Asia)


아메리카

Unknown. Perhaps borrowed from English America

America (the continents of North America and South America)

United States of America
United States of America#English

(rare) America, United States of America (a country in North America)


오데사

Odessa (a city, the administrative center of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine)


아틀란티스

[a̠tʰɯɭɭa̠ntʰisʰɯ]


블라디미르

Borrowed from Russian Влади́мир (Vladímir).

Влади́мир Владимир#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Влади́мир (Vladímir), Vladimir.

Vladimir (a city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia)


好不好

(neologism, slang) hanja form of 호불호 (“disagreement on whether something is really good or really bad”)


印度洋

Indoyang (romanization)
Indoyang (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Intoyang (Yale romanization)
인도양 (hangeul)


유고슬라비아

Yugoslavia (a country in Europe, in the Balkans)


프랑스령 기아나

[pʰɯɾa̠ŋsʰɯɾjʌ̹ŋ kia̠na̠]

French Guiana
French Guiana#English:_Q3769

administrative region
administrative region

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


적도 기니

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English


시킴 주

시킴 (Sikim, “Sikkim”) + 주(州) (ju, “state”).

compound

Sikkim (a state in eastern India; capital: Gangtok)


세인트루시아

Saint Lucia (a country in North America)


중화민국

Junghwamin'guk (romanization)
中華民國 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 중화(中華) (junghwa, “Chinese”) + 민국(民國) (min'guk, “republic”).


아레스

(Greek mythology) Ares (the god of war, son of Zeus and Hera)


태평양

Taepyeongnyang (romanization)
太平洋 (hanja)

[tʰɛpʰjʌ̹ŋɲa̠ŋ]

[tʰe̞pʰjʌ̹ŋɲa̠ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 太平洋, from 太平 (“tranquil”) + 洋 (“ocean”)


멕시코 만

멕시코 (Meksiko, “Mexico”) + 만(灣) (man, “gulf, bay”).


바렌츠 해

[pa̠ɾe̞ɲt͡ɕʰɯ hɛ]

[pa̠ɾe̞ɲt͡ɕʰɯ he̞]

바렌츠 (Barencheu, “Barents”) + 해(海) (hae, “sea”).


조선민주주의인민공화국

Joseon Minjujuui Inmin Gonghwaguk (romanization)
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 (hanja)

desc

→ Chinese: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國／朝鲜民主主义人民共和国 (Cháoxiǎn/Cháoxiān Mínzhǔzhǔyì Rénmín Gònghéguó)

ja-r

ちょうせん みんしゅ しゅぎ じんみん きょうわこく

→ Japanese: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国(ちょうせんみんしゅしゅぎじんみんきょうわこく) (chōsen minshu shugi jinmin kyōwakoku)

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹n miɲd͡ʑud͡ʑuɰi inmin ko̞(ː)ŋβwa̠ɡuk̚]

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹n miɲd͡ʑud͡ʑui inmin ko̞(ː)ŋβwa̠ɡuk̚]

조선민주주의인민공(ː)화국

조선민주주이인민공(ː)화국

Sino-Korean word from 조선(朝鮮) (joseon, “Korea”) + 민주주의(民主主義) (minjujuui, “democracy”) + 인민(人民) (inmin, “people”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

ko-etym-sino

Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Democratic People's Republic of Korea

the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

ko:조선민주주의인민공화국


체코슬로바키아

[t͡ɕʰe̞kʰo̞sʰɯɭɭo̞ba̠cçia̠]


사해

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)ɦɛ]

Dead Sea (a highly saline lake in Israel, Palestine and Jordan)


마닐라

Manila (the capital city of the Philippines)


상트페테르부르크

[sʰa̠ŋtʰɯpʰe̞tʰe̞ɾɯbuɾɯkxɯ]

Borrowed from Russian Санкт-Петербу́рг (Sankt-Peterbúrg).

bor

Санкт-Петербу́рг

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia)


시카고

[ɕʰikʰa̠ɡo̞]

Chicago (a large city in Illinois, United States)


비슈케크

Bishkek (the capital city of Kyrgyzstan)


암스테르담

Amsterdam (the capital city of the Netherlands)


산살바도르

San Salvador (the capital city of El Salvador)


산토도밍고

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


다롄

zh-l

大連／大连 (Dàlián)

Dalian (a subprovincial city in Liaoning, China)


부르키나파소

Borrowed from French Burkina Faso; from Moore burkĩna (“honest”) + Dyula faso (“father's house”), coined by Thomas Sankara.


타나토스

(Greek mythology) Thanatos (the god of death)


구글

Google (a particular Internet company; a search engine)


오룔

Oryol (a city, the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia)


烏魯木齊

오로목제 오로목제#Korean


옴스크

Omsk (a city, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia)


홍콩

홍콩에 가다

홍콩에 보내다

Hong Kong (a city and special administrative region of China)


마셜 제도

[ma̠ɕʰʌ̹ɭ t͡ɕe̞do̞]

From English Marshall + 제도(諸島) (jedo, “archipelago”).

com

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English


바누아투

Vanuatu (an archipelago and country in Melanesia)


팔라우

Ultimately from Palauan Belau (“Palau”).


에리트레아

[e̞ɾitʰɯɾe̞a̠]


함부르크

Hamburg (a city, the state capital of Hamburg, Germany)


세이셸

[s͈e̞iɕʰe̞ɭ]


아비장

Abidjan (the largest city in Ivory Coast)


月臺

hanja form of 월대 (“raised stone platform in front of important palace structures”)


로씨야

Borrowed from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja).

(North Korea, Yanbian, Russia) Russia (a country in Eastern Europe and Asia)


理想主義

이상주의 이상주의#Korean


中共

hanja form of 중공 (“People's Republic of China”)


체코

[t͡ɕʰe̞kʰo̞]


史記

hanja form of 사기 (“Records of the Grand Historian”)


西歐

hanja form of 서구 (“Western Europe; the Western world”)


本草綱目

Bonchogangmok (romanization)
본초강목 (hangeul)

본초강목 본초강목#Korean

hanja form of 본초강목 (“Compendium of Materia Medica”)


鮮卑

hanja form of 선비 (“Xianbei (group of northern nomadic peoples)”)


大田

hanja form of 대전 (“Daejeon Metropolitan City”)


松島

hanja form of 송도 (“Songdo Point, a cape (갑) east of Sinpo in South Hamgyong, North Korea”)


성남

Seongnam (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


광주

Gwangju (a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea)


광주

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:광주광역시

Guangzhou (the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China)

Gwangju (a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


優等

hanja form of 우등 (“excellent; superior”)


釋迦牟尼

Seokgamoni (romanization)
석가모니 (hangeul)

석가모니 석가모니#Korean


盤古

hanja form of 반고 (“(Chinese mythology) Pangu”)


남아메리카

From 남(南) (nam, “south”) + 아메리카 (Amerika, “America”).


북아메리카

From 북(北) (buk, “north”) + 아메리카 (Amerika, “America”).


萬里長城

Mallijangseong (romanization)
만리장성 (hangeul)

만리장성 만리장성#Korean

hanja form of 만리장성 (“the Great Wall of China”)


玄武

hanja form of 현무 (“Black Tortoise, literally "Black Warrior", one of the Four Symbols in the Chinese constellations”)


白虎

hanja form of 백호 (“White Tiger, one of the Four Symbols in the Chinese constellations”)


朱雀

hanja form of 주작 (“Vermilion Bird, one of the Four Symbols in the Chinese constellations”)


성탄절

[ˈsʰɘ(ː)ŋtʰa̠ɲd͡ʑʌ̹ɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 聖誕節, from 聖誕 (“holy birth”) + 節 (“festival”)


동경

Sino-Korean word from 동(東) (dong, “east”) + 경(京) (gyeong, “capital”).

ko-etym-sino

(historical) Donggyeong (an old name of Gyeongju, Republic of Korea)

(historical) Donggyeong (an old name of Hunchun, People Republic of China)


수지

Transcription of any of the various diminutives of the name Susan, such as Susie, Susy, Suzie, or Suzy


한류

Sino-Korean word from 韓流, from 韓 (“Korean”) + 流 (“current”).

