A

Borrowed from Tagalog A. Pronunciation is influenced by English A.

The first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ey and written in the Latin script.


f

Borrowed from Tagalog f. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English f.

The sixth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ef and written in the Latin script.


y

Borrowed from Tagalog y. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English y.

The twenty-seventh letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called way and written in the Latin script.


en

oblique argument
a singular proper nominal marker

a personal pronoun marker, wherein "en" is followed by a class III pronoun


o

Borrowed from Tagalog o. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English o.

The seventeenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.


o

The name of the Latin-script letter o/O.


i

Borrowed from Tagalog i. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English i.

The ninth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ay and written in the Latin script.


i

Borrowed from English ee, the English name of the letter E/e.

The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.


X

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ekh

Borrowed from Tagalog X. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English X.

The twenty-sixth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called eks and written in the Latin script.


sin

oblique argument, specifically a common nominal definite marker


e

e (canonical)
ë (canonical)
E (uppercase)

Borrowed from Tagalog e. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English e.

The fifth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.


b

Borrowed from Tagalog b. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English b.

The second letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called bi and written in the Latin script.


c

Borrowed from Tagalog c. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English c.

The third letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called si and written in the Latin script.


d

Borrowed from Tagalog d. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English d.

The fourth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called di and written in the Latin script.


g

Borrowed from Tagalog g. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English g.

The seventh letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called dyi and written in the Latin script.


h

Borrowed from Tagalog h. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English h.

The eighth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called eyts and written in the Latin script.


j

Borrowed from Tagalog j. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English j.

The tenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called dyey and written in the Latin script.


k

Borrowed from Tagalog k. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English k.

The eleventh letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called key and written in the Latin script.


l

Borrowed from Tagalog l. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English l.

The twelfth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called el and written in the Latin script.


m

Borrowed from Tagalog m. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English m.

The thirteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called em and written in the Latin script.


n

Borrowed from Tagalog n. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English n.

The fourteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.


p

Borrowed from Tagalog p. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English p.

The eighteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called pi and written in the Latin script.


q

Borrowed from Tagalog q. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English q.

The nineteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called kyu and written in the Latin script.


r

Borrowed from Tagalog r. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English r.

The twentieth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.


s

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -eh

Borrowed from Tagalog s. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English s.

The twenty-first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.


t

Borrowed from Tagalog t. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English t.

The twenty-second letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ti and written in the Latin script.


u

Borrowed from Tagalog u. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English u.

The twenty-third letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called yu and written in the Latin script.


v

Borrowed from Tagalog v. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English v.

The twenty-fourth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called vi and written in the Latin script.


w

Borrowed from Tagalog w. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English w.

The twenty-fifth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called dobolyu and written in the Latin script.


z

Borrowed from Tagalog z. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English z.

The twenty-eighth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called zi and written in the Latin script.


bus

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -uh

the abundance/plentifulness of water (in wells, rivers, etc.)


si

oblique argument, specifically a common nominal indefinite marker


baba

Eugenia mananquil Blanco (a myrtaceous tree with an edible fruit)


baba

Laggera alata (a common composite herb with pinkish flowers)


ed

oblique argument, specifically a place or time marker


puso

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -uho


anak

From Proto-Philippine *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


ng

Borrowed from Tagalog ng. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English n and English g.

The sixteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called endyi and written in the Latin script.


Egipto

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


aba

act of carrying on the back, usually a child


ñ

Borrowed from Tagalog ñ. Letter pronunciation is influenced by Spanish ñ.

The fifteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called enye and written in the Latin script.


lima

From Proto-Philippine *lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


logan

Pig-an logan ko ya din kalgak?

How much is the ride for myself and my cargo?


good morning

[ˌɡod̚ mʊɾˈni̞ŋ]

[ˌɡod̚ mʊɾˈneŋ]

good morning (used as a greeting when meeting someone for the first time in the morning.)


aw

yes; used to show agreement or acceptance.


siyam

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hiwa, from Proto-Austronesian *Siwa.


ii

said when a person does not believe what has been told; no!; nonsense!


aso

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -aho

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ahu

From Proto-Philippine *asu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *asu.


titi

rainwater leaking from the roof or eaves


ya

Nu kanenmi nan tinapay

2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Acclamacion [Acclamation]”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio, page 178

When we eat this bread
And drink this chalice


ya

Aw, nanlaklakoda ya.

Expressing apprehension following or preceding a reasoning or excuse; eh.


mata

From Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


amano

From Spanish jugar mano a mano (“to play even”).


a

Borrowed from Tagalog a. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English a.

The first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ey and written in the Latin script.


a

Kamán kan adí pinikpík mo? Pinikpík ko a.

2021, Allen, Larry, “a”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary, Summer Institute of Linguistics:

How come it seems like you didn't pat him? I patted him, all right.


Adan

(used only in tales) A mythological location.


B

Borrowed from Tagalog B. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English B.

The second letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called bi and written in the Latin script.


C

Borrowed from Tagalog C. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English C.

The third letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called si and written in the Latin script.


D

Borrowed from Tagalog D. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English D.

The fourth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called di and written in the Latin script.


E

E (canonical)
Ë (canonical)
e (lowercase)

Borrowed from Tagalog E. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English E.

