년

마지막 15(십오)년
majimak 15(sibo)nyeon
the last 15 years

1978(천구백칠십팔)년
1978(cheon'gubaekchilsip'pal)nyeon
the year of 1978


두

Counter for animals, usually cattle: "head"

the hanja entry at 頭 for Sino-Korean compounds of 두


인

5인 이상 집합금지

Gatherings of five or more people are prohibited.

十(십)三(삼)人(인)의兒(아)孩(해)가道(도)路(로)로疾(질)走(주)하오.

1934, 이상／李箱 (I Sang), 烏(오)瞰(감)圖(도) [Crow's Eye View]:

Thirteen children are running down the street.

Counter for number of people (with Sino-Korean numerals)


사

the hanja entry at 死 for Sino-Korean compounds of 사


수

Sino-Korean word from 首 (“head”), from the Middle Korean reading 슈〮 (Yale: syú).

the hanja entry at 首 for Sino-Korean compounds of 수


권

한 권; 두 권; 세 권; 네 권

one volume; two volumes; three volumes; four volumes


주

the hanja entry at 週 for Sino-Korean compounds of 주


주

the hanja entry at 株 for Sino-Korean compounds of 주


범

사기 전과 3범

count (number of times one has committed a crime)

the hanja entry at 犯 for Sino-Korean compounds of 범


돌

First attested in the Eoje naehun, (御製內訓 / 어제내훈), 1475 , as Middle Korean 돐〮 (Yale: twóls). From 돌다 (dolda, “to rotate”).


사람

Inherited from Middle Korean 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (sǎlòm), first attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446.
From earlier Old Korean 人音 (*SALOm), first attested in the “Suhui gongdeokga” (隨喜功德歌 / 수희공덕가), before 973. The word is also attested as Old Korean 人米 in the same source.
The Middle Korean form, 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (Yale: sǎlòm), is analyzed as a derived substantive of 살〯다〮 (Yale: sǎl-tá, “to live”) with ᄋᆞᆷ (Yale: -om, nominalizer) (> modern 음 (eum)), and thus literally meant "one who is alive". It is no longer perceived as a derived noun by modern speakers. Doublet of 삶 (sam).
Cognate with Jeju 사름 (sareum).

ko-attest

학생 세 사람


개

general counter for objects: item, piece, article

the hanja entry at 個 for Sino-Korean compounds of 개


채

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 채〮 (Yale: cháy).

ko-etym-native

집 한 채


장

Sino-Korean word from 張, from the Middle Korean reading 댜ᇰ (Yale: tyàng).

the hanja entry at 張 for Sino-Korean compounds of 장


벌

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: pól).

한복 한 벌 ― hanbok han beol ― a set of hanbok


매

Counter for sheets (e.g. paper or tickets)

the hanja entry at 枚 for Sino-Korean compounds of 매


대

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 대 (Yale: tay).

Used to count long, stick-like objects, such as arrows, rib bones, and cigarettes.

Used to count the number of times one has been hit, whipped, or stabbed.

Used to count the number of times one has had a medical injection.


대

Used to count machinery, including automobiles.


도

the hanja entry at 度 for Sino-Korean compounds of 도

섭씨 25도

45도 각도

동경 125도 ― donggyeong baegisibo-do ― longitude 125° E

(geography) degree of longitude or latitude


바닥

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 바다ᇰ〮 (Yale: pàtáng). In the Early Modern era, the form was supplanted by modern 바닥 (badak), which may originally have been dialectal; Korean dialects often variably have coda /k~ŋ~j~h/, probably from ancestral */-k/.
바다 (bada, “sea, ocean”) may originally have been a semantic extension of this word. Beyond Koreanic, probably related to Manchu ᡶᠠᡨᠠᠨ (fatan, “sole of the foot”), which is quite possibly a Korean borrowing into Jurchen or Manchu given the apparent lack of clear Tungusic cognates.

cog

책 한 바닥


구

Sino-Korean word from 具 (“classifier for coffins, corpses”).

ko-etym-sino

the hanja entry at 具 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구


구

Sino-Korean word from 口 (“mouth, hole”).

(obsolete) Used to count family members.


섬

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 셤〮 (Yale: syém).

ko-etym-native

a seom, a traditional Korean unit of volume equal to approximately 180 litres; mostly used when measuring grain such as rice


발

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 潑 (Yale: *pal).
In the hangul script, first attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 발〮 (Yale: pál).

한 발 한 발 내딛다


발

Counter for shots or rounds fired by a gun or cannon: round


불

Sino-Korean word from 弗. Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $.

the hanja entry at 弗 for Sino-Korean compounds of 불


갑

Sino-Korean word from 匣 (“small box, case, coffer”)

ko-etym-Sino

한갑; 두갑; 세갑; 네갑

one pack; two packs; three packs; four packs


위

the hanja entry at 位 for Sino-Korean compounds of 위


자루

First attested in the Geumganggyeong samgahae (金剛經三家解 / 금강경삼가해), 1482, as Middle Korean ᄌᆞᄅᆞ (Yale: còlò).


