abut

E ku pa ayabutan


ate

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.


king

indirect object marker: of, to, at, on, in, into, onto, among, around, for


o

Mangan ka o pinandit naka?

Mansanas o sagin.


o

Palako nayu o.

Makanini namu o.

Nanu o.

(colloquial) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention; see also oy, uy and ay

Juan o lawen me.

Ginu o sana iligtas yu.

Mina o aini na.

(colloquial) used as a vocative particle to address the topic in question


o

(colloquial) expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!

(colloquial) used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!


tutu

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqu (“true; real”). Compare Tagalog totoo and Cebuano tuo (“to believe”).


at

Compare Pangasinan ta and tan, Remontado Agta at, Tagalog at, Malay dan, Indonesian dan, Hawaiian a.

Pakibilisan at bawal mabagal.


at

Mapagpasubuk at alang pamagkakelanganan.


aku

From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.


bulan

From Proto-Philippine *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)

moon (any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet)

month (period into which a year is divided)


pin

Wapin.

Istu yapin.

Ikapin.


e

From ali or Proto-Philippine *diq (“particle of negation”).

Iyang emakapunta

Taung eyakakit

Lugud a ekalinguwan

Ekakabieng bage

Emakasulung


ne

Ikit ne.

blend of 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun + 3rd person singular absolutive pronoun


ne

Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).

Nokarin ya kaya ne?

(informal) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis

Mako naku ne?

(tag question) sentence-final question marker particle indicating emphasis and asking for confirmation: right?; eh?; isn't it, innit?


ne

Yari ne.

already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)

Meko ne.

already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)

Papunta ne kanu.

already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)


kana

Makabalu kana?

Manisip kana?

expression to indicate an uncertainty or doubt; I wonder; maybe


banal

From Proto-Philippine *bənər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bənər.
Compare Bikol Central banal, Masbatenyo banal, and Tagalog banal.


pun

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *puqun, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, from Proto-Austronesian *puqun. Compare Tagalog puno, Malay pohon, Indonesian pohon.


pat

Inherited from Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqət.


tau

From Proto-Philippine *tau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau.


mate

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(m-)atay (“die; dead; sick; tired (of)”), from Proto-Austronesian *ma-aCay (“die; dead; eclipse of sun or moon”), from Proto-Austronesian *aCay (“death”). Compare Ilocano matay, Tagalog matay, Bikol Central matay, Cebuano matay, Maranao matay, and Malay mati.


ini

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni (compare Indonesian ini).

this (the thing, item, etc. being pointed)


lupa

From Sanskrit रूप (rūpa). Compare Ilocano rupa, and Malay rupa.


From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

Bayu ya ing bale na.

Nanu ing seli na?

3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun: he; his; she; her; it; its


Possibly a contraction of nanu (“what”). Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).

Na munta ka?

Na dimdam me?

(masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations


Makanini namu siguru na?

Nokarin nakaman munta na?

(informal, mild emphatic) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis


Malairo na banwa.

kakatua na tau.


Yari na.

Munta naka.

Matudtud na.

Sinali na.

Lungub nakata.

Pepasali nakung panulu.

I'm having someone buy the medicine now.


kayu

Mekeni kayu pu.


abu

From Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


anak

From Proto-Philippine *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


lua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luheq, from Proto-Austronesian *luSeq.


abac

Súlat Bacúlud and Ámung Sámson spelling of abak


alto

From earlier altau, metathesis from Proto-Philippine *lətaw. Compare Tagalog litaw and Cebuano lutaw.


eran

From earlier *aydan, from Proto-Philippine *haʀdan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haʀəzan.


ala

From Proto-Central Philippine *wadaq, from Proto-Philippine *wada (“to be, exist”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.


David

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


laya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqia. Compare Tagalog luya.


pala

Compare Bikol Central palan, Tagalog pala.

Makanini pala!

Wapin pala, alineman pakanita e.

tutu pala!

expressing sudden realization; exclamation of surprise


pala

I Bermuda pala.

Ining notebook kekaya pala?

Mangan pala.


pala

Borrowed from Malay pahala (“reward; grant”), from Sanskrit फल (phála, “fruit; benefit”).


pala

Borrowed from Spanish pala (“shovel; spade”).


nana

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq.


lima

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


bale

From Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.


babi

From Proto-Philippine *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Compare Tagalog baboy.


batu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.


tai

taî (canonical)
mang- (affix)
tai (root)
actor
-an (affix)
tai (root)

pam-infl-table

tai

tai

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tahiq, from Proto-Austronesian *CaqiS.


apat

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


isa

From Proto-Northern Luzon *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Philippine *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa.


Kapampangan

the Kapampangan language, spoken in the Philippines, in particular, Pampanga and Tarlac, both located north of Metro Manila

one of the native speakers of the Kapampangan language

the Kapampangan people, in particular, the natives of Pampanga and Tarlac in the island of Luzon in the Philippines


Kapampangan

pertaining to the Kapampangan language or its speakers


salita

Borrowed from Old Malay (compare modern Malay cerita (“tale”)), from Sanskrit चरित (carita, “course of life”).


tud

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.


tune

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tunay (cf. Tagalog tunay, Indonesian tunai, Malay tunai).


durian

From Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.


nasa

Borrowed from Sanskrit लालसा (lālasā, “desire”).


Ian

Borrowed from English Ian, from Scottish Gaelic Eóin.


mais

Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno mahís.


ya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia. Compare Tagalog siya, Bikol Central siya, Cebuano siya, Indonesian ia, Maori ia, and Waray-Waray hiya.

Makanini ya?

Nanya?

X ya Y ya?

Munta ya aliya?

Ini ya o ita ya, sanu kareni.

Is this or is that?, which one of these?

Lalaki ya o Babayi ya?

used with o to mark list and to connect choices being considered with uncertainty


ya

Pilipinu ya.

he; she (third person singular animate personal pronoun)

Pamangan ya.

(colloquial) it (third person singular inanimate personal pronoun)


basa

wet (of an object: covered with or impregnated with liquid)


basa

Borrowed from Malay baca, from Sanskrit वाचा (vācā).


Pilipinas

Borrowed from Spanish Filipinas, from Felipe + -inas. Originally in Spanish las Islas Filipinas (literally “the Philippine Isles”), after King Philip II of Spain.

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


uran

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qudán, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


ka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”). Compare Indonesian -kah, Malay -kah.

inh

Kalaraman ka?

Nanka?

Sucat mo casing bitasan quing micabucasan ca?

1617, Francisco Coronel, Arte y reglas de la lengua Pampanga:

Can you by chance assure us that you will arrive tomorrow?

X ka Y ka?

Munta ka alika?

Ini ka o ita ka, sanu kareni.

Magpasta ka o magpitsa ka?


ka

Kaluguran daka

Mamun ka kang inda


mata

From Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


hilo

Borrowed from Spanish hilo (“thread, yarn”), from Latin filum.


hilo

Compare Bikol Central hilo, Cebuano hilo and Tagalog hilo.


iki

From monophthongization of Proto-Central Luzon *ikuy (cf. Sambali ikoy), from Proto-Philippine *ikuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *ikuʀ.


asu

From Proto-Philippine *asu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *(w)asu.


lagu

From Proto-Philippine *laguq (“to flourish, of plants”). Also possibly from Sanskrit लघु (laghú, “well; healthy; pleasing; agreeable; handsome; beautiful”). Compare Pangasinan lago (“healthy; robust individual”) and Tagalog lago (“luxuriant growth”).

cog

(originally figuratively) beauty (of a woman)

(obsolete) tenderness; softness (like a green fruit or shoot of a plant)


bie

From earlier biyai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ. Compare Sambali biyay, Tagalog buhay, Ilocano biag.


bie

From earlier biai, from abiai, metathesis from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀay, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀay. Compare Tagalog bigay, Cebuano bugay, Maranao begi, and Malay beri.


a

Romantiku a bengi.

Pinakapalsintan a tau.

Mayap a abak.

Mayap a bengi.