The fifth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.


F

Borrowed from Tagalog F. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English F.

The sixth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ef and written in the Latin script.


G

Borrowed from Tagalog G. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English G.

The seventh letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called dyi and written in the Latin script.


Genesis

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ehih


H

Borrowed from Tagalog H. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English H.

The eighth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called eyts and written in the Latin script.


I

Borrowed from Tagalog I. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English I.

The ninth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ay and written in the Latin script.


J

Borrowed from Tagalog J. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English J.

The tenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called dyey and written in the Latin script.


K

Borrowed from Tagalog K. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English K.

The eleventh letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called key and written in the Latin script.


L

Borrowed from Tagalog L. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English L.

The twelfth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called el and written in the Latin script.


M

Borrowed from Tagalog M. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English M.

The thirteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called em and written in the Latin script.


N

Borrowed from Tagalog N. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English N.

The fourteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called en and written in the Latin script.


Ng

Borrowed from Tagalog Ng. Pronunciation is influenced by English N and English G.

The sixteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called endyi and written in the Latin script.


O

Borrowed from Tagalog O. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English O.

The seventeenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.


P

Borrowed from Tagalog P. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English P.

The eighteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called pi and written in the Latin script.


Q

Borrowed from Tagalog Q. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English Q.

The nineteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called kyu and written in the Latin script.


R

Borrowed from Tagalog R. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English R.

The twentieth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ar and written in the Latin script.


S

Borrowed from Tagalog S. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English S.

The twenty-first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.


T

Borrowed from Tagalog T. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English T.

The twenty-second letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ti and written in the Latin script.


U

Borrowed from Tagalog U. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English U.

The twenty-third letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called yu and written in the Latin script.


V

Borrowed from Tagalog V. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English V.

The twenty-fourth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called vi and written in the Latin script.


W

Borrowed from Tagalog W. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English W.

The twenty-fifth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called dobolyu and written in the Latin script.


Y

Borrowed from Tagalog Y. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English Y.

The twenty-seventh letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called way and written in the Latin script.


Z

Borrowed from Tagalog Z. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English Z.

The twenty-eighth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called zi and written in the Latin script.


Ñ

Borrowed from Tagalog Ñ. Pronunciation is influenced by Spanish Ñ.

The fifteenth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called enye and written in the Latin script.


ili

(Baguio) homeland, referring to Mountain Province


Gen.

(religion) Abbreviation of Genesis (book of the Bible)


pako

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paku, from Proto-Austronesian *pahəku (“bracken; edible fern that grows by rivers”).

inh

a small fern-like plant found along riverbanks


ey

Borrowed from Tagalog ey, from English ay, the English name of the letter A/a.

The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.


ey

An interjection beginning each strophe in daing songs


labi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀabiqi, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀabiqi.


haba

tlb

(Sabangan, particularly Bun-ayan, Pingad, Bao-angan, Camatagan, Napua, Gayang, Capinitan, Busa, Namatec)


x

Borrowed from Tagalog x. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English x.

The twenty-sixth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called eks and written in the Latin script.


esa

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -əha


sis

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ih


Ecclesiastes

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ahteh

(biblical) Ecclesiastes (book of the Bible)


diket

rice cake, typically wrapped in banana leaves


apo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).

inh

A respectful term of address to a person of higher rank or position; sir, madam


itlog

[ʔi̞t̚ˈloɡ̚]

[ʔi̞t̚ˈroɡ̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ.


langit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC.


otak

[ˈʔoː.tʌk̠̚]


bato

From Proto-Philippine *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.


manok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.


manok

Said when a person will be the first to play a game


danom

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danum, from Proto-Austronesian *daNum.

Ipeg-as ko pay nan danom. : I'll bless you with water.

Benguet Kankana-ey blessing, quoted in the Saint Louis University Research Journal, volumes 31-32, page 61

Mawada di mangalsig sin danom ta maitken din danom sin liboo ed kayang sin danom ay wada sin daga.

Din nanlogian di am-in, Kankanaey translation of the Biblical book of Genesis, 1.6

"Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters."


ina

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.


lumut

From Proto-Philippine *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


anes

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -anəh

a type of bamboo used for making baskets


mangan

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ma-ŋaən. Compare Ilocano mangan. By surface analysis, mang- + kan.


utek

[ˈʔuː.tɨk̠̚]

[ˈʔoː.tɨk̠̚]


Jeremias

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -iah

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ajah


anido

act of gathering around a fireplace to warm up during cold weather


tapian

San layadmo, adim tapian si gëgë
San layad sin pusom, adim dadaëlën

2014 September 25, “Tet-ewa Ay Layad”, performed by Jeffrey Ettie:


Levitico

(biblical) Leviticus (book of the Bible)


Deuteronomio

(biblical) Deuteronomy (book of the Bible)


bado

Borrowed from Malay baju (cf. Tagalog baro), ultimately from Classical Persian بازو (bāzū, “upper arm”).


sukat

the exchange of gifts between the spouses before a wedding


daga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat (“littoral sea”).


