西

西と言うたら東を悟れ

what is called in the west is realized in the east → necessary to understand the back as well as the front

西と言えば東と言う

if they say West, say East → tell the opposite thing every time

西も東も分からない

cannot tell east from west → cannot be understood at all

犬が西向きゃ尾は東

dog faces west while its tail points east → clearly obvious

Originally a compound of 去に (ini, “going away”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 去(い)ぬ (inu, “to go away”)) + し (shi, “wind; (by extension) direction”, as seen in other ancient-derived words as 嵐 (arashi, “storm”, literally “wild + wind”), 旋風 (tsumuji, “whirlwind”), 東 (higashi, “east”, from older pi muka si, literally “sun + facing + wind/direction”)).
First cited in the Kojiki of 712, with the phonetic spelling 爾斯 (nisi).

西向く侍 → 二四六九士

westward-facing samurai → mnemonic for months with less than 31 days, with 士 standing for 十一

the left side of the stage in the Edo-style

the right side of the stage in Kyoto and Osaka styles

(sumo) lower-ranked wrestlers listed on the left side of a banzuke


西

(Buddhism) Synonym of 西方浄土 (Saihō Jōdo): the western paradise of Amitabha Buddha

西方浄土

(Buddhism) Short for 西本願寺 (Nishi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Kyoto


愛

From Middle Chinese 愛 (MC 'ojH).
Compare modern Mandarin 愛／爱 (ài).


安心

Ultimately from Middle Chinese compound 安心 (MC 'an sim), likely through 安(あん)心(しん) (anshin) above. The shin changes to jin as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


水

水 (canonical)
mizu (romanization)
midu (romanization)
みづ (hiragana historical)

⟨mi₁du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Ryukyuan cognates support the existence of the first vowel having an initial mid vowel.
Possibly cognate with 瑞 (mizu, “freshness, youth”).
Possible cognate with Proto-Tungusic *mū, Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), Manchu ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke), Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river; water”), Mongolian мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Korean 물 (mul, “water”).

君子の交わりは淡きこと水の如し

kunshi no majiwari wa awaki koto mizu no gotoshi

(sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara mizu): water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout


悪魔

From Middle Chinese 惡魔 (MC 'ak ma, literally “bad, evil + demon”).

ltc-l

(Buddhism) a mara, a demon seeking to prevent enlightenment


空

ja-noun

空(くう) • (kū)

From Middle Chinese 空 (MC khuwng|khuwngH).
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit शून्यता (śūnyatā).

For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: 虚

For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: うつぼ

(Buddhism) sunyata: emptiness, vacuity, awareness, openness, thusness

(Buddhism) void: one of the 五大 (godai, literally “great five”) and the highest of the five elements


乙

Originally from Middle Chinese 乙 (MC 'it), arising from the proper noun sense. Appears in texts from at least 833 CE.

(music) one tone lower than the note indicated by 甲 (kō, “something A”)


紋章

紋(もん)章(しょう) • (monshō) ^(←もんしやう (monsyau)?)

紋章 (canonical)
monshō (romanization)
monsyau (romanization)
もんしやう (hiragana historical)


ボール

ボール • (bōru)

(baseball) ball (pitch that falls outside the strike zone)


界

From Middle Chinese 界 (MC keajH, “boundary”).
In Buddhist contexts, derived from the Middle Chinese term used as a translation of Sanskrit धातु (dhātu, “layer, stratum”).

(Buddhism) the world or realm of a thing


神

→ English: kami

Ainu language
Japanese language
Korean language
Kyūjitai
Old Japanese language
Proto-Japonic language
Shinjitai

⟨kami₂⟩ → */kamɨ/ → /kami/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kamui.
Not related to 上 (kami₁ → kami, “top, upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”).
Often appears in compounds as kamu- or kan-, indicating that kami is an unbound form deriving from */kamui/. Such apophony has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, ma-, “eye”) or 酒 (sake, saka-, “sake, liquor”). See also WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.
Compare Korean 검 (geom, “god, spirit”) and Ainu カムイ (kamuy, “god”).

(Shinto) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto


神

Kyūjitai
Mandarin language
Middle Chinese language
Shinjitai

From Middle Chinese 神 (MC zyin). Compare modern Mandarin 神 (shén).


人間

→ English: ningen

From Middle Chinese 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH). Analyzable as a compound of "people" + "among; space".
First cited to a text from 984. The kanji spelling is cited earlier in a kanbun passage in the Shoku Nihongi of 756, listed in some references with the reading jinkan. However, the extant copies of this work that include phonetic guides are centuries younger than this first date, raising the possibility that the ningen reading might itself date from 756.

(Buddhism) literally meaning: "human society", referring to one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology (more commonly referred to with the jinkan reading)


調べる

ja-verb

調(しら)べる • (shiraberu) transitive ichidan (stem 調(しら)べ (shirabe), past 調(しら)べた (shirabeta))

