셋

Of native Jeju origin. Cognate with Korean 셋 (set).


일곱

Likely from Middle Korean 닐굽〮 (nìlkwúp) and cognate with Korean 일곱 (ilgop).


열

From Middle Korean 엻〮 (yélh), from earlier Old Korean 十尸 (*YEl).


이

Sino-Korean word from 二. Cognate with Korean 이 (i).


코끼리

From Middle Korean 고〮키리〮 (kwókhìlí). Cognate to Korean 코끼리 (kokkiri)


칠월

[t͡ɕʰiɭɭwəɭ]


삼

Sino-Korean word from 三. Cognate with Korean 삼 (sam).


뿔

From Middle Korean ᄲᅳᆯ〮 (spúl). Cognate to Korean 뿔 (ppul).


물

Cognate with Korean 물 (mul, “water”), possible cognate with Proto-Tungusic *mū, Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), Manchu ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke), Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river; water”), Mongolian мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Japanese 水 (mizu, “water”).


십

Sino-Korean word from 十 (“ten”), from the Middle Korean reading 십〮 (Yale: síp), from Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip). Cognate with Korean 십 (sip).

열 시 십 분

나 십 원벢이 엇네!


몸

From Middle Korean 몸〮 (mwóm), from earlier Old Korean 身萬 (*MWOma). Cognate with Korean 몸 (mom) and possibly cognate with Proto-Japonic *muy.

몸을 ᄀᆞᆷ다

몸이 놀싹ᄒᆞ다

for one's body to be lacking in strength

유진: 잘 지냅디가? 몸은 ᄒᆞ꼼 어떵ᄒᆞ우꽈?

2012 August 23, 문순덕 [munsundeok, Moon Soon-deok], 오승훈 [oseunghun, Oh Seung-hun], “I. 제주어 배우기 [I. jejueo bae'ugi, How to Speak Jeju Language]”, in 원종섭 [wonjongseop, Won Jong-sup], transl., edited by (주)컴퍼스미디어 [(ju)keompeoseumidieo, Compass Media Ltd.], 제주어와 영어로 ᄀᆞᆮ는 제주 이야기: A Guide to Jeju Spoken in the Language of Jeju and English, 제주발전연구원 [jejubaljeonyeon'guwon]: 양영오 [yang'yeong'o, Yang Young-oh], →ISBN, archived from the original on 2023-01-27, 인사: “요샌 어떵 지냄수과?” [insa: “yosaen eotteong jinaemsugwa?”], page 22:

Yujin: How’s it going? How’s your health?

소연: 느 몸 ᄌᆞ주 ᄀᆞᆷ아사켜.
만수: 나 메날 몸 ᄀᆞᆷ는디.

2017, 양창용 [yangchang'yong, Yang Changyong], 윌리암 오그레디 [william ogeuredi, William O'Grady], 양세종 [yangsejong, Yang Sejung], “4과 등뗑이 막 ᄀᆞᄅᆢᆸ다. [4gwa deungtteng'i mak gawryawpda., Chapter 4 - My back is itchy.]”, in 제주어 1 [jejueo 1, Jeju 1], 퍼플 [peopeul], →ISBN, page 20:

Soyeon: You have to wash your body often.
Mansu: I wash my body every day…

영수 몸 ᄀᆞᆷ아ᇝ일로고?

2020, Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady, “Chapter 7: Sentence Enders”, in Jejueo : the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 205:

I don’t think Yeongsu is taking a bath, right?

밀코룰 보다는 ᄊᆞᆯ이 몸엔 더 좋덴 ᄒᆞ는디 나가 먹기에도 떡 보단은 빵을 더 먹어지는 건 쉑일 수 읏인 겁디다.

2022 November 17, “ᄄᆞᆯ신디 강 감저지지미나 지져줘뒁 오카 [ttawlsindi gang gamjeojijimina jijeojwodwong oka]”, in 제민일보 [jeminilbo]:

Rice is said to be better for the body than flour but I can’t lie that I eat bread more than rice cake.

body (of a human or animal), (by extension) health

몸받다

to receive the power of protection from God

몸엣것

menstrual blood, menstruation (euphemism)

몸정상

a sincere mindset to behave properly before a special day

몸질

to move the body while sleeping without knowing


나흘

From Middle Korean 나ᄋᆞᆯ〮 (nàól), from Proto-Koreanic *ne (“four”) + *hoL (“day”). Cognate with Korean 나흘 (naheul).


열흘

From Middle Korean 열흘 (yelhul), the second morpheme from Proto-Koreanic *hoL (“day”). Cognate with Korean 열흘 (yeolheul).


색깔

[sʰæk̚k͈a̠ɭ]


고장

From Proto-Koreanic *kwoco, cognate to Korean 꽃 (kkot, “flower”).


가사

From Japanese 傘 (kasa, “umbrella, parasol”).


쒜

From Middle Korean 쇠〮 (swóy). Cognate with Korean 쇠 (soe).

쒤 눽이다

쒤 두드리다

쒜처리 쒜 눽연 마께로 두드렷다.

The blacksmith melted the iron and then struck it with a hammer.

Sswecheori sswe nwegyeon makke-ro dudeuryeotda.

진거사가 혈 안 터질 만이만 박안 놔둬신디 그걸 건드려 부난 여시 등이 터젼, 집 다 짓언 쒜를 빤 보난 피가 벌겅케 ᄇᆞᆯ라젼 이서십주.

2015 May 17, “집안 망치젱 하는 여시 죽고…김씨 하르방 가문이 발복 [jiban mangchijeng haneun yeosi jukgo…gimssi hareubang gamuni balbok]”, in 제민일보 [jeminilbo]:

걸륭쒜

direction pointing between good & evil in feng shui

뜬쒜

very flexible and soft iron that never breaks

쒜공이

a nickname given to feeble babies to encourage them to be as strong as iron

쒜공젱이

a nail driven into something to hang/post something else

홍예쒜

iron embedded in the front of a saddle like a rainbow


꼴리

From Middle Korean ᄭᅩ리〮 (skwòlí). Cognate to Korean 꼬리 (kkori)


예순

From Middle Korean 여ᄉᆔᆫ〯 (yèsywǔyn). Cognate to Korean 예순 (yesun).


