月

hanja-ety

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅌᅯᇙ〮</i> (Yale: ngwélq)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">월〮</i> (Yale: wél)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄃᆞᆯ〮</i> (Yale: tól)

월요일(月曜日) 월요일#Korean

Hanja form of 월 (“Short for 월요일(月曜日) (woryoil, “Monday”).”).


秋

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">츄ᇢ</i> (Yale: chyùw)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">츄</i> (Yale: chyù)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄀᆞᅀᆞᆯ</i> (Yale: kòzòl)

Hanja form of 추 (“autumn; fall”). [affix]


여성

Sino-Korean word from 女性, from 女 (“female”) + 性 (“sex”)


여자

Sino-Korean word from 女子, from 女 (“female”) + 子 (“offspring”)

ko-etym-Sino

여자친구

여자 세 명이 왔다 갔다.


零

ko-hanja

零 (eumhun 떨어질 령 (tteoreojil ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 떨어질 영 (tteoreojil yeong))


水

hanja-ety

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄉᆔᆼ〯</i> (Yale: syǔy)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">슈〮</i> (Yale: syú)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">믈〮</i> (Yale: múl)

수요일(水曜日) 수요일#Korean

Hanja form of 수 (“Short for 수요일(水曜日) (suyoil, “Wednesday”).”).


千

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">쳔</i> (Yale: chyèn)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">즈〮믄〮</i> (Yale: cúmún)


百

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄇᆡᆨ〮</i> (Yale: póyk)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">온〮</i> (Yale: wón)


十

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">씹〮</i> (Yale: ssíp)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">십〮</i> (Yale: síp)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">열〮</i> (Yale: yél)

Hanja form of 십 (“whole; complete; perfect”).


空

From Middle Chinese 空 (MC khuwng|khuwngH).


八

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">바ᇙ〮</i> (Yale: pálq)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">팔</i> (Yale: phál)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">여듧</i> (Yale: yètùlp)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">팔</i> (Yale: phal)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">여ᄃᆞᆲ</i> (Yale: yetolp)


二

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅀᅵᆼ〮</i> (Yale: zí)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅀᅵ〯</i> (Yale: zǐ)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">두〯</i> (Yale: twǔ)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">이</i> (Yale: i)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">두</i> (Yale: twu)


六

ko-hanja

六 (eumhun 여섯 륙 (yeoseot ryuk), word-initial (South Korea) 여섯 육 (yeoseot yuk))

hanja-ety

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">륙〮</i> (Yale: lyúk)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">여슷〮</i> (Yale: yèsús)


九

lw

s:훈몽자회/雜語#하34A

lang

光州千字文 / 광주천자문

光州千字文 / 광주천자문

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* Recorded as Middle Korean 구ᇢ〯 (Yale: kwǔw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 구 (kwu)^訓 (Yale: kwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 구 (kwu)^訓 (Yale: kwu) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 구 (kwu)^訓 (Yale: kwu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.


九

(archaic) Hanja form of 규 (“to gather; to collect”).


七

lw

s:훈몽자회/雜語#하34A

collapse

* Recorded as Middle Korean 치ᇙ〮 (Yale: chílq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 칠〮 (chíl)^訓 (Yale: chíl) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
* Recorded as Middle Korean 칠 ( chil)^訓 (Yale: chil) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.


一

hanja-ety

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅙᅵᇙ〮</i> (Yale: qílq)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">일〮</i> (Yale: íl)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄒᆞᆫ〮</i> (Yale: hón)


五

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅌᅩᆼ〯</i> (Yale: ngwǒ)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">오〯</i> (Yale: wǒ)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">다ᄉᆞᆺ〮</i> (Yale: tàsós)


三

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">삼</i> (Yale: sàm)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">석〯</i> (Yale: sěk)


四

lw

s:훈몽자회/雜語#하33B

lang

光州千字文 / 광주천자문

光州千字文 / 광주천자문

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* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ〮 (Yale: só) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ ( so)^訓 (Yale: so) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ ( so)^訓 (Yale: so) in Gwangju Cheonjamun (光州千字文 / 광주천자문), 1575.
* Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ ( so)^訓 (Yale: so) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.


한국어

Sino-Korean word from 韓國語, from 韓國 (“Korea”) + 語 (“language”).


冑

ko-hanja

冑 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu)

ju (romanization)
주 (hangeul)
ju (revised)
chu (McCune-Reischauer)

(투구 주, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)


火

hanja-ety

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">황〯</i> (Yale: hwǎ)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">화〯</i> (Yale: hwǎ)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">블〮</i> (Yale: púl)

화요일(火曜日) 화요일#Korean

Hanja form of 화 (“Short for 화요일(火曜日) (hwayoil, “Tuesday”).”).


唄

ko-hanja

唄 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pae, McCune–Reischauer p'ae)

pae (romanization)
패 (hangeul)
pae (revised)
p'ae (McCune-Reischauer)

(Buddhism) The sound of reciting the Buddhist scriptures


圜

圜 • (won, hwan) (hangeul 원, 환, revised won, hwan, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, hwan)

won (romanization)
hwan (romanization)
원 (hangeul)
환 (hangeul)
won (revised)
hwan (revised)
wŏn (McCune-Reischauer)
hwan (McCune-Reischauer)


壘

壘 (eumhun 진 루 (jin ru), word-initial (South Korea) 진 누 (jin nu))

From Middle Chinese 壘 (MC lwijX). Recorded as Middle Korean 류〯 (lyǔ) (Yale: lyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.


日

hanja-ety

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅀᅵᇙ〮</i> (Yale: zílq)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᅀᅵᆯ〮</i> (Yale: zíl)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">날〮</i> (Yale: nál)

Hanja form of 일 (“sun; daytime”). [affix]


土

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">통〯</i> (Yale: thwǒ)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">토〮</i> (Yale: thwó)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄒᆞᆰ</i> (Yale: hòlk)

토요일(土曜日) 토요일#Korean

Hanja form of 토 (“Short for 토요일(土曜日) (toyoil, “Saturday”).”).


屬

hanja-sinjeung

Recorded as Middle Korean 쇽 (syok)^訓 (Yale: syok) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

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* Recorded as Middle Korean 쑉〮 (Yale: ssyók) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">쇽</i> (syok)^訓 (Yale: syok) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Hanja form of 속 (“(biology, taxonomy) a genus”).


宿

Dongguk Jeongun
Twenty-Eight Mansions
ko:신증유합

hanja-sinjeung

Recorded as Middle Korean 슈 (syu)^訓 (Yale: syu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

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* Recorded as Middle Korean 슈ᇢ〮 (Yale: syúw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
* Recorded as Middle Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">슈</i> (syu)^訓 (Yale: syu) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Hanja form of 수 (“(Chinese astronomy) constellation; “mansion” of the zodiac”).

성수

Star Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)


師

From Middle Chinese 師 (MC srij). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

lw

s:훈몽자회/儒學#상34A

hanja-hunmong

Hanja form of 사 (“(military) division; army”).


椎

From Middle Chinese 椎 (MC drwij). Recorded as Middle Korean 퇴 (thwoy) (Yale: thwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.


武

Hanja form of 무 (“martial arts, wushu; to demonstrate military force: strategy, tactics, martial arts”).


本

From Middle Chinese 本 (MC pwonX). Recorded as Middle Korean 본 (pwon) (Yale: pwon) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

본명

heavenly stem and earthly branch of one's birth year

Hanja form of 본 (“(finance) principal”).


木

hanja-ety

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">목〮</i> (Yale: mwók)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">나모</i> (Yale: nàmwò)

목요일(木曜日) 목요일#Korean

Hanja form of 목 (“Short for 목요일(木曜日) (mogyoil, “Thursday”).”).


炎

From Middle Chinese 炎 (MC hjem). Recorded as Middle Korean 염 (yem) (Yale: yem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

hanja-hunmong

Hanja form of 염 (“(medicine) inflammation”).


瞼

From Middle Chinese 瞼 (MC kjemX). Recorded as Middle Korean 검〯 (kěm) (Yale: kem) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

lw

s:훈몽자회/身體#상25A


秭

ko-hanja

秭 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha)

ja (romanization)
자 (hangeul)
ja (revised)
cha (McCune-Reischauer)


甲

Hanja in this term 甲 甲 (canonical)
gap (romanization)
갑 (hangeul)

乙

antonym(s) of “(law) something A, the first party”

From Middle Chinese 甲 (MC kaep). Recorded as Middle Korean 갑〮 (káp) (Yale: kap) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Compare modern Cantonese 甲 (gaap³) and Hakka 甲 (gab⁵).

hanja-hunmong

상기 乙은 본 문서에 명시된 업무와 관련하여 甲에게 근로를 제공한다.

The B (employee) indicated above will provide labour to A (employer) according to the tasks indicated in this document.

sanggi eureun myeongsidoen eommuwa gwallyeonhayeo gabege geulloreul jegonghanda.


葬

Hanja form of 장 (“burial; burial place; burial customs”).


邑

(geography) Hanja form of 읍 (“Town or eup, an administrative division larger and more populous than a "리" (village) but smaller and less populous than a "군" (county) or "시" (city)”).


行

; “movement; going”
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC haeng, “walk; move”).

; “behaviour; conduct”
From Middle Chinese 行 (MC haengH, “behaviour”).

; “line; row”
; “place for specific transaction”

hanja-dongguk

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ (Yale: hhòyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

lw

s:훈몽자회/雜語#하27A

hanja-hunmong

Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ (hoyng) (Yale: hòyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

hanja-sinjeung

Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

lang

註解千字文 / 주해천자문

註解千字文 / 주해천자문

hanja-juhae

Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄒᆡᆼ (Yale: hoyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

hanja-ety

Recorded as Middle Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄒᆡᇰ</i> (hoyng) (Yale: hòyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Recorded as Middle Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄒᆡᆼ</i> (hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Recorded as Early Modern Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko-ear">ᄒᆡᆼ</i> (Yale: hoyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

hanja-dongguk

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᆡᇰ〮 (Yale: hhóyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

lw

s:훈몽자회/雜語#하31A

hanja-hunmong

Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᇰ〯 (hǒyng) (Yale: hǒyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

hanja-sinjeung

Recorded as Middle Korean ᄒᆡᆼ ( hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

lang

註解千字文 / 주해천자문

註解千字文 / 주해천자문

hanja-ety

Recorded as Middle Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄒᆡᇰ〯</i> (hǒyng) (Yale: hǒyng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Recorded as Middle Korean <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">ᄒᆡᆼ</i> ( hoyng) (Yale: hoyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Hanja form of 행 (“(suffix) (transport) bound for”).


金

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">금</i> (Yale: kùm)

<i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">쇠〮</i> (Yale: swóy)

Hanja form of 금 (“gold; amount of money”). [noun]

Hanja form of 금 (“money”). [suffix]
Hanja form of 금 (“money”).

금요일(金曜日) 금요일#Korean

Hanja form of 금 (“Short for 금요일(金曜日) (geumyoil, “Friday”).”).


金

ko-hanja

金 (eumhun 사람의 성(姓) 김 (saram-ui seong gim))

Most likely a borrowing from Early Mandarin 金 (EM *kim) during Mongol rule in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

lang-lite

성씨 김(金)의 한자음 연원을 찾아서

성씨 김(金)의 한자음 연원을 찾아서

Hanja form of 김 (“a surname; used in placenames”).


龠

ko-hanja

龠 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)

yak (romanization)
약 (hangeul)
yak (revised)
yak (McCune-Reischauer)
yak (Yale)


일

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 일〯 (Yale: ǐl), related to Middle Korean 일〯다〮 (Yale: ǐl-tá, “to occur, to arise”).

okm-l

무슨 일이야?

이런 일이 있을 줄은 몰랐다.

I didn't know something like this would happen.

옛날 일을 생각하니 슬프다.

It's sad to think about my old circumstances.

a fact, an event, a situation (any kind of occurrence)

착한 일을 해야지.


일

Sino-Korean word from 一 (“one”). From Middle Korean 일〮 (Yale: íl).

the hanja entry at 一 for Sino-Korean compounds of 일


일

3일 동안 여행하다

day (twenty-four hours, a thirtieth of the month)

일요일(日曜日) 일요일#Korean


일

the hanja entry at 日 for Sino-Korean compounds of 일


PC방

ko-noun

PC방 • (pisibang) (hangeul 피시방, hanja PC房)

pisibang (romanization)
피시방 (hangeul)
PC房 (hanja)


음

Sino-Korean word from 音 (“sound, tone, pitch, pronunciation”)

ko-etym-Sino

the hanja entry at 音 for Sino-Korean compounds of 음


양

Coordinate term: 음(陰) (eum)

(philosophy) yang (the essential male principle in East Asian religion or philosophy)

the hanja entry at 陽 for Sino-Korean compounds of 양


을

Sino-Korean word from 乙; this character is the second of the Heavenly Stems, and is therefore used in contracts and legal documents as the equivalent to "Party B" (i.e. the obligated party).


濠洲

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire)
## (geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


다섯

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 다ᄉᆞᆺ〮 (Yale: tàsós).
Beyond Middle Korean, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "five" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Five.


일곱

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 一急 */ʔiɪt̚ kiɪp̚/. In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 닐굽〮 (Yale: nìlkwúp).
Beyond this, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "seven" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Seven.


넷

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 넿〯 (Yale: něyh). A form similar to the Middle Korean is first attested in the twelfth-century Jilin leishi, which gives the Korean word for "four" as */nai/.
Beyond the Leishi, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "four" is difficult, although Alexander Vovin posits *neki as the direct antecedent (via metathesis) of Middle Korean něyh, on the strength of the Middle Korean form 넉〯 (Yale: něk, “four”, determiner form taken before certain classifiers). See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Four.

okm-inline

Alexander Vovin
Jilin leishi
Middle Chinese

너

neo, determiner before certain words, fossilized

넉

neok, determiner before certain words, fossilized


아홉

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 아홉〮 (Yale: àhwóp).
Beyond Middle Korean, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "nine" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Nine.


