abut

E ku pa ayabutan


o

Mangan ka o pinandit naka?

Mansanas o sagin.


o

Palako nayu o.

Makanini namu o.

Nanu o.

(colloquial) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention; see also oy, uy and ay

Juan o lawen me.

Ginu o sana iligtas yu.

Mina o aini na.

(colloquial) used as a vocative particle to address the topic in question


o

(colloquial) expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!

(colloquial) used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!


man

Mipakananuman.

Yakuman.

Apagpilian taman.


king

keng (alternative)
qng̃ (alternative Spanish variant)
qng (alternative Spanish variant)
queng (alternative Spanish variant)
quing (alternative Spanish variant)

indirect object marker: of, to, at, on, in, into, onto, among, around, for


at

Compare Pangasinan ta and tan, Remontado Agta at, Tagalog at, Malay dan, Indonesian dan, Hawaiian a.

Pakibilisan at bawal mabagal.


at

Mapagpasubuk at alang pamagkakelanganan.


ate

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatay, from Proto-Austronesian *qaCay.


tutu

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqu (“true; real”). Compare Tagalog totoo and Cebuano tuo (“to believe”).


aku

From Proto-Philippine *ʔakúʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.


bulan

From Proto-Philippine *bulan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulan, from Proto-Austronesian *bulaN.

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)

moon (any substantially sized natural satellite of a planet)

month (period into which a year is divided)


pin

Wapin.

Istu yapin.

Ikapin.

Ikapen?

Used to question the listener
for a response or affirmation

Nonakapin?

Where are you? [I have been waiting for so long!]

Used to question the listener
that implies impatience.

Ninanu nepen?

Used to question the listener
that implies dismay or disgust.

Alakupin agawa.

Alakupin agawa e.

[I'm sorry], I wasn't able to do anything.


e

From ali or Proto-Philippine *diq (“particle of negation”).

Iyang emakapunta

Taung eyakakit

Lugud a ekalinguwan

Ekakabieng bage

Emakasulung


mu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-mu (2sg. possessor and agent of passive verb). Compare Malay -mu, Tagalog mo.

second person singular possessive adjective; your


yu

Ninu nayo?

Mengan nayu.

A particle attached with na to show respect to the listener in the polite style.

Sabian munayo.

Alinayu.


yu

Pakilawen yu pu.

Ikuwa yo.


ne

Ikit ne.

blend of 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun + 3rd person singular absolutive pronoun


ne

Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).

Nokarin ya kaya ne?

(informal) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis

Mako naku ne?

(tag question) sentence-final question marker particle indicating emphasis and asking for confirmation: right?; eh?; isn't it, innit?


ne

Yari ne.

already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)

Meko ne.

already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)

Papunta ne kanu.

already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)


kana

kana (canonical)
kanâ (canonical)
cana (alternative)


kana

Makabalu kana?

Manisip kana?

expression to indicate an uncertainty or doubt; I wonder; maybe


From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.

Bayu ya ing bale na.

Nanu ing seli na?

3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun: he; his; she; her; it; its


Possibly a contraction of nanu (“what”). Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).

Na munta ka?

Na dimdam me?

(masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations


Makanini namu siguru na?

Nokarin nakaman munta na?

(informal, mild emphatic) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis


Malairo na banwa.

kakatua na tau.


Yari na.

Munta naka.

Matudtud na.

Sinali na.

Lungub nakata.

Pepasali nakung panulu.

I'm having someone buy the medicine now.


pa

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *pa (“still, yet, til now, first (before doing something else)”). Cognate with Cebuano pa, Tagalog pa, Malagasy fa (“for, but, therefore, because, that”).

cog

Alinepa sinindi ing titinun na.

S/he hasn't turned the rice cooker on yet.

Makabuklat yapa ing pasbul, ot alime isara?

The door is still open, why don't you close it?

Ampo pa pala asin.

Makanita paman.


pa

Muran pa, tuknangan ing lakad.

When it rains, we will suspend our trip.

Kapalaran pang manyabi.

Mabiasa kapa at jandakapang pera.

The more you learned, the more I'll give you money.

Mumuran pa anya tuknang tanapa.

Let's stop for a while because it's still raining.

Kaburian kupang mate.

Pilian kupang mate.


pa

Coordinate term: ma

(informal, familiar, childish) clipping of papa


pu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puəq. Compare Malay empu, Indonesian empu, Old Javanese mpu Tagalog po. Also possibly from clipping of impu (“grandmother”) or clipping of apung ginu (“god”).

Malawus kayu pu.

Munta ku pu pisamban, Ma.

Po?

marks respect toward the person the speaker is addressing


mate

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(m-)atay (“die; dead; sick; tired (of)”), from Proto-Austronesian *ma-aCay (“die; dead; eclipse of sun or moon”), from Proto-Austronesian *aCay (“death”). Compare Ilocano matay, Tagalog matay, Bikol Central matay, Cebuano matay, Maranao matay, and Malay mati.


banal

From Proto-Philippine *bənər, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bənər.
Compare Bikol Central banal, Masbatenyo banal, and Tagalog banal.


pun

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *puqun, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puqun, from Proto-Austronesian *puqun. Compare Tagalog puno, Malay pohon, Indonesian pohon.


pat

Inherited from Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqət.


tau

táu (canonical)
tauo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
tawu (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *tau, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tau, from Proto-Austronesian *Cau.


tau

taú (canonical)
tauo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
tawu (alternative)


ini

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni (compare Indonesian ini).

this (the thing, item, etc. being pointed)


lupa

From Sanskrit रूप (rūpa). Compare Ilocano rupa, and Malay rupa.


kayu

From Proto-Philippine *kayú, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *iu, from Proto-Austronesian *iSu. Compare Tagalog kayo.

Mekeni kayu pu.

Mangan kayu pu.

Mengan nakayo?

Komusta kayo?


abu

From Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qabu, from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.


anak

From Proto-Philippine *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


single

singlé (canonical)
singlai (alternative obsolete)
singlay (alternative obsolete)


lua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luhəq, from Proto-Austronesian *luSəq.


alto

altó (canonical)
altao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
altau (alternative archaic)
altaw (alternative)

From earlier altau, metathesis from Proto-Philippine *lətaw. Compare Tagalog litaw and Cebuano lutaw.


ala

alâ (canonical)
la (alternative Internet)

From Proto-Central Philippine *wadaq, from Proto-Philippine *wada (“to be, exist”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.

nothing; no one; none; nonexistent; zero

Alanalu.

(by extension) broken up (in a relationship)


din

From Proto-Philippine *dən (completive particle). Compare Tagalog din, Aklanon eon, Cebuano ron, and Maranao den.

ren (alternative)
den (alternative)
rin (alternative colloquial)

Yakurin

Alimurin

Mekapagpainawa naren

Apanalben kunerin tang pelage da.


abac

Súlat Bacúlud and Ámung Sámson spelling of abak


David

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


eran

From earlier *aydan, from Proto-Philippine *haʀdan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haʀəzan.


lima

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


-an

From Proto-Philippine *-an, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-an, from Proto-Austronesian *-an. Compare Tagalog -an Bikol Central -an, Cebuano -an.

Buklatan me ining lata.

object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing

Begalan neng Julia ing pamamasa.

object trigger: to cause something to become; to make; because; due

Salubungan ke I Reniel.

directional trigger: to do something in the direction of

Panagan keng pamangan I Simon.

benefactive trigger: to do something for

Wawasan-wasan koreng pinggan.

object trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there

Susopan-sopan neng Eli I Kate.

directional trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something in the direction of, occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there

Esusulatanan ing libru.

object trigger: to perform the action of the verb on something


-an

tambay (“idle”) + -an → tambayan (“place to hangout”)

basura (“trash”) + -an → basuran (“trash can”)

Forms locative nouns indicating places where a significant object referred to by the root is placed, planted, or commonly found.

pagawa (“create”) + -an → pagawaan (“workshop”)

sake (“ride”) + -an → sakayan (“station, car, vehicle...”)

Forms Locative nouns for places where the root's action occurs

libang (“hobby”) + -an → libangan (“entertainment”)

pilub (“entry, class, work”) + -an → piluban (“school time, school year”)

Forms nouns for periods when the root's action is collectively performed.

oras (“time”) + -an → orasan (“clock, watch”)

timbang (“weight”) + -an → timbangan (“weighing scale”)

Forms nouns indicating a tool or an object that is used to perform what is meant by the root

terak (“dance”) + -an → terakan (“dancing together”)

dalit (“sing”) + -an → dalitan (“singing together”)

Forms nouns signifying reciprocal or joint performance of the action expressed by the root

bale (“house”) + -an → bale-balayan (“toy house”)

biasa (“knowledge”) + -an → biasa-biasan (“know-it-all”)

baril (“gun”) + -an → baril-barilan (“toy gun”)

Used to create a diminutive, pretensive, or imitative form of something (used with reduplication of root word)


-an

Adua (“two”) + -an → aduaan (“in twos, two at a time”)

Atlu (“three”) + -an → atluan (“in groups of three, three at a time”)

(appended to numbers) Used to indicate groups.


ita

that; it (far from both the speaker and the person addressed)


pala

Compare Bikol Central palan, Tagalog pala.

Makanini pala!

Wapin pala, alineman pakanita e.

tutu pala!

expressing sudden realization; exclamation of surprise


pala

I Bermuda pala.

Ining notebook kekaya pala?

Mangan pala.


pala

Borrowed from Malay pahala (“reward; grant”), from Sanskrit फल (phála, “fruit; benefit”).


pala

Borrowed from Spanish pala (“shovel; spade”).


laya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laqia. Compare Tagalog luya.


nana

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nanaq, from Proto-Austronesian *naNaq.


bale

From Proto-Philippine *balay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *balay, from Proto-Austronesian *balay.


batu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.


babi

From Proto-Philippine *babuy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *babuy, from Proto-Austronesian *babuy. Compare Tagalog baboy.


tai

taî (canonical)
mang- (affix)
tai (root)
actor
-an (affix)
tai (root)

pam-infl-table

tai

tai

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tahiq, from Proto-Austronesian *CaqiS.


isa

From Proto-Northern Luzon *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Philippine *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa.


apat

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


Kapampangan

Kapampángan (canonical)
Capampañgan (alternative)
Capangpang̃an (alternative obsolete)

the Kapampangan language, spoken in the Philippines, in particular, Pampanga and Tarlac, both located north of Metro Manila

one of the native speakers of the Kapampangan language

the Kapampangan people, in particular, the natives of Pampanga and Tarlac in the island of Luzon in the Philippines


Kapampangan

pertaining to the Kapampangan language or its speakers


basta

Simap atiyuka? Aa basta!

Basta alina.

none of your business
none of your business

used to react when one refuses to give an explanation: just because!; none of your business!; no need to ask!; whatever!

Ii basta! Alikunemu buring akakit pa!

Urghh, whatever! I just don't like seeing him again!

Oneng pakananu ya ini? Basta alanang kutang-kutang pane?

But, what about this? Just don't ask, no more questions, ok?

used to react to one's sudden loss for words during an explanation

Mignanu ka anyang migkaleldo? Basta.

What did you do last summer? Nothing much.

Nanung buri mu kaya? Basta.

What do you like about him? It's just something.

used to react when one does not want to fully answer a question


basta

Basta kayabe daka, masaya ku.

Basta ikuwa ke.

as long as; provided that; only if; free.


basta

Basta lawen me.

Basta puntalan me.

used to reduce the force of an imperative: simply; just.

Basta kena nemu ken kaibat kabira alanayu.

All I know is that he just left it there then suddenly, it's gone.

Basta arian ke ini.

used to emphasize that one's knowledge or concern is limited: just; all I know is that; all that matters is that; all I can say is that.

Aliyamu basta masanting, biasa yapa.

He's not just handsome, but intelligent too.

