바보

First attested in James Scarth Gale's Korean-English Dictionary, 1897. The etymology is unclear. The second element is clearly the derogatory agentive suffix 보 (-bo) (cf. 먹— (meok-, “to eat”) > 먹보 (meokbo, “glutton”)), but the first element is uncertain. Two hypotheses have been suggested (Cho Hang-beom 2019, pp. 161—164):
* Dropping of the final consonant in 밥 (bap, “rice; food”), with the original meaning of "one who does nothing but eat". There is a vowel length mismatch, however, although this could be compensatory for the consonant loss.
* A connection to 바사기 (basagi, “idiot”), ultimately from Chinese 八朔 (bā shuò, “eight months”), with premature birth implied. The dropping of the final syllables is not clearly motivated, however.


입술

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum eonhae (訓民正音諺解本 / 훈민정음언해본), 1446, as Middle Korean 입시울〮 (Yale: ìp-sìwúl).


잇몸

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum eonhae (訓民正音諺解本 / 훈민정음언해본), 1446, as Middle Korean 닛므윰 (Yale: nismuyum). Equivalent to 이 (i, “tooth”) + ㅅ (-s-, genitive case) + 몸 (mom, an unknown element, not 몸 (mom, “body, flesh”)).

compound

an unknown element, not <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">몸</i> (mom, “body, flesh”)

이가 없으면 잇몸으로 산다.
Iga eopseumyeon inmomeuro sanda.
Make do with what you have.

literally, “When people do not have teeth, they can still live with their gums.”

(anatomy) gum (flesh around the necks of teeth)


등

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 드ᇰ (Yale: tung).


찌개

From 찌 (jji-, “to steam”) + 개 (-gae, suffix denoting something small associated with an action). Compare 노리개 (norigae) and 지우개 (jiugae).

af

jjigae (a Korean dish similar to a stew, typically consisting of vegetables and meat or seafood boiled in water seasoned with soy sauce and gochujang or doenjang)


입천장

[ip̚t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɲd͡ʑa̠ŋ]

입 (ip, “mouth”) + 천장 (天障, cheonjang, “roof”)


입

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 邑 (Yale: *ip).

주둥이: narrow mouth

of bottles, animals, etc.; vulgar for men


한사군

Sino-Korean word from 漢四郡 (“four Chinese counties”)

ko-etym-Sino

(historical) the Four Commanderies of Han, Han Chinese commanderies located on the Korean peninsula in the early Common Era


숨바꼭질

First attested in the Bak Tongsa eonhae (朴通事諺解 / 박통사언해), 1677, as Early Modern Korean 숨막질 (Yale: swummakcil). From 숨— (sum-, “to hide”) + 막— (mak-, “to prevent”) (?) + —질 (-jil, nominalisation suffix).

ko-etym-native

아이들은 달빛보다 밝은 가로등 밑에 모여 재미난 숨바꼭질도 하고 고무줄넘기도 하며 밤 늦게까지 놀았다.

Gathering under streetlamps which are brighter than moonlight, children jollily played hide-and-seek and rubber jump rope until late at night.

aideureun dalbitboda balgeun garodeung mite moyeo jaeminan sumbakkokjildo hago gomujulleomgido hamyeo bam neutgekkaji noratda.


케익

난 단지 케익을 아주 조금 먹었을 뿐이야.

I just ate a tiny little piece of the cake.

nan danji keigeul aju jogeum meogeosseul ppuniya.


생태학

[sʰɛŋtʰɛɦa̠k̚]

[sʰe̞ŋtʰe̞ɦa̠k̚]

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 生態学 (seitaigaku). By surface analysis, 생태(生態) (saengtae, “eco-”) + 학(學) (-hak, “-logy”).


기

the hanja entry at 氣 for Sino-Korean compounds of 기

Coordinate term: 리(理) (ri, “the underlying ordering principle of the cosmos”)

(philosophy, especially Confucianism) qi, the vital force engendering the cosmos


과자

Sino-Korean word from 菓子 (“sweet, confection; candy; pastry, cake, cookie”).


革命

hyeongmyeong (romanization)
혁명 (hangeul)


지

bamboo flute with five fingerholes, used in 아악(雅樂) (aak, “genre of East Asian court music”).


살

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 살〮 (Yale: sál).
Possibly related to Japanese 幸 (satsu, “hunting, for hunting”, related to ideas of arrows).

cog

눈살 ― nunsal


감로

Sino-Korean word from 甘露, from 甘 (“sweet”) + 露 (“dew”).


통

Sino-Korean word from 桶 (“barrel, bucket”).

Used in compounds to refer to body parts that resemble containers (being hollow, etc.), often with a colloquial nuance.


뺨

First attested in the Gugeupganibang eonhae (救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해), 1489, as Middle Korean ᄲᅡᆷ (Yale: spam). Also attested in the Bak Tongsa eonhae (朴通事諺解 / 박통사언해), 1677. as ᄲᅣᆷ (spyam), direct origin of the standard form.
Compare dialectal forms 뱜 (byam, Central/Gangwon), 빰 (ppam, Hengyeong/Jeolla/Gyeongnam), 뺌 (ppaem, Gyeongbuk/Chungbuk), etc. and Jeju 삐얌 (ppiyam).

ko-etym-native

정우는 줄리아의 양쪽 뺨에 뽀뽀를 했어요.

2020, Olly Richards, Short Stories in Korean for Intermediate Learners, page 9

Jeong'u-neun Jullia-ui yangjjok ppyam-e ppoppo-reul haesseoyo.


동생

→ English: dongsaeng, dongseng

→ Japanese: ドンセン (donsen)

Sino-Korean word from 同生, from 同 (“same”) + 生 (“life”).


학생

ko-noun

학생 • (haksaeng) (counter 명(名), hanja 學生)

haksaeng (romanization)
명 (counter)
學生 (hanja)


조

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 좋 (Yale: cwoh).

ko-etym-native

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual


조

—조 (canonical)
-jo (romanization)
朝 (hanja)


가락지빵

[ka̠ɾa̠k̚t͡ɕ͈ip͈a̠ŋ]

From 가락지 (garakji, “ring”) + 빵 (ppang, “bread”).


문신

Sino-Korean word from 文身, from 文 (“writing”) + 身 (“body”)


대명사

Sino-Korean word from 代名詞, from 代 (“replacement”) + 名詞 (“noun”)


건물

Sino-Korean word from 建物, from 建 (“to construct”) + 物 (“thing, object”), an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 建(たて)物(もの) (tatemono).

ko-etym-sino

그 건물은 보수가 몹시 필요한 상태이다.

The building is badly in need of repair.

Geu geonmur-eun bosu-ga mopsi piryohan sangtae-ida.


노

노를 쏘다

(historical) Synonym of 쇠뇌 (soenoe, “crossbow (weapon)”)

the hanja entry at 弩 for Sino-Korean compounds of 노


노

the hanja entry at 魯 for Sino-Korean compounds of 노

(formal, academic) the Lu, an ancient vassal state of China


강

From Sino-Korean word from 綱 (“class”). Compare Japanese 綱.


도시락

→ English: dosirak

→ Japanese: トシラク (toshiraku)

First attested in the 청구영언 / 靑丘永言, 1728, as Early Modern Korean 도슭 (Yale: twosulk).

ko-etym-native

(South Korea) lunch box (a container for transporting meals)


비자

비자를 받다


육이오

Sino-Korean word from 六二五, from the date June 25, 1950, the day marking the start of the Korean War.


이탈리아어

이탈리아 (itallia, “Italy”) + 어(語) (-eo, “language”).


들어가다

ko-verb

들어가다 • (deureogada) (infinitive 들어가, sequential 들어가니)

deureogada (romanization)
들어가 (infinitive)
들어가니 (sequential)
들어간다 (formal indicative non-past)
들어가 (indicative informal non-past)
들어가요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
들어갑니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
들어갔다 (formal indicative past)
들어갔어 (indicative informal past)
들어갔어요 (indicative informal past polite)
들어갔습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
들어가느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
들어가 (informal interrogative non-past)
들어가요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
들어갑니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
들어갔느냐 (formal interrogative past)
들어갔어 (informal interrogative past)
들어갔어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
들어갔습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
들어가자 (formal hortative)
들어가 (hortative informal)
들어가요 (hortative informal polite)
들어가십시다 (formal hortative polite)
들어가거라 (formal imperative)
들어가라 (formal imperative)
들어가 (imperative informal)
들어가요 (imperative informal polite)
들어갑시오 (formal imperative polite)
들어가겠다 (assertive formal)
들어가겠어 (assertive informal)
들어가겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
들어가겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
들어가 (causative formal)
들어가서 (causative informal)
들어가니 (causative informal polite)
들어가니까 (causative formal polite)
들어가지만 (contrastive formal)
들어가는데 (contrastive informal)
들어가더니 (contrastive informal polite)
들어가고 (conjunctive formal)
들어가면 (conditional formal)
들어가야 (conditional informal)
들어가려고 (formal motive-form)
들어감 (formal noun-from-verb)
들어가기 (informal noun-from-verb)
들어갔음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
들어갔기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
들어간 (determiner formal past)
들어가는 (determiner formal present)
들어갈 (determiner formal future)
들어가신다 (formal indicative non-past)
들어가셔 (indicative informal non-past)
들어가세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
들어가셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
들어가십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
들어가셨다 (formal indicative past)
들어가셨어 (indicative informal past)
들어가셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
들어가셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
들어가시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
들어가셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
들어가세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
들어가셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
들어가십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
들어가셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
들어가셨어 (informal interrogative past)
들어가셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
들어가셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
들어가시라 (formal imperative)
들어가셔 (imperative informal)
들어가세요 (imperative informal polite)
들어가십시오 (formal imperative polite)
들어가시겠다 (assertive formal)
들어가시겠어 (assertive informal)
들어가시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
들어가시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
들어가셔 (causative formal)
들어가셔서 (causative informal)
들어가시니 (causative informal polite)
들어가시니까 (causative formal polite)
들어가시지만 (contrastive formal)
들어가시는데 (contrastive informal)
들어가시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
들어가시고 (conjunctive formal)
들어가시면 (conditional formal)
들어가셔야 (conditional informal)
들어가시려고 (formal motive-form)
들어가심 (formal noun-from-verb)
들어가시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
들어가셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
들어가셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
들어가신 (determiner formal past)
들어가시는 (determiner formal present)
들어가실 (determiner formal future)

[tɯɾʌ̹ɡa̠da̠]

들 (deul-, “to enter”)+ 어 (-eo, infinitive suffix) + 가다 (gada, “to go”).
First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 드러가다 (Yale: tulekata).

ko-etym-native

(intransitive, biology) to belong to (a species, genus etc.)


분

Sino-Korean word from 分 (“part, division”). Cognate with Jeju 분 (bun).

ko-etym-sino

bun, a unit of measure, equivalent to the Chinese fen

unit of length equivalent to about 0.3 cm

unit of weight equivalent to about 0.4 g

8(여덟)시 45(사십오)분
8(yeodeol)si 45(sasibo)bun
8:45 (time)


분

→ English: bun


이리

First attested in the Yeogeo yuhae (譯語類解 / 역어유해), 1690, as Early Modern Korean 일의 (Yale: il.uy).


겨우살이

First attested in the Dong'ui bogam (東醫寶鑑 / 동의보감), 1613, as Early Modern Korean 겨으살이 (Yale: kyeu-sal-i).
From 겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”) + 살 (sal-, “to live”) + 이 (-i).


뼈

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄲᅧ〮 (Yale: spyé).

ko-etym-native

(architecture) frame (of a building, etc.)


배터리

라디오의 배터리를 바꾸다

(electronics) battery (device to store electricity)

(baseball) a battery (the catcher and the pitcher together)


새끼손가락

Of native Korean origin. 새끼 (saekki, “young animal”) + 손가락 (son'garak, “finger”)


손가락

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 소ᇇ가락 (Yale: swòn-s-kàlàk).
손 (son, “hand”) + ㅅ (-s-, genitive interfix; omitted from the spelling, but this causes the tense phonation of the following consonant) + 가락 (garak, “strand”)


시

Sino-Korean word from 市, from the Middle Korean reading 시〯 (Yale: sǐ), from Middle Chinese 市 (MC dzyiX).

the hanja entry at 市 for Sino-Korean compounds of 시

(Administrative divisions of South Korea) 리(里) (ri), 동(洞) (dong), 면(面) (myeon), 읍(邑) (eup), 구(區) (gu), 군(郡) (gun), 시(市) (si), 도(道) (do)

(South Korea, government) an administrative region, a division of a province having a population of over 150,000


호

the hanja entry at 弧 for Sino-Korean compounds of 호


술

First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 술〮 (Yale: swúl).

ko-etym-native

두 술만 더 떠 주세요.