Tue

Mountain Province
Mountain Province#English

A barangay of Tadian, Mountain Province, Philippines


gatas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -atah


depa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəpah, from Proto-Austronesian *dəpah.

a unit of measurement from the tip of the middle finger of the left hand to the tip of the middle finger of the right hand.


agas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -aɡah


panga

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.


olas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -olah

Borrowed from Spanish horas, plural of hora (“hour; time”).


ligat

difficulty; hardship (as of a task or action)

Ta badangam dakami
Mansulbar si ligatmi

2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Dios Ama Ay Say Apo”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio:

So that you will help us
That will solve our sufferings


adi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hədiq. Compare Tagalog hindi.


soka

Mabalin abe ay ammosan din awaknas alcohol ono soka.

1976, Jovita Atayoc, Rafael Guerzon, Julio Tatpiec, Pasigeden di Biyag [For a Better Way of Life] (overall work in Kankanaey, Tagalog, and English), Summer Institude of Linguistics - Philippines, Inc.:

It is also possible to apply alcohol or vinegar on their body.


botos

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -otoh

Borrowed from Ilocano botos, which is from Spanish votos.


supun

gifts that a married couple receives on their wedding


kape

Mankape tako imun-una saka ta agtrabaho.

Let's have some snacks first before we work.


bilang

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *bilaŋ (“to count, calculate; hold valuable”).


aklat

[ʔʌk̠̚ˈlʌt̚]

[ʔʌk̠̚ˈrʌt̚]


eges

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -əh


pekpek

[pɨk̠̚ˈpɨk̠̚]


calis

Borrowed from Ilocano calis or Spanish cáliz.

Nu kanenmi nan tinapay


wada

An expletive pronoun used to indicate existence; there


atep

From Proto-Philippine *qatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp.

roof (the cover at the top of a building)


man-

From Proto-Austronesian *maʀ-. Compare Tagalog mag-.

man- + inom (“drink”) → man-inom (“to drink”)

man- + kilat (“white”) → mankilat ...

used to form adjectives indicating an attribute


babai

babái (canonical)
babbai (plural)
babae (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *bahi (“woman, female”).

inh

lalaki ya babai : man and woman


Igorot

Borrowed from Tagalog Igorot or Ilocano Igorot.

Igorot; Cordilleran (indigenous inhabitant of the Luzon Cordillera mountain ranges in the Philippines)


udan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qudán (“rain”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan (“rain”), from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN (“rain”).


wao

eight days of strong rain, usually in August


pilak

Borrowed from Malay pirak, obsolete form of perak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak, possibly of Khmeric origin.


lamok

From Proto-Philippine *lamuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamuk, *lamuk.


uling

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qujiŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qujiŋ.


paypay

a ritual right before a burial to have space from the spirits that reside on the burial site

a ritual to return a wandering soul from abroad into the body of a sick person

a practice that farmer parents do to speak to their infant's soul to not get left behind on the field

a practice that insulted girls do wherein a prayer/curse is put on a stone or chicken


dagom

From Proto-Philippine *daʀum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.


wagwag

act of removing a fish from an ugat trap

(by extension, colloquial) clothes bought at a wagwagan


ulas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ulah


daing

a kind of song and dance performed on a solemn feast or sacrifice


tatang

From Philippine Spanish tata (“daddy”) + -ng (“diminutive suffix”).


tawen

From Proto-Austronesian *CawiN (“year”) (a term mostly reflected in Formosan languages).


Sabangan

Sabángan (canonical)
Habangan (alternative)

From sab-atan (“meeting place”), referring to the meeting of the Chico river and the Baduyam river.
Folklore says about the legend "Saba nan Bangan" (“Bangan's Banana”), wherein years ago, there was a couple named Bangatan and Bogan with their daughter Bangan. While Bangan was playing on their garden full of bananas, a stranger arrived, pointed to the surroundings, and asked what the name of the village is. Bangan thought that the stranger was asking for the name of the fruit, and so she responded "saba". The stranger asked again and Bangan thought that the stranger was asking for her name, so she replied Bangan. The stranger had a hard time pronouncing the two words and just said "Sabangan", to which Bangan just nodded. From then on, the place was called Sabangan.

A municipality of Mountain Province, Philippines.


agsapa

[ʔʌɡ̚ˈsaː.pʌ]

[ʔʌɡ̚ˈhaː.pʌ]


nanang

From Philippine Spanish nana (“mommy”) + -ng (“diminutive suffix”).


lamot

From Proto-Philippine *ʀamut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀamut (“fibrous roots”).


patang

act of placing something on top of another


nuwang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanuaŋ, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *qaNuaŋ.


padanga

(Buguias, Kibungan, Bakun, Mankayan, Kapangan) shoulder


alabong

alabóng (canonical)
allabong (alternative)


ka- -an

Igorot (“Igorot”) + ka- -an → Kaigorotan (“the Igorots, Igorot village”)

Baguio (“Baguio”) + ka- -an → Kabaguioan (“the people of Baguio, the area of Baguio”)

