"지키다" meaning in Korean

See 지키다 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [t͡ɕicçida̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 딕ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: tikho-ta). Etymology templates: {{ko-etym-native|wc|딕ᄒᆞ다|tikho-ta}} First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 딕ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: tikho-ta). Head templates: {{ko-verb}} 지키다 • (jikida) (infinitive 지켜 or 지키어, sequential 지키니) Forms: jikida [romanization], 지켜 [infinitive], 지키어 [infinitive], 지키니 [sequential], no-table-tags [table-tags], 지킨다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 지켜 [indicative, informal, non-past], 지켜요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 지키어요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 지킵니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 지켰다 [formal, indicative, past], 지켰어 [indicative, informal, past], 지켰어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 지켰습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 지키느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 지켜 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 지켜요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 지키어요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 지킵니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 지켰느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 지켰어 [informal, interrogative, past], 지켰어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 지켰습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 지키자 [formal, hortative], 지켜 [hortative, informal], 지켜요 [hortative, informal, polite], 지키어요 [hortative, informal, polite], 지키십시다 [formal, hortative, polite], 지켜라 [formal, imperative], 지키어라 [formal, imperative], 지켜 [imperative, informal], 지켜요 [imperative, informal, polite], 지키어요 [imperative, informal, polite], 지킵시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 지키겠다 [assertive, formal], 지키겠어 [assertive, informal], 지키겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 지키겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 지켜 [causative, formal], 지켜서 [causative, informal], 지키어서 [causative, informal], 지키니 [causative, informal, polite], 지키니까 [causative, formal, polite], 지키지만 [contrastive, formal], 지키는데 [contrastive, informal], 지키더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 지키고 [conjunctive, formal], 지키면 [conditional, formal], 지켜야 [conditional, informal], 지키어야 [conditional, informal], 지키려고 [formal, motive-form], 지킴 [formal, noun-from-verb], 지키기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 지켰음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 지키었음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 지켰기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 지키었기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 지킨 [determiner, formal, past], 지키는 [determiner, formal, present], 지킬 [determiner, formal, future], no-table-tags [table-tags], 지키신다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 지키셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 지키세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 지키셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 지키십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 지키셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 지키셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 지키셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 지키셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 지키시느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 지키셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 지키세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 지키셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 지키십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 지키셨느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 지키셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 지키셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 지키셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 지키시라 [formal, imperative], 지키셔 [imperative, informal], 지키세요 [imperative, informal, polite], 지키십시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 지키시겠다 [assertive, formal], 지키시겠어 [assertive, informal], 지키시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 지키시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 지키셔 [causative, formal], 지키셔서 [causative, informal], 지키시니 [causative, informal, polite], 지키시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 지키시지만 [contrastive, formal], 지키시는데 [contrastive, informal], 지키시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 지키시고 [conjunctive, formal], 지키시면 [conditional, formal], 지키셔야 [conditional, informal], 지키시려고 [formal, motive-form], 지키심 [formal, noun-from-verb], 지키시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 지키셨음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 지키셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 지키신 [determiner, formal, past], 지키시는 [determiner, formal, present], 지키실 [determiner, formal, future]
  1. to protect, to defend Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-지키다-ko-verb-nPJEdrS-
  2. to watch over Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-지키다-ko-verb-Vz3ESQPX
  3. to keep to, to abide by Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-지키다-ko-verb-01ttBCfQ Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean terms with redundant script codes, Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Native Korean words, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Korean entries with incorrect language header: 14 4 82 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant script codes: 22 8 70 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant transliterations: 16 5 80 Disambiguation of Native Korean words: 24 24 52 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 12 5 83 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 4 91
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wc",
        "2": "딕ᄒᆞ다",
        "3": "tikho-ta"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 딕ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: tikho-ta).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 딕ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: tikho-ta).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jikida",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킨다",
      "roman": "jikinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜요",
      "roman": "jikyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어요",
      "roman": "jikieoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킵니다",
      "roman": "jikimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰다",
      "roman": "jikyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰어",
      "roman": "jikyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰어요",
      "roman": "jikyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰습니다",
      "roman": "jikyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키느냐",
      "roman": "jikineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜요",
      "roman": "jikyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어요",
      "roman": "jikieoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킵니까",
      "roman": "jikimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰느냐",
      "roman": "jikyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰어",
      "roman": "jikyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰어요",
      "roman": "jikyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰습니까",
      "roman": "jikyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키자",
      "roman": "jikija",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜요",
      "roman": "jikyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어요",
      "roman": "jikieoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키십시다",
      "roman": "jikisipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜라",
      "roman": "jikyeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어라",
      "roman": "jikieora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜요",
      "roman": "jikyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어요",