젖먹이

[t͡ɕʌ̹nmʌ̹ɡi]

Compound of 젖 먹— (jeot meok-, “to drink milk”) + 이 (-i, agentive noun-deriving suffix).


고

the hanja entry at 苦 for Sino-Korean compounds of 고


헬리콥터

[he̞ʎʎikʰo̞p̚tʰʌ̹]


무당

Sino-Korean word from 巫堂, from 巫 (“shaman”) + 堂 (“hall”). First attested in the Eoje naehun, (御製內訓 / 어제내훈), 1475 , as Middle Korean 무〯다ᇰ〮 (Yale: mwǔtáng).

ko-etym-native

shaman; priest of Korean shamanism, the indigenous religion of the country

Coordinate term: 박수 (baksu)


질

the hanja entry at 膣 for Sino-Korean compounds of 질


구리

Short for 구렁이 (gureong'i, “large snake”).


자

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.


굽다

ko-verb

굽다 • (gupda) (irregular, infinitive 구워, sequential 구우니)

gupda (romanization)
구워 (infinitive)
구우니 (sequential)
굽는다 (formal indicative non-past)
구워 (indicative informal non-past)
구워요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
굽습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
구웠다 (formal indicative past)
구웠어 (indicative informal past)
구웠어요 (indicative informal past polite)
구웠습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
굽느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
구워 (informal interrogative non-past)
구워요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
굽습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
구웠느냐 (formal interrogative past)
구웠어 (informal interrogative past)
구웠어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
구웠습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
굽자 (formal hortative)
구워 (hortative informal)
구워요 (hortative informal polite)
구우십시다 (formal hortative polite)
구워라 (formal imperative)
구워 (imperative informal)
구워요 (imperative informal polite)
굽읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
굽겠다 (assertive formal)
굽겠어 (assertive informal)
굽겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
굽겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
구워 (causative formal)
구워서 (causative informal)
구우니 (causative informal polite)
구우니까 (causative formal polite)
굽지만 (contrastive formal)
굽는데 (contrastive informal)
굽더니 (contrastive informal polite)
굽고 (conjunctive formal)
구우면 (conditional formal)
구워야 (conditional informal)
구우려고 (formal motive-form)
구움 (formal noun-from-verb)
굽기 (informal noun-from-verb)
구웠음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
구웠기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
구운 (determiner formal past)
굽는 (determiner formal present)
구울 (determiner formal future)
구우신다 (formal indicative non-past)
구우셔 (indicative informal non-past)
구우세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
구우셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
구우십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
구우셨다 (formal indicative past)
구우셨어 (indicative informal past)
구우셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
구우셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
구우시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
구우셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
구우세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
구우셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
구우십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
구우셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
구우셨어 (informal interrogative past)
구우셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
구우셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
구우시라 (formal imperative)
구우셔 (imperative informal)
구우세요 (imperative informal polite)
구우십시오 (formal imperative polite)
구우시겠다 (assertive formal)
구우시겠어 (assertive informal)
구우시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
구우시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
구우셔 (causative formal)
구우셔서 (causative informal)
구우시니 (causative informal polite)
구우시니까 (causative formal polite)
구우시지만 (contrastive formal)
구우시는데 (contrastive informal)
구우시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
구우시고 (conjunctive formal)
구우시면 (conditional formal)
구우셔야 (conditional informal)
구우시려고 (formal motive-form)
구우심 (formal noun-from-verb)
구우시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
구우셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
구우셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
구우신 (determiner formal past)
구우시는 (determiner formal present)
구우실 (determiner formal future)

(board games) To mount one 말 (mal, “horse/token”) on another so that they can go together, hence multiply faster, on the 윷 (yut, “Yut”) board.

(computing) To burn; to write data to a permanent storage medium such as a compact disc.


누르다

누르다 • (nureuda) (infinitive 눌러, sequential 누르니)

nureuda (romanization)
눌러 (infinitive)
누르니 (sequential)
누른다 (formal indicative non-past)
눌러 (indicative informal non-past)
눌러요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
누릅니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
눌렀다 (formal indicative past)
눌렀어 (indicative informal past)
눌렀어요 (indicative informal past polite)
눌렀습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
누르느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
눌러 (informal interrogative non-past)
눌러요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
누릅니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
눌렀느냐 (formal interrogative past)
눌렀어 (informal interrogative past)
눌렀어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
눌렀습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
누르자 (formal hortative)
눌러 (hortative informal)
눌러요 (hortative informal polite)
누르십시다 (formal hortative polite)
눌러라 (formal imperative)
눌러 (imperative informal)
눌러요 (imperative informal polite)
누릅시오 (formal imperative polite)
누르겠다 (assertive formal)
누르겠어 (assertive informal)
누르겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
누르겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
눌러 (causative formal)
눌러서 (causative informal)
누르니 (causative informal polite)
누르니까 (causative formal polite)
누르지만 (contrastive formal)
누르는데 (contrastive informal)
누르더니 (contrastive informal polite)
누르고 (conjunctive formal)
누르면 (conditional formal)
눌러야 (conditional informal)
누르려고 (formal motive-form)
누름 (formal noun-from-verb)
누르기 (informal noun-from-verb)
눌렀음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
눌렀기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
누른 (determiner formal past)
누르는 (determiner formal present)
누를 (determiner formal future)
누르신다 (formal indicative non-past)
누르셔 (indicative informal non-past)
누르세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
누르셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
누르십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
누르셨다 (formal indicative past)
누르셨어 (indicative informal past)
누르셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
누르셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
누르시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
누르셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
누르세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
누르셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
누르십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
누르셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
누르셨어 (informal interrogative past)
누르셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
누르셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
누르시라 (formal imperative)
누르셔 (imperative informal)
누르세요 (imperative informal polite)
누르십시오 (formal imperative polite)
누르시겠다 (assertive formal)
누르시겠어 (assertive informal)
누르시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
누르시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
누르셔 (causative formal)
누르셔서 (causative informal)
누르시니 (causative informal polite)
누르시니까 (causative formal polite)
누르시지만 (contrastive formal)
누르시는데 (contrastive informal)
누르시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
누르시고 (conjunctive formal)
누르시면 (conditional formal)
누르셔야 (conditional informal)
누르시려고 (formal motive-form)
누르심 (formal noun-from-verb)
누르시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
누르셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
누르셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
누르신 (determiner formal past)
누르시는 (determiner formal present)
누르실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 누르〮다〮 (Yale: nwùlú-tá).
From Old Korean 押喙 (*NWUt).

ko-etym-native

to restrain, to suppress (one's feelings)


누르다

ko-adj

누르다 • (nureuda) (infinitive 누르러, sequential 누르니)

nureuda (romanization)
누르러 (infinitive)
누르니 (sequential)
누르다 (formal indicative non-past)
누르러 (indicative informal non-past)
누르러요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
누릅니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
누르렀다 (formal indicative past)
누르렀어 (indicative informal past)
누르렀어요 (indicative informal past polite)
누르렀습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
누르냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
누르러 (informal interrogative non-past)
누르러요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
누릅니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
누르렀냐 (formal interrogative past)
누르렀어 (informal interrogative past)
누르렀어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
누르렀습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
누르겠다 (assertive formal)
누르겠어 (assertive informal)
누르겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
누르겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
누르러 (causative formal)
누르러서 (causative informal)
누르니 (causative informal polite)
누르니까 (causative formal polite)
누르지만 (contrastive formal)
누른데 (contrastive informal)
누르더니 (contrastive informal polite)
누르고 (conjunctive formal)
누르면 (conditional formal)
누르러야 (conditional informal)
누름 (formal noun-from-verb)
누르기 (informal noun-from-verb)
누르렀음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
누르렀기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
누른 (determiner informal present)
누를 (determiner future informal)
누르시다 (indicative non-past)
누르셔 (indicative informal non-past)
누르세요 (indicative non-past polite)
누르셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
누르십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
누르셨다 (indicative past)
누르셨어 (indicative informal past)
누르셨어요 (indicative past polite)
누르셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
누르시냐 (interrogative non-past)
누르셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
누르세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
누르셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
누르십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
누르셨냐 (interrogative past)
누르셨어 (informal interrogative past)
누르셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
누르셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
누르시겠다 (assertive)
누르시겠어 (assertive informal)
누르시겠어요 (assertive polite)
누르시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
누르셔 (causative)
누르셔서 (causative informal)
누르시니 (causative polite)
누르시니까 (causative formal)
누르시지만 (contrastive)
누르신데 (contrastive informal)
누르시더니 (contrastive polite)
누르시고 (conjunctive)
누르시면 (conditional)
누르셔야 (conditional informal)
누르심 (noun-from-verb)
누르시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
누르셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
누르셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
누르신 (determiner informal present)
누르실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 누르〮다〮 (Yale: nwùlú-tá).
From Old Korean 黃等 (*NWOtol).
Possibly ultimately from 눋 (nwut-, “to get a bit burnt”) + *을 (*-ul-, verbal suffix). However, the existence and function of the hypothetical suffix is unclear.


메

First attested in the Sohak eonhae (小學諺解 / 소학언해), 1586, as Middle Korean 뫼 (Yale: mwoy). Compare Middle Chinese 米 (MC mejX) .


심방

From Jeju 심방 (simbang). Doublet of 승방 (seungbang).

(shamanism) initiated priest of the folk religion of Jeju Island


친척

[t͡ɕʰiɲt͡ɕʰʌ̹k̚]


아비

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 아비〮 (Yale: àpí).

Term of address for the speaker's son who is married and has children.


아비

Sino-Korean word from 阿比, from 阿 (“hill”) + 比 (“to compare”).
Wikispecies

ko-etym-sino

(ornithology) a loon or diver; any diving bird of the family Gaviidae


아비

Sino-Korean word from 阿鼻, from 阿 (“hill”) + 鼻 (“nose”).

(Buddhism) a Buddhist hell, one of the eight fiery hells


머리

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 머리〮 (Yale: mèlí).
Also attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 마리〮 (Yale: màlí).
Originally identical to the modern animal classifier 마리 (mari).
Beyond Middle Korean, attested in the twelfth-century Jilin leishi word-list as 麻帝 (má dì) *mati, thus a case of intervocalic lenition. Perhaps cognate with Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆮ (mot, “eldest child”), modern 맏이 (maji).

ko-etym-native

the radical at the top of a Chinese character


중부

one of the five divisions of Seoul during the Joseon Dynasty, 1394-1910


도시

Sino-Korean word from 都市, from 都 (“city/fortress”) + 市 (“city/market”)

ko-etym-Sino

a village serving as the cultural or economic center of a region


중국어

[t͡ɕuŋɡuɡʌ̹]

Sino-Korean word from 中國語, from 中國 (“China”) + 語 (“language”).

The Chinese language, often specifically the written language.


이야기

First attested in the Yeogeo yuhaebo (譯語類解補 / 역어유해보), 1775, as Early Modern Korean 니야기 (Yale: niyaki).

ko-etym-native

난 네가 무슨 이야기를 하는지 모르겠어.

Nan ne-ga museun iyagi-reul haneunji moreugesseo.

제 이야길 한다고 생각했어요.


곳

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 곧 (Yale: kwot). Perhaps from the same root as 골 (gol, “village”), as well as 거리 (geori, “street”). Possibly cognate with the Manchu ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (gurun, “country”).


십

Sino-Korean word from 十 (“ten”), from the Middle Korean reading 십〮 (Yale: síp), from Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip). Cognate with Jeju 십 (sip).

the hanja entry at 十 for Sino-Korean compounds of 십


칼집

[kʰa̠ʎt͡ɕ͈ip̚]

Of native Korean origin. 칼 (kal, “sword”) + ㅅ (-s-, genitive interfix; omitted from the spelling, but this causes the tense phonation of the following consonant) + 집 (jip).


과

the hanja entry at 科 for Sino-Korean compounds of 과

사다샛과


칼

Placename glosses in the Samguk sagi
Samguk Sagi

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 갏〮 (Yale: kálh). The Middle Korean /-h/ may be the remnant of an ancient place-related suffix; see Appendix:Middle Korean h-final nouns. Might be attested in place name glosses of the Samguk Sagi as Old Korean 加尸城 (*kalKUY). Compare Japanese 刈る (karu, “to plow”).

ko-etym-native

갈치

cutlassfish (Trichiuridae), especially silver scabbardfish (Lepidopus caudatus)


다시

Borrowed from Japanese ダッシュ (dasshu), from English dash.


세

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 세〯 (Yale: sěy).
Beyond Middle Korean, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "three" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Three.