Magobra nakaman ken alimu itang basta nakamu mamagkera ken.

just; only; merely (used in the negative).

alikamu bastang makisabi kareng alimu kakilala.

used to emphasize lack of discernment in one's actions: just


salita

Borrowed from Old Malay (compare modern Malay cerita (“tale”)), from Sanskrit चरित (carita, “course of life”).


tud

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.


tune

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tunay (cf. Tagalog tunay, Indonesian tunai, Malay tunai).


durian

From Malay durian, from Proto-Malayic *duri-an, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi-an.


nasa

Borrowed from Sanskrit लालसा (lālasā, “desire”).


Ian

Borrowed from English Ian, from Scottish Gaelic Eóin.


ya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(si-)ia, from Proto-Austronesian *(si-)ia. Compare Tagalog siya, Bikol Central siya, Cebuano siya, Indonesian ia, Maori ia, and Waray-Waray hiya.

Makanini ya?

Nanya?

X ya Y ya?

Munta ya aliya?

Ini ya o ita ya, sanu kareni.

Is this or is that?, which one of these?

Lalaki ya o Babayi ya?

used with o to mark list and to connect choices being considered with uncertainty

Pusa yang atiyu.

Asu yang mamangan butul.


ya

Pilipinu ya.

he; she (third person singular animate personal pronoun)

Pamangan ya.

(colloquial) it (third person singular inanimate personal pronoun)


basa

wet (of an object: covered with or impregnated with liquid)


basa

Borrowed from Malay baca, from Sanskrit वाचा (vācā).


mais

Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno mahís.


ka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”).

inh

Kaluguran daka.

Mamun ka kang inda.


ka

Mangabayatan ka? Mayan ka?

Dapat daka? Alina siguru.

Sucat mo casing bitasan quing micabucasan ca?

1617, Francisco Coronel, Arte y reglas de la lengua Pampanga:

Can you by chance assure us that you will arrive tomorrow?

X ka Y ka?

Munta ka alika?

Ini ka o ita ka, sanu kareni.

Magpasta ka o magpitsa ka?


Pilipinas

Pilipínas (canonical)
Filipinas (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish Filipinas, from Felipe + -inas. Originally in Spanish las Islas Filipinas (literally “the Philippine Isles”), after King Philip II of Spain.

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


mata

From Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


uran

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qudán, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan, from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN.


a

Romantiku a bengi.

Pinakapalsintan a tau.

Mayap a abak.

Mayap a bengi.

Dakal a salamat.


mo

Mipakananumo

Yakumo

Sinabianan nakung nanumo.


hilo

Borrowed from Spanish hilo (“thread, yarn”), from Latin filum.


hilo

Compare Bikol Central hilo, Cebuano hilo and Tagalog hilo.


imu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *imu or possibly from ing + mu. Compare Cebuano imo, Aklanon imo.

you (2nd person singular preposed ergative form)

Imung inda.


iki

From monophthongization of Proto-Central Luzon *ikuy (cf. Sambali ikoy), from Proto-Philippine *ikuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ikuʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *ikuʀ.


asu

From Proto-Philippine *asu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *asu.


taka

feeling of surprise, suspicion, wonder, curiosity, interest or awe (caused by something strange, unexpected, unbelievable, etc.)


taka

having a feeling of surprise, suspicion, wonder, curiosity, interest or awe (caused by something strange, unexpected, unbelievable, etc.)


lagu

lagû (canonical)
lago (alternative Spanish obsolete)

From Proto-Philippine *laguq (“to flourish, of plants”). Also possibly from Sanskrit लघु (laghú, “well; healthy; pleasing; agreeable; handsome; beautiful”). Compare Pangasinan lago (“healthy; robust individual”) and Tagalog lago (“luxuriant growth”).

cog

(originally figuratively) beauty (of a woman)

(obsolete) tenderness; softness (like a green fruit or shoot of a plant)


lagu

lágû (canonical)
lago (alternative Spanish obsolete)


bie

bié (canonical)
biyai (alternative obsolete)
bye (alternative)
biye (alternative)

From earlier biyai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bihaʀ. Compare Sambali biyay, Tagalog buhay, Ilocano biag.


bie

bié (canonical)
bye (alternative)
biye (alternative)

From earlier biai, from abiai, metathesis from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀay, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀay. Compare Tagalog bigay, Cebuano bugay, Maranao begi, and Malay beri.


labi

Ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *ləbiq.


sanduk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sanduk (cf. Tagalog sandok (“ladle”), Malay sendok)


cha

Borrowed from Chinese 茶 (chá), highly likely via Cantonese caa⁴ rather than Hokkien tê.


Garcia

Borrowed from Spanish García, possibly of Basque origin. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish García


laut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud influenced by Malay laut, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.


api

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *hapúy, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy.


api

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qapuʀ. Compare Tagalog apog.


salut

From Proto-Philippine *sarut (cf. Bikol Central sarot, Cebuano salot).


paras

Borrowed from Malay pedas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapəjəs. Doublet of aplas.


anam

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ənəm, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ənəm, from Proto-Austronesian *ənəm.


minum

Borrowed from Malay minum, Proto-Malayic *inum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *inum (compare Hawaiian inu, Malay minum, Tagalog inom).


siku

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *siku, from Proto-Austronesian *sikux.


kaya

caya (alternative)
keya (alternative)
queya (alternative)


kaya

Queta o carin queyá?


kaya

Aliya kaya mamangan.

Kanitang linipat ku kaya, menibayungan.

Since the day I moved, everything changed.


kaya

Mangapakananu kaya?

Bakit kaya?

expression to indicate an uncertainty or doubt; perhaps; I wonder

Saling laman o kaya asan bakanitang ipanapunan.

Buy meat or perhaps fish for our dinner.

used with o to connect choices being considered with uncertainty

Paneng manisip matsura. Tuknangan mu kaya.

You always think something bad. just stop it, indeed!

Tsa kaya bisa ka?

Ini kaya?

expression to indicate suggestion; how; what about


kaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaya, from Proto-Austronesian *kaya (“able, capable, strong, wealthy”). Compare Malay kaya and Tagalog kaya (especially may-kaya).

inh

Mayakayan


kutu

From Proto-Philippine *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.


nasi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asi. Compare Malay nasi, and Old Javanese nasi.


manuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.


pitu

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *pitu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pitu, from Proto-Austronesian *pitu.


kanu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kunu. Compare Tagalog kuno, Hiligaynon kuno, Pangasinan kuno, Bikol Central kono, Cebuano kono, Waray-Waray kono, Ibanag kanu, Ilocano kano, Indonesian konon, Malay konon, Ivatan kunu & Tausug kunu'.

so they say; according to someone; it is said


matua

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)tuqah, from Proto-Austronesian *(ma-)tuqaS. Analytically ma- + tua. Cognate to Sambali matoa (“old; elderly; parent”).


kasi

Manigaral kasi mikipamansuri bukas.

I am studying because we have exams tomorrow.

Mamangan kasi

Ika kasi.

Kasalanan mu kasi.

(informal) indicating that the speaker is trying to blame someone


kasi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-qasiq (“mercy, pity, affection”), compare Indonesian kasih, Malay kasih.


sakit

From Proto-Philippine *sakit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakit. Compare Tagalog sakit, Tongan mahaki, and Yogad takit.

sacuit (alternative obsolete)
saquit (alternative obsolete)

disease; sickness; illness; ailment; tough; difficult


susu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susu, from Proto-Austronesian *susu. Compare Indonesian susu, Tagalog suso, Fijian sucu, Tongan huhu and Hawaiian ū.


susu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *susuq. Compare Ilocano soso, Tagalog suso, Cebuano suso, Old Javanese susuh, and Balinese susuh.


pinggan

Borrowed from Malay pinggan, from Classical Persian پنگان (pingān, “cup; bowl”) (compare Cebuano pinggan (“chinaware”), Tamil பீங்கான் (pīṅkāṉ, “ceramic”)).


layag

Borrowed from Tagalog layag, from Proto-Philippine *layaʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *layaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ. If inherited, the expected form is *laye.


lango

lángo (canonical)
langao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
langau (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *laŋaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋaw.


langaw

From Proto-Philippine *laŋaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋaw.


langaw

for something to be plagued or swarmed by flies


lumut

From Proto-Philippine *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


takut

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *matakut (compare Tagalog takot), from Proto-Austronesian *matakut.


apu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu, from Proto-Austronesian *apu. Compare Ilocano apo, Tagalog apo, Cebuano apu, Malay empu, and Cebuano umpu. Also possibly from Hokkien 阿婆 (a-pô, “paternal grandmother”).

bor

grandparent
term of address for one's grandparents

Apu Lusya


saka

Mayilig kung manyeseng asu saka pusa saka ayup.

I love taking care of animals like dogs and cats and birds.


ket

Contraction from earlier kayat, inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaʀat (“to bite”), from Proto-Austronesian *kaʀaC (“to bite”).

inh+

cayat (alternative)
kayat (alternative)
quet (alternative)


lau

láû (canonical)
lauo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
lawu (alternative)

From Sanskrit राहु (rāhu, “Rāhu”). Compare Tagalog laho.

disappearance of one's emotion or feeling (of pain, tiredness, etc.)

Coordinate term: lau bulan

(folklore, obsolete) eclipse monster that devours the moon


kaka

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka (“elder sibling of the same sex”), from Proto-Austronesian *kaka (“elder sibling”). Compare Tagalog kaka.


mangan

From mang- + kan. Also from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-ŋaən. Compare Ilocano mangan, Isnag mangan, Pangasinan mangan, Tagalog mangain, Javanese mangan, and Balinese mangan.


ninu

From Proto-Philippine *si-nu. Compare Tagalog sino, Brooke's Point Palawano sinu, Ilocano sino, Waray-Waray hin-o, and Yami sino.


tete

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taytay, from Proto-Austronesian *taytay. Compare Cebuano taytay, Tagalog taytay, and Sambali taytay.


dela

Vowel shift in dala in perfective conjugation.


dela

Borrowed from Spanish de la, from the American colonial era.

particle found in Spanish-derived surnames when originally spelled with de la, such as dela Cruz (from earlier de la Cruz


bebe

bébé (canonical)
bebai (alternative obsolete)

From earlier bebai, from Proto-Philippine *baybay. Compare Tagalog baybay.


balas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *badas (“grit, coarse sand, gravel”).


balen

Contraction of balayan (“place of houses”), from bale + -an. The final vowel "-e" morphs to "-ay" before suffixes. Compare Tagalog bayan.


talaba

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *talabá (“kind of shellfish; oyster”). Compare Bikol Central, Cebuano, and Tagalog talaba.


barkada

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish barcada (“gang of friends”), from Spanish barcada (“boatload”).

bor+

a close friend or a member of such group

group of people going together on a trip


dapat

Compare Tagalog dapat, Hiligaynon dapat, Malay dapat.

da't (alternative contraction)
dat (alternative contraction)

Ot mamiyalung ka? Dapat mamanigaral naka.

Why are you playing? You should be studying now.

Aliku dapat minta.

Dapat minta ku.

Dapat sinabi me itang tutu.