여덟

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 여듧〮 (Yale: yètúlp). Also attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean 여ᄃᆞᆲ〮 (Yale: yètólp).
Jeju ᄋᆢᄃᆞᆸ (yawdawp) demonstrates that the immediate pre-fifteenth century form was *ᄋᆢᄃᆞᆲ (*yotolp). The Seoul dialect underlying the Middle Korean corpus had a merger of ᄋᆢ (yo) and 여 (ye) which was still relatively recent by the invention of the alphabet in the 1440s. Beyond this, the ultimate reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "eight" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Eight.


둘

Of native Korean origin, from Middle Korean 둟〯 (twǔlh), from Old Korean 二尸 (*TWUPUl). The precise Old Korean phonological form is given in Jilin leishi.


여섯

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 여슷〮 (Yale: yèsús).
Jeju ᄋᆢᄉᆞᆺ (yawsawt) demonstrates that the immediate pre-fifteenth century form was *ᄋᆢᄉᆞᆺ (*yosos) or *ᄋᆢ슷 (*yosus). The Seoul dialect underlying the Middle Korean corpus had a merger of ᄋᆢ (yo) and 여 (ye) which was still relatively recent by the invention of the alphabet in the 1440s. Beyond this, the ultimate reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "six" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Six.


셋

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 셓〯 (Yale: sěyh). A form similar to the Middle Korean is first attested in the twelfth-century Jilin leishi, which gives the Korean word for "three" as */sai/.
Beyond the Leishi, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "three" is difficult, although Alexander Vovin (Vovin 2010, p. 180) posits Proto-Koreanic *seki as the direct antecedent (via metathesis) of Middle Korean sěyh, on the strength of the Middle Korean form 석〯 (Yale: sěk, “three”, determiner form taken before certain classifiers). See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Three.

okm-inline

(native numeral) three (independently, without a classifier)

서

seo, determiner before certain words, fossilized

석

seok, determiner before certain words, fossilized


셋

(biblical) Seth (the third son of Adam and Eve)


하나

Of native Korean origin, from Middle Korean ᄒᆞ낳 (Yale: hònàh). Sometimes connected to Old Korean 一等 (*HOton), but there is no straightforward correspondence.

하나, 둘, 셋 하면 출발입니다!

하나만 가지고 되겠어?

one (independently, without a classifier)


열

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 엻〮 (Yale: yélh), from earlier Old Korean 十尸 (*YEl).


열

Sino-Korean word from 列, from the Middle Korean reading 렬〮 (Yale: lyél).

the hanja entry at 列 for Sino-Korean compounds of 열

Coordinate term: 오(伍) (o, “rank”)

(military) file; column of troops, one behind the other


눈

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 嫩.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 눈〮 (Yale: nwún).

눈이 좋다

눈을 의식하다

to be self-conscious (literally, “to be aware of others' eyes”)

눈을 끌다

눈을 피하다

to escape public gaze; to avoid eye contact


눈

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 嫩.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 눈〯 (Yale: nwǔn).

눈이 내린다.

눈이 온다.

눈을 쓸다.

눈이 쌓인다.


눈

First attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean 눈〮 (Yale: nwún).

(less common) scale, graduation (on a measuring device)


가

—가 (canonical)
-ga (romanization)
價 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 價 (“price, value”).

ko-etym-sino

the hanja entry at 價 for Sino-Korean compounds of 가


이

Sino-Korean word from 二, from the Middle Korean reading ᅀᅵ〯 (Yale: zǐ), from Middle Chinese 二 (MC nyijH).

the hanja entry at 二 for Sino-Korean compounds of 이


이

Sino-Korean word from 理, from the Middle Korean reading 리〯 (Yale: lǐ), from Middle Chinese 理 (MC liX).

(East Asian philosophy, especially Confucianism) li, the underlying ordering principle of the cosmos

East Asian philosophy; especially Confucianism; East Asian philosophy; especially Confucianism

the hanja entry at 理 for Sino-Korean compounds of 이


이

The Korean reading of the Latin alphabet letter e.

(mathematics) In particular, the Korean reading of the number that is the base of natural logarithms (approximately 2.718281828459), written e.


모래상자

[mo̞ɾɛsʰa̠ŋd͡ʑa̠]

[mo̞ɾe̞sʰa̠ŋd͡ʑa̠]


하나님

From a dialectal pronunciation of 하느님 (haneunim, “God”) which became popularized because of a folk etymology connecting it to 하나 (hana), and thus to the Christian concept of monotheism.

太(태)初(초)에 ^하나님이 天(천)地(지)를 創(창)造(조)하시니라
太 (tae) 初 (cho)-e ^hananim-i 天 (cheon) 地 (ji)-reul 創 (chang) 造 (jo)hasinira

1961, Bible (Korean Revised Version), Changsegi (創世記 / 창세기) (Genesis) 1:1

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

Shahada
^하나님 외에 다른 신은 없습니다. 무함마드는 그분의 사도입니다.
^hananim oe-e dareun sin-eun eopseumnida. ^muhammadeu-neun ^geubun-ui sado-imnida.
There is no god but God. Muhammad is the messenger of God.


발갛다

ko-adj

발갛다 • (balgata) (irregular, infinitive 발개, sequential 발가니)

balgata (romanization)
발개 (infinitive)
발가니 (sequential)
발갛다 (formal indicative non-past)
발개 (indicative informal non-past)
발개요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
발갛습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
발갰다 (formal indicative past)
발갰어 (indicative informal past)
발갰어요 (indicative informal past polite)
발갰습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
발가냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
발개 (informal interrogative non-past)
발개요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
발갛습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
발갰냐 (formal interrogative past)
발갰어 (informal interrogative past)
발갰어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
발갰습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
발갛겠다 (assertive formal)
발갛겠어 (assertive informal)
발갛겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
발갛겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
발개 (causative formal)
발개서 (causative informal)
발가니 (causative informal polite)
발가니까 (causative formal polite)
발갛지만 (contrastive formal)
발간데 (contrastive informal)
발갛더니 (contrastive informal polite)
발갛고 (conjunctive formal)
발가면 (conditional formal)
발개야 (conditional informal)
발감 (formal noun-from-verb)
발갛기 (informal noun-from-verb)
발갰음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
발갰기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
발간 (determiner informal present)
발갈 (determiner future informal)
발가시다 (indicative non-past)
발가셔 (indicative informal non-past)
발가세요 (indicative non-past polite)
발가셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
발가십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
발가셨다 (indicative past)
발가셨어 (indicative informal past)
발가셨어요 (indicative past polite)
발가셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
발가시냐 (interrogative non-past)
발가셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
발가세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
발가셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
발가십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
발가셨냐 (interrogative past)
발가셨어 (informal interrogative past)
발가셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
발가셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
발가시겠다 (assertive)
발가시겠어 (assertive informal)
발가시겠어요 (assertive polite)
발가시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
발가셔 (causative)
발가셔서 (causative informal)
발가시니 (causative polite)
발가시니까 (causative formal)
발가시지만 (contrastive)
발가신데 (contrastive informal)
발가시더니 (contrastive polite)
발가시고 (conjunctive)
발가시면 (conditional)
발가셔야 (conditional informal)
발가심 (noun-from-verb)
발가시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
발가셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
발가셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
발가신 (determiner informal present)
발가실 (determiner future informal)

발갛다:


소리

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 소리〮 (Yale: swòlí). Also appears as Middle Korean 소ᄅᆡ〮 (swòlóy).

ko-etym-native

음악 소리

조는 척하고 있었지만 네가 그 자리에 있는 것처럼 가슴이 뛰었다. 그 고동 소리를 듣고 청년이 내게로 온다면 나는 나도 모르게 잘못했다고 빌 것 같았다.

2017, “경두 [gyeongdu]”, in 첫사랑 [cheotsarang], 문학동네 [munhakdongne], page 83

I was pretending to doze off, but my heart was beating as if you were there. If the young man came to me, having heard that sound of my heart pounding, I would have begged for forgiveness in spite of myself.

Joneun cheok-hago isseotjiman ne-ga geu jari-e inneun geot-cheoreom gaseum-i ttwieotda. Geu godong sori-reul deutgo cheongnyeon-i nae-ge-ro onda-myeon na-neun na-do moreuge jalmot-haetda-go bil geot gatatda.


기역

Coined as 基役 in Hunmongjahoe (訓蒙字會, Introductions of the Letters for Youth), written by Choe Sejin in 1527. Each hanja is used only for showing Korean pronunciation (similar to Japanese ateji, as Sino-Korean 基 has the initial ㄱ in its pronunciation, and 役 has the final ㄱ).

giyeok - the name of the first jamo, ㄱ (g) in hangeul.


친구

Sino-Korean word from 親舊 (“kith and kin”).

ko-etym-sino

재밌는 친구네.

(colloquial, often derogatory) fellow, chap, guy


말

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 말〯 (Yale: mǎl). The rising pitch implies an earlier bisyllabic origin.

ko-etym-native

일본 말을 어디서 배웠어?


말

the hanja entry at 末 for Sino-Korean compounds of 말

Coordinate term: 초(初) (cho, “top (of an inning)”)

9회 말


조선어

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹nʌ̹]

Sino-Korean word from 朝鮮語, from 朝鮮 (“Korea”) + 語 (“language”).

ko-etym-Sino

(North Korea, Yanbian) the Korean language


러시아어

[ɾʌ̹ɕʰia̠ʌ̹]

러시아 (Reosia, “Russia”) + 어(語) (-eo, “language”)


낱말

Of native Korean origin. From 낱 (nat, “unit, piece”) + 말 (mal, “talk, language”).


색

Sino-Korean word from 色 (“colour”), from the Middle Korean reading ᄉᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: sóyk), from Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik).

the hanja entry at 色 for Sino-Korean compounds of 색


설날

[ˈsʰɘ(ː)ɭɭa̠ɭ]

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 섨〯날〮 (Yale: sěl-s-nál).
Compound of 설 (seol, “new year, New Year's Day”) + ㅅ (-s-, genitive infix) + 날 (nal, “day”).

compound

Korean New Year; Lunar New Year celebrated in Korea


이름

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 일홈〮 (Yale: ìlhwóm). Also attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 일훔〮 (Yale: ìlhwúm).
Appears to be unattested verb *잃다〮 (Yale: *ìlh-tá, “to name”) + 옴〮 (Yale: -wóm, gerund-forming suffix) with the gerund undergoing a semantic shift to a full noun; the verb is also found in 일ᄏᆞᆮ다〮 (Yale: ìlh-kòt-tá, “to name”) > Korean 일컫다 (ilkeotda). Beyond Koreanic, Andrew Shimunek identifies the form as borrowed from Khitan [script needed] (*irV), [script needed] (*iri, “name, title”).


넋

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 넋 (Yale: nèks).

(literary, figurative or shamanism) soul; spirit


운

월운(月暈)

(astronomy) halo (a ring around the sun or moon)


칠

Sino-Korean word from 七 (“seven”), from the Middle Korean reading 칠〮 (Yale: chíl), from Middle Chinese 七 (MC tshit).

the hanja entry at 七 for Sino-Korean compounds of 칠


오늘

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 烏捺 (Yale: *wonol), from 온〮 (Yale: wón, “which has come”, adnominal form of "to come") + Proto-Koreanic *hoL (“day”), etymologically "day that has come". Cognate with Jeju 오널 (oneol).
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 오ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: wònól).

ko-etym-native

오늘은 4(사)월 3(삼)일입니다.
oneur-eun 4(sa)wol 3(sam)ir-imnida.
Today is April the third.

오늘 밤에 영화 보러 가는 게 어때?

Let's go to the movies tonight, what do you say?

oneul bam-e yeonghwa boreo ganeun ge eottae?


오늘

오늘 뭐 했어요?


심

Sino-Korean word from 心 (“heart”). Compare Chinese 芯 (xīn, “pith; wick; core”), Japanese 芯(しん) (shin, “pith; wick; core”).

internal object crucial to something functioning:

(medicine) tent (linen roll applied to wounds)


흑

(board games) A black stone used in the game of go.


거세

Sino-Korean word from 去勢, from 去 (“loss”) + 勢 (“power”)


후

Sino-Korean word from 後, from the Middle Korean reading 후〯 (Yale: hwǔ).

먹은 후

2주 후부터요.

the hanja entry at 後 for Sino-Korean compounds of 후


만

Sino-Korean word from 萬 (“ten thousand”).

the hanja entry at 萬 for Sino-Korean compounds of 만


만

the hanja entry at 灣 for Sino-Korean compounds of 만


월

Sino-Korean word from 月 (“moon”), from the Middle Korean reading 월〮 (Yale: wél).

월요일(月曜日) 월요일#Korean


화

Sino-Korean word from 火 (“fire”), from the Middle Korean reading 화〯 (Yale: hwǎ).

the hanja entry at 火 for Sino-Korean compounds of 화

화요일(火曜日) 화요일#Korean

Short for 화요일(火曜日) (hwayoil, “Tuesday”).


석

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 석〯 (Yale: sĕk).

ko-etym-native

석 잔

석 냥

three nyangs (a unit of old Korean coinage.

석 되 ― seok doe ― three does (≒5.4 liters.), Korean unit of measure.

석 섬 ― seok seom ― three seoms (≒540 liters.)

석 자 ― seok ja ― three jas (≒90.9 cm), the Korean foot.