학생 세 명

비둘기 세 마리

(native numeral) three (before a noun or classifier)


꽃

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 곶 (Yale: kwòc), from perhaps Proto-Koreanic *kwoco to explain the unusual low pitch on a monosyllabic noun; see Appendix:Koreanic reconstructions for more.
The change to a tense consonant initial occurred as this word ("flower") was frequently used as the second part of a compound noun denoting a specific flower (e.g. 연꽃 (yeonkkot)), in which the connecting genitive ㅅ (-s-) formed a "-sk-" medial cluster with koc, which developed into "-kk-" in Modern Korean. This development in compound nouns was generalised to koc as well.

꽃이 핀다.

꽃 한 송이

꽃 한 다발


거래

Sino-Korean word from 去來, from 去 (“going”) + 來 (“coming”), literally "comings and goings."


송사리

First attested in the Yeogeo yuhaebo (譯語類解補 / 역어유해보), 1775, as Early Modern Korean 숑샤리 (Yale: syongsyali).


몸

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 몸〮 (Yale: mwóm), from earlier Old Korean 身萬 (*MWOma). Possibly related to Proto-Japonic *muy.

우리 몸 속에 있는 기생충의 알

걔는 몸이 좋다.

Geugeo mom-e jo'eun geo-ya.

몸엣것

menstrual blood, menstruation (euphemism)


빨갱이

[p͈a̠ɭɡe̞ŋi]

From 빨갛다 (ppalgata, “red”). Compare Red.


연어

Sino-Korean word from 連語, from 連 (“join”) + 語 (“word”)


分詞

Hanja form of 분사 (“(grammar) participle”).


사이시옷

사이 (sai, “interval”) + 시옷 (siot, Korean letter)

compound

사잇소리 사잇소리#Korean

(linguistics) a Korean morpheme found in many compound words; synonym of 사잇소리 (saitsori)

(linguistics) in South Korean orthography, the Korean letter ㅅ (-s-) when used to write this morpheme


기쁨

Substantive form of the adjective 기쁘다 (gippeuda, “to be happy”).

기쁨에 넘쳐 자신도 모르게 크게 소리치다

to be so overcome with joy that one cries out

gippeum-e neomcheo jasin-do moreuge keuge sorichida


사진

Sino-Korean word from 寫眞, from 寫 (“depict”) + 眞 (“truth”)


아이

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 아ᄒᆡ〮 (Yale: àhóy), from earlier Old Korean 阿孩 (*ahoy). While the word is native, the second syllable was identified already in the 8th-century hyangga poem Anmin-ga with Middle Chinese 孩 (ɦʌi, “child”). Historically, the word was often mistakenly perceived as Sino-Korean, with the spelling 兒孩, a phono-semantic matching. See 아해 (ahae).

ko-etym-native

아이가 무엇을 가지고 놉니까? ― Aiga mueoseul gajigo nomnikka? ― What is a kid playing with?

마침내 새벽이 되어 아이의 이마를 만져보았을 때 그녀는 손바닥에 느껴지는 서늘함에 안도했고, 안방을 나가 거실 베란다로 드는 푸르스름한 박명을 물끄러미 바라보았다.

2007, Han Kang, 채식주의자 [chaesikjuuija, The Vegetarian], 22nd edition, Paju, Republic of Korea: Changbi, published 2016, page 155

When it was finally dawn and she touched the child's forehead, she was relieved at the coolness she felt on her palm. She left the inside room and stared vacantly at the bluish twilight that penetrated the living room veranda.

Machimnae saebyeog-i doeeo ai-ui ima-reul manjeo-boasseul ttae geunyeo-neun sonbadag-e neukkyeojineun seoneulham-e andohaetgo, anbang-eul naga geosil beranda-ro deuneun pureuseureumhan bangmyeong-eul mulkkeureomi baraboatda.

(endearing) Used to refer to objects, typically in casual but polite settings such as when persuading a customer to buy a product.


한자어

[ˈha̠(ː)ɲt͡ɕ͈a̠ʌ̹]

Sino-Korean word from 漢字語, from 漢字 (“Chinese character”) + 語 (“language”).

ko-etym-sino

(linguistics) Sino-Korean words; Korean words etymologically from or influenced by Chinese


산

the hanja entry at 酸 for Sino-Korean compounds of 산


北極

Hanja form of 북극 (“North Pole; Arctic”).


형

→ English: hyung, hyeong

→ Japanese: ヒョン (hyon)

→ Russian: хён (xjon)

(South Korean idol fandom) hyung (older male member of an idol group)


유두

Sino-Korean word from 乳頭, from 乳 (“breast”) + 頭 (“head”)


애

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 애〯 (Yale: ǎy), the original meaning being "internal organs". The original sense has been displaced by Sinitic 창자 (changja), 내장(內臟) (naejang), and the word survives only in certain expressions.

ko-etym-native

너 때문에 애가 탄다
neo ttaemun-e ae-ga tanda
You make me so anxious.

literally, “My insides burn because of you.”

(obsolete, original sense) internal organs, especially the intestines


애

(Buddhism) taṇhā or "craving", one of the pratītyasamutpāda, the source of human unhappiness


애

—애 (canonical)
-ae (romanization)
愛 (hanja)


원

→ English: won

→ Vietnamese: uôn

→ German: Won

→ French: won

→ Japanese: ウォン (won)

→ Russian: вона (vona)

→ Thai: วอน (wɔɔn)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 圓／圆 (yuán, “circle” > “round coin”) referring to the piece of eight (compare Japanese 円 (en), Mandarin 元 (yuán)). Doublet of 엔 (en, “yen (Japanese currency)”) and 위안 (wian, “yuan (Chinese currency)”).

doublet

won; the official currency of South Korea, sign = ₩ (KRW)

won; the official currency of North Korea (KPW)


원

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 圓／圆 (yuán).


치

Sino-Korean word from 癡 (“foolish, stupid”).


치

(mathematics, dated) Synonym of 값 (gap, “value”).


초

the hanja entry at 秒 for Sino-Korean compounds of 초


초

the hanja entry at 初 for Sino-Korean compounds of 초

60년대 초

the early part of a time period; the beginning

Coordinate term: 말(末) (mal, “bottom (of an inning)”)

1회 초


비행기

Sino-Korean word from 飛行機, from 飛行 (“flight”) + 機 (“machine”), itself from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 飛行機 (hikōki).


정치

[t͡ɕʌ̹ŋt͡ɕʰi]

Sino-Korean word from 政治, from 政 (“governmental affairs”) + 治 (“rule”).

ko-etym-Sino

정치란 나라를 다스리는 것을 말한다.

jeongchiran nara-reul daseurineun geos-eul malhanda.


아내

First attested in the Beonyeok sohak (飜譯小學 / 번역소학), 1517, as Middle Korean 안해 (Yale: anhay).
Compare also North Korean 안해 (anhae).

ko-etym-native

Coordinate term: 남편 (nampyeon)

빌은 이제 막 그의 두번째 아내와 결혼했다.

Bir-eun ije mak geu-ui dubeonjjae anae-wa gyeolhonhaetda.

내 동료가 내 아내의 친척이다.

Nae dongnyo-ga nae anae-ui chincheog-ida.


여동생

[jʌ̹do̞ŋsʰɛŋ]

[jʌ̹do̞ŋsʰe̞ŋ]

Sino-Korean word from 女同生, from 女 (“female”) + 同生 (“younger sibling”).

ko-etym-Sino

Coordinate term: 남동생 (namdongsaeng)


남동생

Sino-Korean word from 男同生, from 男 (“male”) + 同生 (“younger sibling”).

Coordinate term: 여동생 (yeodongsaeng)


달다

ko-verb

달다 • (dalda) (infinitive 달아, sequential 다니)

dalda (romanization)
달아 (infinitive)
다니 (sequential)
단다 (formal indicative non-past)
달아 (indicative informal non-past)
달아요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
답니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
달았다 (formal indicative past)
달았어 (indicative informal past)
달았어요 (indicative informal past polite)
달았습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
다느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
달아 (informal interrogative non-past)
달아요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
답니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
달았느냐 (formal interrogative past)
달았어 (informal interrogative past)
달았어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
달았습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
달자 (formal hortative)
달아 (hortative informal)
달아요 (hortative informal polite)
다십시다 (formal hortative polite)
달아라 (formal imperative)
달아 (imperative informal)
달아요 (imperative informal polite)
답시오 (formal imperative polite)
달겠다 (assertive formal)
달겠어 (assertive informal)
달겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
달겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
달아 (causative formal)
달아서 (causative informal)
다니 (causative informal polite)
다니까 (causative formal polite)
달지만 (contrastive formal)
다는데 (contrastive informal)
달더니 (contrastive informal polite)
달고 (conjunctive formal)
달면 (conditional formal)
달아야 (conditional informal)
달려고 (formal motive-form)
닮 (formal noun-from-verb)
달기 (informal noun-from-verb)
달았음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
달았기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
단 (determiner formal past)
다는 (determiner formal present)
달 (determiner formal future)
다신다 (formal indicative non-past)
다셔 (indicative informal non-past)
다세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
다셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
다십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
다셨다 (formal indicative past)
다셨어 (indicative informal past)
다셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
다셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
다시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
다셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
다세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
다셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
다십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
다셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
다셨어 (informal interrogative past)
다셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
다셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
다시라 (formal imperative)
다셔 (imperative informal)
다세요 (imperative informal polite)
다십시오 (formal imperative polite)
다시겠다 (assertive formal)
다시겠어 (assertive informal)
다시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
다시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
다셔 (causative formal)
다셔서 (causative informal)
다시니 (causative informal polite)
다시니까 (causative formal polite)
다시지만 (contrastive formal)
다시는데 (contrastive informal)
다시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
다시고 (conjunctive formal)
다시면 (conditional formal)
다셔야 (conditional informal)
다시려고 (formal motive-form)
다심 (formal noun-from-verb)
다시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
다셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
다셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
다신 (determiner formal past)
다시는 (determiner formal present)
다실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 달다 (Yale: talta).

닳다

(intransitive) to boil down; to wear out


달다

dalda (romanization)
달아 (infinitive)
다니 (sequential)
달다 (formal indicative non-past)
달아 (indicative informal non-past)
달아요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
답니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
달았다 (formal indicative past)
달았어 (indicative informal past)
달았어요 (indicative informal past polite)
달았습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
다냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
달아 (informal interrogative non-past)
달아요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
답니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
달았냐 (formal interrogative past)
달았어 (informal interrogative past)
달았어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
달았습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
달겠다 (assertive formal)
달겠어 (assertive informal)
달겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
달겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
달아 (causative formal)
달아서 (causative informal)
다니 (causative informal polite)
다니까 (causative formal polite)
달지만 (contrastive formal)
단데 (contrastive informal)
달더니 (contrastive informal polite)
달고 (conjunctive formal)
달면 (conditional formal)
달아야 (conditional informal)
닮 (formal noun-from-verb)
달기 (informal noun-from-verb)
달았음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
달았기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
단 (determiner informal present)
달 (determiner future informal)
다시다 (indicative non-past)
다셔 (indicative informal non-past)
다세요 (indicative non-past polite)
다셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
다십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
다셨다 (indicative past)
다셨어 (indicative informal past)
다셨어요 (indicative past polite)
다셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
다시냐 (interrogative non-past)
다셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
다세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
다셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
다십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
다셨냐 (interrogative past)
다셨어 (informal interrogative past)
다셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
다셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
다시겠다 (assertive)
다시겠어 (assertive informal)
다시겠어요 (assertive polite)
다시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
다셔 (causative)
다셔서 (causative informal)
다시니 (causative polite)
다시니까 (causative formal)
다시지만 (contrastive)
다신데 (contrastive informal)
다시더니 (contrastive polite)
다시고 (conjunctive)
다시면 (conditional)
다셔야 (conditional informal)
다심 (noun-from-verb)
다시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
다셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
다셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
다신 (determiner informal present)
다실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆯ다 (Yale: tolta).


