он

xal-noun

он • (on) (Clear script spelling ᡆᠨ (on))


ном

ном • (nom) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡆᡏ (nom))

номин цол


бал

бал • (bal) (Clear script spelling ᡋᠠᠯ (bal))


сам

From Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Mongolian сам (sam), Buryat һам (ham), Dongxiang san.


ад

Clear Script
Kalmyk Oirat#Alphabet matching table


җил

From Written Oirat ᠴᡅᠯ (jil), from Proto-Mongolic *ǯil, from Proto-Turkic *yïl. Cognate with Mongolian жил (žil), Buryat жэл (žel).


дала

дала • (dala) (Clear script spelling ᡑᠠᠯᠠᡅ (dalai), plural далас)

From Proto-Mongolic *dalai, compare Mongolian далай (dalaj).


зун

зун • (zun) (Clear script spelling ᠴᡇᠨ (zun))

From Written Oirat ᠴᡇᠨ (zun), from Proto-Mongolic *ǰun. Cognate with Mongolian зун (zun), Buryat зун (zun).


хальмг

хальмг • (xalʹmg) (Clear script spelling ᡍᠠᠯᡅᡏᠠᡎ (xalimag), plural хальмгуд)

From Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠯᡅᡏᠠᡎ (xalimag), an exonym ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kiāl-mak (“to stay behind”, literally “those who stayed behind”). Compare also Buryat хальмаг (xalʹmag), Mongolian халимаг (xalimag); Khakas халмах (xalmax), Siberian Tatar ҡалмаҡ (qalmaq), Kazakh қалмақ (qalmaq), Bashkir ҡалмаҡ (qalmaq), Turkish kalmak etc.

der

хальмг келн

Хальмг Таңһч ― Xalʹmg Tañğç ― Kalmykia


сар

xal-noun

сар • (sar) (Clear script spelling ᠰᠠᠷᠠ (sara))

From Proto-Mongolic *sara, compare Mongolian сар (sar), Buryat һара (hara). More distantly related to Khitan 賽咿児 (sair).

Coordinate term: нарн (narn, “sun”)


улс

From Written Oirat ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (ulus), from Common Turkic *uluš (“country; city”). Compare also Buryat улас (ulas), Mongolian улс (uls); Tuvan улус (ulus), Southern Altai улус (ulus), Shor улус (ulus), Khakas улус (ulus); etc.
The sense "country" is obsolete in spoken speech, although revived (probably by borrowing from Mongolian улс (uls)) by language revivalists.

people
people (of one nation or ethnic group)

population (people living within one geographical boundary)

талвңд хурсн улс

folk (a particular group of people); those who


чон

чон • (çon) (Clear script spelling ᡔᡅᠨᡆ (cino))

From Proto-Mongolic *cinua, compare Mongolian чоно (čono), Buryat шоно (šono).


тег

тег • (teg) (Clear script spelling ᡐᡄᡃᡎ (tēg))


аю

аю • (ayu) (Clear script spelling ᠠᡕᡆᡇ (ayou), plural аюс)

From a Turkic language, perhaps Tatar аю (ayu) or Kazakh аю (aü).


хур

From Written Oirat ᡍᡇᠷᠠ (xura), from Proto-Mongolic *qura. Cognate with Buryat хура (xura), Mongolian хур (xur), etc.


зүрҗ

зүрҗ • (zürj)

Learned borrowing from Mongolian жүрж (žürž).


сө

From Proto-Mongolic *söni, compare Mongolian шөнө (šönö), Buryat һүни (hüni).


күн

xal-noun

күн • (kün) (plural күмс or улс or әмтн)

kün (romanization)
күмс (plural)
улс (plural)
әмтн (plural)

From күмн (kümn) with an irregular /m/ loss, itself from Proto-Mongolic *kümün. Cognate with Mongolian хүн (xün).


шикр

шикр • (şikr) (Clear script spelling ᠱᡅᡍᡅᠷ (šikir) or ᠱᡅᡍᡄᠷ (šiker))

→ Kalmyk: шикр-балта (şikr-balta)

→ Southern Altai: шикир (šikir)

From Proto-Mongolic *šiker, compare Mongolian чихэр (čixer), Buryat шэхэр (šexer).


үүл

үүл • (üül) (Clear script spelling ᡉᡅᠯᡄ (üile) or ᡉᡕᡅᠯᡄ (üyile))

From Proto-Mongolic *üile, compare Mongolian үйл (üjl), Buryat үйлэ (üjle).


нур

нур • (nur) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡇᡇᠷ (nuur))


ө

From Proto-Mongolic *hoï (“forest”), cognate with Mongolian ой (oj).


багш

багш • (bagş) (Clear script spelling ᡋᠠᡎᠱᡅ (baɣši), plural багшнр)

Ultimately from 博士 (MC pak dzriX, “scholar”). Cognate with Mongolian багш (bagš) and Buryat багша (bagša).


толь

толь • (tolʹ)

Inherited from Written Oirat ᡐᡆᠯᡅ (toli), from Proto-Mongolic *toli. Cognate with Buryat толи (toli), Mongolian толь (tolʹ), etc.
Sense ‘dictionary’ was a semantic loan from Literary Chinese 鑑 (jiàn, “mirror; dictionary”) via Classical Mongolian ᠲᠣᠯᠢ (toli, “mirror; dictionary”).


сүл

xal-noun

сүл • (sül) (Clear script spelling ᠰᡉᡉᠯ (süül))

From Proto-Mongolic *sexül; compare Mongolian сүүл (süül), Buryat һүүл (hüül).


салькн

салькн • (salʹkn)

From Written Oirat ᠰᠠᠯᡍᡅᠨ (salkin), from Proto-Mongolic *salqɨ-n. Cognate with Buryat һалхин (halxin), Mongolian салхин (salxin, oblique).


ут

ут • (ut) (Clear script spelling ᡇᡐᡇ (utu))

From Proto-Mongolic *urtu. Cognate with Mongolian урт (urt) and Buryat ута (uta)


яман

яман • (yaman) (Clear script spelling ᡕᠠᡏᠠᡃᠨ (yamān))

From Proto-Mongolic *ïmaxan cognate with Khitan 𘱑𘯺 (*êm a), related through borrowing or inheritance with Proto-Turkic *ïmga.
Compare Mongolian ямаа (jamaa), Old Turkic 𐰢𐰍𐰀 ((a)mɣa).


нүдн

нүдн • (nüdn) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡅᡑᡉᠨ (nidün))

From Proto-Mongolic *nidün, compare Mongolian нүд (nüd), Buryat нюдэн (njuden), Dongxiang nudun.


дер

From Proto-Mongolic *dere, compare Mongolian дэр (der), Buryat дэрэ (dere).


залуу

залу залу#Kalmyk


церг

From Proto-Mongolic *cerig, compare Mongolian цэрэг (cereg), Buryat сэрэг (sereg).


сал

From Proto-Mongolic *sal, compare Mongolian сал (sal), Buryat һала (hala).


аав

Cognate with Mongolian аав (aav, “father”).


селән

селән • (selän) (Clear script spelling ᠰᡄᠯᡄᡃᠨ (selēn))


келн

келн • (keln) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡄᠯᡄᠨ (kelen), plural келд)

From Written Oirat ᡍᡄᠯᡄᠨ (kelen), from Proto-Mongolic *kelen. Cognate with Buryat хэлэн (xelen), Mongolian хэлэн (xelen, oblique), etc.


махн

From Written Oirat ᡏᠠᡍᠠᠨ (maxan) or ᡏᡅᡍᠠᠨ (mixan), from Proto-Mongolic *miqa-n (“meat”). Cognate with and Buryat мяхан (mjaxan), Mongolian мах (max), etc.

мах цусни төрл


мөр

мөрн мөрн#Kalmyk


үр

үр • (ür) (Clear script spelling ᡉᡉᠷ (üür))


дел

дел • (del) (Clear script spelling ᡑᡄᠯ (del))


сур

From Proto-Mongolic *sur, compare Mongolian сур (sur).


цөл

head

цөл • (tsöl)


бичкндк цагнь

бичкндк цагнь

бичкндк цагнь • (biçkndk tsagnʹ)


улан

From Written Oirat ᡇᠯᠠᡃᠨ (ulān), Proto-Mongolic *hulaxan. Cognate with Buryat улаан (ulaan), Mongolian улаан (ulaan), etc.


гүрвлһ

гүрвлһ • (gürvlğ)

gürvlğ (romanization)
gürvlhçüd (romanization)

From Proto-Mongolic *gölbür, *görbel, compare Mongolian гүрвэл (gürvel), Buryat гүрбэл (gürbel).


одн

From Proto-Mongolic *odun, compare Mongolian од (od), Buryat одон (odon).

Теңгрт олн оддуд үзгднә.