Dakal a salamat.


labi

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *labiq.


sanduk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sanduk (cf. Tagalog sandok (“ladle”), Malay sendok)


cha

Borrowed from Chinese 茶 (chá), highly likely via Cantonese caa⁴ rather than Hokkien tê.


Garcia

Borrowed from Spanish García, possibly of Basque origin. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish García


laut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud influenced by Old Malay laut, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.


salut

From Proto-Philippine *sarut (cf. Bikol Central sarot, Cebuano salot).


api

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hapúy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.


api

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ. Compare Tagalog apog.


paras

Borrowed from Malay pedas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapəjəs. Doublet of aplas.


minum

Borrowed from Malay minum, Proto-Malayic *inum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inum (compare Hawaiian inu, Malay minum, Tagalog inom).


anam

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


siku

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux.


kaya

Queta o carin queyá?


kaya

Mangapakananu kaya?

expression to indicate an uncertainty or doubt; perhaps; I wonder

Saling laman o kaya asan bakanitang ipanapunan.

Buy meat or perhaps fish for our dinner.

used with o to connect choices being considered with uncertainty

Paneng manisip matsura. Tuknangan mu kaya.

You always think something bad. just stop it, indeed!


kaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaya, from Proto-Austronesian *kaya (“able, capable, strong, wealthy”). Compare Malay kaya and Tagalog kaya (especially may-kaya).

inh

Mayakayan


manuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.


matua

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)tuqah, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)tuqaS. Analytically ma- + tua. Cognate to Sambali matoa (“old; elderly; parent”).


kanu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kunu. Compare Tagalog kuno, Hiligaynon kuno, Pangasinan kuno, Bikol Central kono, Cebuano kono, Waray-Waray kono, Ibanag kanu, Ilocano kano, Indonesian konon, Malay konon, Ivatan kunu.

so they say; according to someone; it is said


nasi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nasi. Compare Malay nasi, and Old Javanese nasi.


layag

Borrowed from Tagalog layag, from Proto-Philippine *layaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ. If inherited, the expected form is *laye.


pinggan

Borrowed from Malay pinggan, from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”) (compare Cebuano pinggan (“chinaware”), Tamil பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ, “ceramic”)).


sakit

From Proto-Philippine *sakit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakit. Compare Tagalog sakit, Tongan mahaki, and Yogad takit.

disease; sickness; illness; ailment; tough; difficult


langaw

From Proto-Philippine *laŋaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw.


langaw

for something to be plagued or swarmed by flies


pitu

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitu, from Proto-Austronesian *pitu.


susu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu, from Proto-Austronesian *susu. Compare Indonesian susu, Tagalog suso, Fijian sucu, Tongan huhu and Hawaiian ū.


susu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susuq. Compare Ilocano soso, Tagalog suso, Cebuano suso, Old Javanese susuh, and Balinese susuh.


lango

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *laŋaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋaw.


kasi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy, pity, affection”), compare Indonesian kasih, Malay kasih.


lumut

From Proto-Philippine *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


takut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)takut (compare Tagalog takot), from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)takut.


apu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu, from Proto-Austronesian *apu. Compare Ilocano apo, Tagalog apo, Cebuano apu, Malay empu, and Cebuano umpu. Also possibly from Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).

bor

grandparent
term of address for one's grandparents

Apu Lusya


ket

Contraction from earlier kayat, inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaʀat (“to bite”), from Proto-Austronesian *kaʀaC (“to bite”).


lau

From Sanskrit राहु (rāhu, “Rāhu”). Compare Tagalog laho.


kaka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka (“elder sibling of the same sex”), from Proto-Austronesian *kaka (“elder sibling”). Compare Tagalog kaka.


mangan

From mang- + kan. Also from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-ŋaən. Compare Ilocano mangan, Isnag mangan, Pangasinan mangan, Tagalog mangain, Javanese mangan, and Balinese mangan.


tete

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay. Compare Cebuano taytay, Tagalog taytay, and Sambali taytay.


bebe

From earlier bebai, from Proto-Philippine *baybay. Compare Tagalog baybay.


dela

Vowel shift in dala in perfective conjugation.


dela

Borrowed from Spanish de la, from the American colonial era.

particle found in Spanish-derived surnames when originally spelled with de la, such as dela Cruz (from earlier de la Cruz


balen

Contraction of balayan (“place of houses”), from bale + -an. The final vowel "-e" morphs to "-ay" before suffixes. Compare Tagalog bayan.


balas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *badas (“grit, coarse sand, gravel”).


talaba

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *talabá (“kind of shellfish; oyster”). Compare Bikol Central, Cebuano, and Tagalog talaba.


barkada

From Spanish barcada (“boatload”), which underwent semantic change.

a close friend or a member of such group

group of people going together on a trip


daya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.


anang

in accordance with; in a way consistent with


bage

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type”). Compare Tagalog bagay, Ilocano bagay.


kang

Bulaklak kang inda.

used to mark oblique cases of personal nouns


kalma

→ Tagalog: kalma


alun

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalun.


mutia

From Sanskrit मुत्य (mutya). Compare Tagalog mutya.


sulat

Borrowed from Malay surat, from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).


pusu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusuq. Compare Tagalog puso and Ilocano puso.


pusu

Possibly related to Proto-Philippine *pus(e)qun. Compare Tagalog puson.


gatas

Borrowed from Tagalog gatas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatas.


angin

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *haŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin.


sugi

stainless, refined, like gold, pure, and clean


kutsara

/kʊˈt͡ʃaɾəʔ/

[kʊˈt͡ʃäː.ɾəʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish cuchara (“spoon”).


utak

→ Tagalog: utak


uyat

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC.


gunting

Likely from Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese, according to Blust (2010-2020).


pait

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqit, from Proto-Austronesian *paqiC.


kirut

shocked, surprised, startled, pain, ache, sting


salamat

From Arabic سَلَامَات (salāmāt), plural of سَلَامَة (salāma, “good health”). Compare Malay selamat.


baril

Borrowed from Malay bedil (“gun”), from Javanese bedil (“Java arquebus (Bedil tombak)”), from Tamil வெடில் (veṭil, “gunpowder”).


sangle

From earlier sanglai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋəlaʀ (“to stir-fry, cook in a frying pan without oil”). Compare Tagalog sangag, Cebuano sanglag, Javanese sangan, Indonesian sangrai, and Malay selar. See also Tagalog sanglay.

inh

act of frying or roasting rice, corn, cacao, etc.


marikit

From ma- + dikit. Compare Tagalog marikit.


abala

a family affair, something to be kept internal


tamu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamu (“turmeric: Curcuma zedoaria”). Compare Tagalog tamo and Balinese ᬢᬫᬸ (tamu).

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual

zedoary; white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria)


Pampanga

→ Hokkien: 邦板牙 (Pang-pán-gâ)

→ Japanese: パンパンガ (Panpanga)

→ Korean: 팜팡가 (Pampangga)

desc

→ Mandarin: 邦板牙 (Bāngbǎnyá), 邦邦牙 (Bāngbāngyá)

[pəmˈpäːŋ.ɡə]

Borrowed from Spanish Pampanga, from Kapampangan pampang (“river bank”) + -a.