자루

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 쟈ᄅᆞ (Yale: cyàlò).


박

Sino-Korean word from 泊 (“to stay”). Compare Japanese 泊(はく) (haku).

1박 2일

[a trip of] one night and two days; a trip beginning on a morning and ending on the next day's evening

the hanja entry at 泊 for Sino-Korean compounds of 박


박

Probably a Sino-Korean word from 博 (“to gamble”).

한 박 먹다

(uncommon, idiomatic) unit of money spent during a round of gambling


입

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 邑 (Yale: *ip). Compare Japanese 言う (iu, “mouth”).

한 입만

a unit that counts the amount of food that can be eaten at a time.


살

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 설〯 (Yale: sěl).
The word 설 (seol, “Lunar New Year”) originally meant both "New Year" and "year of age". The two terms are connected; in Korea, one gains a new year of age at every New Year (so that all people born in the same year have the same age). In the eighteenth century, speakers created the new term 살 (sal, “year of age”) as a yang-vowel alternation of 설 (seol), and the original term came to mean only the New Year. 설 (seol) and 살 (sal) are one of a number of Korean noun pairs with yin-yang vowel alternation which were originally the same word.

몇 살입니까?
Myeot sar-imnikka?
How old are [you]?
(literally, “How many years of age are [you]?”)
Audio (South Korea): (file)

years of age (of a person) (takes native numerals)


분

Possibly from Chinese 分/份 ("part, portion").


호

the hanja entry at 戶 for Sino-Korean compounds of 호


술

First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 술〮 (Yale: swúl).

두 술만 더 떠 주세요.


바퀴

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 바회〮 (Yale: pàhwóy). The Middle Korean word also meant "rock" (> modern 바위 (bawi)), although this may be coincidental.

몇 바퀴 뛰었어?

두 바퀴 돌리면 돼.

Counter for turns, cycles, or rotations.


치

(unit of measure) a chi or Korean inch, traditional unit of length equivalent to about 3.03 cm; nowadays most often used in idiomatic expressions.

세치 혀

silver tongue, lip service; three-inch tongue

한 치 앞도 모르다

to not know anything about the future; to not know what is one inch in front


닢

From Middle Korean 닢〮 (Yale: níph, “leaf”), doublet of 잎 (ip).

동전 한 닢

(possibly dated) Used to count flat objects, nowadays mainly coins.


타

the hanja entry at 打 for Sino-Korean compounds of 타


그루

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 그릏 (Yale: kùlùh).


방

the hanja entry at 放 for Sino-Korean compounds of 방

한 방 먹이다 (vulgar)

Counter for injections (needle shots): shot


명

Sino-Korean word from 名, from the Middle Korean reading 며ᇰ (Yale: myèng).

다섯 명이 서 있습니다. ― Daseot myeong-i seo itseumnida. ― There are five people standing.


번

한번; 두번; 세번; 네번

One time; two times; three times; four times


마리

Originally identical to 머리 (meori, “head”), its yang-vowel analogue. This is one of a number of Korean yang-yin vowel pairs which were originally one word with two connected but different meanings, leading to speakers using vowels to differentiate between the two meanings. See also 살 (sal, “age”) and 설 (seol, “Lunar New Year”).


개월

Sino-Korean word from 個月, from 個 (“piece”) + 月 (“month”)

ko-etym-Sino

(number of) months; used as a count word for months


점

points; marks (in a competition, examination, etc.) (takes Sino-Korean numerals)


잔

a glass of a beverage (beer, soju, water, etc.)


가락

First attested in the Myobeomnyeonhwagyeong eonhae (妙法蓮華經諺解 / 묘법연화경언해), 1463, as Middle Korean 가락 (Yale: kàlàk).
This word is part of a family of related terms with a core meaning of "split". The ancestral root form appears to have been *가ᄃᆞ *kato- or similar, with some forms undergoing intervocalic lenition and some not. Related forms include 갈래 (gallae, “strand, fork, division”), 가달 (gadal, “something split from each other”), 가닥 (gadak, “strand, long thin object”), and 가르다 (gareuda, “to split, to sort out”).


보

50보 100보 아닌가요?

세 보 옆으로 가!


리

Sino-Korean word from 里 (“village; unit of distance”).

ko-etym-Sino

li; East Asian unit of distance (traditionally around 393 meters in Korea)

the hanja entry at 里 for Sino-Korean compounds of 리


필

Korean reading of various Chinese characters

한 필의 베적삼


필

네 필의 말


바쿠

그 버스를 타시면은... 섬 전체를 한 바쿠 돌아볼 수 잇을 겁니다.