냉장고

[næŋd͡ʑa̠ŋɡo]

Sino-Korean word from 冷藏庫, likely borrowed directly from Korean 냉장고 (naengjanggo).

냉장고 고망 고망에 술이 하영 ᄌᆞᆸ져젼 셔노난 세무서이서 술 조ᄉᆞ 나왕 술푸데덜 ᄆᆞᆫ 심어가불어시민 좋구다게.

2020 December 27, 김신자 [gimsinja], “술 조ᄉᆞ 나왕 술푸데덜 ᄆᆞᆫ 심어가시민 좋구다 [sul josaw nawang sulpudedeol mawn simeogasimin jokuda]”, in 제주어는 보물이우다 42 [jejueoneun bomuriuda 42], 제민일보 [jeminilbo]:


안개

From Middle Korean 안〯개〮 (ǎnkáy). Cognate to Korean 안개 (an'gae).


이틀

From Middle Korean 이틀〮 (ìthúl), from Proto-Koreanic *it (“two?”) + *hoL (“day”). Cognate with Korean 이틀 (iteul).


사흘

From Middle Korean 사ᄋᆞᆯ〮 (sàól), from Proto-Koreanic *se (“three”) + *hoL (“day”). Cognate with Korean 사흘 (saheul).


제주말

From 제주 (jeju, “Jeju”) + 말 (mal, “speech, language”).


아방

Presumably from Middle Korean 아비〮 (àpí) with a fixed suffix *앙 (*-ang). Compare 어멍 (eomeong), 하르방 (hareubang), 할망 (halmang).
Cognate with Korean 아비 (abi)

Coordinate term: 어멍 (eomeong)

Near-synonyms: (honorific) 아바지 (abaji), (very honorific) 아바님 (abanim), (honorific) 아벰 (abem), (non-polite) 애비 (aebi)

어멍 아방

우리 아바지가 돌아가분 후제 장남인 난 아시 아방이 뒈여사 ᄒᆞ엿수다.

After our father died, as the eldest son, I had to become a father to my siblings.

Uri abaji-ga doragabun huje jangnam-in nan asi abang-i dweyeosa hawyeotsuda.

그 아방에 그 아ᄃᆞᆯ, 그 어멍에 그 ᄄᆞᆯ

geu abang'e geu adawl, geu eomeong'e geu ttawl

like father like son, like mother like daughter

애비아ᄃᆞᆯ이 ᄆᆞᆯ 탕 가민, 이녁 ᄆᆞᆯ 메여 뒁 아방 ᄆᆞᆯ 탄다

aebiadawri mawl tang gamin, inyeok mawl meyeo dwong abang mawl tanda


어멍

Presumably from Middle Korean 어〮미 (émì) with a fixed suffix *엉 (*-eong). Compare 아방 (abang), 하르방 (hareubang), 할망 (halmang).
Cognate with Korean 어미 (eomi)

Coordinate term: 아방 (abang)

Near-synonyms: (honorific) 어멤 (eomem), (for animals) 어시 (eosi), 어머니 (eomeoni)

어멍 아방

어멍은 베 고팡 죽곡, 아인 베 터졍 죽나.
Eomeong-eun be gopang jukgok, ai-n be teojeong jungna.
A mother will always put her child's needs above her own.

literally, “A mother dies of hunger while her child dies with a full stomach.”

우리 어멍은 나가 아는 사름 중에 질 착ᄒᆞᆫ 사름입데다.

My mother is the nicest person that I know.

Uri eomeong-eun na-ga aneun sareum jung-e jil chakhawn sareumipdeda.

아들은 "우리 어멍이 매날처냑 어딜 경 댕겸신곤" 먼 발로 ᄉᆞᆯ째기 조롬에 조창 강 ᄋᆢ상 보곡 ᄒᆞ엿쑤다. 어멍은 아들이 그처록 어멍 조롬을 종그는 중도 몰르고 이신디

1994 January 20 [1958 December 17], 秦聖麒, quoting 오창호 (사귀읍 서호리) [ochangho (sagwieup seohori)], “제2편 지연적 옛말 [je2pyeon jiyeonjeok yenmal]”, in 濟州島民譚: 濟州島 사투리와 옛말, 濟州市 三陽三洞: 제주민속연구소 [jejuminsogyeon'guso], →OCLC, 소제ᄃᆞ리 [sojedawri], page 100:

[T]he son, wondering "where is my mother going every night like this?" followed behind her footsteps, hid, and watched from afar. The mother, not knowing that her son was following her…

어멍 아방 죽엉은에 어떵 살코?

2009, 제주문화예술재단 [jejumunhwayesuljaedan], 개정증보 제주어사전 [gaejeongjeungbo jejueosajeon], 제주특별자치도 [jejuteukbyeoljachido], →ISBN, page 614:

How can I live without my mother and father?

아이고, 숙이 어멍아 정신 ᄎᆞᆯ리라…… 이디서 영 ᄒᆞ멍 안 뒌다! 나가 지신디 못 헤 준 게 핫인디…… 메날 술 먹언 니 속만 타게 헷인예!

2018 December 17, KBS제주 [KBSjeju], 18:49 from the start, in 어멍의 바당 [eomeong'ui badang, My Mother's Sea], episode 11, spoken by 아방 [abang] (고정민 [gojeongmin]), YouTube:

Ahh, my wife (Sook-i's mother), please get better…… You can't do this here! There's so much that I couldn't do for you… I only made you worried with drinking every day!

강 보난 어멍 아방 말 ᄀᆞᆯ아ᇝ이멘.

2020, Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady, Jejueo: The Language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR, 3.1: Informal Sentence Enders Compatible with Both Statements and Questions, page 171:

When I went (there), I saw mother and father talking.

Gang bonan eomeong abang mal gawramsimen.