Pampanga (a province of Central Luzon, Luzon, Philippines; capital: San Fernando; largest city: Angeles City)


bilad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəlaj (“spread out to dry in the sun”).


bihag

Borrowed from Tagalog bihag. Doublet of bie.


bulalakaw

[bʊ.ləˈläː.xäʊ̯]


bukad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkaj. Compare Ilocano bekkag, Maranao bekar, Tagalog bukad.


bukad

opening; blossom, or bloom; unfolding (of flowers)


butiti

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butiti. Cognate to Tagalog butete.


dalo

dáló (canonical)
-um- (affix)
dalo (root)
actor
-an (affix)
dalo (root)

pam-infl-table

dalo

dalo


dalaga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dadaʀa (“maiden; virgin; unmarried girl”).


dalan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dálan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan. Compare Tagalog daan, Ilocano dalan, Cebuano dalan, and Malay jalan.


dalan

dalán (canonical)
-an (affix)
dala (root)

pam-infl-table

dalan


dala

Borrowed from Sanskrit धरति (dharati, “to hold”) with the root धृ (dhṛ) but without the -ति (-ti) suffix, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰárati with the root *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-e-ti, thematic present of *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Bikol Central dara, Cebuano dala, Tagalog dala, Assamese ধৰা (dhora), Bengali ধরা (dhora), Odia ଧରିବା (dharibā).

bor+

load; something carried; something brought


dala

Compare Malay jera (“deterred; warned by experience”).

cog

wary; scared off; cautious (from a previous undesirable experience)


dala

feeling of being scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)

act of making someone feel scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)


dala

Borrowed from Malay jala, from Sanskrit जाल (jāla, “net”).


sabi

Compare Tagalog sabi and Bikol Central sabi.


pulgas

Borrowed from Spanish pulgas, plural of pulga.


pande

From archaic form of pandai, from Malay pandai, from Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia), from Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, “learned; wise”).


tandang

Borrowed from Tagalog tandang (“rooster”).


abalac

Súlat Bacúlud and Ámung Sámson spelling of abalak


abacan

Súlat Bacúlud and Ámung Sámson spelling of abakan


akasya

Borrowed from Spanish acacia, from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “shittah tree”), from ἀκή (akḗ, “point”), probably from Egyptian.


bayat

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bəʀat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)bəʀəqat (compare Sambali boyat, Tagalog bigat, Indonesian berat).


lakad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lakaj, compare Tagalog lakad.


ka-

ka- + abe (“to accompany”) → kayabe (“partner”)

ka- + lagyu (“name”) → kalagyu (“namesake”)

implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root

ka- + lupa (“face”) → kalupa (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

ka- + pate (“fight”) → kapate (“enemy”)

implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun

ka- + gulisak (“shout”) → kagugulisak (“repeatedly shouting”)

ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)

implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable

ka- + dapat (“should”) → karapat-dapat (“deserving”)

ka- + santing (“handsome”) → kasanting-santing (“wonderful”)

implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables

ka- + datang (“come”) → kadaratang (“recently arrived”)

ka- + punta (“go”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)

implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by pamu

ka- + timyas (“cute”) → katimyas (“so cute”)

ka- + yumi (“innocence; pure”) → kayumi (“how pretty”)

implies emphatic, before an adjective, non-productive and followed by na, da or ta


sisig

sisig (Filipino dish made of parts of a pig's face and belly)


kaban

cavan (a measurement of around 75 liters)


Torres

Borrowed from Spanish Torres. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Torres


Aguilar

Borrowed from Spanish Aguilar. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Aguilar


Castillo

Borrowed from Spanish Castillo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Ochoa

Borrowed from Spanish Ochoa, from Basque otsoa. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque]


lutu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lutuq. Compare Ilocano luto, and Tagalog luto.


lutu

From Proto-Philippine *lutuq (“ripe”). Possibly associated with color of fruits when ripe. Thus, related with the first etymology with the sense "ready to be eaten". Compare Hiligaynon luto (“ripe, also cooked”), and Maranao loto' (“ripe, also cooked”).


bengi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀŋi. Compare Bikol Central banggi, Southern Catanduanes Bicolano banggi, and Javanese ꦮꦼꦔꦶ (wengi).


aray

From Proto-Philippine *aray. Compare Tagalog aray, Ilocano aray, Bikol Central aray, and Cebuano agay.


koya

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien 哥仔 (*ko-iá) as per Chan-Yap (1980) with an older obsolete form of the diminutive suffix as a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ). Cognates with Tagalog kuya and Cebuano kuya.

a respectful title or form of address for an older man


kalamansi

Probably borrowed from Tagalog kalamansi.

Citrus × microcarpa
Citrus × microcarpa#Translingual

Citrofortunella mitis
Citrofortunella mitis

calamondin; calamansi (Citrus × microcarpa, syn. ×Citrofortunella mitis)


lukluk

Compare Tagalog lumuklok (“sit on a throne”).


dase

woven mat (for sleeping, flooring, etc.)


bayu

From Proto-Philippine *baqRu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh.


betis

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bətíʔəs, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətiəs, from Proto-Austronesian *bətiəs.


payung

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *payuŋ (compare Cebuano payong, Cia-Cia 빠우 (pa'u), Tagalog payong).

Tina Zambal: Ikon ko yay payong Botolan Zambal: Ikon koy ti ya payong Bolinao Zambal: Ikon ko yay payong Kapampangan: Kaku ya ing payung Ilocano: Kukuak dayta payong Tagalog: Akin iyong payong 2. English: The raincoat is yours.


payung

to cover someone from the rain with an umbrella


danum

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danum, from Proto-Austronesian *daNum.


banua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua (“inhabited land”). Compare Cebuano banwa and Tagalog banwa.


uanan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wanan, from Proto-Austronesian *wanaN. Compare Tagalog kanan.


ualu

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *walu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *walu, from Proto-Austronesian *walu.


aldo

From earlier aldau, from Proto-Central Luzon *ʔaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw. Compare Bikol Central & Ilocano aldaw, Cebuano adlaw and Tagalog araw.


laban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laban (“oppose, go against someone”).


apir

Borrowed from English up here!, used to solicit a high five.


arap

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. compare Tagalog harap, Yakan harap, Malay hadap.


anud

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qañud, from Proto-Austronesian *qañud. Compare Tagalog anod and Ilocano anod.


nanu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anu, from Proto-Austronesian *(na-)nu.


Sanchez

Borrowed from Spanish Sánchez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic], equivalent to Spanish Sánchez


Agta

Aeta people (indigenous people of Negrito origin of the mountainous parts of Luzon)


man-

verbal affix used to indicate actor focused progressive tense


babai

[ˌbäːˈbäː.i]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *bahi (“woman, female”).

malagung babai

(3) [Kapampangan]⁴
a. Malagu ya ing babai.
beautiful ABS.3SG DET.ABS.SG woman
'The woman is beautiful.'

2005, Current Issues in Philippine Linguistics and Anthropology, page 340:


babai

[ˌbäːˈbäː.i]


Diaz

Borrowed from Spanish Díaz. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic], equivalent to Spanish Díaz


kapun

pam-infl-table

kapun


bagang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagəqaŋ (“molar tooth”).


aldaw

From Proto-Central Luzon *ʔaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw.


baliti

various species of Philippine ficus trees, a number of which are strangler figs


Cortez

Borrowed from Spanish, variant of Cortés.


Velasquez

Borrowed from Spanish Velásquez, variant of Velázquez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Velásquez


Chavez

Borrowed from Spanish Chávez, from Chaves.


Serrano

Borrowed from Spanish Serrano. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Serrano


Cabrera

[kəbˈɾɛː.ɾə]

Borrowed from Spanish Cabrera, occupational surname for a goatherd. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Cabrera


Rodriguez

Borrowed from Spanish Rodríguez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Pacheco

Borrowed from Spanish Pacheco, surname of Portuguese origin mostly found in Andalusia. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Negros Occidental


addua

From Proto-Philippine *duha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


kandung

act of carrying something or someone on one's lap (such as of a child)


kandung

carried on one's lap (such as of a child)


kandungan

pam-verb

kandungan (perfective kindung, progressive kakandungan)

kindung (perfective)
kakandungan (progressive)
-an (affix)
kandung (root)

pam-infl-table

kandungan

to carry something or someone on one's lap (such as of a child)


mangaku

[məˈŋäː.xuʔ]

From mang- + aku. Compare Tagalog mangako.


mangaku

mángakû (canonical)
mang- (affix)
aku (root)
actor

mangaku

[məˈŋäː.xuʔ]


sulapawan

Pangyatung Sulapawan ning Clark


magalang

[məˈɡäː.ləŋ]


lagnat

Compare Cebuano hilanat and Tagalog lagnat.


lihim

Borrowed from Tagalog lihim, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lihim.


lasuna

Borrowed from Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna, “garlic, onion”).


kuting

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutiŋ.


tamatis

Borrowed from Spanish tomates, plural of tomate (“tomato”).


gubat

From Proto-Philippine *gúbat (“jungle, idle land”). Displaced by pastulan.
The sense "forest" is a semantic loan from Tagalog gubat.