Maynila (“Manila”) + ka- -an → Kamaynilaan (“the people of Manila, the area of Manila”)

used to form proper nouns indicating a domain of a people or place

badang (“help”) + ka- -an → kabadangan (“helper”)

inom (“drink”) + ka- -an → kainoman (“group of people with whom to drink”)

turog (“sleep”) + ka- -an → katurogan (“group of people with whom to sleep”)

used to form nouns indicating a reciprocal relation

mangan (“help”) + ka- -an → kamanganan (“about time to eat”)

bisin (“help”) + ka- -an → kabisinan (“about to be hungry”)

riing (“wake up”) + ka- -an → kariingan (“about to wake up”)

used to form nouns indicating the time period wherein it is about to happen

sitek (“dirty”) + ka- -an → kasitekan (“dirty place”)

taray (“run”) + ka- -an → katarayan (“the place where [the subject] ran”)

pukaw (“steal”) + ka- -an → kapukawan (“the place where [the subject] was stolen”)

used to form nouns indicating the location where it happened

natey (“death”) + ka- -an → kanateyan (“cause of death”)

suro (“teach”) + ka- -an → kasuroan (“the act of teaching”)

aramid (“do”) + ka- -an → kaaramidan (“the act of doing, creating”)

used to form nouns indicating the act of doing the action expressed by the root, or the manner in which the action expressed by the root is performed

laing (“wise”) + ka- -an → kalaingan (“wisest”)

kulit (“naughty”) + ka- -an → kakulitan (“naughtiest”)

bangsit (“smelly”) + ka- -an → kabangsitan (“smelliest”)

used to form the superlative degree of an adjective


Bontoc

Bontoc (a municipality, the capital of Mountain Province, Cordillera Administrative Region, Luzon, Philippines)


Mountain Province

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ovinh

Borrowed from English Mountain Province.

Intako agawid ed Mountain Province.

Come, let's go home to Mountain Province.

A province of the Cordillera Administrative Region, Luzon, Philippines. Capital: Bontoc


Cagayan

[k̠ʌ.ɡai̯ˈʔʌn]

Cagayan (a province of Cagayan Valley, Luzon, Philippines; capital and largest city: Tuguegarao)


ok-ok

[ˈʔok̠̚.ʔok̠̚]

Isosoyop ono ibabaktad. Bomadang din soyop ya illeng ay mangaan sin ok-ok ono panateng. Adi bomalbala.

[Let the person] sleep or lie down. Sleeping and lying down helps in the relief of cough and colds. Do not go out.


pinikpikan

From pikpik (“beat”) + -in- + -an, referring to the way the live chicken is prepared by being beaten to death.

An Igorot chicken dish with singed feathers


songsong

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -oŋhoŋ


La Trinidad

La Trinidad (a municipality, the capital of Benguet, Cordillera Administrative Region, Luzon, Philippines)


bisil

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ihil


gabgab

[ˈɡʌb̚.ɡʌb̚]


ngadan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ŋájan, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋajan, from Proto-Austronesian *ŋajan.

Amami ay wadad daya

2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Amami”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio


nasdem

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ahdəm


ngarud

ngarúd (canonical)
garud (alternative)
garod (alternative)
galod (alternative)
ngarod (alternative)
ngalod (alternative)

Aw ngarud.

Yes, because the alternative that we have just discussed is not viable.

Wada ngarud.

There is, stop saying that there's none.

an indicator or affirmation that the alternative is not viable, is silly, and/or can be negated.

Enta ngarud.

Let's go, we can stop waiting [for something].

Agmanehokan ngarud.

an indicator that negates an implicit alternative to an action; then.

Enta sin Baguio, baken sin La Unión? Aw ngarud.
Shall we go to Baguio, not La Unión? Fine, yes.

a way to add a negative tone
reluctant tone

Enta sin Baguio, baken sin Unión? Aw ngarud.
Shall we go to Baguio, not La Unión? Yes, I already agreed.

a way to add a negative tone
impatient tone

Enta sin Baguio, baken sin La Unión? Aw ngarud.
Shall we go to Baguio, not La Unión? Yes already, please stop asking.

a way to add a negative tone
irritable tone


dakami

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *da and Proto-Austronesian *kami, from *ami.

First-person plural exclusive independent pronoun: we (not you); us (not you)


otek

ótëk (canonical)
utek (alternative)
otok (alternative)
otak (alternative)
etek (alternative)

[ˈʔuː.tɨk̠̚]

[ˈʔoː.tɨk̠̚]


Lagan

From lagan (“sand”), since the area is beside the Chico River wherein there is a lot of sand.

A barangay of Sabangan, Mountain Province, Philippines


Data

Clipping of nadatdat-a (“flat land”).
Folklore says that this is the land that Layawen (from Ankileng) migrated, and where their pig gave birth. Since Layawen struggled in bringing and returning their pig and its kids, Layawen took their family and just resided on the land. When the residents asked where are they going, they responded "nadatdat-a". Other people followed them and also resided in the area, after which the area was called "Data".


andap

→ Tagalog: andap


Kankanaey

Kankanaëy (canonical)
Kankana-ey (alternative)
Kankanay (alternative)
Kankanai (alternative)

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

Unknown. Possibly derived from kana (“say, tell”).

A Cordilleran language spoken primarily by the Kankanaey people.

A member of an indigenous people of the northern Philippines, part of the Igorot people.