구시월 수가지 먹젱 ᄒᆞ민 어멍 셍각에 목 단졍 못 먹나

gusiwol sugaji meokjeng hawmin eomeong senggage mok danjeong mot meongna

One's mother will always be in one's mind

궃이나 망장 나 어멍 시민 고운 어멍 엇어도 산다게

guchina mangjang na eomeong simin goun eomeong eoseodo sandage

Even if my mother is bad, as long as I have her, I don't need anyone else

나 어멍은 그리는 애기 놈은 주난 종으로 본다

na eomeong'eun geurineun aegi nomeun junan jong'euro bonda

A precious baby to one's mother, but a slave to someone else

봉ᄉᆞ광 애기 어멍은 ᄀᆞ물수록 좋나

bongsawgwang aegi eomeong'eun gawmulsurok jonna

아방신디 못 ᄀᆞᆮ는 말 어멍신딘 ᄀᆞᆮ나

abangsindi mot gawnneun mal eomeongsindin gawnna

아의어멍

mother of a child; term used to refer to one's wife

애기 어멍 쿰은 닷 뒈, 애기 업게 쿰은 ᄒᆞᆫ 말

aegi eomeong kumeun dat dwe, aegi eopge kumeun hawn mal

eomeong gawtgok abang ttawnang geotgwang eomeong ttawnagok abang gawteun geon matsaji mothawnda

어멍 ᄀᆞᇀ곡 아방 ᄄᆞ낭 것광 어멍 ᄄᆞ나곡 아방 ᄀᆞᇀ은 건 맞사지 못ᄒᆞᆫ다

어멍 ᄄᆞ난 거 달르곡, 아방 ᄄᆞ난 거 달른다

eomeong ttawnan geo dalleugok, abang ttawnan geo dalleunda

a stepfather is different from a stepmother

어멍 셍각은 천년을 가도 못 잊곡 만년을 가도 못 잊나

eomeong senggageun cheonnyeoneul gado mot itgok mannyeoneul gado mot inna

어멍 신덜 어멍 원ᄒᆞ멍 아방 신덜 아방 원ᄒᆞ랴

eomeong sindeol eomeong wonhawmeong abang sindeol abang wonhawrya

어멍 아방안티 눈꿀질ᄒᆞ민 저승 강 대코쟁이로 눈 찔렁 첸다

eomeong abang'anti nunkkuljilhawmin jeoseung gang daekojaeng'iro nun jjilleong chenda

어멍 입에서 소ᄌᆞ 나곡, 각지 입에서 존 서방 난다

eomeong ibeseo sojaw nagok, gakji ibeseo jon seobang nanda

reputations of one's family members is important

어멍ᄀᆞ라 ᄀᆞᆯ은 말은 나곡, 쉐ᄀᆞ라 ᄀᆞᆯ은 말은 안 난다

eomeonggawra gawreun mareun nagok, swegawra gawreun mareun an nanda

어멍안틴 설룬 말 ᄒᆞ곡, 아방안틴 들은 말 ᄒᆞᆫ다

eomeong'antin seollun mal hawgok, abang'antin deureun mal hawnda

어멍은 개 물리멍 빌어온 장, 아방은 ᄒᆞᆫ 굴레에 다 담나

eomeong'eun gae mullimeong bireoon jang, abang'eun hawn gullee da damna

a mother's devotion is stronger than a father's

어멍은 베 고팡 죽곡, 아인 베 터졍 죽곡

eomeong'eun be gopang jukgok, ain be teojeong jukgok

어멍은 빌어온 장, 아방은 ᄆᆞᆯ똥만썩 먹나

eomeong'eun bireoon jang, abang'eun mawlttongmansseok meongna

어멍은 좁ᄊᆞᆯ만썩 빌어오민, 아ᄃᆞᆯ은 ᄆᆞᆯ똥만썩 먹나

eomeong'eun jopssawlmansseok bireoomin, adawreun mawlttongmansseok meongna

A mother will always put her child first

유월 물이 그립덴 헤도 어멍보단 더 안 그립나

yuwol muri geuripden hedo eomeongbodan deo an geurimna

One misses one's mother more than anything

젓어멍

one who makes the food on wedding day; wet nurse

족은어멍

father's younger brother's wife; father's youngest brother's wife

지서멍

wife (humble); a steady wife who governs the affairs of the family

할망 콩죽으로 안 살앙 어멍 젯으로 산다

halmang kongjugeuro an sarang eomeong jeseuro sanda

A mother will always be there for her child


할망

Compare Korean 할매 (halmae), 할머니 (halmeoni).


가시아방

From 가시 (gasi, “wife's”) + 아방 (abang, “father”). Cognate with Korean 가시아버지 (gasiabeoji).

가시아방은 어디 갓수과?


사름

From Middle Korean 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (sǎlòm), from Old Korean 人音 (*SALOm). Cognate to Korean 사람 (saram).


음묵

→ Korean: 음목 (eummok)


제집

(Seogwipo, offensive or archaic) woman, girl


ᄉᆞ랑

From Middle Korean ᄉᆞ라ᇰ (solang). Cognate with Korean 사랑 (sarang).


송키

From Jurchen; see Korean 푸성귀 (puseonggwi) for more.


졍찰

[t͡ɕəŋt͡ɕʰa̠ɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 警察, from Japanese 警察 (keisatsu).


지집아의

Cognate to Korean 계집아이 (gyejibai), from 지집 (jijip, “woman”) + 아의 (aui, “child”).


ᄋᆢᄃᆞᆸ

From Old Korean *ᄋᆢᄃᆞᆲ (*yotolp), see more at Korean 여덟 (yeodeol).


ᄉᆞ투리

(linguistics) dialect (variety of a language)


ᄒᆞ나

From Middle Korean ᄒᆞ낳 (honah). Possibly related to Old Korean 一等 (*HOton(h), *HAton(h)). Cognate with Korean 하나 (hana).


비헹기

Sino-Korean word from 飛行機. Cognate to Korean 비행기 (bihaenggi).


ᄌᆞ영거

ᄌᆞ영개 ᄌᆞ영개#Jeju

Josu and Gasi form of ᄌᆞ영개 (jawyeonggae, “bicycle”)


벵완

Sino-Korean word from 病院. An orthographic borrowing from Japanese 病(びょう)院(いん) (byōin) and cognate with Korean 병원 (byeong'won).

(South Korean law) a medical facility capable of handling 30 or more patients at a time


설룬

Of native Jeju origin. Cognate to Korean 서른 (seoreun).