Dau

A barangay of Mabalacat, Pampanga, Philippines


kamantigi

Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina#Translingual


Sexmoan

Borrowed from Spanish Sexmoán, from sasmuan (“meeting place”).


balbal

broken into pieces (of glassware, earthenware, etc.)


balbal

shattered pieces (of glassware, earthenware, etc.)


inge

→ Tagalog: ingay

From earlier ingai, from inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiŋəʀ (“loud, unpleasant noise”). Compare Ilocano ingar (“growl”), Pangasinan ingal (“noise”), Tagalog ingay, Hanunoo ingay (“noise”), Cebuano ingog (“piercing sound”), and Malay hingar (“noise”).


angkla

Borrowed from Spanish ancla, from Latin ancora, from Ancient Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkura).


angkla

ángkla (canonical)
mag- (affix)
angkla (root)
actor

pam-infl-table

angkla


tsismosa

Borrowed from Spanish chismosa, from chisme + -osa, from cisma, from Latin schisma, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”).

der

female equivalent of tsismosu: gossip girl; female gossiper; female newsmonger


Angeles

[ˈäː.ŋɛ.lɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish Ángeles. The city is short for Spanish Pueblo de los Angeles (lit. “town of the angels”).

Angeles (the largest city in Pampanga, Philippines)


ulap

Compare Tagalog ulap (“cloud”) and Ilocano ulep (“cloud”).


buak

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək (cf. Pangasinan buëk, Tagalog buhok)


butu

From Proto-Philippine *butuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butuq, from Proto-Austronesian *buCuq. Cognate to Cebuano buto (“testicle (dialectal); female genitalia (vulgar)”) and Malay butuh (“penis”)


kutsarita

Borrowed from Spanish cucharita (“teaspoon”).


pisngi

From Proto-Philippine *pis(e)ŋí (“cheeks”).


amian

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qamihan, from Proto-Austronesian *qamiS.

cold dry season between October and February


abagat

Borrowed from Tagalog habagat, from Proto-Philippine *habaʀat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat.


pusad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəj (cf. Tagalog pusod, Malay pusat).


dakal

From Proto-Philippine *dakəl. Doublet of dagul.


ipas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ipəs, from Proto-Austronesian *Sipəs. Compare Sambali ipoh, Malay lipas, Tagalog ipis.


bunduk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunduk. Compare Tagalog bundok.


ulas

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *uləs (“blanket”).


bayani

→ Tagalog: bayani

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *baʀani, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀani (“brave, bold; dare to do”). Cognate with Cebuano bagani, Maranao bagani, Malay berani, and Marshallese peran.


palara

Possibly from Malay perada (“tinsel; gold foil”), ultimately from Sanskrit पारद (pārada, “mercury; quicksilver”).

foil (thin aluminum or tin used to wrap food)


sampagita

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual


timbang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timbaŋ (“balanced”).


sandata

Borrowed from Malay senjata (cf. Tagalog sandata)


lagari

Borrowed from Malay gergaji, ultimately from Sanskrit क्रकच (krakaca, “saw”).


lara

Capsicum; a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae

the fruit of these plants; a chili pepper or bell pepper


noche buena

Borrowed from Spanish Nochebuena, from noche buena.

a traditional dinner held towards midnight of December 24


angga

Kaluguran daka angga tatawli.

Angga at mikipamangan, mangan kata.

As long as there's food to eat, let's eat.


yanga

type of earthen jar used to store rice for making busa


Pineda

Borrowed from Spanish Pineda. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Bautista

Borrowed from Spanish, from San Juan Bautista.


Cordero

Borrowed from Spanish Cordero, ancient occupational surname for a shepherd. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Gamboa

Borrowed from Spanish Gamboa, from Basque Ganboa. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Tamayo

Borrowed from Spanish Tamayo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Carreon

Borrowed from Spanish Carreón. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Tolentino

Borrowed from Spanish, after St. Nicholas of Tolentino (San Nicolás de Tolentino), from Tolentino in Italy.


Dizon

From Hokkien, possibly either 兒孫／儿孙 (jî-sun) or 二孫／二孙 (jī-sun / lī-sun), via Spanish Dizon, with /l/~/d/~/d͡ʑ/ allophony when the proceeding vowel is usually [i], [e], or [u] in Hokkien.

Sunshine Dizon, actress

Ryzza Mae Dizon, child actress and television personality

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Hokkien], notably borne by:

Hokkien
Thomas Barclay (missionary)
close back rounded vowel
close front unrounded vowel
close-mid front unrounded vowel


Ronquillo

Borrowed from Spanish Ronquillo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


kabalen

From ka- + balen (“town, homeland”). Compare Tagalog kabayan and kababayan.

countryman or someone from the same town


Galang

From galang (“respect”). Can be loosely translated as "honorable". Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Viray

From biray. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Pangilinan

⇒ Chamorro: Pangelinan

→ Tagalog: Pangilinan

From pangilin + -an. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Cunanan

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Tuazon

Borrowed from Spanish Tuazon/Tuason/Tuasun, from Hokkien 大孫／大孙 (tōa-sun).

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Hokkien] common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


Basco

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
José Basco y Vargas

Borrowed from Spanish Basco.
* (provincial capital of Batanes): Named after Spanish governor-general José Basco y Vargas
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

named-after

Basco (a municipality, the capital of Batanes, Cagayan Valley, Philippines)


simpan

(computer term) file being saved or stored


Guinto

From gintu. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Razon

Borrowed from Spanish Razón. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Yabut

From iabut. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Punzalan

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Punsalan.


Calma

From kalma (“fortune”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Mallari

From Apung Maliari, god of the moon in Kapampangan folklore, from maliari.


Liwanag

From Tagalog liwanag (“light”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Liuanag.


Manalang

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


alakdan

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish alacrán.


Peña

Borrowed from Spanish Peña. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Peña


dayami

→ Abenlen Ayta: dayami

→ Tagalog: dayami

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀami, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀami.


bumbunan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunbunan, from Proto-Austronesian *buNbuN, from root *buN. Doublet of bunbunan.


bituka

From Proto-Philippine *bituka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituka, from Proto-Austronesian *biCuka.


tahimik

tahímik (canonical)
-um- (affix)
tahimik (root)
actor
mang- (affix)
tahimik (root)
actor

pam-infl-table

tahimik

tahimik


mayumi

pretty; tender; delicate or refined in manners; demure; humble; modest (usually as of a woman)


talangka

Varuna litterata
Wikispecies:Varuna litterata


palapag

[pə.ləˈpäːɡ]

story (US)/storey (UK); floor (of a building)


manggas

Borrowed from Spanish mangas, plural of manga.


kebaitan

(medicine) birth (The act of being born)


makaba

[məˈxäː.bəʔ]


ilug

Borrowed from Tagalog ilog, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *iluʀ. If inherited, would have yielded *ili (via intermediate form *iluy, with monophthongization of /uj/ cf. api from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy).


Parungao

Borrowed from Tagalog Parungao. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


atup

From Proto-Philippine *qatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp (compare Indonesian atap and Malay atap, Cebuano atop, Hiligaynon atop, Bikol Central atop, Tagalog atip, Tausug atup, Rungus ta'ap, Tambunan Dusun ta'ap, Lotud ta'ap and Kimaragang ta'ap.)


maragul

pam-adj

maragul (plural mangaragul, superlative pekamaragul)

mangaragul (plural)
pekamaragul (superlative)


pamuntuk

I Rodrigo Duterte, iya pin ing kasalungsungang pamuntuk ning Pilipinas.

Rodrigo Duterte is the current president of the Philippines.


aslagan

[əsˈläː.ɡən]

Ati lu king bandang Aslagan ning Asya reng bangsang Tsina, Hapon, Mauling Korea ampong Pangulung Korea.