(pseudoverb) must; should; ought to; supposed to be


dapat

that which is right; that which is proper

behavior; manner or way of acting; conduct


daya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.


anang

in accordance with; in a way consistent with


bage

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagay (“same kind or type”). Compare Tagalog bagay, Ilocano bagay.


kang

From Proto-Austronesian *ka (“personal oblique marker”).

inh

Bulaklak kang inda.

used to mark oblique cases of personal nouns

Bale kang Juan.


pilan

From Proto-Philippine *pijah (“how many”), from Proto-Austronesian *pijax (“how many”). Compare Tagalog ilan, Pangasinan piga, Masbatenyo pira, Cebuano pila, Javanese ꦥꦶꦫ (pira), Hawaiian -hia, Paiwan pida, and Thao piza.


kalma

→ Tagalog: kalma


alun

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qalun.


mutia

From Sanskrit मुत्य (mutya). Compare Tagalog mutya.


sulat

Borrowed from Malay surat, from Arabic سُورَة (sūra, “chapter of the Qur'an”).


pusu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusuq. Compare Tagalog puso and Ilocano puso.


pusu

Possibly related to Proto-Philippine *pus(e)qun. Compare Tagalog puson.


gatas

Borrowed from Tagalog gatas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀatas.


bakit

bákit (canonical)
bat (alternative)
ba't (alternative)
bkt (alternative Internet)
bkit (alternative Internet)
baquit (alternative obsolete)
baqui't (alternative obsolete)


angin

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *haŋin, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *haŋin.


sugi

stainless, refined, like gold, pure, and clean


maldita

Borrowed from Spanish maldita, from Latin maledicta, feminine of maledictus.


kutsara

kutsárâ (canonical)
kutiara (alternative)
kutyara (alternative)

/kʊˈt͡ʃaɾəʔ/

[kʊˈt͡ʃäː.ɾəʔ]

Borrowed from Spanish cuchara (“spoon”).


utak

→ Tagalog: utak


uyat

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *huʀaC.


gunting

Likely from Malay gunting, ultimately likely a loan from some non-Austronesian source, such as Chinese, according to Blust (2010-2020).


pait

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paqit, from Proto-Austronesian *paqiC.


kirut

shocked, surprised, startled, pain, ache, sting


salamat

From Arabic سَلَامَات (salāmāt), plural of سَلَامَة (salāma, “good health”). Compare Malay selamat.


-ng

-g (alternative)
-ng- (alternative)
-m- (alternative)
-n- (alternative)
-g- (alternative)

Mayapang tau.

Ating tau.

Enclitic suffix, connecting adjectives to nouns and vice versa, after words ending in vowels, except compound words where the next stem starts with the letter (b) or (p).

Biglang migsalita.

Kabirang dintang.

Enclitic suffix, connecting adverbs to verbs and vice versa, after words ending in vowels, except compound words where the next stem starts with the letter (b) or (p).

I Madonnang memili.

I Simong mikisalepanu.

Indicates possession that ends with vowels: of, -'s

Kakaluguran dakang sabi na.

Kalugurang ipagpagulisak.

he/she/I/they/we said: a type of verbal quotation mark used for direct and indirect quotes, also similar to that when used as a coordinating conjunction.


-ng

Paeng.

Beng.

Diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives of given names ending in vowels, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix.


baril

Borrowed from Malay bedil (“gun”), from Javanese bedil (“Java arquebus (Bedil tombak)”), from Tamil வெடில் (veṭil, “gunpowder”).


sangle

sanglé (canonical)
sanglai (alternative obsolete)

From earlier sanglai, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *saŋəlaʀ (“to stir-fry, cook in a frying pan without oil”). Compare Tagalog sangag, Cebuano sanglag, Javanese sangan, Indonesian sangrai, and Malay selar. See also Tagalog sanglay.

inh

act of frying or roasting rice, corn, cacao, etc.


marikit

From ma- + dikit. Compare Tagalog marikit.


abala

From Proto-Philippine *abala. Compare Tagalog abala.

a family affair, something to be kept internal


tamu

ita (alternative)
ta (alternative)
tana (alternative)
tanamu (alternative)
itamu (alternative)
itanamu (alternative)
katamu (alternative)
ikatamu (alternative)
ikatanamu (alternative)
kekata (alternative)
ikata (alternative)

Possibly from kata + *-mu (cf. kamu/kayu), with omission of the initial ka-. Compare Tagalog tayo (ta + -yo), Ilocano datayo (data + -yo), Pangasinan sikatayo (sikata + yo), and Tausug taniyu (ta + niyu).

Mangan tamu!

we; us (inclusive of the person spoken to)


tamu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tamu (“turmeric: Curcuma zedoaria”). Compare Tagalog tamo and Balinese ᬢᬫᬸ (tamu).

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual

zedoary; white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria)


Pampanga

→ Hokkien: 邦板牙 (Pang-pán-gâ)

→ Japanese: パンパンガ (Panpanga)

→ Korean: 팜팡가 (Pampangga)

desc

→ Mandarin: 邦板牙 (Bāngbǎnyá), 邦邦牙 (Bāngbāngyá)

[pəmˈpäːŋ.ɡə]

Borrowed from Spanish Pampanga, from Kapampangan pampang (“river bank”) + -a.

Pampanga (a province of Central Luzon, Luzon, Philippines; capital: San Fernando; largest city: Angeles City)


ampo

Asu ampo pusa ampo nanuman ing maralas sesesen dareng tau.

Many people are raising dogs and/or cats, or any other.


bihag

Borrowed from Tagalog bihag. Doublet of bie.


bilad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəlaj (“spread out to dry in the sun”).


bukad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəkaj. Compare Ilocano bekkag, Maranao bekar, Tagalog bukad.


bukad

opening; blossom, or bloom; unfolding (of flowers)


bulalakaw

[bʊ.ləˈläː.xäʊ̯]


butiti

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butiti. Cognate to Tagalog butete.


dala

Borrowed from Sanskrit धार (dhāra, “holding”), from the root धृ (dhṛ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Bikol Central dara, Cebuano dala, Tagalog dala.

bor+

load; something carried; something brought


dala

Compare Malay jera (“deterred; warned by experience”).

cog

wary; scared off; cautious (from a previous undesirable experience)


dala

feeling of being scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)

act of making someone feel scared off (from a previous undesirable experience)


dala

Borrowed from Malay jala, from Sanskrit जाल (jāla, “net”).


dalaga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dadaʀa (“maiden; virgin; unmarried girl”).


dalan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *dálan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan. Compare Tagalog daan, Ilocano dalan, Cebuano dalan, and Malay jalan.


dalan

dalán (canonical)
-an (affix)
dala (root)

pam-infl-table

dalan


dalo

dáló (canonical)
-um- (affix)
dalo (root)
actor
-an (affix)
dalo (root)

dalo

dalo


sabi

Compare Tagalog sabi and Bikol Central sabi.


Martis

days of the week: aldo ning paruminggu: Duminggu · Lunis · Martis · Mierkulis · Huebis · Biernis · Sabadu [edit]


pulgas

Borrowed from Spanish pulgas, plural of pulga.


kase

Nanu kase?

Aa, makanita kase?

indicating that the speaker is trying to recall or remember some information

Alinamo kase

Tara kase

(informal) indicating that the speaker is trying to invite or summon


pande

From archaic form of pandai, from Malay pandai, from Prakrit 𑀧𑀁𑀟𑀺𑀅 (paṃḍia), from Sanskrit पण्डित (paṇḍita, “learned; wise”).


daka

From da + ka. Compare Bikol Central taka, Cebuano taka.

Kaluguran ke, kaluguran ko, kaluguran dakayungan—at ika, kaluguran daka.

I love him, I love them, I love all of us—and you, I love you.

Anak daka.

Replaces ku ka or ku ika (I or my and you).

Kakaluguran daka.

Buring-buri dakareta.


daka

Kiss danaka?

Sopan daka?

Questions suggesting a possible future action; shall; would


nga

From Proto-Philippine *ŋani. Compare Remontado Agta ngani, Bikol Central ngani, Cebuano gani, Tagalog nga, and Ilocano ngay.

Wangapin gawan ke.

Yeah, I will definitely and absolutely do it.

a particle used for emphatic affirmation, used in conjunction with pin

Salingaping aiskrim.

Magpakatutu nakungapin.

Used to promise to do something to the listener, used in conjunction with pin

Nga pala, komusta na?

Awa nga pala.

used when suddenly remembering something to be told to someone: oh yeah; by the way


tandang

Borrowed from Tagalog tandang (“rooster”).


abacan

Súlat Bacúlud and Ámung Sámson spelling of abakan


abalac

Súlat Bacúlud and Ámung Sámson spelling of abalak


akasya

Borrowed from Spanish acacia, from Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “shittah tree”), from ἀκή (akḗ, “point”), probably from Egyptian.


bayat

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bəʀat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)bəʀəqat (compare Sambali boyat, Tagalog bigat, Indonesian berat).


lakad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lakaj, compare Tagalog lakad.


ka-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-.

ka- + abe (“to accompany”) → kayabe (“partner”)

ka- + lagyu (“name”) → kalagyu (“namesake”)

implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root

ka- + lupa (“face”) → kalupa (“someone/something similar; look-alike”)

ka- + pate (“fight”) → kapate (“enemy”)

implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun

ka- + gulisak (“shout”) → kagugulisak (“repeatedly shouting”)

ka- + isip (“mind, thought”) → kaiisip (“thinking a lot”)

implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable

ka- + dapat (“should”) → karapat-dapat (“deserving”)

ka- + santing (“handsome”) → kasanting-santing (“wonderful”)

implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables

ka- + datang (“come”) → kadaratang (“recently arrived”)

ka- + punta (“go”) → kapupunta (“recently went”)

implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by pamu

ka- + timyas (“cute”) → katimyas (“so cute”)

ka- + yumi (“innocence; pure”) → kayumi (“how pretty”)

implies emphatic, before an adjective, non-productive and followed by na, da or ta


kane

Magkayi kane?

Minawus kane?


sisig

sísig (canonical)
sising (alternative misspelling obsolete)

sisig (Filipino dish made of parts of a pig's face and belly)


kaban

cavan (a measurement of around 75 liters)


kaue

káué (canonical)
caue (alternative)
cauay (alternative)
kawe (alternative)


nune

Ali ya talkanta, nune artista.

but (after a negative clause) (i.e., "but rather", "but only", or "but rather only")


bisa

Bisa kung mangan.

Bisa ka?


bisa

Borrowed from Malay bisa (“poison”), from Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”). Compare Tausug bisa and Javanese ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa). Doublet of birus and virus.


Torres

Borrowed from Spanish Torres. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Torres


Castillo

Borrowed from Spanish Castillo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Aguilar

Borrowed from Spanish Aguilar. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Aguilar


Ochoa

Borrowed from Spanish Ochoa, from Basque otsoa. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Basque]


lutu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lutuq. Compare Ilocano luto, and Tagalog luto.


lutu

From Proto-Philippine *lutuq (“ripe”). Possibly associated with color of fruits when ripe. Thus, related with the first etymology with the sense "ready to be eaten". Compare Hiligaynon luto (“ripe, also cooked”), and Maranao loto' (“ripe, also cooked”).


bengi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀŋi. Compare Bikol Central banggi, Southern Catanduanes Bicolano banggi, and Javanese ꦮꦼꦔꦶ (wengi).


aray

From Proto-Philippine *aray. Compare Tagalog aray, Ilocano aray, Bikol Central aray, and Cebuano agay.


koya

University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives

Borrowed from Hokkien 哥仔 (*ko-iá) as per Chan-Yap (1980) with an older obsolete form of the diminutive suffix as a weak form of 囝 (kiáⁿ, káⁿ). Cognates with Tagalog kuya and Cebuano kuya.

a respectful title or form of address for an older man


kalamansi

Probably borrowed from Tagalog kalamansi.

Citrus × microcarpa
Citrus × microcarpa#Translingual

Citrofortunella mitis
Citrofortunella mitis

calamondin; calamansi (Citrus × microcarpa, syn. ×Citrofortunella mitis)


nanu-nanu

nánu-nánu (canonical)
nan-nan (alternative)
nanunanu (alternative)


lukluk

Compare Tagalog lumuklok (“sit on a throne”).


sinta

Borrowed from Malay cinta, from Sanskrit चिन्ता (cintā).

love (between man and woman, but also man for God, for country, etc.)

sweetheart; loved one; dear one; romance


dase

woven mat (for sleeping, flooring, etc.)


bayu

From Proto-Philippine *baqRu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəʀu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəʀuh.


betis

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *bətíʔəs, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bətiəs, from Proto-Austronesian *bətiəs.


payung

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *payuŋ (compare Cebuano payong, Cia-Cia 빠우 (pa'u), Tagalog payong).