Kankanaey

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

Kankanaey (pertaining to the Kankanaey people or the Kankanaey language)


luplupak

Lilium philippinense
Wikispecies:Lilium philippinense


aaw

a ceremony at the beginning of a harvest, wherein a bundle of palay is hung and a chicken is killed


tokod

a vertical post to support an elevated house

Idi siya di, kanan Samson sin anak ay mangitaktakkay en sisya, “Ipakapay mon sak-en din tokod ay nananggen isnan beey tan laydek ay mansadag.”

2000, Wycliffe Bible Translators, Kalin Diyos, Judges 16:26:

a pillar for supporting a larger structure


Kankanaëy

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

(rare, formal) Standard spelling of Kankanaey.


Kankanaëy

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]


dobolyu

Borrowed from Tagalog dobolyu, from English double-u, the English name of the letter W/w.

The name of the Latin-script letter W/w.


uyek

[ˈʔuː.jɨk̠̚]


tiagew

[ˈtjaː.ɡɨʊ̯]


mangan taku

mangan tako (alternative)
intaku mangan (alternative)
intako mangan (alternative)


Kankana-ey

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]


Kankana-ey

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]


umali kayo

From umali (“come”) + kayo (“you (plural)”).


Mt. Province

Mountain Province
Mountain Province#Kankanaey


Tadian

[tʌd̚ˈd͡ʒʌn]

A municipality of Mountain Province, Philippines.


Bauko

Meronyms: Upper Bauko, Lower Bauko


Barlig

[ˈbʌɾ.li̞ɡ̚]

[ˈbʌɾ.ri̞ɡ̚]


lomeng

(Sabangan, particularly Busa) leftover stem of wheat after pounding.


panagbenga

[pʌ.nʌɡ̚.bɨŋˈŋa]


Panagbenga

[pʌ.nʌɡ̚ˈbɨː.ŋʌ]

[pʌ.nʌɡ̚.bɨŋˈŋa]

From panagbenga. The name was suggested by Ike Picpican and was first used on the second event in 1997, then-called Baguio Flower Festival.

a month-long annual festival in Baguio held every February.


tapey

tápëy (canonical)
tatapey (plural)
tapuy (alternative)
tapuey (alternative)


Kabunian

Kabunián (canonical)
Kabunyan (alternative)
Kabuniyan (alternative)
Kabonyan (alternative)

Disputed. It is not ka- -an + buni since there is no "buni" word.

Si et (kanó) kanán san kabunián: "ta et labnék na, / ta kaísek san dagá."

1972, Morice Vanoverbergh, “Kankanay Religion (Northern Luzon, Philippines)”, in Anthropos, volume 67, number 1/2 (in Kankanaey), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, page 76:

Then (they say) God said: "I shall flood this, and clean the earth".

(folklore) The Supreme Being in Igorot indigenous religion.

Daydayawendaka, Dios Kabunian ed daya
Idaydayawdaka, manyaman kamin Sik-a...

2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Nagasat ay Agew”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio, page 39:

We honor you, Lord God in heaven
We are honoring you, we offer our thanks to You...


apey

Sína et (kanó) kanán: "intó san naŋáam sinán apéy ay nay et?" "Dinteŋko san apéy siná."

Then (they say) he says: "Where did you get this fire?" "I found the fire here."


bebeey

[bɨˈbɨː.ʔɨi̯]


Bilbilang

From bilbilang; calque of English Numbers.


laylaydek sik-a

From layad (“love”) + -ek (“I, me”) + sik-a (“you”), wherein layad has CVC reduplication, and also has been contracted to laylayd.


pewek

[ˈpɨː.wɨk̠̚]

Idi pomigpigsa din pewek, kanan da en Jonas, “Sinoy amagen mi en sik-a ta somaldeng din pewek?”

2000, Wycliffe Bible Translators, Kalin Diyos, Jonah 1:11:

When the typhoon was becoming stronger, they said to Jonah, “What are we going to do with you so that the typhoon will stop?”


sik-a

Second-person singular independent pronoun; you


peg-as

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ah

a ritual after a burial to signify the beginning of a new life among the family of the deceased.


Lumawig

... sa et (kanó) kanán Lumáwig: "adú nan kóŋom, / ay énka ta sumáaka, / ta énka men-á si makán ya etág, / ta énka paŋanén daidá."

1972, Morice Vanoverbergh, “Kankanay Religion (Northern Luzon, Philippines)”, in Anthropos, volume 67, number 1/2 (in Kankanaey), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, page 81:

... then Lumawig says (they say): "Enough weeping, / let's go home, / and fetch rice and pork, / so that you shall feed them."


dap-ay

a meeting place wherein meetings of the council of elders of a community are taken place

the people or families that are part of a community


luek

[ˈluː.ʔɨk̠̚]

[ˈruː.ʔɨk̠̚]


ingam

Ay ingam! Nagpigsa ed udan!

(vulgar, slang) Used to express surprise, disbelief, or dissapointment


Gayang

From gayang (“spear”).
Folklore says that spears were used by the enemy to attack the villagers until they found a sanctuary beside the river. The villagers then named it "Gayang" to commemorate the event.


Pinget

[ˈpi̞ː.ŋɨt̚]

A barangay of Baguio, Benguet, Philippines


man-inom

man-inóm (canonical)
man-inum (alternative)


gaddimet

(vulgar, colloquial) An expression of anger, surprise, intense excitement or frustration.