(dated or fossilized) three (before certain classifiers)


석

(onomatopoeia, of paper, etc.) while cutting in one powerful stroke


죽

粥: congee
(eumhun reading: 죽 죽 (juk juk))
(MC reading: 粥 (MC yuwk|tsyuwk))


간장

[ka̠ɲd͡ʑa̠ŋ]

ganjanggongjang gongjangjang-eun ^gang gongjangjang'igo doenjanggongjang gongjangjang-eun ^gong gongjangjang-ida. (ppareunmal)

간장공장 공장장은 강 공장장이고 된장공장 공장장은 공 공장장이다. (빠른말)

The leader of soy sauce factory is Mr. Gang, while the leader of fermented soybean paste factory is Mr. Gong. (tongue-twister)


서

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 서〯 (Yale: sě). Beyond Middle Korean, see Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Three for related forms.

(archaic) three (before certain classifiers)


식도

Sino-Korean word from 食道, from 食 (“food, rice”) + 道 (“way”)


식도

Sino-Korean word from 食刀, from 食 (“eat”) + 刀 (“knife”).


여

Sino-Korean word from 與 (“with; clique”), because it is the side of the executive.

Coordinate term: 여야(與野) (yeoya)

the hanja entry at 與 for Sino-Korean compounds of 여


돈

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 돈〯 (Yale: twǒn).
The etymology beyond Middle Korean is unknown. Native etymologies have been hypothesized, such as an 隱 (*-n) nominalization from 되다 (doeda, “to measure in containers”). Others have speculated a pre-Sino-Korean or nativised Chinese etymon, perhaps from a phrase involving 刀 (OC *taːw, “knife”) such as 刀銀 (OC *taːw ŋrɯn, “knife silver”), Chinese knife money being the first form of coinage in Korea, or alternately from 錢 (OC *ʔslenʔ, *zlen, “money”).
There is a pervasive but spurious folk etymology connecting it to 돌— (dol-, “to spin around, to circulate”), hence "that which is circulated".

金

used to form compounds related with money

그 여자는 돈 많은 영화 배우이다.

Geu yeoja-neun don maneun yeonghwa bae'u-ida.

돈을 안 쓰고 절약하기만 하면 사회에 돈이 안 돌아 혈관에 피가 막히듯이 경제가 죽고 만다.

If you only save money without spending it, the economy will die like stuck blood in your veins.

Don-eul an sseugo jeoryakhagi-man hamyeon sahoe-e don-i an dora hyeolgwan-e pi-ga makhi-deusi gyeongje-ga jukgo manda.

그 반지는 3돈 정도 한다.

(units of measure) a don, a Korean unit of weight equivalent to about 4 g


달

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: tól). Ultimately from Old Korean 月羅理 (Yale: *TOlal-i, where the -i is believed to be the nominative marker).


적

jeok (a Korean meat dish served with skewers)

the hanja entry at 炙 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적


적

the hanja entry at 積 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적


적

Sino-Korean word from 笛. Doublet of 저 (jeo).

the hanja entry at 笛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적


적

Synonym of 적색(赤色) (jeoksaek, “red (colour)”)

the hanja entry at 赤 for Sino-Korean compounds of 적


날

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 날〮 (Yale: nál), presumably from Old Korean 日尸 (*NAlh).

그는 날마다 일하러 간다.

우리 만나기로 한 날이 며칠이지?

When's the day we planned on meeting up?

day (twenty-four hours, a thirtieth of the month)

날이 안 좋다.

weather (mainly with adjectives describing the weather's state)


날

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (Yale: nólh).

warp, the longitudinal threads of woven cloth


날

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆯ (Yale: nòl). Possibly related to Japanese 生 (nama, “raw”), 菜 (na, “greens as a food; side dish”) and 生る (naru, “to bear fruit”).


날

(colloquial) Alternative form of 나를 (nareul, “me”, first-person singular pronoun used as a direct object)


두

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 두〯 (Yale: twǔ).

두 여자가 상자들을 나르고 있다.

Du yeoja-ga sangja-deur-eul nareugo itda.

오늘, 난 그 가게에 두 번 다녀왔어.

Oneul, nan geu gage-e du beon danyeowasseo.

two (as a determiner before a noun or classifier)


육

Sino-Korean word from 六 (“six”), from the Middle Korean reading 륙〮 (Yale: lyúk), from Middle Chinese 六 (MC ljuwk).

the hanja entry at 六 for Sino-Korean compounds of 육


한

새 한 마리가 날아간다.

one (as a determiner numeral before a noun or classifier)


네

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 迺 (Yale: *nay).
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 네〯 (Yale: něy).
Beyond Middle Korean, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "four" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Four.

학생 네 명

비둘기 네 마리

네 개의 그림이 있습니다. ― Ne gae-ui geurim-i itseumnida. ― There are four pictures.


인

실로 나는 울창한 森(삼)林(림) 속을 진종일 헤매고 끝끝내 한 나무의 印(인)象(상)을 훔쳐 오지 못한 幻(환)覺(각)의 人(인)이다.

1937 February, 이상／李箱 (I Sang), “童(동)骸(해)”, in 朝(조)光(광)

Wandering through a thick forest all day, I could not, in the end, recall an image of a single tree; I am indeed a man of hallucinations.

Sil-lo na-neun ulchang-han samnim sog-eul jinjong'il hemaego kkeutkkeunnae han namu-ui insang-eul humcheo oji mothan hwan'gag-ui in-ida.

불란서에는 음악가가 적고, 화가와 조각가가 많다. 그들은 귀의 인이 아니고 눈의 인이다.

1963, 안병욱／安秉煜 (An Byeong-uk), 마음의 窓(창)門(문)을 열고

In France, there are not as many musicians as painters and sculptors. They have better eyes than ears.
(literally, “In France, there are many painters and sculptors and few musicians. They are not a people of the ear but are a people of the eye.”)

Bullanseo-eneun eumakga-ga jeokgo, hwaga-wa jogakga-ga manta. Geudeur-eun gwi-ui in-i anigo nun-ui in-ida.

중국은 과거 수차례 나라가 바뀔 때에도 결국 인(人)을 등한시해 민족적 문제를 야기했다.

2016 February 26, “문화와 문명을 시작하는 중국... 이를 전하는 한국 [munhwawa munmyeong'eul sijakhaneun jungguk... ireul jeonhaneun han'guk]”, in Weekly Today

China has also in the past, throughout its ever-changing dynasties, brought about ethnic conflicts as it ultimately ignored the human [aspect of things].

Junggug-eun gwageo sucharye nara-ga bakkwil ttae-e-do gyeolguk in-eul deunghansi-hae minjokjeok munje-reul yagi-haetda.

(literary, rather uncommon with the exception of archaic Literary Chinese-style Korean; also philosophy) person; people; human, human being

노조가 모두 참여한 오늘 파업 시위로 […] 로테르담은 인의 바다를 이뤘다.
Nojo-ga modu chamyeo-han oneul pa'eop siwi-ro […] ^rotereudam-eun in-ui bada-reul irwotda.

2004 September 21, “유럽 최대 항구 로테르담 총파업, 6만명 시위 참가 [yureop choedae hanggu rotereudam chongpa'eop, 6manmyeong siwi chamga]”, in Voice of the People

With the entire union participating today, [protesters] in Rotterdam formed a “sea of people” at the strike demonstration.

Used in certain proverbs, set phrases, or expressions

자연인(自然人) 자연인#Korean

(law) a person (encompassing both 법인(法人) (beobin, “legal persons”) and 자연인(自然人) (jayeonin, “natural persons”))


인

Sino-Korean word from 燐, an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 燐(りん) (rin).

the hanja entry at 燐 for Sino-Korean compounds of 인


인

the hanja entry at 仁 for Sino-Korean compounds of 인

(Confucianism, philosophy) ren: benevolence (the fundamental virtue of Confucianism)


인

(Buddhism) Synonym of 인상(印相) (insang, “mudra”)


인

Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides#Translingual

(southwestern Gyeongsang) giant roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides)


부모

Sino-Korean word from 父母, largely displacing native 어버이 (eobeoi).

부모님은 어디 계세요?


젓가락

[t͡ɕʌ̹t̚k͈a̠ɾa̠k̚]

[t͡ɕʌ̹k͈a̠ɾa̠k̚]

From 저(箸) (jeo, “chopstick”) + ㅅ (-s-) + 가락 (garak, “rod”). First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean 졋가락 (Yale: cyeskalak).
Despite the matching hanja, the 저 (jeo) element is not Sino-Korean; see entry for details.

ko-etym-native

국수 한 젓가락

mouthful (a unit used to count the amount of food that one can pick up with chopsticks)


딸

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 寶妲 (Yale: *pòtól), probably a compound of an ancient root for "daughter" *pòt- + suffix *-ól; compare Jilin leishi 丫妲 (Yale: *àtól, “son”), apparently equivalent to *à(N)t- + *-ól.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄯᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: stól). The */p-/ > /s-/ shift is difficult to explain; perhaps it simply "represents an irregular development", or perhaps the expected cluster */pt-/ had already fully merged and was realized in speech only as [t͈-], which was misanalyzed as the surface realization of the cluster /st-/.
Choi Yeong-Seon believes that the character 寶 in 寶妲 is a corrupted spelling of 實 (Late Middle Chinese */ʑiɪt̚/), and that the true Late Old Korean lexeme should be *sùtól or a similar form. If this is true, the Middle Korean reflex ᄯᆞᆯ〮 (stól) would be entirely regular, requiring only the elision of a minimal vowel.

ruby

􂀿鷄􂁀(계)􂀿林􂁀(림)􂀿類􂁀(유)􂀿事􂁀(사)」

鷄(계)林(림)類(유)事(사)」

lang

「鷄(계)林(림)類(유)事(사)」의 여성 명칭어 연구

lang

계림유사의 음운론적 연구

계림유사의 음운론적 연구

Coordinate term: 아들 (adeul, “son”)

딸을 시집보내다

딸이 미혼모가 된다니 체면이 서지 않게 되었다.

It is a disgrace that our daughter should be an unmarried mother.

Ttar-i mihonmo-ga doendani chemyeon-i seoji anke doeeotda.

그녀는 결혼하여 아들 셋에 딸을 하나 낳았습니다.

She married and had three sons and one daughter.

Geunyeo-neun gyeolhon-hayeo adeul ses-e ttar-eul hana naatseumnida.


딸

딸을 치다

Short for 딸딸이 (ttalttari, “(slang) masturbation; jerking off”).


해군

Sino-Korean word from 海軍, from 海 (“sea, ocean”) + 軍 (“military”).


불가사리

legendary quadrupedal monster that eats iron


예

Sino-Korean word from 禮 (“ritual, etiquette”), from the Middle Korean reading 례〮 (Yale: lyéy), 녜 (Yale: nyey).

(especially Confucianism) decorum, ceremonial (code of decorous behavior that all people ought to follow)

the hanja entry at 禮 for Sino-Korean compounds of 예


아라비아인

아라비아 (Arabia, “Arabia”) + 인(人) (-in, “person”).


수

Sino-Korean word from 手 (“hand, way”), from the Middle Korean reading 슈〮 (Yale: syú). However, the dependent noun is usually not written in hanja.
The word somewhat displaced the native dependent noun 줄 (jul, “fact, ability”).

한 수만 더 두면 외통수다.

최소한 영어는 내가 걔보단 한 수 위야.

At the very least, my skill in English is a notch better than hers.

Choesohan yeong'eo-neun nae-ga gyaebodan han su wi-ya.

(originally board games, also figurative) ability, talent, skill


수

Sino-Korean word from 受 (“accept”), from the Middle Korean reading 슈 (Yale: syù).
The sense of "bottom" is orthographic borrowing from Japanese 受け (uke).

obor

the hanja entry at 受 for Sino-Korean compounds of 수

(Buddhism, philosophy) vedanā (sensation in Buddhist philosophy)


수

(formal, academic) the Sui, a short-lived Chinese dynasty

the hanja entry at 隋 for Sino-Korean compounds of 수


신

Short for 신장(腎臟) (sinjang, “(anatomy) kidney”).

the hanja entry at 腎 for Sino-Korean compounds of 신


사

the hanja entry at 死 for Sino-Korean compounds of 사


주

Clipping of 천주 ("God"), from Sino-Tibetan 天主.


성

Sino-Korean word from 性, from the Middle Korean reading 셔ᇰ〯 (Yale: syěng).
; “-ity, -ness”


성

Sino-Korean word from 聖, from the Middle Korean reading 셔ᇰ〯 (Yale: syěng).

성 베드로 ― seong ^bedeuro ― Saint Peter


성

—성 (canonical)
-seong (romanization)
星 (hanja)

시리우스성

the hanja entry at 星 for Sino-Korean compounds of 성


태권도

→ English: taekwondo

desc

تَايْكُونْدُو

→ Arabic: تَايْكُونْدُو m (tāykūndū)

→ Arabic: تَايْكُونْدُو m (tāykūndū)

→ Chinese: 跆拳道 (táiquándào)

→ Finnish: taekwondo

→ French: taekwondo m

→ German: Taekwondo n

→ Greek: τάεκβοντο n (táekvonto)

→ Italian: taekwondo

→ Japanese: 跆拳道(テコンドー) (tekondō)

→ Kazakh: таеквондо (taekvondo)

→ Latvian: tekvondo

→ Persian: تکواندو (tekvândo)

→ Polish: taekwondo n

→ Portuguese: tae kwon do m

→ Russian: тхэквондо́ n (txɛkvondó)

→ Spanish: taekwondo m

→ Thai: เทควันโด (tee-kwan-dôo)

→ Turkish: tekvando

→ Vietnamese: đài quyền đạo

Sino-Korean word from 태권(跆拳) (taegwon, “foot and fist; trampling and punching”) + 道 (“way”). Coined by Korean martial artist Choi Hong Hi in 1955, influenced by the name of the unrelated martial art of 택견 (taekgyeon).