Tina Zambal: Ikon ko yay payong Botolan Zambal: Ikon koy ti ya payong Bolinao Zambal: Ikon ko yay payong Kapampangan: Kaku ya ing payung Ilocano: Kukuak dayta payong Tagalog: Akin iyong payong 2. English: The raincoat is yours.


payung

to cover someone from the rain with an umbrella


danum

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danum, from Proto-Austronesian *daNum.


banua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *banua (“inhabited land”). Compare Cebuano banwa and Tagalog banwa.


uanan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wanan, from Proto-Austronesian *wanaN. Compare Tagalog kanan.


talinga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taliŋa, from Proto-Austronesian *Caliŋa.

ear (that which resembles in shape or position the ear of an animal, such as a handle of a jar, kettle, or pitcher)


ualu

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *walu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *walu, from Proto-Austronesian *walu.


aldo

aldó (canonical)
aldao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
aldau (alternative archaic)
aldaw (alternative)

From earlier aldau, from Proto-Central Luzon *ʔaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw. Compare Bikol Central & Ilocano aldaw, Cebuano adlaw and Tagalog araw.


laban

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laban (“oppose, go against someone”).


arap

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Compare Tagalog harap, Yakan harap, Malay hadap.


apir

Borrowed from English up here!, used to solicit a high five.


anud

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qañud, from Proto-Austronesian *qañud. Compare Tagalog anod and Ilocano anod.


nanu

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anu, from Proto-Austronesian *(na-)nu.


Sanchez

Borrowed from Spanish Sánchez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic], equivalent to Spanish Sánchez


Agta

Aeta people (indigenous people of Negrito origin of the mountainous parts of Luzon)


man-

verbal affix used to indicate actor focused progressive tense


babai

babái (canonical)
babay (alternative Spanish obsolete)
babayi (alternative)

[ˌbäːˈbäː.i]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *bahi (“woman, female”).

malagung babai

(3) [Kapampangan]⁴
a. Malagu ya ing babai.
beautiful ABS.3SG DET.ABS.SG woman
'The woman is beautiful.'

2005, Current Issues in Philippine Linguistics and Anthropology, page 340:


babai

bábái (canonical)
babay (alternative Spanish obsolete)
babayi (alternative)

[ˌbäːˈbäː.i]


Diaz

Borrowed from Spanish Díaz. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish [in turn originating as a patronymic], equivalent to Spanish Díaz


kapun

pam-infl-table

kapun


bagang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bagəqaŋ (“molar tooth”).


aldaw

From Proto-Central Luzon *ʔaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw.


baliti

various species of Philippine ficus trees, a number of which are strangler figs


Cabrera

[kəbˈɾɛː.ɾə]

Borrowed from Spanish Cabrera, occupational surname for a goatherd. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Cabrera


Chavez

Borrowed from Spanish Chávez, from Chaves.


Cortez

Borrowed from Spanish, variant of Cortés.


Pacheco

Borrowed from Spanish Pacheco, surname of Portuguese origin mostly found in Andalusia. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, common in Negros Occidental


Rodriguez

Borrowed from Spanish Rodríguez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Serrano

Borrowed from Spanish Serrano. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Serrano


Velasquez

Borrowed from Spanish Velásquez, variant of Velázquez. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Velásquez


addua

adduâ (canonical)
adua (alternative)
adwa (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *duha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.


kandungan

pam-verb

kandungan (perfective kindung, progressive kakandungan)

kindung (perfective)
kakandungan (progressive)
-an (affix)
kandung (root)

pam-infl-table

kandungan

to carry something or someone on one's lap (such as of a child)


kandung

act of carrying something or someone on one's lap (such as of a child)


kandung

carried on one's lap (such as of a child)


mangaku

[məˈŋäː.xuʔ]

From mang- + aku. Compare Tagalog mangako.


mangaku

mángakû (canonical)
mang- (affix)
aku (root)
actor

mangaku

[məˈŋäː.xuʔ]


sulapawan

Pangyatung Sulapawan ning Clark


lihim

Borrowed from Tagalog lihim, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lihim.


lagnat

Compare Cebuano hilanat and Tagalog lagnat.


magalang

[məˈɡäː.ləŋ]


lasuna

Borrowed from Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna, “garlic, onion”).


kuting

Ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutiŋ.


tamatis

Borrowed from Spanish tomates, plural of tomate (“tomato”).


gubat

From Proto-Philippine *gúbat (“jungle, idle land”). Displaced by pastulan.
The sense "forest" is a semantic loan from Tagalog gubat.


Dau

a barangay of Mabalacat, Pampanga, Philippines


kamantigi

camantigui (alternative)
camantigi (alternative)

Impatiens balsamina
Impatiens balsamina#Translingual


Sexmoan

Borrowed from Spanish Sexmoán, from sasmuan (“meeting place”).


balbal

broken into pieces (of glassware, earthenware, etc.)


balbal

shattered pieces (of glassware, earthenware, etc.)


inge

ínge (canonical)
ingai (alternative archaic)

→ Tagalog: ingay

From earlier ingai, from inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qiŋəʀ (“loud, unpleasant noise”). Compare Ilocano ingar (“growl”), Pangasinan ingal (“noise”), Tagalog ingay, Hanunoo ingay (“noise”), Cebuano ingog (“piercing sound”), and Malay hingar (“noise”).


angkla

Borrowed from Spanish ancla, from Latin ancora, from Ancient Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkura).


angkla

ángkla (canonical)
mag- (affix)
angkla (root)
actor

pam-infl-table

angkla


tsismosa

Borrowed from Spanish chismosa, from chisme + -osa, from cisma, from Latin schisma, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”).

der

female equivalent of tsismosu: gossip girl; female gossiper; female newsmonger


Angeles

[ˈäː.ŋɛ.lɛs]

Borrowed from Spanish Ángeles. The city is short for Spanish Pueblo de los Angeles (lit. “town of the angels”).

Angeles (the largest city in Pampanga, Philippines)


ulap

Compare Tagalog ulap (“cloud”) and Ilocano ulep (“cloud”).


buak

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhək (cf. Pangasinan buëk, Tagalog buhok, Tausug buhuk)


butu

From Proto-Philippine *butuq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butuq, from Proto-Austronesian *buCuq. Cognate to Cebuano buto (“testicle (dialectal); female genitalia (vulgar)”) and Malay butuh (“penis”)


kutsarita

Borrowed from Spanish cucharita (“teaspoon”).


pisngi

From Proto-Philippine *pis(e)ŋí (“cheeks”).


amian

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qamihan, from Proto-Austronesian *qamiS.

cold dry season between October and February


abagat

Borrowed from Tagalog habagat, from Proto-Philippine *habaʀat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat.


masakit

Masakitman pamansuri, mipasar nakuman.

The exam was difficult, although I passed.

Agyang numanu, masakit parin.

No matter what I do, it's still difficult.

Masakit lareng sugat ku.

Alanang mas masakit pa.

Masakit ku yata.

Pakiramdam ku masakit ku katawan.

Makauling masakit.

Manigaral yang masakit.


pusad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pusəj (cf. Tagalog pusod, Malay pusat).


dakal

From Proto-Philippine *dakəl. Doublet of dagul.


ipas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ipəs, from Proto-Austronesian *Sipəs. Compare Sambali ipoh, Malay lipas, Tagalog ipis.


ulas

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *uləs (“blanket”).


bunduk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunduk. Compare Tagalog bundok.


bayani

→ Tagalog: bayani

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *baʀani, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baʀani (“brave, bold; dare to do”). Cognate with Cebuano bagani, Maranao bagani, Malay berani, and Marshallese peran.


palara

Possibly from Malay perada (“tinsel; gold foil”), ultimately from Sanskrit पारद (pārada, “mercury; quicksilver”).

foil (thin aluminum or tin used to wrap food)


sampagita

sampagíta (canonical)
sampaguita (alternative)

Borrowed from Philippine Spanish sampaguita, from sampaga + -ita.

bor+

Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac#Translingual


timbang

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *timbaŋ (“balanced”).


sandata

Borrowed from Malay senjata (cf. Tagalog sandata)


lagari

Borrowed from Malay gergaji, ultimately from Sanskrit क्रकच (krakaca, “saw”).


lara

Borrowed from Malay lada, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lajaq

Capsicum; a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae

the fruit of these plants; a chili pepper or bell pepper


noche buena

Borrowed from Spanish Nochebuena, from noche buena.

a traditional dinner held towards midnight of December 24


angga

Kaluguran daka angga tatawli.

Angga at mikipamangan, mangan kata.

As long as there's food to eat, let's eat.


yanga

type of earthen jar used to store rice for making busa


Pineda

Borrowed from Spanish Pineda. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Bautista

Borrowed from Spanish, from San Juan Bautista.


Cordero

Borrowed from Spanish Cordero, ancient occupational surname for a shepherd. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Gamboa

Borrowed from Spanish Gamboa, from Basque Ganboa. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Tamayo

Borrowed from Spanish Tamayo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Carreon

Borrowed from Spanish Carreón. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Tolentino

Borrowed from Spanish, after St. Nicholas of Tolentino (San Nicolás de Tolentino), from Tolentino in Italy.


Dizon

From Hokkien, possibly either 兒孫 /儿孙 (jî-sun) or 二孫 /二孙 (jī-sun / lī-sun), via Spanish Dizon, with [l̪]~[d̪]~[d͡ʑ] allophony when the next vowel is usually [i], [e], or [u] in Hokkien.

Sunshine Dizon, actress

Ryzza Mae Dizon, child actress and television personality

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Hokkien], notably borne by:

Hokkien
Thomas Barclay (missionary)
close back rounded vowel
close front unrounded vowel
close-mid front unrounded vowel
zh-min-nan:Lîm Iàn-sîn
zh:林燕臣


Ronquillo

Borrowed from Spanish Ronquillo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


kabalen

kabalén (canonical)
cabalen (alternative)

From ka- + balen (“town, homeland”). Compare Tagalog kabayan and kababayan.

countryman or someone from the same town


Galang

From galang (“respect”). Can be loosely translated as "honorable". Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Viray

From biray. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Pangilinan

⇒ Chamorro: Pangelinan

→ Tagalog: Pangilinan

From pangilin + -an. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Cunanan

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Tuazon

Borrowed from Spanish Tuazon/Tuason/Tuasun, from Hokkien 大孫／大孙 (tōa-sun).

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Hokkien] common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


Basco

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos
José Basco y Vargas

Borrowed from Spanish Basco.
* (provincial capital of Batanes): Named after Spanish governor-general José Basco y Vargas
* (surname): Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

named-after

Basco (a municipality, the capital of Batanes, Cagayan Valley, Philippines)


simpan

(computer term) file being saved or stored


Guinto

From gintu. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Razon

Borrowed from Spanish Razón. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Yabut

From iabut. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Punzalan

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Punsalan.


Calma

From kalma (“fortune”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Mallari

From Apung Maliari, god of the moon in Kapampangan folklore, from maliari.


Liwanag

From Tagalog liwanag (“light”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Liuanag.


Manalang

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


alakdan

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish alacrán.


