ꦥꦥꦠ꧀

Partial reduplication of pat, from inherited from Old Javanese pat, pāt, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.


ꦗꦫꦤ꧀

jaran (romanization)
ꦗꦫꦤ꧀ (alternative)
jaran (alternative)
djaran (alternative)

→ Indonesian: jaran (“horse”)


ꦒꦼꦝꦺ

gedhé (romanization)
ꦒꦼꦣꦺ (alternative)
gedhé (alternative)
gêdhe (alternative)
gedhe (alternative)

→ Betawi: gede

→ Indonesian: gede

→ Musi: (bebaso) gede

Inherited from Old Javanese gĕḍe (“bigness, largeness”). Compare Minangkabau gadang.


ꦲꦺꦭꦶꦁ

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ꦲꦺꦭꦶꦁ (éling)

→ Indonesian: eling


ꦲꦭꦱ꧀

→ Indonesian: alas

Inherited from Old Javanese alas (“forest”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas, from Proto-Austronesian *Salas. Cognate with Balinese ᬳᬮᬲ᭄ (alas), Malagasy ala.


ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ

Inherited from Old Javanese hijo, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)qizaw.

(ngoko) green (having green as its colour)


dhèwèké

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dhèwèké (ngoko dhèwèké, krama piyambakipun)

The personal pronouns may vary depending on the dialect

The second and third person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms


ꦮꦠꦸ

From Old Javanese watu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *batu, from Proto-Austronesian *batu.


ꦧꦚꦸ

banyu (romanization)
ꦧꦚꦸ (alternative)
banjoe (alternative)

Caribbean Javanese: banyu

→ Banjarese: banyu

→ Musi: banyu

Inherited from Old Javanese bañu (“water”).


ꦒꦼꦤꦶ

latu (romanization)
geni (romanization)
ꦲꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ (alternative archaic)

Inherited from Old Javanese gĕni, agni (“fire”), from Sanskrit अग्नि (agni, “fire”).


ꦏꦸꦛ

kutha (romanization)
ꦏꦸꦛ (alternative)
kutha (alternative)
koeṭa (alternative)
kuṭa (alternative)
kuta (alternative)
kutho (alternative)
kuto (alternative)
kota (alternative)
kotha (alternative)

From Old Javanese kuṭa (“fortified place, walled town”), from Tamil கோட்டம் (kōṭṭam, “city”) or Sanskrit कोट्ट (koṭṭa, “city”). Cognate of Malay kota.


ꦩꦠ

Inherited from Old Javanese mata, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mata, from Proto-Austronesian *maCa.


ꦏꦏꦁ

→ Indonesian: kakang

→ Indonesian: kakak (semantic loan)

→ Min Nan: 咬工, 咬江 (kā-kang).

From Old Javanese kakaṅ (“elder brother or sister”), kaka (“elder brother or sister; female attendant”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaka, from Proto-Austronesian *kaka.


ꦱꦸꦏꦼꦠ꧀

→ Indonesian: suket

Inherited from Old Javanese sukĕt (“grass”).


ꦩꦂꦒ

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ꦩꦂꦒ (marga) (ngoko ꦩꦂꦒ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ, krama ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ)

marga (romanization)
ꦩꦂꦒ ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ (informal)
ꦩꦼꦂꦒ ꦶ (krama)

From Old Javanese mārga (“road, path”), from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “way, road, route, path”). Cognate of Balinese ᬫᬃᬕ (marga, “road”).


ꦩꦼꦂꦒ

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ꦩꦼꦂꦒ (merga) (ngoko ꦩꦂꦒ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ, krama ꦩꦼꦂꦒꦶ)

merga (romanization)
ꦩꦂꦒ ꧈ ꦩꦼꦂꦒ (informal)
ꦩꦼꦂꦒ ꦶ (krama)

From Old Javanese mārga (“road, path”), from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga, “way, road, route, path”).


ꦲꦸꦭ

Inherited from Old Javanese ulā, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ.


ꦱ꧀ꦮꦂꦒ

swarga (romanization)
ꦱ꧀ꦮꦂꦒ (alternative)
suwarga (alternative)
suwargo (alternative)
swargo (alternative)

Inherited from Old Javanese swarga, from Sanskrit स्वर्ग (swarga, “heaven”).


ꦲꦝꦼꦥ꧀

From Old Javanese aḍĕp, haḍĕp, borrowed from Proto-Malayic *hadəp, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Doublet of ꦲꦉꦥ꧀ (arep).


