"고성" meaning in Korean

See 고성 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: [ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: Goseong [romanization], 高城 [hanja]
Etymology: Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”). For the place name, coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla as part of the toponymic Sinicization reform of 757. This was an adaptation of the original place name 達忽, which presumably meant "high castle". Note Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”). The county is currently split along the DMZ. Etymology templates: {{ko-etym-sino|高|high|城|fortress}} Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”), {{coin|ko|Gyeongdeok of Silla|nat=Korean|nocap=y|occ=monarch|w=Gyeongdeok of Silla}} coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla, {{cog|zkg|忽|t=castle, fortified place}} Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”) Head templates: {{ko-proper noun|hanja=高城}} 고성 • (Goseong) (hanja 高城)
  1. Goseong (a county of Gangwon Province, South Korea) Categories (place): Counties of South Korea, Places in Gangwon Province, Places in South Korea
    Sense id: en-고성-ko-name-2W4CmLqN Categories (other): Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Sino-Korean words Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant transliterations: 30 34 8 3 18 6 Disambiguation of Sino-Korean words: 17 16 20 10 17 19
  2. Kosong (a county of Kangwon Province, North Korea) Categories (place): Counties of North Korea, Places in Kangwon Province, Places in North Korea
    Sense id: en-고성-ko-name-T24PFp9F Categories (other): Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Sino-Korean words Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant transliterations: 30 34 8 3 18 6 Disambiguation of Sino-Korean words: 17 16 20 10 17 19
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 4

Proper name

IPA: [ˈko̞(ː)sʰʌ̹ŋ] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: Goseong [romanization], 固城 [hanja]
Etymology: Coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla to replace the earlier place name 古自, modern Korean reading 고자 (Goja), with a more Sinitic form while keeping *ko for the first syllable. Further etymology unclear. The place name *Kotsʌ is first given in the third-century Chinese source Records of the Three Kingdoms as Late Old Chinese 古資彌凍 (*kɑtsi-mietoŋ) where *mietoŋ appears to be a suffix. See Gaya language for more. Etymology templates: {{coin|ko|Gyeongdeok of Silla|nat=Korean|occ=monarch|w=Gyeongdeok of Silla}} Coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla, {{cog|och-lat|古資彌凍|tr=*kɑtsi-mietoŋ}} Late Old Chinese 古資彌凍 (*kɑtsi-mietoŋ) Head templates: {{ko-proper noun|hanja=固城}} 고성 • (Goseong) (hanja 固城)
  1. Goseong (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea) Categories (place): Cities in South Gyeongsang Province, Cities in South Korea, Places in South Gyeongsang Province, Places in South Korea
    Sense id: en-고성-ko-name-UwZAW6I6 Categories (other): Korean entries with incorrect language header, Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable, Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Korean terms with redundant script codes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Korean entries with incorrect language header: 16 21 41 5 3 11 3 Disambiguation of Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable: 16 18 43 5 3 11 4 Disambiguation of Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 17 19 44 4 3 10 3 Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant script codes: 15 18 43 6 4 10 5 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 16 18 43 2 4 13 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 15 20 46 2 3 11 3
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 5

Noun

IPA: [ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: goseong [romanization], 高聲 [hanja]
Etymology: Sino-Korean word from 高聲, from 高 (“high”) + 聲 (“sound”). Etymology templates: {{ko-etym-sino|高|high|聲|sound}} Sino-Korean word from 高聲, from 高 (“high”) + 聲 (“sound”) Head templates: {{ko-noun|hanja=高聲}} 고성 • (goseong) (hanja 高聲)
  1. shouting, shout, yell Derived forms: 고성방가(高聲放歌) (goseongbangga)
    Sense id: en-고성-ko-noun-UFy1y3S6 Categories (other): Sino-Korean words Disambiguation of Sino-Korean words: 17 16 20 10 17 19
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: [ˈko̞(ː)sʰʌ̹ŋ] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: goseong [romanization], 古城 [hanja]
Etymology: Sino-Korean word from 古城, from 古 (“ancient”) + 城 (“fortress”). Etymology templates: {{ko-etym-sino|古|ancient|城|fortress}} Sino-Korean word from 古城, from 古 (“ancient”) + 城 (“fortress”) Head templates: {{ko-noun|hanja=古城}} 고성 • (goseong) (hanja 古城)
  1. ancient or historical fortress
    Sense id: en-고성-ko-noun-iLwMF9ut Categories (other): Sino-Korean words Disambiguation of Sino-Korean words: 17 16 20 10 17 19
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: [ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: goseong [romanization], 孤城 [hanja]
Etymology: Sino-Korean word from 孤城, from 孤 (“lonely”) + 城 (“fortress”). Etymology templates: {{ko-etym-sino|孤|lonely|城|fortress}} Sino-Korean word from 孤城, from 孤 (“lonely”) + 城 (“fortress”) Head templates: {{ko-noun|hanja=孤城}} 고성 • (goseong) (hanja 孤城)
  1. unrelieved fortress; besieged fortress without hope of a relief force
    Sense id: en-고성-ko-noun-YehdF5HP Categories (other): Korean terms with redundant transliterations, Sino-Korean words Disambiguation of Korean terms with redundant transliterations: 30 34 8 3 18 6 Disambiguation of Sino-Korean words: 17 16 20 10 17 19
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Noun

IPA: [ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ] [SK-Standard, Seoul] Forms: goseong [romanization], 高城 [hanja]