көк

xal-noun

көк • (kök) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡈᡍᡈ (kökö))

From Written Oirat ᡍᡈᡍᡈ (kökö), from Proto-Mongolic *köke. Cognate with Mongolian хөх (xöx), Buryat хүхэ (xüxe), etc.


зөг

зөг • (zög) (Clear script spelling ᠴᡈᡎ (zög) or ᠴᡈᡎᡉᡅ (zögüi), plural зөгмүд)

From Proto-Mongolic *jöge, compare Mongolian зөгий (zögii), Buryat зүгы (zügy).


хавр

From Proto-Mongolic *kabur, compare Mongolian хавар (xavar), Buryat хабар (xabar).


намр

намр • (namr) (Clear script spelling ᠨᠠᡏᡇᠷ (namur))

From Proto-Mongolic *namur, compare Mongolian намар (namar).


үвл

үвл • (üvl) (Clear script spelling ᡉᡋᡉᠯ (übül))

From Written Oirat ᡉᡋᡉᠯ (übül), from Proto-Mongolic *ebül. Cognate with Mongolian өвөл (övöl), Buryat үбэл (übel).


төмрлг

head

төмрлг • (tömrlg)


тошл

тошл • (toşl)


цагдач

цагдач • (tsagdaç)


дүүрән

дүүрән • (düürän)


шатр

шатр • (şatr)


өдмг

өдмг • (ödmg)


шилүсн

шилүсн • (şilüsn)


бадм

xal-noun

бадм • (badm) (Clear script spelling ᡋᠠᡑᡏᠠ (badma), plural бадмс)

Ultimately derived from Sanskrit पद्म (padma).


анр

анр • (anr) (Clear script spelling ᠠᠨᠠᠷ (anar), plural анрмуд)

Ultimately from Persian انار (anâr), compare Mongolian анар (anar).


сорнц

Akin to Mongolian соронз (soronz) and Buryat суранзан (suranzan).


бө

бө • (bö) (Clear script spelling ᡋᡈᡃ (bȫ), plural бөөнр)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bögü (“wizard”).


гөрәсн

гөрәсн • (göräsn) (plural гөрәсд)

(obsolete) a wild animal (especially a grazing one)


терз

From a Turkic language, ultimately from Persian دریچه. Compare Kazakh терезе (tereze).


хәәч

хәәч • (xääç) (Clear script spelling ᡍᠠᡅᡔᡅ)

From Proto-Mongolic *kaïčï, compare Mongolian хайч (xajč), Buryat хайша (xajša).


сүлд

сүлд • (süld) (Clear script spelling ᠰᡉᠯᡑᡄ (sülde))


таңһч

таңһч • (tañğç) (Clear script spelling ᡐᠠᡊᡎᠠᡔᡅ (tangɣaci))


харада

From the adjective хар, compare Mongolian хараацай (xaraacaj), Buryat хараасгай (xaraasgaj).


җомба

From Tibetan རྩམ་པ (rtsam pa, “roasted barley porridge”).

der

type of Kalmyk butter tea, especially one that is potent or nicely brewed, jomba


көл

From Proto-Mongolic *köl, compare Mongolian хөл (xöl), Buryat хүл (xül).


залу

xal-noun

залу • (zalu) (Clear script spelling ᠴᠠᠯᡇᡇ (zaluu), plural залус)


зараа

зара зара#Kalmyk


гер

гер • (ger) (Clear script spelling ᡎᡄᠷ (ger), plural гермүд)

Compare Buryat гэр (ger); Mongolian ᠭᠡᠷ (ger), гэр (ger).


усн

усн • (usn) (Clear script spelling ᡇᠰᡇᠨ (usun))

From Written Oirat ᡇᠰᡇᠨ (usun), from Proto-Mongolic *usu-n. Cognate with Buryat уһан (uhan), Mongolian усан (usan, oblique form).

ус уух

ус теех

Ардаһарнь усн орҗ йовна гидг эн!

1989, Бембин Тимофей, Көк теңгсин көвәһәр, volume 2, Элст: Хальмг дегтр һарһач, page 59:

Барун өмн күрә тус бәәсн шатта худгин өөр хойр далһа суулһта усн мелмлзәд бәәнә.

1963, Эрнҗәнә Константин, Һалан хадһл, volume 1, Элст: Хальмг госиздат, page 136:

Near a framed well opposite to the western monastery, water inside two buckets is shining.

Barun ömn kürä tus bääsn şatta xudgin öör xoyr dalğa suulğta usn melmlzäd bäänä.

Уньд кесн модд ац уга һо болх йоста. Уньд һо болхла герин урһц өндр, шовһр бәәдл һарна. Тиим болхла деерәс орсн цасн, хурин усн һооҗхд чигн сән болна.

1980, Эрнҗәнә Константин, Цецн булг, Элст: Хальмг дегтр һарһач, page 41:

The poles must be flat and straight. This way, the yurt has a beautiful, slender appearance. Thanks to that, snow and water do not linger on it, rolling down.

Unʹd kesn modd ats uga ğo bolx yosta. Unʹd ğo bolxla gerin urğts öndr, şovğr bäädl ğarna. Tiim bolxla deeräs orsn tsasn, xurin usn ğoojxd çign sän bolna.

хальмг келнь усн


һал

һал • (ğal) (Clear script spelling ᡎᠠᠯ (ɣal), plural һалмуд)

From Proto-Mongolic *gal, compare Mongolian гал (gal), Buryat гал (gal).


эмч

эмч • (emç) (Clear script spelling ᡄᡏᡔᡅ (emci))

From эм (em) + -ч (-ç). Cognate with Mongolian эмч (emč).

Шартуһас культармейцнрла ирсн эмч орс күүкн, студентнрт гем бичә хәлдтхә гиһәд спирт бичҗ авхулад сурһуль төгсснә хөн һаринь уһалһдг болв.

1963, Эрнҗәнә Константин, Һалан хадһл, volume 1, Элст: Хальмг госиздат, page 155:

The Russian physician lady who came with Kultarmeytsi from Saratov prescribed to students some alcohol so that they don't catch a disease; after the school was over, she made them wash their hands.

Şartuğas kulʹtarmeytsnrla irsn emç ors küükn, studentnrt gem biçä xäldtxä giğäd spirt biçj avxulad surğulʹ tögssnä xön ğarinʹ uğalğdg bolv.

— Учр уга, үр матрос,— болҗ эмч бас хансар гекв.

1989, Бембин Тимофей, Көк теңгсин көвәһәр, volume 2, Элст: Хальмг дегтр һарһач, page 242:

"No problem, comrade sailor", the physician nodded in gratitude..

— Uçr uga, ür matros,— bolj emç bas xansar gekv.

Тиф гидг гем ирхлә, арh уга. Улм дәкәд үклдх, эмч хәләҗәхш.

2018, Хабунова Е.Э., editor, Хуучн үгд худл уга: кеерин хураңһу материал, Элиста: ЗАОр «НПП «Джангар», page 146:

When the disease called typhus came, there was no help. Even more died, they didn't see the doctor.

Tif gidg gem irxlä, arh uga. Ulm däkäd ükldx, emç xäläjäxş.


цекә

цекә • (tsekä)


хумсн

From Proto-Mongolic *kïmusun, compare Mongolian хумс (xums), Buryat хюмһан (xjumhan).


ширә

ширә • (şirä)

From Proto-Mongolic *sirexe, compare Mongolian ширээ (širee).

ширәлх

to put on the table, to sit at the table


суль

суль • (sulʹ)

From a Turkic language, perhaps Kazakh сұлы (sūly) or Nogai сулы (sulı).


торһа

торһа • (torğa)

From a Turkic language, perhaps Nogai боз торгай (boz torgay) or Kazakh бозторғай (boztorğai).


күзүн

күзүн • (küzün) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡉᠴᡉᡉᠨ (küzüün))

From Proto-Mongolic *küǰüxün, compare Mongolian хүзүү (xüzüü), Buryat хүзүүн (xüzüün), Dongxiang ghuzhun.


ооль

ооль • (oolʹ) (plural оольмуд or оольс)

oolʹ (romanization)
оольмуд (plural)
оольс (plural)

desc

→ Russian: Оля́ (Oljá, “a port and rural locality in Russia”)

From Proto-Mongolic *oxalï, cognate with Mongolian ооль (oolʹ).


дун

kilometre (literally, "the distance at which a human voice or cry can be heard")

(dated) verst (Imperial Russian unit of length equal to 1,066.8 m)


солңһ

xal-noun

солңһ • (solñğ) (Clear script spelling ᠰᡆᠯᡆᡊᡎᡆ (solongɣo))

From Proto-Mongolic *solaŋga, compare Mongolian солонго (solongo), Buryat һолонго (holongo).