Bun-ayan

From bun-ay (“a kind of jar”) + -an, wherein it can be found there.
Folklore says that these are the jars of Lumawig when he went there.

A barangay of Sabangan, Mountain Province, Philippines


ngalis

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -alih

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: a fictitious body part.


ngalis di aso

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -aho

From ngalis (unknown meaning) + di (“of”) + aso (“dog”).

ŋális di áso, sabsáben di gálut

1972, Morice Vanoverbergh, “Kankanay Religion (Northern Luzon, Philippines)”, in Anthropos, volume 67, number 1/2 (in Kankanaey), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, page 91:

a saying/prayer/formula that is said when a rainbow appears to avoid its baneful influence


[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

[k̠ʌŋ.k̠ʌˈnaː.ʔɨi̯]

From Kankanaey, but "Kankan" is reduced to "Kan2", referring to "kan" being duplicated twice.


layew

(agriculture) part of a crop field that is always wet


payew

(agriculture) crop field; rice paddy; rice terrace


Paduka

(Bauko, folklore) the ancestor of the people in Bauko


Alibay

(folklore) a spirit that harms women in childbed


Kabigat

(folklore) a hero of the Kankanaey people


Kabatangan

From kabatangan (“pine tree forest”), due to the prevalence of batang (“pine trees”) there.


Upper Bauko

Meronyms: Sinto, Mount Data, Monamon Sur, Monamon Norte, Sadsadan, Mabaay, Tapapan

A group of barangays in Bauko, Mountain Province, Philippines


tongtong

(playground games) a line traced on the ground where children start their play


markan di pigsa

From marka (“mark”) + -n + di (“of”) + pigsa (“loud, strength”). Calque of Tagalog tandang padamdam.

(typography) exclamation point; exclamation mark


markan di saludsod

From marka (“mark”) + -n + di (“of”) + saludsod (“question”). Calque of Tagalog tandang pananong.


dayyakus

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -akuh

a kind of daing that is only for the celebration of successful headhunters.


ayugga

[ʔʌ.jʊɡ̚ˈɡa]

a kind of daing wherein the tempo is much quicker


pusase

a spinning top whose center is broader/fatter than the rest


pauting

a spinning top whose center is thinner/narrower than the rest


kepapen

to stop a spinning top from spinning by grabbing it


ngipap

a dot or mark on the ground left by a spinning spinning top


Bugan

a spirit; the female companion of Lumawig

a lower-ranking hero; the female companion of Lawwigan


Pingad

[ˈpi̞ː.ŋʌd̚]

Clipping of napingúdan (“someone with a chopped ear”).
Folklore says that there was a stranger who asked a person with a chopped ear what the name of the place was. The person thought that the stranger was asking why their ear cut off and responded "napingudan". The stranger could not pronounce this word, hence it became "Pingad".

clipping

Sína et (kanó) ipaytók ed ed Diklígan, / sína et (kanó) isakiát ed Kalawittán, / si pay (kanó) dawáten Déen et mensáponna s'sígup; / sina pay ipaytók ed Piŋad

1972, Morice Vanoverbergh, “Kankanay Religion (Northern Luzon, Philippines)”, in Anthropos, volume 67, number 1/2 (in Kankanaey), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, page 77:

Then (they say) he hands it down at Diklígan, / then (they say) he ascends with it on the Kalawittán, / then (they say) Déen receives it and he offers the sabúsab; / then he hands it down at Pingad


begnas

a week-long community thanksgiving/offering ritual


pus-ik

an annual two-day public sacrifice/ritual


pis-it

a ceremony on the night before a pus-ik wherein a chicken is sacrificed and a prayer is recited on an aklat


manpis-it

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ihʔit


pakde

a public sacrifice held several times a year


Ag-aganney

[ʔʌɡ̚.ʔʌ.ɡʌnˈnɨi̯]

[ʔʌɡ̚.ʔʌ.ɡʌnˈnɨi̯]

Kanán (kanó) san ipugáw: / áyka ta alám san inabém ay nay, / ta adíka tiwtiwaddanán san sikík ay nay, / ta makaakáan, / tusá, nabutabútaka, / énka ta kumáanka, / ta uméyka 'd baéyyo ay Ag-agannéy.

1972, Morice Vanoverbergh, “Kankanay Religion (Northern Luzon, Philippines)”, in Anthropos, volume 67, number 1/2 (in Kankanaey), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, page 86:

The man says (they say): / come and take this cloth you wove, / and do not make these legs of mine sore unawares, / so that they keep safe, / be off, you cannot see for the dirt in your eyes, / go away, / and go to your house, Ag-agannéy.