희다

ko-adj

희다 • (huida) (infinitive 희어, sequential 희니)

huida (romanization)
희어 (infinitive)
희니 (sequential)
희다 (formal indicative non-past)
희어 (indicative informal non-past)
희어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
흽니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
희었다 (formal indicative past)
희었어 (indicative informal past)
희었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
희었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
희냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
희어 (informal interrogative non-past)
희어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
흽니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
희었냐 (formal interrogative past)
희었어 (informal interrogative past)
희었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
희었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
희겠다 (assertive formal)
희겠어 (assertive informal)
희겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
희겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
희어 (causative formal)
희어서 (causative informal)
희니 (causative informal polite)
희니까 (causative formal polite)
희지만 (contrastive formal)
흰데 (contrastive informal)
희더니 (contrastive informal polite)
희고 (conjunctive formal)
희면 (conditional formal)
희어야 (conditional informal)
흼 (formal noun-from-verb)
희기 (informal noun-from-verb)
희었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
희었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
흰 (determiner informal present)
흴 (determiner future informal)
희시다 (indicative non-past)
희셔 (indicative informal non-past)
희세요 (indicative non-past polite)
희셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
희십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
희셨다 (indicative past)
희셨어 (indicative informal past)
희셨어요 (indicative past polite)
희셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
희시냐 (interrogative non-past)
희셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
희세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
희셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
희십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
희셨냐 (interrogative past)
희셨어 (informal interrogative past)
희셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
희셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
희시겠다 (assertive)
희시겠어 (assertive informal)
희시겠어요 (assertive polite)
희시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
희셔 (causative)
희셔서 (causative informal)
희시니 (causative polite)
희시니까 (causative formal)
희시지만 (contrastive)
희신데 (contrastive informal)
희시더니 (contrastive polite)
희시고 (conjunctive)
희시면 (conditional)
희셔야 (conditional informal)
희심 (noun-from-verb)
희시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
희셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
희셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
희신 (determiner informal present)
희실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄒᆡ〮다〮 (Yale: hóy-tá).


귀고리

귀에 걸면 귀(엣)고리, 코에 걸면 코(엣)고리
gwie geolmyeon gwi(et)gori, ko'e geolmyeon ko(et)gori
As indiscreet as applying a ring to the ear and to the nose alike.


온돌

Sino-Korean word from 溫突/溫堗 (溫突 / 溫堗). Literally "warm stone".

1972, 온돌의열효율향상에관한연구 [A study on improving the thermal efficiency of ondols], College of Engineering, Seoul National University

underfloor heating
underfloor heating#English

ondol, hypocaust (a Korean form of underfloor heating that uses direct heat transfer from wood smoke to the underside of a thick masonry floor)


라크로스

[ɾa̠kxɯɾo̞s͈ɯ]


반도

Sino-Korean word from 半島, from 半 (“half”) + 島 (“island”). Possibly a calque of a Western word such as peninsula or Halbinsel.


보름

초승

the first (day) of the lunar month, new moon

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 보롬〮 (Yale: pwòlwóm). Compare 부르— (bureu-, “(stomach, belly) to be full, inflated”).

ko-l

Clipping of 보름날 (boreumnal, “fifteenth day of the lunar month”).


일본인

Sino-Korean word from 日本人, from 日本 (“Japan”) + 人 (“people”).


일본어

Sino-Korean word from 日本語, from 日本 (“Japan”) + 語 (“language”).


등대

Sino-Korean word from 燈臺, from 燈 (“lantern, lamp”) + 臺 (“tower”)


붉다

ko-adj

붉다 • (bukda) (infinitive 붉어, sequential 붉으니)

bukda (romanization)
붉어 (infinitive)
붉으니 (sequential)
붉다 (formal indicative non-past)
붉어 (indicative informal non-past)
붉어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
붉습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
붉었다 (formal indicative past)
붉었어 (indicative informal past)
붉었어요 (indicative informal past polite)
붉었습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
붉으냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
붉어 (informal interrogative non-past)
붉어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
붉습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
붉었냐 (formal interrogative past)
붉었어 (informal interrogative past)
붉었어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
붉었습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
붉겠다 (assertive formal)
붉겠어 (assertive informal)
붉겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
붉겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
붉어 (causative formal)
붉어서 (causative informal)
붉으니 (causative informal polite)
붉으니까 (causative formal polite)
붉지만 (contrastive formal)
붉은데 (contrastive informal)
붉더니 (contrastive informal polite)
붉고 (conjunctive formal)
붉으면 (conditional formal)
붉어야 (conditional informal)
붉음 (formal noun-from-verb)
붉기 (informal noun-from-verb)
붉었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
붉었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
붉은 (determiner informal present)
붉을 (determiner future informal)
붉으시다 (indicative non-past)
붉으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
붉으세요 (indicative non-past polite)
붉으셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
붉으십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
붉으셨다 (indicative past)
붉으셨어 (indicative informal past)
붉으셨어요 (indicative past polite)
붉으셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
붉으시냐 (interrogative non-past)
붉으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
붉으세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
붉으셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
붉으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
붉으셨냐 (interrogative past)
붉으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
붉으셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
붉으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
붉으시겠다 (assertive)
붉으시겠어 (assertive informal)
붉으시겠어요 (assertive polite)
붉으시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
붉으셔 (causative)
붉으셔서 (causative informal)
붉으시니 (causative polite)
붉으시니까 (causative formal)
붉으시지만 (contrastive)
붉으신데 (contrastive informal)
붉으시더니 (contrastive polite)
붉으시고 (conjunctive)
붉으시면 (conditional)
붉으셔야 (conditional informal)
붉으심 (noun-from-verb)
붉으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
붉으셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
붉으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
붉으신 (determiner informal present)
붉으실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 븕다〮 (Yale: pùlk-tá). Ablaut form: 밝다 (bakda, “to be bright”).
Believed to have been derived from 불 (bul, “fire”) at some earlier stage of the language (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 180). Compare 묽다 (mukda, “watery”) < 물 (mul, “water”).
Beyond Korean, compare Manchu ᡶᡠᠯᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (fulgiyan, “red”).

ko-etym-native

붉다:

아마도, 오랫동안 칠이 되지 않은 붉은 벽돌의 표면은 여기저기 조금 더 박편이 떨어져 나갔을 것이다.

1900, Charles W. Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars

Perhaps the surface of the red brick, long unpainted, had scaled off a little more here and there.

Amado, oraetdong'an chir-i doe-ji aneun bulgeun byeokdor-ui pyomyeon-eun yeogijeogi jogeum deo bakpyeon-i tteoreojeo nagasseul geos-ida.


고리짝

wickerwork (especially, a vessel such as a basket, trunk, or a chest made of wicker)


피

First attested in the Worin cheon'gangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 피〮 (Yale: phí).


낯

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆾ (Yale: nòch). In Seoul Korean, largely displaced by 얼굴 (eolgul), which originally meant "appearance" in general but narrowed to "face" in the eighteenth century.

Neu nat ssikkeonna?

웃는 낯에 침을 뱉다

(less common or dialectal) face; countenance


낫

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 낟〮 (Yale: nát). Possibly related to 날 (nal, “blade, edge”).
Possibly cognate with Japanese 鉈 (nata, “hatchet”).


궁둥이

First attested in the Magyeong chojip eonhae (馬經抄集諺解 / 마경초집언해), 1623~1649, as Early Modern Korean 궁동이 (Yale: kwungtwong.i).


낮

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 낮〮 (Yale: nác). Related to 날 (nal, “day, time”).

낮 열두 시에


엉덩이

[ˈɘ(ː)ŋdʌ̹ŋi]

First attested in the Gukhan hoehwa (國韓會話 / 국한회화), 1895, as Early Modern Korean 엉덩이 (Yale: engtengi).


바

그는 바를 아슬아슬하게 넘어 우승을 차지했다.

geuneun bareul aseuraseulhage neomeo useung'eul chajihaetda.

(sports) bar (horizontal pole that must be crossed in high jump and pole vault)

(sports) bar; crossbar (top of the goal structure)

(music) bar (a vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections)


바

Via a European language, ultimately from Latin famuli.

≈ 파 (pa)

바장조

올림바음


녀

Coordinate term: 남(男) (nam, “man; male”)

North Korea standard spelling of 여(女) (yeo, “woman; female”).


라

From English la or some other European language.


라

From English Ra or some other European language.

(Egyptian mythology) [~신(神)] Ra, the Egyptian sun god


되

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 되 (Yale: twoy). Alteration of 두 (斗, du).

(units of measure) A unit of volume equivalent to about 1.8 L.


타

Short for 타수(打數) (tasu, “(baseball) official at-bat”).

Short for 타수(打數) (tasu, “(golf) stroke”).


타

(nautical) rudder or helm (of a boat or ship)

the hanja entry at 舵 for Sino-Korean compounds of 타


계

—계 (canonical)
-gye (romanization)
界 (hanja)


아

Sino-Korean word from 我, from the Middle Korean reading 아〯 (Yale: ǎ), from Middle Chinese 我 (MC ngaX).

歷(역)史(사)란 무엇인가? 人(인)類(류) 社(사)會(회)의 我(아)와 非(비)我(아)의 鬪(투)爭(쟁)[…]
Yeoksa-ran mueos-in'ga? Illyu sahoe-ui a-wa bia-ui tujaeng […]

1931, Sin Chaeho, 신채호(申采浩), “總(총)論(론) [Introduction]”, in 朝(조)鮮(선)上(상)古(고)史(사) (Joseon sanggosa) [Ancient history of Korea]

What is meant by the word "history"? [It is the record of] the fight between the "ego" and the "non-ego" of human society [that has] […]

(literary, philosophy) the ego; the self


똥구멍

[t͈o̞ŋk͈umʌ̹ŋ]

From 똥 (ttong, “shit, feces”) + 구멍 (gumeong, “hole”).


밥

A transliteration of the English male given name diminutive Bob


사튀로스

[sʰa̠tʰɥiɾo̞sʰɯ]


옴

Of native Korean origin. Probably cognate with Korean 움 (um, “bud”).

옴 덕에 보지 긁는다. 사타구니 긁다 보지 긁는다.
Om deog-e boji geungneunda. Sataguni geukda boji geungneunda.
Scabies justify her to scratch her pubes. She scratches her pubes as well as her itchy thigh.


떡

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄯᅥᆨ〮 (Yale: sték). Japanese 粢(しとぎ) (shitogi, “sacrificial Shinto rice cake”) is often given as a Koreanic borrowing into Japanese; also compare Ainu シト (sito, “dumpling made from rice or millet”).


옷

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 옷〮 (Yale: wós).

ko-etym-native

옷을 벗다

옷을 입다

옷이 날개다.

The better dressed, the brighter looking. (literally, “clothing is a wing.”)

할머니께서는 집을 나설 때마다 나의 옷을 여미어 주시고는 하였다.

My grandmother would straighten my clothes for me every time [I] left the house.

Halmeoni-kkeseo-neun jib-eul naseol ttae-mada na-ui os-eul yeomieo jusi-goneun hayeotda.


교실

Sino-Korean word from 敎室, from 敎 (“teach”) + 室 (“room”)


아줌마

→ Cantonese: 阿珠媽／阿珠妈 (aa³ zyu¹ maa¹)

desc

→ English: ajumma, ahjumma, ajooma, ajoomma, ajuma, ahjuma

→ Japanese: アジュンマ (ajunma), アジュマ (ajuma)

→ Mandarin: 阿珠媽／阿珠妈 (āzhūmā)


아저씨

→ English: ahjussi, ahjushi, ajussi, ajushi, ajeossi, ajeoshi

→ Japanese: アジョシ (ajoshi), アジョッシ (ajosshi)

→ Mandarin: 阿加西 (ājiāxī), 阿扎西 (āzhāxī), 阿澤西／阿泽西 (āzéxī)

[a̠d͡ʑʌ̹ɕ͈i]

First attested in the Hanbul jajeon (韓佛字典 / 한불자전), 1880, as Early Modern Korean 아자씨 (Yale: acassi).


바늘겨레

[pa̠nɯɭɡjʌ̹ɾe̞]


김치

Nativisation of the Sino-Korean term 침채 (沈菜, chimchae, “soaked vegetables”). First attested in the Hunmong jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527, as Middle Korean 딤ᄎᆡ (Yale: timchoy).
In most dialects, Middle Korean 딤ᄎᆡ (Yale: timchoy) was regularly palatalized to 짐츼 (jimchui), whence modern southern dialectal 짐치 (jimchi). However, southern Korean dialects also palatalized /ki/ to /t͡ɕi/, which the Seoul prestige dialect did not. Seoul speakers hence hypercorrected 짐츼 (jimchui) to 김츼 (gimchui) to avoid sounding "southern", whence modern Standard 김치 (gimchi).
This word displaced the older Middle Korean term 디히〮 (Yale: tìhí) (whence 지 (ji), now only used in compound words and the southwestern Jeolla dialect), probably because regular sound change rendered it monosyllabic and caused it to have a large number of homophones.


맛

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 맛 (Yale: mas). From Old Korean 味次 (*MAc). Possibly cognate with Old Chinese 味 (OC *mɯds, “taste”).

맛이 있다

수프 맛이 어떻습니까?


맛

Of native Korean origin. Compare Japanese 蟶 (mate, “razor clam”).