The countries of China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea are on the eastern part of Asia.


aslagan

[əsˈläː.ɡən]


laggiu

Makanyan mu naman kaya kasakitan dang masolu di tata ku at tata ra ibat kng mula ning yatu — bigu, danupan, mapagal, mag-obra dapot kalulu? Makatakut neng dang lagyu ing lagyu kung 'ortelanu'! At kauli ku kng bale, nanung akit da ring ...

1981, Rosalina Icban-Castro, Literature of the Pampangos:

But he avers, "Anggang e ku tutub king bale ning Apung Ginu, anggang keng bale ku, ababanggit ke ing lagyu ning Apung Ginu. Anggang kasalukuyan kong magobra. Halimbawa mipatalabu ku. Pirmi keng ababanggit ing lagyu ning Apung ...

2004, Ma. Catalina M. Tolentino, Lest We be Forgotten, →ISBN:

Dapot cailangan ing magviolin yang pasibayu at qng lagyu ning violin muquiat ya sana qng matas a bunduc ba'neng dungdungan ing yatu, canita maguing dapat ya qng babaing talna'na gamat. Palsinta'niamu i'Violeta. Palsinta'niamu at lalu ...

1981, Edna Manlapaz, Kapampangan Literature:

Nanu ya ing laggiu mu?

Nanu ka laggiu?


amanu

Possibly derived from Sanskrit आम्ना (āmnā, “to utter; mention”). Compare Malay amanat.

der

Dacal careting bague a 6 misulat, meingatla uli- ning tradicion, ina inalalnang 8an Pablo caring tesalonioenses qfig cumcumandasang mayap ing usuc a tinggapda. Catutuan-ullinan quing ing amanu ning Dios a miluid qning tradicion , ...

1875, Casalesayan ning pañgadding biñagan a Magapalaman quing catecismong picudtana ning P. Astete macayagpangnaman qñg catecismo ning P. Ripalda, page 23:

"Ngeni acu naman: paquiramdaman mung mayap uling iti ya na ing tauli nang amanu ning pialit mung tau." I'Miling canita tinalindiquing ya, canuari e na buring paquiramdaman itang pisasabian da, bista't lalu nong tiningid ding panamdam ...

Ing amanung sisuan

Ing amanung Kapampangan


galakgak

[ɡə.ləkˈɡäk]

Draco spilopterus
Wikispecies:Draco spilopterus

(obsolete) Philippine flying dragon (Draco spilopterus)


galang

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *gálaŋ. Cognate to Tagalog galang.

veneration; reverence (to God, one's parents, superiors, etc.)


Manalastas

From manalastas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


banyaga

[bənˈjäː.ɡə]

Borrowed from Malay berniaga (“trade”), ultimately from Sanskrit वाणिज्यक (vāṇijyaka, “merchant”), derived from वाणिज (vāṇija, “merchant, trader”). Compare Tagalog banyaga (“foreigner”), Ilocano baniaga. Second sense is a semantic loan from Tagalog banyaga.


atlu

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *təlu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təlu, from Proto-Austronesian *təlu.


Palad

From palad. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Isip

From Isip. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Ysip.


arung

From Proto-Northern Philippine *qaʔjuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ə(ŋ)juŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ujuŋ. Compare Ilocano agong.


asuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qasəb, from Proto-Austronesian *qasəb.


lintik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rintik (“steady dripping, as of sweat or drizzling rain”). Compare Javanese rintik, and Malay rintik.


kalangay

[kəˈläː.ŋäɪ̯]

Cacatua haematuropygia
Cacatua haematuropygia#Translingual

Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia)


dela Cruz

Borrowed from Spanish de la Cruz, a reference to the Holy Cross. Common surname adapted by many Filipinos during the Spanish colonial era upon conversion to Christianity.


apulu

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *puluq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *puluq.


Manabat

From man- + abat. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


Sotto

Borrowed from Spanish Soto. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Soto, later spelled with double T possibly by influence of Italian American surnames.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, originally spelled Soto


Gatus

Respelling of earlier Gatos, introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Sicat

From sikat. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Manaloto

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


terak

dance; a sequence of rhythmic steps or movements usually performed to music


siuala

[sɪˈwäː.ləʔ]

Borrowed from Malay suara (“voice”), from Sanskrit स्वर (svara, “voice; sound”). Compare Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ (swara).


Sibug

From sibug. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Ocampo

Borrowed from Spanish Ocampo, toponymic surname from Galician O Campo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish [in turn from Galician]


Quizon

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Hokkien]


Hizon

Possibly from Hokkien 耳孫／耳孙 (hī-sun, “great-great-great-great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)”), via Spanish Hizon.

der

Maximino Hizon, Filipino revolutionary general

a surname from Hokkien, most notably descendants of migrants from Macau to Parian, Mexico, Pampanga


Paras

From paras (“spicyness”). Not to be confused with eponymous Spanish surname.


Paguio

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


Cabungcal

Borrowed from Tagalog Cabungcal. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Pamintuan

From pintu + pang- -an. Literally, “to obey”. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Yanga

From yanga. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Pecson

From Hokkien [Term?], via Spanish Pecson. Compare Hokkien 伯 (pek) & 孫／孙 (sun). See also Hokkien 仲孫／仲孙 (Tiōng-sun), Tagalog Tiongson, Tagalog Cuizon, Hokkien 伯仲叔季 (“order of seniority among brothers from eldest to youngest”).


Lingad

From lingad. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Manlapaz

From mang- + lapas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


Tongol

From tungul. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Mananquil

From manangkil, from tangkil. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Sangalang

From sanggalang (“to resist”). Can be loosely translated as "defender". Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Sangalan


Maniego

Shortening of Samaniego (from Spanish, through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos), due to sa being interpreted as Tagalog sa.


Magpayo

Borrowed from Tagalog Magpayo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Laxamana

Respelling of Lacsamana under American influence.

a surname from Kapampangan [in turn from Sanskrit]


Melegrito

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Nucum

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Nocom.


sapatus

Borrowed from Spanish zapatos, zapato (“palisade”).


kabayu

Borrowed from Spanish caballo, from Latin caballus.


libu

From Malay ribu, from Proto-Philippine *ʀibu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀibu. Cognate of Tagalog libo.


sabung

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabuŋ. Compare Tagalog sabong.


ugtu

Compare Bikol Central udto, Hiligaynon ugtu and Cebuano udto.


Maniquiz

From mang- + tikis. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Maniquis.


taning

Borrowed from Tagalog taning (“time limit”).


balasenas

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish berenjenas (“eggplant”), plural of berenjena.


tinape

[tɪˈnäː.pɛː]


biabas

Borrowed from Spanish guayabas, plural form of guayaba.


Manguerra

[məŋˈɡɛː.rə]

From mang- + Spanish guerra. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

prefix

Spanish <i class="Latn mention" lang="es">guerra</i>


santing

Kasantinganan

Santing nanitang lalaki.

Masanting a lalaki.

Masanting a larawan.


kamuning

Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata#Translingual


arsobispo

Borrowed from Spanish arzobispo (“archbishop”).


mang-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-. Compare Malay meng-.

mang- + anak (“child”) → manganak (“to give birth”)

mang- + sali (“buying”) → manyali (“to go shopping”)

3rd actor trigger verb prefix
to practice the action of the root

(with root reduplication) Forms nouns signifying occupations or doer of the action expressed by the root


kamatsile

From Spanish cuamúchil, from Nahuatl cuauhmochitl.

Pithecellobium dulce
Pithecellobium dulce#Translingual

Pithecellobium dulce, a species of legume originally from Central America


atsi

a respectful title or form of address for an older woman


alimasag

Portunus pelagicus
Portunus pelagicus#Translingual


duldul

From Proto-Philippine *duldul (“thunder”). Compare Bikol Central daguldol and Agutaynen doldol.


batuin

From Proto-Philippine *bituqən with irregular metathesis of /i/ and /a/ (cf. Pangasinan bituën, Tagalog bituin, Cebuano bituon).


gintu

From Hokkien. Cognate with Tagalog ginto.


buyaw

From Proto-Austronesian *buRaw (compare Tagalog bugaw).


bukul

From Proto-Philippine *bukul, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkul (compare Tagalog bukol).


labung

Ultimately borrowed from Malay rebong (compare Tagalog labong)


bugbug

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bugbug (compare Tagalog bugbog).


ngusu

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *ŋusuq. Compare Bikol Central nguso and Tagalog nguso.