(folklore) A mischievious weaver spirit. It sits on roadsides while weaving and hit the legs of passers-by with a balliga, thereby attributing it as the cause of tumors and other leg illnesses of travelers.


sagawsaw

[sʌ.ɡaʊ̯ˈsaʊ̯]

[hʌ.ɡaʊ̯ˈhaʊ̯]


bagawas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -awah

a prayer for farmers to call out groups of spirits to come and bless their crops


kaap-apoan

[k̠ʌ.ʔʌp̚.ʔʌp̚ˈwʌn]

[k̠ʌ.ʔʌp̚.ʔʌ.poˈʔʌn]


ngawingew

[ŋʌˈwi̞ː.ŋɨʊ̯]


panangiam-ammo

From panang- + i- + ammo (“know”) with reduplication.


adik ammo

[ʔʌˌdi̞k̚ ʔʌmˈmo]

From adi (“no”) + -k (“I, me”) + ammo (“know”)


gawan di beksa

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -əkha


kaman-atep

From kaman + atep, literally "roof-like".


kaman-ruwangan

From kaman + ruwangan, literally "door-like".


kaman-nangu

From kaman + nangu, literally "dried-like".


kaman-naum

From kaman + naum, literally "ripe-like", referring to fruits that turn yellow when ripe.


tiyagew

tiyagëw (canonical)
tiagew (alternative)

[ˈtjaː.ɡɨʊ̯]


Camdas

Named in the 1920s after Dampuyas Camdas, the original owner of the land.

A barangay of Baguio, Benguet, Philippines


man-anido

kne-verb

man-anído (complete nan-anido, progressive man-an-anido, contemplative man-an-anidonto, verbal noun panag-anido)

man-anído (canonical)
nan-anido (completive)
man-an-anido (progressive)
man-an-anidonto (contemplative)
panag-anido (noun-from-verb)
man- (affix)
anido (root)
actor
man-anido (infinitive)
man-anido (infinitive root)
nan-anido (perfective)
nan-anido (perfective root)
nan-an-anido (past progressive)
man-an-anido (non-past progressive)
nan-anidonto (contemplative past)
man-anidonto (contemplative non-past)
nan-anidon (past)
man-anidon (non-past)
kaan-anido
kaan-anidon
nan-aanido (durative past)
man-aanido (durative non-past)
nanpanga-anido (past)
manpanga-anido (non-past)
nan-ani-anido (past)
man-ani-anido (non-past)

to gather around a fireplace to warm up during cold weather


en da

oblique argument, specifically a plural proper nominal marker


langilang

[lʌˈŋiː.lʌŋ]

[rʌˈŋiː.rʌŋ]

said on a failed attempt of spinning a spinning top and the person wants to retry it.


man-a

Awni ka ina ta man a ak si danum.

2019 July 18, “Stories (kankanaey)”, in Seguidor:

Man-á ka si sin-as-áwa ay animál

2021, Allen, Larry, “man-a”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary, Summer Institute of Linguistics:


taraki

San barbaro ay gayyemmo
Magay tarakina
Adimmet ta asawaen ta anakandaka
Idi duwata paylang kakaasiak tan manloloko ka
Din barbaro ay gayyemmo
Magay tarakina

2021 August 26, Dwayne Jones (lyrics and music), “Magay Taraki Na”:

You have a new partner
Their coolness is nonexistent
You don't like to marry [that person] because [you will inherit their children]
When we were together I am in so much pity because you are a deciever
So when you have a new partner
Their coolness is nonexistent

cool, gorgeous, describing something positive and to be admired


aluban

(used only in tales) husband, wife, spouse


alongso

(used only in songs) husband, wife, spouse


abagan

[ʔʌˈbaː.ɡʌn]


Abagtey

[ʔʌ.bʌɡ̚ˈtɨi̯]

(used only in songs) A mythological location.


Nagupak

[nʌˈɡuː.pʌk̠̚]

A mythological location wherein a large number of evil spirits live


Batakagan

(folklore) a personified meteor; a teacher of two brothers; the intermediary between Lumawig and the two brothers


Agew

(folklore) a personified meteor, the most important one and treated with respect


Kinamalig

(astronomy) Ursa Major (a constellation)


Binabbais

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -aʔih

(astronomy) Orion's Belt (a constellation)


Aggiwanas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -anah


Tikem

(astronomy) Sagittarius (a constellation)


Kinallaub

(astronomy) Coma Berenices (a constellation)


takkin di talaw

From takki (“poop”) + -n + di (“of”) + talaw (“star”)


dusdusnug

a variety of foxtail millet (Setaria italica)


Tudong

The Tudoŋ is a special Kankanay constellation, oval in shape, and consisting of the stars of Andromeda (except the two largest ones), some stars of the Fishes, the apex of the Triangle and the head of Aries.

1972, Morice Vanoverbergh, “Kankanay Religion (Northern Luzon, Philippines)”, in Anthropos, volume 67, number 1/2 (in English), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, page 91:


Dopo

(astronomy) Name of a specific constellation


Liwliw

[li̞ʊ̯ˈli̞ʊ̯]

[ri̞ʊ̯ˈri̞ʊ̯]


songala

(headhunting) act of hanging a human head in a basket


isongala

(headhunting) to hang a human head in a basket


ap-apo

[ʔʌp̚.ʔʌˈpo]


balliga

a tablet used for tightening the thread when weaving


manbus

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -uh

abundant/plenty of water (applied to wells, rivers, etc.)


wadan to abe

wadan to abë́ (canonical)
wadan to (alternative)

(idiomatic) A phrase of hope and assurance; come what may


gedwan di kali

From gedwa (“half, split”) + -n + di + kali (“word”).


