"향하다" meaning in Korean

See 향하다 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ˈça̠(ː)ŋɦa̠da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: Inherited from Middle Korean 햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮 (hyǎnghótá), equivalent to 향(向) (hyang) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs). Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ko|okm|햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle Korean 햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮 (hyǎnghótá), {{inh+|ko|okm|햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮}} Inherited from Middle Korean 햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮 (hyǎnghótá), {{af|ko|향(向)|-하다|pos2=light verb deriving active verbs|t2=to do}} 향(向) (hyang) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs) Head templates: {{ko-verb|hanja=向하다}} 향하다 • (hyanghada) (infinitive 향해 or 향하여, sequential 향하니, hanja 向하다) Forms: hyanghada [romanization], 향해 [infinitive], 향하여 [infinitive], 향하니 [sequential], 向하다 [hanja], irregular [table-tags], 향한다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 향해 [indicative, informal, non-past], 향해요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 향합니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 향했다 [formal, indicative, past], 향했어 [indicative, informal, past], 향했어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 향했습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 향하느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 향해 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 향해요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 향합니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 향했느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 향했어 [informal, interrogative, past], 향했어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 향했습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 향하자 [formal, hortative], 향해 [hortative, informal], 향해요 [hortative, informal, polite], 향하십시다 [formal, hortative, polite], 향해라 [formal, imperative], 향하여라 [formal, imperative], 향해 [imperative, informal], 향해요 [imperative, informal, polite], 향합시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 향하겠다 [assertive, formal], 향하겠어 [assertive, informal], 향하겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 향하겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 향해 [causative, formal], 향해서 [causative, informal], 향하여서 [causative, informal], 향하니 [causative, informal, polite], 향하니까 [causative, formal, polite], 향하지만 [contrastive, formal], 향하는데 [contrastive, informal], 향하더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 향하고 [conjunctive, formal], 향하면 [conditional, formal], 향해야 [conditional, informal], 향하여야 [conditional, informal], 향하려고 [formal, motive-form], 향함 [formal, noun-from-verb], 향하기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 향했음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 향하였음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 향했기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 향하였기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 향한 [determiner, formal, past], 향하는 [determiner, formal, present], 향할 [determiner, formal, future], irregular [table-tags], 향하신다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 향하셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 향하세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 향하셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 향하십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 향하셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 향하셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 향하셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 향하셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 향하시느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 향하셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 향하세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 향하셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 향하십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 향하셨느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 향하셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 향하셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 향하셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], - [interrogative], 향하시라 [imperative, informal], 향하셔 [imperative, informal, polite], 향하세요 [formal, imperative, polite], 향하십시오 [imperative], 향하시겠다 [assertive, formal], 향하시겠어 [assertive, informal], 향하시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 향하시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 향하셔 [causative, formal, imperative], 향하셔서 [causative, informal], 향하시니 [causative, informal, polite], 향하시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 향하시지만 [contrastive, formal], 향하시는데 [contrastive, informal], 향하시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 향하시고 [conjunctive, formal], 향하시면 [conditional, formal], 향하셔야 [conditional, informal], 향하시려고 [formal, motive-form], 향하심 [formal, imperative, noun-from-verb], 향하시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 향하셨음 [formal, imperative, noun-from-verb, past], 향하셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 향하신 [determiner, formal, imperative, past], 향하시는 [determiner, formal, imperative, present], 향하실 [determiner, formal, future, imperative]
  1. (transitive or intransitive) to face; to make for, to go towards Tags: intransitive, transitive
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "okm",
        "3": "햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean 햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮 (hyǎnghótá)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "okm",
        "3": "햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle Korean 햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮 (hyǎnghótá)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "향(向)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "향(向) (hyang) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Korean 햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮 (hyǎnghótá), equivalent to 향(向) (hyang) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hyanghada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "向하다",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향한다",
      "roman": "hyanghanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해요",
      "roman": "hyanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향합니다",
      "roman": "hyanghamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했다",
      "roman": "hyanghaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했어",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했어요",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했습니다",
      "roman": "hyanghaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하느냐",
      "roman": "hyanghaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해요",
      "roman": "hyanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향합니까",
      "roman": "hyanghamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했느냐",
      "roman": "hyanghaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했어",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했어요",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했습니까",
      "roman": "hyanghaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하자",
      "roman": "hyanghaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해요",
      "roman": "hyanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하십시다",
      "roman": "hyanghasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해라",
      "roman": "hyanghaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하여라",
      "roman": "hyanghayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해요",
      "roman": "hyanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향합시오",
      "roman": "hyanghapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하겠다",
      "roman": "hyanghagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하겠어",
      "roman": "hyanghagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하겠어요",
      "roman": "hyanghagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하겠습니다",
      "roman": "hyanghagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해서",
      "roman": "hyanghaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하여서",
      "roman": "hyanghayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하니",
      "roman": "hyanghani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하니까",
      "roman": "hyanghanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하지만",
      "roman": "hyanghajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하는데",
      "roman": "hyanghaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하더니",
      "roman": "hyanghadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하고",
      "roman": "hyanghago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하면",
      "roman": "hyanghamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해야",
      "roman": "hyanghaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하여야",
      "roman": "hyanghayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하려고",
      "roman": "hyangharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향함",
      "roman": "hyangham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하기",
      "roman": "hyanghagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했음",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하였음",
      "roman": "hyanghayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했기",
      "roman": "hyanghaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하였기",
      "roman": "hyanghayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향한",
      "roman": "hyanghan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하는",
      "roman": "hyanghaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향할",
      "roman": "hyanghal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하신다",
      "roman": "hyanghasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하세요",
      "roman": "hyanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔요",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하십니다",
      "roman": "hyanghasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨다",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨어",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨어요",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨습니다",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시느냐",
      "roman": "hyanghasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하세요",
      "roman": "hyanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔요",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하십니까",
      "roman": "hyanghasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨느냐",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨어",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨어요",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨습니까",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시라",
      "roman": "hyanghasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하세요",
      "roman": "hyanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하십시오",
      "roman": "hyanghasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시겠다",