(South Korea) Hallyu, the Korean Wave (the spread of South Korean popular culture and entertainment in other parts of the world)


먄마

(North Korea) Myanmar (a country in Asia)


天壇

hanja form of 천단 (“the Temple of Heaven”)


누난

A transliteration of the English surname Noonan


白露

hanja form of 백로 (“A solar term around 8 September, traditionally heralding cold weather across China”)


콘리

A transliteration of the English surname Conley.


스타벅스

[sʰɯtʰa̠bʌ̹ks͈ɯ]


강남

→ English: Gangnam

Han River
Jiangnan
Southern Song
Yangtze
ko:강남 (서울)

Sino-Korean word from 강(江) (gang, “river”) + 남(南) (nam, “south”), from the Middle Korean reading 가ᇰ남 (Yale: Kàngnàm).
In Seoul, south of the Han River; in China, south of the Yangtze. The now archaic sense of "China" in general is very old, being attested since at least the fifteenth century, and may date from the Southern Song (1127−1279), when the capital of China was in Jiangnan.

ko-etym-Sino

강남 좌파

champagne socialist (literally, “Gangnam leftist”)

(generally) the south area of the Han River, especially of Seoul, known for its affluent residents

Gangnam (a district of Seoul, South Korea)

Alternative form of 순천 (suncheon) (a city of South Korea)

Jiangnan (the region of China around the Yangtze Delta, the country's most productive area since the early second millennium)

강남천자국

China (literally, “Son of Heaven's country in Jiangnan”)


소련

Sino-Korean word from 蘇聯 (“USSR”) Hanja form 소 (so), the abbreviation of 소비에트 (sobieteu) or orthographic borrowing from Chinese 蘇維埃／苏维埃 (sūwéi'āi) and 연 (yeon), short for 연방 (yeonbang) meaning "union", "federation", or "commonwealth".

obor

(South Korea) Soviet Union (a former country in Eastern Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)


조로아스터

[t͡ɕo̞ɾo̞a̠sʰɯtʰʌ̹]


타지키스탄

From Russian Таджикиста́н (Tadžikistán).

bor

Таджикиста́н


남미

Sino-Korean word from 南美 (“South America”).


남극

Sino-Korean word from 南極 (“the South Pole, the Antarctic”)


뉴욕

[~주(州)] New York (a state of the United States)

[~시(市)] New York (a city in New York, United States)


啓蒙時代

Gyemongsidae (romanization)
계몽시대 (hangeul)

계몽시대 계몽시대#Korean

hanja form of 계몽시대 (“Age of Enlightenment”)


白羊宮

Baegyanggung (romanization)
백양궁 (hangeul)


英語圏

Yeong-eogwon (romanization)
영어권 (hangeul)


安南

hanja form of 안남 (“Annam (the former name of Vietnam)”)


백설

Sino-Korean word from 白雪, from 白 (“white”) + 雪 (“snow”)


비단길

From 비단(緋緞) (bidan, “silk fabric”) + ㅅ (-s-, genitive interfix; omitted from the spelling, but this causes the tense phonation of the following consonant) + 길 (gil, “road”).


朝鮮民主主義人民共和國

Joseonminjujuuiinmin'gonghwaguk (romanization)
조선민주주의인민공화국 (hangeul)

조선민주주의인민공화국 조선민주주의인민공화국#Korean

hanja form of 조선민주주의인민공화국 (“Democratic People's Republic of Korea”)


青銅器時代

ko-proper noun

青銅器時代 • (Cheongdonggi sidae) (hangeul 청동기 시대)

Cheongdonggi sidae (romanization)
청동기 시대 (hangeul)

靑銅器時代 靑銅器時代#Korean

Alternative form of 靑銅器時代 (“Bronze Age”)


독도

A calque-transliteration into Sino-Korean of native 독섬 (dokseom, “islet; rock in the sea”), equivalent to 독 (dok, dialectal form of 돌 (dol, “stone, rock”)) + 섬 (seom, “island”).

compound

dialectal form of <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">돌</i> (dol, “stone, rock”)

Liancourt Rocks (a small rock in the Sea of Japan (East Sea), disputed between the Koreas and Japan)


종로

Jongno (a district of Seoul, South Korea)


태극기

[tʰɛɡɯk̚k͈i]

Sino-Korean word from 太極旗, from 太極 (“taegeuk”) + 旗 (“flag”).

ko-etym-sino

태극기가 펄럭이다.

태극기는 국기 게양일마다 게양 위치가 다르다.

The Taegeukgi has different hoisting positions for each flag hoisting day.

Taegeukgi-neun gukgi geyang'il-mada geyang wichi-ga dareuda.

사람들이 손에 태극기를 쥐며 "대한독립만세!"를 외치고 있다.

People hold the Taegeukgi in their hands and shouting for "Long Live Korean Independence!".

Saram-deur-i son-e Taegeukgi-reul jwimyeo Daehandongnimmanse!-Reul oechigo itda.

Taegeukgi, the official flag of South Korea


청주

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋd͡ʑu]

South Chungcheong
South Chungcheong#English

Cheongju (the provincial capital, the largest city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea)


안주

Anju (a city in South Pyongan Province, North Korea)


ㅌ.ㄷ

타도제국주의동맹 w:ko:타도제국주의동맹

(North Korea) Abbreviation of 타도제국주의동맹 (Tado Jeguk Juui Dongmaeng), the Down-With-Imperialism Union.


互換性

Hohwanseong (romanization)
호환성 (hangeul)


貴族院

Gwijogwon (romanization)
Kwijogwŏn (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Kwīcok.wen (Yale romanization)
귀족원 (hangeul)


신장

[ɕʰiɲd͡ʑa̠ŋ]

Xinjiang (an autonomous region of China)


샘

Korean transliteration of various names.


水滸傳

hanja form of 수호전 (“Water Margin, one of China's Four Great Classical Novels”)


西遊記

hanja form of 서유기 (“(history) Journey to the West”)


紅樓夢

hanja form of 홍루몽 (“Dream of the Red Chamber”)


三國

hanja form of 삼국 (“the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE)”)


立春

hanja form of 입춘 (“the first day of spring according to the traditional lunisolar calendar”)


龍山

hanja form of 용산 (“Yongsan District, Seoul”)


북조선

desc

→ Chinese: 北朝鮮／北朝鲜

→ Chinese: 北朝鮮／北朝鲜

→ Japanese: 北朝鮮 (Kita Chōsen) (calque)

→ Vietnamese: Bắc Triều Tiên

Sino-Korean word from 北朝鮮, from 北 (“North”) + 朝鮮 (“Korea”)

ko-etym-Sino

(Japan, dated in North Korea) North Korea (a country in East Asia)


북경

Sino-Korean word from 북(北) (buk, “north”) + 경(京) (gyeong, “capital”).