Etymology: Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”). For the place name, coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla as part of the toponymic Sinicization reform of 757. This was an adaptation of the original place name 達忽, which presumably meant "high castle". Note Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”). The county is currently split along the DMZ. Etymology templates: {{ko-etym-sino|高|high|城|fortress}} Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”), {{coin|ko|Gyeongdeok of Silla|nat=Korean|nocap=y|occ=monarch|w=Gyeongdeok of Silla}} coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla, {{cog|zkg|忽|t=castle, fortified place}} Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”) Head templates: {{ko-noun|hanja=高城}} 고성 • (goseong) (hanja 高城)
  1. (literary) towering fortress Tags: literary
    Sense id: en-고성-ko-noun-HDNrc9Yw Categories (other): Sino-Korean words Disambiguation of Sino-Korean words: 17 16 20 10 17 19
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 4

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "高",
        "2": "high",
        "3": "聲",
        "4": "sound"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 高聲, from 高 (“high”) + 聲 (“sound”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 高聲, from 高 (“high”) + 聲 (“sound”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高聲",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "高聲"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (goseong) (hanja 高聲)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 20 10 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sino-Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "goseongbangga",
          "word": "고성방가(高聲放歌)"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I slept poorly because of the shouting from the couple next door.",
          "roman": "Iutjip bubu-ui goseong ttaemun-e jam-eul seolcheotda.",
          "text": "이웃집 부부의 고성 때문에 잠을 설쳤다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shouting, shout, yell"
      ],
      "id": "en-고성-ko-noun-UFy1y3S6",
      "links": [
        [
          "shout",
          "shout"
        ],
        [
          "yell",
          "yell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고성]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "古",
        "2": "ancient",
        "3": "城",
        "4": "fortress"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 古城, from 古 (“ancient”) + 城 (“fortress”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 古城, from 古 (“ancient”) + 城 (“fortress”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "古城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "古城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (goseong) (hanja 古城)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 20 10 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sino-Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I visited an old fortress built by a medieval Egyptian sultan.",
          "roman": "Jungse Ijipteu-ui sultan-i jieun goseong-eul deulleotda.",
          "text": "중세 이집트의 술탄이 지은 고성을 들렀다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ancient or historical fortress"
      ],
      "id": "en-고성-ko-noun-iLwMF9ut",
      "links": [
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "historical",
          "historical"
        ],
        [
          "fortress",
          "fortress"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈko̞(ː)sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고(ː)성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고(ː)성]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "孤",
        "2": "lonely",
        "3": "城",
        "4": "fortress"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 孤城, from 孤 (“lonely”) + 城 (“fortress”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 孤城, from 孤 (“lonely”) + 城 (“fortress”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "孤城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "孤城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (goseong) (hanja 孤城)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 34 8 3 18 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 20 10 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sino-Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "unrelieved fortress; besieged fortress without hope of a relief force"
      ],
      "id": "en-고성-ko-noun-YehdF5HP",
      "links": [
        [
          "unrelieved",
          "unrelieved"
        ],
        [
          "fortress",
          "fortress"
        ],
        [
          "besiege",
          "besiege"
        ],
        [
          "hope",
          "hope"
        ],
        [
          "relief",
          "relief"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고성]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "高",
        "2": "high",
        "3": "城",
        "4": "fortress"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "Gyeongdeok of Silla",
        "nat": "Korean",
        "nocap": "y",
        "occ": "monarch",
        "w": "Gyeongdeok of Silla"
      },
      "expansion": "coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla",
      "name": "coin"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zkg",
        "2": "忽",
        "t": "castle, fortified place"
      },
      "expansion": "Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”).\nFor the place name, coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla as part of the toponymic Sinicization reform of 757. This was an adaptation of the original place name 達忽, which presumably meant \"high castle\". Note Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”). The county is currently split along the DMZ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "高城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (goseong) (hanja 高城)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 20 10 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sino-Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "towering fortress"