Dalusung

From dalusung (“go with force and agility”).


pandakaki

banana bush (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui)


ayungin

the silver perch (Leiopotherapon plumbeus)


balakat

Ziziphus talanai (a species of tree endemic to the Philippines)


luklukan

From lukluk + -an. Compare Tagalog luklukan.


kaluguran daka

[kə.lʊ.ɡʊˈɾän dəˈxä]


pakiramdam

Masaleseng pakiramdam?

Pakiramdam a pakiramdaman.


ayun

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hayun (“shake, sway, swing”). Compare Cebuano hayon, Malay ayun, and Javanese ꦲꦪꦸꦤ꧀ (ayun).


bakulo

From earlier bakulau. Compare Tagalog bakulaw.


abias

From Proto-Philippine *bəʀas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas. Cognates with Tagalog bigas, Cebuano bugas, and Malay beras.


baluk

birthmark on the body; blotch; a livid spot on the skin


damulag

Compare Bikol Central damulag and Tagalog damulag.


pihican

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative form of pihikan


bihira

[bɪˈjiː.ɾəʔ]


sanggalang

[səŋ.ɡəˈläŋ]


gayuma

Compare Tagalog gayuma. See also Cebuano gugma (“love”).

(obsolete) poisonous herb applied on weapons, like the spear or lance


alipugpug

Quing pauas ning lupamu cananmu ing tinape, anggang mulica qng gabun a que lalangaiunu, uling alipugpugca,t, sublica qng alipugpug. Caibatnang sinabi ning Dios iting macapangaligquig a atul.

1875, Casalesayan ning pañgadding biñagan a Magapalaman quing catecismong picudtana ning P. Astete macayagpangnaman qñg catecismo ning P. Ripalda, page 44:


malambut

ma- + lambut. Cognate of Tagalog malambot.


kakeuan

From earlier *kakayuan, from *kayu (“tree”) + ka- -an. Compare Pangasinan kakiewan and Tagalog kakahuyan.

Matua, mibalik ka, —ing gulisak nang Gloria, panakit nang tinakas y a iti, dapot ing matua, é mu ing é ya mibalik nuné bagkus na pang selusu ing kayang paman - yulmuk king kakewan.

1931, Aurelio Tolentino, buak nang ester sinulat neng:

"Old man, come back", Gloria cried, as she saw him escape, but the old man, did not only return, but he continued his journey into the forest.


talakituk

Caranx ignobilis
Caranx ignobilis#Translingual


lambut

Cognate with Tagalog lambot and Malay lembut.


palakul

Matalik la kaul king salu ning gabun ding kanakung yamut Inya naman eku malagwang miragsa o kaya maputput; Ing bukud sikanan a e ku asagka at kaku sumambut Ya ing palakul na ning kamatayan a kanaku mamutut.

1997, Querubin D. Fernandez, Bakas Panas: Katipunan Ding Maygit 100 a Piling Poesiyang Kapampangan, Querubin D. Fernandez Jr:


bakulud

From Proto-Philippine *bakúlud (“stoney plateau”). Compare Ilocano bakulod, Tagalog bakood, Hanunoo bakulod, Bikol Central bakulod, Aklanon bakueod, Cebuano bakulod, Hiligaynon bakolod, Maranao bakolod, and Tausug bakūd.

highland plain; plateau (rocky high ground, usually surrounded by lowlands from which it stands out)


santul

Borrowed from Malay sentul (compare Tagalog santol).

Kabukas mabubungsul ku, át inyang misublian kung diwa, ati ku king metung á balé malati king busal ning gubat babo ning ... Minurung ku't dinamput metung á batung mabie king gabun, kasingdagul yang santul, at.


aglahi

[əɡˈläː.jiʔ]


ngungut

Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera#Translingual


agpang king

according to (used with non-human objects)


dayat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat (“littoral sea”).


kuwaho

Borrowed from Hokkien, exactly which word is uncertain, but possibly from 看好 (khòaⁿ, hó͘, literally “look, yeah!”) or 看虎 (khòaⁿ hó͘, literally “watching the tiger”) (compare khanhoo). Compare the cognates Tagalog kuwaho and Spanish cuajo.

(card games) cuajo (a kind of gambling card game consisting of 144 cards played by three or four players)


ebun

→ Tagalog: ibon (“bird”)

From Proto-Central Luzon *ʔəybun, from Northern Proto-Philippine *ʀubun. Compare Sambali oybon.


tapung

From Proto-Philippine *tapuŋ. Compare Malay tepung.


pitna

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋaq. Compare Bikol Central tanga, Cebuano tunga (“half, middle, center”), Ilocano tengnga, Tagalog gitna (“middle”), and Malay tengah (“mid, amid”).


nante

what are we going to do?
what are we going to do?


magin

Possibly from obsolete root *ging (also possible to be *gi/*giq/*gin).

Magin yang kunewu.

Masakit maging kalulu.

Máging yang ayup.

Aliku buring maging kalupa nanita.

Megin yang malagu.


impu

From Hokkien, possibly 引婆 (ín-pô, “grandmother”) or 姆婆 (ḿ-pô, “grandaunt”). Also possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *impu (“grandparent”). Compare Tagalog impo.

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


nukarin

Nukarin ka wari makatuknang?


Kulitan

(historical) the ancient traditional writing system used to write Kapampangan language before the colonization by the Spaniards


Baliuag

Baliuag (a municipality of Bulacan, Philippines)


lupisak

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual

house lizard, common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)


kayi

Compare Tagalog kuwan, Bikol Central kuwan, Cebuano kuan.

so-and-so, whatchamacallit (placeholder name for a person or thing)


damdam

Possibly from either:
* from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəmdəm.
* from Sanskrit दंड (daṃḍa, “punishment, penalty”). Compare Malay dendam, Tagalog damdam.

der

Pakiramdam ku malulumud ku.

Penamdaman ne.

Makadamdam ka.

kapanamdaman ning pusu ku.


damdam

Damdamang kasakitan.


tangsu

Possibly an abbreviated form of Hokkien 青銅色／青铜色 (chhiⁿ-tâng-siak, “bronze color”) or Hokkien 銅索 (tâng-soh, literally “copper wire”). Compare Tagalog tanso.


dangal

From Old Malay dengar (“hear, listen”) with semantic shift influenced by Visayan languages such as Cebuano and Hiligaynon dungog (“honor”). Compare also Kapampangan bunyi (“acclaim, celebrate”) from Old Malay bunyi (“sound”).


isulud

Isulud me ini.


karayum

→ Tagalog: karayom

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *daʀum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.


pepalto

complete aspect of ipalto: to be emerged


bastagan

a frame or a wooden mount to stretch a fabric for sewing, embroidering or weaving of fishnets or mats


nanung pilawe-lawe mu

(rhetorical question, somewhat hostile) expresses discomfort because the interlocutor is looking at something; usually, this is said when the interlocutor has been staring at the speaker


calangay

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative form of kalangay


uak

From Proto-Philippine *uak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uak


kapatad

From ka- + patad. Compare Tagalog kapatid.


bawal

(Súlat Wáwâ) Alternative spelling of baual


mengaku

[mɛˈŋäː.xuʔ]


maplas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapəjəs. Doublet of maparas.

stinging, smarting (e.g. a wound, when medicine is applied)


talaib

Saccharum spontaneum
Saccharum spontaneum#Translingual


kalauang

[kəˈläː.wəŋ]


kalamunding

→ English: calamondin

→ Pangasinan: kalamunding

→ Spanish: calamondina

desctree

→ Tagalog: kalamunding
→ Hiligaynon: kalamunding


quiliquili

(Súlat Bacúlud) Alternative form of kilikili


kiling

Bambusa vulgaris
Bambusa vulgaris#Translingual


bunsu

Borrowed from Malay bongsu (“lastborn”), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋsu. Cognate with Tagalog bunso.