大黑天

Daeheukcheon (romanization)
대흑천 (hangeul)


論語

hanja form of 논어 (“Lunyu, the Analects of Confucius (one of the Four Books (四書) of Confucianism)”)


東南亞

hanja form of 동남아 : Southeast Asia (a region of Asia)


印歐語系

In'gueogye (romanization)
인구어계 (hangeul)

인구어계 인구어계#Korean

hanja form of 인구어계 (“Indo-European languages (rare)”)


諸子百家

Jejabaekga (romanization)
제자백가 (hangeul)

제자백가 제자백가#Korean

hanja form of 제자백가 (“Hundred Schools of Thought”)


西半球

hanja form of 서반구 (“Western Hemisphere (hemisphere of the Earth)”)


東半球

hanja form of 동반구 (“Eastern Hemisphere (hemisphere of the Earth)”)


壬申

hanja form of 임신 (“Water Monkey, the ninth in the sexagenary cycle”)


남조선

Sino-Korean word from 南朝鮮, from 南 (“South”) + 朝鮮 (“Korea”)

ko-etym-Sino

남조선국방경비대

South Korean Constabulary of Police Reserve

남조선로동당

Korean reunification#The North's abandonment of peaceful reunification; the South revises plan (2024–present)


한글날

[ˈha̠(ː)nɡɯɭɭa̠ɭ]

Hangul Day (national holiday observed on different dates in North and South Korea)


英聯邦

Yeong'yeonbang (romanization)
영연방 (hangeul)

Commonwealth of Nations
Commonwealth of Nations

hanja form of 영연방 (“Commonwealth of Nations”)


二十八宿

Isip'palsu (romanization)
이십팔수 (hangeul)

이십팔수 이십팔수#Korean

hanja form of 이십팔수 (“the Twenty-Eight Mansions”)


대관령

Daegwallyeong (romanization)
大關嶺 (hanja)

[ˈtɛ(ː)ɡwa̠ʎʎʌ̹ŋ]

[ˈte̞(ː)ɡwa̠ʎʎʌ̹ŋ]


지난

Jinan (the provincial capital of Shandong, China)


북미

Sino-Korean word from 北美 (“North America”)


스위스

Borrowed from Japanese スイス (Suisu), in turn from French Suisse.


싱가포르

[ɕʰiŋɡa̠pʰo̞ɾɯ]

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


美合衆國

Mihapjungguk (romanization)
미합중국 (hangeul)

미합중국 미합중국#Korean

United States of America
United States of America

hanja form of 미합중국 (“United States of America”)


미합중국

Mihapjungguk (romanization)
美合衆國 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 美合衆國, from 美 (“America”) + 合衆國 (“United States”).

미합중국 수정 헌법 제13조는 노예제를 폐지했다.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery.

mihapjungguk sujeong heonbeop je13joneun noyejereul pyejihaetda.

United States of America (a country in North America) (formal and full name of the U.S.)


마케도니아

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Macedonia (a region in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)

Macedonia (an ancient kingdom in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)

Macedonia (an administrative region of Greece)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia, a country in the Balkans in Southeast Europe)


남아프리카

From 남(南) (nam, “south”) + 아프리카 (Apeurika, “Africa”).

compound

남아프리카공화국 남아프리카공화국#Korean

Republic of South Africa
Republic of South Africa

Synonym of 남아프리카공화국 (Namapeurikagonghwaguk, “Republic of South Africa”)

남아프리카공화국

Southern Africa, the geographical region


토론토

[~시(市)] Toronto (the capital city of Ontario, Canada, and largest city in Canada)


오타와

[~시(市)] Ottawa (a city in Ontario, Canada; capital city of Canada)


사라예보

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Sarajevo (the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


스톡홀름

[sʰɯtʰo̞kʰo̞ɭɭɯm]


티라나

Tirana (the capital and largest city of Albania)


포드고리차

[pʰo̞dɯɡo̞ɾit͡ɕʰa̠]


코펜하겐

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


브뤼셀

[pɯɾɥisʰe̞ɭ]


방콕

From English Bangkok, from Thai บางกอก (baang-gɔ̀ɔk).


빌뉴스

(South Korea) Vilnius (the capital city of Lithuania)


愛新覺羅

Aesin'gangna (romanization)
애신각라 (hangeul)

애신각라 애신각라#Korean


두샨베

Dushanbe (the capital city of Tajikistan)


아스하바트

[a̠sʰɯɦa̠ba̠tʰɯ]

Ashgabat (the capital city of Turkmenistan)


콜롬보

Colombo (the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka)


프리토리아

Pretoria (a city, the administrative capital of South Africa)


짐바브웨

From English Zimbabwe, from Shona dzimba-dze-mabwe (“house of stones”), in reference to Great Zimbabwe.


가자

Borrowed from English Gaza, from Ancient Greek Γάζα (Gáza).

가자 지구


팔레스타인

Palestine (a partially-recognized country in Asia)


바티칸

the Vatican, Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


마카오

Unknown. Perhaps borrowed from English Macao. Compare Japanese 媽港(マカオ) (makao).

Macau (a city and special administrative region of China)


장사

Changsha (the provincial capital of Hunan, China)


네피도

나이피다우 나이피다우#Korean

Synonym of 나이피다우 (Naipidau): Naypyidaw (the capital city of Burma)


반다르세리베가완

Bandar Seri Begawan
Bandar Seri Begawan#English

Bandar Seri Begawan (the capital city of Brunei)


제주

제주도
Jeju-do
Jeju island, Jejudo

제주시

Jeju (island, province and its capital in South Korea)


사할린

Borrowed from Russian Сахали́н (Saxalín).


소비에트 연방

ko-proper noun

소비에트 연방 • (Sobieteu yeonbang) (hanja 소비에트聯邦)

Sobieteu yeonbang (romanization)
소비에트聯邦 (hanja)

(South Korea, historical) Soviet Union (a former country in Eastern Europe and Asia, existing from 1922 to 1991)


마다가스카르

[ma̠da̠ɡa̠sʰɯkʰa̠ɾɯ]

Madagascar (an island country in Africa)


서사하라

[sʰʌ̹sʰa̠ɦa̠ɾa̠]


버마

Burma (a country in Asia) (former name of Myanmar)


사하라

[sʰa̠ɦa̠ɾa̠]


남수단

남(南) (nam, “south”) + 수단 (Sudan, “Sudan”)

com

South Sudan (a country in East Africa), formerly the southern part of Sudan.


코스타리카

Costa Rica (a country in Central America)


상투메 프린시페

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English

São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago in Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)


과들루프 섬

Guadeloupe (an overseas department of France)


콩고 민주 공화국

[콩고민주공(ː)화국]

From 콩고 (Konggo) + 민주(民主) (minju, “democracy”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

compound

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo


도미니카 공화국

[도미니카공(ː)화국]

From 도미니카 (Dominika) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

Dominican Republic (a country in North America)


중앙아프리카 공화국

ko-pos

중앙아프리카 공화국 • (Jung'ang-apeurika gonghwaguk)

[t͡ɕuŋa̠ŋa̠pʰɯɾikʰa̠ ko̞(ː)ŋβwa̠ɡuk̚]

중앙아프리카공(ː)화국

[중앙아프리카공(ː)화국]

From 중앙(中央) (jung'ang, “central”) + 아프리카 (Apeurika, “Africa”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

compound

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


콩고 공화국

From 콩고 (Konggo) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Republic of the Congo (a country in Africa)


아랍 에미리트 연방

From 아랍 (arap, “Arab”) + 에미리트 (emiriteu, “emirate”) + 연방(聯邦) (yeonbang, “federation; commonwealth”).

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

(South Korea) United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia; capital: Abu Dhabi)


도미니카

Commonwealth of Dominica
Commonwealth of Dominica


체코 공화국

From 체코 (Cheko) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).