벡

Sino-Korean word from 百 (“one hundred”), from the Middle Korean reading ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk), from Middle Chinese 百 (MC paek). Cognate with Korean 백 (baek).

경ᄒᆞᆫ디, 느네 할망 멧 ᄉᆞᆯ고? — 벡 ᄉᆞᆯ이여.

By the way, how old is your grandmother? — She's 100 years old.

Gyeonghawndi, neu-ne halmang met sawl-go? - bek sawr-i-yeo.


벡

벡— (canonical)
bek- (romanization)
白 (hanja)

Sino-Korean word from 白 (“white”). Cognate with Korean 백 (baek).

벡몰레


마은

Likely borrowed from Early Modern Korean 마은 (maun), from earlier Middle Korean 마ᅀᆞᆫ (mazon). The traditional reflex would have preserved a /s/ in the second syllable, creating Jeju *마슨 (*maseun) from a reconstructed Old Korean *마ᄉᆞᆫ (*MASON), provided that it's not a borrowing. However, this form is completely unattested in the Hangul script. Cognate with Korean 마흔 (maheun).


빨강ᄒᆞ다

head

빨강ᄒᆞ다 (ppalganghawda) (infinitive 빨강헨 or 빨강헹 or 빨강ᄒᆞ연 or 빨강ᄒᆞ영, sequential 빨강ᄒᆞ난)

ppalganghawda (romanization)
빨강헨 (infinitive)
빨강헹 (infinitive)
빨강ᄒᆞ연 (infinitive)
빨강ᄒᆞ영 (infinitive)
빨강ᄒᆞ난 (sequential)

[p͈a̠ɭɡa̠ŋɦɒda̠]

Of native Jeju origin. Tense form of 발강ᄒᆞ다 (balganghawda, “to be red”), likely from Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆰ다 (polkta, “to be red”) + 앙 (-ang, “sequential suffix”) + ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hota, light verb whence modern ᄒᆞ다 (hawda)). Compare Jeju ᄇᆞᆰ다 (bawkda, “to be bright”). Cognate with Korean 빨갛다 (ppalgata).

okm-l

light verb whence modern <i class="Kore mention" lang="jje">ᄒᆞ다</i> (hawda)

빨강ᄒᆞ다:

봄읜 빨강ᄒᆞᆫ 고장이 하영 핀다.

Bom-uin ppalganghawn gojang-i hayeong pinda.


가달

From Proto-Koreanic *katoL (“something forked or split from each other”).


김끼

kimchi, a dish made with fermented, seasoned vegetables


오널

From Middle Korean 오ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (wònól), from 온〮 (Yale: wón, “which has come”, adnominal form of "to come") + Proto-Koreanic *hoL (“day”), etymologically "day that has come". Cognate with Korean 오늘 (oneul).

okm-inline

오널은 ᄎᆞᄋᆢᆺ쉐마씸

Today is the sixth (day of the lunar calendar).

오널 메틀이고?

2020, Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady, Jejueo : the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 90:


오널

오널은 나가 할망칩이 갓수다.

할망이 오널 산더레 가큰옌 들어라.

2020, Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady, Jejueo : the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 246:

Grandma asked (me) whether I want to go to the grave today.

Halmang-i oneol san-deore gakeunyen deureora.


그지게

day before yesterday
day before yesterday


새벡

dawn; daybreak; cockcrow (also used to indicate time of the day, approximately from 1:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m.)


ᄋᆢ름

Of native Jeju origin. Cognate with Korean 여름 (yeoreum).


장그르헤

[t͡ɕa̠ŋɡɨɾɨɦe]


ᄀᆞ을

Likely borrowed from Early Modern Korean ᄀᆞ을 (koul), from Middle Korean ᄀᆞᅀᆞᆶ (kozolh), from earlier Old Korean 秋察 (*KOsol, *KOcol). The traditional reflex would have preserved the original /s/ as seen in doublets ᄀᆞ슬 (gawseul) and ᄀᆞ실 (gawsil). Cognate with Korean 가을 (ga'eul).

bor+

ᄀᆞ슬 ᄀᆞ슬#Jeju

Synonym of ᄀᆞ슬 (gawseul, “autumn, fall”)


이로후제

the time following a given point in time; thenceforth


성님

From 성 (seong, “older brother of a male”) + 님 (nim, “honorific suffix”).

com

honorific of 성 (seong, “older brother of a male”)


조선ᄀᆞᆫ장

[t͡ɕosʰənɡɒɲd͡ʑa̠ŋ]

From 조선 (joseon, “Korea”) + ᄀᆞᆫ장 (gawnjang, “soy sauce”).


왜ᄀᆞᆫ장

[weɡɒɲd͡ʑa̠ŋ]

From 왜 (wae, “Japanese”) + ᄀᆞᆫ장 (gawnjang, “soy sauce”).


ᄆᆞ슴

From Old Korean 心音 (*MOSOm). This reflex preserves the /s/ as found in the Old Korean form and southern Modern Korean dialects, compared to its doublet ᄆᆞ음 (maweum), which was borrowed directly from Early Modern Korean. Cognate with Korean 마음 (ma'eum).


ᄎᆞᆷ지름

[t͡ɕʰɒmd͡ʑiɾɨm]


둠비

Sino-Korean word from 豆腐 (“bean curd, tofu”), obscured via nasal epenthesis and vowel fronting. Cognate with Korean 두부 (dubu).

ko-etym-sino

둠비는 ᄃᆞᆺᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞᆯ 때 먹어사 제 맛이 납주.

You need to eat tofu when it is hot for its full flavor.

Dumbi-neun dawtdawthawl ttae meogeosa je mas-i napju.

큰일 땐 둠비 헤여사 ᄒᆞ여.

2009, 제주문화예술제단 [jejumunhwayesuljedan], 개정증보 제주어 사전 [gaejeongjeungbo jejueo sajeon], 제주 특별 자치도 [jeju teukbyeol jachido], page 284:

When there is a big event, we need to make tofu.

[...] 둠비 듬상듬상 썰어놘 짐치찌겔 낄린거 보난 [...] 니치름이 잘잘 납데다게.