Peña

Borrowed from Spanish Peña. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a surname from Spanish, equivalent to Spanish Peña


dayami

→ Abenlen Ayta: dayami

→ Tagalog: dayami

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀami, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀami.


bumbunan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bunbunan, from Proto-Austronesian *buNbuN, from root *buN. Doublet of bunbunan.


bituka

From Proto-Philippine *bituka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bituka, from Proto-Austronesian *biCuka.


kuliglig

kuliglíg (canonical)
culiglig (alternative)


mayumi

From ma- + yumi. Compare Tagalog mayumi.

pretty; tender; delicate or refined in manners; demure; humble; modest (usually as of a woman)


talangka

Varuna litterata
Wikispecies:Varuna litterata


palapag

story (US)/storey (UK); floor (of a building)


manggas

Borrowed from Spanish mangas, plural of manga.


kamandag

kamandág (canonical)
camandag (alternative)


parisukat

parisúkat (canonical)
parisucat (alternative)


kebaitan

kébaitan (canonical)
quebaitan (alternative)
kebayitan (alternative)

(medicine) birth (The act of being born)


makaba

[məˈxäː.bəʔ]


atup

From Proto-Philippine *qatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp (compare Indonesian atap and Malay atap, Cebuano atop, Hiligaynon atop, Bikol Central atop, Tagalog atip, Tausug atup, Rungus ta'ap, Tambunan Dusun ta'ap, Lotud ta'ap and Kimaragang ta'ap.)


ilug

Borrowed from Tagalog ilog, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *iluʀ. If inherited, would have yielded *ili (via intermediate form *iluy, with monophthongization of /uj/ cf. api from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy).


Parungao

Borrowed from Tagalog Parungao. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


maragul

pam-adj

maragul (plural mangaragul, superlative pekamaragul)

mangaragul (plural)
pekamaragul (superlative)
madagul (alternative)


pintakasi

pintakási (canonical)
pintacasi (alternative)


aslagan

[əsˈläː.ɡən]

Ati lu king bandang Aslagan ning Asya reng bangsang Tsina, Hapon, Mauling Korea ampong Pangulung Korea.

The countries of China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea are on the eastern part of Asia.


aslagan

[əsˈläː.ɡən]


pamuntuk

I Rodrigo Duterte, iya pin ing kasalungsungang pamuntuk ning Pilipinas.

Rodrigo Duterte is the current president of the Philippines.


galakgak

[ɡə.ləkˈɡäk]

Draco spilopterus
Wikispecies:Draco spilopterus

(obsolete) Philippine flying dragon (Draco spilopterus)


amanu

Possibly derived from Sanskrit आम्ना (āmnā, “to utter; mention”). Compare Malay amanat.

der

Dacal careting bague a 6 misulat, meingatla uli- ning tradicion, ina inalalnang 8an Pablo caring tesalonioenses qfig cumcumandasang mayap ing usuc a tinggapda. Catutuan-ullinan quing ing amanu ning Dios a miluid qning tradicion , ...

1875, Casalesayan ning pañgadding biñagan a Magapalaman quing catecismong picudtana ning P. Astete macayagpangnaman qñg catecismo ning P. Ripalda, page 23:

"Ngeni acu naman: paquiramdaman mung mayap uling iti ya na ing tauli nang amanu ning pialit mung tau." I'Miling canita tinalindiquing ya, canuari e na buring paquiramdaman itang pisasabian da, bista't lalu nong tiningid ding panamdam ...

1981, Edna Manlapaz, Kapampangan Literature:

Ing amanung sisuan

Ing amanung Kapampangan


laggiu

laggiû (canonical)
lag-guio (alternative Spanish obsolete)
laguiu (alternative)
lagiu (alternative)
lagyu (alternative)

Makanyan mu naman kaya kasakitan dang masolu di tata ku at tata ra ibat kng mula ning yatu — bigu, danupan, mapagal, mag-obra dapot kalulu? Makatakut neng dang lagyu ing lagyu kung 'ortelanu'! At kauli ku kng bale, nanung akit da ring ...

1981, Rosalina Icban-Castro, Literature of the Pampangos:

But he avers, "Anggang e ku tutub king bale ning Apung Ginu, anggang keng bale ku, ababanggit ke ing lagyu ning Apung Ginu. Anggang kasalukuyan kong magobra. Halimbawa mipatalabu ku. Pirmi keng ababanggit ing lagyu ning Apung ...

2004, Ma. Catalina M. Tolentino, Lest We be Forgotten, →ISBN:

Dapot cailangan ing magviolin yang pasibayu at qng lagyu ning violin muquiat ya sana qng matas a bunduc ba'neng dungdungan ing yatu, canita maguing dapat ya qng babaing talna'na gamat. Palsinta'niamu i'Violeta. Palsinta'niamu at lalu ...

Nanu ya ing laggiu mu?

Nanu ka laggiu?


galang

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *gálaŋ. Cognate to Tagalog galang.

veneration; reverence (to God, one's parents, superiors, etc.)


banyaga

banyága (canonical)
bangyaga (alternative)

[bənˈjäː.ɡə]

Borrowed from Malay berniaga (“trade”), ultimately from Sanskrit वाणिज्यक (vāṇijyaka, “merchant”), derived from वाणिज (vāṇija, “merchant, trader”). Compare Tagalog banyaga (“foreigner”), Ilocano baniaga. Second sense is a semantic loan from Tagalog banyaga.


Manalastas

From manalastas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


atlu

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *təlu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təlu, from Proto-Austronesian *təlu.


Palad

From palad. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Isip

From Isip. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Ysip.


arung

árung (canonical)
aron (alternative Spanish obsolete)

From Proto-Northern Philippine *qaʔjuŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ə(ŋ)juŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *ujuŋ. Compare Ilocano agong.


asuk

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qasəb, from Proto-Austronesian *qasəb.


nung

From Proto-Central Philippine *kuN (“if”). Compare Bikol Central kun, Cebuano kon, Tagalog kung.

nu (alternative)
nun (alternative)
neng (alternative)
nen (alternative)

Nung munta ka, tuki ku.

Tabalu nung numanu.

Tabalu nung nonka.

Sabian mu nung ninu ika.


nung

Nung bengi, luluwal lareng batuin.

when; at (or as soon as) that time that; if


lintik

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *rintik (“steady dripping, as of sweat or drizzling rain”). Compare Javanese rintik, and Malay rintik.


kalangay

kalángay (canonical)
calangay (alternative)

[kəˈläː.ŋäɪ̯]

Cacatua haematuropygia
Cacatua haematuropygia#Translingual

Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia)


dela Cruz

Dela Cruz (alternative)
de la Cruz (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish de la Cruz, a reference to the Holy Cross. Common surname adapted by many Filipinos during the Spanish colonial era upon conversion to Christianity.


apulu

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *puluq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puluq, from Proto-Austronesian *puluq.


kamatayan

kamatáyan (canonical)
camatayan (alternative)


Manabat

From man- + abat. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


Sotto

Borrowed from Spanish Soto. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Soto, later spelled with double T possibly by influence of Italian American surnames.

Catálogo alfabético de apellidos

a surname from Spanish, originally spelled Soto


Sicat

From sikat. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Gatus

Respelling of earlier Gatos, introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Manaloto

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


terak

dance; a sequence of rhythmic steps or movements usually performed to music


siuala

[sɪˈwäː.ləʔ]

Borrowed from Malay suara (“voice”), from Sanskrit स्वर (svara, “voice; sound”). Compare Javanese ꦱ꧀ꦮꦫ (swara).


Ocampo

Borrowed from Spanish Ocampo, toponymic surname from Galician O Campo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

a common surname from Spanish [in turn from Galician]


Sibug

From sibug. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Quizon

a surname from Spanish [in turn from Hokkien]


Hizon

Possibly from Hokkien 耳孫 /耳孙 (hī-sun, “great-great-great-great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)”), via Spanish Hizon.

der

Maximino Hizon, Filipino revolutionary general

a surname from Hokkien, most notably descendants of migrants from Macau to Parian, Mexico, Pampanga


Paras

From paras (“spicyness”). Not to be confused with eponymous Spanish surname.


Cabungcal

Borrowed from Tagalog Cabungcal. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Pamintuan

From pintu + pang- -an. Literally, “to obey”. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Paguio

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


Yanga

From yanga. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Pecson

From Spanish Pecson, ultimately from Hokkien, possibly 伯孫 (pek-sun). See also Hokkien 仲孫 /仲孙 (Tiōng-sun), Tagalog Tiongson, Cuizon, Siocson, Bengzon, Hokkien 伯仲叔季 (“order of seniority among brothers from eldest to youngest”).


buri

Buri daka.

I like you. → idiomatically used to express: I love you.

Sanung pekaburi kareni?


Mananquil

From manangkil, from tangkil. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Lingad

From lingad. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Manlapaz

Manlápaz (canonical)
Manlapas (alternative)

From mang- + lapas. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos


Sangalang

From sanggalang (“to resist”). Can be loosely translated as "defender". Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Sangalan


Tongol

From tungul. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Magpayo

Borrowed from Tagalog Magpayo. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Laxamana

Laxamána (canonical)
Lacsamana (alternative)

Respelling of Lacsamana under American influence.

a surname from Kapampangan [in turn from Sanskrit]


Maniego

Shortening of Samaniego (from Spanish, through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos), due to sa being interpreted as Tagalog sa.


Nucum

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Nocom.


sapatus

Borrowed from Spanish zapatos, zapato (“palisade”).


kabayu

Borrowed from Spanish caballo, from Latin caballus.


sabung

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sabuŋ. Compare Tagalog sabong.


libu

From Malay ribu, from Proto-Philippine *ʀibu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀibu. Cognate of Tagalog libo.


ugtu

Compare Bikol Central udto, Hiligaynon ugtu and Cebuano udto.

ogto (alternative Spanish obsolete)
udtu (alternative)


Maniquiz

From mang- + tikis. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Maniquis.


taning

Borrowed from Tagalog taning (“time limit”).


pihikan

pihíkan (canonical)
pihican (alternative)


pulikat

pulíkat (canonical)
pulicat (alternative)


balasenas

Borrowed from Early Modern Spanish berenjenas (“eggplant”), plural of berenjena.


tinape

[tɪˈnäː.pɛː]


biabas

Borrowed from Spanish guayabas, plural form of guayaba.


Manguerra

[məŋˈɡɛː.rə]

From mang- + Spanish guerra. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.

prefix

Spanish <i class="Latn mention" lang="es">guerra</i>


santing

Kasantinganan.

Santing nanitang lalaki.

Masanting a lalaki.

Masanting a larawan.


santing

Santing na!

Santing tane?

Santing da!

Alang santing kanini.


kamuning

Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata#Translingual


arsobispo

Borrowed from Spanish arzobispo (“archbishop”).


mang-

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maN-. Compare Malay meng-.

mang- + anak (“child”) → manganak (“to give birth”)

mang- + sali (“buying”) → manyali (“to go shopping”)

3rd actor trigger verb prefix
to practice the action of the root

(with root reduplication) Forms nouns signifying occupations or doer of the action expressed by the root


kamatsile

From Spanish cuamúchil, from Nahuatl cuauhmochitl. Cognate with English camachile.

Pithecellobium dulce
Pithecellobium dulce#Translingual

Pithecellobium dulce, a species of legume originally from Central America


atsi

a respectful title or form of address for an older woman


alimasag

Portunus pelagicus
Portunus pelagicus#Translingual


batuin

From Proto-Philippine *bituqən with irregular metathesis of /i/ and /a/ (cf. Pangasinan bituën, Tagalog bituin, Cebuano bituon).


duldul

From Proto-Philippine *duldul (“thunder”). Compare Bikol Central daguldol and Agutaynen doldol.


gintu

gintû (canonical)
guinto (alternative obsolete)
guintu (alternative)

From Hokkien. Cognate with Tagalog ginto.


labung

Ultimately borrowed from Malay rebong (compare Tagalog labong)


bukul

From Proto-Philippine *bukul, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋkul (compare Tagalog bukol).


buyaw

From Proto-Austronesian *buRaw (compare Tagalog bugaw).


bugbug

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bugbug (compare Tagalog bugbog).


ngusu

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *ŋusuq. Compare Bikol Central nguso and Tagalog nguso.


Dalusung

From dalusung (“go with force and agility”).


pandakaki

banana bush (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui)


ayungin

the silver perch (Leiopotherapon plumbeus)


balakat

Ziziphus talanai (a species of tree endemic to the Philippines)


luklukan

From lukluk + -an. Compare Tagalog luklukan.


nandaka

Ongeni? Nandaka.