      "roman": "hyanghasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시겠어",
      "roman": "hyanghasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시겠어요",
      "roman": "hyanghasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "hyanghasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔서",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시니",
      "roman": "hyanghasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시니까",
      "roman": "hyanghasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시지만",
      "roman": "hyanghasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시는데",
      "roman": "hyanghasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시더니",
      "roman": "hyanghasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시고",
      "roman": "hyanghasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시면",
      "roman": "hyanghasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔야",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시려고",
      "roman": "hyanghasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하심",
      "roman": "hyanghasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시기",
      "roman": "hyanghasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨음",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨기",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하신",
      "roman": "hyanghasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시는",
      "roman": "hyanghasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하실",
      "roman": "hyanghasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "向하다"
      },
      "expansion": "향하다 • (hyanghada) (infinitive 향해 or 향하여, sequential 향하니, hanja 向하다)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to face; to make for, to go towards"
      ],
      "id": "en-향하다-ko-verb-rw2QK6V-",
      "links": [
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ],
        [
          "make for",
          "make for"
        ],
        [
          "towards",
          "towards"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive or intransitive) to face; to make for, to go towards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈça̠(ː)ŋɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "향(ː)하다"
    },
    {
      "other": "[향(ː)하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "향하다"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "okm",
        "3": "햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Korean 햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮 (hyǎnghótá)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "okm",
        "3": "햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle Korean 햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮 (hyǎnghótá)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "향(向)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "향(向) (hyang) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Korean 햐ᇰ〯ᄒᆞ〮다〮 (hyǎnghótá), equivalent to 향(向) (hyang) + -하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hyanghada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "向하다",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향한다",
      "roman": "hyanghanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해요",
      "roman": "hyanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향합니다",
      "roman": "hyanghamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했다",
      "roman": "hyanghaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했어",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했어요",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했습니다",
      "roman": "hyanghaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하느냐",
      "roman": "hyanghaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해요",
      "roman": "hyanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향합니까",
      "roman": "hyanghamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했느냐",
      "roman": "hyanghaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했어",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했어요",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했습니까",
      "roman": "hyanghaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하자",
      "roman": "hyanghaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해요",
      "roman": "hyanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하십시다",
      "roman": "hyanghasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해라",
      "roman": "hyanghaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하여라",
      "roman": "hyanghayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해요",
      "roman": "hyanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향합시오",
      "roman": "hyanghapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하겠다",
      "roman": "hyanghagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하겠어",
      "roman": "hyanghagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하겠어요",
      "roman": "hyanghagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하겠습니다",
      "roman": "hyanghagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해",
      "roman": "hyanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해서",
      "roman": "hyanghaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하여서",
      "roman": "hyanghayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하니",
      "roman": "hyanghani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하니까",
      "roman": "hyanghanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하지만",
      "roman": "hyanghajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하는데",
      "roman": "hyanghaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하더니",
      "roman": "hyanghadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하고",
      "roman": "hyanghago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하면",
      "roman": "hyanghamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향해야",
      "roman": "hyanghaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하여야",
      "roman": "hyanghayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하려고",
      "roman": "hyangharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향함",
      "roman": "hyangham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하기",
      "roman": "hyanghagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했음",
      "roman": "hyanghaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하였음",
      "roman": "hyanghayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향했기",
      "roman": "hyanghaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하였기",
      "roman": "hyanghayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향한",
      "roman": "hyanghan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하는",
      "roman": "hyanghaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향할",
      "roman": "hyanghal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하신다",
      "roman": "hyanghasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하세요",
      "roman": "hyanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔요",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하십니다",
      "roman": "hyanghasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨다",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨어",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨어요",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨습니다",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시느냐",
      "roman": "hyanghasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하세요",
      "roman": "hyanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔요",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하십니까",
      "roman": "hyanghasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨느냐",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨어",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨어요",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨습니까",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "interrogative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시라",
      "roman": "hyanghasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하세요",
      "roman": "hyanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하십시오",
      "roman": "hyanghasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시겠다",
      "roman": "hyanghasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시겠어",
      "roman": "hyanghasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시겠어요",
      "roman": "hyanghasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "hyanghasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔서",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시니",
      "roman": "hyanghasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시니까",
      "roman": "hyanghasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시지만",
      "roman": "hyanghasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시는데",
      "roman": "hyanghasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시더니",
      "roman": "hyanghasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시고",
      "roman": "hyanghasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시면",
      "roman": "hyanghasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셔야",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시려고",
      "roman": "hyanghasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하심",
      "roman": "hyanghasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시기",
      "roman": "hyanghasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨음",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하셨기",
      "roman": "hyanghasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하신",
      "roman": "hyanghasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하시는",
      "roman": "hyanghasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "향하실",
      "roman": "hyanghasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "向하다"
      },
      "expansion": "향하다 • (hyanghada) (infinitive 향해 or 향하여, sequential 향하니, hanja 向하다)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean ha-irregular verbs",
        "Korean intransitive verbs",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean transitive verbs",
        "Korean verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to face; to make for, to go towards"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "face",
          "face"
        ],
        [
          "make for",
          "make for"
        ],
        [
          "towards",
          "towards"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive or intransitive) to face; to make for, to go towards"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈça̠(ː)ŋɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "향(ː)하다"
    },
    {
      "other": "[향(ː)하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "향하다"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 향하다 meaning in Korean (14.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-20 using wiktextract (5887622 and c6a903f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.