웰링턴

[we̞ʎʎiŋtʰʌ̹n]


추수 감사절

ko-proper noun

추수 감사절 • (Chusu gamsajeol) (hanja 秋收感謝節)

Chusu gamsajeol (romanization)
秋收感謝節 (hanja)


회교

이슬람교 이슬람교#Korean


추석

[t͡ɕʰusʰʌ̹k̚]

Sino-Korean word from 秋夕, from 秋 (“autumn”) + 夕 (“evening”), whose meaning is uncertain. There are many theories that try to explain this, one of which suggests that the word 秋夕 (chuseok) originates from the following phrases:
* Dai De, ed., Dadailiji Volume 3 "Preservation":
*: 三代之禮，天子春朝朝日，秋暮夕月，所以明有別也。
*:: According to the rite throughout three generations, the emperor, in a spring morning, worships the sun, and, in an autumn evening, the moon, thus clearly has difference.
* Pei Yin, ed., The collection of commentaries on the Records of the Grand Historian Volume 12:
*: 集解應劭曰：「天子春朝日，秋夕月，拜日東門之外，朝日以朝，夕月以夕。」
*:: The commentary by Ying Shao reads "The emperor in spring worships the sun, and in autumn the moon, outside the East Gate, worships the sun by the morning, and the moon by the evening."

ko-etym-Sino

Mid-Autumn Festival, three day harvest festival (August 15 in lunar calendar)


동지

Sino-Korean word from 冬至 (“winter solstice”)


패럴림픽

[pʰɛɾʌ̹ʎʎimpʰik̚]

[pʰe̞ɾʌ̹ʎʎimpʰik̚]


꾸란

Alternative form of 코란 (Koran, “the Quran”).


中華臺北

Junghwadaebuk (romanization)
중화대북 (hangeul)

중화대북 중화대북#Korean

hanja form of 중화대북 (“Chinese Taipei (name under which the ROC participates in international organisations)”)


忠淸北道

ko-proper noun

忠淸北道 • (Chungcheongbukdo) (hangeul 충청북도)

Chungcheongbukdo (romanization)
충청북도 (hangeul)

충청북도 충청북도#Korean

hanja form of 충청북도 (“North Chungcheong Province, South Korea”)


慶尙北道

Gyeongsangbukdo (romanization)
경상북도 (hangeul)

경상북도 경상북도#Korean

hanja form of 경상북도 (“North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea”)


慶尙南道

Gyeongsangnamdo (romanization)
경상남도 (hangeul)

경상남도 경상남도#Korean

hanja form of 경상남도 (“South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea”)


忠淸南道

忠淸南道 • (Chungcheongnamdo) (hangeul 충청남도)

Chungcheongnamdo (romanization)
충청남도 (hangeul)

충청남도 충청남도#Korean

hanja form of 충청남도 (“South Chungcheong Province, South Korea”)


창원

[t͡ɕʰa̠ŋwʌ̹n]

South Gyeongsang
South Gyeongsang#English

Changwon (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


수원

Suwon (the capital city of Gyeonggi Province, South Korea)


전라북도

[t͡ɕʌ̹ɭɭa̠buk̚t͈o̞]

Sino-Korean word from 全羅北道, from 全羅 + 北 (“north”) + 道 (“province”)

ko-etym-sino

North Jeolla (a province of South Korea)


경상남도

Gyeongsangnamdo (romanization)
慶尙南道 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 慶尙南道, from 慶尙 + 南 (“south”) + 道

South Gyeongsang (a province of South Korea)


충청북도

Chungcheongbukdo (romanization)
忠淸北道 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰuŋt͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋbuk̚t͈o̞]

Sino-Korean word from 忠淸北道, from 忠淸 + 北 (“north”) + 道 (“province”)

North Chungcheong
North Chungcheong#English

North Chungcheong (a province of South Korea)


충청남도

Chungcheongnamdo (romanization)
忠淸南道 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰuŋt͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋna̠mdo̞]

Sino-Korean word from 忠淸南道, from 忠淸 + 南 (“south”) + 道 (“province”)

South Chungcheong (a province of South Korea)


전라남도

[t͡ɕʌ̹ɭɭa̠na̠mdo̞]

Sino-Korean word from 全羅南道, from 全羅 + 南 (“south”) + 道 (“province”)

South Jeolla (a province of South Korea)


京畿道

hanja form of 경기도 (“Gyeonggi Province, South Korea”)


경상북도

Gyeongsangbukdo (romanization)
慶尙北道 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 慶尙北道, from 慶尙 + 北 (“north”) + 道 (“province”)

North Gyeongsang
North Gyeongsang#English

North Gyeongsang (a province of South Korea)


경기도

Sino-Korean word from 京畿道, from 京畿 + 道 (“province”)

Holonym: 팔도(八道) (Paldo)

(historical) Gyeonggi, Kyŏnggi (a province of Korea)


濟州道

hanja form of 제주도 (“Jeju Province (officially the Jeju Special Autonomous Province), South Korea”)


강원도

Sino-Korean word from 江原道, from 江 (“short for Gangneung city”) + 原 (“short for Wonju city”) + 道 (“province”), after the two major settlements in the province when the name was given in 1395.

Gangwon, Kangwŏn (a province of Korea)
Gangwon (a province of South Korea)

Gangwon, Kangwŏn (a province of Korea)
Kangwon (a province of North Korea)

Holonym: 팔도(八道) (Paldo)


江原道

hanja form of 강원도 (“Gangwon Province, South Korea”)

hanja form of 강원도 (“Kangwon Province, North Korea”)


제주도

Jeju Province (officially the Jeju Special Autonomous Province), South Korea


全羅北道

Jeollabukdo (romanization)
전라북도 (hangeul)

전라북도 전라북도#Korean

hanja form of 전라북도 (“North Jeolla Province, South Korea”)


全羅南道

Jeollanamdo (romanization)
전라남도 (hangeul)

전라남도 전라남도#Korean

hanja form of 전라남도 (“South Jeolla Province, South Korea”)


향항

(Yanbian) Hong Kong (a city and special administrative region of China)


월남

Sino-Korean word from 越南, from 越 (“cross over, go to”) + 南 (“south”).

Vietnam (a country in Asia) (especially South Vietnam during the Vietnam War)


트럼프

[tʰɯɾʌ̹mpʰɯ]

도널드 트럼프

A transliteration of the English surname Trump.


무술

The thirty-fifth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Earth Dog" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


朝鮮半島

Joseonbando (romanization)
조선반도 (hangeul)

조선반도 조선반도#Korean


성서

[ˈsʰɘ(ː)ŋsʰʌ̹]


서장

[sʰʌ̹d͡ʑa̠ŋ]


戰國策

Jeon'gukchaek (romanization)
전국책 (hangeul)


몽고

(dated) Mongolia (a country in East Asia)


근혜

박근혜 ― Bakgeunhye ― Park Geun-hye (the eleventh President of South Korea) (朴槿惠)


雙子宮

Ssangjagung (romanization)
쌍자궁 (hangeul)


東亞

hanja form of 동아 : East Asia (a region of Asia)


북극

Sino-Korean word from 北極 (“north pole, Arctic”)


테구시갈파

[tʰe̞ɡuɕʰiɡa̠ɭpʰa̠]


산호세

San José (the capital city of Costa Rica)


詩篇

hanja form of 시편 (“the Book of Psalms, the Psalm”)


대만 해협

Daeman haehyeop (romanization)
臺灣海峽 (hanja)


豬八戒

Jeopalgye (romanization)
Chŏpalgye (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Cepalgyey (Yale romanization)
저팔계 (hangeul)


아서

아서 왕의 죽음

A transliteration of the English male given name Arthur.


칸

Cannes (a city in the Alpes-Maritimes department, France)


아라

A transliteration of the Armenian male given name Արա (Ara).