ꦠꦁꦒꦸꦁ

→ Indonesian: tanggung

(ngoko) medium; half-hearted; insufficient; only part


ꦲꦤ

ana (romanization)
ꦲꦤꦼ (alternative)
ono (alternative)

Standard Pronunciation, Arekan, Surakarta–Yogyakarta, Madiun–Kediri–Blitar, Surabaya-Malang

Inherited from Old Javanese hana (“to be, exist, stay; being, existence; place of sojourn”).

inh+

(ngoko, Yogyakarta, Semarang) there is/are; to be


ꦒꦼꦝꦁ

gedhang (romanization)
ꦒꦼꦝꦁ (alternative)
gêdhang (alternative)
geḍang (alternative)

Inherited from Old Javanese gĕḍaṅ (“banana”).


ꦲꦸꦫꦶꦥ꧀

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ꦲꦸꦫꦶꦥ꧀ (urip)

→ Malay: urip

→ Indonesian: urip (“to live”)


ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧ

Inherited from Old Javanese amba (“broad, wide”)


ꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀

Inherited from Old Javanese bot, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀəqat (compare Malay berat).


ꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ

From roro, reduplication of ro, from Old Javanese rwa-rwa, rwa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duha, from Proto-Austronesian *duSa.

(ngoko) two: a numerical value equal to 2; the second number in the set of natural numbers (Ngoko Register)


ꦏꦭꦶ

→ Betawi: kali

→ Dutch: kali

→ Indonesian: kali

→ Malay: kali

Inherited from Old Javanese kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali.


ꦲꦺꦱꦸꦏ꧀

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ꦲꦺꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (ésuk)

ésuk (romanization)
ꦲꦶꦱꦸꦏ꧀ (alternative)


ꦲꦮꦤ꧀

Inherited from Old Javanese awan (“midday, noon”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hawan (“atmosphere”).

inh+

(ngoko) the time between 10 o'clock until 15 o'clock


ꦭꦺꦴꦂ

→ Indonesian: lor

From Old Javanese lor, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.


ꦮꦕ

Inherited from Old Javanese waca, from Sanskrit वाचा (vācā).


ꦠꦼꦩꦸ

Inherited from Old Javanese tĕmu (“meeting, joining, touching”), from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təmu (“to meet, receive; greet a guest”), or alternatively from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁mu, *t₁muj, *t₁muəj (“guest, visitor”). Doublet of ꦠꦩꦸ (tamu).


ꦭꦮꦸꦃ

Inherited from Old Javanese lawĕh, lawuh (“side dish”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahuk (“mixed, as foods”).

inh

(ngoko) side dish especially in a rice-based meal


ꦱꦼꦒ

sekul (romanization)
sega (romanization)

Audio

Inherited from Old Javanese sĕga (“cooked rice”).


ꦲꦗꦶ

Inherited from Old Javanese aji (“holy writ, scripture, sacred text; authoritative text; sacred formula; value”).


ꦝꦸꦮꦶꦠ꧀

Borrowed from Dutch duit (“a small Dutch coin”).


ꦊꦩꦃ

→ Indonesian: lemah


ꦮꦪꦃ

Inherited from Old Javanese wayah (“age”), from Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “age”).


ꦧꦼꦔꦮꦤ꧀

bengawan (romanization)
ꦧꦔꦮꦤ꧀ (alternative)

→ Indonesian: bengawan

Inherited from Old Javanese baṅawan (“(great) river”).


ꦧꦔꦮꦤ꧀

ꦧꦼꦔꦮꦤ꧀ ꦧꦼꦔꦮꦤ꧀#Javanese

(ngoko) alternative spelling of ꦧꦼꦔꦮꦤ꧀ (bengawan, “large river”)


ꦱꦥ

Javanese register set
 ꦏꦿꦩ (krama): ꦱꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ (sinten)
 ꦔꦺꦴꦏꦺꦴ (ngoko): ꦱꦥ (sapa)
Inherited from Old Javanese sapa, syapa (“who (interrogative pronoun)”).

inh+

(interrogative, ngoko) who: What person or people; which person or people; asks for the identity of someone; used in a direct or indirect question.


ꦢꦺꦱ

Inherited from Old Javanese deśa (“region, place, part; province, country; country, countryside, rural area”), from Sanskrit देश (deśa, “point, region, spot, place, part, portion; province, country, kingdom”).