삼월

Sino-Korean word from 三月, from 三 (“three”) + 月 (“month”)


맥

the hanja entry at 脈 for Sino-Korean compounds of 맥

(by extension, board games) strategically crucial area of the board

something resembling a blood vessel-like network:


맥

맥용 ― ^maeg-yong ― for Macs


한글

ko-noun

한글 • (han'geul) (usually no hanja; sometimes 韓㐎)

han'geul (romanization)
no hanja (usually)
韓㐎 (sometimes)

Uncertain; first recorded in the Han'geulmo jukbogi (한글모죽보기), 1907 to 1913, as 한글모 (han'geulmo). The hanja spelling of 韓㐎 is an example of eumyeokja (음역자).

한글을 바르게 사용합시다.

이 글은 한글이 영어보다 어순 배치가 자유로운 강점이 있다는 내용인데요.

2020, “'한글이 영어보다 위대한 이유' 꾸준글 사실일까? [han'geuri yeong'eoboda widaehan iyu kkujun'geul sasirilkka?]”, in SBS TV

this piece of writing is about how the flexibility of Korean word order compared to English is a point in its favor

I geur-eun han'geur-i yeong'eo-boda eosun baechi-ga jayu-roun gangjeom-i itdaneun naeyong-indeyo.

BTS의 노래를 한글로 따라 부르고 싶고[…]
Bitiesseu-ui norae-reul han'geul-lo ttara bureugo sipgo[…]

2021, “KBS 다큐온, BTS 한글 댓글 한류 '한국어 하세요?' 외국어로서의 한국어 매력 분석 [KBS dakyuon, BTS han'geul daetgeul hallyu han'gugeo haseyo? oegugeoroseoui han'gugeo maeryeok bunseok]”, in Korea Lecturer News

they want to sing along to BTS's songs in Korean […]


돌

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 돓〯 (Yale: twǒlh). In turn, from an earlier *tworVk on the basis that an placename element 石 alternates with 珍惡 (MC trin 'ak; OC *trə[n] ʔˤak) in the Samguk Sagi. The final velar plosive is also preserved in some Korean dialects .

ko-etym-native

Clipping of 바둑돌 (badukdol, “(go) Go stone”).


손

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 손 (Yale: swòn).


길

From Early Modern Korean 긿 (kilh), from Middle Korean 긿〮 (kílh), probably ultimately from Old Korean 道尸 (*KIl). The Middle Korean /-h/ may be the remnant of an ancient place-related suffix; see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 긿〮 (Yale: kílh).

그는 길을 잃고 숲속을 헤맸다.
Geu-neun gir-eul ilko supsog-eul hemaetda.
He got lost and wandered about the woods.

literally, “He lost his way and wandered about the woods.”

Doraoneun gir-e jamkkan deulleosseo.

돌아오는 길에 잠깐 들렀어. (casual)

a way, (on) the way; a route/course (e.g. an airway or sea route)


길

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 질〮 (Yale: cíl).
Was subject to hypercorrection by Seoul speakers to avoid the /ki/ > /t͡ɕi/ palatalization in southern dialects, producing Early Modern Korean 길 (kil); 김치 (gimchi) and 기와 (giwa) are two other well-known examples of this phenomenon. Non-standard dialects commonly preserve the original form.

갓 산 새 신발이라 아직 길이 안 들었다.
Gat san sae sinbar-ira ajik gir-i an deureotda.
Having just bought these shoes, they haven't been broken in yet.

literally, “Having just bought these shoes, breaking in hasn't entered them yet.”


길

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 길〯 (Yale: kǐl), related to 길〯다〮 (Yale: kǐl-tá, “to be long”).

a gil, a traditional Korean unit of measurement

the gil, a traditional Korean unit of length equal to 8 or 10 Korean foot (자 (ja)), equivalent to approximately 2.4 m and 3 m respectively

the gil, a traditional Korean unit of length equal to the height of a person; a fathom


길

두루마기 두루마기#Korean

(clothing) the gil, the large body section of the upper garment in traditional clothing such as the 저고리 (jeogori) or 두루마기 (durumagi)


천

Sino-Korean word from 千 (“thousand”), from the Middle Korean reading 쳔 (Yale: chyèn), from Middle Chinese 千 (MC tshen).

the hanja entry at 千 for Sino-Korean compounds of 천


천

Sino-Korean word from 天 (“sky, heaven”), from the Middle Korean reading 텬 (Yale: thyèn), from Middle Chinese 天 (MC then).

the hanja entry at 天 for Sino-Korean compounds of 천

(Buddhism) the upper heavenly world over the earthly human world where the heavenly king and heavenly people are supposed to live.


비

Sino-Korean word from 碑, from the Middle Korean reading 비 (Yale: pì).

the hanja entry at 碑 for Sino-Korean compounds of 비


무

From earlier 무우 (muu) (unstandardized in South Korea in 1988), from Middle Korean 무ᅀᅮ (Yale: mwùzwù), connective form before suffixes 무ᇫㅇ (Yale: mwùzG-), from pre-Middle Korean *mwusuk. Dialects commonly preserve the medial /-s-/.

썰무

radish historically sold by wandering salesman

왜(倭)무

new breed of radish introduced around 1900

Korean radish, a variety of daikon commonly consumed in Korea (both the plant and its edible root)


무

Sino-Korean word from 無 (“nothing, not being”), from the Middle Korean reading 무 (Yale: mwù).

ko-etym-sino

개가 불성이 있습니까? — 무!

(Buddhism) Given in response to a koan or a question that mistakenly assumes an affirmative or negative answer.


무

Sino-Korean word from 武, from the Middle Korean reading 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).

文(문)ᄒᆞ고 武(무)ᄒᆞᆫ 吉(길)甫(보)ㅣ여 萬(만)邦(방)이 법을 삼놋다

1613, 시경언해/詩經諺解 [Korean translation of the Classic of Poetry]

O Jifu, who mastered the arts of peace and the arts of war! The myriad realms make you as their law.

mun-hago mu-han Gilbo-iyeo manbang-i beob-eul samnotda

신이 젼하ᄅᆞᆯ 밧드러 만셰ᄅᆞᆯ 뫼올가 ᄒᆞ오나, 쳔비쇼ᄉᆡᆼ이라 문으로 옥당의 막히옵고 무로 션천의 막일지라[…]
sin-i jeonha-reul batdeureo mansye-reul moe'olga haona, cheonbisyosaeng-ira mun-euro okdang-ui makhiopgo mu-ro syeoncheon-ui magiljira[…]

early 18th century, 홍길동전 경판본/洪吉童傳 京板本 [Seoul edition of the Tale of Hong Gildong]

Though I would like to serve Your Majesty and be at your side for a myriad generations, I am the child of a lowly slave-woman. With regards to the civil arts, the halls of jade [i.e. civil service] are blocked to me; as for the military path, the Office of Transmission [post of military officers in the Korean army] is blocked to me.

진실노 武(무)를 論(논)하고 兵(병)을 說(설)하는 者(자)를 時(시)代(대)의 錯(착)誤(오)者(자)로 하야 이를 呪(주)咀(저)하게 되얏다.

1920, “戰(전)爭(쟁)은 罪(죄)惡(악)뿐 余(여)의 縱(종)橫(횡)觀(관) [War is naught but evil: my wide-ranging thoughts]”, in The Dong-a Ilbo

Truly, people have come to curse those who discuss military affairs and speak of armies, considering them as men who have misread the era.

Jinsil-lo mu-reul non-hago byeong-eul seol-haneun ja-reul sidae-ui chagoja-ro haya i-reul jujeo-hage doeyatda.

국가 차원에서는 강병(强兵)이 없었고 개인 차원에서는 무(武)를 천시한 결과라는 것이다.

2019, “조선이 명을 섬길 때 일본은 세계를 만났다 [joseoni myeong'eul seomgil ttae ilboneun segyereul mannatda, When Korea served Ming China, Japan encountered the world]”, in The Chosun Ilbo

That is, [defeat] was the result of not having high-quality troops from a state perspective, and neglecting martial virtues from an individual perspective.

Gukga chawon-eseo-neun gangbyeong-i eopseotgo gaein chawon-eseo-neun mureul cheonsi-han gyeolgwa-raneun geos-ida.

(especially historical) martial ethos; the military arts; everything to do with warfare or (by extension) martial arts, especially as a concept in East Asian political theory

the hanja entry at 武 for Sino-Korean compounds of 무


무

Sino-Korean word from 巫, from the Middle Korean reading 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).

the hanja entry at 巫 for Sino-Korean compounds of 무

(formal, uncommon) shaman; priest of Korean shamanism


무

gusset (especially in traditional clothing)


사람

Inherited from Middle Korean 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (sǎlòm), first attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446.
From earlier Old Korean 人音 (*SALOm), first attested in the “Suhui gongdeokga” (隨喜功德歌 / 수희공덕가), before 973. The word is also attested as Old Korean 人米 in the same source.
The Middle Korean form, 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (Yale: sǎlòm), is analyzed as a derived substantive of 살〯다〮 (Yale: sǎl-tá, “to live”) with ᄋᆞᆷ (Yale: -om, nominalizer) (> modern 음 (eum)), and thus literally meant "one who is alive". It is no longer perceived as a derived noun by modern speakers. Doublet of 삶 (sam).
Cognate with Jeju 사름 (sareum).

ko-attest

그러면 내가 어떤 사람이 되는 거겠어?

Geureomyeon nae-ga eotteon saram-i doeneun geo-gess-eo?

미국 사람

한국 사람

(law) a person (encompassing both legal and natural persons)


Indicating the lengthening of a pronunciation.


스타‐린氏
Seutārin-ssi
Stalin
compare Japanese スターリン (Sutārin)

Keuriseumasseu ssīr-eun gyeolhaek yebang undong-ui eoksen ssimbol
Kurisumasu shīru wa kekkaku yobō undō no chikarazuyoki shinboru
Christmas seals are a strong symbol of the tuberculosis prevention movement
compare Japanese シール (shīru)

크리스마쓰(クリスマス)씨‐ㄹ(シール)은(は)結核豫防運動의(の)억센(力強き)씸볼(シンボル)

三養라‐면
스‐프添付
Samyang rāmyeon
Se͞upeu cheombu
Samyang ramyon
Soup included
compare Japanese ラーメン (rāmen), Japanese スープ (sūpu)

마‐크 더불유 클라크
Mākeu Deoburyu Keullakeu
Mark W. Clark
compare Japanese マーク (Māku)


발음

Sino-Korean word from 發音, from 發 (“to emit”) + 音 (“sound”).


빵

Borrowed from Japanese パン (pan, “bread”), from Portuguese pão (“bread”). Compare French pain.


도서관

Sino-Korean word from 圖書館, from 圖書 (“books”) + 館 (“building”).


比丘

Hanja form of 비구 (“(Buddhism) bhikkhu”).


남자

Sino-Korean word from 男子, from 男 (“male”) + 子 (“offspring”)

이 남자들은 미국인입니까, 아니면 독일인입니까? 독일인입니다.

Are these men American or German? - They are German.

i namjadeureun miguginimnikka, animyeon dogirinimnikka? - dogirinimnida.


염소

Sino-Korean word from 鹽素, from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鹽(えん)素(そ) (enso).


우산

Sino-Korean word from 雨傘, from 雨 (“rain”) + 傘 (“umbrella”), from the Middle Korean reading 우〯산〮 (Yale: wǔsán).


도서

Sino-Korean word from 圖書. Doublet of 투서 (tuseo).


은

the hanja entry at 銀 for Sino-Korean compounds of 은


위키낱말사전

위키 (wiki, “wiki”) + 낱말 (nanmal, “word”) + 사전(辭典) (sajeon, “dictionary”).


AV

From Japanese AV (AV) (アダルトビデオ), from English adult+video.

(pornography) adult video, video pornography


인형

Sino-Korean word from 人形, from 人 (“human”) + 形 (“form”)

ko-etym-Sino

곰 인형


자동차

ko-noun

자동차 • (jadongcha) (counter 대(臺), hanja 自動車)

jadongcha (romanization)
대 (counter)
自動車 (hanja)

[t͡ɕa̠do̞ŋt͡ɕʰa̠]

자동차 전용 판매 창구 앞에서요.

Jadongcha jeonyong panmae changgu apeseo-yo.


신문

Sino-Korean word from 新聞, from 新 (“new”) + 聞 (“to hear”), from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 新聞 (shinbun).

ko-etym-Sino

신문 가판대

신문에 흥미로운 기사가 났다.

In the newspaper, an interesting article appeared.


책

chaek (romanization)
권 (counter)
冊 (hanja)

책을 읽다

the hanja entry at 冊 for Sino-Korean compounds of 책


설렁탕

[sʰʌ̹ɭɭʌ̹ŋtʰa̠ŋ]

Uncertain. A popular theory suggests that this word is a corruption of 선농탕 (先農湯, seonnongtang, “soup of the venerated farmer”), named after the Joseon-era annual harvest ritual held at 선농단 (先農壇, seonnongdan) after which the soup was supposedly eaten. However, it is difficult to find such mentions in historical sources of the era.
Another theory suggests that this word is instead a corruption of 설농탕 (雪濃湯, seollongtang, “snow concentrated soup”), coined from the soup's color and flavor.
Yet another theory suggests that this word is from *설렁 (*seolleong) + 탕 (湯, tang, “soup”), wherein the first component is a borrowing from Middle Mongol ᠱᠥᠯᠥᠨ (šölön, “soup”). However, the phonological correspondence is somewhat dubious. See also 수라 (sura, “meal served to the king”), proposed to come from the same Middle Mongol root.
A folk etymology suggests this word is from 설렁 (seolleong, “(ideophone) leisurely”) + 탕 (tang, “soup”), describing how the soup is prepared. However, the semantic connection is dubious.

com

seolleongtang, a soup made from ox or beef bones, meat, and other seasonings


우유

Sino-Korean word from 牛乳, from 牛 (“cow”) + 乳 (“milk”)

ko-etym-sino

우유 한 잔


세르비아어

[sʰe̞ɾɯbia̠ʌ̹]

세르비아 (sereubia, “Serbia”) + 어(語) (-eo, “language”).


