say

Coordinate term: soy

(informal) Term of address to a young female stranger


ate

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.


tutu

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqu (“true; real”). Compare Tagalog totoo and Cebuano tuo (“to believe”).


bulan

From Proto-Philippine *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)

moon (any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet)

month (period into which a year is divided)


pa

(informal, familiar, childish) clipping of papa


pun

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *puqun, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, from Proto-Austronesian *puqun. Compare Tagalog puno, Malay pohon, Indonesian pohon.


pat

Inherited from Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqət.


tau

táu (canonical)
tauo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
tawu (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *tau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau.


tau

taú (canonical)
tauo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
tawu (alternative)


lupa

From Sanskrit रूप (rūpa). Compare Ilocano rupa, and Malay rupa.


abu

From Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


anak

From Proto-Philippine *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


single

singlé (canonical)
singlai (alternative obsolete)
singlay (alternative obsolete)


lua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luhəq, from Proto-Austronesian *luSəq.


abac

Súlat Bacúlud and Ámung Sámson spelling of abak


eran

From earlier *aydan, from Proto-Philippine *haʀdan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haʀəzan.


pala

Borrowed from Malay pahala (“reward; grant”), from Sanskrit फल (phála, “fruit; benefit”).


pala

Borrowed from Spanish pala (“shovel; spade”).


laya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqia. Compare Tagalog luya.


nana

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq.


bira

Compare Kapampangan bigla, Tagalog bigla, Tausug bigla', and Karao bigla.

(by extension) severe beating by way of chastisement


soy

sóy (canonical)
say (feminine)
soy-soy (plural)
suy (alternative)

Coordinate term: say

(informal) Term of address to a young male stranger


bale

From Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.


batu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.


babi

From Proto-Philippine *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Compare Tagalog baboy.


nang

Compare Kapampangan ineng, Tagalog ineng.

Coordinate term: nung

(formal) Term of address to a young female by elders


Kapampangan

Kapampángan (canonical)
Capampañgan (alternative)
Capangpang̃an (alternative obsolete)

the Kapampangan language, spoken in the Philippines, in particular, Pampanga and Tarlac, both located north of Metro Manila

one of the native speakers of the Kapampangan language

the Kapampangan people, in particular, the natives of Pampanga and Tarlac in the island of Luzon in the Philippines


salita

Borrowed from Old Malay (compare modern Malay cerita (“tale”)), from Sanskrit चरित (carita, “course of life”).


tud

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.


durian

From Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.


nasa

Borrowed from Sanskrit लालसा (lālasā, “desire”).


Ian

Borrowed from English Ian, from Scottish Gaelic Eóin.


basa

Borrowed from Malay baca, from Sanskrit वाचा (vācā).


mais

Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno mahís.


mata

From Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


uran

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qudán, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


hilo

Borrowed from Spanish hilo (“thread, yarn”), from Latin filum.


hilo

Compare Bikol Central hilo, Cebuano hilo and Tagalog hilo.


iki

From monophthongization of Proto-Central Luzon *ikuy (cf. Sambali ikoy), from Proto-Philippine *ikuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *ikuʀ.


asu

From Proto-Philippine *asu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *asu.


taka

feeling of surprise, suspicion, wonder, curiosity, interest or awe (caused by something strange, unexpected, unbelievable, etc.)


lagu

lagû (canonical)
lago (alternative Spanish obsolete)

From Proto-Philippine *laguq (“to flourish, of plants”). Also possibly from Sanskrit लघु (laghú, “well; healthy; pleasing; agreeable; handsome; beautiful”). Compare Pangasinan lago (“healthy; robust individual”) and Tagalog lago (“luxuriant growth”).

cog

(originally figuratively) beauty (of a woman)

(obsolete) tenderness; softness (like a green fruit or shoot of a plant)


bie

bié (canonical)
biyai (alternative obsolete)
bye (alternative)
biye (alternative)

From earlier biyai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ. Compare Sambali biyay, Tagalog buhay, Ilocano biag.


awa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quhaw (compare Tagalog uhaw, Cebuano uhaw, Hiligaynon uhaw, Tausug uhaw, Waray-Waray uhaw), from Proto-Austronesian *quSaw.

(figurative) craving; strong desire (for something)


labi

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *ləbiq.


sanduk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sanduk (cf. Tagalog sandok (“ladle”), Malay sendok)


cha

Borrowed from Chinese 茶 (chá), highly likely via Cantonese caa⁴ rather than Hokkien tê.


laut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud influenced by Malay laut, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.


api

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hapúy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.


api

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ. Compare Tagalog apog.


salut

From Proto-Philippine *sarut (cf. Bikol Central sarot, Cebuano salot).


paras

Borrowed from Malay pedas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapəjəs. Doublet of aplas.


siku

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux.


kutu

From Proto-Philippine *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.


nasi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asi. Compare Malay nasi, and Old Javanese nasi.


manuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.


kasi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy, pity, affection”), compare Indonesian kasih, Malay kasih.


sakit

From Proto-Philippine *sakit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakit. Compare Tagalog sakit, Tongan mahaki, and Yogad takit.

sacuit (alternative obsolete)
saquit (alternative obsolete)

disease; sickness; illness; ailment; tough; difficult


susu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu, from Proto-Austronesian *susu. Compare Indonesian susu, Tagalog suso, Fijian sucu, Tongan huhu and Hawaiian ū.


susu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susuq. Compare Ilocano soso, Tagalog suso, Cebuano suso, Old Javanese susuh, and Balinese susuh.


pinggan

Borrowed from Malay pinggan, from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”) (compare Cebuano pinggan (“chinaware”), Tamil பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ, “ceramic”)).


layag

Borrowed from Tagalog layag, from Proto-Philippine *layaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ. If inherited, the expected form is *laye.


lango

lángo (canonical)
langao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
langau (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *laŋaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋaw.


langaw

From Proto-Philippine *laŋaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw.


lumut

From Proto-Philippine *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


takut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *matakut (compare Tagalog takot), from Proto-Austronesian *matakut.


apu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu, from Proto-Austronesian *apu. Compare Ilocano apo, Tagalog apo, Cebuano apu, Malay empu, and Cebuano umpu. Also possibly from Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).

bor

grandparent
term of address for one's grandparents

Apu Lusya


ket

Contraction from earlier kayat, inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaʀat (“to bite”), from Proto-Austronesian *kaʀaC (“to bite”).

inh+

cayat (alternative)
kayat (alternative)
quet (alternative)


lau

láû (canonical)
lauo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
lawu (alternative)

From Sanskrit राहु (rāhu, “Rāhu”). Compare Tagalog laho.

disappearance of one's emotion or feeling (of pain, tiredness, etc.)