Nandaka wari?

Ayba, nandaka.

Balaka ken, nandaka.

Tabalu, nandaka.

Ays, nandaka.


kaluguran daka

[kə.lʊ.ɡʊˈɾän dəˈxä]


pakiramdam

From paki- + damdam (“sense; impression; hear”).

prefix

Masaleseng pakiramdam?

Pakiramdam a pakiramdaman.


ayun

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hayun (“shake, sway, swing”). Compare Cebuano hayon, Malay ayun, and Javanese ꦲꦪꦸꦤ꧀ (ayun).


bakulo

bakúló (canonical)
baculao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
baculau (alternative)
baculo (alternative)
bakulaw (alternative)
bakulau (alternative)

From earlier bakulau. Compare Tagalog bakulaw.


abias

From Proto-Philippine *bəʀas, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas. Cognates with Tagalog bigas, Cebuano bugas, and Malay beras.


baluk

birthmark on the body; blotch; a livid spot on the skin


damulag

Compare Bikol Central damulag and Tagalog damulag.


pihican

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative form of pihikan


bihira

[bɪˈjiː.ɾəʔ]


sanggalang

[səŋ.ɡəˈläŋ]


gayuma

Compare Tagalog gayuma. See also Cebuano gugma (“love”).

(obsolete) poisonous herb applied on weapons, like the spear or lance


bakulud

bakúlud (canonical)
baculud (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bakúlud (“stoney plateau”). Compare Ilocano bakulod, Tagalog bakood, Hanunoo bakulod, Bikol Central bakulod, Aklanon bakueod, Cebuano bakulod, Hiligaynon bakolod, Maranao bakolod, and Tausug bakūd.

highland plain; plateau (rocky high ground, usually surrounded by lowlands from which it stands out)


aglahi

[əɡˈläː.jiʔ]


alipugpug

Quing pauas ning lupamu cananmu ing tinape, anggang mulica qng gabun a que lalangaiunu, uling alipugpugca,t, sublica qng alipugpug. Caibatnang sinabi ning Dios iting macapangaligquig a atul.

1875, Casalesayan ning pañgadding biñagan a Magapalaman quing catecismong picudtana ning P. Astete macayagpangnaman qñg catecismo ning P. Ripalda, page 44:


kakeuan

kakéuan (canonical)
caqueuan (alternative)
cakeuan (alternative)
kakewan (alternative)

From earlier *kakayuan, from *kayu (“tree”) + ka- -an. Compare Pangasinan kakiewan and Tagalog kakahuyan.

Matua, mibalik ka, —ing gulisak nang Gloria, panakit nang tinakas y a iti, dapot ing matua, é mu ing é ya mibalik nuné bagkus na pang selusu ing kayang paman - yulmuk king kakewan.

1931, Aurelio Tolentino, buak nang ester sinulat neng:

"Old man, come back", Gloria cried, as she saw him escape, but the old man, did not only return, but he continued his journey into the forest.


palakul

Matalik la kaul king salu ning gabun ding kanakung yamut Inya naman eku malagwang miragsa o kaya maputput; Ing bukud sikanan a e ku asagka at kaku sumambut Ya ing palakul na ning kamatayan a kanaku mamutut.

1997, Querubin D. Fernandez, Bakas Panas: Katipunan Ding Maygit 100 a Piling Poesiyang Kapampangan, Querubin D. Fernandez Jr:


lambut

Cognate with Tagalog lambot and Malay lembut.


malambut

ma- + lambut. Cognate of Tagalog malambot.


magkanu

magkánu (canonical)
magcanu (alternative)


sampaluk

sampáluk (canonical)
sampaluc (alternative)


santul

Borrowed from Malay sentul (compare Tagalog santol).

Kabukas mabubungsul ku, át inyang misublian kung diwa, ati ku king metung á balé malati king busal ning gubat babo ning ... Minurung ku't dinamput metung á batung mabie king gabun, kasingdagul yang santul, at.


talakituk

Caranx ignobilis
Caranx ignobilis#Translingual


ikami

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

inh+

Ikami ing manuru kekayu.

we; us (exclusive of the person spoken to)


ngungut

Cocos nucifera
Cocos nucifera#Translingual


agpang king

according to (used with non-human objects)


nokarin

nókarin (canonical)
nocarin (alternative)


dayat

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat (“littoral sea”).


kedayatmalatan

kadayatmalatan (alternative)
karayatmalatan (alternative)
kerayatmalatan (alternative)


karayatmalatan

carayatmalatan (alternative)
querayatmalatan (alternative)
kadayatmalatan (alternative)
kedayatmalatan (alternative)
kerayatmalatan (alternative)


kerayatmalatan

kadayatmalatan (alternative)
kedayatmalatan (alternative)
karayatmalatan (alternative)


kuwaho

Borrowed from Hokkien, exactly which word is uncertain, but possibly from 看好 (khòaⁿ, hó͘, literally “look, yeah!”) or 看虎 (khòaⁿ hó͘, literally “watching the tiger”) (compare khanhoo). Compare the cognates Tagalog kuwaho and Spanish cuajo.

(card games) cuajo (a kind of gambling card game consisting of 144 cards played by three or four players)


ebun

→ Tagalog: ibon (“bird”)

From Proto-Central Luzon *ʔəybun, from Northern Proto-Philippine *ʀubun. Compare Sambali oybon.


tapung

From Proto-Philippine *tapuŋ. Compare Malay tepung.


pitna

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋaq. Compare Bikol Central tanga, Cebuano tunga (“half, middle, center”), Ilocano tengnga, Tagalog gitna (“middle”), and Malay tengah (“mid, amid”).


nante

what are we going to do?
what are we going to do?


magin

Possibly from obsolete root *ging (also possible to be *gi/*giq/*gin).

maguin (alternative)
maguing (alternative)

Magin yang kunewu.

Masakit maging kalulu.

Máging yang ayup.

Aliku buring maging kalupa nanita.

Megin yang malagu.


impu

From Hokkien, possibly 引婆 (ín-pô, “grandmother”) or 姆婆 (ḿ-pô, “grandaunt”). Also possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *impu (“grandparent”). Compare Tagalog impo.

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother


nukarin

núkarin (canonical)
nucarin (alternative)
nocarin (alternative)
nokarin (alternative)

Nukarin ka wari makatuknang?


Kulitan

(historical) the ancient traditional writing system used to write Kapampangan language before the colonization by the Spaniards


Baliuag

Baliuag (a municipality of Bulacan, Philippines)


lupisak

Hemidactylus frenatus
Hemidactylus frenatus#Translingual

house lizard, common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)


kayi

Compare Tagalog kuwan, Bikol Central kuwan, Cebuano kuan.

so-and-so, whatchamacallit (placeholder name for a person or thing)


damdam

Possibly from either:
* from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəmdəm.
* from Sanskrit दंड (daṃḍa, “punishment, penalty”). Compare Malay dendam, Tagalog damdam.

der

ramdam (alternative)
randam (alternative)

Pakiramdam ku malulumud ku.

Makadamdam ka.

Penamdaman ne.

kapanamdaman ning pusu ku.


damdam

Damdamang kasakitan.


tangsu

Possibly an abbreviated form of Hokkien 青銅色／青铜色 (chhiⁿ-tâng-siak, “bronze color”) or Hokkien 銅索 (tâng-soh, literally “copper wire”). Compare Tagalog tanso.


isulud

Isulud me ini.


kabaung

kabáung (canonical)
cabaung (alternative)


karayum

karáyum (canonical)
carayum (alternative)

→ Tagalog: karayom

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *daʀum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.


pepalto

complete aspect of ipalto: to be emerged


bastagan

a frame or a wooden mount to stretch a fabric for sewing, embroidering or weaving of fishnets or mats


nanung pilawe-lawe mu

(rhetorical question, somewhat hostile) expresses discomfort because the interlocutor is looking at something; usually, this is said when the interlocutor has been staring at the speaker


calangay

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative form of kalangay


uak

From Proto-Philippine *uak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uak

uac (alternative)
wak (alternative)
uwak (alternative)


kapatad

From ka- + patad. Compare Tagalog kapatid.


abukadu

abukádu (canonical)
abucadu (alternative)


opu

Univerbation of o + pu. Compare Tagalog opo


mengaku

[mɛˈŋäː.xuʔ]


tabalu

tabálû (canonical)
ali ku balu (alternative)
e ku balu (alternative)


maplas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapəjəs. Doublet of maparas.

stinging, smarting (e.g. a wound, when medicine is applied)


baiki

baiqui (alternative)
bayiki (alternative)


talaib

Saccharum spontaneum
Saccharum spontaneum#Translingual


kalauang

kaláuang (canonical)
calauang (alternative)
kalawang (alternative)

[kəˈläː.wəŋ]


kalamunding

→ English: calamondin

→ Pangasinan: kalamunding

→ Spanish: calamondina

desctree

→ Tagalog: kalamunding
→ Hiligaynon: kalamunding


quiliquili

(Súlat Bacúlud) Alternative form of kilikili


kiling

kilíng (canonical)
quiling (alternative)

Bambusa vulgaris
Bambusa vulgaris#Translingual


bunsu

Borrowed from Malay bongsu (“lastborn”), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋsu. Cognate with Tagalog bunso.


gaua

gauâ (canonical)
-um- (affix)
gaua (root)
actor
mang- (affix)
gaua (root)
actor
-an (affix)
gaua (root)
gawa (alternative)

pam-infl-table

gaua

gaua

gaua

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *gawaq (“work, official activity”).


kutkut

From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutkut.


kiyak

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *iak. Compare Bikol Central iyak, Cebuano hilak, Malay iak, Tagalog iyak.


pakuan

pacuan (alternative)
pakwan (alternative)


tigab

Possibly borrowed from Tagalog tigab, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təʀab, from Proto-Austronesian *Cəʀab (“a belch”).


lodyon

an exclamation expressing happiness, excitement, etc.


sarili

From sa + dili (“alone, self”). Compare Bikol Central sadiri, Malay diri/sendiri, and Tagalog sarili.


sindak

Kalye sindak.

Paten king sindak I Barbara.

Sindak a sindak ku.

Sindak kareng milyari.


sukad

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sukat. Compare Aklanon sukat, Tagalog sukat, Malay sukat, and Tetum sukat.


maipas

full of cockroaches; infested with cockroaches


bangke

From Proto-Philippine *baŋkay, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baŋkay. Compare Bikol Central bangkay, Hiligaynon bangkay, Tagalog bangkay, and Indonesian bangkai.


atian

From Proto-Philippine *tian, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tian, from Proto-Austronesian *tiaN. Compare Tagalog tiyan.


kastuli

kastulì (canonical)
castuli (alternative)

Borrowed from Sanskrit कस्तूरी (kastūrī).

bor+

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

abelmosk; musk mallow (Abelmoschus moschatus)


pamakiabe

the custom of maintaining acceptable relationships among members of a group; companionship; fellowship; camaraderie; comradeship

(literal) the act of coming together or residing in one place or home


delos Santos

Borrowed from Spanish de los Santos. Common surname adapted by many Filipinos during the Spanish colonial era upon conversion to Christianity.


atbu

From Proto-Philippine *təbu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təbuh. Compare Tagalog tubó and Malay tebu.


Gapan

Gapan (a city in Nueva Ecija, Philippines)


katulunan

katulúnan (canonical)
catulunan (alternative)
catolonan (alternative Spanish archaic)

seer or shaman who communicates with supernatural beings such as gods and spirits through dreams or visions


kasalukuyan

kasalukúyan (canonical)
casalocoyan (alternative obsolete)
casalucuyan (alternative)


Cabiao

Cabiao (a municipality of Nueva Ecija, Philippines)


de Jesus

a common religious-origin surname from Spanish


Cayanan

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Lubao

Lubao (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Guagua

Borrowed from Spanish Guagua, from Kapampangan uaua.