gaua

gauâ (canonical)
-um- (affix)
gaua (root)
actor
mang- (affix)
gaua (root)
actor
-an (affix)
gaua (root)

pam-infl-table

gaua

gaua

gaua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gawaq (“work, official activity”).


kutkut

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutkut.


kiyak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *iak. Compare Bikol Central iyak, Cebuano hilak, Malay iak, Tagalog iyak.


tigab

Possibly borrowed from Tagalog tigab, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təʀab, from Proto-Austronesian *Cəʀab (“a belch”).


lodyon

an exclamation expressing happiness, excitement, etc.


sarili

From sa + dili (“alone, self”). Also possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hadiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sadiʀi. Compare Bikol Central sadiri, Malay diri/sendiri, and Tagalog sarili.


sukad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sukat. Compare Aklanon sukat, Tagalog sukat, Malay sukat, and Tetum sukat.


maipas

full of cockroaches; infested with cockroaches


bangke

From Proto-Philippine *baŋkay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkay. Compare Bikol Central bangkay, Hiligaynon bangkay, Tagalog bangkay, and Indonesian bangkai.


atian

From Proto-Philippine *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN. Compare Tagalog tiyan.


kastuli

Borrowed from Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī).

bor+

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

abelmosk; musk mallow (Abelmoschus moschatus)


pamakiabe

the custom of maintaining acceptable relationships among members of a group; companionship; fellowship; camaraderie; comradeship

(literal) the act of coming together or residing in one place or home


delos Santos

Borrowed from Spanish de los Santos. Common surname adapted by many Filipinos during the Spanish colonial era upon conversion to Christianity.


atbu

From Proto-Philippine *təbu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbuh. Compare Tagalog tubó and Malay tebu.


Gapan

Gapan (a city in Nueva Ecija, Philippines)


katulunan

seer or shaman who communicates with supernatural beings such as gods and spirits through dreams or visions


Cabiao

Cabiao (a municipality of Nueva Ecija, Philippines)


de Jesus

a common religious-origin surname from Spanish


Cayanan

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Lubao

Lubao (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Guagua

Borrowed from Spanish Guagua, from Kapampangan uaua.

Guagua (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Baluyut

From baluyut. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos. Compare Tagalog Baluyot.


Balajadia

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Balahadia. The spelling is a Hispanization; H changed to J due to H being silent in Spanish.


kuintas

Borrowed from Spanish cuenta, cuentas (“beads”).


Pebreru

[pɛbˈɾɛː.ɾu]


Sasmuan

Sasmuan, a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines


sasmuan

(archaic) rendezvous; meeting place; gathering place


yamut

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ʀamut (cf. Sambali yamot, Ilocano ramot, Tagalog gamot (“medicine”), Cebuano gamot).


sasmu

to agree about meeting at a certain place and time


Gueco

a surname from Hokkien, common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


Nuqui

a Filipino-Japanese surname from Japanese


mekeni

From a univerbation of ume (“come”) + ka (“you”) + keni (“here”).


aguman

[ˌäːˈɡuː.mən]


abalak

[ˌäːˈbäː.lək]


Menila

[ˌmɛːˈniː.ləʔ]

Manila (a city, the national capital of the Philippines)


timaua

[tɪˈmäː.wəʔ]


dagul

From Proto-Philippine *dakəl. Doublet of dakal.


suklati

Borrowed from Spanish chocolate, from a Classical Nahuatl word, possibly from chocolātl.


amanung sisuan

From amanu + sisuan, meaning “breastfed language” or “nourishment language”. The word sisuan is derived from susu (“breast”).


pinanari

From pinan (“loincloth”) + ari (“king”). It's also possible that the second element is from Malay hari (“day”). Compare Tagalog bahaghari.


alaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daya, from Proto-Austronesian *daya (“upriver, toward the interior”). Compare Ilocano daya (“east”), Isnag mandaya (“upstream”), Batad Ifugao Dāya (“heaven”), Tagalog ilaya (“north”), Bikol Central iraya (“upstream; inland”), Masbatenyo iraya (“upstream; hinerland”), Cebuano ilaya (“area away from the coast or town”), Waray-Waray iraya (“farm”), Maranao raya (“upriver”), Kelabit dayeh (“upriver”), Malay barat daya (“southwest”), and Sangir dala (“interior”). From the view of the people living on the southern Kapampangan towns, the upstream of the Pampanga River seems to be coming from Mount Arayat or locally known as Bunduk Alaya. The sense “east” came from Kapampangan mythology where Apung Sinukuan, the god of the sun, is said to live on the mountain.

cog

metaphysics; the intangible, the metaphysical, the universal, the infinite, the divine, the life force or spirit


arobu

Borrowed from Spanish adobo (“delicacy of marinated meat”). Compare Tagalog adobo.

bor+

adobo (Philippine dish), usually substituting salt for soy sauce


dulubasa

Borrowed from Malay jurubahasa. Sense “expert” is possibly a semantic loan from Tagalog.


katauan

From tau + ka- -an. Compare Tagalog katawan.


tayum

→ Tagalog: tayom
→ Ilocano: tayum


bauang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bawaŋ (“garlic, onion”).


siklod

kneeling and kissing of the hands of elders (as a sign of respect)


pandi-pandi

Borrowed from Malay panji-panji (“banner, standard”)

bor+

a pennant, or little flag at the top end of something


maraya

[məˈɾäː.jəʔ]


asuang

From Greater Central Philippine *aswang (“witch”). Compare Tagalog aswang, Cebuano aswang, Hiligaynon aswang, and Malay ason (“evil spirit of the night”).

(folklore, mythology) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)


kaladdua

From Proto-Philippine *ka-du-duha. Compare Ilocano kararua and Tagalog kaluluwa.


kuneu

Borrowed from Spanish conejo (“rabbit”). Compare Tagalog kuneho.


buangin

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhaŋin (“sandbank, sand spit, shoal”). Possibly from *bu (“dust”) (c.f. abu) + angin (“wind”). Compare Tagalog buhangin.


kibit

to shrug; to movement of one's shoulders to signal disregard or indifference


uaua

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *wáqwaq (“mouth of a river”). Compare Tagalog wawa, Cebuano wawa, Aklanon wawa, Kankanaey wawa, Yami wawa (“sea”).

inh+

river mouth; river confluence; river estuary


larauan

[ləˈɾäː.wən]

From Proto-Philippine *ladawan. Compare Ilocano ladawan and Tagalog larawan.


atul

Borrowed from Malay atur (cf. Tagalog hatol).


auak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uak (“harsh cry; bellow; loud cry”) (cf. Tagalog uwak, Pangasinan wawak), also onomatopoeic of the sound crows or ravens make.


panaun

From pa- + naun. Compare Tagalog panahon.


kulayu

Compare Tagalog kuwago and Cebuano kulago.

Philippine eagle owl
w:en:Philippine eagle owl

owl (especially the Philippine eagle owl)


aldau

From Proto-Central Luzon *ʔaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw.


taklang-batuin

From takla (“dung”) + batuin (“star”). Compare Tagalog taeng-bituin.


Sulungdagis

From sulu (“torch; lamp; light”) + dagis (“mouse; rat”). Compare Tagalog Tanglaw-Daga and Ilaw-Daga.


Macabebe

From makabebe (“near the shore”), from maka- + bebe (“shore”).

Macabebe (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


bulalako

From Proto-Philippine *bulalakaw (“shooting star; kind of spirit”). Cognate with Tagalog bulalakaw (“meteor”).


Tagalug

[təˈɡäː.luɡ]


Tagalug

[təˈɡäː.luɡ]

Tagalog (pertaining to the Tagalog region, the Tagalog people, or the Tagalog language)


aluntiang

[ə.lʊnˈt͡ʃäŋ]


uari

Atin ka uaring pera?

Mikimamesus uari ka?


patipati

Ultimately from Sanskrit पारापत (pārāpata, “pigeon”).


uali

From Proto-Philippine *waji (“sibling”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji (“younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex”), from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji (“younger sibling”). Compare Malay adik.