인도양

Sino-Korean word from 印度洋, from 印度 (“India”) + 洋 (“ocean”)


북극해

Sino-Korean word from 北極海, from 北極 (“North Pole”) + 海 (“sea”)


대서양

[ˈtɛ(ː)sʰʌ̹ja̠ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 大西洋, from 大 (“far”) + 西 (“west”) + 洋 (“ocean”)


남극해

Sino-Korean word from 南極海, from 南極 (“South Pole”) + 海 (“sea”)

the South Polar Ocean; the Antarctic Ocean


정은

[ˈt͡ɕɘ(ː)ŋɯn]

김정은 ― gimjeong'eun ― Kim Jong-un (金正恩)


부여

The origin is uncertain. Possibilities include:
* Might be cognate with Korean 벌 (beol, “field”), compare Korean 서라벌 (seorabeol) and Korean 고사부리 (gosaburi).
* Might be borrowed from Tungusic and Old Mongolian, compare Manchu ᠪᡠᡥᡡ (buhū, “deer”) and Mongolian ᠪᠣᠭᠣ (boɣo, “deer”).

an ancient Korean kingdom existing between the 2nd century BC and 494; Buyeo

a county in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea; Buyeo County


극동

Sino-Korean word from 極東, from 極 (“extreme”) + 東 (“east”)


石器時代

ko-proper noun

石器時代 • (Seokgi Sidae or McCune-Reischauer: Sŏkki Sidae or Yale: Sekqki Sitay) (hangeul 석기 시대)

Seokgi Sidae (romanization)
Sŏkki Sidae (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Sekqki Sitay (Yale romanization)
석기 시대 (hangeul)

석기 시대
석기 시대#Korean


중동

Sino-Korean word from 中東, from 中 (“middle”) + 東 (“east”)


이태리

Sino-Korean word from 伊太利 via orthographic borrowing from Japanese 伊太利.


노서아

Sino-Korean word from 露西亞, likely orthographic borrowing from Japanese 露西亜 (Roshia).


신사

The eighteenth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Metal Snake" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


시편

Sino-Korean word from 詩篇 (“the Book of Psalms, the Psalm”)


야마토

(historical) Yamato (ancient name for Japan)


트리폴리

[tʰɯɾipʰo̞ʎʎi]


라바트

Rabat (the capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco)


킨샤사

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


야무수크로

Yamoussoukro (the capital city of Ivory Coast)


누악쇼트

Nouakchott (the capital city of Mauritania)


빈트후크

Borrowed from Afrikaans/Dutch Windhoek, from wind (“wind”) + hoek (“corner, angle”).

(South Korea) Windhoek (the capital city of Namibia)


브라자빌

Brazzaville (the capital city of the Republic of the Congo)


안타나나리보

Antananarivo (the capital of Madagascar)


방기

Bangui (the capital city of the Central African Republic)


블룸폰테인

Bloemfontein (the judicial capital of South Africa)


비사우

Bissau (the capital city of Guinea-Bissau)


케이프타운

Cape Town (a city, the legislative capital of South Africa)


카라카스

[kʰa̠ɾa̠kʰa̠sʰɯ]


몬테비데오

Montevideo (the capital city of Uruguay)


부에노스 아이레스

Buenos Aires (the capital city of Argentina)


상투메

São Tomé (the capital of São Tomé and Príncipe)


양곤

Yangon (largest city in Myanmar and the former capital)


말라보

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English

Malabo (the capital city of Equatorial Guinea)


라파스

[ɾa̠pʰa̠sʰɯ]


포르토노보

Porto-Novo (the official capital of Benin)


릴롱궤

[ɾiɭɭo̞ŋɡwe̞]

(South Korea) Lilongwe (a city, the capital city of Malawi)


리야드

Riyadh (the capital city of Saudi Arabia)


다르에스살람

[ta̠ɾɯe̞sʰɯsʰa̠ɭɭa̠m]

Dar es Salaam (the largest city and former capital of Tanzania)


아부다비

Abu Dhabi (an emirate of the United Arab Emirates)

Abu Dhabi (the capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital city of Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates)


라고스

Lagos (a major city, the former capital of Nigeria)

[~주(州)] Lagos State (a state of Nigeria)


빅토리아

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

[~시(市)] Victoria (the capital city of British Columbia, Canada)

A transliteration of the English female given name Victoria.


코토누

Cotonou (the de-facto capital city in Benin)


킹스턴

[cçiŋsʰɯtʰʌ̹n]


나소

Nassau (the capital city of the Bahamas)


가자 지구

Gaza Strip (A region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel)


유럽 연합

[juɾʌ̹p̚ jʌ̹nɦa̠p̚]

From 유럽 (Yureop, “Europe”) + 연합(聯合) (yeonhap, “union”).


바스테르

[pa̠sʰɯtʰe̞ɾɯ]

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Basseterre (the capital city of Saint Kitts and Nevis)


브리지타운

Bridgetown (the capital city of Barbados)


킹스타운

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Kingstown (the capital of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)


포르토프랭스

[pʰo̞ɾɯtʰo̞pʰɯɾɛŋsʰɯ]

[pʰo̞ɾɯtʰo̞pʰɯɾe̞ŋsʰɯ]


포트오브스페인

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Port of Spain (the capital of Trinidad and Tobago)


와가두구

Ouagadougou (the capital of Burkina Faso)


여진

Sino-Korean word from 女眞 (“the Jurchen people”)

ko-etym-sino

ko:여진 (동음이의)


太平天國

Taepyeongcheon'guk (romanization)
태평천국 (hangeul)

태평천국 태평천국#Korean

Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

hanja form of 태평천국 (“Taiping Heavenly Kingdom”)


압록강

English: Amnok

Yalu River, Amnok River (border river between North Korea and China)


鴨綠江

hanja form of 압록강 (“Yalu River (on the China-North Korea border)”)


에스파냐

[e̞sʰɯpʰa̠ɲa̠]

(South Korea, Yanbian) Spain (a country in Europe)


셀레나

A transliteration of the English female given name Selena.


瑞西

(obsolete) hanja form of 서서 (“Switzerland”)


阿弗利加

아불리가 아불리가#Korean

아프리카 아프리카#Korean


孫悟空

Sonogong (romanization)
Sonogong (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Sonokong (Yale romanization)
손오공 (hangeul)

hanja form of 손오공 (“Sun Wukong, Son Gokū”)


환도

Sino-Korean word from 丸都. Christopher Beckwith proposes a native Korean etymology based on Old Chinese reading of the characters, approximately *warta, which can further be compared to Mongol ᠣᠷᠳᠣ.


阿彌陀佛

아미타불 아미타불#Korean


白頭

hanja form of 백두 (“Paektu Mountain (on the China-North Korea border)”)


白頭山

hanja form of 백두산 (“Paektu Mountain (on the China-North Korea border)”)


國際聯合

Gukje Yeonhap (romanization)
국제 연합 (hangeul)

국제 연합
국제 연합#Korean


국제 연합

Gukje yeonhap (romanization)
國際聯合 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 國際聯合, from 國際 (“international”) + 聯合 (“union”), from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 国際連合 (Kokusai Rengō).


青龍

Alternative form of 靑龍 (hanja form of 청룡 (“Azure Dragon, one of the Four symbols of the Chinese constellations”) ).


天秤宮

Cheonchinggung (romanization)
천칭궁 (hangeul)


스톤헨지

[sʰɯtʰo̞nɦe̞ɲd͡ʑi]


主體思想

Juchesasang (romanization)
주체사상 (hangeul)

주체사상 주체사상#Korean


헬조선

Japanese: ヘル朝鮮(ちょうせん) (heruchōsen)

[he̞ʎd͡ʑo̞sʰʌ̹n]

From 헬 (hel, from English hell) + 조선(朝鮮) (joseon, “Korea”).

af

from English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">hell</i>

(Internet slang, derogatory) South Korea [mainly used in the mid-2010s]


방주

Sino-Korean word from 方舟, from 方 (“square”) + 舟 (“boat”)


方舟

ko-proper noun

方舟 • (Bangju or McCune-Reischauer: Pangju or Yale: Pangcwu) (hangeul 방주)

Bangju (romanization)
Pangju (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Pangcwu (Yale romanization)
방주 (hangeul)


개한민국

Blend of 개 (gae, “fucking—”) + 대한민국(大韓民國) (daehanmin'guk, “South Korea”).

blend

(slang, derogatory, dated) South Korea (used exclusively among South Korean youths)


탈조선

[tʰa̠ʎd͡ʑo̞sʰʌ̹n]

Sino-Korean word from 脫 (“to escape, flee”) + 朝鮮 (“an old word for Korea, but used in a derogatory sense for South Korea”)

ko-etym-Sino

(neologism, derogatory) moving to other countries (used exclusively among South Korean youths)


西京

hanja form of 서경 (“a western capital, a former name of a number of cities”)


보람

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 보〮람〮 (Yale: pwólám).