(folklore, obsolete) eclipse monster that devours the moon


kaka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka (“elder sibling of the same sex”), from Proto-Austronesian *kaka (“elder sibling”). Compare Tagalog kaka.


tete

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay. Compare Cebuano taytay, Tagalog taytay, and Sambali taytay.


bebe

bébé (canonical)
bebai (alternative obsolete)

From earlier bebai, from Proto-Philippine *baybay. Compare Tagalog baybay.


balas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *badas (“grit, coarse sand, gravel”).


balen

Contraction of balayan (“place of houses”), from bale + -an. The final vowel "-e" morphs to "-ay" before suffixes. Compare Tagalog bayan.


talaba

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *talabá (“kind of shellfish; oyster”). Compare Bikol Central, Cebuano, and Tagalog talaba.


barkada

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish barcada (“gang of friends”), from Spanish barcada (“boatload”).

bor+

a close friend or a member of such group

group of people going together on a trip


dapat

Compare Tagalog dapat, Hiligaynon dapat, Malay dapat.

da't (alternative contraction)
dat (alternative contraction)

that which is right; that which is proper

behavior; manner or way of acting; conduct


daya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.


bage

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type”). Compare Tagalog bagay, Ilocano bagay.


kalma

→ Tagalog: kalma


alun

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalun.


mutia

From Sanskrit मुत्य (mutya). Compare Tagalog mutya.


sulat

Borrowed from Malay surat, from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).


pusu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusuq. Compare Tagalog puso and Ilocano puso.


pusu

Possibly related to Proto-Philippine *pus(e)qun. Compare Tagalog puson.


aua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quhaw (compare Tagalog uhaw, Cebuano uhaw, Hiligaynon uhaw, Tausug uhaw, Waray-Waray uhaw), from Proto-Austronesian *quSaw.


gatas

Borrowed from Tagalog gatas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatas.


sayang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sayaŋ (“too bad! it’s a pity! what a shame!”). Compare Bikol Central sayang, Tagalog sayang, and Malay sayang.

inh

waste; wasting (of a resource, talent, etc.)

waste of an opportunity; failure to take advantage

gradual loss, decrease, or destruction by decay, etc.


angin

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *haŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin.


maldita

Borrowed from Spanish maldita, from Latin maledicta, feminine of maledictus.


kutsara

kutsárâ (canonical)
kutiara (alternative)
kutyara (alternative)

/kʊˈt͡ʃaɾəʔ/

[kʊˈt͡ʃäː.ɾəʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish cuchara (“spoon”).


utak

→ Tagalog: utak


uyat

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC.


gunting

Likely from Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese, according to Blust (2010-2020).


pait

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqit, from Proto-Austronesian *paqiC.


kirut

shocked, surprised, startled, pain, ache, sting


baril

Borrowed from Malay bedil (“gun”), from Javanese bedil (“Java arquebus (Bedil tombak)”), from Tamil வெடில் (veṭil, “gunpowder”).


iya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia. Compare Bikol Central siya, Cebuano siya, Indonesian ia, Maori ia, and Waray-Waray hiya.

Ining talukbung aining iyang gawa ning kayang apu.

This veil is the very same one which her grandmother made.

the one; the identical one; the very same


sangle

sanglé (canonical)
sanglai (alternative obsolete)

From earlier sanglai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋəlaʀ (“to stir-fry, cook in a frying pan without oil”). Compare Tagalog sangag, Cebuano sanglag, Javanese sangan, Indonesian sangrai, and Malay selar. See also Tagalog sanglay.

inh

act of frying or roasting rice, corn, cacao, etc.


abala

From Proto-Philippine *abala. Compare Tagalog abala.

a family affair, something to be kept internal


kareta

Borrowed from Spanish carreta, from Old Spanish carreta, possibly borrowed from Old Catalan carreta, from carro + -eta. Compare Tagalog kareta, Tausug karita', Indonesian kereta, and Malay kereta.

etymon

sled; sledge (framework of boards mounted on wooden runners used to carry passengers and cargo especially on ice drawn by either horse, dogs, reindeer, or one or more people)

pushcart (small long narrow cart that can be pushed or pulled)


tamu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamu (“turmeric: Curcuma zedoaria”). Compare Tagalog tamo and Balinese ᬢᬫᬸ (tamu).

inh

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual

zedoary; white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria)


bukad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkaj. Compare Ilocano bekkag, Maranao bekar, Tagalog bukad.

opening; blossom, or bloom; unfolding (of flowers)


bulalakaw

[bʊ.ləˈläː.xäʊ̯]


butiti

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butiti. Cognate to Tagalog butete.


dala

Borrowed from Sanskrit धार (dhāra, “holding”), from the root धृ (dhṛ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Bikol Central dara, Cebuano dala, Tagalog dala.

bor+

load; something carried; something brought


dala

Compare Malay jera (“deterred; warned by experience”).

cog

feeling of being scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)

act of making someone feel scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)


dala

Borrowed from Malay jala, from Sanskrit जाल (jāla, “net”).


dalaga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dadaʀa (“maiden; virgin; unmarried girl”).


dalan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dálan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan. Compare Tagalog daan, Ilocano dalan, Cebuano dalan, and Malay jalan.


sabi

Compare Tagalog sabi and Bikol Central sabi.


dili

From Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hadiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sadiʀi. Compare Malay diri (“self”), Indonesian diri (“self”).


Martis

days of the week: aldo ning paruminggu: Duminggu · Lunis · Martis · Mierkulis · Huebis · Biernis · Sabadu [edit]


pulgas

Borrowed from Spanish pulgas, plural of pulga.


pande

From archaic form of pandai, from Malay pandai, from Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia), from Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, “learned; wise”).


tandang

Borrowed from Tagalog tandang (“rooster”).


abacan

Súlat Bacúlud and Ámung Sámson spelling of abakan


akasya

Borrowed from Spanish acacia, from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “shittah tree”), from ἀκή (akḗ, “point”), probably from Egyptian.


bayat

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bəʀat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)bəʀəqat (compare Sambali boyat, Tagalog bigat, Indonesian berat).


sisig

sísig (canonical)
sising (alternative misspelling obsolete)

sisig (Filipino dish made of parts of a pig's face and belly)


kaban

cavan (a measurement of around 75 liters)


bisa

Borrowed from Malay bisa (“poison”), from Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”). Compare Tausug bisa and Javanese ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa). Doublet of birus and virus.


lutu

From Proto-Philippine *lutuq (“ripe”). Possibly associated with color of fruits when ripe. Thus, related with the first etymology with the sense "ready to be eaten". Compare Hiligaynon luto (“ripe, also cooked”), and Maranao loto' (“ripe, also cooked”).


bengi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀŋi. Compare Bikol Central banggi, Southern Catanduanes Bicolano banggi, and Javanese ꦮꦼꦔꦶ (wengi).


koya

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien 哥仔 (*ko-iá) as per Chan-Yap (1980) with an older obsolete form of the diminutive suffix as a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ). Cognates with Tagalog kuya and Cebuano kuya.

a respectful title or form of address for an older man


kalamansi

Probably borrowed from Tagalog kalamansi.