хальмг келн

head

хальмг келн • (xalʹmg keln)

Cognate with Khalkha халимаг хэл (khalimag khel) and Buryat хальмаг хэлэн (khalmag khelen)


эгч

xal-noun

эгч • (egç) (Clear script spelling ᡄᡎᡄᡔᡅ (egeci))


өөлд

өөлд • (ööld) (Clear script spelling ᡈᡅᠯᡈᡑ)


өөрд

өөрд • (öörd) (Clear script spelling ᡆᡅᠷᠠᡑ)


хазг

From Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠴᠠᡎ (xazag), from Russian каза́к (kazák).


хасг

From Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠰᠠᡎ (xasag). Compare Mongolian хасаг (xasag), Buryat хасаг (xasag).


баатр

From Written Oirat ᡋᠠᡃᡐᡇᠷ (bātur), from Proto-Mongolic *baɣatur, from Proto-Turkic *bagatur. Cognate with Mongolian баатар (baatar).


моһа

From Written Oirat ᡏᡆᡎᡆᡅ (moɣoi), from Proto-Mongolic *moγai. Cognate with Buryat могой (mogoj), Mongolian могой (mogoj), etc.


киитн

From Written Oirat ᡍᡅᡕᡅᡐᡄᠨ (kiyiten), from Proto-Mongolic *küyitün.
Cognate with Buryat хүйтэн (xüjten), Mongolian хүйтэн (xüjten), etc.


зах

зах • (zax) (Clear script spelling ᠴᠠᡍᠠ (zaxa), plural захс)

from Proto-Turkic *yaka (“collar; edge”).


аһар

аһар • (ağar)

From Proto-Mongolic *agar, compare Mongolian агаар (agaar), Buryat агаар (agaar), Tuvan агаар (agaar).


дуун

дуун • (duun) (Clear script spelling ᡑᡇᡇᠨ (duun))


дуулх

From Proto-Mongolic *duxulga, compare Mongolian дуулга (duulga).


зүн

From Written Oirat ᠴᡈᡉᠨ (zöün), from Proto-Mongolic *ǰä-gün. Cognate with Buryat зүүн (züün), Mongolian зүүн (züün), etc. Compare also Tuvan чөөн (çöön).


зүн

From Written Oirat ᠴᡈᡉᠨ (zöün), from Proto-Mongolic *ǰe-gü-n. Cognate with Buryat зүүн (züün), Mongolian зүүн (züün, oblique), etc.


дән

дән • (dän) (Clear script spelling ᡑᠠᡕᡅᠨ (dayin))

From Proto-Mongolic *dayin, compare Mongolian дайн (dajn).


симфонь

симфонь • (simfonʹ)

From Russian симфо́ния (simfónija), from Latin symphōnia, from Ancient Greek σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ (sumphōníā).

Buryat language
Kalmyk Oirat
Khalkha Mongolian


хувцн

хувцн • (xuvtsn) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡇᡋᡔᠠᠨ (xubcan))


моңһл

моңһл • (moñğl)

From Written Oirat ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ (mongɣol), from Middle Mongol ᠮᠣᠩᠬᠣᠯ (mongqol). Compare Buryat монгол (mongol), Mongolian монгол (mongol), etc.

моңһл келн


эмнлһн

head

эмнлһн • (emnlğn)

Compare Buryat эмнэлгэ (emnelge, “treatment”) and Mongolian эмнэлэг (emneleg, “treatment, hospital”).


шода

head

шода • (şoda)


телңгүд

xal-noun

телңгүд • (telñgüd)

a subgroup of the Kalmyks, who were migrated from the north of the Altai Mountains during the mid-18th century


гүрвлдә

гүрвлдә • (gürvldä) (plural гүрвлдәс)

gürvldä (romanization)
гүрвлдәс (plural)


кевс

кевс • (kevs) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡄᡋᡄᠰ (kebes), plural кевсмүд)

# From Proto-Mongolic *kebis, compare Mongolian хивс (xivs).
# See description under Chechen куз (kuz).


теңгр

head

теңгр • (teñgr)

From Proto-Mongolic *teŋri, compare Mongolian тэнгэр (tenger), Buryat тэнгэри (tengeri).


нерн

xal-noun

нерн • (nern) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡄᠷᡄᠨ (neren))

From Proto-Mongolic *nere, compare Mongolian нэр (ner), Buryat нэрэ (nere).


һурвн

From Proto-Mongolic *gurban, compare Mongolian гурав (gurav), Buryat гурбан (gurban).

triad (a type of Kalmyk poem that consists of three lines)


модн

From Proto-Mongolic *modun, compare Mongolian мод (mod), Buryat модон (modon).

герин модн

stick (a prolonged wooden object)
wooden post

stick (a prolonged wooden object)
wooden pole

stick (a prolonged wooden object)
walking stick

(by extension) forest (any collection of trees)


ноха

ноха • (noxa) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡆᡍᡆᡅ (noxoi) or ᠨᡆᡍᠠᡃ (noxā))


һол

һол • (ğol) (Clear script spelling ᡎᡆᠯ (ɣol), plural һолмуд)


төмр

төмр • (tömr) (plural төмрмүд)

From Proto-Mongolic *temür, compare Mongolian төмөр (tömör), Buryat түмэр (tümer).


нарн

From Proto-Mongolic *naran, compare Mongolian нар (nar), Buryat наран (naran).

Coordinate term: сар (sar, “moon”)


давсн

From Proto-Mongolic *dabusun, compare Mongolian давс (davs), Buryat дабһан (dabhan).


һар

һар • (ğar) (Clear script spelling ᡎᠠᠷ (ɣar), plural һармуд)


мөсн

head

мөсн • (mösn)

From Proto-Mongolic *mölsün, compare Mongolian мөс (mös), Buryat мүльһэн (mülʹhen).


шүдн

xal-noun

шүдн • (şüdn) (Clear script spelling ᠱᡅᡑᡉᠨ (šidün))

From Proto-Mongolic *sidün, compare Mongolian шүд (šüd), Buryat шүдэ (šüde).


шүлсн

head

шүлсн • (şülsn)

From Proto-Mongolic *silüsün, compare Mongolian шүлс (šüls), Buryat шүлһэн (šülhen).


толһа

толһа • (tolğa)

From Proto-Mongolic *tolagaï, compare Mongolian толгой (tolgoj), Buryat толгай (tolgaj).


һаха

xal-noun

һаха • (ğaxa) (Clear script spelling ᡎᠠᡍᠠᡅ (ɣaxai), plural һахас)

From Proto-Mongolic *gakai, compare Mongolian гахай (gaxaj).


алтн

алтн • (altn) (Clear script spelling ᠠᠯᡐᠠᠨ (altan))

From Proto-Mongolic *altan, compare Mongolian алт (alt), Buryat алтан (altan).


заһсн

заһсн • (zağsn) (Clear script spelling ᠴᠠᡎᠠᠰᡇᠨ (zaɣasun), plural заһсд)

From Proto-Mongolic *ǰïgasun; compare Mongolian загас (zagas), Buryat загаһан (zagahan).


даләә

head

даләә • (dalää)

From Proto-Mongolic *dalai, compare Mongolian далай (dalaj).

дала дала#Kalmyk


теңгс

теңгс • (teñgs)

From Proto-Mongolic *teŋgis, compare Mongolian тэнгэс (tenges).


өндгн

өндгн • (öndgn)

From Proto-Mongolic *öndegen, compare Mongolian өндөг (öndög), Buryat үндэгэн (ündegen).


өдр

From Proto-Mongolic *edür, compare Mongolian өдөр (ödör), Buryat үдэр (üder).


үсн

xal-noun

үсн • (üsn) (Clear script spelling ᡉᠰᡉᠨ (üsün))

From Proto-Mongolic *hüsün, compare Mongolian үс (üs), Buryat үһэн (ühen).


үсн

From Proto-Mongolic *sün, *üsün, compare Mongolian сүү (süü), Buryat һүн (hün).


мөңгн

мөңгн • (möñgn) (Clear script spelling ᡏᡈᡊᡎᡈᠨ (mönggön))

From Proto-Mongolic *meŋgün, compare Mongolian мөнгө (möngö), Buryat мүнгэн (müngen).

Чамд мөңгн бәәни?


меклә

From Proto-Mongolic *menekei, compare Mongolian мэлхий (melxii).

меклә кевтә мөлкх


эцк

From Proto-Mongolic *ecige, compare Mongolian эцэг (eceg), Buryat эсэгэ (esege).


мөрн

мөрн • (mörn) (Clear script spelling ᡏᡈᠷᡄᠨ (mören))

From Proto-Mongolic *mören (“river, sea”). Cognate with Mongolian мөрөн (mörön), Buryat мүрэн (müren).

Иҗл мөрн һол


мөрн

мөрн • (mörn) (Clear script spelling ᡏᡆᠷᡅᠨ (morin))

From Proto-Mongolic *morin (“horse”). Cognate with Buryat морин (morin), Mongolian морь (morʹ).


