ku

Shortened form of aku, from Old Javanese aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.


ingsun

Niyat ingsun matak aji Semar ngising.

I want to cast a spell to make Semar defecate.


ꦲꦏꦸ

dalem (romanization)
kula (romanization)
ꦏꦸ (alternative clitic)

From Old Javanese aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.

The personal pronouns may vary depending on the dialect

The second and third person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms

ꦲꦏꦸꦭꦒꦶꦩꦔꦤ꧀꧉

I, me, my (first person singular pronoun)

(when placed after a noun) my (first person singular possesive pronoun)


ꦏꦸ

Shortened form of ꦲꦏꦸ (aku), from Old Javanese aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *aku, from Proto-Austronesian *aku.


dhèwèké

head

dhèwèké (ngoko dhèwèké, krama piyambakipun)


ꦢꦊꦩ꧀

dalem (romanization)
kula (romanization)
ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (alternative)
دالٓم (alternative)
dalêm (alternative)
ndalem (alternative)

From Old Javanese dalem, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daləm, from Proto-Austronesian *daləm.

a term of address for person of an aristocratic family

ꦏꦒꦸꦔꦤ꧀ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ꦱꦶꦠꦶꦔ꧀ꦒꦶꦭ꧀꧉

Sitinggil the property of His/Her/Your Majesty


ꦏꦩꦶ

From Old Javanese kami, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kami, from Proto-Austronesian *kami.

we, us, our (exclusive of the person spoken to)


ꦏꦸꦭ

adalem (romanization)
kula (romanization)

→ Malay: kula

→ Musi: kulo

Inherited from Old Javanese kula (“family, descent, origin”), from Sanskrit कुल (kula, “family; clan; lineage; herd; flock”).


ꦥꦚ꧀ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦔꦤ꧀

panyjenengan (romanization)
sampéyan (romanization)
kowé (romanization)
panjenengan (romanization)

Affixed ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ (jeneng, “name”) + ꦥꦤ꧀- -ꦲꦤ꧀ (pan- -han), inherited from Old Javanese pañjĕnĕṅan (“stand, established position, function”).

inh+

ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ#Javanese


ꦏꦥꦤ꧀

desctree

→ Malay: kapan
> Indonesian: kapan (inherited)


ꦲꦤ

ana (romanization)
ꦲꦤꦼ (alternative)
ono (alternative)

Standard Pronunciation, Arekan, Surakarta–Yogyakarta, Madiun–Kediri–Blitar, Surabaya-Malang

Inherited from Old Javanese hana (“to be, exist, stay; being, existence; place of sojourn”).

inh+

(ngoko, Yogyakarta, Semarang) there is/are; to be


ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧ

Inherited from Old Javanese amba, hamba (“servant, common soldier, comrade”), from Sanskrit.


ꦲꦥ

Inherited from Old Javanese apa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *apa.


ꦥꦸꦤꦥ

Inherited from Old Javanese punapa. Compare Balinese ᬧᬸᬦᬧᬶ (punapi).


ꦩꦤꦶꦫ

→ Malay: manira
Indonesian: manira

Inherited from Old Javanese manira (“first personal pronoun”).

inh+

(bagongan, kadhaton) I (first personal pronoun)


ꦱꦥ

Javanese register set
 ꦏꦿꦩ (krama): ꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (sinten)
 ꦔꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ (ngoko): ꦱꦥ (sapa)
Inherited from Old Javanese sapa, syapa (“who (interrogative pronoun)”).

inh+

(interrogative, ngoko) who: What person or people; which person or people; asks for the identity of someone; used in a direct or indirect question.


ꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀

head

ꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (sinten)


ꦏꦶꦠ

plural inclusive first person pronoun, we


ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ

ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ (kowé)

panyjenengan (romanization)
sampéyan (romanization)
kowé (romanization)

→ Indonesian: kowe

From Old Javanese ko (“second person pronoun”), possibly suffixed with -(n)é (“third person oblique enclitic”).


ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦪꦤ꧀

head

ꦱꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦪꦤ꧀ (sampéyan)

Compare Malay sampai (“to arrive; to reach”) + -ꦲꦤ꧀ (-an).

af

Malay <i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">sampai</i> (“to arrive; to reach”)

ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ#Javanese


ꦠꦶꦪꦁ

Inherited from Old Javanese tihaṅ, tiyaṅ (“mast, pole, pillar”).


ꦲꦶꦚꦺꦴꦁ

ꦲꦺꦚꦺꦴꦁ ꦲꦺꦚꦺꦴꦁ#Javanese

(dialect) alternative spelling of ꦲꦺꦚꦺꦴꦁ (ènyong)


ꦲꦺꦚꦺꦴꦁ

head

ꦲꦺꦚꦺꦴꦁ (ènyong)

ènyong (romanization)
ꦲꦶꦚꦺꦴꦁ (alternative)

Inherited from Old Javanese iṅoṅ, ṅoṅ, ṅwaṅ (“first person personal pronoun”).

inh+

(dated) I, my, me (first person personal pronoun)


ꦱꦶꦤꦸꦲꦸꦤ꧀

→ Malay: sinuhun, senuhun

> Indonesian: sinuhun (inherited)

Affixed ꦱꦸꦲꦸꦤ꧀ (suhun) + -ꦲꦶꦤ꧀- (-in-), inherited from Old Javanese sinuhun.


ꦏꦮꦸꦭ

→ Indonesian: kawula

→ Malay: kawula, kaola

Inherited from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”).


ꦱꦩꦁ

Borrowed from Malay semang, from Proto-Aslian *səmaaʔ (“human”), from Austroasiatic.


ꦲꦶꦱꦸꦤ꧀

dalem (romanization)
kula (romanization)
isun (romanization)

Inherited from Old Javanese iṅsun, isun, sun, niṅsun, nisun

inh+

I (personal pronoun), me (direct object of a verb; object of a preposition; indirect object of a verb), my (belonging to me).

(dialect, Tengger) first-person personal pronoun


ꦱꦶꦫ

Inherited from Old Javanese sira (“personal pronoun of the third person in parwas and kak.; of the second and the third person in kidung”).

inh+

(Tengger, archaic in general) personal pronoun of 2nd person

(archaic) personal pronoun of 3rd person


ꦝꦺꦮꦺꦏꦺ

head

ꦝꦺꦮꦺꦏꦺ (dhéwéké)

dhéwéké (romanization)
dhèwèké (informal)


ꦥꦫ

Inherited from Old Javanese para (“others, another, other people, one's fellow men, people at large”), from Sanskrit पर (para, “others”).