Citrus × microcarpa
Citrus × microcarpa#Translingual

Citrofortunella mitis
Citrofortunella mitis

calamondin; calamansi (Citrus × microcarpa, syn. ×Citrofortunella mitis)


sinta

Borrowed from Malay cinta, from Sanskrit चिन्ता (cintā).

love (between man and woman, but also man for God, for country, etc.)

sweetheart; loved one; dear one; romance


dase

woven mat (for sleeping, flooring, etc.)


betis

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bətíʔəs, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətiəs, from Proto-Austronesian *bətiəs.


payung

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *payuŋ (compare Cebuano payong, Cia-Cia 빠우 (pa'u), Tagalog payong).

Tina Zambal: Ikon ko yay payong Botolan Zambal: Ikon koy ti ya payong Bolinao Zambal: Ikon ko yay payong Kapampangan: Kaku ya ing payung Ilocano: Kukuak dayta payong Tagalog: Akin iyong payong 2. English: The raincoat is yours.


danum

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danum, from Proto-Austronesian *daNum.


banua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua (“inhabited land”). Compare Cebuano banwa and Tagalog banwa.


inum

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inum. Compare Tagalog inom, Bikol Central inom, Cebuano inom, Hawaiian inu, Maguindanao minum, Malagasy mino, Malay minum, Maori inu, Tausug inum, Yami inom.

drinking; drink (of water, liquid, wine, etc.)


talinga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taliŋa, from Proto-Austronesian *Caliŋa.

ear (that which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal, such as a handle of a jar, kettle, or pitcher)


aldo

aldó (canonical)
aldao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
aldau (alternative archaic)
aldaw (alternative)

From earlier aldau, from Proto-Central Luzon *ʔaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw. Compare Bikol Central & Ilocano aldaw, Cebuano adlaw and Tagalog araw.


laban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laban (“oppose, go against someone”).


arap

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Compare Tagalog harap, Yakan harap, Malay hadap.


apir

Borrowed from English up here!, used to solicit a high five.


Agta

Aeta people (indigenous people of Negrito origin of the mountainous parts of Luzon)


uli

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ulíq (“return, restore”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uliq (“return home; return something; restore, repair; repeat; motion to and fro”). Compare Pangasinan oli, Bikol Central uli, Calamian Tagbanwa ulik, Cebuano uli, Tboli ulek, Tagalog uwi, Tausug uwi', Coastal Kadazan uhi and Javanese ꦲꦸꦭꦶꦃ (ulih).

inh

act of returning home (on one's hometown, province, country, etc.)

anything brought home by someone (especially from a trip)


babai

babái (canonical)
babay (alternative Spanish obsolete)
babayi (alternative)

[ˌbäːˈbäː.i]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *bahi (“woman, female”).

malagung babai

(3) [Kapampangan]⁴
a. Malagu ya ing babai.
beautiful ABS.3SG DET.ABS.SG woman
'The woman is beautiful.'

2005, Current Issues in Philippine Linguistics and Anthropology, page 340:


babai

bábái (canonical)
babay (alternative Spanish obsolete)
babayi (alternative)

[ˌbäːˈbäː.i]


malda

Borrowed from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “circle, multitude”). Compare Tagalog madla.


bagang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagəqaŋ (“molar tooth”).


aldaw

From Proto-Central Luzon *ʔaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw.


baliti

various species of Philippine ficus trees, a number of which are strangler figs


kandung

act of carrying something or someone on one's lap (such as of a child)


sulapawan

Pangyatung Sulapawan ning Clark


lihim

Borrowed from Tagalog lihim, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lihim.


lagnat

Compare Cebuano hilanat and Tagalog lagnat.


lasuna

Borrowed from Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna, “garlic, onion”).


kuting

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutiŋ.


tamatis

Borrowed from Spanish tomates, plural of tomate (“tomato”).


gubat

From Proto-Philippine *gúbat (“jungle, idle land”). Displaced by pastulan.
The sense "forest" is a semantic loan from Tagalog gubat.


uling

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qujiŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qujiŋ.


kamantigi

camantigui (alternative)
camantigi (alternative)

Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina#Translingual


balbal

shattered pieces (of glassware, earthenware, etc.)


inge

ínge (canonical)
ingai (alternative archaic)

→ Tagalog: ingay

From earlier ingai, from inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiŋəʀ (“loud, unpleasant noise”). Compare Ilocano ingar (“growl”), Pangasinan ingal (“noise”), Tagalog ingay, Hanunoo ingay (“noise”), Cebuano ingog (“piercing sound”), and Malay hingar (“noise”).


angkla

Borrowed from Spanish ancla, from Latin ancora, from Ancient Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkura).


tsismosa

Borrowed from Spanish chismosa, from chisme + -osa, from cisma, from Latin schisma, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”).

der

female equivalent of tsismosu: gossip girl; female gossiper; female newsmonger


ulap

Compare Tagalog ulap (“cloud”) and Ilocano ulep (“cloud”).


buak

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək (cf. Pangasinan buëk, Tagalog buhok, Tausug buhuk)


butu

From Proto-Philippine *butuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butuq, from Proto-Austronesian *buCuq. Cognate to Cebuano buto (“testicle (dialectal); female genitalia (vulgar)”) and Malay butuh (“penis”)


kutsarita

Borrowed from Spanish cucharita (“teaspoon”).


pisngi

From Proto-Philippine *pis(e)ŋí (“cheeks”).


amian

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qamihan, from Proto-Austronesian *qamiS.

cold dry season between October and February


abagat

Borrowed from Tagalog habagat, from Proto-Philippine *habaʀat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat.


pusad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəj (cf. Tagalog pusod, Malay pusat).