      ],
      "id": "en-고성-ko-noun-HDNrc9Yw",
      "links": [
        [
          "tower",
          "tower"
        ],
        [
          "fortress",
          "fortress"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) towering fortress"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고성]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Placename glosses in the Samguk sagi"
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "高",
        "2": "high",
        "3": "城",
        "4": "fortress"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "Gyeongdeok of Silla",
        "nat": "Korean",
        "nocap": "y",
        "occ": "monarch",
        "w": "Gyeongdeok of Silla"
      },
      "expansion": "coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla",
      "name": "coin"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zkg",
        "2": "忽",
        "t": "castle, fortified place"
      },
      "expansion": "Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”).\nFor the place name, coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla as part of the toponymic Sinicization reform of 757. This was an adaptation of the original place name 達忽, which presumably meant \"high castle\". Note Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”). The county is currently split along the DMZ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "高城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (Goseong) (hanja 高城)",
      "name": "ko-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Counties of South Korea",
          "orig": "ko:Counties of South Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Counties",
            "Places",
            "Political subdivisions",
            "Names",
            "Polities",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Places in Gangwon Province",
          "orig": "ko:Places in Gangwon Province",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Places in South Korea",
          "orig": "ko:Places in South Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 34 8 3 18 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 20 10 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sino-Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Goseong (a county of Gangwon Province, South Korea)"
      ],
      "id": "en-고성-ko-name-2W4CmLqN",
      "links": [
        [
          "Goseong",
          "Goseong#English"
        ],
        [
          "Gangwon",
          "Gangwon#English"
        ],
        [
          "South Korea",
          "South Korea#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Counties of North Korea",
          "orig": "ko:Counties of North Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Counties",
            "Places",
            "Political subdivisions",
            "Names",
            "Polities",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Places in Kangwon Province",
          "orig": "ko:Places in Kangwon Province",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Places in North Korea",
          "orig": "ko:Places in North Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 34 8 3 18 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 16 20 10 17 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sino-Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Kosong (a county of Kangwon Province, North Korea)"
      ],
      "id": "en-고성-ko-name-T24PFp9F",
      "links": [
        [
          "Kosong",
          "Kosong#English"
        ],
        [
          "Kangwon",
          "Kangwon#English"
        ],
        [
          "North Korea",
          "North Korea#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고성]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Placename glosses in the Samguk sagi"
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 5,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "Gyeongdeok of Silla",
        "nat": "Korean",
        "occ": "monarch",
        "w": "Gyeongdeok of Silla"
      },
      "expansion": "Coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla",
      "name": "coin"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "och-lat",
        "2": "古資彌凍",
        "tr": "*kɑtsi-mietoŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Old Chinese 古資彌凍 (*kɑtsi-mietoŋ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla to replace the earlier place name 古自, modern Korean reading 고자 (Goja), with a more Sinitic form while keeping *ko for the first syllable.\nFurther etymology unclear. The place name *Kotsʌ is first given in the third-century Chinese source Records of the Three Kingdoms as Late Old Chinese 古資彌凍 (*kɑtsi-mietoŋ) where *mietoŋ appears to be a suffix. See Gaya language for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "固城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "固城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (Goseong) (hanja 固城)",
      "name": "ko-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Cities in South Gyeongsang Province",
          "orig": "ko:Cities in South Gyeongsang Province",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Cities in South Korea",
          "orig": "ko:Cities in South Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Places in South Gyeongsang Province",
          "orig": "ko:Places in South Gyeongsang Province",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Places in South Korea",
          "orig": "ko:Places in South Korea",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 21 41 5 3 11 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 18 43 5 3 11 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 19 44 4 3 10 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 18 43 6 4 10 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 18 43 2 4 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 20 46 2 3 11 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Goseong (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)"