Guagua (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Baluyut

From baluyut. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos. Compare Tagalog Baluyot.


Balajadia

Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, then as Balahadia. The spelling is a Hispanization; H changed to J due to H being silent in Spanish.


kuintas

kuintás (canonical)
cuintas (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish cuenta, cuentas (“beads”).


Pebreru

[pɛbˈɾɛː.ɾu]


Mierkulis

Miérkulis (canonical)
Mierculis (alternative)


Sasmuan

Sasmwan (alternative)
Sexmoan (alternative dated)

Sasmuan, a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines


sasmuan

(archaic) rendezvous; meeting place; gathering place


yamut

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ʀamut (cf. Sambali yamot, Ilocano ramot, Tagalog gamot (“medicine”), Cebuano gamot).


sasmu

to agree about meeting at a certain place and time


Gueco

a surname from Hokkien, common among Filipinos of Chinese ancestry


kamau

camau (alternative)
camauo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
kamawu (alternative)


Nuqui

Núqui (canonical)
Nuki (alternative)
Nukui (alternative)
Nuque (alternative)

a Filipino-Japanese surname from Japanese


mekeni

mekéni (canonical)
mequeni (alternative)

From a univerbation of ume (“come”) + ka (“you”) + keni (“here”).


aguman

[ˌäːˈɡuː.mən]


batiauan

batiáuan (canonical)
batiawan (alternative)
batyawan (alternative)


abalak

[ˌäːˈbäː.lək]


Menila

[ˌmɛːˈniː.ləʔ]

Borrowed from Tagalog Maynila. By surface analysis, me- + nila.

Manila (a city, the national capital of the Philippines)


timaua

[tɪˈmäː.wəʔ]


dagul

From Proto-Philippine *dakəl. Doublet of dakal.


suklati

sukláti (canonical)
suclati (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish chocolate, from a Classical Nahuatl word, possibly from chocolātl.


amanung sisuan

amánung sísuan (canonical)
amanung siswan (alternative)

From amanu + sisuan, meaning “breastfed language” or “nourishment language”. The word sisuan is derived from susu (“breast”).


alaya

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daya, from Proto-Austronesian *daya (“upriver, toward the interior”). Compare Ilocano daya (“east”), Isnag mandaya (“upstream”), Batad Ifugao Dāya (“heaven”), Tagalog ilaya (“north”), Bikol Central iraya (“upstream; inland”), Masbatenyo iraya (“upstream; hinerland”), Cebuano ilaya (“area away from the coast or town”), Waray-Waray iraya (“farm”), Maranao raya (“upriver”), Kelabit dayeh (“upriver”), Malay barat daya (“southwest”), and Sangir dala (“interior”). From the view of the people living on the southern Kapampangan towns, the upstream of the Pampanga River seems to be coming from Mount Arayat or locally known as Bunduk Alaya. The sense “east” came from Kapampangan mythology where Apung Sinukuan, the god of the sun, is said to live on the mountain.

cog

metaphysics; the intangible, the metaphysical, the universal, the infinite, the divine, the life force or spirit


pinanari

pinanárî (canonical)
pinangari (alternative)
pinan-ari (alternative)

From pinan (“loincloth”) + ari (“king”). It's also possible that the second element is from Malay hari (“day”). Compare Tagalog bahaghari.


arobu

Borrowed from Spanish adobo (“delicacy of marinated meat”). Compare Tagalog adobo.

bor+

adobo (Philippine dish), usually substituting salt for soy sauce


dulubasa

Borrowed from Malay jurubahasa. Sense “expert” is possibly a semantic loan from Tagalog.


katauan

katáuan (canonical)
catauan (alternative)
katawan (alternative)

From tau + ka- -an. Compare Tagalog katawan.


tayum

→ Tagalog: tayom
→ Ilocano: tayum


bauang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bawaŋ (“garlic, onion”).


siklod

kneeling and kissing of the hands of elders (as a sign of respect)


pandi-pandi

Borrowed from Malay panji-panji (“banner, standard”)

bor+

a pennant, or little flag at the top end of something


maraya

[məˈɾäː.jəʔ]


asuang

From Greater Central Philippine *aswang (“witch”). Compare Tagalog aswang, Cebuano aswang, Hiligaynon aswang, and Malay ason (“evil spirit of the night”).

(folklore, mythology) aswang (shapeshifting evil creature in Philippine mythology)


kaladdua

kaladduâ (canonical)
caladdua (alternative)
kaladwa (alternative)
kaladua (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *ka-du-duha. Compare Ilocano kararua and Tagalog kaluluwa.


kuneu

kunéu (canonical)
cuneu (alternative)
kunewu (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish conejo (“rabbit”). Compare Tagalog kuneho.


buangin

buángin (canonical)
bwangin (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buhaŋin (“sandbank, sand spit, shoal”). Possibly from *bu (“dust”) (cf. abu) + angin (“wind”). Compare Tagalog buhangin.


kibit

to shrug; to move one's shoulders to signal disregard or indifference


uaua

uáuâ (canonical)
guagua (alternative Spanish obsolete)
vaua (alternative Spanish obsolete)
wawa (alternative)

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *wáqwaq (“mouth of a river”). Compare Tagalog wawa, Cebuano wawa, Aklanon wawa, Kankanaey wawa, Yami wawa (“sea”).

inh+

river mouth; river confluence; river estuary


kursunada

Borrowed from Spanish corazonada (“hunch”).

bor+

liking; preference; something or someone liked

impulsive or thrilled attack or assault of a stranger


larauan

laráuan (canonical)
larawan (alternative)

[ləˈɾäː.wən]

From Proto-Philippine *ladawan. Compare Ilocano ladawan and Tagalog larawan.


auak

áuak (canonical)
auac (alternative)
awac (alternative)
awak (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *uak (“harsh cry; bellow; loud cry”) (cf. Tagalog uwak, Pangasinan wawak), also onomatopoeic of the sound crows or ravens make.


atul

Borrowed from Malay atur (cf. Tagalog hatol).


panaun

From pa- + naun. Compare Tagalog panahon.

panaon (alternative Spanish obsolete)
panawun (alternative)


kulayu

kuláyû (canonical)
culayo (alternative Spanish obsolete)
culayu (alternative)

Compare Tagalog kuwago and Cebuano kulago.

Philippine eagle owl
w:en:Philippine eagle owl

owl (especially the Philippine eagle owl)


aldau

From Proto-Central Luzon *ʔaldaw, from Proto-Philippine *qaljaw, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaləjaw.


Macabebe

From makabebe (“near the shore”), from maka- + bebe (“shore”).

Macabebe (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


makapanaun

makápanaun (canonical)
macapanaun (alternative)
makapanawun (alternative)


bulio

bulió (canonical)
bulyao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
buliau (alternative obsolete)
bulyau (alternative obsolete)
bulyaw (alternative)
bulyo (alternative)


bulalako

bulalákó (canonical)
bulalacao (alternative Spanish obsolete)
bulalacau (alternative)
bulalakaw (alternative)
bulalaco (alternative)

From Proto-Philippine *bulalakaw (“shooting star; kind of spirit”). Cognate with Tagalog bulalakaw (“meteor”).


taklang-batuin

From takla (“dung”) + batuin (“star”). Compare Tagalog taeng-bituin.

taclang-batuin (alternative)
taklang-batwin (alternative)


Sulungdagis

From sulu (“torch; lamp; light”) + dagis (“mouse; rat”). Compare Tagalog Tanglaw-Daga and Ilaw-Daga.

compound

Sulundaguis (alternative Spanish obsolete)
Sulungdaguis (alternative)


Tagalug

[təˈɡäː.luɡ]


Tagalug

[təˈɡäː.luɡ]

Tagalog (pertaining to the Tagalog region, the Tagalog people, or the Tagalog language)


aluntiang

[ə.lʊnˈt͡ʃäŋ]

aluntian (alternative)
aluntiag (alternative)


uari

Atin ka uaring pera?

Mikimamesus uari ka?


patipati

patipáti (canonical)
pati-pati (alternative)

Ultimately from Sanskrit पारापत (pārāpata, “pigeon”).


uali

From Proto-Philippine *waji (“sibling”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji (“younger sibling of the same sex; younger parallel cousin of the same sex”), from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji (“younger sibling”). Compare Malay adik.


Mal a Aldo

Mal a Aldó (canonical)
Mal a Yaldo (alternative)
Maleldo (alternative informal)

Literally, “Valued Day(s)”. Compare Tagalog Mahal na Araw.


maniaman

maniáman (canonical)
mañaman (alternative)
manyaman (alternative)

From ma- + niaman, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñaman. Compare Malay nyaman.

Ing bucud cung nais at diling pagduglan ing megawing isip canacung pacdayan, canyang panudtud ning malacac manyaman qñg mali nang dase ning

Mapait ya man ing apalia manyaman ya king bisa. Mas masikan ya ing sitsit kesa king gulisak. Masikan ya lub, maina ya tud. Mabalu ya ing makalulan, king singo ning dapukanan.

2003, Romeo C. Cabusao, Candaba: balayan ning leguan:


kabambie

kábambié (canonical)
kabang-bie (alternative)

From kaba (“length”) + -ng- + bie (“life”).


magpakapilanman

From magpa- + kapilan + man ("to do until whenever").

magpakapilan man (alternative)
magpakapilanmo (alternative)


pipamanuluan

From pipaman- + ulu (“medicine, remedy”) + -an.

Mako ne pipamanuluan kaniyan.

(usually formal) hospital; clinic; dispensary


ikayu

Ikayu komusta nakayo?


agyang

andyang (alternative)
anjang (alternative)
jang (alternative)
gyang (alternative)


tiuala

[tɪˈwäː.ləʔ]


panga-

panga- + lansangan (“street”) → pangalansangan (“in the middle of the street”)

panga- + pamipapate (“fights”) → pangapamipapate (“between the fights”)

panga- + lugud (“love”) → pangalugud (“in a form of love”)

panga- + babaleanan (“houses”) → pangababaleanan (“from your houses”)


anyang kanita

Univerbation of anyang (“when”) + kanita (“before”).


kanita

Kanitang manigaral la.

Kanitang duminggu.

Miglakuwan naku kanita.


Pulung Maragul

[pʊˈluŋ məˈɾäː.ɡul]

a barangay of Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines


Sapang Biabas

a barangay of Mabalacat, Pampanga, Philippines


siabukut

Centropus viridis
Centropus viridis#Translingual


aluage

a Philippine pygmy woodpecker (Yungipicus maculatus)


gubiernu

gubiérnu (canonical)
gubyernu (alternative)

Borrowed from Spanish gobierno (“government”).


balikuku

balikúku (canonical)
balicucu (alternative)


Sapang Bato

From sapang batu, literally, “stone creek”


qng̃

(Súlat Bacúlud) Alternative form of king


guintu

(Súlat Bacúlud) Alternative form of gintu


metung

From Proto-Central Luzon *maʔituŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qituŋ (“to count, think”). Compare Tausug itung.


pangaku

[pəˈŋäː.xuʔ]

From pang- + aku. Compare Tagalog pangako.


magpakamate

From mag- + pakamate. Compare Tagalog magpakamatay.


magpakamate

mágpakamate (canonical)
mag- (affix)
pakamate (root)
actor
magpacamate (alternative)

pam-infl-table

magpakamate


magaral

[məˈɡäː.ɾəl]

[ˈmäː.ɡə.ɾəl]

From mag- + aral. Compare Tagalog mag-aral.


magaral

mágaral (canonical)
mag- (affix)
aral (root)
actor

magaral

[məˈɡäː.ɾəl]

[ˈmäː.ɡə.ɾəl]


migaral

migáral (canonical)
megaral (alternative)

[mɪˈɡäː.ɾəl]


manalangin

mánalangin (canonical)
mang- (affix)
dalangin (root)
actor

manalangin


palacul

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative form of palakul


bangkala

bangkálâ (canonical)
bangcala (alternative)
bancala (alternative)

[bəŋˈkäː.ləʔ]

Corruption of Sanskrit कङ्काल (kaṅkāla).


talauk

From Proto-Philippine *taraquk, doublet of *taʀaquk.