үүлн

head

үүлн • (üüln)

From Proto-Mongolic *exülen, compare Mongolian үүл (üül), Buryat үүлэн (üülen).


чикн

xal-noun

чикн • (çikn) (Clear script spelling ᡔᡅᡍᡅᠨ (cikin))

From Proto-Mongolic *cïkïn, compare Mongolian чих (čix), Buryat шэхэн (šexen).


темән

head

темән • (temän)

From Proto-Mongolic *temexen, compare Mongolian тэмээ (temee), Buryat тэмээн (temeen).


делкә

xal-noun

делкә • (delkä)

From Proto-Mongolic *dele-kei, compare Mongolian дэлхий (delxii), Buryat дэлхэй (delxej).


үүдн

үүдн • (üüdn) (Clear script spelling ᡈᡉᡑᡄᠨ (öüden))

From Proto-Mongolic *exüden, compare Mongolian үүд (üüd), Buryat үүдэн (üüden).

Бер үүдн тал суух зөвтә.

2018, Хабунова Е.Э., editor, Хуучн үгд худл уга: кеерин хураңһу материал, Элиста: ЗАОр «НПП «Джангар», page 103:

Spouse must sit near the door (of a yurt).


эк

From Proto-Mongolic *eke, compare Mongolian эх (ex), Buryat эхэ (exe).


зара

зара • (zara) (Clear script spelling ᠴᠠᠷᠠᡃ (zarā), plural зарас)


саад

From Proto-Mongolic *saxa-, compare Buryat һаад (haad).


савң

head

савң • (savñ)


селм

From Proto-Mongolic *seleme, compare Mongolian сэлэм (selem), Buryat һэлмэ (helme).


мәңгрсн

мәңгрсн • (mäñgrsn)


сувсн

From Proto-Mongolic *subusun, *subud, compare Mongolian сувд (suvd), Buryat субад (subad).


цөсн

цөсн • (tsösn)

From Proto-Mongolic *cösün, *sölsün, compare Mongolian цөс (cös).


сандл

xal-noun

сандл • (sandl) (Clear script spelling ᠰᠠᠨᡑᠠᠯᡅ (sandali))

From Proto-Mongolic *sandali, compare Mongolian сандал (sandal), Buryat һандали (handali).


сурһуль

сурһуль • (surğulʹ) (Clear script spelling ᠰᡇᠷᡎᡇᡇᠯᡅ (surɣuuli))


гуйр

һуйр һуйр#Kalmyk


хатн

From Proto-Mongolic *qatun, compare Mongolian хатан (xatan), Buryat хатaн (xatan).


сүк

From Proto-Mongolic *süke, compare Mongolian сүх (süx).


сүүдр

head

сүүдр • (süüdr)

From Proto-Mongolic *seγüder, compare Mongolian сүүдэр (süüder), Buryat һүүдэр (hüüder).


цаасн

xal-noun

цаасн • (tsaasn) (Clear script spelling ᡔᠠᡃᠰᡇᠨ (cāsun))

From Proto-Mongolic *caxasun, *carxasun, compare Mongolian цаас (caas), Buryat саарһан (saarhan).


чолун

head

чолун • (çolun)

From Proto-Mongolic *čïlaxun; compare Mongolian чулуу (čuluu), Buryat шулуун (šuluun).


цусн

From Proto-Mongolic *cïsun. Compare Mongolian цус (cus), Buryat шуһан (šuhan).


цасн

From Proto-Mongolic *časun; compare Mongolian цас (cas), Buryat саһан (sahan).


цецг

From Proto-Mongolic *ceceg, compare Mongolian цэцэг (ceceg), Buryat сэсэг (seseg).


зүркн

From Proto-Mongolic *ǰirüken, compare Mongolian зүрх (zürx), Buryat зүрхэн (zürxen).


ямаан

яман яман#Kalmyk


оошк

xal-noun

оошк • (ooşk) (Clear script spelling ᡆᡃᠱᡍᡅ (ōški))

From Proto-Mongolic *axuskï, compare Mongolian уушиг (uušig), Buryat уушхан (uušxan).


орн

орн • (orn) (Clear script spelling ᡆᠷᡆᠨ (oron))

From Proto-Mongolic *orun, compare Mongolian ор (or), Buryat орон (oron).


хурһн

head

хурһн • (xurğn)

From Proto-Mongolic *kuruxun, compare Mongolian хуруу (xuruu), Buryat хурган (xurgan).


хурһн

хурһн • (xurğn)

From Proto-Mongolic *kurïgan, compare Mongolian хурга (xurga), Buryat хурьган (xurʹgan).


һазр

xal-noun

һазр • (ğazr) (Clear script spelling ᡎᠠᠴᠠᠷ (ɣazar), plural һазрмуд)

From Proto-Mongolic *xajar, compare Mongolian газар (gazar), Buryat газар (gazar).


әмтн

ämtn (romanization)
әмтс (plural)
әмтд (plural)

From Proto-Mongolic *amitan, compare Mongolian амьтан (amʹtan), Buryat амитан (amitan).

(Buddhism, obsolete) living things, animals


үнн

үнн • (ünn) (Clear script spelling ᡉᠨᡄᠨ (ünen))

From Proto-Mongolic *ünen, compare Mongolian үнэн (ünen).


өвдг

head

өвдг • (övdg)

From Proto-Mongolic *ebüdüg. Compare Mongolian өвдөг (övdög), Buryat үвдэг (üvdeg).


күүкн

xal-noun

күүкн • (küükn) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡉᡉᡍᡄᠨ (küüken), plural күүкд or күүкс)

küükn (romanization)
күүкд (plural)
күүкс (plural)

From Proto-Mongolic *keü-ken, compare Mongolian хүүхэд (xüüxed), Buryat хүүгэд (xüüged).


ясн

ясн • (yasn) (Clear script spelling ᡕᠠᠰᡇᠨ (yasun))

From Proto-Mongolic *yasun, compare Mongolian яс (jas), Buryat яһан (jahan).


хамр

хамр • (xamr) (Clear script spelling ᡍᠠᡏᠠᠷ (xamar))

From Proto-Mongolic *kamar, compare Mongolian хамар (xamar), Buryat хамар (xamar).


җид

җид • (jid) (Clear script spelling ᠴᡅᡑᠠ (jida), plural җидмүд)

From Proto-Mongolic *ǰïda; compare Mongolian жад (žad), Buryat жада (žada).


элкн

From Proto-Mongolic *heligen, compare Mongolian элэг (eleg), Buryat эльгэн (elʹgen).


элҗги

From Proto-Mongolic *elǰigen, compare Mongolian илжиг (ilžig), Buryat элжэгэн (elžegen).


тергн

From Proto-Mongolic *tergen, compare Mongolian тэрэг (tereg), Buryat тэргэн (tergen).


нүүрсн

head

нүүрсн • (nüürsn)

From Proto-Mongolic *nexürsün, compare Mongolian нүүр (nüür), Buryat нүүрһэн (nüürhen).


шүлүсн

шүлүсн • (şülüsn)

From Proto-Mongolic *silexüsün, compare Mongolian шилүүс (šilüüs), Buryat шэлүүһэн (šelüühen).


дурн

From Proto-Mongolic *dura, compare Mongolian дур (dur), Buryat дуран (duran).


өвр

From Proto-Mongolic *ebür. Cognate with Mongolian өвөр (övör) and Buryat үбэр (über).

Сәәхн заӊгта ээҗиннь, // Өвр деернь өсләв.

“Мордсн күүкнд нерәдсн дун”:

I grew up in the bosom of my good-tempered mother.

(rare) southern or sunny side of a slope


өвр

From Proto-Mongolic *eber. Cognate with Mongolian эвэр (ever), Buryat эбэр (eber).


дуураан

дууран дууран#Kalmyk


аһр

аһр зандн модн


элсн

From Proto-Mongolic *elesün, compare Mongolian элс (els), Buryat элһэн (elhen).


сахл

From Proto-Mongolic *sakal, compare Mongolian сахал (saxal), Buryat һахал (haxal).


шорһлҗн

шорһлҗн • (şorğljn)

From Proto-Mongolic *sirguljin, compare Mongolian шоргоолж (šorgoolž), Buryat шоргоолзон (šorgoolzon).


нохаа

ноха ноха#Kalmyk


дәәсн

xal-noun

дәәсн • (dääsn) (Clear script spelling ᡑᠠᡅᠰᡇᠨ (daisun), plural дәәсд)

From Proto-Mongolic *dayisun, compare Mongolian дайсан (dajsan).


дәән

head

дәән • (dään)


шовун

шовун • (şovun)

From Proto-Mongolic *sïbaxun, compare Mongolian шувуу (šuvuu), Buryat шубуун (šubuun).


тосн

From Proto-Mongolic *tosun, compare Mongolian тос (tos), Buryat тоһон (tohon).