실내악

[ɕʰiɭɭɛa̠k̚]

[ɕʰiɭɭe̞a̠k̚]


침실

[ˈt͡ɕʰi(ː)mɕʰiɭ]

한 각경 뒤, 캄캄한 신돈의 침실 밖에 계집 하인 하나가 어쩔줄 모르고 망설이고 있었다.

1941, Kim Dong-in, The Sunset of the King's Mansion (왕부의 낙조)

After about 15 minutes, a servant girl who in outside the Sin Don's dark bedroom was so hesitate that she didn't know what to do.

han gakgyeong dwi, kamkamhan sindonui chimsil bakke gyejip hain hanaga eojjeoljul moreugo mangseorigo isseotda.


유신론

삼위일체론(三位一體論)

trinitarianism, Trinity, Holy Trinity (of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit)

영혼불멸설(靈魂不滅說)

the doctrine of the immortality of the soul

예정설(豫定說)

(especially Calvinism) predeterminism, predestination (a sort of determinism, hence the contradiction with the mainstream theology based on libertarianism and indeterminism)


무신론

자유의지론

free will, libertarianism (Libertarianism)

소극적/적극적 무신론

내포적/외연적 무신론

온건한/강경한 무신론


이응

Coined at 1527 as 異凝 in Hunmongjahoe (訓蒙字會, Introductions of the Letters for Youth), written by Choe Sejin. Originally it was the name for obsolete consonant ㆁ(ng), which is now lost its sound at initial and replaced by consonant ㅇ, which originally referred no sound at initial and was named 이(伊; i) on same book. Each Sino-korean letter is used only for showing Korean pronunciation, as Sino-korean 異 has the initial ㅇ in its pronunciation, and 凝 has the final ㅇ.

ieung - the name of the eighth jamo, ㅇ (') in hangeul.


왕

Sino-Korean word from 王, from the Middle Korean reading 와ᇰ (Yale: wàng).

the hanja entry at 王 for Sino-Korean compounds of 왕


받침

→ English: batchim

→ Japanese: パッチム (patchimu)

→ Russian: патчи́м (patčím)

Of native Korean origin. Substantive form of 받치— (batchi-, “to uphold”), formed with the suffix —ㅁ (-m).

(language) batchim, a consonant or consonant cluster in the final position of hangeul orthography, e.g. the consonants ㄷ and ㅁ in the word 받침; the coda


조선말

[t͡ɕo̞sʰʌ̹nma̠ɭ]

조선 (朝鮮, Joseon, “Korea”) + 말 (mal, “speech”)

이 연변 사람 다 자구배란 말이오. 이 ^조선말으 다 잘 아는 게 없고 한족말두 잘 아는 게 없고. (Yukjin)
I ^yeonbyeon saram da jagubae-ran mar-i-o. I ^joseonmar-eu da jal aneun ge eopgo ^hanjongmal-du jal aneun ge eopgo.

2019, 곽충구 [gwakchunggu, Kwak Chung-gu], 두만강 유역의 조선어 방언 사전 [duman'gang yuyeogui joseoneo bang'eon sajeon, Dictionary of Korean Dialects of the Tumen River Area], volume II, Taehaksa, page 2833

All these people in Yanbian are culturally mixed. They don't know Korean well, and they don't know Chinese well either.

(North Korea, Yanbian, Japan, dated in South Korea, somewhat uncommon in Koryo-mar) the Korean language


모음

Sino-Korean word from 母音, from 母 (“mother”) + 音 (“sound”), Japanese 母音 (boin)


암실

a darkroom (a dark room, where photographs are developed)


한국말

From 한국(韓國) (han'guk, “Korea”) + 말 (mal, “speech; language”).

af

(South Korea, colloquial) the Korean language


일신론

Sino-Korean word from 一神論 (“monotheism”)


범재신론

beomjaesillon (romanization)
汎在神論 (hanja)

[pʌ̹md͡ʑɛɕʰiɭɭo̞n]

[pʌ̹md͡ʑe̞ɕʰiɭɭo̞n]


다신론

Sino-Korean word from 多神論, from 多 (“many”) + 神 (“god”) + 論 (“doctrine”)


햄버거

[he̞mbʌ̹ɡʌ̹]


재즈

[t͡ɕ͈e̞d͡ʑɯ]


텔레비전

[tʰe̞ɭɭe̞bid͡ʑʌ̹n]

From English television, from French télévision.

National Institute of the Korean Language


삼성

Sino-Korean word from 三聖, from 三 (“three”) + 聖 (“sage”). Literally "the Three Sages."

[sʰa̠msʰʌ̹ŋ]

Various groupings of famous Chinese sages; frequently Lao Tzu, Confucius, and Yan Hui.


시옷

Coined at 1527 as 時衣 in Hunmongjahoe(訓蒙字會, Introductions of the Letters for Youth), written by Choe Sejin. Each Sino-korean letter is used only for showing Korean pronunciation, as Sino-korean 時 has the initial ㅅ in its pronunciation, and the meaning of 衣(옷) has the final ㅅ.

siot - the name of the seventh jamo, ㅅ (s) in hangeul.


된소리

Of native Korean origin. From 되다 (doeda, “strong”) + 소리 (sori, “sound”).

(phonetics) a fortis; any of the doubled jamo (ㄲ (kk), ㄸ (tt), ㅃ (pp), ㅆ (ss), or ㅉ (jj))


자음

Sino-Korean word from 子音, from 子 (“child”) + 音 (“sound”), Japanese 子音 (shiin).


연필

yeonpil (romanization)
자루 (counter)
鉛筆 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 鉛筆, from 鉛 (“lead”) + 筆 (“writing brush”), an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 鉛筆(えんぴつ) (enpitsu).


문법

Sino-Korean word from 文法, from 文 (“writing”) + 法 (“law”), with compound/genitive tensing applied.


학교

Sino-Korean word from 學校, from 學 (“learn”) + 校 (“school”)

ko-etym-Sino

우리가 학교에 다녔을 때 이래로

since we went to school; since schooldays


할머님

Coordinate term: 할아버님 (harabeonim)

honorific of 할머니 (halmeoni, “grandmother”)


오라버님

오라버니 (orabeoni, “older brother of a female”) + 님 (-nim, “honorific suffix”).

suffix

오라버니 오라버니#Korean

honorific of 오라버니 (orabeoni, “older brother of a female”)


오라버니

Shortened from 오라비 (orabi, “brother of a female”) + 님 (-nim, honorific).

(dated) formal variant of 오빠 (oppa) ("elder brother of a female")


공부

(historical politics) The imperial Chinese Ministry of Works from the Tang to Qing dynasties

(historical politics) the Korean ministry of Works of Goryeo Kingdom


누님

From 누이 (nu'i, “sister of a male”) + 님 (-nim, “honorific suffix”).

Coordinate term: 형님 (hyeongnim)

Honorific of 누나 (nuna, “older sister of a male”).


형님

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Beonyeok nogeoldae (飜譯老乞大 / 번역노걸대), 1517, as Middle Korean 형님 (Yale: hyeng-nim). The word itself is first attested in the mixed script form as 兄님〯 (Yale: HYENG-nǐm) in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447.
From 형(兄) (hyeong, “older brother of a male”) + 님 (-nim, honorific suffix).

lang

(釋譜詳節 / 석보상절)

(釋譜詳節 / 석보상절)

suffix

Coordinate term: 누님 (nunim)

honorific of 형(兄) (hyeong, “older brother of a male”)

(of a male) wife's older brother (a type of brother-in-law)

(of a male) wife's older sister's husband (a type of co-brother-in-law)

(of a female) husband’s older sister (a type of sister-in-law)

(of a female) husband’s older brother’s wife (a type of co-sister-in-law)


진지

First attested in the Sohak eonhae (小學諺解 / 소학언해), 1586, as Middle Korean 진〯지〮 (Yale: cǐncí).

ko-etym-native

진지는 잡수셨나요?


진지

진지를 구축하다


녹색

Sino-Korean word from 綠色, from 綠 (“green”) + 色 (“color”)

ko-etym-sino

녹색:


자다

ko-verb

자다 • (jada) (infinitive 자, sequential 자니)

jada (romanization)
자 (infinitive)
자니 (sequential)
잔다 (formal indicative non-past)
자 (indicative informal non-past)
자요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
잡니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
잤다 (formal indicative past)
잤어 (indicative informal past)
잤어요 (indicative informal past polite)
잤습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
자느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
자 (informal interrogative non-past)
자요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
잡니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
잤느냐 (formal interrogative past)
잤어 (informal interrogative past)
잤어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
잤습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
자자 (formal hortative)
자 (hortative informal)
자요 (hortative informal polite)
자십시다 (formal hortative polite)
자라 (formal imperative)
자 (imperative informal)
자요 (imperative informal polite)
잡시오 (formal imperative polite)
자겠다 (assertive formal)
자겠어 (assertive informal)
자겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
자겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
자 (causative formal)
자서 (causative informal)
자니 (causative informal polite)
자니까 (causative formal polite)
자지만 (contrastive formal)
자는데 (contrastive informal)
자더니 (contrastive informal polite)
자고 (conjunctive formal)
자면 (conditional formal)
자야 (conditional informal)
자려고 (formal motive-form)
잠 (formal noun-from-verb)
자기 (informal noun-from-verb)
잤음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
잤기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
잔 (determiner formal past)
자는 (determiner formal present)
잘 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 자다〮 (Yale: cà-tá). Perhaps related to 졸다 (jolda, “to doze; to be sleepy”).

ko-etym-native

Neo gyae-rang jasseo?

(intransitive, euphemistic) to sleep (with)


형용사

hyeong'yongsa (romanization)
形容詞 (hanja)

[çʌ̹ŋjoŋsʰa̠]


바이러스

[pa̠iɾʌ̹s͈ɯ]


수단

→ English: sudan

sudan (traditional Korean punch, made from boiled rice flour cakes and honeyed water, often consumed on holidays)


버스

버스가 온다.


빨갛다

ko-adj

빨갛다 • (ppalgata) (irregular, infinitive 빨개, sequential 빨가니)

ppalgata (romanization)
빨개 (infinitive)
빨가니 (sequential)
빨갛다 (formal indicative non-past)
빨개 (indicative informal non-past)
빨개요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
빨갛습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
빨갰다 (formal indicative past)
빨갰어 (indicative informal past)
빨갰어요 (indicative informal past polite)
빨갰습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
빨가냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
빨개 (informal interrogative non-past)
빨개요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
빨갛습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
빨갰냐 (formal interrogative past)
빨갰어 (informal interrogative past)
빨갰어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
빨갰습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
빨갛겠다 (assertive formal)
빨갛겠어 (assertive informal)
빨갛겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
빨갛겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
빨개 (causative formal)
빨개서 (causative informal)
빨가니 (causative informal polite)
빨가니까 (causative formal polite)
빨갛지만 (contrastive formal)
빨간데 (contrastive informal)
빨갛더니 (contrastive informal polite)
빨갛고 (conjunctive formal)
빨가면 (conditional formal)
빨개야 (conditional informal)
빨감 (formal noun-from-verb)
빨갛기 (informal noun-from-verb)
빨갰음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
빨갰기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
빨간 (determiner informal present)
빨갈 (determiner future informal)
빨가시다 (indicative non-past)
빨가셔 (indicative informal non-past)
빨가세요 (indicative non-past polite)
빨가셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
빨가십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
빨가셨다 (indicative past)
빨가셨어 (indicative informal past)
빨가셨어요 (indicative past polite)
빨가셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
빨가시냐 (interrogative non-past)
빨가셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
빨가세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
빨가셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
빨가십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
빨가셨냐 (interrogative past)
빨가셨어 (informal interrogative past)
빨가셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
빨가셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
빨가시겠다 (assertive)
빨가시겠어 (assertive informal)
빨가시겠어요 (assertive polite)
빨가시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
빨가셔 (causative)
빨가셔서 (causative informal)
빨가시니 (causative polite)
빨가시니까 (causative formal)
빨가시지만 (contrastive)
빨가신데 (contrastive informal)
빨가시더니 (contrastive polite)
빨가시고 (conjunctive)
빨가시면 (conditional)
빨가셔야 (conditional informal)
빨가심 (noun-from-verb)
빨가시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
빨가셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
빨가셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
빨가신 (determiner informal present)
빨가실 (determiner future informal)

[p͈a̠ɭɡa̠tʰa̠]

Of native Korean origin. The tense form of 발갛다 (balgata). Cognate with Jeju 빨강ᄒᆞ다 (ppalganghawda).