      ],
      "id": "en-고성-ko-name-UwZAW6I6",
      "links": [
        [
          "Goseong",
          "Goseong#English"
        ],
        [
          "South Gyeongsang",
          "South Gyeongsang#English"
        ],
        [
          "South Korea",
          "South Korea#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈko̞(ː)sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고(ː)성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고(ː)성]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Gaya language",
    "Records of the Three Kingdoms"
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean coinages",
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean nouns",
    "Korean proper nouns",
    "Korean terms coined by Gyeongdeok of Silla",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sino-Korean words"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "goseongbangga",
      "word": "고성방가(高聲放歌)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "高",
        "2": "high",
        "3": "聲",
        "4": "sound"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 高聲, from 高 (“high”) + 聲 (“sound”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 高聲, from 高 (“high”) + 聲 (“sound”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高聲",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "高聲"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (goseong) (hanja 高聲)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I slept poorly because of the shouting from the couple next door.",
          "roman": "Iutjip bubu-ui goseong ttaemun-e jam-eul seolcheotda.",
          "text": "이웃집 부부의 고성 때문에 잠을 설쳤다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shouting, shout, yell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shout",
          "shout"
        ],
        [
          "yell",
          "yell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고성]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean coinages",
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean nouns",
    "Korean proper nouns",
    "Korean terms coined by Gyeongdeok of Silla",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sino-Korean words"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "古",
        "2": "ancient",
        "3": "城",
        "4": "fortress"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 古城, from 古 (“ancient”) + 城 (“fortress”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 古城, from 古 (“ancient”) + 城 (“fortress”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "古城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "古城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (goseong) (hanja 古城)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I visited an old fortress built by a medieval Egyptian sultan.",
          "roman": "Jungse Ijipteu-ui sultan-i jieun goseong-eul deulleotda.",
          "text": "중세 이집트의 술탄이 지은 고성을 들렀다.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ancient or historical fortress"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ancient",
          "ancient"
        ],
        [
          "historical",
          "historical"
        ],
        [
          "fortress",
          "fortress"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈko̞(ː)sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고(ː)성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고(ː)성]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean coinages",
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean nouns",
    "Korean proper nouns",
    "Korean terms coined by Gyeongdeok of Silla",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sino-Korean words"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "孤",
        "2": "lonely",
        "3": "城",
        "4": "fortress"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 孤城, from 孤 (“lonely”) + 城 (“fortress”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 孤城, from 孤 (“lonely”) + 城 (“fortress”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "孤城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "孤城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (goseong) (hanja 孤城)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "unrelieved fortress; besieged fortress without hope of a relief force"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "unrelieved",
          "unrelieved"
        ],
        [
          "fortress",
          "fortress"
        ],
        [
          "besiege",
          "besiege"
        ],
        [
          "hope",
          "hope"
        ],
        [
          "relief",
          "relief"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고성]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean coinages",
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean nouns",
    "Korean proper nouns",
    "Korean terms coined by Gyeongdeok of Silla",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sino-Korean words"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "高",
        "2": "high",
        "3": "城",
        "4": "fortress"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "Gyeongdeok of Silla",
        "nat": "Korean",
        "nocap": "y",
        "occ": "monarch",
        "w": "Gyeongdeok of Silla"
      },
      "expansion": "coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla",
      "name": "coin"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zkg",
        "2": "忽",
        "t": "castle, fortified place"
      },