(onomatopoeia) cock-a-doodle-doo; cry of a rooster


taruc

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative spelling of taruk


kastiliu

kastíliu (canonical)
castillu (alternative)
kastilyu (alternative)
castiliu (alternative)
castilyu (alternative)


carayum

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative spelling of karayum


Malpitic

a barangay of San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines


Salapungan

a barangay of Tarlac City, Tarlac, Philippines


pulicat

(Súlat Bacúlud, Ámung Sámson) Alternative spelling of pulikat


Ibpa Mi

From the incipit of the Kapampangan translation of the Lord's Prayer.
Literally, “Our Father”.


uakas

uacas (alternative)
wakas (alternative)
wacas (alternative)


Salusu

a barangay of San Simon, Pampanga, Philippines


palengki

Borrowed from Spanish palenque (“palisade”).


Manliclic

From manliklik, from liklik. Originated in Guagua.


Manalese

From manalese, from salese. Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


Porac

Porac (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Minalin

Minalin (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Pandacaqui

a barangay of Mexico, Pampanga, Philippines


Sigua

From siggua (“very strong cyclonic wind”). Introduced through the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos.


kulug

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kudug (“thunder”). Cognate to Tagalog kulog.


kuayan

kuáyan (canonical)
cauayan (alternative)
cuayan (alternative)
kauayan (alternative)
kawayan (alternative)
kwayan (alternative)

From earlier kauayan, from Proto-Austronesian *kawayan (“bamboo”). Cognate to Tagalog kawayan.


katmun

Compare Tagalog katmon and Cebuano katmon.

Dillenia philippinensis, a species of tree endemic to the Philippines


kandaru

kandáru (canonical)
candaru (alternative)


bulaun

From a Sambalic language, from Central Proto-Philippine *hamurʔawən (“Vitex parviflora”), the change from M to B due to rebracketing. Doublet of mulauin, a borrowing from Tagalog. Cognate to Pangasinan bulawen.

der

molave (tree, Vitex parviflora or Vitex cofassus species, and its wood)


mulauin

muláuin (canonical)
mulawin (alternative)

Borrowed from Tagalog mulawin from Central Proto-Philippine *hamurʔawən (“Vitex parviflora”). Doublet of bulaun, a borrowing from Sambalic.


babing dikut

bábing díkut (canonical)
babing dicut (alternative)


dikut

From Proto-Central Luzon *dikut (cf. Sambali dikot).


mabayat

From ma- + bayat. Cognate to Sambali mabyat and Tagalog mabigat.


tsismosu

Borrowed from Spanish chismoso, from chisme + -oso, from cisma, from Latin schisma, from Ancient Greek σχίσμα (skhísma, “division”), from σχίζω (skhízō, “I split”).


taksiapu

táksiápû (canonical)
tacsiapu (alternative)
taksiyapu (alternative)
taksyapu (alternative)

[ˌtäːkˈʃäː.puʔ]

From blend of antak (“cunt; vagina”) + masias (“hard”) + apu (“grandmother”).


parul

Borrowed from Spanish farol, from faro, from Latin pharus, from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros). Compare Tagalog parol.


matimyas

From ma- + timyas. Compare Tagalog matimyas

matimias (alternative)
matimiyas (alternative)


taggiang

→ Tagalog: tadyang

From Proto-Austronesian *tagəʀaŋ. Compare Ibatan taglang, and Pangasinan taglang.

tag-guiang (alternative Spanish obsolete)
tagguiang (alternative Spanish obsolete)
taguiang (alternative)
tagiang (alternative)
tagyang (alternative)


atbus

ransom (money paid for the release of a captive)

redemption (as of mortgaged property, etc.)


Bacolor

Borrowed from Spanish Bácolor, modern variant of Spanish Bacolod, from bakulud (“elevated piece of land; highland plain; plateau”). Compare Tagalog Bacoor and Hiligaynon Bacolod.

Bacolor (a municipality of Pampanga, Philippines)


Tauling Apunan

Tauling Apúnan (canonical)
Tawling Apunan (alternative)


aksidenti

Borrowed from Spanish accidente, from Latin accidentem.


kesiap

késiap (canonical)
quésiap (alternative)
quesiap (alternative)
quesyap (alternative)
kesyap (alternative)

Borrowed from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”, literally “pickled fish juice”). Compare Indonesian kecap, English ketchup, Tagalog ketsap, Malay kicap, Dutch ketjap.

bor+

fish sauce (a fish brine byproduct from making bagoong, used as an ingredient or condiment in the Philippines)


apalia

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paria. Compare Tagalog ampalaya, apalya, Tausug paliya' and Malay peria.


Banal a Espiritu

Partial calque of Spanish Espíritu Santo (“Holy Spirit”), from Latin Spīritus Sānctus (“Holy Spirit”), calque of Ancient Greek Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (Pneûma tò Hágion, literally “Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit”).

der

Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον


begukan

bégukan (canonical)
begucan (alternative)

From bagukan + -i-, from baguk (“brine; pickle”) + -an. Literally, “that which is put in brine”.

A sautéed pork dish of the Philippines, flavoured with shrimp paste.


kasiam

casiam (alternative)
kasiyam (alternative)


dakal a salamat

Literally, “many thanks”, or more loosely translated as “thanks a lot”.

lit

thank you very much; (informal) many thanks


pantalun

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek πᾶς (pâs)
Ancient Greek ἔλεος (éleos)
Proto-Indo-European *-eti
Proto-Indo-European *-eyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-esyéti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti
Ancient Greek -έω (-éō)
Ancient Greek ἐλεέω (eleéō)
Proto-Indo-European *-mṓ
Ancient Greek -μων (-mōn)
Ancient Greek ἐλεήμων (eleḗmōn)
Ancient Greek Παντελεήμων (Panteleḗmōn)bor.
Spanish Pantaleónder.
Italian Pantaloneder.
French pantalonbor.
Spanish pantalónbor.
Kapampangan pantalun
Borrowed from Spanish pantalón.


paruminggu

/pəɾʊˈmiŋɡu/


balibagu

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

the sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)


kasua

kasuá (canonical)
kasuâ (canonical)
casua (alternative)
kaswa (alternative)
caswa (alternative nonstandard)

Borrowed from Hokkien 虼蚻 (ka-choa̍h, “cockroach”). Compare Indonesian kecoak / kacoa, Thai กะจั๊ว (gà-júua).


ulaga

Borrowed from Malay harga, from Sanskrit अर्घ (arghá), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“price, value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰ-ós, from *h₂elgʷʰ- (“to cost, have value”). Compare Aklanon haega, Tausug halga', Hindi आघ (āgh), and Persian ارزش (arzeš).


pamamupul

The time or season of the year for the gathering of ripened crops; happens every September, October or November.


mablas

dispung mablasan
dispung mablasan#Kapampangan


dispung mablasan

Dispung mablasan (canonical)
Dispung mablas (alternative)
Dispung mamblasan (alternative)


dispu

From Dios + pu. A Kapampángan expression affixed to greetings that are reference to God.


komusta naka

kómustá naka (canonical)
komusta na ka (alternative)


mipakananu naka

mipakanánu naká (canonical)
mipakananu na ka (alternative)


kasapegu

Borrowed from Spanish casa fuego (“fire house”). Compare Ibatan kasapoygo, Ilocano kasapuego, Yogad kasafego, and Tagalog kasapuwego.


taimik

taímik (canonical)
-um- (affix)
taimik (root)
actor
mang- (affix)
taimik (root)
actor

pam-infl-table

taimik

taimik


nanaman

nanamán (canonical)
na naman (alternative)

Mengan naku nanaman.

Atiyune nanaman?

Nokarin nanaman ini?

Nanaman ninanu kamo?!


bubung

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bubuŋ.


nuanti

(interrogative) how (of quantity, measurements, etc.); what quantity or amount; how much


kekayu

(possessive, honorific) yours (singular)


patugut

Patugut naka.

Patugut naku.

Patugut lalapit.

Patugut lalawe.


kaninu

kanínu (canonical)
caninu (alternative)
kenu (alternative)
ken (alternative)

From Proto-Central Philippine *kaniʔnu (“whose”). Compare Tagalog kanino, Asi kanin-o.


pangabuntuk magpangbitis

manibat buntuk anggang bitis#Kapampangan

Alternative form of manibat buntuk anggang bitis


Ginu ku

Ginu ku ! (canonical)
Ginu ku po (alternative)
Nuko (alternative)
Gino ko (alternative)
Guinu co (alternative)

Ginu ku! Ot kamal nanaman nine?!

Ginu ku naman po! Menanu naka?


Apung Ginu

Ápung Ginu (canonical)
ApunGinu (alternative)
Apung Guinu (alternative)
ApunGuino (alternative)
Apung Guino (alternative)

[ˈäː.puŋ ɡɪˈnu]

Abrahamic religions
w:Abrahamic religions

(honorific) an honorific reference to any god or deity, including the God of the Abrahamic religions


Ginu

Possibly from Proto-Bisayan *gin- (cf. Cebuano gi- and Hiligaynon gin- prefixes) + Greater Central Philippine *túʔuh (“believe; give credence to”) (cf. Tagalog totoo, Cebuano tuo), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqu (“true”). Compare Tagalog ginoo Bikol Central ginoo, Cebuano ginoo. Also possibly related to Sanskrit नु (nu, “praise”).

(historical) lord; noble from the ruling class


ginu

Compare Cebuano ginoo, Hiligaynon ginoo, Tagalog ginoo.


pakananu

pakanánu (canonical)
pacananu (alternative)


pampilan

pangpilan (alternative)
pang-pilan (alternative)

whatth; how manyth; which ordinal number; what number


nanu ot

nánu ot (canonical)
nanu't (alternative)
nanuot (alternative)
nanu-ot (alternative)

Univerbation of nanu (“what”) + obakit (“why”).

univerbation

Nanu ot atiyuka?

Nanu ot kakanian ka?

Nanu ot migpa-Menila ka?


obakit

obákit (canonical)
o bakit (alternative)
o't (alternative)
ot (alternative)

Obakit atiyuka?

Obakit naman?


ayik

From Proto-Philippine *hajək, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hajək, from Proto-Austronesian *Sajək. Compare Ilocano agek, Tagalog halik, Bikol Central hadok, Cebuano halok, and Waray-Waray harok.


[mɪˌxäːˌkäːˌpäː.pəɡˌbäː.bəˌläː.bəˌläː.ŋɪ.ŋjəˌnäː.nə.ŋəˈnäː.nən]

From mika- + ka- + pa- + pag- + babalabalangingi + -an + ana- + ngan- + -an + -an + -an with initial reduplication.

af

a group of people having their noses bleed at the same time.


babalabalangingi

/bəbələbələŋɪˈŋi/


tuknang

Tuknang naka.

Tuknang naku.

Tuknang! Tuknang nakamo.

Tuknang keng gawan.


tuknang

Nokarin ka makatuknang?

Munta ku pipantuknangan.

home; dwelling; live; abode; residence; staying


tiapilan

pampilan (canonical)
chapilan (alternative)
tsapilan (alternative)


tiamagkanu

tiámagkánu (canonical)
chamagkanu (alternative)
tsamagkanu (alternative)

[ˌt͡ʃäː.məɡˈkäː.nu]


ninuan

Ninuan daka?

Ninuan naka?


nanu ngeni

Univerbation of nanu (“what”) + ngeni (“now, today”).


nanung oras

Univerbation of nanu (“what”) + oras (“time, hours”) + -ng.


ketauan

From tau + ke- + -an. Compare Cebuano kinatawhan, Tagalog kinatawan.