2020 June 4, 김신자 [gimsinja], “양, 도세기만도 못ᄒᆞᆫ 성님아, 어드레 감수과? [yang, dosegimando mothawn seongnima, eodeure gamsugwa?]”, in 제주어는 보물이우다 14. 돗걸름 내는 날 [jejueoneun bomuriuda 14. dotgeolleum naeneun nal], 제민일보 [jeminilbo]:

Seeing the Kimchi stew with large pieces of tofu … made my mouth water.


웨하르방

From 웨 (we, “outside”) + 하르방 (hareubang, “grandfather”).

com

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather


셍일날

[sʰeŋiɭɭa̠ɭ]

셍일 (seng'il, “birthday”) + 날 (nal, “day”).

느 셍일날 어느제고? — 구월 수무ᄒᆞ루마씸.

Neu seng'illal eoneuje-go? - guwol sumuhawru-massim.


얘펜

Sino-Korean word from 阿片. Cognate with Korean 아편 (apyeon).


몰레

Likely from Middle Korean 몰애〮 (mwòláy), though the change from 애 (ae) to 에 (e) is unexplained. See cognate Korean 모래 (morae) as well.


궤다

head

궤다 (gweda) (infinitive 궨 or 궹 or 궤연 or 궤영, sequential 궤난)

gweda (romanization)
궨 (infinitive)
궹 (infinitive)
궤연 (infinitive)
궤영 (infinitive)
궤난 (sequential)

From Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆸ다 (kopta). Cognate with Korean 괴다 (goeda).

(intransitive) to pool, for water to gather up


궤다

From Middle Korean 괴다 (kwoyta). Cognate with Korean 괴다 (goeda).

죽엉 가민 썩어질 궤기, 미정 궤정 놈이나 궤라.

2009, 제주 문화 예술 재단 [jeju munhwa yesul jaedan], “궤다³ [gweda³]”, in 개정 증보 제주어 사전 [gaejeong jeungbo jejueo sajeon], 제주 특별 자치도 [jeju teukbyeol jachido], →ISBN, page 102:


ᄌᆞᆷ자다

Univerbation of ᄌᆞᆷ (jawm) + 자다 (jada), literally “To sleep a sleep”. Compare Korean 잠자다 (jamjada).

univ

ᄒᆞ를헤원 쉬지 아니ᄒᆞ곡 일만 ᄒᆞ단 집이 들어오라근에 말 읏이 기냥 방이 간 밤ᄉᆞ이 죽은 듯기 ᄌᆞᆷ잡데다게.

After working all day with no rest, she came home, just went to her room without saying a word, and slept all night like a baby.

Hawreulhewon swiji anihawgok il-man hawdan jib-i deureoorageune mal eusi ginyang bang-i gan bamsawi jugeun deutgi jawmjapdedage.


남인가장

Sino-Korean word from 男人家長. From 남인 (namin, “man”) + 가장 (gajang, “the head of a family”)


ᄄᆞᆯ

Coordinate term: 아덜 (adeol)


아덜

Coordinate term: ᄄᆞᆯ (ttawl)


손지

Sino-Korean word from 孫子. Cognate with Korean 손자 (sonja).


하늘님

From 하늘 (haneul, “heaven”) + 님 (-nim, honorific suffix).


퍼렁ᄒᆞ다

[pʰəɾəŋɦɒda̠]


꺼멍ᄒᆞ다

[k͈əməŋɦɒda̠]

Of native Jeju origin. The tense form of 거멍ᄒᆞ다 (geomeonghawda).


까망ᄒᆞ다

Of native Jeju origin. The tense form of 가망ᄒᆞ다 (gamanghawda).


어스럼새벨

[əsʰɨɾəmsʰæbeɭ]


아벰

From 아방 (abang, “father”) + 님 (nim, “honorific suffix”).


홀아방

[ɸʷoɾa̠ba̠ŋ]

widower (a man whose wife has died and who has not remarried)


홀어멍

widow (a woman whose husband has died and who has not remarried)


성제

Sino-Korean word from 兄弟. Cognate with Korean 형제 (hyeongje).


매비

brother-in-law (younger sister's husband)


족은아방

paternal uncle (father's married younger brother)


큰어멍

큰 (keun-, “eldest, first-born”) + 어멍 (eomeong, “mother”). Compare Korean 큰어머니 (keuneomeoni).

셋어멍

father's second brother's wife (of three or more)

족은말젯어멍

father's fourth brother's wife (of five);father's fifth brother's wife (of six)

큰말젯어멍

father's third brother's wife (of five or more)

Near-synonym: (usually honorific) 큰어머니 (keuneomeoni)

Coordinate term: 큰아방 (keunabang)

Comeronyms: 고모 (gomo, “father's sister”), 이모 (imo, “mother's sister”), (honorific) 웨숙모 (wesungmo, “mother's brother's wife”), 예펜웨삼춘 (yepenwesamchun, “mother's brother's wife”)

잇날 다슴애기 ᄄᆞᆯ ᄒᆞ나 ᄃᆞᆯ안. 큰어멍 죽어 부난 큰어멍에도 ᄄᆞᆯ이 ᄒᆞ나 싯고 족은어멍에도 ᄄᆞᆯ을 ᄒᆞ나 ᄃᆞᆯ안 와신디.

2009, 제주 문화 예술 재단 [jeju munhwa yesul jaedan], “다슴애기 [daseum-aegi]”, in 개정 증보 제주어 사전 [gaejeong jeungbo jejueo sajeon], 제주 특별 자치도 [jeju teukbyeol jachido], →ISBN, page 216:

게도 잊어불도 안ᄒᆞ연 우리 어멍광 큰어멍이 ᄒᆞᆫ디 불러가민 의좋은 동세찌리 보기가 잘도 좋아나십주. 지금은 아랫동세가 ᄆᆞ녀 저 시상이 가부난 큰어멍 혼차 ᄀᆞ레 ᄀᆞ는 소릴 중은중은 흥으려가멍 정기떡을 멘들아마씀.