단위

Sino-Korean word from 單位 (“unit”), from an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 単位 (tan'i).

obor

단위 명사
danwi myeongsa
counter noun (a type of 의존 명사 (uijon myeongsa, “dependent noun”))


고유

Sino-Korean word from 固有 (“characteristic of, innate, intrinsic, inherent”). Cognate with Japanese 固有(こゆう) (koyū, “characteristic of, particular to”).

ja-r

고유 명사 ― goyu myeongsa ― proper noun

(grammar) the identity of a particular person; the characteristic of an ethnic group


의존

Sino-Korean word from 依存, from 依 (“rely on”) + 存 (“exist”)

ko-etym-Sino

uijonmyeongsa

a dependent noun; a noun that cannot appear alone, but requires a preceding determiner, verb, or adjective

(grammar, of a noun) dependence on a modifier


수사

수사를 벌이다


수사

Sino-Korean word from 手寫, from 手 (“hand”) + 寫 (“copying”).


조사

founder (of a school of learning, or sect of Buddhism or Daoism)


전화

Sino-Korean word from 戰火, from 戰 (“war, battle”) + 火 (“fire”).


전화

Sino-Korean word from 戰禍, from 戰 (“war, battle”) + 禍 (“disaster, calamity”)


전화

Sino-Korean word from 電化, from 電 (“electricity”) + 化 (“conversion”).


해라체

→ Jeju: ᄒᆞ라체 (hawrache) (calque)

[ˈhɛ(ː)ɾa̠t͡ɕʰe̞]

[ˈhe̞(ː)ɾa̠t͡ɕʰe̞]

From 해라 (haera, formal, non-polite imperative of 하다 (hada, “to do”)) + 체(體) (che, “style”).

compound

formal, non-polite imperative of <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">하다</i> (hada, “to do”)

(grammar, linguistics) The formal, non-polite speech level in Korean.


바둑

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 바독〮 (Yale: pàtwók).
While not perceived as a compound by any modern speakers, most likely originally 밭 (Yale: pàth, “cultivated field”) + *돍〯 (Yale: twǒlk, “stone”, presumed dialectal variant of Seoul 돓〯 (twǒlh, “stone”) whence modern dialectal 독 (dok, “stone”)), in reference to the checkerboard lines resembling a ploughed field and the stones used to play the game (Martin 1996, p. 36). Other etymologies for the first element have been speculatively offered but are not plausible.

okm-inline

(board games) the game of Go (an ancient East Asian board game based on surrounding the opponent's territory)

(go) go stone (the black-and-white stones used in the game of Go)


가파르다

ko-adj

가파르다 • (gapareuda) (infinitive 가팔라, sequential 가파르니)

gapareuda (romanization)
가팔라 (infinitive)
가파르니 (sequential)
가파르다 (formal indicative non-past)
가팔라 (indicative informal non-past)
가팔라요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
가파릅니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
가팔랐다 (formal indicative past)
가팔랐어 (indicative informal past)
가팔랐어요 (indicative informal past polite)
가팔랐습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
가파르냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
가팔라 (informal interrogative non-past)
가팔라요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
가파릅니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
가팔랐냐 (formal interrogative past)
가팔랐어 (informal interrogative past)
가팔랐어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
가팔랐습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
가파르겠다 (assertive formal)
가파르겠어 (assertive informal)
가파르겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
가파르겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
가팔라 (causative formal)
가팔라서 (causative informal)
가파르니 (causative informal polite)
가파르니까 (causative formal polite)
가파르지만 (contrastive formal)
가파른데 (contrastive informal)
가파르더니 (contrastive informal polite)
가파르고 (conjunctive formal)
가파르면 (conditional formal)
가팔라야 (conditional informal)
가파름 (formal noun-from-verb)
가파르기 (informal noun-from-verb)
가팔랐음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
가팔랐기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
가파른 (determiner informal present)
가파를 (determiner future informal)
가파르시다 (indicative non-past)
가파르셔 (indicative informal non-past)
가파르세요 (indicative non-past polite)
가파르셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
가파르십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
가파르셨다 (indicative past)
가파르셨어 (indicative informal past)
가파르셨어요 (indicative past polite)
가파르셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
가파르시냐 (interrogative non-past)
가파르셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
가파르세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
가파르셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
가파르십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
가파르셨냐 (interrogative past)
가파르셨어 (informal interrogative past)
가파르셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
가파르셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
가파르시겠다 (assertive)
가파르시겠어 (assertive informal)
가파르시겠어요 (assertive polite)
가파르시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
가파르셔 (causative)
가파르셔서 (causative informal)
가파르시니 (causative polite)
가파르시니까 (causative formal)
가파르시지만 (contrastive)
가파르신데 (contrastive informal)
가파르시더니 (contrastive polite)
가파르시고 (conjunctive)
가파르시면 (conditional)
가파르셔야 (conditional informal)
가파르심 (noun-from-verb)
가파르시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
가파르셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
가파르셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
가파르신 (determiner informal present)
가파르실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Yeogeo yuhae (譯語類解 / 역어유해), 1690, as Early Modern Korean 가ᄑᆞᄅᆞ다 (Yale: kapholota).


장기

Sino-Korean word from 臟器 (“internal organ”).


가르치다

ko-verb

가르치다 • (gareuchida) (infinitive 가르쳐 or 가르치어, sequential 가르치니)

gareuchida (romanization)
가르쳐 (infinitive)
가르치어 (infinitive)
가르치니 (sequential)
가르친다 (formal indicative non-past)
가르쳐 (indicative informal non-past)
가르쳐요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
가르치어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
가르칩니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
가르쳤다 (formal indicative past)
가르쳤어 (indicative informal past)
가르쳤어요 (indicative informal past polite)
가르쳤습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
가르치느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
가르쳐 (informal interrogative non-past)
가르쳐요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
가르치어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
가르칩니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
가르쳤느냐 (formal interrogative past)
가르쳤어 (informal interrogative past)
가르쳤어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
가르쳤습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
가르치자 (formal hortative)
가르쳐 (hortative informal)
가르쳐요 (hortative informal polite)
가르치어요 (hortative informal polite)
가르치십시다 (formal hortative polite)
가르쳐라 (formal imperative)
가르치어라 (formal imperative)
가르쳐 (imperative informal)
가르쳐요 (imperative informal polite)
가르치어요 (imperative informal polite)
가르칩시오 (formal imperative polite)
가르치겠다 (assertive formal)
가르치겠어 (assertive informal)
가르치겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
가르치겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
가르쳐 (causative formal)
가르쳐서 (causative informal)
가르치어서 (causative informal)
가르치니 (causative informal polite)
가르치니까 (causative formal polite)
가르치지만 (contrastive formal)
가르치는데 (contrastive informal)
가르치더니 (contrastive informal polite)
가르치고 (conjunctive formal)
가르치면 (conditional formal)
가르쳐야 (conditional informal)
가르치어야 (conditional informal)
가르치려고 (formal motive-form)
가르침 (formal noun-from-verb)
가르치기 (informal noun-from-verb)
가르쳤음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
가르치었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
가르쳤기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
가르치었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
가르친 (determiner formal past)
가르치는 (determiner formal present)
가르칠 (determiner formal future)
가르치신다 (formal indicative non-past)
가르치셔 (indicative informal non-past)
가르치세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
가르치셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
가르치십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
가르치셨다 (formal indicative past)
가르치셨어 (indicative informal past)
가르치셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
가르치셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
가르치시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
가르치셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
가르치세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
가르치셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
가르치십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
가르치셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
가르치셨어 (informal interrogative past)
가르치셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
가르치셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
가르치시라 (formal imperative)
가르치셔 (imperative informal)
가르치세요 (imperative informal polite)
가르치십시오 (formal imperative polite)
가르치시겠다 (assertive formal)
가르치시겠어 (assertive informal)
가르치시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
가르치시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
가르치셔 (causative formal)
가르치셔서 (causative informal)
가르치시니 (causative informal polite)
가르치시니까 (causative formal polite)
가르치시지만 (contrastive formal)
가르치시는데 (contrastive informal)
가르치시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
가르치시고 (conjunctive formal)
가르치시면 (conditional formal)
가르치셔야 (conditional informal)
가르치시려고 (formal motive-form)
가르치심 (formal noun-from-verb)
가르치시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
가르치셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
가르치셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
가르치신 (determiner formal past)
가르치시는 (determiner formal present)
가르치실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᄅᆞ치〮다〮 (Yale: kòlòchítá), meaning "to point; to teach," likely because teachers historically used pointing as a method of instruction. The semantic division of this verb occurred during Middle Korean, and 가르치다 no longer carries the sense of "to point." It may also be linked to the word 가락 (garak, “a thin, long object; finger”).

ko-l

이 분은 수학을 가르치는 선생님입니다.

This person is a teacher who teaches math.

i bun-eun suhag-eul gareuchineun seonsaengnim-imnida.


우리말

우리 (uri, “our, my”) + 말 (mal, “language; speech”)


가수

Sino-Korean word from 歌手, from 歌 (“song”) + 手 (“talent”)


고려

→ English: Goryeo， → English: Korea

→ Japanese: 高(こう)麗(らい) (Kōrai)

→ Russian: Корё (Korjó)

고려대학교


태양

Sino-Korean word from 太陽, from 太 (“great”) + 陽 (“yang, sun, light”).


용언

체용(體用)

Substance and Function in East Asian philosophy

Sino-Korean word from 用言, an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 用言 (yōgen).

obor

(grammar) inflected/declinable word, verbal stem (in Korean or Japanese)


목적어

[mo̞k̚t͡ɕ͈ʌ̹ɡʌ̹]

From 목적 (目的, mokjeok, “purpose, object”) + 어 (語, eo, “language”).

직접 목적어 ― jikjeop mokjeogeo ― direct object

간접 목적어 ― ganjeop mokjeogeo ― indirect object


서술

Sino-Korean word from 敍述, from 敍 (“to express, to narrate, to state”) + 述 (“to express, to narrate, to state”)

ko-etym-sino

서술부어

sentence predicate (literally, "predication part")


주어

Sino-Korean word from 主語, from 主 (“chief”) + 語 (“word”)


목차

Sino-Korean word from 目次, from 目 (“eye”) + 次 (“second”)


파랗다

ko-adj

파랗다 • (parata) (irregular, infinitive 파래, sequential 파라니)

parata (romanization)
파래 (infinitive)
파라니 (sequential)
파랗다 (formal indicative non-past)
파래 (indicative informal non-past)
파래요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
파랗습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
파랬다 (formal indicative past)
파랬어 (indicative informal past)
파랬어요 (indicative informal past polite)
파랬습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
파라냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
파래 (informal interrogative non-past)
파래요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
파랗습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
파랬냐 (formal interrogative past)
파랬어 (informal interrogative past)
파랬어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
파랬습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
파랗겠다 (assertive formal)
파랗겠어 (assertive informal)
파랗겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
파랗겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
파래 (causative formal)
파래서 (causative informal)
파라니 (causative informal polite)
파라니까 (causative formal polite)
파랗지만 (contrastive formal)
파란데 (contrastive informal)
파랗더니 (contrastive informal polite)
파랗고 (conjunctive formal)
파라면 (conditional formal)
파래야 (conditional informal)
파람 (formal noun-from-verb)
파랗기 (informal noun-from-verb)
파랬음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
파랬기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
파란 (determiner informal present)
파랄 (determiner future informal)
파라시다 (indicative non-past)
파라셔 (indicative informal non-past)
파라세요 (indicative non-past polite)
파라셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
파라십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
파라셨다 (indicative past)
파라셨어 (indicative informal past)
파라셨어요 (indicative past polite)
파라셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
파라시냐 (interrogative non-past)
파라셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
파라세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
파라셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
파라십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
파라셨냐 (interrogative past)
파라셨어 (informal interrogative past)
파라셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
파라셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
파라시겠다 (assertive)
파라시겠어 (assertive informal)
파라시겠어요 (assertive polite)
파라시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
파라셔 (causative)
파라셔서 (causative informal)
파라시니 (causative polite)
파라시니까 (causative formal)
파라시지만 (contrastive)
파라신데 (contrastive informal)
파라시더니 (contrastive polite)
파라시고 (conjunctive)
파라시면 (conditional)
파라셔야 (conditional informal)
파라심 (noun-from-verb)
파라시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
파라셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
파라셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
파라신 (determiner informal present)
파라실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 파〮라ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: phálà-hòtá). Formed as a compound of the root *pA/E/Ur- ("blue-green") (e.g., 푸르— (pureu-, “to be blue or green”)) + 하— (ha-).

ko-etym-native

하늘이 파랗다.


경

—경 (canonical)
-gyeong (romanization)
頃 (hanja)

5시경


경

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.