ipas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ipəs, from Proto-Austronesian *Sipəs. Compare Sambali ipoh, Malay lipas, Tagalog ipis.


ulas

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *uləs (“blanket”).


bunduk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunduk. Compare Tagalog bundok.


bayani

→ Tagalog: bayani

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *baʀani, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀani (“brave, bold; dare to do”). Cognate with Cebuano bagani, Maranao bagani, Malay berani, and Marshallese peran.


palara

Possibly from Malay perada (“tinsel; gold foil”), ultimately from Sanskrit पारद (pārada, “mercury; quicksilver”).

foil (thin aluminum or tin used to wrap food)


sampagita

sampagíta (canonical)
sampaguita (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish sampaguita, from sampaga + -ita.

bor+

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual


timbang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timbaŋ (“balanced”).


sandata

Borrowed from Malay senjata (cf. Tagalog sandata)


lagari

Borrowed from Malay gergaji, ultimately from Sanskrit क्रकच (krakaca, “saw”).


lara

Borrowed from Malay lada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq

Capsicum; a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae

the fruit of these plants; a chili pepper or bell pepper


tisoy

tisóy (canonical)
tisay (feminine)
tisuy (alternative)

mestizo (especially of a Spanish or Caucasian mix)

(by extension) fair-skinned male (with a Spanish or Caucasian mix)


noche buena

Borrowed from Spanish Nochebuena, from noche buena.

a traditional dinner held towards midnight of December 24


yanga

type of earthen jar used to store rice for making busa


kabalen

kabalén (canonical)
cabalen (alternative)

From ka- + balen (“town, homeland”). Compare Tagalog kabayan and kababayan.

countryman or someone from the same town


simpan

(computer term) file being saved or stored


alakdan

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish alacrán.


dayami

→ Abenlen Ayta: dayami

→ Tagalog: dayami

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀami, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀami.


bumbunan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunbunan, from Proto-Austronesian *buNbuN, from root *buN. Doublet of bunbunan.


bituka

From Proto-Philippine *bituka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituka, from Proto-Austronesian *biCuka.


kuliglig

kuliglíg (canonical)
culiglig (alternative)


talangka

Varuna litterata
Wikispecies:Varuna litterata


palapag

story (US)/storey (UK); floor (of a building)


manggas

Borrowed from Spanish mangas, plural of manga.


kamandag

kamandág (canonical)
camandag (alternative)


parisukat

parisúkat (canonical)
parisucat (alternative)


kebaitan

kébaitan (canonical)
quebaitan (alternative)
kebayitan (alternative)

(medicine) birth (The act of being born)


atup

From Proto-Philippine *qatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp (compare Indonesian atap and Malay atap, Cebuano atop, Hiligaynon atop, Bikol Central atop, Tagalog atip, Tausug atup, Rungus ta'ap, Tambunan Dusun ta'ap, Lotud ta'ap and Kimaragang ta'ap.)


ilug

Borrowed from Tagalog ilog, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *iluʀ. If inherited, would have yielded *ili (via intermediate form *iluy, with monophthongization of /uj/ cf. api from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy).


pintakasi

pintakási (canonical)
pintacasi (alternative)


aslagan

[əsˈläː.ɡən]

Ati lu king bandang Aslagan ning Asya reng bangsang Tsina, Hapon, Mauling Korea ampong Pangulung Korea.

The countries of China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea are on the eastern part of Asia.


pamuntuk

I Rodrigo Duterte, iya pin ing kasalungsungang pamuntuk ning Pilipinas.

Rodrigo Duterte is the current president of the Philippines.


galakgak

[ɡə.ləkˈɡäk]

Draco spilopterus
Wikispecies:Draco spilopterus

(obsolete) Philippine flying dragon (Draco spilopterus)


amanu

Possibly derived from Sanskrit आम्ना (āmnā, “to utter; mention”). Compare Malay amanat.

der

Dacal careting bague a 6 misulat, meingatla uli- ning tradicion, ina inalalnang 8an Pablo caring tesalonioenses qfig cumcumandasang mayap ing usuc a tinggapda. Catutuan-ullinan quing ing amanu ning Dios a miluid qning tradicion , ...

1875, Casalesayan ning pañgadding biñagan a Magapalaman quing catecismong picudtana ning P. Astete macayagpangnaman qñg catecismo ning P. Ripalda, page 23:

"Ngeni acu naman: paquiramdaman mung mayap uling iti ya na ing tauli nang amanu ning pialit mung tau." I'Miling canita tinalindiquing ya, canuari e na buring paquiramdaman itang pisasabian da, bista't lalu nong tiningid ding panamdam ...

1981, Edna Manlapaz, Kapampangan Literature:

Ing amanung sisuan

Ing amanung Kapampangan


laggiu

laggiû (canonical)
lag-guio (alternative Spanish obsolete)
laguiu (alternative)
lagiu (alternative)
lagyu (alternative)

Makanyan mu naman kaya kasakitan dang masolu di tata ku at tata ra ibat kng mula ning yatu — bigu, danupan, mapagal, mag-obra dapot kalulu? Makatakut neng dang lagyu ing lagyu kung 'ortelanu'! At kauli ku kng bale, nanung akit da ring ...

1981, Rosalina Icban-Castro, Literature of the Pampangos:

But he avers, "Anggang e ku tutub king bale ning Apung Ginu, anggang keng bale ku, ababanggit ke ing lagyu ning Apung Ginu. Anggang kasalukuyan kong magobra. Halimbawa mipatalabu ku. Pirmi keng ababanggit ing lagyu ning Apung ...

2004, Ma. Catalina M. Tolentino, Lest We be Forgotten, →ISBN:

Dapot cailangan ing magviolin yang pasibayu at qng lagyu ning violin muquiat ya sana qng matas a bunduc ba'neng dungdungan ing yatu, canita maguing dapat ya qng babaing talna'na gamat. Palsinta'niamu i'Violeta. Palsinta'niamu at lalu ...

Nanu ya ing laggiu mu?

Nanu ka laggiu?


galang

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *gálaŋ. Cognate to Tagalog galang.

veneration; reverence (to God, one's parents, superiors, etc.)


banyaga

banyága (canonical)
bangyaga (alternative)

[bənˈjäː.ɡə]

Borrowed from Malay berniaga (“trade”), ultimately from Sanskrit वाणिज्यक (vāṇijyaka, “merchant”), derived from वाणिज (vāṇija, “merchant, trader”). Compare Tagalog banyaga (“foreigner”), Ilocano baniaga. Second sense is a semantic loan from Tagalog banyaga.


arung

árung (canonical)
aron (alternative Spanish obsolete)

From Proto-Northern Philippine *qaʔjuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ə(ŋ)juŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ujuŋ. Compare Ilocano agong.


asuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qasəb, from Proto-Austronesian *qasəb.


nung

nang (feminine)
nu (alternative)
nun (alternative)
neng (alternative)
nen (alternative)

From Proto-Central Philippine *kuN (“if”). Compare Bikol Central kun, Cebuano kon, Tagalog kung.