2017 October 27, 김신자 [gimsinja], “정기떡 [jeonggitteok]”, in 제주어보전회 제주어는 보물이우다134 [jejueobojeonhoe - jejueoneun bomuriuda134, Jeju Preservation Society], archived from the original on 2021-10-21:

(uncommon) aunt (father's older brother's wife)

aunt (father's eldest brother's wife)
aunt (father's older brother's wife)


족은어멍

[t͡ɕoɡɨnəməŋ]

maternal uncle (mother's married younger brother)


씨동승

[ɕ͈idoŋsʰɨŋ]

brother-in-law (younger brother of one's husband)


씨아주방

brother-in-law (brother of one's husband)


성하르방

[sʰəŋɦa̠ɾɨba̠ŋ]

From 성 (seong) + 하르방 (hareubang, “grandfather”).

com

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather


줴께

From Japanese チョッキ (chokki), from Portuguese jaqueta. Cognate with Korean 조끼 (jokki).


빈내

Alternative form of 빈네 (binne, “hairpin”)


만뒤떡

mandu, a form of dumpling in Korean cuisine


사름수질

A kind of Korean dessert made with sugar, rice, and powdered beans.


베조개

Manila clam, Tapes philippinarum (edible clams; often cooked with rice congees in Korea)


칠뤌

[t͡ɕʰiɭɭwəɭ]

Sino-Korean word from 七月. Cognate with Korean 칠월 (chirwol).


쒜낙마

East Asian rainy season between spring and summer


삐얌

From Middle Korean ᄲᅡᆷ (spam). Cognate with Korean 뺨 (ppyam).


이멩이

Equivalent to Korean 이망 (imang, “forehead”) with noun-suffix 이 (-i) attached, provoking umlaut in the preceding vowel.


어시

From Old Korean 母史 (*Esi). Cognate with Korean 어이 (eoi).

(rare outside of compounds) parents, mother (of an animal)


입중

From 입 (ip, “mouth”) + 중 (jung, “middle”).


식게

sacrificial rites in honor of an ancestor or god.


바툼

a consonant or consonant cluster in the final position of hangul orthography


발강ᄒᆞ다

head

발강ᄒᆞ다 (balganghawda) (infinitive 발강헨 or 발강헹 or 발강ᄒᆞ연 or 발강ᄒᆞ영, sequential 발강ᄒᆞ난)

balganghawda (romanization)
발강헨 (infinitive)
발강헹 (infinitive)
발강ᄒᆞ연 (infinitive)
발강ᄒᆞ영 (infinitive)
발강ᄒᆞ난 (sequential)

[pa̠ɭɡa̠ŋɦɒda̠]

Likely from Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆰ다 (polkta, “to be red”) + 앙 (-ang, “sequential suffix”) + ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hota, light verb whence modern ᄒᆞ다 (hawda)). Compare Jeju ᄇᆞᆰ다 (bawkda, “to be bright”). Cognate with Korean 발갛다 (balgata).


요왕

(mythology) Dragon King (the god of water and weather)


공븨ᄒᆞ다

head

공븨ᄒᆞ다 (gongbuihawda) (infinitive 공븨헨 or 공븨헹 or 공븨ᄒᆞ연 or 공븨ᄒᆞ영, sequential 공븨ᄒᆞ난)

gongbuihawda (romanization)
공븨헨 (infinitive)
공븨헹 (infinitive)
공븨ᄒᆞ연 (infinitive)
공븨ᄒᆞ영 (infinitive)
공븨ᄒᆞ난 (sequential)

공븨(工夫) (gongbui, “study”) + ᄒᆞ다 (hawda, “to do”). Cognate with Korean 공부하다 (gongbuhada).

compound

무신거 공븨ᄒᆞ엿우과?

제줏말 공븨헤ᇝ저.

언치냑 만수ᄒᆞ곡 미나가 공븨ᄒᆞ레 우리 집의 왓우다.

2017, 양창용 [yangchang'yong, Yang Changyong], 윌리암 오그레디 [william ogeuredi, William O'Grady], 양세종 [yangsejong, Yang Sejung], 제주어 1 [jejueo 1, Jeju 1], 퍼플, →ISBN, page 90:

Last night Mansu and Mina came to our house to study.


ᄂᆞᄆᆞᆯ

From Middle Korean ᄂᆞᄆᆞᆶ (nòmòlh). Cognate to Korean 나물 (namul).


선싕

Sino-Korean word from 先生. Cognate with Korean 선생 (seonsaeng)

누게 선싕마씸?

는 어느제부떠 선싕이란디아?

2020, Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady, Jejueo : the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 194:

선싕은 메날 어드레 ᄃᆞᆮ심?

2020, Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady, Jejueo : the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 208:


베와주다

head

베와주다 (bewajuda) (infinitive 베와주언 or 베와주엉 or 베와줜 or 베와줭, sequential 베와주난)

bewajuda (romanization)
베와주언 (infinitive)
베와주엉 (infinitive)
베와줜 (infinitive)
베와줭 (infinitive)
베와주난 (sequential)

From 베우다 (be'uda, “to learn”) + 아 (-a, “infinitive suffix”) + 주다 (juda, “to do for the benefit of”, auxiliary verb). Compare Korean 배워주다 (baewojuda).

affix

오널은 우리 선싕님이 한국말 베와줜마씀.

Oneor-eun uri seonsuingnim-i han'gungmal bewajwon-masseum.

만순 영얼 잘 ᄒᆞ난, 우리신듸 영얼 베와주곡, 소영인 선싕 ᄀᆞᆯ은 말을 잘 ᄌᆞᆨ으난, 이녁 자꾸장에 ᄌᆞᆨ은 거 ᄆᆞᆫ 베와줫어마씸.

2017, 양창용 [yangchang'yong, Yang Changyong], 윌리암 오그레디 [william ogeuredi, William O'Grady], 양세종 [yangsejong, Yang Sejung], “12과 언치냑 궨당칩의 갓저. [12gwa eonchinyak gwendangchibui gatjeo.]”, in 제주어 1 [jejueo 1, Jeju 1], 퍼플, →ISBN, page 90:

Mansu speaks English well so he taught us English, and Soyeong takes class notes well, so she taught/showed us everything that's in her notebook.


새각시

[sʰæɡa̠kɕ͈i]

From Middle Korean 새각시 (saykaksi). Cognate to Korean 색시 (saeksi). Equivalent to 새 (sae, “new”) + 각시 (gaksi, “wife”).


