o

Borrowed from Tagalog o. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English o.

The name of the Latin-script letter o/O.


i

Borrowed from English ee, the English name of the letter E/e.

The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.


bus

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -uh

the abundance/plentifulness of water (in wells, rivers, etc.)


baba

Eugenia mananquil Blanco (a myrtaceous tree with an edible fruit)


baba

Laggera alata (a common composite herb with pinkish flowers)


puso

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -uho


anak

From Proto-Philippine *anak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *anak, from Proto-Austronesian *aNak.

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


aba

act of carrying on the back, usually a child


logan

Pig-an logan ko ya din kalgak?

How much is the ride for myself and my cargo?


aso

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -aho

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ahu

From Proto-Philippine *asu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *asu, from Proto-Austronesian *asu.


titi

rainwater leaking from the roof or eaves


mata

From Proto-Philippine *mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


amano

From Spanish jugar mano a mano (“to play even”).


ili

(Baguio) homeland, referring to Mountain Province


pako

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paku, from Proto-Austronesian *pahəku (“bracken; edible fern that grows by rivers”).

inh

a small fern-like plant found along riverbanks


ey

Borrowed from Tagalog ey, from English ay, the English name of the letter A/a.

The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.


labi

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀabiqi, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀabiqi.


haba

tlb

(Sabangan, particularly Bun-ayan, Pingad, Bao-angan, Camatagan, Napua, Gayang, Capinitan, Busa, Namatec)


diket

rice cake, typically wrapped in banana leaves


apo

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ampu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”), from Proto-Austronesian *apu (“grandparent/grandchild (reciprocal)”).

inh

A respectful term of address to a person of higher rank or position; sir, madam


itlog

[ʔi̞t̚ˈloɡ̚]

[ʔi̞t̚ˈroɡ̚]

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qitəluʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *qiCəluʀ.


langit

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *laŋit, from Proto-Austronesian *laŋiC.


otak

[ˈʔoː.tʌk̠̚]


bato

From Proto-Philippine *batu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.


manok

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *manuk, from Proto-Austronesian *manuk.


danom

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *danum, from Proto-Austronesian *daNum.

Ipeg-as ko pay nan danom. : I'll bless you with water.

Benguet Kankana-ey blessing, quoted in the Saint Louis University Research Journal, volumes 31-32, page 61

Mawada di mangalsig sin danom ta maitken din danom sin liboo ed kayang sin danom ay wada sin daga.

Din nanlogian di am-in, Kankanaey translation of the Biblical book of Genesis, 1.6

"Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters."


ina

From Proto-Philippine *ina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ina, from Proto-Austronesian *ina.


lumut

From Proto-Philippine *lumut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lumut.


anes

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -anəh

a type of bamboo used for making baskets


utek

[ˈʔuː.tɨk̠̚]

[ˈʔoː.tɨk̠̚]


anido

act of gathering around a fireplace to warm up during cold weather


bado

Borrowed from Malay baju (cf. Tagalog baro), ultimately from Classical Persian بازو (bāzū, “upper arm”).


sukat

the exchange of gifts between the spouses before a wedding


daga

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀat (“littoral sea”).


gatas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -atah


depa

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dəpah, from Proto-Austronesian *dəpah.

a unit of measurement from the tip of the middle finger of the left hand to the tip of the middle finger of the right hand.


agas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -aɡah


panga

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paŋa.


olas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -olah

Borrowed from Spanish horas, plural of hora (“hour; time”).


ligat

difficulty; hardship (as of a task or action)

Ta badangam dakami
Mansulbar si ligatmi

2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Dios Ama Ay Say Apo”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio:

So that you will help us
That will solve our sufferings


adi

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hədiq. Compare Tagalog hindi.


soka

Mabalin abe ay ammosan din awaknas alcohol ono soka.

1976, Jovita Atayoc, Rafael Guerzon, Julio Tatpiec, Pasigeden di Biyag [For a Better Way of Life] (overall work in Kankanaey, Tagalog, and English), Summer Institude of Linguistics - Philippines, Inc.:

It is also possible to apply alcohol or vinegar on their body.


botos

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -otoh

Borrowed from Ilocano botos, which is from Spanish votos.


supun

gifts that a married couple receives on their wedding


kape

Mankape tako imun-una saka ta agtrabaho.