앤티가 바부다

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

Antigua and Barbuda (a country in North America)


西夏

hanja form of 서하 (“the Western Xia dynasty (1038–1227); the Tangut Empire”)


玄奘

hanja form of 현장 (“Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang dynasty”)


파푸아뉴기니

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English


나우루

Nauru (a country and island in Oceania, in the Pacific Ocean)


키리바시

Kiribati (A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania)


누쿠알로파

From Tongan Nukuʻalofa, from nuku (“abode”) + alofa (“love”). Literally, “abode of love”.


이슬람

Ultimately from Arabic إِسْلَام (ʔislām), probably via English Islam.


康熙

hanja form of 강희 (“Kangxi (one of the emperors of the Qing dynasty)”)


太極旗

hanja form of 태극기 (“Taegeukgi, the official flag of South Korea”)


솔로몬 제도

솔로몬 (Sollomon, “Solomon”) + 제도(諸島) (jedo, “archipelago”).


오스트레일리아 연방

[o̞sʰɯtʰɯɾe̞iʎʎia̠ jʌ̹nba̠ŋ]

오스트레일리아 (Oseuteureillia, “Australia”) + 연방(聯邦) (yeonbang, “federation, union, commonwealth”).

Commonwealth of Australia
Commonwealth of Australia

(South Korea) Commonwealth of Australia (formal and full name of Australia)


비숍

Bishop (names of various cities and towns)


형부

형조(刑曹)

the Korean ministry of Punishments of Joseon Kingdom

(historical politics) The imperial Chinese Ministry of Punishments (i.e., Justice) from the Tang to Qing dynasties.

(historical politics) the Korean ministry of Punishments (i.e., Justice) of Goryeo Kingdom


코리아

Borrowed from English Korea, from Korean 고려 (Goryeo).

(colloquial) Korea, South Korea (a country in Asia)


千年

hanja form of 천년 (“a millennium; a thousand years”)


청동기 시대

ko-pos

청동기 시대 • (Cheongdonggi sidae) (hanja 靑銅器時代)

Cheongdonggi sidae (romanization)
靑銅器時代 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋdo̞ŋɡi ɕʰidɛ]

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋdo̞ŋɡi ɕʰide̞]

Sino-Korean word from 靑銅器時代, from 靑銅器 (“bronzeware”) + 時代 (“age”).


석기 시대

Seokgi sidae (romanization)
石器時代 (hanja)

[sʰʌ̹k̚k͈i ɕʰidɛ]

Sino-Korean word from 石器時代, from 石器 (“stone tool”) + 時代 (“age”).


철기 시대

Cheolgi sidae (romanization)
鐵器時代 (hanja)

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɭɡi ɕʰidɛ]

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɭɡi ɕʰide̞]

Sino-Korean word from 鐵器時代, from 鐵器 (“ironware”) + 時代 (“age”).


鐵器時代

ko-proper noun

鐵器時代 • (Cheolgi Sidae or McCune-Reischauer: Ch'ŏlgi Sidae or Yale: Celki Sitay) (hangeul 철기 시대)

Cheolgi Sidae (romanization)
Ch'ŏlgi Sidae (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Celki Sitay (Yale romanization)
철기 시대 (hangeul)

철기 시대
철기 시대#Korean


倭國

hanja form of 왜국 (“(now derogatory) Japan”)


中國本土

Junggukbonto (romanization)
중국본토 (hangeul)

중국본토 중국본토#Korean


페루 공화국

페루 (Peru, “Peru”) + 공화국(共和國) (gonghwaguk, “republic”).

compound

Republic of Peru
Republic of Peru#English

Republic of Peru (a country in South America)


정유

The thirty-fourth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Fire Rooster" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


大英帝國

Daeyeongjeguk (romanization)
대영제국 (hangeul)

대영제국 대영제국#Korean

hanja form of 대영제국 (“the British Empire”)


象牙海岸

Sang'ahaean (romanization)
상아해안 (hangeul)

상아해안 상아해안#Korean

hanja form of 상아해안 (“Côte d'Ivoire (obsolete)”)


白雪

ko-proper noun

白雪 • (Baekseol or McCune-Reischauer: Paeksŏl or Yale: Paykqsel) (hangeul 백설)

Baekseol (romanization)
Paeksŏl (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Paykqsel (Yale romanization)
백설 (hangeul)


聯合王國

Yeonhap wangguk (romanization)
연합 왕국 (hangeul)

연합 왕국
연합 왕국#Korean

(South Korea) hanja form of 연합 왕국 (“United Kingdom”)


聯合王國

Ryeonhap wangguk (romanization)
련합 왕국 (hangeul)

련합 왕국
련합 왕국#Korean

(North Korea) hanja form of 련합 왕국 (“United Kingdom”)


관음

Sino-Korean word from 觀音 (“Guanyin”), from Middle Chinese 觀音 (kwan ʔim)


푸에르토리코 자유 연합주

Puereutoriko Jayu Yeonhapju (romanization)

푸에르토리코 (Puereutoriko, “Puerto Rico”) + 자유 (jayu, “free”) + 연합 (yeonhap, “union”) + 주 (ju, “state”)

compound

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico#English

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (the official name of Puerto Rico, a commonwealth, island and dependent territory of the United States)


베니스

Venice (a city, the regional capital of Veneto, Italy)


미륵보살

Sino-Korean word from 彌勒菩薩, from 彌勒 (“Maitreya”) + 菩薩 (“bodhisattva”), from 미륵 (Mireuk) + 보살 (bosal)


미러

zh-l

彌勒／弥勒 (Mílè)

Koreans in China
Xinhai Revolution
ko:미러 시


미륵

Sino-Korean word from 彌勒, from Middle Chinese 彌勒 (mjie lok), from Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya)


出埃及記

Churaegupgi (romanization)
출애굽기 (hangeul)

출애굽기 출애굽기#Korean


전도서

[t͡ɕʌ̹ndo̞sʰʌ̹]


三皇五帝

Samhwang'oje (romanization)
삼황오제 (hangeul)

삼황오제 삼황오제#Korean

hanja form of 삼황오제 (“the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors”)


북빙양

Sino-Korean word from 北氷洋, from 北 (“north”) + 氷 (“ice”) + 洋 (“ocean”)


남빙양

Sino-Korean word from 南氷洋, from 南 (“south”) + 氷 (“ice”) + 洋 (“sea”)


北氷洋

Bukbingnyang (romanization)
Pukpingnyang (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Pukqpingnyang (Yale romanization)
북빙양 (hangeul)


부활절

[ˈpu(ː)βwa̠ʎt͡ɕ͈ʌ̹ɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 부활(復活) (buhwal) + 절(節) (jeol), with compound/genitive tensing applied.


沙悟淨

Saojeong (romanization)
Saojŏng (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Saoceng (Yale romanization)
사오정 (hangeul)


豬悟能

Jeooneung (romanization)
Chŏonŭng (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Ceonung (Yale romanization)
저오능 (hangeul)


金瓶梅

Geumbyeongmae (romanization)
금병매 (hangeul)

hanja form of 금병매 (“The Plum in the Golden Vase”)


延邊

hanja form of 연변 (“Yanbian (a Korean autonomous prefecture in Jilin, China)”)


竹書紀年

Jukseoginyeon (romanization)
죽서기년 (hangeul)

죽서기년 죽서기년#Korean

hanja form of 죽서기년 (“the Bamboo Annals”)


光州

hanja form of 광주 (“Gwangju, South Korea”)


한강

From 한— (han-, “big”) and 강 (江, gang, “river”).