ꦗꦩꦸ

Banyumasan: jamu

→ Betawi: jamu

→ English: jamu (learned)

→ Indonesian: jamu

→ Dutch: djamoe

→ Malay: jamu

Unknown, probably borrowed from Prakrit [Term?] (compare to Sindhi [script needed] (j̄amū̃), Punjabi [script needed] (jammū)), from Sanskrit जम्बु (jambu, “jambul”).

(ngoko) herbal medicine especially one that is drunk


ꦠꦸꦁꦒꦸꦏ꧀

Inherited from Old Javanese tuṅgu (“guarding, waiting”).


ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦢꦁ

Inherited from Old Javanese undaṅ, hundaṅ (“to call; to invite”).


ꦩꦭꦶꦁ

Inherited from Old Javanese maliṅ (“thief; thievish; stealthy”).


ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ

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ꦏꦺꦴꦮꦺ (kowé)

panyjenengan (romanization)
sampéyan (romanization)
kowé (romanization)

→ Indonesian: kowe

From Old Javanese ko (“second person pronoun”), possibly suffixed with -(n)é (“third person oblique enclitic”).


ꦗꦒꦺꦴ

Compare to Malay jaguh, Indonesian jago.


ꦠꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦏꦺꦴ

tembako (romanization)
ꦠꦼꦩꦧꦏꦺꦴ (alternative)
têmbako (alternative)

→ Peranakan Indonesian: tembako

Borrowed from Persian تنباکو (tanbâku), from Portuguese tabaco.


ꦲꦫꦤ꧀

Inherited from Old Javanese ṅaran, ṅharan, haran, aran (“name”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ŋajan (compare Tetum naran).


ꦲꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀

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ꦲꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (anom)

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">anom</i>

→ Malay: انوم (anom)

> Indonesian: anom (inherited)

Affixed ꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (nom) + ꦲ- (a-), inherited from Old Javanese anom, anwam.

ꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀ ꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀#Javanese

(literary, ngoko) alternative spelling of ꦤꦺꦴꦩ꧀ (nom, “young; unripe”)


ꦧꦶꦱ

→ Peranakan Indonesian: iso

desctree

→ Malay: bisa
> Indonesian: bisa (inherited)

* Inherited from Old Javanese bisa (“powerful, mighty; skilled, accomplished, capable”), probably from Sanskrit. Doublet of ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa) and ꦮꦶꦱ (wisa).
** Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”).
** Sanskrit विशारद (viśārada, “clever, skilful, or proficient”), from विश (viśa) or बिस (bisa, “the fibres of the stalk of a lotus”).
** Sanskrit विश् (viś, “working man, peasant”). Compare to Sanskrit वैश्य (vaiśya, “peasant, Vaishya”).
* Inherited from Old Javanese byasa, bhyāsa, abhyāsa (“to be practised in, to occupy os. constantly with; to be familiar with, acquainted with, at home in”), from Sanskrit अभ्यास (abhyāsa, “drill; habit”).
According to Blust and Trussel, the word comes from the same Sanskrit विष (viṣa, “poison”) and is very widespread in the Philippines and both western and eastern Indonesia, acquiring a variety of secondary meanings including that of general force or power, skill, knowledge and ability. In Malay and some other languages (e.g. Rembong), this abstraction and generalization of the original concrete nominal sense has gone even further, leading to the use of bisa as an auxiliary verb meaning 'can, be able'.


ꦱꦶ

(ngoko) proper article indicates that its noun is proper, and refers to a unique entity, precede Javanese name


ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧ

Inherited from Old Javanese tamba, tambā (“cure, remedy, medicine”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambar (“antidote”) (compare Malay tawar (“tasteless”), Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tambal (“to mend, to patch”)).


ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀

desc

→ Arabic: غَامِيلَان (ḡāmīlān)

→ Arabic: غَامِيلَان (ḡāmīlān)

→ English: gamelan

→ Irish: gamelan

→ Hindi: गमेलन (gamelan)

→ Indonesian: gamelan

→ Japanese: ガムラン (gamuran)

→ Malay: gamelan

→ Russian: гамела́н (gamelán)

→ Thai: กาเมลัน (gaa-mee-lan)

Affixation of ꦒꦩꦼꦭ꧀ (gamel, “to strike, to hit”) + -ꦲꦤ꧀ (-an), inherited from Old Javanese gamĕlan.


ꦮꦗ

→ Indonesian: baja (semantic loan)

Inherited from Old Javanese waja (“tooth; steel; point, blade”).


ꦲꦝꦶ

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *huaji-q, compare Malay adik. Doublet of ꦲꦫꦶ (ari) and ꦪꦪꦶ (yayi).