Let's have some snacks first before we work.


bilang

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *bilaŋ (“to count, calculate; hold valuable”).


aklat

[ʔʌk̠̚ˈlʌt̚]

[ʔʌk̠̚ˈrʌt̚]


eges

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -əh


pekpek

[pɨk̠̚ˈpɨk̠̚]


calis

Borrowed from Ilocano calis or Spanish cáliz.

Nu kanenmi nan tinapay

2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Acclamacion [Acclamation]”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio, page 178

When we eat this bread
And drink this chalice


atep

From Proto-Philippine *qatəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qatəp.

roof (the cover at the top of a building)


babai

babái (canonical)
babbai (plural)
babae (alternative)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *ba-bahi, from Proto-Austronesian *bahi (“woman, female”).

inh

lalaki ya babai : man and woman


Igorot

Borrowed from Tagalog Igorot or Ilocano Igorot.

Igorot; Cordilleran (indigenous inhabitant of the Luzon Cordillera mountain ranges in the Philippines)


udan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *qudán (“rain”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *quzan (“rain”), from Proto-Austronesian *quzaN (“rain”).


wao

eight days of strong rain, usually in August


pilak

Borrowed from Malay pirak, obsolete form of perak, from Proto-Malayic *pirak, possibly of Khmeric origin.


lamok

From Proto-Philippine *lamuk, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ñamuk, *lamuk.


uling

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qujiŋ, from Proto-Austronesian *qujiŋ.


paypay

a ritual right before a burial to have space from the spirits that reside on the burial site

a ritual to return a wandering soul from abroad into the body of a sick person

a practice that farmer parents do to speak to their infant's soul to not get left behind on the field

a practice that insulted girls do wherein a prayer/curse is put on a stone or chicken


dagom

From Proto-Philippine *daʀum, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zaʀum, from Proto-Austronesian *zaʀum.


wagwag

act of removing a fish from an ugat trap

(by extension, colloquial) clothes bought at a wagwagan


ulas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ulah


daing

a kind of song and dance performed on a solemn feast or sacrifice


tatang

From Philippine Spanish tata (“daddy”) + -ng (“diminutive suffix”).


tawen

From Proto-Austronesian *CawiN (“year”) (a term mostly reflected in Formosan languages).


agsapa

[ʔʌɡ̚ˈsaː.pʌ]

[ʔʌɡ̚ˈhaː.pʌ]


nanang

From Philippine Spanish nana (“mommy”) + -ng (“diminutive suffix”).


lamot

From Proto-Philippine *ʀamut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀamut (“fibrous roots”).


patang

act of placing something on top of another


nuwang

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qanuaŋ, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *qaNuaŋ.


gege

San layadmo, adim tapian si gëgë
San layad sin pusom, adim dadaëlën

2014 September 25, “Tet-ewa Ay Layad”, performed by Jeffrey Ettie:


padanga

(Buguias, Kibungan, Bakun, Mankayan, Kapangan) shoulder


alabong

alabóng (canonical)
allabong (alternative)


ok-ok

[ˈʔok̠̚.ʔok̠̚]

Isosoyop ono ibabaktad. Bomadang din soyop ya illeng ay mangaan sin ok-ok ono panateng. Adi bomalbala.

[Let the person] sleep or lie down. Sleeping and lying down helps in the relief of cough and colds. Do not go out.


pinikpikan

From pikpik (“beat”) + -in- + -an, referring to the way the live chicken is prepared by being beaten to death.

An Igorot chicken dish with singed feathers


songsong

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -oŋhoŋ


bisil

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ihil


gabgab

[ˈɡʌb̚.ɡʌb̚]


ngadan

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *ŋájan, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋajan, from Proto-Austronesian *ŋajan.

Amami ay wadad daya

2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Amami”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio


otek

ótëk (canonical)
utek (alternative)
otok (alternative)
otak (alternative)
etek (alternative)

[ˈʔuː.tɨk̠̚]

[ˈʔoː.tɨk̠̚]


andap

→ Tagalog: andap


luplupak

Lilium philippinense
Wikispecies:Lilium philippinense


aaw

a ceremony at the beginning of a harvest, wherein a bundle of palay is hung and a chicken is killed


tokod

a vertical post to support an elevated house

Idi siya di, kanan Samson sin anak ay mangitaktakkay en sisya, “Ipakapay mon sak-en din tokod ay nananggen isnan beey tan laydek ay mansadag.”