Coordinate term: nang

(formal) Term of address to a young male by elders


lintik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rintik (“steady dripping, as of sweat or drizzling rain”). Compare Javanese rintik, and Malay rintik.


kalangay

kalángay (canonical)
calangay (alternative)

[kəˈläː.ŋäɪ̯]

Cacatua haematuropygia
Cacatua haematuropygia#Translingual

Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia)


kamatayan

kamatáyan (canonical)
camatayan (alternative)


terak

dance; a sequence of rhythmic steps or movements usually performed to music


siuala

[sɪˈwäː.ləʔ]

Borrowed from Malay suara (“voice”), from Sanskrit स्वर (svara, “voice; sound”). Compare Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ (swara).


sapatus

Borrowed from Spanish zapatos, zapato (“palisade”).


kabayu

Borrowed from Spanish caballo, from Latin caballus.


sabung

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabuŋ. Compare Tagalog sabong.


libu

From Malay ribu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀibu. Cognate of Tagalog libo.


ugtu

Compare Bikol Central udto, Hiligaynon ugtu and Cebuano udto.

ogto (alternative Spanish obsolete)
udtu (alternative)


taning

Borrowed from Tagalog taning (“time limit”).


pulikat

pulíkat (canonical)
pulicat (alternative)


balasenas

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish berenjenas (“eggplant”), plural of berenjena.


tinape

[tɪˈnäː.pɛː]


biabas

Borrowed from Spanish guayabas, plural form of guayaba.


santing

Kasantinganan.

Santing nanitang lalaki.

Masanting a lalaki.

Masanting a larawan.


kamuning

Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata#Translingual


arsobispo

Borrowed from Spanish arzobispo (“archbishop”).


kamatsile

From Spanish cuamúchil, from Nahuatl cuauhmochitl. Cognate with English camachile.

Pithecellobium dulce
Pithecellobium dulce#Translingual

Pithecellobium dulce, a species of legume originally from Central America


atsi

a respectful title or form of address for an older woman


alimasag

Portunus pelagicus
Portunus pelagicus#Translingual


batuin

From Proto-Philippine *bituqən with irregular metathesis of /i/ and /a/ (cf. Pangasinan bituën, Tagalog bituin, Cebuano bituon).


duldul

From Proto-Philippine *duldul (“thunder”). Compare Bikol Central daguldol and Agutaynen doldol.


gintu

gintû (canonical)
guinto (alternative obsolete)
guintu (alternative)

From Hokkien. Cognate with Tagalog ginto.


labung

Ultimately borrowed from Malay rebong (compare Tagalog labong)


bukul

From Proto-Philippine *bukul, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkul (compare Tagalog bukol).


bugbug

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bugbug (compare Tagalog bugbog).


ngusu

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *ŋusuq. Compare Bikol Central nguso and Tagalog nguso.


pandakaki

banana bush (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui)


ayungin

the silver perch (Leiopotherapon plumbeus)


balakat

Ziziphus talanai (a species of tree endemic to the Philippines)


luklukan

From lukluk + -an. Compare Tagalog luklukan.


pakiramdam

From paki- + damdam (“sense; impression; hear”).

prefix

Masaleseng pakiramdam?

'Pakiramdam a pakiramdaman.


ayun

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hayun (“shake, sway, swing”). Compare Cebuano hayon, Malay ayun, and Javanese ꦲꦪꦸꦤ꧀ (ayun).


bakulo

bakúló (canonical)
baculao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
baculau (alternative)
baculo (alternative)
bakulaw (alternative)
bakulau (alternative)

From earlier bakulau. Compare Tagalog bakulaw.


abias

From Proto-Philippine *bəʀas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas. Cognates with Tagalog bigas, Cebuano bugas, and Malay beras.


baluk

birthmark on the body; blotch; a livid spot on the skin


damulag

Compare Bikol Central damulag and Tagalog damulag.


gayuma

Compare Tagalog gayuma. See also Cebuano gugma (“love”).

(obsolete) poisonous herb applied on weapons, like the spear or lance


bakulud

bakúlud (canonical)
baculud (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bakúlud (“stoney plateau”). Compare Ilocano bakulod, Tagalog bakood, Hanunoo bakulod, Bikol Central bakulod, Aklanon bakueod, Cebuano bakulod, Hiligaynon bakolod, Maranao bakolod, and Tausug bakūd.

highland plain; plateau (rocky high ground, usually surrounded by lowlands from which it stands out)


alipugpug

Quing pauas ning lupamu cananmu ing tinape, anggang mulica qng gabun a que lalangaiunu, uling alipugpugca,t, sublica qng alipugpug. Caibatnang sinabi ning Dios iting macapangaligquig a atul.

1875, Casalesayan ning pañgadding biñagan a Magapalaman quing catecismong picudtana ning P. Astete macayagpangnaman qñg catecismo ning P. Ripalda, page 44:


kakeuan

kakéuan (canonical)
caqueuan (alternative)
cakeuan (alternative)
kakewan (alternative)

From earlier *kakayuan, from *kayu (“tree”) + ka- -an. Compare Pangasinan kakiewan and Tagalog kakahuyan.

Matua, mibalik ka, —ing gulisak nang Gloria, panakit nang tinakas y a iti, dapot ing matua, é mu ing é ya mibalik nuné bagkus na pang selusu ing kayang paman - yulmuk king kakewan.

1931, Aurelio Tolentino, buak nang ester sinulat neng:

"Old man, come back", Gloria cried, as she saw him escape, but the old man, did not only return, but he continued his journey into the forest.


palakul

Matalik la kaul king salu ning gabun ding kanakung yamut Inya naman eku malagwang miragsa o kaya maputput; Ing bukud sikanan a e ku asagka at kaku sumambut Ya ing palakul na ning kamatayan a kanaku mamutut.

1997, Querubin D. Fernandez, Bakas Panas: Katipunan Ding Maygit 100 a Piling Poesiyang Kapampangan, Querubin D. Fernandez Jr:


lambut

Cognate with Tagalog lambot and Malay lembut.


sampaluk

sampáluk (canonical)
sampaluc (alternative)


santul

Borrowed from Malay sentul (compare Tagalog santol).