тоосн

From Proto-Mongolic *toxusun, compare Mongolian тоос (toos), Buryat тооһон (toohon).


дольһаан

дольһаан • (dolʹğaan)

дольган дольган#Kalmyk

Alternative spelling of дольган (dolʹgan)


хулха

From Proto-Mongolic *kulux-, compare Mongolian хулгах (xulgax).


ноосн

From Proto-Mongolic *nuxasun, compare Mongolian ноос (noos), Buryat нооһон (noohon).


нумн

From Proto-Mongolic *numun, compare Mongolian нум (num), Buryat номо (nomo).


нуһсн

нуһсн • (nuğsn)

From Proto-Mongolic *nuxusun, compare Mongolian нугас (nugas), Buryat нугаһан (nugahan).


үндсн

үндсн • (ündsn)

From Proto-Mongolic *ündüsün, compare Mongolian үндэс (ündes), Buryat үндэһэн (ündehen).


туула

xal-noun

туула • (tuula) (Clear script spelling ᡐᡇᡇᠯᠠᡅ (tuulai))

From Written Oirat ᡐᡆᡇᠯᠠᡅ (toulai), from Proto-Mongolic *taxulai, compare Mongolian туулай (tuulaj).


сумн

From Proto-Mongolic *sumun, compare Mongolian сум (sum).


нульмсн

head

нульмсн • (nulʹmsn)

From Proto-Mongolic *nïlbusun, compare Mongolian нулимс (nulims), Buryat нёлбоһон (njolbohon).


амтн

xal-noun

амтн • (amtn) (Clear script spelling ᠠᡏᡐᠠᠨ (amtan))


андн

андн • (andn) (Clear script spelling ᠠᠨᡑᠠᠨ (andan), plural андд)


даран

даран • (daran) (Clear script spelling ᡑᠠᠷᠠᡃᠨ (darān))

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *daraγa. Cognate with Mongolian дараа (daraa).


арл

арл • (arl) (Clear script spelling ᠠᠷᠠᠯ (aral), plural арлмуд)

From Proto-Mongolic *aral, compare Mongolian арал (aral).


дуң

Compare Buryat дун (dun), Mongolian дун (dun).


делн

делң делң#Kalmyk


делүн

делүн • (delün)

From Proto-Mongolic *delixün, compare Mongolian дэлүү (delüü).


делң

делң • (delñ)

From Proto-Mongolic *deleŋ, compare Mongolian дэлэн (delen).


эзн

From Proto-Mongolic *ejen, compare Mongolian эзэн (ezen).


сиик

сиик • (siik) (Clear script spelling ᠰᡅᡅᡍᡅ (siiki))


орн-нутг

орн-нутг • (orn-nutg) (Clear script spelling ᡆᠷᡆᠨ
ᠨᡇᡐᡇᡎ (oron nutug))


бичг

бичг • (biçg) (Clear script spelling ᡋᡅᡔᡅᡎ (bicig), plural бичгүд or бичгс)

biçg (romanization)
бичгүд (plural)
бичгс (plural)

From Written Oirat ᡋᡅᡔᡅᡎ (bicig), ultimately from a Turkic language, compare Old Turkic 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (b²it²g /bitig/, “inscription, book”). Synchronically analyzeable as a form of the verb бичх (biçx).


сойл

xal-noun

сойл • (soyl) (Clear script spelling ᠰᡆᡕᡆᠯ (soyol))

Borrowed from Classical Mongolian ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠯ (soyul, “civilisation, the act of civilising”). Compare Mongolian соёл (sojol, “culture”) and Buryat соёл (sojol, “culture”).


тод бичг

xal-noun

тод бичг • (tod biçg) (Clear script spelling ᡐᡆᡑᡆ
ᡋᡅᡔᡅᡎ (todo bicig))


дегтр

дегтр • (degtr) (Clear script spelling ᡑᡄᡎᡐᡄᠷ (deɣter))


келн-улс

келн-улс • (keln-uls) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡄᠯᡄᠨ
ᡇᠯᡇᠰ (kelen ulus), plural келн-улсмуд)

keln-uls (romanization)
келн-улсмуд (plural)

Келн-улс хоорндк иньгллт менд болтха!


менд

менд • (mend) (Clear script spelling ᡏᡄᠨᡑᡉ (mendü) or ᡏᡄᠨᡑᡄ (mende))


девтр

девтр • (devtr) (Clear script spelling ᡑᡄᡋᡐᡄᠷ (debter))


үзг

үзг • (üzg) (Clear script spelling ᡉᠴᡉᡎ (üzüg))

ар үзг

тод үзг

letter (a symbol in an alphabet); writing, script


дольган

дольган • (dolʹgan) (Clear script spelling ᡑᡆᠯᡅᡎᡅᡃᠨ (doligīn), plural дольгад)

From Proto-Mongolic *dolxiyan, compare Mongolian долгион (dolgion), Buryat долгин (dolgin).


ноһан

ноһан • (noğan) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡆᡎᡆᡃᠨ (noɣōn))

From Proto-Mongolic *noguxan, compare Mongolian ногоон (nogoon), Dongxiang nogvon.


оютн

оютн • (oyutn) (Clear script spelling ᡆᡕᡆᡇᡐᠠᠨ (oyoutan))


һуйр

һуйр • (ğuyr) (Clear script spelling ᡎᡇᠯᡅᠷ (ɣulir) or ᡎᡆᠯᡅᠷ (ɣolir) or ᡎᡆᠷᡅᠯ (ɣoril))

From Proto-Mongolic *gulïr, compare Mongolian гурил (guril), Buryat гурил (guril), Dongxiang ghurun.


шикр-балта

ᠱᡅᡍᡅᠷ ᡋᠠᠯᡐᠠᡅ

шикр-балта • (şikr-balta) (Clear script spelling ᠱᡅᡍᡅᠷ
ᡋᠠᠯᡐᠠᡅ (šikir baltai))

From шикр (şikr) + бал (bal) + -та (-ta)


йовдл

йовдл • (yovdl) (Clear script spelling ᡕᠠᡋᡇᡑᠠᠯ (yabudal), plural йовдлмуд)

Inherited from Written Oirat ᡕᠠᡋᡇᡑᠠᠯ (yabudal), from ᡕᠠᡋᡇᡍᡇ (yabuxu, “to go, to act”). By surface analysis, йовх (yovx) + -дл (-dl).


цуһар

xal-noun

цуһар • (tsuğar) (Clear script spelling ᡔᡇᡎᠠᡃᠷ (cuɣār))

Мендвт, цуһар!


бөкүн

бөкүн • (bökün) (Clear script spelling ᡋᡈᡍᡉᡉᠨᡄ (böküüne), plural бөкүнс)


орм

орм • (orm) (Clear script spelling ᡆᠷᡆᡏ (orom))


амн

амн • (amn) (Clear script spelling ᠠᡏᠠᠨ (aman))

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *aman. Cognate with Mongolian ам (am).


халх

халх • (xalx) (Clear script spelling ᡍᠠᠯᡍᠠ (xalxa))


маңна

маңна • (mañna) (Clear script spelling ᡏᠠᡊᠨᠠᡅ (mangnai))

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *maŋlaï. Cognate with Mongolian магнай (magnaj).


нүр

нүр • (nür) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡉᡉᠷ (nüür))

From Proto-Mongolic *nixür (“face”). Cognate with Mongolian нүүр (nüür).


урл

урл • (url) (Clear script spelling ᡇᠷᡇᡇᠯ (uruul))

From Proto-Mongolic *hurul. Cognate with Mongolian уруул (uruul) and Buryat урал (ural).


өргнә

head

өргнә • (örgnä)

өргн өргн#Kalmyk


гиҗг

xal-noun

гиҗг • (gijg) (Clear script spelling ᡎᡄᠴᡅᡎᡄ (gejige))

From Proto-Mongolic *gejige. Cognate with Mongolian гэзэг (gezeg) and Buryat гэзэгэ (gezege).


өргн

өргн • (örgn) (Clear script spelling ᡈᠷᡎᡄᠨ (örgen))

From Proto-Mongolic *erexün. Cognate with Mongolian эрүү (erüü) and Buryat үргэн (ürgen).


хөн

хөн • (xön) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡆᠨᡅ (xoni))

From Proto-Mongolic *konïn, compare Mongolian хонь (xonʹ), Buryat хонин (xonin).


хадур

хадур • (xadur) (Clear script spelling ᡍᠠᡑᡇᡇᠷ (xaduur))

From Proto-Mongolic *kaduxur, cognate with Mongolian хадуур (xaduur) and Buryat хажуур (xažuur).