고낭귀국

A soup made by adding chicken and soybean paste.


넛하르방

[nətʰa̠ɾɨba̠ŋ]

Cognate with Korean 넛할아버지 (neotharabeoji).


미리헤치

(astrology) The year of the dragon, the fifth year in the cycle of twelve years under the lunar calendar.


ᄂᆞᄆᆞᆯ국

From ᄂᆞᄆᆞᆯ (nawmawl, “greens”) + 국 (guk, “soup”).


성아시

From 성 (seong, “elder brother”) + 아시 (asi, “younger brother”).


천징

[t͡ɕʰəɲd͡ʑiŋ]


사포

From French chapeau. Cognate with Korean 샤포 (syapo).


시왕맞이

From 시왕 (siwang, “the ten kings”) + 맞이 (maji).

affix

(shamanism) a ritual performed in honor of the ten kings of the underworld.


돌하르방

[toɾɦa̠ɾɨba̠ŋ]

(shamanism) a stone statue used to protect villages in Jeju Island


동셍

Sino-Korean word from 同生. Cognate with Korean 동생 (dongsaeng).


메누리

From Middle Korean 며느〮리〮 (myènúlí). Cognate with Korean 며느리 (myeoneuri).


왕할망

From 왕 (wang, “king”) + 할망 (halmang, “grandmother”).


섣ᄃᆞᆯ

From Middle Korean 섯ᄃᆞᆯ (ses.tol). Cognate with Korean 섣달 (seotdal).


벤호사

Sino-Korean word from 辯護士 (“lawyer”), an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 弁護士(べんごし) (bengoshi). Cognate with Korean 변호사 (byeonhosa), Hakka 辯護士 /辩护士 (phien-fu-sṳ), and Min Nan 辯護士 /辩护士 (piān-hō͘-sū, piǎn-hō͘-sǐr).

cog

가이 존 벤호사인지도 몰르켜.

가의 벤호사마씸.

2017, 양창용 [yangchang'yong, Yang Changyong], 윌리암 오그레디 [william ogeuredi, William O'Grady], 양세종 [yangsejong, Yang Sejung], 제주어 1 [jejueo 1, Jeju 1], 퍼플, →ISBN, page 5:

lawyer, solicitor, counsel, attorney, barrister


도데

Borrowed from Japanese 灯台(とうだい) (tōdai, “lighthouse”).


공븨

Sino-Korean word from 工夫, from 工 (“labour, work”) + 夫 (“man”). Cognate with Korean 공부 (gongbu).

ko-etym-Sino

시엄 공븨

2017, 양창용 [yangchang'yong, Yang Changyong], 윌리암 오그레디 [william ogeuredi, William O'Grady], 양세종 [yangsejong, Yang Sejung], 제주어 1 [jejueo 1, Jeju 1], 퍼플 [peopeul], →ISBN, page 90:

공븬 느냥으로 헤산다.

2020, Changyong Yang, Sejung Yang, William O'Grady, Jejueo : the language of Korea’s Jeju Island, Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai‘i Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 51:

You must study by yourself (of your accord).


ᄎᆞᆯ레

무신거 멩글 거라마씸? — ᄎᆞᆯ레마씀.

What are you going to make? — Side dishes.

Musin'geo menggeul geo-ra-massim? - chawlle-masseum.

나 ᄎᆞᆯ레 멩글아ᇝ저.
 느 혼차 멩글멘?
 ᄋᆞ게, 나가 ᄎᆞᆯ레 잘 멩글아.

2017, 양창용 [yangchang'yong, Yang Changyong], 윌리암 오그레디 [william ogeuredi, William O'Grady], 양세종 [yangsejong, Yang Sejung], 제주어 1 [jejueo 1, Jeju 1], 퍼플 [peopeul], →ISBN, page 91:

I'm making side dishes.
 You're making them all by yourself?
Yes, I'm very good at making them.

집이 ᄎᆞᆯ레가 마농지만 이서부난 부치로완 못 싸왓수다

2018 October 14, 김신자 [gimsinja], “ᄌᆞ베기 [jawbegi]”, in 제주어보전회 [jejueobojeonhoe, Jeju Preservation Society]:

Since we only had manongji for side dishes, I was too shy to pack some to bring.

나 ᄎᆞᆯ레 멩긂.


열쒜

From 열— (yeol-, “to open”) + 쒜 (sswe, “metal”). Compare Korean 열쇠 (yeolsoe).

compound

문을 열쒜로 ᄌᆞᆼ그다


ᄌᆞᆫ가시

[t͡ɕɒnɡa̠ɕʰi]

From ᄌᆞᆫ (jawn-, “small, slender; from the verb ᄌᆞᆯ다 (jawlda)”) + 가시 (gasi, “thorn, fish bone”). Compare Korean 잔가시 (jan'gasi)


미국나팔꽃

미국 (miguk) + 나팔 (napal) + 꽃 (kkot), not to be confused with Korean 미국나팔꽃 (migungnapalkkot).

Campsis grandiflora
Campsis grandiflora#Translingual

Chinese trumpet vine
Chinese trumpet vine

(botany) Campsis grandiflora (Chinese trumpet vine)

(botany) the flower of the Campsis grandiflora


주리

Borrowed from Japanese 釣(つ)り (tsuri, “change”).

change (money given back when a customer hands over more than the exact price of an item)


어스름

Cognate with Middle Korean 어ᅀᅳ름 (èzùlùm) and Korean 어스름 (eoseureum), likely from a substantive of an unattested adjective, as exemplified in dialectal 어슬먹 (eoseulmeok).


젱

Sino-Korean word from 錚. Cognate with Korean 쟁 (jaeng).

kkwaenggwari (a small brass gong used in Korean folk music)


도치

Inherited from Middle Korean 돗귀 (twǒskwúy). Cognate to Korean 도끼 (dokki)


ᄀᆞ슬

From Old Korean 秋察 (*KOsol(h), *KOcol(h)). This reflex preserves the /s/ as found in the Old Korean form and southern Modern Korean dialects, compared to its doublet ᄀᆞ을 (gaweul), which was borrowed directly from Early Modern Korean. Cognate with Korean 가을 (ga'eul).
Perhaps related to ᄀᆞᆺ다 (gawtda, “to cut”) & ᄀᆞ새 (gawsae, “scissors”).

