"꺾다" meaning in Korean

See 꺾다 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [k͈ʌ̹k̚t͈a̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 거ᇧ다〮 (Yale: kèsk-tá). The initial consonant underwent spontaneous gemination in the eighteenth century, a phenomenon recurrent in the Modern stage of Korean and motivated by sound-symbolic effects. The Old Korean ancestor is attested in the infinitive form as 折叱可 (*KEska) in the Heonhwa-ga, an eighth-century hyangga poem. While the nature of Old Korean orthography—where only the final phonemes of the verb stem are shown—makes an exact phonological transcription of this inflected verb impossible, the form demonstrates that the Old Korean word for "to snap" (equivalent to Chinese 折) also ended in *-sk or *-skV. Etymology templates: {{ko-etym-native|ss|거ᇧ다〮|kèsk-tá}} First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 거ᇧ다〮 (Yale: kèsk-tá)., {{m|oko||折叱可|tr=*KEska}} 折叱可 (*KEska), {{noncog|zh|折}} Chinese 折 Head templates: {{ko-verb}} 꺾다 • (kkeokda) (infinitive 꺾어, sequential 꺾으니) Forms: kkeokda [romanization], 꺾어 [infinitive], 꺾으니 [sequential], no-table-tags [table-tags], 꺾는다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 꺾어 [indicative, informal, non-past], 꺾어요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 꺾습니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 꺾었다 [formal, indicative, past], 꺾었어 [indicative, informal, past], 꺾었어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 꺾었습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 꺾느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 꺾어 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 꺾어요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 꺾습니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 꺾었느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 꺾었어 [informal, interrogative, past], 꺾었어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 꺾었습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 꺾자 [formal, hortative], 꺾어 [hortative, informal], 꺾어요 [hortative, informal, polite], 꺾으십시다 [formal, hortative, polite], 꺾어라 [formal, imperative], 꺾어 [imperative, informal], 꺾어요 [imperative, informal, polite], 꺾읍시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 꺾겠다 [assertive, formal], 꺾겠어 [assertive, informal], 꺾겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 꺾겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 꺾어 [causative, formal], 꺾어서 [causative, informal], 꺾으니 [causative, informal, polite], 꺾으니까 [causative, formal, polite], 꺾지만 [contrastive, formal], 꺾는데 [contrastive, informal], 꺾더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 꺾고 [conjunctive, formal], 꺾으면 [conditional, formal], 꺾어야 [conditional, informal], 꺾으려고 [formal, motive-form], 꺾음 [formal, noun-from-verb], 꺾기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 꺾었음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 꺾었기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 꺾은 [determiner, formal, past], 꺾는 [determiner, formal, present], 꺾을 [determiner, formal, future], no-table-tags [table-tags], 꺾으신다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 꺾으셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 꺾으세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 꺾으셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 꺾으십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 꺾으셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 꺾으셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 꺾으셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 꺾으셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 꺾으시느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 꺾으셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 꺾으세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 꺾으셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 꺾으십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 꺾으셨느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 꺾으셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 꺾으셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 꺾으셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 꺾으시라 [formal, imperative], 꺾으셔 [imperative, informal], 꺾으세요 [imperative, informal, polite], 꺾으십시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 꺾으시겠다 [assertive, formal], 꺾으시겠어 [assertive, informal], 꺾으시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 꺾으시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 꺾으셔 [causative, formal], 꺾으셔서 [causative, informal], 꺾으시니 [causative, informal, polite], 꺾으시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 꺾으시지만 [contrastive, formal], 꺾으시는데 [contrastive, informal], 꺾으시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 꺾으시고 [conjunctive, formal], 꺾으시면 [conditional, formal], 꺾으셔야 [conditional, informal], 꺾으시려고 [formal, motive-form], 꺾으심 [formal, noun-from-verb], 꺾으시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 꺾으셨음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 꺾으셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 꺾으신 [determiner, formal, past], 꺾으시는 [determiner, formal, present], 꺾으실 [determiner, formal, future]
  1. (transitive) to snap, to pluck (e.g. a branch, a flower) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-꺾다-ko-verb-IqelzT1L Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean terms with redundant script codes, Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Native Korean words

Download JSON data for 꺾다 meaning in Korean (13.5kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ss",
        "2": "거ᇧ다〮",
        "3": "kèsk-tá"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 거ᇧ다〮 (Yale: kèsk-tá).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oko",
        "2": "",
        "3": "折叱可",
        "tr": "*KEska"
      },
      "expansion": "折叱可 (*KEska)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "折"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 折",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 거ᇧ다〮 (Yale: kèsk-tá). The initial consonant underwent spontaneous gemination in the eighteenth century, a phenomenon recurrent in the Modern stage of Korean and motivated by sound-symbolic effects.\nThe Old Korean ancestor is attested in the infinitive form as 折叱可 (*KEska) in the Heonhwa-ga, an eighth-century hyangga poem. While the nature of Old Korean orthography—where only the final phonemes of the verb stem are shown—makes an exact phonological transcription of this inflected verb impossible, the form demonstrates that the Old Korean word for \"to snap\" (equivalent to Chinese 折) also ended in *-sk or *-skV.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kkeokda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾는다",
      "roman": "kkeongneunda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾느냐",
      "roman": "kkeongneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾습니까",
      "roman": "kkeokseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었느냐",
      "roman": "kkeokkeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었습니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾자",
      "roman": "kkeokja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으십시다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어라",
      "roman": "kkeokkeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾읍시오",
      "roman": "kkeokkeupsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾겠다",
      "roman": "kkeokgetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾겠어",
      "roman": "kkeokgesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾겠어요",
      "roman": "kkeokgesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾겠습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokgetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어서",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으니",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeunikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾지만",
      "roman": "kkeokjiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾는데",
      "roman": "kkeongneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾더니",
      "roman": "kkeokdeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾고",
      "roman": "kkeokgo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으면",
      "roman": "kkeokkeumyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어야",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으려고",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾음",
      "roman": "kkeokkeum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾기",
      "roman": "kkeokgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었음",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었기",
      "roman": "kkeokkeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾은",
      "roman": "kkeokkeun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾는",