짜다

ko-adj

짜다 • (jjada) (infinitive 짜, sequential 짜니)

jjada (romanization)
짜 (infinitive)
짜니 (sequential)
짜다 (formal indicative non-past)
짜 (indicative informal non-past)
짜요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
짭니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
짰다 (formal indicative past)
짰어 (indicative informal past)
짰어요 (indicative informal past polite)
짰습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
짜냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
짜 (informal interrogative non-past)
짜요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
짭니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
짰냐 (formal interrogative past)
짰어 (informal interrogative past)
짰어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
짰습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
짜겠다 (assertive formal)
짜겠어 (assertive informal)
짜겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
짜겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
짜 (causative formal)
짜서 (causative informal)
짜니 (causative informal polite)
짜니까 (causative formal polite)
짜지만 (contrastive formal)
짠데 (contrastive informal)
짜더니 (contrastive informal polite)
짜고 (conjunctive formal)
짜면 (conditional formal)
짜야 (conditional informal)
짬 (formal noun-from-verb)
짜기 (informal noun-from-verb)
짰음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
짰기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
짠 (determiner informal present)
짤 (determiner future informal)
짜시다 (indicative non-past)
짜셔 (indicative informal non-past)
짜세요 (indicative non-past polite)
짜셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
짜십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
짜셨다 (indicative past)
짜셨어 (indicative informal past)
짜셨어요 (indicative past polite)
짜셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
짜시냐 (interrogative non-past)
짜셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
짜세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
짜셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
짜십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
짜셨냐 (interrogative past)
짜셨어 (informal interrogative past)
짜셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
짜셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
짜시겠다 (assertive)
짜시겠어 (assertive informal)
짜시겠어요 (assertive polite)
짜시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
짜셔 (causative)
짜셔서 (causative informal)
짜시니 (causative polite)
짜시니까 (causative formal)
짜시지만 (contrastive)
짜신데 (contrastive informal)
짜시더니 (contrastive polite)
짜시고 (conjunctive)
짜시면 (conditional)
짜셔야 (conditional informal)
짜심 (noun-from-verb)
짜시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
짜셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
짜셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
짜신 (determiner informal present)
짜실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄧᆞ〮다〮 (Yale: pcó-tá).

ko-etym-native

(of taste or flavour) to be salty, to be saline


까맣다

ko-adj

까맣다 • (kkamata) (irregular, infinitive 까매, sequential 까마니)

kkamata (romanization)
까매 (infinitive)
까마니 (sequential)
까맣다 (formal indicative non-past)
까매 (indicative informal non-past)
까매요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
까맣습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
까맸다 (formal indicative past)
까맸어 (indicative informal past)
까맸어요 (indicative informal past polite)
까맸습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
까마냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
까매 (informal interrogative non-past)
까매요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
까맣습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
까맸냐 (formal interrogative past)
까맸어 (informal interrogative past)
까맸어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
까맸습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
까맣겠다 (assertive formal)
까맣겠어 (assertive informal)
까맣겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
까맣겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
까매 (causative formal)
까매서 (causative informal)
까마니 (causative informal polite)
까마니까 (causative formal polite)
까맣지만 (contrastive formal)
까만데 (contrastive informal)
까맣더니 (contrastive informal polite)
까맣고 (conjunctive formal)
까마면 (conditional formal)
까매야 (conditional informal)
까맘 (formal noun-from-verb)
까맣기 (informal noun-from-verb)
까맸음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
까맸기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
까만 (determiner informal present)
까말 (determiner future informal)
까마시다 (indicative non-past)
까마셔 (indicative informal non-past)
까마세요 (indicative non-past polite)
까마셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
까마십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
까마셨다 (indicative past)
까마셨어 (indicative informal past)
까마셨어요 (indicative past polite)
까마셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
까마시냐 (interrogative non-past)
까마셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
까마세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
까마셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
까마십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
까마셨냐 (interrogative past)
까마셨어 (informal interrogative past)
까마셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
까마셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
까마시겠다 (assertive)
까마시겠어 (assertive informal)
까마시겠어요 (assertive polite)
까마시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
까마셔 (causative)
까마셔서 (causative informal)
까마시니 (causative polite)
까마시니까 (causative formal)
까마시지만 (contrastive)
까마신데 (contrastive informal)
까마시더니 (contrastive polite)
까마시고 (conjunctive)
까마시면 (conditional)
까마셔야 (conditional informal)
까마심 (noun-from-verb)
까마시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
까마셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
까마셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
까마신 (determiner informal present)
까마실 (determiner future informal)

Tense form of now uncommon 가맣다 (gamata), from Middle Korean 가마ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: kama-hota), equivalent to 가마 (Yale: kama, an inflected form of 감다 (kamta, “to be black”)) + ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: hota, light verb whence modern 하다 (hada)).
This ᄒᆞ다 (hota) construction, which is now ungrammatical in these contexts, was used widely in Middle Korean to derive emphatic color terms; see [[#Related terms]] below.

okm-l

an inflected form of <i class="Kore mention" lang="okm">감다</i> (kamta, “to be black”)

light verb whence modern <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">하다</i> (hada)


노랗다

ko-adj

노랗다 • (norata) (irregular, infinitive 노래, sequential 노라니)

norata (romanization)
노래 (infinitive)
노라니 (sequential)
노랗다 (formal indicative non-past)
노래 (indicative informal non-past)
노래요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
노랗습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
노랬다 (formal indicative past)
노랬어 (indicative informal past)
노랬어요 (indicative informal past polite)
노랬습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
노라냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
노래 (informal interrogative non-past)
노래요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
노랗습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
노랬냐 (formal interrogative past)
노랬어 (informal interrogative past)
노랬어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
노랬습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
노랗겠다 (assertive formal)
노랗겠어 (assertive informal)
노랗겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
노랗겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
노래 (causative formal)
노래서 (causative informal)
노라니 (causative informal polite)
노라니까 (causative formal polite)
노랗지만 (contrastive formal)
노란데 (contrastive informal)
노랗더니 (contrastive informal polite)
노랗고 (conjunctive formal)
노라면 (conditional formal)
노래야 (conditional informal)
노람 (formal noun-from-verb)
노랗기 (informal noun-from-verb)
노랬음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
노랬기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
노란 (determiner informal present)
노랄 (determiner future informal)
노라시다 (indicative non-past)
노라셔 (indicative informal non-past)
노라세요 (indicative non-past polite)
노라셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
노라십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
노라셨다 (indicative past)
노라셨어 (indicative informal past)
노라셨어요 (indicative past polite)
노라셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
노라시냐 (interrogative non-past)
노라셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
노라세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
노라셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
노라십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
노라셨냐 (interrogative past)
노라셨어 (informal interrogative past)
노라셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
노라셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
노라시겠다 (assertive)
노라시겠어 (assertive informal)
노라시겠어요 (assertive polite)
노라시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
노라셔 (causative)
노라셔서 (causative informal)
노라시니 (causative polite)
노라시니까 (causative formal)
노라시지만 (contrastive)
노라신데 (contrastive informal)
노라시더니 (contrastive polite)
노라시고 (conjunctive)
노라시면 (conditional)
노라셔야 (conditional informal)
노라심 (noun-from-verb)
노라시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
노라셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
노라셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
노라신 (determiner informal present)
노라실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean 노라ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: nwolahota). Originally the 하— (ha-) form of 노르— (noreu-). From Old Korean 黃等 (*NWOtol).

ko-etym-native

노랗다:


누렇다

ko-adj

누렇다 • (nureota) (irregular, infinitive 누레, sequential 누러니)

nureota (romanization)
누레 (infinitive)
누러니 (sequential)
누렇다 (formal indicative non-past)
누레 (indicative informal non-past)
누레요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
누렇습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
누렜다 (formal indicative past)
누렜어 (indicative informal past)
누렜어요 (indicative informal past polite)
누렜습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
누러냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
누레 (informal interrogative non-past)
누레요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
누렇습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
누렜냐 (formal interrogative past)
누렜어 (informal interrogative past)
누렜어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
누렜습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
누렇겠다 (assertive formal)
누렇겠어 (assertive informal)
누렇겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
누렇겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
누레 (causative formal)
누레서 (causative informal)
누러니 (causative informal polite)
누러니까 (causative formal polite)
누렇지만 (contrastive formal)
누런데 (contrastive informal)
누렇더니 (contrastive informal polite)
누렇고 (conjunctive formal)
누러면 (conditional formal)
누레야 (conditional informal)
누럼 (formal noun-from-verb)
누렇기 (informal noun-from-verb)
누렜음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
누렜기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
누런 (determiner informal present)
누럴 (determiner future informal)
누러시다 (indicative non-past)
누러셔 (indicative informal non-past)
누러세요 (indicative non-past polite)
누러셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
누러십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
누러셨다 (indicative past)
누러셨어 (indicative informal past)
누러셨어요 (indicative past polite)
누러셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
누러시냐 (interrogative non-past)
누러셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
누러세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
누러셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
누러십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
누러셨냐 (interrogative past)
누러셨어 (informal interrogative past)
누러셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
누러셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
누러시겠다 (assertive)
누러시겠어 (assertive informal)
누러시겠어요 (assertive polite)
누러시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
누러셔 (causative)
누러셔서 (causative informal)
누러시니 (causative polite)
누러시니까 (causative formal)
누러시지만 (contrastive)
누러신데 (contrastive informal)
누러시더니 (contrastive polite)
누러시고 (conjunctive)
누러시면 (conditional)
누러셔야 (conditional informal)
누러심 (noun-from-verb)
누러시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
누러셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
누러셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
누러신 (determiner informal present)
누러실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 누러ᄒᆞ다 (Yale: nwulehota). Originally the 하— (ha-) form of 누르— (nureu-).

ko-etym-native

to be golden, like rice ready for harvest


내리다

ko-verb

내리다 • (naerida) (infinitive 내려 or 내리어, sequential 내리니)

naerida (romanization)
내려 (infinitive)
내리어 (infinitive)
내리니 (sequential)
내린다 (formal indicative non-past)
내려 (indicative informal non-past)
내려요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
내리어요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
내립니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
내렸다 (formal indicative past)
내렸어 (indicative informal past)
내렸어요 (indicative informal past polite)
내렸습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
내리느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
내려 (informal interrogative non-past)
내려요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
내리어요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
내립니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
내렸느냐 (formal interrogative past)
내렸어 (informal interrogative past)
내렸어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
내렸습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
내리자 (formal hortative)
내려 (hortative informal)
내려요 (hortative informal polite)
내리어요 (hortative informal polite)
내리십시다 (formal hortative polite)
내려라 (formal imperative)
내리어라 (formal imperative)
내려 (imperative informal)
내려요 (imperative informal polite)
내리어요 (imperative informal polite)
내립시오 (formal imperative polite)
내리겠다 (assertive formal)
내리겠어 (assertive informal)
내리겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
내리겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
내려 (causative formal)
내려서 (causative informal)
내리어서 (causative informal)
내리니 (causative informal polite)
내리니까 (causative formal polite)
내리지만 (contrastive formal)
내리는데 (contrastive informal)
내리더니 (contrastive informal polite)
내리고 (conjunctive formal)
내리면 (conditional formal)
내려야 (conditional informal)
내리어야 (conditional informal)
내리려고 (formal motive-form)
내림 (formal noun-from-verb)
내리기 (informal noun-from-verb)
내렸음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
내리었음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
내렸기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
내리었기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
내린 (determiner formal past)
내리는 (determiner formal present)
내릴 (determiner formal future)
내리신다 (formal indicative non-past)
내리셔 (indicative informal non-past)
내리세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
내리셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
내리십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
내리셨다 (formal indicative past)
내리셨어 (indicative informal past)
내리셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
내리셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
내리시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
내리셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
내리세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
내리셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
내리십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
내리셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
내리셨어 (informal interrogative past)
내리셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
내리셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
내리시라 (formal imperative)
내리셔 (imperative informal)
내리세요 (imperative informal polite)
내리십시오 (formal imperative polite)
내리시겠다 (assertive formal)
내리시겠어 (assertive informal)
내리시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
내리시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
내리셔 (causative formal)
내리셔서 (causative informal)
내리시니 (causative informal polite)
내리시니까 (causative formal polite)
내리시지만 (contrastive formal)
내리시는데 (contrastive informal)
내리시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
내리시고 (conjunctive formal)
내리시면 (conditional formal)
내리셔야 (conditional informal)
내리시려고 (formal motive-form)
내리심 (formal noun-from-verb)
내리시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
내리셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
내리셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
내리신 (determiner formal past)
내리시는 (determiner formal present)
내리실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞ리〮다〮 (Yale: nòlí-tá).