номт

номт • (nomt) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡆᡏᡐᡇ (nomtu) or ᠨᡆᡏᡐᡆ (nomto))


киилг

киилг • (kiilg) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡅᡅᠯᡅᡊ (kiiling), plural киилгүд)


гесн

гесн • (gesn) (Clear script spelling ᡎᡄᠰᡄᠨ (gesen))

Cognate with Mongolian гэдэс (gedes) and Buryat гэдэһэн (gedehen).

гесн өлсх

to be hungry (lit. to have a hungry stomach)


көкн

көкн • (kökn) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡈᡍᡉᠨ (kökün))

From Proto-Mongolic *kökün. Cognagte with Mongolian хөх (xöx) and Buryat хүхэн (xüxen).


нурһн

нурһн • (nurğn) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡇᠷᡎᡇᠨ (nurɣun))

From Proto-Mongolic *nïruxun. Cognate with Mongolian нуруу (nuruu) and Buryat нюрган (njurgan).


киисн

киисн • (kiisn) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡅᡅᠰᡉᠨ (kiisün))

From Proto-Mongolic *küyisün. Cognate with Mongolian хүйс (xüjs) and Buryat хүйһэн (xüjhen).


харнда

харнда • (xarnda) (Clear script spelling ᡍᠠᠷᠠᠨᡑᠠᡃ (xarandā))

Learned borrowing from Mongolian харандаа (xarandaa), itself from Russian карандаш (karandaš).


цегдг

xal-noun

цегдг • (tsegdg) (Clear script spelling ᡔᡄᡎᡄᡑᡄᡎ (cegedeg))

Хадрис, авад од. // Цегдгинчн алтн, гинә, // Хурһнанчн нәрхн, гинә, // Хурвчнанчн алтн, гинә.

Come on, bring it on! // Your overdress is golden, // Your fingers are slim, // Your thimble is golden.

Xadris, avad od. // Tsegdginçn altn, ginä, // Xurğnançn närxn, ginä, // Xurvçnançn altn, ginä.

a kind of a pinafore traditionally worn as an overdress


билцг

билцг • (biltsg) (Clear script spelling ᡋᡅᠯᡔᡄᡎ (bilceg), plural билцгүд)


солң

солң • (solñ)

солңһ солңһ#Kalmyk


сурһульч

сурһульч • (surğulʹç) (Clear script spelling ᠰᡇᠷᡎᡇᡇᠯᡅᡔᡅ (surɣuulici), plural сурһульчнр)

surğulʹç (romanization)
сурһульчнр (plural)


һосн

һосн • (ğosn) (Clear script spelling ᡎᡆᠰᡇᠨ (ɣosun), plural һосд)

From Proto-Mongolic *γosun, itself from the root *γotu-.


бүшмүд

бүшмүд • (büşmüd) (Clear script spelling ᡋᡅᠱᡏᡉᡉᡑ (bišmüüd), plural бүшмүдмүд)

büşmüd (romanization)
бүшмүдмүд (plural)

Ultimately from a Turkic language, probably via Russian бешмет (bešmet). Compare Tatar бишмәт (bişmät).


махла

махла • (maxla) (Clear script spelling ᡏᠠᡍᠠᠯᠠᡅ (maxalai))

From Proto-Mongolic *malaγai. Cognate with Mongolian малгай (malgaj) and Buryat малгай (malgaj).


девл

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *debel. Cognate with Buryat дэгэл (degel) and Mongolian дээл (deel).

Зун күн әркән ууһад, зун хөөнә мах идәд, зун хөөнә арсар девл кенә. Негчн согтсн күн уга.

2018, Хабунова Е.Э., editor, Хуучн үгд худл уга: кеерин хураңһу материал, Элиста: ЗАОр «НПП «Джангар», page 69

A hundred men drank liquor; having eaten meat of a hundred sheep, they made fur coats out of their fur. There was not one man who got drunk.

Zun kün ärkän uuğad, zun xöönä max idäd, zun xöönä arsar devl kenä. Negçn sogtsn kün uga.

deel (type of traditional Mongolian cloak)


бичәч

бичәч • (biçäç) (plural бичәчнр)

/bit͡ɕæːˈt͡ɕə/

From Proto-Mongolic *bičigeči. By surface analysis, бичх (biçx) + -ч (-ç)

surf

Бичәч йовсн болвзач?

1989, Бембин Тимофей, Көк теңгсин көвәһәр, volume 2, Элст: Хальмг дегтр һарһач, page 8:

Нутгтан тоомсрта улс: Манҗин Боова, энүнә тускар мана Хальмг Таңһчд нер туурсн бичәч Бадмин Алексей «Усна экн – булг» гидг дегтртән бичсмн.
Nutgtan toomsrta uls: Manjin Boova, enünä tuskar mana Xalʹmg Tañğçd ner tuursn biçäç Badmin Aleksey «Usna ekn – bulg» gidg degtrtän biçsmn.
An honorable man for us – Mandzhin Boova – about which our famous Kalmyk writer, Badmin Aleksei, wrote a book called "Усна экн – булг".

2018, Хабунова Е.Э., editor, Хуучн үгд худл уга: кеерин хураңһу материал, Элиста: ЗАОр «НПП «Джангар», page 86

Тегәдчн, Җимбин Андрейиг бичәч болн журналист гиҗ келҗ чаднавидн.

2022 January 29, Савр Лощинин, Центр по развитию калмыцкого языка, archived from the original on 2023-02-07:

As such, we may call Andrey Dzhimbinov a writer and a journalist.

Tegädçn, Jimbin Andreyig biçäç boln zhurnalist gij kelj çadnavidn.


тосхач

xal-noun

тосхач • (tosxaç) (Clear script spelling ᡐᡆᠰᡍᡆᡃᡔᡅ (tosxōci))

Күч-көлсч хальмг чадмг, өөдән серлтә, социалистическ эдл-ахун культурн тосхач болҗ һарх зөвтә.

Working Kalmyk must come out as a cunning, straightforward-thinking builder of socialist economical culture.

Küç-kölsç xalʹmg çadmg, öödän serltä, sotsialistiçesk edl-axun kulʹturn tosxaç bolj ğarx zövtä.

Ода тосхачнр хойр зун минһн тоон төмр конструкц углҗ тәвлһнә көдлмш күцәҗәнә.

2013 October 16, Вести Калмыкия, archived from the original on 2023-02-07:

Now the builders are carrying out the job of placing down two hundred thousand metal structures.

Oda tosxaçnr xoyr zun minğn toon tömr konstrukts uglj tävlğnä ködlmş kütsäjänä.

Артезиан селәнд болн Элстд тосхачнрт нерәдсн бумб бәәнә.

2022 August 31, Kalmyk State University, archived from the original on 2023-02-07:

In Artezian and Elista there is a monument dedicated to the builders.

Artezian seländ boln Elstd tosxaçnrt nerädsn bumb bäänä.


тәмрч

тәмрч • (tämrç) (Clear script spelling ᡐᠠᡏᡅᠷᡔᡅ (tamirci))

Learned borrowing from Mongolian тамирчи (tamirči).


зурач

xal-noun

зурач • (zuraç) (Clear script spelling ᠴᡇᠷᠠᡃᡔᡅ (zurāci), plural зурачнр)

By surface analysis, зурх (zurx) + -ч (-ç). Cognate with Mongolian зураач (zuraač).


зарһч

xal-noun

зарһч • (zarğç) (Clear script spelling ᠴᠠᠷᡎᠠᡔᡅ (zarɣaci), plural зарһчнр)


көвүн

көвүн • (kövün) (plural көвүд or көвүс)

kövün (romanization)
көвүд (plural)
көвүс (plural)

From Proto-Mongolic *köbegün. Cognate with Buryat хүбүүн (xübüün) and Mongolian хөвүүн (xövüün).


альчур

альчур • (alʹçur) (Clear script spelling ᠠᠯᡔᡅᡇᠷ (alciur))

From Proto-Mongolic *arčiγul. Cognate with Mongolian алчуур (alčuur), Buryat аршуул (aršuul) and Khamnigan Mongol арчуул (arčuul). Note the metathesis.


хаша

хаша • (xaşa) (Clear script spelling ᡍᠠᠱᠠ (xaša))

Ик гидг хаша бәрәд, малнь дала, элчнрнь бас дала.

2018, Хабунова Е.Э., editor, Хуучн үгд худл уга: кеерин хураңһу материал, Элиста: ЗАОр «НПП «Джангар», page 63:

They owned an enormous homestead, had a lot of livestock; they had many messengers, as well.

Ik gidg xaşa bäräd, malnʹ dala, elçnrnʹ bas dala.


ээҗ

ээҗ • (eej) (Clear script spelling ᡄᡃᠴᡅ (ēji))

From Proto-Mongolic *eji. Cognate with Mongolian ээж (eež) and Buryat эжы (ežy).

Эңкрлдгнь олн болвчнь, // Хәәртә-лә ээҗләм әдлцхш.