      "roman": "jikieoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킵시오",
      "roman": "jikipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키겠다",
      "roman": "jikigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키겠어",
      "roman": "jikigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키겠어요",
      "roman": "jikigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키겠습니다",
      "roman": "jikigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜서",
      "roman": "jikyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어서",
      "roman": "jikieoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키니",
      "roman": "jikini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키니까",
      "roman": "jikinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키지만",
      "roman": "jikijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키는데",
      "roman": "jikineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키더니",
      "roman": "jikideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키고",
      "roman": "jikigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키면",
      "roman": "jikimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜야",
      "roman": "jikyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어야",
      "roman": "jikieoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키려고",
      "roman": "jikiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킴",
      "roman": "jikim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키기",
      "roman": "jikigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰음",
      "roman": "jikyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키었음",
      "roman": "jikieosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰기",
      "roman": "jikyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키었기",
      "roman": "jikieotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킨",
      "roman": "jikin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키는",
      "roman": "jikineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킬",
      "roman": "jikil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키신다",
      "roman": "jikisinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔",
      "roman": "jikisyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키세요",
      "roman": "jikiseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔요",
      "roman": "jikisyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키십니다",
      "roman": "jikisimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨다",
      "roman": "jikisyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨어",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨어요",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨습니다",
      "roman": "jikisyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시느냐",
      "roman": "jikisineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔",
      "roman": "jikisyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키세요",
      "roman": "jikiseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔요",
      "roman": "jikisyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키십니까",
      "roman": "jikisimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨느냐",
      "roman": "jikisyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨어",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨어요",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨습니까",
      "roman": "jikisyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시라",
      "roman": "jikisira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔",
      "roman": "jikisyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키세요",
      "roman": "jikiseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키십시오",
      "roman": "jikisipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시겠다",
      "roman": "jikisigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시겠어",
      "roman": "jikisigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시겠어요",
      "roman": "jikisigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시겠습니다",
      "roman": "jikisigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔",
      "roman": "jikisyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔서",
      "roman": "jikisyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시니",
      "roman": "jikisini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시니까",
      "roman": "jikisinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시지만",
      "roman": "jikisijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시는데",
      "roman": "jikisineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시더니",
      "roman": "jikisideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시고",
      "roman": "jikisigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시면",
      "roman": "jikisimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔야",
      "roman": "jikisyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시려고",
      "roman": "jikisiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키심",
      "roman": "jikisim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시기",
      "roman": "jikisigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨음",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨기",
      "roman": "jikisyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키신",
      "roman": "jikisin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시는",
      "roman": "jikisineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키실",
      "roman": "jikisil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "지키다 • (jikida) (infinitive 지켜 or 지키어, sequential 지키니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to protect, to defend"
      ],
      "id": "en-지키다-ko-verb-nPJEdrS-",
      "links": [
        [
          "protect",
          "protect"
        ],
        [
          "defend",
          "defend"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to watch over"
      ],
      "id": "en-지키다-ko-verb-Vz3ESQPX",
      "links": [
        [
          "watch over",
          "watch over"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 4 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 8 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 5 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 24 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 5 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to preserve silence",
          "roman": "chimmug-eul jikida",
          "text": "침묵을 지키다",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to keep to, to abide by"
      ],
      "id": "en-지키다-ko-verb-01ttBCfQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "keep",
          "keep"
        ],
        [
          "abide",
          "abide"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕicçida̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "지키다"
    },
    {
      "other": "[지키다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "지키다"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with audio links",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Korean transitive verbs",
    "Korean verbs",
    "Native Korean words",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wc",
        "2": "딕ᄒᆞ다",
        "3": "tikho-ta"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 딕ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: tikho-ta).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 딕ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: tikho-ta).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jikida",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킨다",
      "roman": "jikinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜요",
      "roman": "jikyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어요",
      "roman": "jikieoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킵니다",
      "roman": "jikimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰다",
      "roman": "jikyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰어",
      "roman": "jikyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰어요",
      "roman": "jikyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰습니다",