한강

Sino-Korean word from 韓江, from 韓 (“Han Yu”) + 江 (“river”).


여호와

Korean Bible, Eseugel (에스겔) (Ezekiel) 23:1
여호와의 말씀이 또 내게 임하여 가라사대.
Yeohowa-ui malsseum-i tto naege imhayeo garasadae.
The word of the Lord came again unto me, saying,


창세기

[ˈt͡ɕʰa̠(ː)ŋsʰe̞ɡi]


출애굽기

[t͡ɕʰuɾɛɡup̚k͈i]


하느님

First attested in the 太平詞 / 태평사, 1598, as Early Modern Korean 하ᄂᆞ님 (Yale: hanonim), in a Confucian context. Equivalent to 하늘 (haneul, “heaven”) + 님 (nim, “lord”).
Rare in traditional Korean folk religion, where heaven-worship is not a major religious belief. The Catholic usage is perhaps a calque of Chinese 天主 (Tiānzhǔ, “Lord of Heaven; God”).

ko-etym-native

天(천)運(운)循(순)環(환)을 아옵게다 하ᄂᆞ님아

1598, 박인로/朴仁老, 태평사/太平詞 [Poem for Great Peace]:

O Heaven, I have understood the circulation of destiny

하느님이 보우하사 우리나라 만세

1896, “애국가(愛國歌) (Aegukga) [National Anthem of the republic of Korea]”, Yun Chi-ho (lyrics):

May God preserve our country for ten thousand years

Korean Catholic Bible, Changsegi (創世記 / 창세기) (Genesis) 1:1
한처음에 하느님께서 하늘과 땅을 창조하셨다.
Hancheo'eum-e haneunim-kkeseo haneul-gwa ttang-eul changjohasyeotda.
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.


천지

Sino-Korean word from 天池, from 天 (“heaven”) + 池 (“lake”)

ko-etym-sino

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑi]


임

Sino-Korean word from 任, from the Middle Korean reading ᅀᅵᆷ〯 (Yale: zǐm).


韓江

Han'gang (romanization)
Han'gang (McCune-Reischauer romanization)
Hankang (Yale romanization)
한강 (hangeul)


新黨

hanja form of 신당 (“new political party”)


단천

[ta̠ɲt͡ɕʰʌ̹n]

Tanchon (a city in South Hamgyong Province, North Korea)


사리원

Sariwon (a city in South Hwanghae Province, North Korea)


원산

→ English: Wonsan

Wonsan (a city in Kangwon Province, North Korea)


강계

Kanggye (a city in Chagang Province, North Korea)


청진

→ English: Chongjin

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋd͡ʑin]

Chongjin (a city in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea)


함흥

Hamhung (capital city in South Hamgyong Province, North Korea)

함흥차사

person sent on errands who fails to return


혜산

Hyesan (a city in Ryanggang Province, North Korea)


신의주

→ English: Sinuiju

Sinuiju (a city in North Pyongan Province, North Korea)


문천

[muɲt͡ɕʰʌ̹n]

Munchon (a city in Kangwon Province, North Korea)


희천

Huichon (a city in Chagang Province, North Korea)


김책

Kimchaek (a city in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea)


정주

[ˈt͡ɕɘ(ː)ŋd͡ʑu]

Chongju (a city in North Pyongan Province, North Korea)


신포

Sinpo (a city in South Hamgyong Province, North Korea)


덕천

[tʌ̹k̚t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]

Tokchon (a city in South Pyongan Province, North Korea)


해주

→ English: Haeju

Haeju (a city in South Hwanghae Province, North Korea)


송림

Songrim (a city in North Hwanghae Province, North Korea)


만포

Manpo (a city in Chagang Province, North Korea)


평성

[pʰjʌ̹ŋsʰʌ̹ŋ]

Pyongsong (a city in South Pyongan Province, North Korea)


순천

[ˈsʰu(ː)ɲt͡ɕʰʌ̹n]

Suncheon (a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea)


순천

Sunchon (a city in South Pyongan Province, North Korea)


라선

North Korea standard form of 나선(羅先) (Naseon).


회령

→ English: Hoeryong, Hoeryŏng

[ˈɸwe̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹ŋ]

[ˈhø̞(ː)ɾjʌ̹ŋ]

Hoeryong, Hoeryŏng (a city in North Hamgyong Province, North Korea)


개천

[ˈkɛ(ː)t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]

[ˈke̞(ː)t͡ɕʰʌ̹n]

Kaechon (a city in South Pyongan Province, North Korea)


신데렐라

[ɕʰinde̞ɾe̞ɭɭa̠]


뽀르뚜갈

[p͈o̞ɾɯt͈uɡa̠ɭ]

(North Korea, Yanbian) Portugal (a country in Europe)


메히꼬

(North Korea, Yanbian) Mexico (a country in North America)


까자흐스딴

[k͈a̠d͡ʑa̠ɣɯsʰɯt͈a̠n]

(North Korea, Yanbian) Kazakhstan (a country in Asia)


도꾜

ja-r

東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō)

(North Korea, Yanbian) Tokyo (the capital city of Japan)


블라지보스또크

From Russian Владивосто́к (Vladivostók).

bor

Владивосто́к

Russian Far East
Russian Far East#English

(North Korea, Yanbian) Vladivostok (a city and seaport in the Russian Far East, on the Sea of Japan, near North Korea; the administrative centre of Primorsky Krai)


빠리

(North Korea, Yanbian) Paris (the capital city of France)


스웨리예

Borrowed from Swedish Sverige, from Old Swedish Sver(i)ghe, Sverike, Sværike, equivalent to svea (“of the Swedes”) + rike (“realm”).

(North Korea, Yanbian) Sweden (a country in Europe)


슬로벤스꼬

[sʰɯɭɭo̞be̞nsʰɯk͈o̞]

(North Korea) Slovakia (a country in Europe)


꾸바

(North Korea) Cuba (an island country in North America)


뛰르끼예

(North Korea) Turkey (a country in Europe and Asia)


황제

[ɸwa̠ŋd͡ʑe̞]


에스빠냐

[e̞sʰɯp͈a̠ɲa̠]

(North Korea, Yanbian) Spain (a country in Europe)


己巳

hanja form of 기사 (“Earth Snake, the sixth in the sexagenary cycle”)


己卯

hanja form of 기묘 (“Earth Rabbit, the sixteenth in the sexagenary cycle”)


丙子

hanja form of 병자 (“Fire Rat, the thirteenth in the sexagenary cycle”)


甲辰

hanja form of 갑진 (“Wood Dragon, the forty-first in the sexagenary cycle”)


乙酉

hanja form of 을유 (“Wood Rooster, the twenty-second in the sexagenary cycle”)


戊寅

hanja form of 무인 (“Earth Tiger, the fifteenth in the sexagenary cycle”)


甲申

hanja form of 갑신 (“Wood Monkey, the twenty-first in the sexagenary cycle”)


庚午

hanja form of 경오 (“Metal Horse, the seventh in the sexagenary cycle”)


丙申

hanja form of 병신 (“Fire Monkey, the thirty-third in the sexagenary cycle”)


丙辰

hanja form of 병진 (“Fire Dragon, the fifty-third in the sexagenary cycle”)


壬辰

hanja form of 임진 (“Water Dragon, the twenty-ninth in the sexagenary cycle”)


甲寅

hanja form of 갑인 (“Wood Tiger, the fifty-first in the sexagenary cycle”)


庚申

hanja form of 경신 (“Metal Monkey, the fifty-seventh in the sexagenary cycle”)


乙卯

hanja form of 을묘 (“Wood Rabbit, the fifty-second in the sexagenary cycle”)


丁丑

hanja form of 정축 (“Fire Ox, the fourteenth in the sexagenary cycle”)


庚子

hanja form of 경자 (“Metal Rat, the thirty-seventh in the sexagenary cycle”)


庚寅

hanja form of 경인 (“Metal Tiger, the twenty-seventh in the sexagenary cycle”)


壬子

hanja form of 임자 (“Water Rat, the forty-ninth in the sexagenary cycle”)


솔로몬의 智慧

ko-proper noun

솔로몬의 智慧 • (Sollomonui jihye) (hangeul 솔로몬의 지혜)

Sollomonui jihye (romanization)
솔로몬의 지혜 (hangeul)

솔로몬의 지혜
솔로몬의 지혜#Korean

Hanja-Hangul mixed script form of 솔로몬의 지혜, “Wisdom of Solomon”.