      "expansion": "Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”).\nFor the place name, coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla as part of the toponymic Sinicization reform of 757. This was an adaptation of the original place name 達忽, which presumably meant \"high castle\". Note Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”). The county is currently split along the DMZ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "高城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (goseong) (hanja 高城)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "towering fortress"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tower",
          "tower"
        ],
        [
          "fortress",
          "fortress"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) towering fortress"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고성]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Placename glosses in the Samguk sagi"
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean coinages",
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean nouns",
    "Korean proper nouns",
    "Korean terms coined by Gyeongdeok of Silla",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sino-Korean words"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "高",
        "2": "high",
        "3": "城",
        "4": "fortress"
      },
      "expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”)",
      "name": "ko-etym-sino"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "Gyeongdeok of Silla",
        "nat": "Korean",
        "nocap": "y",
        "occ": "monarch",
        "w": "Gyeongdeok of Silla"
      },
      "expansion": "coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla",
      "name": "coin"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zkg",
        "2": "忽",
        "t": "castle, fortified place"
      },
      "expansion": "Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 高城, from 高 (“high”) + 城 (“fortress”).\nFor the place name, coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla as part of the toponymic Sinicization reform of 757. This was an adaptation of the original place name 達忽, which presumably meant \"high castle\". Note Goguryeo 忽 (“castle, fortified place”). The county is currently split along the DMZ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "高城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "高城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (Goseong) (hanja 高城)",
      "name": "ko-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "ko:Counties of South Korea",
        "ko:Places in Gangwon Province",
        "ko:Places in South Korea"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Goseong (a county of Gangwon Province, South Korea)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Goseong",
          "Goseong#English"
        ],
        [
          "Gangwon",
          "Gangwon#English"
        ],
        [
          "South Korea",
          "South Korea#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ko:Counties of North Korea",
        "ko:Places in Kangwon Province",
        "ko:Places in North Korea"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Kosong (a county of Kangwon Province, North Korea)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Kosong",
          "Kosong#English"
        ],
        [
          "Kangwon",
          "Kangwon#English"
        ],
        [
          "North Korea",
          "North Korea#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고성]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Placename glosses in the Samguk sagi"
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean coinages",
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean proper nouns",
    "Korean terms coined by Gyeongdeok of Silla",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable",
    "Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 5,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "Gyeongdeok of Silla",
        "nat": "Korean",
        "occ": "monarch",
        "w": "Gyeongdeok of Silla"
      },
      "expansion": "Coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla",
      "name": "coin"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "och-lat",
        "2": "古資彌凍",
        "tr": "*kɑtsi-mietoŋ"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Old Chinese 古資彌凍 (*kɑtsi-mietoŋ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined by Korean monarch Gyeongdeok of Silla to replace the earlier place name 古自, modern Korean reading 고자 (Goja), with a more Sinitic form while keeping *ko for the first syllable.\nFurther etymology unclear. The place name *Kotsʌ is first given in the third-century Chinese source Records of the Three Kingdoms as Late Old Chinese 古資彌凍 (*kɑtsi-mietoŋ) where *mietoŋ appears to be a suffix. See Gaya language for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Goseong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "固城",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "固城"
      },
      "expansion": "고성 • (Goseong) (hanja 固城)",
      "name": "ko-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "ko:Cities in South Gyeongsang Province",
        "ko:Cities in South Korea",
        "ko:Places in South Gyeongsang Province",
        "ko:Places in South Korea"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Goseong (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Goseong",
          "Goseong#English"
        ],
        [
          "South Gyeongsang",
          "South Gyeongsang#English"
        ],
        [
          "South Korea",
          "South Korea#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈko̞(ː)sʰʌ̹ŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "hangeul": "고(ː)성"
    },
    {
      "other": "[고(ː)성]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Gaya language",
    "Records of the Three Kingdoms"
  ],
  "word": "고성"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 고성 meaning in Korean (11.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.