1 Aari

[ˌwʌn ʔʌˈʔaː.ɾi̞]

[ˌwʌn ʔʌˈʔaː.ɾi̞]


2 Aari

[ˌtu ʔʌˈʔaː.ɾi̞]

[ˌtu ʔʌˈʔaː.ɾi̞]


1 Cronicas

(biblical) 1 Chronicles (book of the Bible)


2 Cronicas

(biblical) 2 Chronicles (book of the Bible)


Kantan Solomon

From kanta (“song”) + -n + English Solomon.

(biblical) Song of Solomon (book of the Bible)


Ladladingit

From ladladingit, calque of English lamentations.

(biblical) Lamentations (book of the Bible)


ladingit

ladíngit (canonical)
ladladingit (plural)


Abanedgan

[ʔʌ.bʌ.nɨd̚ˈɡʌn]

(used only in tales) A mythological location.


yutik-en

(used only in songs) The meaning of this term is uncertain.


Dacudac

Folklore says that there are two stories as to the origin of the name:
# There was once a man with his daughter from Leseb who went to Ampontoc to find a job. The people there wanted the gold tooth and ring of the girl, but the girl refused, so she was killed. The father went back to Leseb to tell the news, to which the Leseb people waged war to the Ampontoc people. The following day, the Leseb people went and killed the warriors and people of Ampontoc.
# There was once a man with his son from Leseb who went to Pilipil to find a job. The people there wanted the gold teeth of the man, and so they beheaded the man, collected his blood, and forced the son to drink it. The son ran back to Leseb to tell the news, to which the Leseb people waged war to the Pilipil people. The following day, the Leseb people went and killed their opponents.
For both of the stories, on their way home, while carrying their opponents' heads, they stumbled a cave wherein they rested. They performed a dacudacan ritual to celebrate their victory, which includes playing of gongs, stomping of feet, and shouting dacdacudac (“victory”). From then on, the people there adopted the name "Dacudac".

A barangay of Tadian, Mountain Province, Philippines


gimong

(Catholicism) A chapel or church that is under the jurisdiction of a parish, typically in rural areas.


man-aaw

[mʌnˈʔaː.ʔaʊ̯]

[mʌnˈʔaː.ʔaʊ̯]

[mɨnˈʔaː.ʔaʊ̯]


Ak-akawwa

[ʔʌk̠̚.ʔʌ.k̠aʊ̯ˈwa]


agumbekan

[ʔʌ.ɡʊm.bɨˈk̠ʌn]

(used only in tales) smooth, sleek, glossy


palpal-iking

palpal-íking (canonical)
palpal-ikíng (canonical)
pagpag-iking (alternative)
ik-ikking (alternative)


pappaunnos

pappa-unnos (alternative)
papa-unus (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)
pappaonos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -unnoh


pappaonos

pappaónos (canonical)
pappa-unnos (alternative)
papa-unus (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)
pappaunnos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -onoh


pappa-unnos

pappaunnos (alternative)
papa-unus (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)
pappaonos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)


papa-unus

pappa-unnos (alternative)
pappaunnos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)
pappaonos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)


tedtedekan

tëdtëdë́kan (canonical)
tedtedekkan (alternative)


tedtedekkan

tëdtëdë́kkan (canonical)
tedtedekan (alternative)


gawgawaan

gawgawaán (canonical)
gawgawa-an (alternative)
gawaan (alternative)

[ɡaʊ̯.ɡʌ.wʌˈʔʌn]


gawgawa-an

gawgawa-án (canonical)
gawgawaan (alternative)
gawaan (alternative)

[ɡaʊ̯.ɡʌ.wʌˈʔʌn]


gawaan

gawaán (canonical)
gawgawa-an (alternative)
gawgawaan (alternative)


manbinayangadan

to offer a sacrifice that lasts several days


taean

[tʌˈʔɨː.ʔʌn]


mapappapiyaaw

mapappapiyáaw (canonical)
mapappapiaaw (alternative)

to throw a spinning top but the cord is too short


tet-ewa

[tɨt̚ˈʔɨː.wʌ]


aba idus

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -iduh


Camatagan

Folklore says that Kamat and Tagan are two lovers that resided there. Their names were combined to name the area that they established.

A barangay of Sabangan, Mountain Province, Philippines


Supang

From supang (“a straight path in between two mountains”).
Folklore says that during the Spanish period, a man named Anastacio Soliven named the area "Supang".


Bao-angan

[baʊ̯ˈʔaː.ŋʌn]

From bawang (“garlic”) + -an, wherein it is usually grown there. Over the years, the pronunciation became "Bao-angan".


Capinitan

From pinit (“wild berries”) + ka- -an, wherein it grows abundant in the area.


ima adi

used to reinforce a sentence; why!, then


atik-atik

[ʔʌˌti̞k̚.ʔʌˈti̞k̚]


at-iat-ik

[ʔʌt̚ˌʔiː.jʌt̚ˈʔi̞k̚]


at-atik

[ʔʌt̚.ʔʌˈti̞k̚]


taw-en

From Proto-Austronesian *CawiN (“year”) (a term mostly reflected in Formosan languages).


ab-aba

[ʔʌb̚.ʔʌˈba]


gel-ang

The equal half-half share of domesticated animals between the owner and the raiser.