지혜서

[t͡ɕiʝe̞sʰʌ̹]

[t͡ɕiɦe̞sʰʌ̹]


솔로몬의 지혜

솔로몬 (Sollomon, “Solomon”) + 의 (-ui, genitive particle) + 지혜(智慧) (jihye, “wisdom”)


동방

Sino-Korean word from 東邦 (“Eastern Country”).


덴마크어

덴마크 (denmakeu, “Denmark”) + 어 (eo, “language”)


크로아티아어

크로아티아 (keuroatia, “Croatia”) + 어 (eo, “language”)


山海經

Sanhaegyeong (romanization)
산해경 (hangeul)

hanja form of 산해경 (“Classic of Mountains and Seas”)


辛亥

hanja form of 신해 (“Metal Pig, the forty-eighth in the sexagenary cycle”)


大藏經

Daejanggyeong (romanization)
대장경 (hangeul)

hanja form of 대장경 (“Chinese Buddhist canon; Tripitaka”)


張家口

hanja form of 장가구 (“Zhangjiakou (a prefecture-level city in Hebei, China)”)


靑瓦臺

Cheong'wadae (romanization)
청와대 (hangeul)


청와대

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋwa̠dɛ]

[t͡ɕʰʌ̹ŋwa̠de̞]

Blue House (executive office and residence of the President of the Republic of Korea in Seoul)

(metonymically) the South Korean presidency and its administration


第三帝國

Jesamjeguk (romanization)
제삼제국 (hangeul)

제삼제국 제삼제국#Korean


百家姓

Baekgaseong (romanization)
백가성 (hangeul)

hanja form of 백가성 (“Baijiaxing (Hundred Family Surnames)”)


伸縮

hanja form of 신축 (“to stretch out and draw back; to expand and contract; to lengthen and shorten; to telescope; to be flexible; to be adjustable; to be elastic”)


만주

Manchuria (an historical region in northeast China and the Russian Far East)


지중해

[t͡ɕid͡ʑuŋɦɛ]

[t͡ɕid͡ʑuŋɦe̞]

Sino-Korean word from 地中海, from 地 (“earth”) + 中 (“within”) + 海 (“sea”)


위구르어

위구르 (Wigureu, “Uyghur”) + 어(語) (-eo, “language”)


계사

The thirtieth term of the Chinese sexagenary cycle, sometimes glossed as "Water Snake" from its associated terms in the Chinese elements and zodiac.


封神演義

Bongsinyeonui (romanization)
봉신연의 (hangeul)

봉신연의 봉신연의#Korean

hanja form of 봉신연의 (“Investiture of the Gods”)


儒林外史

유림외사 유림외사#Korean

hanja form of 유림외사 (“The Scholars; Unofficial History of the Scholars (Qing-dynasty novel)”)


沙陀

hanja form of 사타 (“Shatuo (a Turkic tribe that influenced northern Chinese politics from the late 9th century through the 10th century)”)


광화문

Gyeongbokgung Palace
w:Gyeongbokgung Palace

Gwanghwamun (main gate of Gyeongbokgung Palace, in Seoul, South Korea)


한겨레

From 한 (han, “one, great”) + 겨레 (gyeore, “race, nation, people”).

compound

The Hankyoreh, a daily newspaper in South Korea


淸明節

Cheongmyeongjeol (romanization)
청명절 (hangeul)


오세아니아

Unknown. Perhaps borrowed from English Oceania, ultimately from French Océanie.


태양절

[tʰɛja̠ŋd͡ʑʌ̹ɭ]

[tʰe̞ja̠ŋd͡ʑʌ̹ɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 太陽節, from 太陽 (“Sun”) + 節 (“day”), in reference to Kim Il-sung's name; his given name 일성 (日成, ilseong) literally means “becoming the Sun”.

ko-etym-sino

(North Korea) Day of the Sun, an annual public holiday in North Korea on 15 April, the birth anniversary of the country's founder Kim Il-sung.


東吳

hanja form of 동오 (“Eastern Wu (229–280)”)


孫吳

hanja form of 손오 (“Eastern Wu (229–280)”)


白雪公主

Baekseol gongju (romanization)
백설 공주 (hangeul)

백설 공주
백설 공주#Korean


윅셔너리

[ɥikɕ͈ʌ̹nʌ̹ɾi]

[ykɕ͈ʌ̹nʌ̹ɾi]


靺鞨

hanja form of 말갈 (“Mohe, an ancient ethnic group in China”)


烏桓

hanja form of 오환 (“Wuhuan, an ancient ethnic group in China”)


延吉

hanja form of 연길 (“Yanji (a county-level city in Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China)”)


咸興

hanja form of 함흥 (“Hamhung, the provincial capital of South Hamgyong, North Korea”)


兩江道

(South Korea) hanja form of 양강도 (“Ryanggang Province”)


兩江道

Ryanggangdo (romanization)
량강도 (hangeul)

(North Korea) hanja form of 량강도 (“Ryanggang Province”)


黃鶴樓

Hwanghangnu (romanization)
황학루 (hangeul)

hanja form of 황학루 (“Yellow Crane Tower”)


圖們

hanja form of 도문 (“Tumen (a county-level city in Yanbian, Jilin, China)”)


평해

Sino-Korean word from 平海, from 平 (“peaceful”) + 海 (“sea”), in reference to the anchorage at the nearby mouth of the Namdae River.

Pyeonghae, a town in North Gyeongsang, South Korea, formerly important as a harbor


平海

hanja form of 평해 (“Pyeonghae, a town (읍) in North Gyeongsang, South Korea, formerly important as a harbor”)


舞水

hanja form of 무수 (“Musu Point, a cape (단) in North Hamgyong, North Korea, forming the northern end of the East Korea Bay”)


龍台

hanja form of 용대 (“Yongdae Gap, a cape (갑) in South Hamgyong, North Korea on the northern shore of East Korea Bay”)


楡津

hanja form of 유진 (“Yujin Point, a cape (단) in North Hamgyong, North Korea, forming the eastern end of Songjin Bay”)


유진

Yujin Point, a cape (단) in North Hamgyong, North Korea, forming the eastern end of Songjin Bay.


용대

Yongdae Gap, a cape (갑) in South Hamgyong, North Korea, on the northern shore of East Korea Bay.


訓民正音

Hunminjeong'eum (romanization)
훈민정음 (hangeul)

훈민정음 훈민정음#Korean


함경

Sino-Korean word from 咸鏡, from the former province's two principal cities 함흥(咸興) (hamheung) and 경성(鏡城) (gyeongseong).

(historical) Hamgyong, a former province of northeastern Korea under the Joseon dynasty, now divided into North Korea's North and South Hamgyong provinces.

The Hamgyong Mountains, a mountain range between the north coast of the East Korea Bay and the Kaema Highlands which runs through these two provinces.


咸鏡

hanja form of 함경 (“Joseon Korea's Hamgyong Province; North Korea's North and South Hamgyong Provinces; North Korea's Hamgyong Mountains”)