조선글

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹nɡɯɭ]

조선(朝鮮) (Joseon, “Korea”) + 글 (geul, “writing”).

compound

(North Korea) Hangeul; the Korean alphabet


부엌

From Middle Korean 브ᅀᅥᆸ (Yale: pùzèp), 브ᅀᅥᆨ (Yale: pùzèk), from 블 (Yale: pul, “fire”) + 섭 (Yale: sep, “side”) (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 141–142).
First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 브ᅀᅥᆸ (Yale: pùzèp). Compare Jeju 부섭 (buseop, “furnace”) and Gyeongsang Korean 부섴 (buseok, “furnace; kitchen”).


저

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 折.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 져〮 (Yale: cyé). The hanja form is from a conflation with 箸 (jeo, “chopsticks”), which happens to be a perfect—albeit etymologically unrelated—semantic and phonetic match. The spelling is unetymological as the two were not historically the same: the character was read as 뎌〯 (tyě) in Middle Korean, whereas the word was 져〮 (cyé) in Middle Korean. Also compare dialectal 절 (jeol).


저

the hanja entry at 底 for Sino-Korean compounds of 저


저

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 뎧 (Yale: tyèh).
Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 적 (笛, jeok), of which this is a doublet. Displaced by Korean 피리 (piri), a borrowing from Early Mandarin.


목

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 목 (Yale: mwòk).


목

the hanja entry at 目 for Sino-Korean compounds of 목


목

목요일(木曜日) 목요일#Korean

Short for 목요일(木曜日) (mogyoil, “Thursday”).

the hanja entry at 木 for Sino-Korean compounds of 목


매일

Sino-Korean word from 每日, from 每 (“every”) + 日 (“day”).

ko-etym-sino

저는 매일 티비를 봐요.


금요일

Sino-Korean word from 金曜日, from 金曜 (“Venus”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Veneris (“day of Venus”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit भॄगुवार (bhṝguvāra, “of the planet Venus”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 金曜日.


군인

Sino-Korean word from 軍人, from 軍 (“army”) + 人 (“person”)


화요일

Sino-Korean word from 火曜日, from 火曜 (“Mars”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Martis (“day of Mars”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit मङ्गलवार (maṅgalavāra, “of the planet Mars”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 火曜日.


전

—전 (canonical)
-jeon (romanization)
傳 (hanja)

홍길동전 (洪吉童傳) ― honggildongjeon (洪吉童 傳 ) ― The Biography of Hong Gildong

the hanja entry at 傳 for Sino-Korean compounds of 전


전국

[t͡ɕʌ̹nɡuk̚]

(history) Warring States period in Chinese history


가감

Sino-Korean word from 加減, from 加 (“add”) + 減 (“subtract”)


개미

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 개야미〮 (Yale: kàyyàmí).


의자

Sino-Korean word from 椅子 (“chair”), an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 椅子 (isu, “chair”). Displaced traditional Sino-Korean 교의 (交椅, gyoui).

obor

의자에 앉으십시오.


국어

Sino-Korean word from 國語, from 國 (“country”) + 語 (“language”)

ko-etym-Sino

국어사전

dictionary of the national language; Korean dictionary

(in Korea, specifically) the Korean language

(in China) Guoyu (name of Chinese Mandarin (language) in Taiwan)


고기

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 姑記 (Yale: *kwoki), which already defines it as meaning both 肉 (“meat”) and 魚／鱼 (yú, “fish”). In the Hangul script, first attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí). See also Jeju 궤기 (gwegi).

ko-etym-native

저는 고기를 못 먹습니다.

meat; flesh [from at least 1103]
meat; flesh

연못에 노니는 고기들

fish (animal) [from at least 1103]
fish (animal)


고기

Sino-Korean word from 古 (“ancient”) + 記 (“chronicle, statement”).

ko-etym-Sino

a historical record; an ancient document


너

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 너〯 (Yale: ně). Compare 넷 (net, “four”).

ko-etym-native

(dated or fossilized) four (before certain classifiers)


언제

[ˈɘ(ː)ɲd͡ʑe̞]

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 언제 (Yale: encey). From 어느 (enu, “what”) + 적 (cek, “time”) + 의 (-uy, “at”), literally "at what time".
In Middle Korean the word was strictly a question word; the indefinite meaning developed in the eighteenth century.

언제 한번 만나 소주 한 잔 합시다.

Let's get together and have a glass of soju some time.

Eonje hanbeon manna soju han jan hapsida.

할머니 댁은 언제 가도 마음이 편하다.

Any time (whenever) I go to my grandmother's I feel comfortable.

Halmeoni daeg-eun eonje gado ma'eum-i pyeonhada.


나라

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 나랗〮 (Yale: nàláh), from Old Korean 國惡 (*NALak). Compare Yukjin dialect 나랑 (narang), which preserves the velar nature of the coda consonant.
Beyond Koreanic, the word is usually connected to Proto-Tungusic *nā (“land”), and hence Manchu ᠨᠠ (na, “land”) and Nanai на (na, “land”), with *lak~*lah being a suffix. Also cf. -tah in Middle Korean ᄯᅡᇂ (stah, “ground, land”) > Korean 땅 (ttang, “ibid.”) and -lk in Middle Korean ᄒᆞᆰ (holk, “earth, soil”) > Korean 흙 (heuk, “ibid.”).

m+

건륭제는 청나라의 황제였다.

Qianlong emperor was an emperor of the Qing dynasty.


장

Sino-Korean word from 場, from the Middle Korean reading 댜ᇰ (Yale: tyàng).


장

Sino-Korean word from 腸, from the Middle Korean reading 댜ᇰ (Yale: tyàng).

the hanja entry at 腸 for Sino-Korean compounds of 장


소

the hanja entry at 小 for Sino-Korean compounds of 소


좆

First attested in the Magyeong chojip eonhae (馬經抄集諺解 / 마경초집언해), 16th century, as Early Modern Korean 졷 (Yale: cwot). Probably cognate to Manchu ᠴᠣᠴᠣ (coco, “penis”).


바지

→ Japanese: ぱっち

→ Japanese: ばっち

First attested in the Sinjeung yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576, as Middle Korean 바디 (Yale: pati).

pants, trousers
바지를 입다
baji-reul ipda
to wear (to put on) trousers.


다

다 is the third syllable in the conventional ordering of Hangul, just as C is the third letter of the Roman alphabet.


나누다

ko-verb

나누다 • (nanuda) (infinitive 나누어 or 나눠, sequential 나누니)

nanuda (romanization)
나누어 (infinitive)
나눠 (infinitive)
나누니 (sequential)
나눈다 (formal indicative non-past)
나누어 (indicative informal non-past)
나누어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나눠요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나눕니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
나누었다 (formal indicative past)
나누었어 (indicative informal past)
나누었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
나누었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나누느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
나누어 (informal interrogative non-past)
나누어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나눠요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나눕니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
나누었느냐 (formal interrogative past)
나누었어 (informal interrogative past)
나누었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
나누었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
나누자 (formal hortative)
나누어 (hortative informal)
나누어요 (hortative informal polite)
나눠요 (hortative informal polite)
나누십시다 (formal hortative polite)
나누어라 (formal imperative)
나눠라 (formal imperative)
나누어 (imperative informal)
나누어요 (imperative informal polite)
나눠요 (imperative informal polite)
나눕시오 (formal imperative polite)
나누겠다 (assertive formal)
나누겠어 (assertive informal)
나누겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
나누겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
나누어 (causative formal)
나누어서 (causative informal)
나눠서 (causative informal)
나누니 (causative informal polite)
나누니까 (causative formal polite)
나누지만 (contrastive formal)
나누는데 (contrastive informal)
나누더니 (contrastive informal polite)
나누고 (conjunctive formal)
나누면 (conditional formal)
나누어야 (conditional informal)
나눠야 (conditional informal)
나누려고 (formal motive-form)
나눔 (formal noun-from-verb)
나누기 (informal noun-from-verb)
나누었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나눴음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나누었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나눴기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나눈 (determiner formal past)
나누는 (determiner formal present)
나눌 (determiner formal future)
나누신다 (formal indicative non-past)
나누셔 (indicative informal non-past)
나누세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나누셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
나누십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
나누셨다 (formal indicative past)
나누셨어 (indicative informal past)
나누셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
나누셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
나누시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
나누셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
나누세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나누셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
나누십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
나누셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
나누셨어 (informal interrogative past)
나누셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
나누셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
나누시라 (formal imperative)
나누셔 (imperative informal)
나누세요 (imperative informal polite)
나누십시오 (formal imperative polite)
나누시겠다 (assertive formal)
나누시겠어 (assertive informal)
나누시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
나누시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
나누셔 (causative formal)
나누셔서 (causative informal)
나누시니 (causative informal polite)
나누시니까 (causative formal polite)
나누시지만 (contrastive formal)
나누시는데 (contrastive informal)
나누시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
나누시고 (conjunctive formal)
나누시면 (conditional formal)
나누셔야 (conditional informal)
나누시려고 (formal motive-form)
나누심 (formal noun-from-verb)
나누시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
나누셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
나누셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
나누신 (determiner formal past)
나누시는 (determiner formal present)
나누실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆫ호〮다〮 (Yale: nònhwó-tá).


누나

→ English: noona, nuna

→ Japanese: ヌナ (nuna)

→ Mandarin: 怒那 (nùnà), 努那 (nǔnà)

Contracted from 누이 (nu'i, “sister of a male”) + 님 (-nim, honorific) + 아 (-a, “hey”, vocative particle), ultimately from pre-Middle Korean */nup/ "sister" or similar; see 누이 (nu'i) for more. The phonologically conservative Gyeongsang and Yukjin dialects conserve the original /p~b/ in this word.
Korean colloquial family terms commonly stem from a fused vocative. See :Category:Korean terms suffixed with -아 (vocative).

suffix

그 누나랑 나랑 나이 차이가 두 살이지?

The age difference between her and me is two years, right?

Geu nuna-rang na-rang nai chai-ga du sar-iji?

그 누나가 나한테 너무 잘 해 줬어.

Geu nuna-ga na-hante neomu jal hae jwosseo.

(men's speech, in informal friendly settings) somewhat older female friend or acquaintance


유

Sino-Korean word from 類, from the Middle Korean reading 류 (Yale: lyu).

the hanja entry at 類 for Sino-Korean compounds of 유


겁

Sino-Korean word from 劫 (“kalpa”), Chinese transcription of Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa).

(Buddhism) kalpa (a period of 4.32 billion years; used more figuratively to refer to any very long period of time)


보조개

[po̞d͡ʑo̞ɡɛ]

볼 (bol, “cheek”) + 조개 (jogae, “bivalve”).

com

웃으면 보조개가 진다.


삼촌

Sino-Korean word from 三 (“three”) + 寸 (“degrees of kinship”). A degree of kinship is the relationship between a parent and a child, so an uncle is three degrees of kinship away from the speaker (speaker to parent, parent to grandparent, grandparent to uncle).


바구니

First attested in the Eoje naehun, (御製內訓 / 어제내훈), 1475 , as Middle Korean 바고니〮 (Yale: pàkwòní). The first element is probably related to Japanese 箱 (hako), from Old Japanese pako; the final -니 element appears to be some kind of suffix related to bags or containers, also appearing in 가마니 (gamani, “sack made of straw”).


수요일

Sino-Korean word from 水曜日, from 水曜 (“Mercury”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Mercurii (“day of Mercury”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit सौम्यवार (saumyavāra, “of the planet Mercury”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 水曜日.

der

2016, VOA Learning English > Trending Today: Puppy Bowl
수요일에, ^애니멀 플래닛은 2016년 ^퍼피볼의 선발 선수 명단을 발표했습니다.
Suyoire, ^aenimeol peullaenis-eun icheonsimnyungnyeon ^peopibor-ui seonbal seonsu myeongdan-eul balpyohaetseumnida.
On Wednesday, Animal Planet announced the starting lineup for the 2016 Puppy Bowl.


월요일

Sino-Korean word from 月曜日, from 月曜 (“moon”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies lunae (“moon's day”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit सोमाह (somāha, “of the moon”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 月曜日.


토요일

Sino-Korean word from 土曜日, from 土曜 (“Saturn”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Saturni (“day of Saturn”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as Sanskrit शनिवार (śanivāra, “of the planet Saturn”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 土曜日.


목요일

Sino-Korean word from 木曜日, from 木曜 (“Jupiter”) + 日 (“day”), from Latin dies Jovis (“day of Jupiter”), through Indian astrology in the fifth century as बॄहस्पतिवार (bṝhaspativāra, “of the planet Jupiter”) into Buddhist astrology in the eighth century as 木曜日.

ko-etym-Sino

다음 주 목요일에 봐.


여권

Sino-Korean word from 與圈, with compound/genitive tensing applied.

ko-etym-sino

(politics) (the sphere of) the ruling party


코끼리

By surface analysis, 코 (ko, “nose”) + ㅅ (-s-) + 길— (gil-, “long”) + 이 (-i, “-er”, noun-deriving suffix), literally “long-noser”. First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 고〮키리〮 (Yale: kwókhìlí).


불어

Sino-Korean word from 佛語, from 佛 (“France”) + 語 (“language”).

ko-etym-sino

^불어 사전 ― ^bureo sajeon ― a French dictionary


독일어

Sino-Korean word from 獨逸 (“Germany”) + 語 (“language”).


영어

Sino-Korean word from 英語, from 英 (“England”) + 語 (“language”).