“Ээҗин дун”:

Although there will be many loving, // no one will match my beloved mother

Eñkrldgnʹ oln bolvçnʹ, // Xäärtä-lä eejläm ädltsxş.

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother


булһн

From Proto-Mongolic *bulaγan. Cognate with Mongolian булга (bulga).

Орс хатн Анна Иоановна Дондуг Омбог сәәнәр церглснд булһн девләр болн ик үнтә үлдәр ачлсмн, цергчнр-хальмгуд болхла улан эдин әңгс авсн бәәҗ.

2018, Хабунова Е.Э., editor, Хуучн үгд худл уга: кеерин хураңһу материал, Элиста: ЗАОр «НПП «Джангар», page 99

Russian empress Anna Ioanovna awarded Donduk Ombo with a sable furcoat and an expensive sword for his war service, while Kalmyk soldiers got some things made of red fabric.

Ors xatn Anna Ioanovna Dondug Ombog säänär tserglsnd bulğn devlär boln ik üntä üldär açlsmn, tsergçnr-xalʹmgud bolxla ulan edin äñgs avsn bääj.

Martes zibellina
Martes zibellina#Translingual


пөөгр

пөөгр • (pöögr) (Clear script spelling ᡌᡈᡃᡎᡈᠷ (pȫgör))


чирә

чирә • (çirä) (Clear script spelling ᡔᡅᠷᠠᡅ (cirai))

From Proto-Mongolic *cïraï. Cognate with Mongolian царай (caraj) and Buryat шарай (šaraj).


шалвр

шалвр • (şalvr) (plural шалврмуд)


нимгн

нимгн • (nimgn) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡅᡏᡎᡄᠨ (nimgen))

From Proto-Mongolic *nimgen. Cognate with Mongolian нимгэн (nimgen).

Нимгн шар залу


торһн

торһн • (torğn) (Clear script spelling ᡐᡆᠷᡎᡆᠨ (torɣon))

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *torga, from Proto-Turkic *torku. Cognate with Mongolian торго (torgo).

Намчта торһнь кииснә.

“Ээҗин дун”:

The ornamented silky handkerchief is flying.

(by extension) handkerchief made out of silk

piece of silky fabric
handkerchief made out of silk


хөөч

хөөч • (xööç) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡆᠨᡅᡔᡅ (xonici))


үкрч

үкрч • (ükrç) (Clear script spelling ᡉᡍᡉᠷᡔᡅ (ükürci))


килң

килң • (kilñ) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡅᠯᡅᡊ (kiling))


сәәхн

сәәхн • (sääxn) (Clear script spelling ᠰᠠᡕᡅᡍᠠᠨ (sayixan))

From Proto-Mongolic *sayiqan. By surface analysis, сән (sän, “good”) + -хн (-xn, diminutive suffix). Cognate with Mongolian сайхан (sajxan) and Buryat һайхан (hajxan).


зарһ

xal-noun

зарһ • (zarğ) (Clear script spelling ᠴᠠᠷᡎᡇ (zarɣu), plural зарһс)

From Proto-Mongolic *jarγu. Cognate with Mongolian зарга (zarga).


кампать

кампать • (kampatʹ) (plural кампатьмуд)

kampatʹ (romanization)
кампатьмуд (plural)

Эн кампать кедү күрнә?


гелң

гелң • (gelñ) (plural гелңгүд)


бавуха

Cognate with Mongolian сарьсан багваахай (sarʹsan bagvaaxaj).

cog

сарьсан багваахай


өмн

xal-noun

өмн • (ömn) (Clear script spelling ᡈᡏᡈᠨᡈ (ömönö))


элмр

From элх (elx, “to get worn-out”) + -мр (-mr, potentiality suffix).


геңгә

xal-noun

геңгә • (geñgä)

From гелң (gelñ), itself from Tibetan དགེ་སློང (dge slong).

Used as a flattering or honorific term to address a lama or a gelong.


некән идән

некән идән • (nekän idän)

From некә (nekä, “sheepskin”) + идән (idän, “solution, mixture”).


зег

зег • (zeg) (Clear script spelling ᠴᡄᡎ (zeg), plural зегмүд)


күүкд

күүкд • (küükd) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡉᡉᡍᡄᡑ (küüked), plural күүкд)

Plural of күүкн (küükn), compare Mongolian хүүхэд (xüüxed) for analogical use in singular.

нилх күүкд


намтр

намтр • (namtr) (Clear script spelling ᠨᠠᡏᡐᠠᠷ (namtar))

From Tibetan རྣམ་ཐར (rnam thar). Compare Mongolian намтар (namtar).

Зая-Пандитын намтр


уга

Inherited from Written Oirat ᡉᡎᡄᡅ (ügei), from Proto-Mongolic *ügei Cognate with Mongolian үгүй (ügüj). Word's vowel shift from front to back ones is an irregular one.


теңгрин ки

xal-noun

ᡐᡄᡊᡎᡄᠷᡅᡅᠨ ᡍᡅᡅ

теңгрин ки • (teñgrin ki) (Clear script spelling ᡐᡄᡊᡎᡄᠷᡅᡅᠨ
ᡍᡅᡅ (tenggeriin kii))


чееҗ

чееҗ • (çeej) (Clear script spelling ᡔᡄᡃᠴᡅ (cēji) or ᡒᡄᡃᡓᡅ (čēǰi))

/t͡ɕeːˈd͡ʑə/

From Proto-Mongolic *čexeǰi; cognate with Mongolian цээж (ceež) and Buryat сээж (seež).


ниигм

ниигм • (niigm) (Clear script spelling ᠨᡄᡅᡎᡄᡏ (neigem) or ᠨᡄᡕᡅᡎᡄᡏ (neyigem))

Learned borrowing from Mongolian нийгэм (niigem) or inherited from Written Oirat ᠨᡄᡅᡎᡄᡏ (neigem).

lbor

Ниигм дотр бәәсн күн


орчулвр

xal-noun

орчулвр • (orçulvr) (Clear script spelling ᡆᠷᡒᡅᡇᠯᡋᠠᠷ (orčiulbar))


өрк-бүл

өрк-бүл • (örk-bül) (Clear script spelling ᡈᠷᡍᡈ
ᡋᡉᠯᡉ (örkö bülü))


чиирг

чиирг • (çiirg) (Clear script spelling ᡒᡅᡅᠷᡄᡎ (čiireg))

From Written Oirat ᡔᡅᡕᡅᠷᡄᡎ (ciyireg), from Proto-Mongolic *čigiraγ. Cognate with Mongolian чийрэг (čiireg).


йосн

йосн • (yosn) (Clear script spelling ᡕᡆᠰᡆᠨ (yoson), plural йосд)

Хүүвин йосн


долан хонг

долан хонгуд

долан хонг • (dolan xong) (plural долан хонгуд)

dolan xong (romanization)
долан хонгуд (plural)


хонг

From Proto-Mongolic *qonuγ, from *qonu (to spend the night) + *-γ. By surface analysis, хонх (xonx, “to spend the night”) + -г (-g, verbalizing suffix). Cognate with Mongolian хоног (xonog).


нигүлскү

xal-noun

нигүлскү • (nigülskü)

Learned borrowing from Written Oirat ᠨᡅᡎᡉᡉᠯᡄᠰᡍᡉᡅ (nigüülesküi).


тәкл

xal-noun

тәкл • (täkl) (Clear script spelling ᡐᠠᡍᡅᠯ (takil))

From Written Oirat ᡐᠠᡍᡅᠯ (takil), from Proto-Mongolic *takil.


марһан

марһан • (marğan) (Clear script spelling ᡏᠠᠷᡎᠠᡃᠨ (marɣān), plural марһас or марһад)

marğan (romanization)
марһас (plural)
марһад (plural)

contest, competition; Olympiad (for students)


һазр-усн

ğazr-usn (romanization)
һазр-усд (plural)

From һазр (ğazr) + усн (usn).
For similar semantic development, compare Vietnamese đất nước (country, literally “land and water”).


кех

xal-noun

кех • (kex) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡄᡍᡉ (kekü))

From Written Oirat ᡍᡄᡍᡉ (kekü), from Proto-Mongolic [Term?]. Cognate with Mongolian хийх (xiix), Buryat хэхэ (xexe).

организовывать кех

(auxiliary, after Russian verbs) Used to form verbs.


зусн

зусн • (zusn) (Clear script spelling ᠴᡇᠰᡇᠨ (zusun))


маштг

маштг • (maştg) (Clear script spelling ᡏᠠᠱᡐᠠᡎ (maštag))


түлкүр

түлкүр • (tülkür) (Clear script spelling ᡐᡉᠯᡍᡅᡉᠷ (tülkiür))

Inherited from Written Oirat ᡐᡉᠯᡍᡅᡉᠷ (tülkiür). By surface analysis, түлкх (tülkx, “to push”) + үр (ür, nominalizing suffix).