Kabukas mabubungsul ku, át inyang misublian kung diwa, ati ku king metung á balé malati king busal ning gubat babo ning ... Minurung ku't dinamput metung á batung mabie king gabun, kasingdagul yang santul, at.


talakituk

Caranx ignobilis
Caranx ignobilis#Translingual


ngungut

Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera#Translingual


dayat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat (“littoral sea”).


kedayatmalatan

kadayatmalatan (alternative)
karayatmalatan (alternative)
kerayatmalatan (alternative)


karayatmalatan

carayatmalatan (alternative)
querayatmalatan (alternative)
kadayatmalatan (alternative)
kedayatmalatan (alternative)
kerayatmalatan (alternative)


kerayatmalatan

kadayatmalatan (alternative)
kedayatmalatan (alternative)
karayatmalatan (alternative)


kuwaho

Borrowed from Hokkien, exactly which word is uncertain, but possibly from 看好 (khòaⁿ, hó͘, literally “look, yeah!”) or 看虎 (khòaⁿ hó͘, literally “watching the tiger”) (compare khanhoo). Compare the cognates Tagalog kuwaho and Spanish cuajo.

(card games) cuajo (a kind of gambling card game consisting of 144 cards played by three or four players)


ebun

→ Tagalog: ibon (“bird”)

From Proto-Central Luzon *ʔəybun, from Northern Proto-Philippine *ʀubun. Compare Sambali oybon.


tapung

From Proto-Philippine *tapuŋ. Compare Malay tepung.


impu

From Hokkien, possibly 引婆 (ín-pô, “grandmother”) or 姆婆 (ḿ-pô, “grandaunt”). Also possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *impu (“grandparent”). Compare Tagalog impo.

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


Kulitan

(historical) the ancient traditional writing system used to write Kapampangan language before the colonization by the Spaniards


lupisak

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual

house lizard, common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)


kayi

Compare Tagalog kuwan, Bikol Central kuwan, Cebuano kuan.

so-and-so, whatchamacallit (placeholder name for a person or thing)


damdam

Possibly from either:
* from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəmdəm.
* from Sanskrit दंड (daṃḍa, “punishment, penalty”). Compare Malay dendam, Tagalog damdam.

der

ramdam (alternative)
randam (alternative)

Pakiramdam ku malulumud ku.

Makadamdam ka.

Penamdaman ne.

kapanamdaman ning pusu ku.


tangsu

Possibly an abbreviated form of Hokkien 青銅色／青铜色 (chhiⁿ-tâng-siak, “bronze color”) or Hokkien 銅索 (tâng-soh, literally “copper wire”). Compare Tagalog tanso.


kabaung

kabáung (canonical)
cabaung (alternative)


karayum

karáyum (canonical)
carayum (alternative)

→ Tagalog: karayom

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *daʀum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.


bastagan

a frame or a wooden mount to stretch a fabric for sewing, embroidering or weaving of fishnets or mats


calangay

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) alternative form of kalangay


uak

From Proto-Philippine *uak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uak

uac (alternative)
wak (alternative)
uwak (alternative)


kapatad

From ka- + patad. Compare Tagalog kapatid.


abukadu

abukádu (canonical)
abucadu (alternative)


baiki

baiqui (alternative)
bayiki (alternative)


magdamag

[məɡ.dəˈmäɡ]

From mag- + damag. Compare Tagalog magdamag.


talaib

Saccharum spontaneum
Saccharum spontaneum#Translingual


kalauang

kaláuang (canonical)
calauang (alternative)
kalawang (alternative)

[kəˈläː.wəŋ]


kalamunding

→ English: calamondin

→ Pangasinan: kalamunding

→ Spanish: calamondina

desctree

→ Tagalog: kalamunding
→ Hiligaynon: kalamunding


quiliquili

(Súlat Bacúlud) alternative form of kilikili


kiling

kilíng (canonical)
quiling (alternative)

Bambusa vulgaris
Bambusa vulgaris#Translingual


bunsu

Borrowed from Malay bongsu (“lastborn”), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋsu. Cognate with Tagalog bunso.


kutkut

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutkut.


kiyak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *iak. Compare Bikol Central iyak, Cebuano hilak, Malay iak, Tagalog iyak.


pakuan

pacuan (alternative)
pakwan (alternative)


tigab

Possibly borrowed from Tagalog tigab, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təʀab, from Proto-Austronesian *Cəʀab (“a belch”).


sindak

Kalye sindak.

Paten king sindak I Barbara.

Sindak a sindak ku.

Sindak kareng milyari.


sukad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sukat. Compare Aklanon sukat, Tagalog sukat, Malay sukat, and Tetum sukat.


kawalan

Syncopic form of kawalanan, from ala + ka- -an. Compare Tagalog kawalan.

kayalan (alternative)
kaalan (alternative)
kawalanan (alternative)


bangke

From Proto-Philippine *baŋkay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkay. Compare Bikol Central bangkay, Hiligaynon bangkay, Tagalog bangkay, and Indonesian bangkai.


atian

From Proto-Philippine *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN. Compare Tagalog tiyan.


kastuli

kastulì (canonical)
castuli (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī).

bor+

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

abelmosk; musk mallow (Abelmoschus moschatus)


pamakiabe

the custom of maintaining acceptable relationships among members of a group; companionship; fellowship; camaraderie; comradeship

(literal) the act of coming together or residing in one place or home


atbu

From Proto-Philippine *təbu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbuh. Compare Tagalog tubó and Malay tebu.


katulunan

katulúnan (canonical)
catulunan (alternative)
catolonan (alternative Spanish archaic)

seer or shaman who communicates with supernatural beings such as gods and spirits through dreams or visions


kuintas

kuintás (canonical)
cuintas (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cuenta, cuentas (“beads”).