영어를 못합니다.


팔

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆶ (Yale: pòlh). Compare dialectal forms 파리 (pari), 포리 (pori), 폴 (pol), 폴께 (polkke), and Jeju ᄑᆞᆯ (pawl).

ko-etym-native

검은 트렌치코트 차림으로 우두망찰 서 있는 아내의 팔을 끌고 안방으로 들어갔다.

2007, Han Kang, 채식주의자 [chaesikjuuija, The Vegetarian], 22nd edition, Paju, Republic of Korea: Changbi, published 2016, page 27

I grabbed the arm of my wife, who was standing dumbfounded wearing a black trench coat, and dragged her into our room.

Geomeun teurenchikoteu charim-euro udumangchal seo inneun anae-ui par-eul kkeulgo anbang-euro deureogatda.


팔

Sino-Korean word from 八 (“eight”), from the Middle Korean reading 팔〮 (Yale: phál), from Middle Chinese 八 (MC peat).

the hanja entry at 八 for Sino-Korean compounds of 팔


모레

First attested in the Beonyeok Bak Tongsa (飜譯朴通事 / 번역박통사), before 1517, as Middle Korean 모뢰 (Yale: mwolwoy).


킬로그램

[cçiɭɭo̞ɡɯɾɛm]

[cçiɭɭo̞ɡɯɾe̞m]


킬로

몸무게가 이 킬로나 빠졌다.

쇠고기 일 킬로에 얼마나 하죠?


수박

First attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean 슈〯박〮 (Yale: syǔpák), from 슈 (水, syu) + 박 (pak, “gourd”).


꿀

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄢᅮᆯ〮 (Yale: pskwúl), from Proto-Koreanic *puskwuL. See Appendix:Koreanic reconstructions.

꿀은 벌의 타액과 꽃가루가 섞인 것이다.

Honey is a mixture of bee saliva and pollen.

Kkur-eun beor-ui taaek-gwa kkotgaru-ga seokkin geos-ida.

꿀을 따다

꿀처럼 달콤한 사랑


가을

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᅀᆞᆶ (Yale: kòzòlh), probably from Old Korean 秋察 (*KOsol, *KOcol) (also written in the alternative form Old Korean 秋察尸). Cognate with Jeju ᄀᆞ슬 (gawseul) & ᄀᆞ을 (gaweul), the first of which preserves the Old Korean /s/.
Perhaps related to ᄀᆞᇫ〯다〮 (Yale: kǒz-tá, “to cut; to sever”), referring to the harvest.


여름

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 녀름〮 (Yale: nyèlúm).


철

the hanja entry at 鐵 for Sino-Korean compounds of 철


겨울

First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᅳᆶ〮 (Yale: kyèzúlh).
Compare dialect forms 겨욹 (gyeouk), 저슭 (jeoseuk), 저싥 (jeosik), 줅 (juk), 겨을 (gyeo'eul), 절 (jeol), 줄기 (julgi), 절기 (jeolgi), 저슬 (jeoseul), 저실 (jeosil), etc.).
James Marshall Unger (2001) asserts it is probably cognate to Japanese 如月 (Kisaragi, “the second month of the lunar calendar”). However this theory is unreasonable for the following reasons:
* The 2nd month of East Asian lunar calendar is when the vernal equinox occurs, or the middle month of spring, which is never considered as winter.
* Vowel ㅕ (Yale: ye) of Koreanic is consistently transcribed in in Japanese, until its pronunciation changed to [jʌ̹] as the standard Korean in the early modern times (cf. 寺(てら) (tera, “temple”, borrowed from Baekje, related to Middle Korean 뎔〮 (Yale: tyél; modern Korean 절 (jeol))), 嶋(セマ) (sema, transliteration of the Baekje word for "island", related to 셤〯 (Yale: syěm; modern Korean 섬 (seom))), 倍留(ぺる) (peru, transliteration of 별 (byeol, “star”) in the Wakan Sansai Zue, 1712) ).


감기

Sino-Korean word from 感氣, from 感 (“to feel”) + 氣 (“qi”)

ko-etym-Sino

감기가 들다

to catch a cold (Literally, "A cold enters")

감기에 걸리다


관절염

[kwa̠ɲd͡ʑʌ̹ɾjʌ̹m]


광우병

gwang'ubyeong (romanization)
狂牛病 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 狂牛病, from 狂 (“insane”) + 牛 (“cattle”) + 病 (“disease”), with compound/genitive tensing applied.

우해면상뇌증: bovine spongiform encephalopathy


광견병

gwanggyeonbyeong (romanization)
狂犬病 (hanja)

[kwa̠ŋɡjʌ̹np͈jʌ̹ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 狂犬病, from 狂犬 (“mad dog”) + 病 (“illness”), with compound/genitive tensing applied.


질병

[t͡ɕiɭbjʌ̹ŋ]


볼거리

[po̞ɭk͈ʌ̹ɾi]


에이즈

에이즈 백신을 개발하고 있다.

We are developing a vaccine against AIDS.


후천성면역결핍증

ko-noun

후천성면역결핍증 • (hucheonseongmyeonyeokgyeolpipjeung) (hanja 後天性免疫缺乏症)

hucheonseongmyeonyeokgyeolpipjeung (romanization)
後天性免疫缺乏症 (hanja)

[ɸʷut͡ɕʰʌ̹nsʰʌ̹ŋmjʌ̹ɲʌ̹k̚k͈jʌ̹ɭpʰip̚t͡ɕ͈ɯŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 後天性 (“acquired”) + 免疫 (“immunity”) + 缺乏 (“deficiency”) + 症 (“syndrome”).

ko-etym-sino

acquired immune deficiency syndrome
acquired immune deficiency syndrome

acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS


봄

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 봄〮 (Yale: pwóm). The etymology beyond Middle Korean is not clear:
* Middle Korean nouns ending in /-m/ are often substantives of verbs, but the only relevant verb is 보다〮 (Yale: pwò-tá, “to see”), which seems semantically unrelated.
* Some online sources claim a connection to the element 봄 (Yale: pwom) in the Middle Korean compound verb 봄놀다 (Yale: pwom-nwolta, “to romp; to spring about in play”), whose second element is 놀〯다〮 (Yale: nwǒltá, “to play”). If valid, the semantics would be similar to English spring. It is not clear whether this has been suggested in academia.
:However, it appears more likely that 봄 (Yale: pwom) is an allomorph of 봅 (pwop-), nasalized by the following /n/, as indicated by the variant spelling 봅놀다 (pwopnwolta); compare ablaut variant 붑괴다 (Yale: pwup-kwoyta, “to seethe”).
* It has been tentatively proposed that this is an ancient pre-Sino-Korean borrowing from Old Chinese 芃 (OC *[b]ˤ[o]m, “luxuriant growth (of foliage)”).


식중독

[ɕʰik̚t͡ɕ͈uŋdo̞k̚]


유행성 이하선염

ko-noun

유행성 이하선염 • (yuhaengseong ihaseonyeom) (hanja 流行性耳下腺炎)

yuhaengseong ihaseonyeom (romanization)
流行性耳下腺炎 (hanja)

[juɦɛŋsʰʌ̹ŋ iɦa̠sʰʌ̹ɲʌ̹m]

[juɦe̞ŋsʰʌ̹ŋ iɦa̠sʰʌ̹ɲʌ̹m]

Sino-Korean word from 流行性 (“infectious”) + 耳下腺 (“parotid gland”) + 炎 (“inflammation”).

ko-etym-sino

mumps; any infectious inflammation of the parotid glands


形容動詞

ko-noun

形容動詞 • (hyeong'yongdongsa) (hangeul 형용동사)

hyeong'yongdongsa (romanization)
형용동사 (hangeul)

형용동사 형용동사#Korean

Hanja form of 형용동사 (“(grammar) adjectival noun in Japanese grammar”).


나물

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᄆᆞᆶ (Yale: nòmòlh). Compare 나무 (namu, “tree”).


자지

Sino-Korean word from 紫 (“purple”) + 芝 (“herb”).

ko-etym-Sino

(uncommon) purple gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon)


골프

골프를 치다


축구

Sino-Korean word from 蹴球, from 蹴 (“to kick”) + 球 (“ball”).

축구를 하다


탁구

탁구를 치다

table tennis, ping pong (game similar to tennis)


테니스

테니스를 치다


야구

Sino-Korean word from 野球, an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 野(や)球(きゅう) (yakyū).


비계

Sino-Korean word from 飛 (“to fly”) + 階 (“stair, step”).

ko-etym-sino

가공전로에 근접하여 비계를 설치할 경우 주의하여야 한다.

One must be careful when setting up scaffolding near overhead power lines.

Gagongjeollo-e geunjeophayeo bigye-reul seolchihal gyeong'u juuihayeo-ya handa.


숟가락

Of native Korean origin. From 술 (sul, “spoon”) + 가락 (garak, “rod”)


하늘

From Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (hànólh), probably from Old Korean 天乙 (*HANOr). Perhaps related to Middle Korean 하다〮 (Yale: hà-tá, “to be large; to be great”). The Middle Korean /-h/ may be the remnant of an ancient place-related suffix; see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (Yale: hànólh).

ko-etym-native

하늘이 무섭지 않은가?


라틴어

라틴 (ratin, “Latin”) + 어(語) (-eo, “language”).


그리스어

From 그리스 (geuriseu, “Greece”) + 어(語) (-eo, “language”).


토착어

[tʰo̞t͡ɕʰa̠ɡʌ̹]

토착 (土着, tochak, “native”) + 어 (語, eo, “language”)

제주도는 지리적 여건으로 말미암아 한국어의 특수한 토착어를 형성하였다.

Due to its geographic situation, Cheju Island developed a unique regional dialect of Korean.

jejudo-neun jirijeok yeogeoneuro malmiama han'gugeo-ui teuksuhan tochageo-reul hyeongseonghayeotda.

the native language of a region; a regional language; a regional dialect


오후

오늘 오후에 비가 올 법하다.


레슬링

[ɾe̞s͈ɯʎʎiŋ]

프로 레슬링

아마추어 레슬링


배구

배구하다

배구 네트


농구

Sino-Korean word from 籠球, from 籠 (“basket”) + 球 (“ball”), from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 籠(ろう)球(きゅう) (rōkyū).

ja-r

籠(ろう)球(きゅう) (rōkyū)


하키

러시아 대통령 블라디미르 푸틴은 주기적으로 하키 경기에 참여하는 것으로 알려져 있다.
Reosia daetongnyeong ^beulladimireu ^putin-eun jugijeog-euro haki gyeonggi-e chamyeohaneun geos-euro allyeojeo itda.
Russian president Vladimir Putin is known to regularly participate in hockey games.


유도

Sino-Korean word from 柔道, from 柔 (“soft”) + 道 (“road, way”), an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 柔道(じゅうどう) (jūdō).

ja-r

柔道(じゅうどう) (jūdō)

유도에서는 상대방의 힘을 역이용할 줄 알아야 한다.

In judo, one must know how to use the opponent's strength against him [literally "in reverse"].

yudo-eseoneun sangdaebang-ui himeul yeogiyonghal jul araya handa.


닭싸움

From 닭 (dak, “chicken”) + 싸움 (ssaum, “fighting”).

cockfighting, a Korean children's game in which two or more people hop on one leg and try to knock each other over


수영

From Japanese 水泳 (suiei). Sino-Korean word from 水泳, from 水 (“water”) + 泳 (“swimming”)

ko-etym-Sino

내 친구는 마치 물개처럼 수영을 잘 한다.

My friend swims just like [just as well as] a seal.

nae chin'gu-neun machi mulgae-cheoreom suyeong-eul jal handa.


오징어

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 烏賊魚 (ojeogeo, “cuttlefish”).


공짜

[ko̞ŋt͡ɕ͈a̠]

공짜음악

something which is free, which does not have to be paid for


송구

Sino-Korean word from 送球, from 送 (“send”) + 球 (“ball”).

ko-etym-sino

(baseball) the act of throwing or passing the ball

Synonym of 핸드볼 (haendeubol, “handball (sport)”)


견과

Sino-Korean word from 堅果, from 堅 (“hard”) + 果 (“fruit”)


가족

저희 가족을 소개하겠습니다.

그 가족은 아빠, 엄마, 아들, 딸, 이렇게 네 명입니다. ― Geu gajogeun appa, eomma, adeul, ttal, ireoke ne myeong'imnida. ― There are four people in the family: father, mother, son, and daughter.


엄마

어미 (eomi, “mother”) + 아 (-a, “hey”, vocative particle). The final /i/ in 어미 (eomi) was dropped regularly; see Usage Notes in 이.
Korean colloquial family terms commonly stem from a fused vocative. See :Category:Korean terms suffixed with -아 (vocative).

suffix

가서 엄마한테 물어 봐.

엄마는 바구니를 들고 있습니다. ― Eomma-neun baguni-reul deulgo itseumnida. ― Mum is carrying a basket.

National Institute of the Korean Language


아빠

아비 (abi, “father”) + 아 (-a, “hey”, vocative particle). The final /i/ in 아비 (abi) was dropped regularly; see Usage Notes in 이.
Korean colloquial family terms commonly stem from a fused vocative. See :Category:Korean terms suffixed with -아 (vocative).

그 가족은 아빠, 엄마, 두 아이, 이렇게 네 명입니다. ― Geu gajog-eun appa, eomma, du ai, ireoke ne myeong-imnida. ― There are four people in the family: a father, a mother, and two children.


할아버지

Compound of 할 (hal-, “grand-”, as in 할머니 (halmeoni)) + 아버지 (abeoji, “father”).

prefix

Coordinate term: 할머니 (halmeoni)


병

Sino-Korean word from 病 (“illness”). From Middle Korean 벼ᇰ〯 (Yale: pyěng).