ᄀᆞ슬이 뒈민 단풍이 곱닥ᄒᆞ게 드는게.

The leaves turn beautiful colors when autumn comes.

Gawseur-i dwemin danpung-i gopdakhawge deuneun'ge.

ᄋᆢ름이 가곡 ᄀᆞ슬이 왓이쿠데 시주그랑ᄒᆞᆫ 갈ᄇᆞ름이 분덴마씀.

They say a chill westerly wind blows because summer has gone and autumn has arrived.

Yawreum-i gagok gawseur-i wasikude sijugeuranghawn galbawreum-i bunden-masseum.

나 인생에 ᄀᆞ슬이 들민 나는 나신디, 사름덜을 ᄉᆞ랑헤시냐 들을 거우다.
나는 게베운 ᄆᆞ음으로 ᄀᆞᆯ을 수 싯게, 나는 지금 사름덜을 하영 ᄉᆞ랑ᄒᆞ쿠다.

2016 September 30, “아아 으악새 슬피우니 [aa euaksae seulpiuni]”, in 양전형의 제주어로 읽는 세상사 18 [yangjeonhyeong'ui jejueoro ingneun sesangsa 18], 제주어보전회 [jejueobojeonhoe], 윤동주의 詩 『나 인생에 ᄀᆞ을이 오민』 중 중략한 일부:

When autumn comes into my life, I ask myself if I've ever loved people.
For me to answer light-heartedly then, I will love more people now.

요세, 제주섬에 미깡이 곱들락ᄒᆞ게 잘 익어 가ᇝ이메 베껫드레 나상 ᄀᆞ슬 ᄆᆞ까지기 전의 하영 베려봅서 양?

2018 November 2, 양창용 [yangchang'yong], “미깡 익어져가민 제주 ᄀᆞ슬도 지퍼지는 거라 양!! [mikkang igeojeogamin jeju gawseuldo jipeojineun geora yang!!]”, in 제주어의 세상여행 54. 귤 [jejueoui sesang'yeohaeng 54. gyul], 제민일보 [jeminilbo]:

Now, since tangerines on Jeju Island are ripening beautifully, how about going outside to take a look before autumn is over?

ᄀᆞ슬 들어사믄 사농헐 준비헙주게.

2021, 강영봉 [gang'yeongbong], 김순자 [gimsunja], “100: ᄀᆞ실 [100: gawsil]”, in 제주어 기초어휘 활용 사전 [jejueo gicho'eohwi hwaryong sajeon, A Dictionary of Basic Jeju Vocabulary], 한그루 [han'geuru], pages 366-367:

We get ready to hunt when autumn arrives.

ᄀᆞ슬 ᄂᆞᆷ삐 거죽 두터우민 저슬에 춥나

gawseul nawmppi geojuk duteoumin jeoseure chumna

Heavy fall radish skins lead to a cold winter

ᄀᆞ슬ᄒᆞ다

harvesting crops such as wheat and barley

ᄀᆞ슬눌

a container used for collecting cut grain

ᄀᆞ슬치기

a group that goes to the plowing field early in spring

ᄀᆞ슬팟

a field that has not been plowed from autumn harvest till spring

저를 엇인 보리 ᄀᆞ슬 땐 가시아방 오민 조롬으로도 절ᄒᆞᆯ 틈앙 엇나

jeoreul eosin bori gawseul ttaen gasiabang omin joromeurodo jeolhawl teumang eonna.

During a busy harvest season, you don't even have time to greet your father-in-law


아시

rake used to scoop up algae washed up on the beach


ᄆᆞᆷ

From Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆯ〮 (mól). Cognate to Korean 말 (mal).

Sargassum fulvellum
Wikispecies:Sargassum fulvellum


빈네

From Middle Korean 빈혀 (pìnhyè). Cognate to Korean 비녀 (binyeo).


ᄉᆞ미

From Middle Korean ᄉᆞ〮ᄆᆡ〮 (sómóy). Cognate to Korean 소매 (somae)


새스방

[sʰæsʰɨba̠ŋ]

From Middle Korean 새셔방 (saysyepang). Cognate to Korean 새서방 (saeseobang).

Coordinate term: 새각시 (saegaksi)


메쥐

From Middle Korean 며주〮 (myècwú). Cognate to Korean 메주 (meju).

(cooking) block of fermented beans, used to make doenjang


ᄒᆞ라체

[hɒɾa̠t͡ɕʰe]

From ᄒᆞ라 (hawra, formal, non-polite imperative of ᄒᆞ다 (hawda, “to do”)) + 체(體) (che, “style”). Calque of Korean 해라체 (haerache).

compound

formal, non-polite imperative of <i class="Kore mention" lang="jje">ᄒᆞ다</i> (hawda, “to do”)

(linguistics, rare) The formal, non-polite speech level in Jeju; otherwise known as the plain form or plain style.


ᄀᆞ실

ᄀᆞ슬 ᄀᆞ슬#Jeju

Alternative form of ᄀᆞ슬 (gawseul, “autumn; fall”)

ᄀᆞ실바령

Fertilizing of the fields between Cheoseo and Sanggang

ᄀᆞ실방둔

Release of cows to the mountain between the autumn harvest and the arrival of frost

ᄀᆞ실쉐

Cows that are fed in the grass fields after the harvest is over


ᄆᆞᆮ이

From Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆮ (mot). Cognate to Korean 맏이 (maji).


ᄑᆞᆯ쥐거리

[pʰɒʎd͡ʑwiɡəɾi]

ᄑᆞᆯ둑거리 ᄑᆞᆯ둑거리#Jeju

Alternative form of ᄑᆞᆯ둑거리 (pawldukgeori): bracelet, bangle


둠빗주시

From 둠비 (dumbi, “bean curd, tofu”) + 주시 (jusi, “dregs, remnants”).


ᄃᆞᆯ력

Compound of ᄃᆞᆯ (dawl, “month”) + 력 (ryeok, “calendar”), probably calqued off of Korean 달력 (dallyeok, “calendar”).


네시

gat (a traditional Korean hat made of horsehair, once worn by married gentlemen)