Mal a Aldo

Literally, “Valued Day(s)”. Compare Tagalog Mahal na Araw.


maniaman

From ma- + niaman, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñaman. Compare Malay nyaman.

Ing bucud cung nais at diling pagduglan ing megawing isip canacung pacdayan, canyang panudtud ning malacac manyaman qñg mali nang dase ning

Mapait ya man ing apalia manyaman ya king bisa. Mas masikan ya ing sitsit kesa king gulisak. Masikan ya lub, maina ya tud. Mabalu ya ing makalulan, king singo ning dapukanan.

2003, Romeo C. Cabusao, Candaba: balayan ning leguan:


magpakapilanman

From magpa- + kapilan + man ("to do until whenever").


kabambie

From kaba (“length”) + -ng- + bie (“life”).


pipamanuluan

From pipaman- + ulu (“medicine, remedy”) + -an.

Mako ne pipamanuluan kaniyan.

(usually formal) hospital; clinic; dispensary


ikayu

Ikayu komusta nakayo?


tiuala

[tɪˈwäː.ləʔ]


panga-

panga- + lansangan (“street”) → pangalansangan (“in the middle of the street”)

panga- + pamipapate (“fights”) → pangapamipapate (“between the fights”)

panga- + lugud (“love”) → pangalugud (“in a form of love”)

panga- + babaleanan (“houses”) → pangababaleanan (“from your houses”)


kanita

Kanitang manigaral la.

Kanitang duminggu.

Miglakuwan naku kanita.


anyang kanita

Univerbation of anyang (“when”) + kanita (“before”).


Pulung Maragul

[pʊˈluŋ məˈɾäː.ɡul]

A barangay of Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines


siabukut

Centropus viridis
Centropus viridis#Translingual

the Philippine coucal (Centropus viridis)


aluage

a Philippine pygmy woodpecker (Yungipicus maculatus)


Sapang Biabas

A barangay of Mabalacat, Pampanga, Philippines


gubiernu

Borrowed from Spanish gobierno (“government”).


Sapang Bato

From sapang batu, literally, “stone creek”


qng̃

(Súlat Bacúlud) Alternative form of king


guintu

(Súlat Bacúlud) Alternative form of gintu


metung

From Proto-Central Luzon *maʔituŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qituŋ (“to count, think”). Compare Tausug itung.


pangaku

[pəˈŋäː.xuʔ]

From pang- + aku. Compare Tagalog pangako.


migaral

[mɪˈɡäː.ɾəl]


palacul

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative form of palakul


magaral

[məˈɡäː.ɾəl]

[ˈmäː.ɡə.ɾəl]

From mag- + aral. Compare Tagalog mag-aral.


magaral

mágaral (canonical)
mag- (affix)
aral (root)
actor

pam-infl-table

magaral

[məˈɡäː.ɾəl]

[ˈmäː.ɡə.ɾəl]


bangkala

[bəŋˈkäː.ləʔ]

Corruption of Sanskrit कङ्काल (kaṅkāla).


magpakamate

From mag- + pakamate. Compare Tagalog magpakamatay.


magpakamate

mágpakamate (canonical)
mag- (affix)
pakamate (root)
actor

magpakamate


talauk

From Proto-Philippine *taraquk, doublet of *taʀaquk.

(onomatopoeia) cock-a-doodle-doo; cry of a rooster


manalangin

mánalangin (canonical)
mang- (affix)
dalangin (root)
actor

manalangin


taruc

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative spelling of taruk


carayum

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative spelling of karayum


Malpitic

A barangay of San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines


pulicat

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative spelling of pulikat


Salapungan

A barangay of Tarlac City, Tarlac, Philippines


Manliclic

From manliklik, from liklik. Originated in Guagua.


Salusu

A barangay of San Simon, Pampanga, Philippines


Manalese

From manalese, from salese. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Ibpa Mi

From the incipit of the Kapampangan translation of the Lord's Prayer.
Literally, “Our Father”.


palengki

Borrowed from Spanish palenque (“palisade”).


Pandacaqui

A barangay of Mexico, Pampanga, Philippines


Sigua

From siggua (“very strong cyclonic wind”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Minalin

Minalin (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Porac

Porac (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


katmun

Compare Tagalog katmon and Cebuano katmon.

Dillenia philippinensis, a species of tree endemic to the Philippines


kuayan

From earlier kauayan, from Proto-Austronesian *kawayan (“bamboo”). Cognate to Tagalog kawayan.


kulug

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kudug (“thunder”). Cognate to Tagalog kulog.


bulaun

From a Sambalic language, from Central Proto-Philippine *hamurʔawən (“Vitex parviflora”), the change from M to B due to rebracketing. Doublet of mulauin, a borrowing from Tagalog. Cognate to Pangasinan bulawen.

der

molave (tree, Vitex parviflora or Vitex cofassus species, and its wood)


mulauin

Borrowed from Tagalog mulawin from Central Proto-Philippine *hamurʔawən (“Vitex parviflora”). Doublet of bulaun, a borrowing from Sambalic.


dikut

From Proto-Central Luzon *dikut (cf. Sambali dikot).


mabayat

From ma- + bayat. Cognate to Sambali mabyat and Tagalog mabigat.


tsismosu

Borrowed from Spanish chismoso, from chisme + -oso, from cisma, from Latin schisma, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”).


taksiapu

[ˌtäːkˈʃäː.puʔ]

From blend of antak (“cunt; vagina”) + masias (“hard”) + apu (“grandmother”).


parul

Borrowed from Spanish farol, from faro, from Latin pharus, from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros). Compare Tagalog parol.


matimyas

From ma- + timyas. Compare Tagalog matimyas


taggiang

Tagalog: tadyang

From Proto-Austronesian *tagəʀaŋ. Compare Ibatan taglang, and Pangasinan taglang.


atbus

ransom (money paid for the release of a captive)

redemption (as of mortgaged property, etc.)


aksidenti

Borrowed from Spanish accidente, from Latin accidentem.


Bacolor

Borrowed from Spanish Bácolor, modern variant of Spanish Bacolod, from bakulud (“elevated piece of land; highland plain; plateau”). Compare Tagalog Bacoor and Hiligaynon Bacolod.

Bacolor (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


kesiap

Borrowed from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”, literally “pickled fish juice”). Compare Indonesian kecap, English ketchup, Tagalog ketsap, Malay kicap, Dutch ketjap.

bor+

fish sauce (a fish brine byproduct from making bagoong, used as an ingredient or condiment in the Philippines)


apalia

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paria. Compare Tagalog ampalaya, apalya and Malay peria.


Banal a Espiritu

Partial calque of Spanish Espíritu Santo (“Holy Spirit”), from Latin Spīritus Sānctus (“Holy Spirit”), calque of Ancient Greek Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (Pneûma tò Hágion, literally “Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit”).

der

Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον


begukan

From bagukan + -i-, from baguk (“brine; pickle”) + -an. Literally, “that which is put in brine”.

A sautéed pork dish of the Philippines, flavoured with shrimp paste.


dakal a salamat

Literally, “many thanks”, or more loosely translated as “thanks a lot”.

lit

thank you very much; (informal) many thanks


pantalun

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek Παντελεήμων (Panteleḗmōn)bor.
Spanish Pantaleónder.
Italian Pantaloneder.
French pantalonbor.
Spanish pantalónbor.
Kapampangan pantalunBorrowed from Spanish pantalón.


paruminggu

/pəɾʊˈmiŋɡu/


balibagu

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

the sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)


kasua

Borrowed from Hokkien 虼蚻 (ka-choa̍h, “cockroach”). Compare Indonesian kecoak / kacoa, Thai กะจั๊ว (gà-júua).


ulaga

Borrowed from Malay harga, from Sanskrit अर्घ (arghá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“price, value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-ós, from *h₂elgʷʰ- (“to cost, have value”). Compare Aklanon haega, Tausug halga', Hindi आघ (āgh), and Persian ارزش (arzeš).