병에 걸리다

the hanja entry at 病 for Sino-Korean compounds of 병


대

Sino-Korean word from 代 (“to replace; generation”), from the Middle Korean reading ᄃᆡ〯 (Yale: tǒy).


대

Sino-Korean word from 隊 (“group; army unit”).

(military) army unit (of smaller size, from squad to regiment)

the hanja entry at 隊 for Sino-Korean compounds of 대


아들

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 丫妲 (Yale: *àtól), probably a compound of an ancient root for "son" *àt- + suffix *-ól; compare Jilin leishi 寶妲 (Yale: *pòtól, “daughter”), apparently equivalent to *pòt- + *-ól, whence modern 딸 (ttal, “daughter”).
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 아ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: àtól).

ruby

􂀿鷄􂁀(계)􂀿林􂁀(림)􂀿類􂁀(유)􂀿事􂁀(사)」

鷄(계)林(림)類(유)事(사)」

lang

「鷄(계)林(림)類(유)事(사)」의 여성 명칭어 연구

ko-etym-native

Coordinate term: 딸 (ttal, “daughter”)

아들이 딸보다 키가 큽니다. ― Adeuri ttalboda kiga keumnida. ― The son is taller than the daughter.


오빠

→ English: oppa

→ Japanese: オッパ (oppa)

→ Indonesian: oppa

→ Mandarin: 歐巴／欧巴 (ōubā), 偶巴 (ǒubā)

Probably contracted from 오라비 (orabi, “brother of a female”) + 아 (-a, “hey”, vocative particle), compare 누나 (nuna, “elder sister of a male”). For more on the etymology, see 오라비 (orabi).

suffix

Coordinate term: 언니 (eonni)

우리 오빠는 아버지를 빼닮았다.

오빠랑 사귄 지 얼마 됐지?
^oppa-rang sagwin ji eolma dwaetji?
How long has it been since I started going out with him?

(women's speech, in informal friendly settings) somewhat older male


언니

→ English: unnie, unni, eonni, eonnie

→ Japanese: オンニ (onni)

→ Mandarin: 歐尼／欧尼 (ōuní), 歐妮／欧妮 (ōunī)

→ Russian: о́нни (ónni)

Unknown. The word is attested for the first time only in dictionaries of colloquial Korean published by Europeans in the 1890s, suggesting that it was a very recent neologism at that point. These dictionaries define the word as referring to any elder sibling of the same gender, instead of the female-exclusive word it is now. A number of etymologies attempt to connect the word to fifteenth-century Middle Korean morphemes, but these are clearly impossible given that none of these morphemes were productive by the late nineteenth century. A connection to Japanese 兄 (ani, “older brother”) is tempting but unlikely, given that there were few linguistic contacts between colloquial Korean and Japanese until the 1900s.
Perhaps the most reasonable hypothesis is the one given by Ito (2020), that it originated from an intentionally childish pronunciation of 형님 (hyeongnim, “older sibling”).

(South Korean idol fandom) unnie (older female member of an idol group)


배우자

Sino-Korean word from 配偶者, from 配偶 (“partner”) + 者 (“person”).


조카

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 족하 (族下, jokha, “kinsman of a younger generation”) (Cho 2000: 95).
First attested in the Gyechuk ilgi (癸丑日記 / 계축일기), c. 1600 , as Early Modern Korean 족하 (Yale: cwokha). Displaced native Middle Korean 아ᄎᆞᆫ아ᄃᆞᆯ (Yale: achon-atol, “nephew”), 아ᄎᆞᆫᄯᅡᆯ (Yale: achon-stal, “niece”).
According to Han-Woo Choi, comparable to Old Turkic 𐰲𐰃𐰴𐰣 (cïqan, “nephew, son of one's aunt”).


손자

[sʰo̞ɲd͡ʑa̠]

Sino-Korean word from 孫子, from 孫 (“grandchild”) + 子 (“child, son”)


때

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean ᄣᅢ〮 (Yale: pstáy).

ko-etym-native

그는 어렸을 때의 추억에 잠겼다.

He is reminiscing about his childhood memories.

Geu-neun eoryeosseul ttae-ui chueog-e jamgyeotda.

그때의 나와 지금의 나는 다르다.

I am different now than I was at that time.

Geuttae-ui na-wa jigeum-ui na-neun dareuda.

당연히 아무 때나 놀러 와도 되지!

Dang'yeonhi amu ttaena nolleo wado doeji!


이모

Sino-Korean word from 姨母 (“maternal aunt”).

ko-etym-Sino

Coordinate term: 고모(姑母) (gomo, “paternal aunt”)


아버지

→ Japanese: アボジ (aboji)

→ Mandarin: 阿爸基, 阿爸吉

1928. Lady Chatterley's Lover/Chapter 15

아버지가 이번 주에 런던으로 오실거야. 6월 17일 다음 주 목요일에 널 데리러 가야할 것 같아.
Abeoji-ga ibeon ju-e ^reondeon-euro osilgeoya. 6wol 17il da'eum ju mogyoir-e neol derireo gayahal geot gata.
Father is going to London this week, and I shall call for you on Thursday week, June 17th.


할머니

From earlier 한어머니 (haneomeoni), from 한 (han-, “great, big”) (from Middle Korean 하다 (hata, “to be big”)) + 어머니 (eomeoni, “mother”).

Coordinate term: 할아버지 (harabeoji)

grandmother; (by extension) elderly female


팔찌

[pʰa̠ʎt͡ɕ͈i]

팔찌를 끼다


목걸이

목 (mok, “neck”) + 걸이 (geori, from 걸다 (geolda, “hang”))

compound

목걸이를 걸다.


반지

Sino-Korean word from 半指, from 半 (“half”) + 指 (“finger”).

ko-etym-sino

반지를 끼다


비녀

First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 빈혀 (Yale: pìnhyè).
Considered to be a compound of Sino-Korean word 빈 (鬢, bin, “hair on temples”) and native word 혀 (hyeo, “tongue”), from Hanja form 鬢舌 (鬢 舌) in the old literature.
Cognate with Jeju 빈네 (binne).


가락지

Of native Korean origin. From 가락 (garak, “a thin, long cut piece of goods”) + 지(指) (ji, “finger”). From Middle Korean 가락지 (Yale: kalakci).


배

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄇᆡ〮 (Yale: póy).
Often compared to Old Japanese 腹 (para, “stomach”), 孕む (paramu, “to become pregnant”) > modern hara, haramu, but Vovin rejects this.


백만

Sino-Korean word from 百萬, from 百 (“hundred”) + 萬 (“ten thousand”)


도

the hanja entry at 道 for Sino-Korean compounds of 도

(Administrative divisions of South Korea) 리(里) (ri), 동(洞) (dong), 면(面) (myeon), 읍(邑) (eup), 구(區) (gu), 군(郡) (gun), 시(市) (si), 도(道) (do)

도를 닦다

principle, reason; morals; (philosophy, Confucianism) the Way, the Tao


도

the hanja entry at 度 for Sino-Korean compounds of 도

45도 각도

동경 125도 ― donggyeong baegisibo-do ― longitude 125° E

(geography) degree of longitude or latitude


도

Borrowed from English do or some other European language.


내일

Sino-Korean word from 來日, from 來 (“coming”) + 日 (“day”). From Middle Korean ᄂᆡᅀᅵᆯ〮 (Yale: nòyzíl). Cognate with Jeju 늴 (nuil).

ko-etym-Sino

내일이 소풍을 가는 날이다.

Tomorrow is the day [we] are going on a picnic.

내일부터 방학이 시작된다.


내일

내일 뭐 할 거야?


주머니칼

Of native Korean origin. From 주머니 (jumeoni, “pocket, pouch”) + 칼 (kal, “knife”).


플루오르

[pʰɯɭɭuo̞ɾɯ]


질소

Sino-Korean word from 窒素, from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 窒(ちっ)素(そ) (chisso).


탄소

Sino-Korean word from 炭素, from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 炭(たん)素(そ) (tanso).


수소

Sino-Korean word from 水素, from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 水(すい)素(そ) (suiso), which is a calque of Dutch waterstof.


수소

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 수〮쇼〮 (Yale: swú-sywó). From 수 (su-, “male”) + 소 (so, “cow”).

ko-etym-native

Coordinate term: 암소 (amso)


2월

iwol (romanization)
이월 (hangeul)
二月／2月 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 二月, from 二 (“two”) + 月 (“month”)


사월

[ˈsʰa̠(ː)wʌ̹ɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 四月, from 四 (“four”) + 月 (“month”)


십이월

Sino-Korean word from 十二月, from 十二 (“twelve”) + 月 (“month”)


시월

Sino-Korean word from 十月, from 十 (“ten”) + 月 (“month”)


구월

Sino-Korean word from 九月, from 九 (“nine”) + 月 (“month”).


팔월

Sino-Korean word from 八月, from 八 (“eight”) + 月 (“month”)


오월

[ˈo̞(ː)wʌ̹ɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 五月, from 五 (“five”) + 月 (“month”)


칠월

[t͡ɕʰiɾwʌ̹ɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 七月, from 七 (“seven”) + 月 (“month”)


유월

Sino-Korean word from 六月, from 六 (“six”) + 月 (“month”).


십일월

[ɕʰibiɾwʌ̹ɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 十一月, from 十一 (“eleven”) + 月 (“month”)


일월

Sino-Korean word from 一月, from 一 (“one”) + 月 (“month”)

정월

first month of the traditional Korean calendar


어머니

→ Japanese: オモニ (omoni)

zh-l

阿媽妮／阿妈妮 (āmānī)

→ Mandarin: 阿媽妮／阿妈妮 (āmānī)

First attested in the Yeombul bogwonmun (念佛普勸文 / 염불보권문), 1776, as Modern Korean 어마니 (eomani).
From 어미 (eomi, “mother”) + 아 (-a, vocative particle) + —님 (-nim, honorific marker).

lang

念佛普勸文 / 염불보권문

念佛普勸文 / 염불보권문


묵

노랑묵

muk made from mung bean starch, and colored yellow with gardenia coloring

묵전

made by pan-frying sliced muk that has been coated with mung bean starch

묵밥

cold soup of muk, sliced vegetables, and rice


전갈

[t͡ɕʌ̹nɡa̠ɭ]


구

the hanja entry at 九 for Sino-Korean compounds of 구


에스페란토

From English Esperanto, from Esperanto Esperanto.

Esperanto (an international auxiliary language)


삼

the hanja entry at 三 for Sino-Korean compounds of 삼


삼

First attested in the Won'gakgyeong eonhae (圓覺經諺解 / 원각경언해), 1465, as Middle Korean 삼〮 (Yale: sám).

ko-etym-native

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual


삼

the hanja entry at 蔘 for Sino-Korean compounds of 삼


오

Sino-Korean word from 五 (“five”), from the Middle Korean reading 오〯 (Yale: wǒ), from Middle Chinese 五 (MC nguX).

the hanja entry at 五 for Sino-Korean compounds of 오


오

Sino-Korean word from 伍 (“troop of five soldiers”).

ko-etym-sino

Coordinate term: 열(列) (yeol, “file”)

(military) rank of troops (row of soldiers side by side)

the hanja entry at 伍 for Sino-Korean compounds of 오


공산주의

Sino-Korean word from 共産主義, from 共産 (“collective production”) + 主義 (“doctrine”), Orthographic borrowing from Japanese, 共産主義(きょうさんしゅぎ) (kyōsanshugi).


섬

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 셤〮 (Yale: syém).

ko-etym-native

a seom, a traditional Korean unit of volume equal to approximately 180 litres; mostly used when measuring grain such as rice


섬

(rare) Synonym of 작살 (jaksal, “(fishing) harpoon”)

the hanja entry at 銛 for Sino-Korean compounds of 섬


혼돈

Sino-Korean word from 混沌. Doublet of 훈툰 (huntun).


두유

Sino-Korean word from 豆乳, from 豆 (“bean”) + 乳 (“milk”)


자주

Sino-Korean word from 紫 (“purple”) + 朱 (“cinnabar, vermilion; scarlet, red”).

ko-etym-Sino

자주:


자주

Sino-Korean word from 慈 (“mother”) + 主 (“master, mistress; you”).

(archaic Literary Chinese-style Korean) mother


자주

Sino-Korean word from 自 (“oneself”) + 註 (“comment, note, annotation”).

(literary studies) self-footnote, self-annotation, note written on one's own writing

(literary studies) act of writing a footnote, annotation, note on one's own writing


軌道

Hanja form of 궤도 (“railroad track; (astronomy) orbit”).


납

South Korean reading of various Chinese characters, originally 랍 (rap).


지붕

First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 집웋 (Yale: cipwuh), equivalent to Middle Korean 집 (cip, “house”) + 웋 (wuh, “top”) (> Modern Korean 위 (wi, “top”).
The modern Korean form does not derive directly from the Middle Korean form but from a different reflex of Old Korean 上只 (*WUk), in which */k/ was nasalized instead of being lenited to /h/. The original /k/ is preserved in Jeolla Korean 지붕케 (jibungke), 지붕클 (jibungkeul).

ko-etym-native

자동차 지붕

roof (top of a building or other object one can enter)


씹

(vulgar, derogatory) coitus, copulation, fuck, sexual intercourse


씨

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄡᅵ〮 (Yale: psí).

씨수

씨인수분해


발

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 潑 (Yale: *pal).
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 발〮 (Yale: pál).


발

한 발 한 발 내딛다


발

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 발〯 (Yale: pǎl). The rising pitch implies a bisyllabic origin.

blind, screen, or curtain made with woven bamboo or reed strips, used especially for shielding from the sun

a hanja traditionally glossed with this word


발

Of native Korean origin. Long vowel implies bisyllabic origin.