Pebreru

[pɛbˈɾɛː.ɾu]


Mierkulis

Miérkulis (canonical)
Mierculis (alternative)


sasmuan

(archaic) rendezvous; meeting place; gathering place


yamut

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ʀamut (cf. Sambali yamot, Ilocano ramot, Tagalog gamot (“medicine”), Cebuano gamot).


kamau

camau (alternative)
camauo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
kamawu (alternative)


aguman

[ˌäːˈɡuː.mən]


batiauan

batiáuan (canonical)
batiawan (alternative)
batyawan (alternative)


dagul

From Proto-Philippine *dakəl. Doublet of dakal.


suklati

sukláti (canonical)
suclati (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish chocolate, from a Classical Nahuatl word, possibly from chocolātl.


amanung sisuan

amánung sísuan (canonical)
amanung siswan (alternative)

From amanu + sisuan, meaning “breastfed language” or “nourishment language”. The word sisuan is derived from susu (“breast”).


alaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daya, from Proto-Austronesian *daya (“upriver, toward the interior”). Compare Ilocano daya (“east”), Isnag mandaya (“upstream”), Batad Ifugao Dāya (“heaven”), Tagalog ilaya (“north”), Bikol Central iraya (“upstream; inland”), Masbatenyo iraya (“upstream; hinerland”), Cebuano ilaya (“area away from the coast or town”), Waray-Waray iraya (“farm”), Maranao raya (“upriver”), Kelabit dayeh (“upriver”), Malay barat daya (“southwest”), and Sangir dala (“interior”). From the view of the people living on the southern Kapampangan towns, the upstream of the Pampanga River seems to be coming from Mount Arayat or locally known as Bunduk Alaya. The sense “east” came from Kapampangan mythology where Apung Sinukuan, the god of the sun, is said to live on the mountain.

cog

metaphysics; the intangible, the metaphysical, the universal, the infinite, the divine, the life force or spirit


pinanari

pinanárî (canonical)
pinangari (alternative)
pinan-ari (alternative)

From pinan (“loincloth”) + ari (“king”). It's also possible that the second element is from Malay hari (“day”). Compare Tagalog bahaghari.


arobu

Borrowed from Spanish adobo (“delicacy of marinated meat”). Compare Tagalog adobo.

bor+

adobo (Philippine dish), usually substituting salt for soy sauce


dulubasa

Borrowed from Malay jurubahasa. Sense “expert” is possibly a semantic loan from Tagalog.


katauan

katáuan (canonical)
catauan (alternative)
katawan (alternative)

From tau + ka- -an. Compare Tagalog katawan.


tayum

→ Tagalog: tayom
→ Ilocano: tayum


bauang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bawaŋ (“garlic, onion”).


siklod

kneeling and kissing of the hands of elders (as a sign of respect)


pandi-pandi

Borrowed from Malay panji-panji (“banner, standard”)

bor+

a pennant, or little flag at the top end of something


asuang

From Greater Central Philippine *aswang (“witch”). Compare Tagalog aswang, Cebuano aswang, Hiligaynon aswang, and Malay ason (“evil spirit of the night”).

(folklore, mythology) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)


kaladdua

kaladduâ (canonical)
caladdua (alternative)
kaladwa (alternative)
kaladua (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *ka-du-duha. Compare Ilocano kararua and Tagalog kaluluwa.


kuneu

kunéu (canonical)
cuneu (alternative)
kunewu (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish conejo (“rabbit”). Compare Tagalog kuneho.


buangin

buángin (canonical)
bwangin (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhaŋin (“sandbank, sand spit, shoal”). Possibly from *bu (“dust”) (cf. abu) + angin (“wind”). Compare Tagalog buhangin.


uaua

uáuâ (canonical)
guagua (alternative Spanish obsolete)
vaua (alternative Spanish obsolete)
wawa (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *wáqwaq (“mouth of a river”). Compare Tagalog wawa, Cebuano wawa, Aklanon wawa, Kankanaey wawa, Yami wawa (“sea”).

inh+

river mouth; river confluence; river estuary


kursunada

Borrowed from Spanish corazonada (“hunch”).

bor+

liking; preference; something or someone liked

impulsive or thrilled attack or assault of a stranger


larauan

laráuan (canonical)
larawan (alternative)

[ləˈɾäː.wən]

From Proto-Philippine *ladawan. Compare Ilocano ladawan and Tagalog larawan.


auak

áuak (canonical)
auac (alternative)
awac (alternative)
awak (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uak (“harsh cry; bellow; loud cry”) (cf. Tagalog uwak, Pangasinan wawak), also onomatopoeic of the sound crows or ravens make.


atul

Borrowed from Malay atur (cf. Tagalog hatol).


panaun

From pa- + naun. Compare Tagalog panahon.

panaon (alternative Spanish obsolete)
panawun (alternative)


kulayu

kuláyû (canonical)
culayo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
culayu (alternative)

Compare Tagalog kuwago and Cebuano kulago.

Philippine eagle owl
w:en:Philippine eagle owl

owl (especially the Philippine eagle owl)


aldau

From Proto-Central Luzon *ʔaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw.


bulio

bulió (canonical)
bulyao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
buliau (alternative obsolete)
bulyau (alternative obsolete)
bulyaw (alternative)
bulyo (alternative)


bulalako

bulalákó (canonical)
bulalacao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
bulalacau (alternative)
bulalakaw (alternative)
bulalaco (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bulalakaw (“shooting star; kind of spirit”). Cognate with Tagalog bulalakaw (“meteor”).


taklang-batuin

From takla (“dung”) + batuin (“star”). Compare Tagalog taeng-bituin.

taclang-batuin (alternative)
taklang-batwin (alternative)


Tagalug

[təˈɡäː.luɡ]


aluntiang

[ə.lʊnˈt͡ʃäŋ]

aluntian (alternative)
aluntiag (alternative)


patipati

patipáti (canonical)
pati-pati (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit पारापत (pārāpata, “pigeon”).


uali

From Proto-Philippine *waji (“sibling”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji (“younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex”), from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji (“younger sibling”). Compare Malay adik.


kabambie

kábambié (canonical)
kabang-bie (alternative)

From kaba (“length”) + -ng- + bie (“life”).


pipamanuluan

From pipaman- + ulu (“medicine, remedy”) + -an.

Mako ne pipamanuluan kaniyan.

(usually formal) hospital; clinic; dispensary


anyang kanita

Univerbation of anyang (“when”) + kanita (“before”).


siabukut

Centropus viridis
Centropus viridis#Translingual


aluage

a Philippine pygmy woodpecker (Yungipicus maculatus)


gubiernu

gubiérnu (canonical)
gubyernu (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish gobierno (“government”).


pangaku

[pəˈŋäː.xuʔ]

From pang- + aku. Compare Tagalog pangako.


palacul

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) alternative form of palakul


bangkala

bangkálâ (canonical)
bangcala (alternative)
bancala (alternative)

[bəŋˈkäː.ləʔ]

Corruption of Sanskrit कङ्काल (kaṅkāla).


talauk

From Proto-Philippine *taraquk, doublet of *taʀaquk.