2015 July 17, 정용환 [jeong'yonghwan], “천혜의 푸른 섬, 대청도 [cheonhyeui pureun seom, daecheongdo]”, in KBS 교양 [KBS gyoyang], 인천광역시 옹진군 대청면 [incheon'gwang'yeoksi ongjin'gun daecheongmyeon]:

If you take the bus... you'll be able to make one rotation around the island.

Gangwon, Gyeongsang, Seoul, Chungcheong, Jeolla dialect, and Hwanghae form of 바퀴 (bakwi, “counter for turns, cycles, rotations”)


송이

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 소ᇰ이〮 (Yale: swòng.í).


판

달걀 1판


군데

이 근처에 커피숍이 여러 군데 있습니다.

There are several coffee shops around here.

i geuncheo'e keopisyobi yeoreo gunde itseumnida.


주일

두 주일

몇 주일

사 주일

여러 주일

한 주일

나는 이틀에 한 나라씩 이 주일 동안 유럽 칠 개국을 여행했다.

I travelled to seven countries in Europe in a week, spending one day in each country.

naneun iteure han narassik i ju'il dong'an yureop chil gaegugeul yeohaenghaetda.

그는 사 주일 동안 병원에 입원해서 한 달 가까이 회사에 나가지 못했다.

He has been in hospital for four weeks and has not gone to work for nearly a month.

geuneun sa ju'il dong'an byeong'wone ibwonhaeseo han dal gakkai hoesa'e nagaji mothaetda.


칸

First attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean 간 (Yale: kan). Originally a variant reading of 간 (間, gan, “room”).


다발

Often compared to Japanese 束(たば) (taba, “bundle”).

꽃 한 다발


승

3승 2패

4전 2승 2패

2승 1무 1패

4전 전승

5승째다.


승

2의 5승

17의 2승

m의 n승
m-ui nseung
nth power of m

(mathematics) Counter for exponents in mathematical formulae.


갓

굴비 여섯 갓 ― gulbi yeoseot gat ― six bunches of dried croaker fish


다스

From Japanese ダース (dāsu, “dozen”), from English doz.

연필 한 다스


푼

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 분 (分, bun, “division”). First attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean 푼〯 (Yale: phwǔn).

ko-etym-native

돈이 한 푼도 없다

돈 몇 푼 갖고 소인배처럼 왜 그러냐?

Why are you behaving like a narrow-minded person because of a few pennies' worth of money?

Don myeot pun gatgo soinbaecheoreom wae geureonya?

(most common modern meaning) a classifier for a small amount of money

조선시대 때 엽전 세 푼으로 뭘 살 수 있었어?

How much could you buy with three cash coins in the Joseon dynasty?

Joseonsidae ttae yeopjeon se pun-euro mwol sal su isseosseo?

(historical) a classifier for cash coins

a candareen (unit of weight equivalent to 378 miligrams)

Alternative form of 분(分) (bun, “bun, unit of length”).


모금

First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 머곰 (Yale: mekwom).


개사

몇 개사가 비밀리에 모여 가격 담합을 모의하였다.

Several companies met in secret to conspire to fix prices.

Myeot gaesaga bimilli-e moyeo gagyeok damhab-eul mouihayeotda.

X와 Y 2개사


빠따

Japanese バット (batto), from English bat. For the "batter" sense and also the pronunciation, probably also from Japanese バッター (battā), from English batter. The counter sense is an allusion to the order of batters in baseball.

걔가 1빠따로 올렸어.

(slang, possibly vulgar) -th; position in order (with Sino-Korean numerals)


마하

Ultimately from German Mach (named after Ernst Mach), probably via Japanese マッハ (mahha, “Mach”).

마하 1.8


꼭지

원고 한 꼭지


초롱

[t͡ɕʰo̞ɾo̞ŋ]

containers, buckets, bucketfulls (of liquid)


돐

North Korea and Yanbian standard spelling of 돌 (dol, “anniversary”).


두름

From Middle Korean 두름 (twulum).
First attested in the Samguk Sagi (三國史記 / 삼국사기), 1145, as in Goguryeo placenames 冬音忽 (“Dongeumhol; Yonan, South Hwanghae at present”) and 冬音奈縣 (“Dongeumna/Dongeumnae prefecture; Hajeom-myeon, Ganghwa, Incheon at present”), and a Baekje placename 冬音縣 (“Dongeum prefecture; Daegu-myeon, Gangjin, South Jeolla at present”).
This term is a noun form of a verb 두르다 (dureuda, “to surround, to wrap”), which has a stem 둘ㅇ‐ (Yale: twulG-); this can explain how 冬 (Yale: twong, 도ᇰ) corresponds to 둘 (Yale: twul).

a unit of counting 20 fish in two braids of 10 fish per single braid

a unit of counting woven bundles of about 10 wild vegetables