      "roman": "kkeongneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾을",
      "roman": "kkeokkeul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으신다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으세요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으십니다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시느냐",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으세요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으십니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨느냐",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨습니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시라",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으세요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으십시오",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시겠다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시겠어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시겠어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시겠습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔서",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시니",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시지만",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시는데",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시더니",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시고",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시면",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔야",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시려고",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으심",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시기",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨음",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨기",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으신",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시는",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으실",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "꺾다 • (kkeokda) (infinitive 꺾어, sequential 꺾으니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to snap, to pluck (e.g. a branch, a flower)"
      ],
      "id": "en-꺾다-ko-verb-IqelzT1L",
      "links": [
        [
          "snap",
          "snap"
        ],
        [
          "pluck",
          "pluck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to snap, to pluck (e.g. a branch, a flower)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[k͈ʌ̹k̚t͈a̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[꺽따]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "꺾다"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ss",
        "2": "거ᇧ다〮",
        "3": "kèsk-tá"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 거ᇧ다〮 (Yale: kèsk-tá).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oko",
        "2": "",
        "3": "折叱可",
        "tr": "*KEska"
      },
      "expansion": "折叱可 (*KEska)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "折"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 折",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 거ᇧ다〮 (Yale: kèsk-tá). The initial consonant underwent spontaneous gemination in the eighteenth century, a phenomenon recurrent in the Modern stage of Korean and motivated by sound-symbolic effects.\nThe Old Korean ancestor is attested in the infinitive form as 折叱可 (*KEska) in the Heonhwa-ga, an eighth-century hyangga poem. While the nature of Old Korean orthography—where only the final phonemes of the verb stem are shown—makes an exact phonological transcription of this inflected verb impossible, the form demonstrates that the Old Korean word for \"to snap\" (equivalent to Chinese 折) also ended in *-sk or *-skV.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kkeokda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾는다",
      "roman": "kkeongneunda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾느냐",
      "roman": "kkeongneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾습니까",
      "roman": "kkeokseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었느냐",
      "roman": "kkeokkeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었습니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾자",
      "roman": "kkeokja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으십시다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어라",
      "roman": "kkeokkeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾읍시오",
      "roman": "kkeokkeupsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾겠다",
      "roman": "kkeokgetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾겠어",
      "roman": "kkeokgesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾겠어요",
      "roman": "kkeokgesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾겠습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokgetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어서",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으니",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeunikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾지만",
      "roman": "kkeokjiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾는데",
      "roman": "kkeongneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾더니",
      "roman": "kkeokdeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾고",
      "roman": "kkeokgo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으면",
      "roman": "kkeokkeumyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾어야",
      "roman": "kkeokkeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으려고",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾음",
      "roman": "kkeokkeum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾기",
      "roman": "kkeokgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었음",
      "roman": "kkeokkeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾었기",
      "roman": "kkeokkeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾은",
      "roman": "kkeokkeun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾는",
      "roman": "kkeongneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾을",
      "roman": "kkeokkeul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "consonant-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으신다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으세요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으십니다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시느냐",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으세요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으십니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨느냐",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨습니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시라",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으세요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeuseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으십시오",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시겠다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시겠어",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시겠어요",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시겠습니다",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔서",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시니",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시니까",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시지만",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시는데",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시더니",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시고",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시면",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셔야",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시려고",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으심",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시기",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨음",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으셨기",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으신",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으시는",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "꺾으실",
      "roman": "kkeokkeusil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "꺾다 • (kkeokda) (infinitive 꺾어, sequential 꺾으니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean transitive verbs",
        "Korean verbs",
        "Native Korean words"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to snap, to pluck (e.g. a branch, a flower)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "snap",
          "snap"
        ],
        [
          "pluck",
          "pluck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to snap, to pluck (e.g. a branch, a flower)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[k͈ʌ̹k̚t͈a̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[꺽따]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "꺾다"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.