(ngoko) younger sibling (sister or brother)


ꦲꦢꦺꦴꦃ

Derived from affixed a + doh, from Old Javanese adoh, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)zauq, compare Malay jauh.


ꦲꦏꦺꦃ

Inherited from Old Javanese akweh (“much, many”).


ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦱ꧀

endhas (romanization)
ꦲꦼꦤ꧀ꦝꦱ꧀ (alternative)
endhas (alternative)
enḍas (alternative)
êndhas (alternative)

Inherited from Old Javanese ĕṇḍas (“head”) (compare Balinese ᬳᭂᬡ᭄ᬟᬲ᭄ (endas)).


ꦕꦼꦝꦏ꧀

cedhak (romanization)
ꦕꦼꦝꦏ꧀ (alternative)
cedhak (alternative)
tjeḍak (alternative)
cêdhak (alternative)
ꦕꦺꦝꦏ꧀ (alternative)
ꦕꦼꦝꦼꦏ꧀ (alternative)


ꦠꦶꦠꦶꦃ

Inherited from Old Javanese titih (“lying on upper position; gone under, worsted, defeated”).

inh+

(ngoko, krama) hard, dense (about keris)


ꦢꦮ

Inherited from Old Javanese dawā (“length”).


ꦭꦶꦩ

Inherited from Old Javanese lima, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lima, from Proto-Austronesian *lima.


ꦏꦸꦤ

→ Indonesian: kuno, kuna

→ Malay: kuno

Inherited from Old Javanese kuna (“formerly, in olden times, before”).


ꦊꦧꦸ

Inherited from Old Javanese lĕbu (“to enter”).


ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ

putih (romanization)
ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ (alternative)
putih (alternative)
poetih (alternative)
puteh (alternative)

Inherited from Old Javanese putih (“white”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(ma-)putiq.


ꦲꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀

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ꦲꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (abot)

Affixed ꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (bot) + ꦲ- (a-), inherited from Old Javanese abot (“heavy”)


ꦲꦶꦱ

(ngoko, colloquial) alternative spelling of ꦧꦶꦱ (bisa, “can, able”)


ꦢꦶ-

(transitive, ngoko) Patient focus verbal prefix, used in an OVA sentence.


ꦱꦭꦶꦤ꧀

Inherited from Old Javanese salin (“change, replacement”), from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salin.


ꦠꦼꦭꦸ

Inherited from Old Javanese tĕlu (“three”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təlu, from Proto-Austronesian *təlu.


ꦱꦶꦗꦶ

kawi (romanization)
éka (romanization)
satunggal (romanization)
siji (romanization)


ꦫꦺꦴꦭꦱ꧀

Inherited from Old Javanese rowĕlas, rwawĕlas (“twelve”).


ꦭꦸꦮꦶꦃ

Inherited from Old Javanese luweh (“overflow”), lĕwih (“superior, higher, better, more; surpassing, exceeding(ly), prominent, eminent; more so, especially; superiority”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ləbiq. Doublet of ꦭꦸꦮꦺꦃ (luwèh).
Cognates
Cognate with Malay lebih, Minangkabau labiah.


ꦉꦠꦶ

Inherited from Old Javanese arthi (“meaning, explanation”).


ꦏꦸꦢꦸ

→ Indonesian: kudu

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">kudu</i>

→ Malay: کودو (kudu)

Inherited from Old Javanese kudu, kĕdö (“set on; at all costs, by any means; unremittingly, insistently, obstinately, unavoidably”).


ꦒꦼꦊꦩ꧀

Inherited from Old Javanese gĕlĕm (“constantly, often; willing, consenting, pleased”).


ꦮꦼꦂꦤ

werna (romanization)
ꦮꦼꦂꦤ (alternative)
ꦮꦂꦤ (alternative)
werna (alternative)
warna (alternative)
wêrna (alternative)
werno (alternative)
warno (alternative)


ꦲꦪꦺꦴ

Inherited from Old Javanese ayo, hayo, aywa, haywa (“do not..., let not...”).


ꦱꦸꦫꦸꦃ

Inherited from Old Javanese suruh (“betel leaf”).


ꦥꦔꦤ꧀

→ Indonesian: pangan

Inherited from Old Javanese paṅan (“food, eating”).


ꦱꦼꦭꦮꦺ

Inherited from Old Javanese salawé. Equivalent to ꦱꦼ- (se-) + ꦭꦮꦺ (lawé).
* Erroneously claimed that the word formed (a backronym) from "seneng-senenge lanang lan wédok" (when man and woman likes each other). Because this is the age range when Javanese people usually get married.