күүкд күн

xal-noun

күүкд күн • (küükd kün) (Clear script spelling ᡍᡉᡉᡍᡄᡑ
ᡍᡉᡉᠨ (küüked küün))


зүсн

зүсн • (züsn) (Clear script spelling ᠴᡉᠰᡉᠨ (züsün))

Inherited from Proto-Mongolic *jisün (“face”). Cognate with Mongolian зүс (züs).


хәәр

xal-noun

хәәр • (xäär) (Clear script spelling ᡍᠠᡕᡅᠷᠠ (xayira))

Inherited from Proto-Mongolic *kaïran, cognate with Mongolian хайр (xajr).


көглҗрһн

көглҗрһн • (kögljrğn) (plural көглҗрһнс)

kögljrğn (romanization)
көглҗрһнс (plural)

/kø.ɡəlʲ.d͡ʑərˈʁnə/

/kø.ɡəlʲ.d͡ʑərˈʁən/

Uncertain. Probably a borrowing from a Turkic language; see Ottoman Turkish گوگرجین (güğercin) for list of possible cognates. The final schwa is unpredictable and possibly arose from analogy of words denoting agricultural pests usually ending in schwa, compare бөкүн (bökün), батхн (batxn), чон (çon), all of which end in schwa.


ууһр

ууһр • (uuğr) (plural ууһрмуд)


орс

орс • (ors) (Clear script spelling ᡆᠷᡆᠰ (oros), plural орсмуд)

From Written Oirat ᡆᠷᡆᠰ (oros), from Middle Mongol 斡羅思 (orus), itself from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ).

(attributive) Russian (people, language, etc.)


өөкн

өөкн • (öökn) (Clear script spelling ᡈᡃᡍᡉᠨ (ȫkün))

From Proto-Mongolic *ögükün, cognate with Mongolian өөх (ööx) and Buryat өөхэн (ööxen).

хәәлсн өөкн


дараһар

head

дараһар • (darağar)

даран даран#Kalmyk


деегүр

xal-noun

деегүр • (deegür) (Clear script spelling ᡑᡄᡃᡎᡉᡉᠷ (dēgüür))

From Proto-Mongolic *degegür, from the root *dege-, which is cognate to деер (deer), дегд (degd). Compare Mongolian дээгүүр (deegüür).

деегүр нисх


оштрм

оштрм • (oştrm)

From Russian шторм (štorm), from a Germanic language, compare Dutch storm.


циигн

циигн • (tsiign) (plural циигд or циигдүд)

tsiign (romanization)
циигд (plural)
циигдүд (plural)

From Russian цыган (cygan), ultimately from Byzantine Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “untouchable”).

der

циигн улс


шалтан

xal-noun

шалтан • (şaltan)


маальг

маальг • (maalʹg)


йөрәл

йөрәл • (yöräl) (plural йөрәлмүд)

By surface analysis, йөрәх (yöräx, “to congratulate”) + -л (-l, nominalizing suffix). Cognate with Mongolian ерөөл (jörööl).

surf

A type of traditional well-wish uttered before or during important events and rituals.


арслң

xal-noun

арслң • (arslñ)

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *arsïlan (“lion”).


арслң

арслң • (arslñ)

Uncertain. If the same as Etymology 1, then the original coin or currency (that supposedly depicted a lion) is unknown. A folk etymology suggests it is a compound of орс (ors, “Russian”) + Chinese 兩／两 (liǎng), but the shift /o/ > /a/ is not expected.


буйн

Ultimately from Sanskrit पुण्य (puṇya); compare Mongolian буян (bujan).


зүүдн

зүүдн • (züüdn) (plural зүүдд)

Ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *jexüdün, from the root *jexü-. Cognate with Mongolian зүүд (züüd).

dream (imaginary events seen while asleep)


тәәҗ

тәәҗ • (tääj) (plural тәәҗнр)

Ultimately from Chinese 太子 (tàizǐ), compare Mongolian тайж (tajž). Not to confuse with тәәш (tääş), derived from 太師／太师 (tàishī).

zh-m

太師／太师 (tàishī)

taiji (a historical Mongolian aristocratic title)


хорһлҗн

xal-noun

хорһлҗн • (xorğljn)

/χor.ʁəlʲˈd͡ʑən/


өршәңгү седкл

өршәңгү седкл • (örşäñgü sedkl)

өршәңгү (örşäñgü) + седкл (sedkl), literally “merciful thoughts/wishes”. For similar religious term used in the Sinosphere, compare 慈悲. Also compare Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā) as well as Tibetan སྙིང་རྗེ (snying rje). The corresponding Mongolian term is өршөөл (öršööl). The synonymous term, нигүлскү (nigülskü), although more used in religious texts in the past, is now obscure.

com

Тер [шовуна] дууг соңссн улс байрлҗ, өршәңгү седкл үүскв.

2011, V. O. Imejev, R. P. Xarčevnikova, D. B. Gedejeva, L. A. Lidžijeva, Практический курс калмыцкого языка, Elista: Издательство калмыцкого университета, page 153:

People who listened to that [bird's] singing rejoiced, and brought about compassionate [thoughts].

Ter [şovuna] duug soñssn uls bayrlj, örşäñgü sedkl üüskv.

(Buddhism, folklore) benevolence, compassion (the wish to save all living things), metta, karuṇā


утх

From Proto-Mongolic *kïtuga. Cognate with Mongolian хутга (xutga). The reason for the loss of initial consonant is unclear.


хар һуйр

xal-noun

хар һуйр • (xar ğuyr) (plural хар һуйрмуд)

xar ğuyr (romanization)
хар һуйрмуд (plural)

Literally, "black flour", which is probably a folk etymology. Instead, it may be a corruption of хар (xar) + ууһр (uuğr), "black Uyghur".


хар һуйр

хар һуйр • (xar ğuyr)


гергн

гергн • (gergn) (plural гергд or гергчуд)

gergn (romanization)
гергд (plural)
гергчуд (plural)

Inherited from Proto-Mongolic *gergen; by surface analysis, *ger (“wife”) + *-gen (a nominal suffix). Cognate with Mongolian гэргэн (gergen).


биллүр

xal-noun

биллүр • (billür) (plural биллүрмүд)

billür (romanization)
биллүрмүд (plural)

By surface analysis, биллх (billx, “to erase”) + үр (ür, a nominal suffix).


кимзә

Uncertain. By surface analysis, кем (kem, “measure”) + зә (zä, a nominal suffix); /e/ > /i/ shift is thus unexpected. Probably related to кемҗән (kemjän), which is a cognate of Mongolian хэмжээ (xemžee).

термометрин кимзә

scale (a system of measurements)
scale (a line on a measuring device)


уйһр

xal-noun

уйһр • (uyğr) (plural уйһрмуд)

Learned borrowing from Mongolian Уйгар (Ujgar). Compare to native ууһр (uuğr), which developed several other meanings.


айлһ

xal-noun

айлһ • (aylğ) (plural айлһд or айлһс)

aylğ (romanization)
айлһд (plural)
айлһс (plural)

From Written Oirat ᠠᡕᠠᠯᡎᠠ (ayalɣa), from Middle Mongol ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠠ (ayalg-a). Cognate with Mongolian аялга (ajalga), аялгуу (ajalguu).

dialect (specific version of a language)


хөрг

By surface analysis, хөрх (xörx, “to prohibit”) + -г (-g, nominalizing suffix). Cognate with Mongolian хориг (xorig).

surf

Тертн ода бузр үгән келх, туух, хөрг уга күн болҗана тертн, икл әәмшгтә күн гиҗ санҗанав.

2018, Хабунова Е.Э., editor, Хуучн үгд худл уга: кеерин хураңһу материал, Элиста: ЗАОр «НПП «Джангар», page 205:

Now they say dirty words, know no taboos, I think they are a very dangerous person.

Tertn oda buzr ügän kelx, tuux, xörg uga kün boljana tertn, ikl äämşgtä kün gij sanjanav.

хөрг уга


цецгә

Inherited from Proto-Mongolic *čečegei. Cognate with Mongolian цэцгий (cecgii), Buryat сэсэгы (sesegy). The meaning "flower" is due to taboo on the word цецг (tsetsg).


эрмәль

xal-noun

эрмәль • (ermälʹ) (plural эрмәлмүд)

Uncertain. For the similar /n/ > /l/ shift, compare Chechen Эрмалойчоь (Ermalojčö). Ultimately from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/).


уульнц

head

уульнц • (uulʹnts)


хунтәҗ

xal-noun

хунтәҗ • (xuntäj) (plural хунтәҗнр)

Derived from Chinese 皇太子 (huángtàizǐ). Compare тәәҗ (tääj), which does not have a meaning "crown prince". Alveolar /n/ in modern pronunciation might be a result of regressive assimilation.

Khong Tayiji (a Mongolian aristocratic title)

prince (son of a monarch); crown prince (a future monarch)