(onomatopoeia) cock-a-doodle-doo; cry of a rooster


kastiliu

kastíliu (canonical)
castillu (alternative)
kastilyu (alternative)
castiliu (alternative)
castilyu (alternative)


carayum

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) alternative spelling of karayum


pulicat

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) alternative spelling of pulikat


uakas

uacas (alternative)
wakas (alternative)
wacas (alternative)


palengki

Borrowed from Spanish palenque (“palisade”).


kulug

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kudug (“thunder”). Cognate to Tagalog kulog.


kuayan

kuáyan (canonical)
cauayan (alternative)
cuayan (alternative)
kauayan (alternative)
kawayan (alternative)
kwayan (alternative)

From earlier kauayan, from Proto-Austronesian *kawayan (“bamboo”). Cognate to Tagalog kawayan.


katmun

Compare Tagalog katmon and Cebuano katmon.

Dillenia philippinensis, a species of tree endemic to the Philippines


kandaru

kandáru (canonical)
candaru (alternative)


bulaun

From a Sambalic language, from Central Proto-Philippine *hamurʔawən (“Vitex parviflora”), the change from M to B due to rebracketing. Doublet of mulauin, a borrowing from Tagalog. Cognate to Pangasinan bulawen.

der

molave (tree, Vitex parviflora or Vitex cofassus species, and its wood)


mulauin

muláuin (canonical)
mulawin (alternative)

Borrowed from Tagalog mulawin from Central Proto-Philippine *hamurʔawən (“Vitex parviflora”). Doublet of bulaun, a borrowing from Sambalic.


babing dikut

bábing díkut (canonical)
babing dicut (alternative)


dikut

From Proto-Central Luzon *dikut (cf. Sambali dikot).


tsismosu

Borrowed from Spanish chismoso, from chisme + -oso, from cisma, from Latin schisma, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”).


parul

Borrowed from Spanish farol, from faro, from Latin pharus, from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros). Compare Tagalog parol.


taggiang

→ Tagalog: tadyang

From Proto-Austronesian *tagəʀaŋ. Compare Ibatan taglang, and Pangasinan taglang.

tag-guiang (alternative Spanish obsolete)
tagguiang (alternative Spanish obsolete)
taguiang (alternative)
tagiang (alternative)
tagyang (alternative)


atbus

ransom (money paid for the release of a captive)

redemption (as of mortgaged property, etc.)


aksidenti

Borrowed from Spanish accidente, from Latin accidentem.


kesiap

késiap (canonical)
quésiap (alternative)
quesiap (alternative)
quesyap (alternative)
kesyap (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”, literally “pickled fish juice”). Compare Indonesian kecap, English ketchup, Tagalog ketsap, Malay kicap, Dutch ketjap.

bor+

fish sauce (a fish brine byproduct from making bagoong, used as an ingredient or condiment in the Philippines)


apalia

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paria. Compare Tagalog ampalaya, apalya, Tausug paliya' and Malay peria.


begukan

bégukan (canonical)
begucan (alternative)

From bagukan + -i-, from baguk (“brine; pickle”) + -an. Literally, “that which is put in brine”.

A sautéed pork dish of the Philippines, flavoured with shrimp paste.


pantalun

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πᾶς (pâs)
Ancient Greek ἔλεος (éleos)
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Ancient Greek -έω (-éō)
Ancient Greek ἐλεέω (eleéō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mṓ
Ancient Greek -μων (-mōn)
Ancient Greek ἐλεήμων (eleḗmōn)
Ancient Greek Παντελεήμων (Panteleḗmōn)bor.
Spanish Pantaleónder.
Italian Pantaloneder.
French pantalonbor.
Spanish pantalónbor.
Kapampangan pantalun
Borrowed from Spanish pantalón.


paruminggu

/pəɾʊˈmiŋɡu/


balibagu

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

the sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)


kasua

kasuá (canonical)
kasuâ (canonical)
casua (alternative)
kaswa (alternative)
caswa (alternative nonstandard)

Borrowed from Hokkien 虼蚻 (ka-choa̍h, “cockroach”). Compare Indonesian kecoak / kacoa, Thai กะจั๊ว (gà-júua).


ulaga

Borrowed from Malay harga, from Sanskrit अर्घ (arghá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“price, value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-ós, from *h₂elgʷʰ- (“to cost, have value”). Compare Aklanon haega, Tausug halga', Hindi आघ (āgh), and Persian ارزش (arzeš).


pamamupul

The time or season of the year for the gathering of ripened crops; happens every September, October or November.


kasapegu

Borrowed from Spanish casa fuego (“fire house”). Compare Ibatan kasapoygo, Ilocano kasapuego, Yogad kasafego, and Tagalog kasapuwego.


bubung

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bubuŋ.


Apung Ginu

Ápung Ginu (canonical)
ApunGinu (alternative)
Apung Guinu (alternative)
ApunGuino (alternative)
Apung Guino (alternative)

[ˈäː.puŋ ɡɪˈnu]

Abrahamic religions
w:Abrahamic religions

(honorific) an honorific reference to any god or deity, including the God of the Abrahamic religions


ginu

Compare Cebuano ginoo, Hiligaynon ginoo, Tagalog ginoo.


ayik

From Proto-Philippine *hajək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hajək, from Proto-Austronesian *Sajək. Compare Ilocano agek, Tagalog halik, Bikol Central hadok, Cebuano halok, and Waray-Waray harok.


[mɪˌxäːˌkäːˌpäː.pəɡˌbäː.bəˌläː.bəˌläː.ŋɪ.ŋjəˌnäː.nə.ŋəˈnäː.nən]

mi ká ká pá pag bá ba lá ba lá ngi ngi a ná nang an án an

From mika- + ka- + pa- + pag- + babalabalangingi + -an + ana- + ngan- + -an + -an + -an with initial reduplication.

af

a group of people having their noses bleed at the same time.


tuknang

Nokarin ka makatuknang?

Munta ku pipantuknangan.

home; dwelling; live; abode; residence; staying


ketauan

From tau + ke- + -an. Compare Cebuano kinatawhan, Tagalog kinatawan.


tautauan

Reduplication of tau + -an, indicating a fake imitation.


dios-diosan

diós-diósan (canonical)
diosdiosan (alternative)

Reduplication of dios + -an, indicating a fake imitation.


kaluguran

/kəlʊɡʊˈɾan/

[kə.lʊ.ɡʊˈɾäːn]

/ˈkalʊɡʊɾən/

[ˈkäː.lʊ.ɡʊ.ɾən]