발

Counter for shots or rounds fired by a gun or cannon: round


발

—발 (canonical)
-bal (romanization)
發 (hanja)

the hanja entry at 發 for Sino-Korean compounds of 발

부산발 기차


거리

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 거리〮 (Yale: kèlí).

서울굿은 열두거리가 있다.

There are twelve components to a Seoul gut.

(shamanism) a component ceremony of a gut ritual


불

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 孛.
Possibly cognate with Old Japanese 火 (pi₂) (< Proto-Japonic *poy), as well as compounding form 火 (po) and eastern Old Japanese 火 (pu). Compare Middle Korean 븕다〮 (Yale: pùlk-tá, “to be red”, whence modern 붉다 (bukda)), which is believed to be derived from the word at some earlier stage of the language (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 180).
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 블〮 (Yale: púl).

okm-l

whence modern <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">붉다</i> (bukda)


난쟁이

[na̠ɲd͡ʑɛŋi]

First attested in the Bak Tongsa eonhae (朴通事諺解 / 박통사언해), 1677, as Early Modern Korean 난장이 (Yale: nancang.i). Possibly equivalent to 낮 (nat-, “low”) + 은 (-eun) + 쟁이 (-jaeng'i).


시다

ko-adj

시다 • (sida) (infinitive 셔 or 시어, sequential 시니)

sida (romanization)
셔 (infinitive)
시어 (infinitive)
시니 (sequential)
시다 (formal indicative non-past)
셔 (indicative informal non-past)
셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
시어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
셨다 (formal indicative past)
셨어 (indicative informal past)
셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
시냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
시어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
셨냐 (formal interrogative past)
셨어 (informal interrogative past)
셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
시겠다 (assertive formal)
시겠어 (assertive informal)
시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
셔 (causative formal)
셔서 (causative informal)
시어서 (causative informal)
시니 (causative informal polite)
시니까 (causative formal polite)
시지만 (contrastive formal)
신데 (contrastive informal)
시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
시고 (conjunctive formal)
시면 (conditional formal)
셔야 (conditional informal)
시어야 (conditional informal)
심 (formal noun-from-verb)
시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
시었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
시었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
신 (determiner informal present)
실 (determiner future informal)
시시다 (indicative non-past)
시셔 (indicative informal non-past)
시세요 (indicative non-past polite)
시셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
시십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
시셨다 (indicative past)
시셨어 (indicative informal past)
시셨어요 (indicative past polite)
시셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
시시냐 (interrogative non-past)
시셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
시세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
시셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
시십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
시셨냐 (interrogative past)
시셨어 (informal interrogative past)
시셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
시셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
시시겠다 (assertive)
시시겠어 (assertive informal)
시시겠어요 (assertive polite)
시시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
시셔 (causative)
시셔서 (causative informal)
시시니 (causative polite)
시시니까 (causative formal)
시시지만 (contrastive)
시신데 (contrastive informal)
시시더니 (contrastive polite)
시시고 (conjunctive)
시시면 (conditional)
시셔야 (conditional informal)
시심 (noun-from-verb)
시시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
시셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
시셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
시신 (determiner informal present)
시실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 싀다〮 (Yale: sùy-tá).
Cognate with 쉬다 (swida, “to go bad, to turn sour”). Possibly related to Japanese 酢 (su, “vinegar”), 酸い (sui, “sour”).


갑

Sino-Korean word from 甲 (“armor, shell; the first of the ten heavenly stems”)


古琴

Hanja form of 고금 (“guqin; Chinese seven-stringed zither”).


바람

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᄅᆞᆷ (Yale: pòlòm). Orthographic evidence shows that the eighth-century Old Korean word for "wind" also ended in *-m.
Possibly an ancient borrowing from Old Chinese 風 (OC *plum, *plums, “wind”), but also plausibly an ㅁ (Yale: -m) nominalization of unattested verb *ᄇᆞᆯ다 (Yale: *pol-ta), which would be the regular yang-vowel ablaut pair of Middle Korean 블다 (Yale: pul-ta, “to blow (of wind)”, whence modern 불다 (bulda)).

okm-l

whence modern <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">불다</i> (bulda)

바람에

on the verge, by virtue, under the circumstances (of something)

공기의 움직임이 바람이다.

바람이 많이 분다.

바람에 지는 아련한 사랑.

A vague love which disappears with the wind.


톱

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 톱〮 (Yale: thwóp).

모래톱

sand dune (literally,; ); moraetop, sand-topped


다리

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞ리 (Yale: tòlì).

새로운 다리가 건설중이다.

Construction is underway on the new bridge.


다리

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 다리 (Yale: tàlì).

다리가 아프다.

문어는 다리가 몇 개지?


다리

Contraction of 다른 이 (dareun i, “different person”).

(northern Gyeongsang) someone else; other person


골

골을 득점하다


해

다음 이차방정식의 해를 구하시오.

Find the value of x in the following quadratic equations.

Da'eum ichabangjeongsig-ui hae-reul guhasio.

the hanja entry at 解 for Sino-Korean compounds of 해


해

the hanja entry at 垓 for Sino-Korean compounds of 해


무릎

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 무뤂 (Yale: mwùlwùph).

무릎 꿇다

to bend the knees; to kneel down; to surrender

무릎 맞대다

to make friends (literally, knee to knee)

무릎 치다

to slap on the knee to show a great surprise

무릎까지 내려오는 스커트

최근에 그녀는 무릎을 다쳤다.

Choegeune geunyeo-neun mureup-eul dacheotda.

무릎에 앉다

무릎을 베다


밑

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 밑 (Yale: mìth).


넓적다리

[nʌ̹p̚t͡ɕ͈ʌ̹k̚t͈a̠ɾi]


손목

Of native Korean origin. From 손 (son, “hand”) + 목 (mok, “neck”).


위

(geography) Short for 위도(緯度) (wido, “latitude”).

the hanja entry at 緯 for Sino-Korean compounds of 위


초콜릿

[t͡ɕʰo̞kʰo̞ʎʎit̚]

From English chocolate, from Spanish chocolate from Classical Nahuatl chocolātl.


학

말라리아 말라리아#Korean

Synonym of 말라리아 (mallaria, “(medicine) malaria”)

the hanja entry at 瘧 for Sino-Korean compounds of 학


活用

Hanja form of 활용 (“(grammar) conjugation, declension, inflection”).


구름

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 屈林.
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 구〮룸 (Yale: kwúlwùm).

구름 개다

구름 끼다

구름 덮이다

구름 잡다

to be as fantastic as "to catch the cloud"


알까기

(board games) a board game in which the opponent's eggs are sent out by bouncing a go stone with a finger


번역자

[pʌ̹ɲʌ̹k̚t͡ɕ͈a̠]

Sino-Korean word from 飜譯 (“translation”) + 者 (“-er”).


새벽

새벽 세 시에

dawn; daybreak; cockcrow (also used to indicate time of the day, approximately from 1:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m.)


동

Sino-Korean word from 銅 (“copper”), borrowed from Vietnamese đồng.


남

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆷ〮 (Yale: nóm).

ko-etym-native

우리 고등학교 동창인데 왜 남 취급해?

We used to go to the same high school, why are you treating me like someone you don't know?

Uri godeunghakgyo dongchang-inde wae nam chwigeuphae?


볼

First attested in the Eonhae duchang jibyo (諺解痘瘡集要 / 언해두창집요), 1608, as Early Modern Korean 볼.


풀무

First attested in the Won'gakgyeong eonhae (圓覺經諺解 / 원각경언해), 1465, as Middle Korean 불무 (Yale: pwùlmwù).

hanja with which the word is traditionally glossed


턱

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean ᄐᆞᆨ〮 (Yale: thók).

턱에 축구공을 정통으로 맞아서 음식을 씹을 수가 없다.

Since he was hit straight on the chin with a soccer ball, he can't eat.

Teog-e chukgugong-eul jeongtong-euro majaseo eumsig-eul ssibeul su-ga eopda.


줄

ko-noun

줄 • (jul) (usually no hanja; sometimes 乼, 注乙)

jul (romanization)
no hanja (usually)
乼 (sometimes)
注乙 (CJK)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 줄〮 (Yale: cwúl).

줄을 대다

to approach with an ulterior selfish purpose

줄씹

sexual intercourse with a sequence of partners

(North Korea, mathematics) Synonym of 현(絃) (hyeon, “chord of a circle”)


줄

First attested in the Yeogeo yuhae (譯語類解 / 역어유해), 1690, as Early Modern Korean 줄 (Yale: cwul).

Manchurian wild rice
Manchurian wild rice

Zizania latifolia
Zizania latifolia#Translingual

Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)


위키백과

위키 (wiki, “wiki”), and abbreviation of 백과사전 (baekgwasajeon, “encyclopedia”)


꽃병

[k͈o̞t̚p͈jʌ̹ŋ]

꽃 (kkot, “flower”) + 병 (甁, byeong, “bottle”).


자루

First attested in the Geumganggyeong samgahae (金剛經三家解 / 금강경삼가해), 1482, as Middle Korean ᄌᆞᄅᆞ (Yale: còlò).


자루

First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 쟈ᄅᆞ (Yale: cyàlò).


창

창 닫기


숨구멍

Of native Korean origin. 숨 (sum, “breath”) + ㅅ (-s-, genitive interfix; omitted from the spelling, but this causes the tense phonation of the following consonant) + 구멍 (gumeong, “hole”).


문

the hanja entry at 門 for Sino-Korean compounds of 문


문

(historical) mun; the former currency of Korea

the hanja entry at 文 for Sino-Korean compounds of 문


개밥바라기

개 (gae, “dog”) + 밥 (bap, “food”) + 바라기 (baragi, “desiring”). Dogs are fed at evening, when Venus is visible to the west.

compound

(astronomy) the evening star; the planet Venus in the western sky


샛별

[ˈsʰɛ(ː)t̚p͈jʌ̹ɭ]

[ˈsʰɛ(ː)p͈jʌ̹ɭ]

[ˈsʰe̞(ː)t̚p͈jʌ̹ɭ]

[ˈsʰe̞(ː)p͈jʌ̹ɭ]

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 새〯별〯 (Yale: sǎy pyěl).
Analyzable as 새 (sae, “east”) + ㅅ (-s-, genitive interfix) + 별 (byeol, “star”).

compound

샛별 지자 종다리 떴다.

Once the morning star has set, the larks have emerged.

(astronomy) the morning star; the planet Venus in the eastern sky


카메라

camera (a device for taking still or moving pictures)


별

From Middle Korean 별〯 (Yale: pyěl), from Old Korean 星利 (*PYEli).
In the Hangul script, first attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 별〯 (Yale: pyěl). Compare dialectal forms 비얼 (bieol), 밸 (bael), 베리 (beri), 빌 (bil), 벨 (bel), etc., some of which appear to preserve the original bisyllabic form.

ko-etym-native

우리는 늦게 까지 깨어 있다가 별들을 올려다 보았다.

We stayed up late and looked up at the stars [in the sky].

Uri-neun neutge kkaji kkaeeo itdaga byeoldeureul ollyeoda boatda.


박

Sino-Korean word from 拍 (“to pat; classifier for beats”).

ko-etym-sino

the hanja entry at 拍 for Sino-Korean compounds of 박

(historical, music) bak, an instrument in court music


푸르다

ko-adj

푸르다 • (pureuda) (infinitive 푸르러, sequential 푸르니)

pureuda (romanization)
푸르러 (infinitive)
푸르니 (sequential)
푸르다 (formal indicative non-past)
푸르러 (indicative informal non-past)
푸르러요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
푸릅니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
푸르렀다 (formal indicative past)
푸르렀어 (indicative informal past)
푸르렀어요 (indicative informal past polite)
푸르렀습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
푸르냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
푸르러 (informal interrogative non-past)
푸르러요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
푸릅니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
푸르렀냐 (formal interrogative past)
푸르렀어 (informal interrogative past)
푸르렀어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
푸르렀습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
푸르겠다 (assertive formal)
푸르겠어 (assertive informal)
푸르겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
푸르겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
푸르러 (causative formal)
푸르러서 (causative informal)
푸르니 (causative informal polite)
푸르니까 (causative formal polite)
푸르지만 (contrastive formal)
푸른데 (contrastive informal)
푸르더니 (contrastive informal polite)
푸르고 (conjunctive formal)
푸르면 (conditional formal)
푸르러야 (conditional informal)
푸름 (formal noun-from-verb)
푸르기 (informal noun-from-verb)
푸르렀음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
푸르렀기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
푸른 (determiner informal present)
푸를 (determiner future informal)
푸르시다 (indicative non-past)
푸르셔 (indicative informal non-past)
푸르세요 (indicative non-past polite)
푸르셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
푸르십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
푸르셨다 (indicative past)
푸르셨어 (indicative informal past)
푸르셨어요 (indicative past polite)
푸르셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
푸르시냐 (interrogative non-past)
푸르셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
푸르세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
푸르셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
푸르십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
푸르셨냐 (interrogative past)
푸르셨어 (informal interrogative past)
푸르셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
푸르셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
푸르시겠다 (assertive)
푸르시겠어 (assertive informal)
푸르시겠어요 (assertive polite)
푸르시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
푸르셔 (causative)
푸르셔서 (causative informal)
푸르시니 (causative polite)
푸르시니까 (causative formal)
푸르시지만 (contrastive)
푸르신데 (contrastive informal)
푸르시더니 (contrastive polite)
푸르시고 (conjunctive)
푸르시면 (conditional)
푸르셔야 (conditional informal)
푸르심 (noun-from-verb)
푸르시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
푸르셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
푸르셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
푸르신 (determiner informal present)
푸르실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 프르〮다〮 (Yale: phùlú-tá). Derived from 풀 (pul, “grass”).

ko-etym-native

(of vegetation) to be green, to be verdant