2000, Wycliffe Bible Translators, Kalin Diyos, Judges 16:26:

a pillar for supporting a larger structure


dobolyu

Borrowed from Tagalog dobolyu, from English double-u, the English name of the letter W/w.

The name of the Latin-script letter W/w.


uyek

[ˈʔuː.jɨk̠̚]


tiagew

[ˈtjaː.ɡɨʊ̯]


Barlig

[ˈbʌɾ.li̞ɡ̚]

[ˈbʌɾ.ri̞ɡ̚]

Mountain Province
Mountain Province#English

A municipality of Mountain Province, Philippines.


lomeng

(Sabangan, particularly Busa) leftover stem of wheat after pounding.


panagbenga

[pʌ.nʌɡ̚.bɨŋˈŋa]


tapey

tápëy (canonical)
tatapey (plural)
tapuy (alternative)
tapuey (alternative)


apey

Sína et (kanó) kanán: "intó san naŋáam sinán apéy ay nay et?" "Dinteŋko san apéy siná."

1972, Morice Vanoverbergh, “Kankanay Religion (Northern Luzon, Philippines)”, in Anthropos, volume 67, number 1/2 (in Kankanaey), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, page 76:

Then (they say) he says: "Where did you get this fire?" "I found the fire here."


bebeey

[bɨˈbɨː.ʔɨi̯]


pewek

[ˈpɨː.wɨk̠̚]

Idi pomigpigsa din pewek, kanan da en Jonas, “Sinoy amagen mi en sik-a ta somaldeng din pewek?”

2000, Wycliffe Bible Translators, Kalin Diyos, Jonah 1:11:

When the typhoon was becoming stronger, they said to Jonah, “What are we going to do with you so that the typhoon will stop?”


peg-as

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -ah

a ritual after a burial to signify the beginning of a new life among the family of the deceased.


dap-ay

a meeting place wherein meetings of the council of elders of a community are taken place

the people or families that are part of a community


luek

[ˈluː.ʔɨk̠̚]

[ˈruː.ʔɨk̠̚]


ngalis

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -alih

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: a fictitious body part.


ngalis di aso

From ngalis (unknown meaning) + di (“of”) + aso (“dog”).

compound

ŋális di áso, sabsáben di gálut

1972, Morice Vanoverbergh, “Kankanay Religion (Northern Luzon, Philippines)”, in Anthropos, volume 67, number 1/2 (in Kankanaey), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, page 91:

a saying/prayer/formula that is said when a rainbow appears to avoid its baneful influence


layew

(agriculture) part of a crop field that is always wet


payew

(agriculture) crop field; rice paddy; rice terrace


Upper Bauko

Meronyms: Sinto, Mount Data, Monamon Sur, Monamon Norte, Sadsadan, Mabaay, Tapapan

A group of barangays in Bauko, Mountain Province, Philippines


tongtong

(playground games) a line traced on the ground where children start their play


markan di pigsa

From marka (“mark”) + -n + di (“of”) + pigsa (“loud, strength”). Calque of Tagalog tandang padamdam.

(typography) exclamation point; exclamation mark


markan di saludsod

From marka (“mark”) + -n + di (“of”) + saludsod (“question”). Calque of Tagalog tandang pananong.


dayyakus

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -akuh

a kind of daing that is only for the celebration of successful headhunters.


ayugga

[ʔʌ.jʊɡ̚ˈɡa]

a kind of daing wherein the tempo is much quicker


pusase

a spinning top whose center is broader/fatter than the rest


pauting

a spinning top whose center is thinner/narrower than the rest


ngipap

a dot or mark on the ground left by a spinning spinning top


begnas

a week-long community thanksgiving/offering ritual


pus-ik

an annual two-day public sacrifice/ritual


pis-it

a ceremony on the night before a pus-ik wherein a chicken is sacrificed and a prayer is recited on an aklat


pakde

a public sacrifice held several times a year


Ag-aganney

[ʔʌɡ̚.ʔʌ.ɡʌnˈnɨi̯]

[ʔʌɡ̚.ʔʌ.ɡʌnˈnɨi̯]

Kanán (kanó) san ipugáw: / áyka ta alám san inabém ay nay, / ta adíka tiwtiwaddanán san sikík ay nay, / ta makaakáan, / tusá, nabutabútaka, / énka ta kumáanka, / ta uméyka 'd baéyyo ay Ag-agannéy.