ko-etym-native

(transitive, Internet) to take down; to delete a post


담그다

ko-verb

담그다 • (damgeuda) (infinitive 담가, sequential 담그니)

damgeuda (romanization)
담가 (infinitive)
담그니 (sequential)
담근다 (formal indicative non-past)
담가 (indicative informal non-past)
담가요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
담급니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
담갔다 (formal indicative past)
담갔어 (indicative informal past)
담갔어요 (indicative informal past polite)
담갔습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
담그느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
담가 (informal interrogative non-past)
담가요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
담급니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
담갔느냐 (formal interrogative past)
담갔어 (informal interrogative past)
담갔어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
담갔습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
담그자 (formal hortative)
담가 (hortative informal)
담가요 (hortative informal polite)
담그십시다 (formal hortative polite)
담가라 (formal imperative)
담가 (imperative informal)
담가요 (imperative informal polite)
담급시오 (formal imperative polite)
담그겠다 (assertive formal)
담그겠어 (assertive informal)
담그겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
담그겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
담가 (causative formal)
담가서 (causative informal)
담그니 (causative informal polite)
담그니까 (causative formal polite)
담그지만 (contrastive formal)
담그는데 (contrastive informal)
담그더니 (contrastive informal polite)
담그고 (conjunctive formal)
담그면 (conditional formal)
담가야 (conditional informal)
담그려고 (formal motive-form)
담금 (formal noun-from-verb)
담그기 (informal noun-from-verb)
담갔음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
담갔기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
담근 (determiner formal past)
담그는 (determiner formal present)
담글 (determiner formal future)
담그신다 (formal indicative non-past)
담그셔 (indicative informal non-past)
담그세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
담그셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
담그십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
담그셨다 (formal indicative past)
담그셨어 (indicative informal past)
담그셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
담그셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
담그시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
담그셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
담그세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
담그셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
담그십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
담그셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
담그셨어 (informal interrogative past)
담그셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
담그셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
담그시라 (formal imperative)
담그셔 (imperative informal)
담그세요 (imperative informal polite)
담그십시오 (formal imperative polite)
담그시겠다 (assertive formal)
담그시겠어 (assertive informal)
담그시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
담그시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
담그셔 (causative formal)
담그셔서 (causative informal)
담그시니 (causative informal polite)
담그시니까 (causative formal polite)
담그시지만 (contrastive formal)
담그시는데 (contrastive informal)
담그시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
담그시고 (conjunctive formal)
담그시면 (conditional formal)
담그셔야 (conditional informal)
담그시려고 (formal motive-form)
담그심 (formal noun-from-verb)
담그시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
담그셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
담그셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
담그신 (determiner formal past)
담그시는 (determiner formal present)
담그실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean ᄃᆞᄆᆞ다〮 (Yale: tòmò-tá).
In Middle Korean, the word had two allomorphs, surfacing as ᄃᆞᄆᆞ (Yale: tòmò-) when followed by a consonant-initial verb ending and as ᄃᆞᇚ (Yale: tòmk-) when followed by a vowel-initial verb ending.


암호

Sino-Korean word from 暗號, from 暗 (“secretive”) + 號 (“number”)

ko-etym-Sino

ireum [____] amho [____]
name [____] password [____]


맵다

ko-adj

맵다 • (maepda) (irregular, infinitive 매워, sequential 매우니)

maepda (romanization)
매워 (infinitive)
매우니 (sequential)
맵다 (formal indicative non-past)
매워 (indicative informal non-past)
매워요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
맵습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
매웠다 (formal indicative past)
매웠어 (indicative informal past)
매웠어요 (indicative informal past polite)
매웠습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
매우냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
매워 (informal interrogative non-past)
매워요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
맵습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
매웠냐 (formal interrogative past)
매웠어 (informal interrogative past)
매웠어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
매웠습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
맵겠다 (assertive formal)
맵겠어 (assertive informal)
맵겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
맵겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
매워 (causative formal)
매워서 (causative informal)
매우니 (causative informal polite)
매우니까 (causative formal polite)
맵지만 (contrastive formal)
매운데 (contrastive informal)
맵더니 (contrastive informal polite)
맵고 (conjunctive formal)
매우면 (conditional formal)
매워야 (conditional informal)
매움 (formal noun-from-verb)
맵기 (informal noun-from-verb)
매웠음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
매웠기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
매운 (determiner informal present)
매울 (determiner future informal)
매우시다 (indicative non-past)
매우셔 (indicative informal non-past)
매우세요 (indicative non-past polite)
매우셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
매우십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
매우셨다 (indicative past)
매우셨어 (indicative informal past)
매우셨어요 (indicative past polite)
매우셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
매우시냐 (interrogative non-past)
매우셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
매우세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
매우셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
매우십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
매우셨냐 (interrogative past)
매우셨어 (informal interrogative past)
매우셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
매우셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
매우시겠다 (assertive)
매우시겠어 (assertive informal)
매우시겠어요 (assertive polite)
매우시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
매우셔 (causative)
매우셔서 (causative informal)
매우시니 (causative polite)
매우시니까 (causative formal)
매우시지만 (contrastive)
매우신데 (contrastive informal)
매우시더니 (contrastive polite)
매우시고 (conjunctive)
매우시면 (conditional)
매우셔야 (conditional informal)
매우심 (noun-from-verb)
매우시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
매우셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
매우셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
매우신 (determiner informal present)
매우실 (determiner future informal)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄆᆡᆸ다〮 (Yale: mòyptá).


맡다

ko-verb

맡다 • (matda) (infinitive 맡아, sequential 맡으니)

matda (romanization)
맡아 (infinitive)
맡으니 (sequential)
맡는다 (formal indicative non-past)
맡아 (indicative informal non-past)
맡아요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
맡습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
맡았다 (formal indicative past)
맡았어 (indicative informal past)
맡았어요 (indicative informal past polite)
맡았습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
맡느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
맡아 (informal interrogative non-past)
맡아요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
맡습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
맡았느냐 (formal interrogative past)
맡았어 (informal interrogative past)
맡았어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
맡았습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
맡자 (formal hortative)
맡아 (hortative informal)
맡아요 (hortative informal polite)
맡으십시다 (formal hortative polite)
맡아라 (formal imperative)
맡아 (imperative informal)
맡아요 (imperative informal polite)
맡읍시오 (formal imperative polite)
맡겠다 (assertive formal)
맡겠어 (assertive informal)
맡겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
맡겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
맡아 (causative formal)
맡아서 (causative informal)
맡으니 (causative informal polite)
맡으니까 (causative formal polite)
맡지만 (contrastive formal)
맡는데 (contrastive informal)
맡더니 (contrastive informal polite)
맡고 (conjunctive formal)
맡으면 (conditional formal)
맡아야 (conditional informal)
맡으려고 (formal motive-form)
맡음 (formal noun-from-verb)
맡기 (informal noun-from-verb)
맡았음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
맡았기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
맡은 (determiner formal past)
맡는 (determiner formal present)
맡을 (determiner formal future)
맡으신다 (formal indicative non-past)
맡으셔 (indicative informal non-past)
맡으세요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
맡으셔요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
맡으십니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
맡으셨다 (formal indicative past)
맡으셨어 (indicative informal past)
맡으셨어요 (indicative informal past polite)
맡으셨습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
맡으시느냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
맡으셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
맡으세요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
맡으셔요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
맡으십니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
맡으셨느냐 (formal interrogative past)
맡으셨어 (informal interrogative past)
맡으셨어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
맡으셨습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
맡으시라 (formal imperative)
맡으셔 (imperative informal)
맡으세요 (imperative informal polite)
맡으십시오 (formal imperative polite)
맡으시겠다 (assertive formal)
맡으시겠어 (assertive informal)
맡으시겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
맡으시겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
맡으셔 (causative formal)
맡으셔서 (causative informal)
맡으시니 (causative informal polite)
맡으시니까 (causative formal polite)
맡으시지만 (contrastive formal)
맡으시는데 (contrastive informal)
맡으시더니 (contrastive informal polite)
맡으시고 (conjunctive formal)
맡으시면 (conditional formal)
맡으셔야 (conditional informal)
맡으시려고 (formal motive-form)
맡으심 (formal noun-from-verb)
맡으시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
맡으셨음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
맡으셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
맡으신 (determiner formal past)
맡으시는 (determiner formal present)
맡으실 (determiner formal future)

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 맡다〮 (Yale: màth-tá).


우

the hanja entry at 右 for Sino-Korean compounds of 우


우

Sino-Korean word from 羽 (“fifth note in the pentatonic scale”).

ko-etym-sino

(music) the fifth note in the pentatonic scale of East Asian classical music, equivalent to la

the hanja entry at 羽 for Sino-Korean compounds of 우


저녁

[t͡ɕʌ̹ɲʌ̹k̚]

First attested in the Samgang haengsildo (三綱行實圖 / 삼강행실도), 1511, as Middle Korean 져녁 (Yale: cyenyek). Also attested as 뎌녁 (dyenyek), 저녁 (cenyek).
Evidently a compound with 녘 (nyeok, “around the time of”) as its second component; the first part may be from Middle Korean 져믈〮다〮 (cyèmúltá, “to get dark”) (> modern 저물다 (jeomulda)) or Middle Korean 뎌 (tye, “that”) (> modern 저 (jeo)).

cog

저녁 일곱 시에
jeonyeok ilgop sie
at seven p.m.


싱겁다

ko-adj

싱겁다 • (singgeopda) (irregular, infinitive 싱거워, sequential 싱거우니)

singgeopda (romanization)
싱거워 (infinitive)
싱거우니 (sequential)
싱겁다 (formal indicative non-past)
싱거워 (indicative informal non-past)
싱거워요 (indicative informal non-past polite)
싱겁습니다 (formal indicative non-past polite)
싱거웠다 (formal indicative past)
싱거웠어 (indicative informal past)
싱거웠어요 (indicative informal past polite)
싱거웠습니다 (formal indicative past polite)
싱거우냐 (formal interrogative non-past)
싱거워 (informal interrogative non-past)
싱거워요 (informal interrogative non-past polite)
싱겁습니까 (formal interrogative non-past polite)
싱거웠냐 (formal interrogative past)
싱거웠어 (informal interrogative past)
싱거웠어요 (informal interrogative past polite)
싱거웠습니까 (formal interrogative past polite)
싱겁겠다 (assertive formal)
싱겁겠어 (assertive informal)
싱겁겠어요 (assertive informal polite)
싱겁겠습니다 (assertive formal polite)
싱거워 (causative formal)
싱거워서 (causative informal)
싱거우니 (causative informal polite)
싱거우니까 (causative formal polite)
싱겁지만 (contrastive formal)
싱거운데 (contrastive informal)
싱겁더니 (contrastive informal polite)
싱겁고 (conjunctive formal)
싱거우면 (conditional formal)
싱거워야 (conditional informal)
싱거움 (formal noun-from-verb)
싱겁기 (informal noun-from-verb)
싱거웠음 (formal noun-from-verb past)
싱거웠기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
싱거운 (determiner informal present)
싱거울 (determiner future informal)
싱거우시다 (indicative non-past)
싱거우셔 (indicative informal non-past)
싱거우세요 (indicative non-past polite)
싱거우셔요 (indicative non-past polite)
싱거우십니다 (formal indicative non-past)
싱거우셨다 (indicative past)
싱거우셨어 (indicative informal past)
싱거우셨어요 (indicative past polite)
싱거우셨습니다 (formal indicative past)
싱거우시냐 (interrogative non-past)
싱거우셔 (informal interrogative non-past)
싱거우세요 (interrogative non-past polite)
싱거우셔요 (interrogative non-past polite)
싱거우십니까 (formal interrogative non-past)
싱거우셨냐 (interrogative past)
싱거우셨어 (informal interrogative past)
싱거우셨어요 (interrogative past polite)
싱거우셨습니까 (formal interrogative past)
싱거우시겠다 (assertive)
싱거우시겠어 (assertive informal)
싱거우시겠어요 (assertive polite)
싱거우시겠습니다 (assertive formal)
싱거우셔 (causative)
싱거우셔서 (causative informal)
싱거우시니 (causative polite)
싱거우시니까 (causative formal)
싱거우시지만 (contrastive)
싱거우신데 (contrastive informal)
싱거우시더니 (contrastive polite)
싱거우시고 (conjunctive)
싱거우시면 (conditional)
싱거우셔야 (conditional informal)
싱거우심 (noun-from-verb)
싱거우시기 (informal noun-from-verb)
싱거우셨음 (noun-from-verb past)
싱거우셨기 (informal noun-from-verb past)
싱거우신 (determiner informal present)
싱거우실 (determiner future informal)

[ɕʰiŋɡʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]

First attested in the Nammyeongjip eonhae (南明集諺解 / 남명집언해), 1482, as Middle Korean 슴겁다 (Yale: sumkepta).