      "roman": "jikyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키느냐",
      "roman": "jikineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜요",
      "roman": "jikyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어요",
      "roman": "jikieoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킵니까",
      "roman": "jikimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰느냐",
      "roman": "jikyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰어",
      "roman": "jikyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰어요",
      "roman": "jikyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰습니까",
      "roman": "jikyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키자",
      "roman": "jikija",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜요",
      "roman": "jikyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어요",
      "roman": "jikieoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키십시다",
      "roman": "jikisipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜라",
      "roman": "jikyeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어라",
      "roman": "jikieora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜요",
      "roman": "jikyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어요",
      "roman": "jikieoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킵시오",
      "roman": "jikipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키겠다",
      "roman": "jikigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키겠어",
      "roman": "jikigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키겠어요",
      "roman": "jikigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키겠습니다",
      "roman": "jikigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜",
      "roman": "jikyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜서",
      "roman": "jikyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어서",
      "roman": "jikieoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키니",
      "roman": "jikini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키니까",
      "roman": "jikinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키지만",
      "roman": "jikijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키는데",
      "roman": "jikineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키더니",
      "roman": "jikideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키고",
      "roman": "jikigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키면",
      "roman": "jikimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켜야",
      "roman": "jikyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키어야",
      "roman": "jikieoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키려고",
      "roman": "jikiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킴",
      "roman": "jikim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키기",
      "roman": "jikigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰음",
      "roman": "jikyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키었음",
      "roman": "jikieosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지켰기",
      "roman": "jikyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키었기",
      "roman": "jikieotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킨",
      "roman": "jikin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키는",
      "roman": "jikineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지킬",
      "roman": "jikil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키신다",
      "roman": "jikisinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔",
      "roman": "jikisyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키세요",
      "roman": "jikiseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔요",
      "roman": "jikisyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키십니다",
      "roman": "jikisimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨다",
      "roman": "jikisyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨어",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨어요",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨습니다",
      "roman": "jikisyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시느냐",
      "roman": "jikisineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔",
      "roman": "jikisyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키세요",
      "roman": "jikiseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔요",
      "roman": "jikisyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키십니까",
      "roman": "jikisimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨느냐",
      "roman": "jikisyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨어",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨어요",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨습니까",
      "roman": "jikisyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시라",
      "roman": "jikisira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔",
      "roman": "jikisyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키세요",
      "roman": "jikiseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키십시오",
      "roman": "jikisipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시겠다",
      "roman": "jikisigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시겠어",
      "roman": "jikisigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시겠어요",
      "roman": "jikisigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시겠습니다",
      "roman": "jikisigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔",
      "roman": "jikisyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔서",
      "roman": "jikisyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시니",
      "roman": "jikisini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시니까",
      "roman": "jikisinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시지만",
      "roman": "jikisijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시는데",
      "roman": "jikisineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시더니",
      "roman": "jikisideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시고",
      "roman": "jikisigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시면",
      "roman": "jikisimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셔야",
      "roman": "jikisyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시려고",
      "roman": "jikisiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키심",
      "roman": "jikisim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시기",
      "roman": "jikisigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨음",
      "roman": "jikisyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키셨기",
      "roman": "jikisyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키신",
      "roman": "jikisin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키시는",
      "roman": "jikisineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "지키실",
      "roman": "jikisil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "지키다 • (jikida) (infinitive 지켜 or 지키어, sequential 지키니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to protect, to defend"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "protect",
          "protect"
        ],
        [
          "defend",
          "defend"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to watch over"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "watch over",
          "watch over"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to preserve silence",
          "roman": "chimmug-eul jikida",
          "text": "침묵을 지키다",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to keep to, to abide by"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "keep",
          "keep"
        ],
        [
          "abide",
          "abide"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕicçida̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "지키다"
    },
    {
      "other": "[지키다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "지키다"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 지키다 meaning in Korean (13.7kB)

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.