1972, Morice Vanoverbergh, “Kankanay Religion (Northern Luzon, Philippines)”, in Anthropos, volume 67, number 1/2 (in Kankanaey), Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, page 86:

The man says (they say): / come and take this cloth you wove, / and do not make these legs of mine sore unawares, / so that they keep safe, / be off, you cannot see for the dirt in your eyes, / go away, / and go to your house, Ag-agannéy.

(folklore) A mischievious weaver spirit. It sits on roadsides while weaving and hit the legs of passers-by with a balliga, thereby attributing it as the cause of tumors and other leg illnesses of travelers.


sagawsaw

[sʌ.ɡaʊ̯ˈsaʊ̯]

[hʌ.ɡaʊ̯ˈhaʊ̯]


bagawas

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -awah

a prayer for farmers to call out groups of spirits to come and bless their crops


kaap-apoan

[k̠ʌ.ʔʌp̚.ʔʌp̚ˈwʌn]

[k̠ʌ.ʔʌp̚.ʔʌ.poˈʔʌn]


ngawingew

[ŋʌˈwi̞ː.ŋɨʊ̯]


panangiam-ammo

From panang- + i- + ammo (“know”) with reduplication.


gawan di beksa

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -əkha


kaman-atep

From kaman + atep, literally "roof-like".


kaman-ruwangan

From kaman + ruwangan, literally "door-like".


kaman-nangu

From kaman + nangu, literally "dried-like".


kaman-naum

From kaman + naum, literally "ripe-like", referring to fruits that turn yellow when ripe.


tiyagew

tiyagëw (canonical)
tiagew (alternative)

[ˈtjaː.ɡɨʊ̯]


aluban

(used only in tales) husband, wife, spouse


alongso

(used only in songs) husband, wife, spouse


abagan

[ʔʌˈbaː.ɡʌn]


takkin di talaw

From takki (“poop”) + -n + di (“of”) + talaw (“star”)


dusdusnug

a variety of foxtail millet (Setaria italica)


songala

(headhunting) act of hanging a human head in a basket


ap-apo

[ʔʌp̚.ʔʌˈpo]


balliga

a tablet used for tightening the thread when weaving


gedwan di kali

From gedwa (“half, split”) + -n + di + kali (“word”).


ladingit

ladíngit (canonical)
ladladingit (plural)


yutik-en

(used only in songs) The meaning of this term is uncertain.


gimong

(Catholicism) A chapel or church that is under the jurisdiction of a parish, typically in rural areas.


palpal-iking

palpal-íking (canonical)
palpal-ikíng (canonical)
pagpag-iking (alternative)
ik-ikking (alternative)


pappaunnos

pappa-unnos (alternative)
papa-unus (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)
pappaonos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -unnoh


pappaonos

pappaónos (canonical)
pappa-unnos (alternative)
papa-unus (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)
pappaunnos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -onoh


pappa-unnos

pappaunnos (alternative)
papa-unus (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)
pappaonos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)


papa-unus

pappa-unnos (alternative)
pappaunnos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)
pappaonos (alternative)
papaunus (alternative)


tedtedekan

tëdtëdë́kan (canonical)
tedtedekkan (alternative)


tedtedekkan

tëdtëdë́kkan (canonical)
tedtedekan (alternative)


gawgawaan

gawgawaán (canonical)
gawgawa-an (alternative)
gawaan (alternative)

[ɡaʊ̯.ɡʌ.wʌˈʔʌn]


gawgawa-an

gawgawa-án (canonical)
gawgawaan (alternative)
gawaan (alternative)

[ɡaʊ̯.ɡʌ.wʌˈʔʌn]


gawaan

gawaán (canonical)
gawgawa-an (alternative)
gawgawaan (alternative)


taean

[tʌˈʔɨː.ʔʌn]


aba idus

(parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) -iduh


taw-en

From Proto-Austronesian *CawiN (“year”) (a term mostly reflected in Formosan languages).


ab-aba

[ʔʌb̚.ʔʌˈba]


gel-ang

The equal half-half share of domesticated animals between the owner and the raiser.