調べる (canonical)
shiraberu (romanization)
調べ (stem)
調べた (past)
調べ
しらべ
shirabe
調べる
しらべる
shiraberu
調べれ
しらべれ
shirabere
調べよ (imperative literary)
調べろ (colloquial imperative)
しらべよ (imperative literary)
しらべろ (colloquial imperative)
shirabeyo (imperative literary)
shirabero (colloquial imperative)
調べられる (passive)
しらべられる (passive)
shiraberareru (passive)
調べさせる (causative)
調べさす (causative)
しらべさせる (causative)
しらべさす (causative)
shirabesaseru (causative)
shirabesasu (causative)
調べられる (potential)
調べれる (colloquial potential)
しらべられる (potential)
しらべれる (colloquial potential)
shiraberareru (potential)
shirabereru (colloquial potential)
調べよう (volitional)
しらべよう (volitional)
shirabeyō (volitional)
調べない (negative)
調べぬ (negative)
調べん (negative)
しらべない (negative)
しらべぬ (negative)
しらべん (negative)
shirabenai (negative)
shirabenu (negative)
shiraben (negative)
調べず (continuative negative)
しらべず (continuative negative)
shirabezu (continuative negative)
調べます (formal)
しらべます (formal)
shirabemasu (formal)
調べた (perfective)
しらべた (perfective)
shirabeta (perfective)
調べて (conjunctive)
しらべて (conjunctive)
shirabete (conjunctive)
調べれば (conditional hypothetical)
しらべれば (conditional hypothetical)
shirabereba (conditional hypothetical)
調べ (irrealis stem)
しらべ (irrealis stem)
sirabe (irrealis)
調べ (continuative stem)
しらべ (continuative stem)
sirabe (continuative)
調ぶ (stem terminative)
しらぶ (stem terminative)
sirabu (terminative)
調ぶる (attributive stem)
しらぶる (attributive stem)
siraburu (attributive)
調ぶれ (realis stem)
しらぶれ (realis stem)
sirabure (realis)
調べよ (imperative stem)
しらべよ (imperative stem)
sirabeyo (imperative)
調べず (negative)
しらべず (negative)
sirabezu (negative)
調ぶれど (contrastive)
しらぶれど (contrastive)
siraburedo (contrastive)
調ぶれば (causative)
しらぶれば (causative)
sirabureba (causative)
調べば (conditional)
しらべば (conditional)
sirabeba (conditional)
調べき (past)
しらべき (past)
sirabeki (past)
調べけり (past)
しらべけり (past)
sirabekeri (past)
調べつ (perfect)
しらべつ (perfect)
sirabetu (perfect)
調べぬ (perfect)
しらべぬ (perfect)
sirabenu (perfect)
調べたり (continuative perfect)
しらべたり (continuative perfect)
sirabetari (continuative perfect)
調べむ (volitional)
しらべむ (volitional)
sirabemu (volitional)

[ɕiɾa̠be̞ɾɯ̟]

The seemingly unrelated senses "to investigate" and "to play an instrument" are probably a semantic loan from Middle Chinese 調 (MC dewH) via kanbun kundoku.

(music) to play, to perform (an instrument)


心

/simʉ/ → */ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 心 (MC sim).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Pali and Sanskrit चित्त (citta).

(theater) Alternative spelling of 真 (shin):

the center of focus:
Alternative spelling of 真 (shin)


東

→ English: higashi

/ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /ɸiɡaɕi/ → /hiɡaɕi/
Sound shift from hingashi (see Etymology 2 below).
Now the standard word for east.

(sumo) higher-ranked wrestlers listed on the right of a banzuke


東

a historical red-light district in Edo located east of Edo Castle, today in Fukagawa, Kōtō, Tokyo prefecture

(Buddhism) Short for 東本願寺 (Higashi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Shimogyō, Kyoto, Japan


東

ja-noun

東(とう) • (tō)


串

/kusi/ → /kuɕi/
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki, finished CE 720.
Cognate with 櫛 (kushi, “comb”).

其の御幣の串に書付て奉りたりける

sono gohei no kushi ni kakitsukete tatematsuritarikeru

That branch of streamers, written and presented...

any slender object that can pierce other objects, especially:

(Shinto) Short for 玉串 (tamagushi): a branch of a 榊 (sakaki) tree used as a Shinto offering


仏

→ Ainu: ポトキ

→ English: hotoke

Baekje
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki

*⟨poto₂ke₂⟩ → */pətəkəi̯/ → /ɸotoke/ → /hotoke/
From Old Japanese, most likely from Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye, hence related to modern Korean 부처 (Bucheo), Manchu ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi); see the Proto-Korean entry for more. The word was presumably disseminated by the Baekje people of southwestern Korea, who first introduced Buddhism to Japan. The first two syllables are ultimately from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá), via Middle Chinese 佛陀 (MC bjut da) or some similar Sinitic form. Thomas Pellard speculates that the final element is an ancient Koreanic word for "king; lord".
The more traditional explanation still given in Japanese dictionaries is that the final ke element might be the Chinese-derived suffix 気 (ke, “spirit”), but a Koreanic explanation is more plausible.
First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

(Buddhism) a buddha (enlightened or awakened sentient being)

(Buddhism) a statue or image of any buddha

(Buddhism) performing a Buddhist memorial service


仏

(Buddhism) the Sakyamuni Buddha, Nepalese spiritual and philosophical teacher and founder of Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama

(Buddhism) any of the other buddhas named in Buddhist scriptures


仏

From Middle Chinese 佛 (MC bjut), shortened from 佛陀 (MC bjut da), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddha).

儒、仏、道


僧

僧(そう) • (sō)

Clipping of 僧伽 (sōgya), borrowed from Sanskrit संघ (saṃgha).


具

(cooking) secondary ingredient, such as spices, seasonings, and sauces


内

(Buddhism) Buddhist teachings on the inner self or ego, as opposed to non-Buddhist ones


冠

Likely a shift from kagafuri above, ancient kagapuri.


力

From Middle Chinese 力 (lik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese reading lik⁶.

(Buddhism) capability, especially mystical power

(Buddhism) the suchness of ability, one of the Ten Suchnesses in Mahayana Buddhism


劫

劫 (canonical)
kō (romanization)
kofu (romanization)
こふ (hiragana historical)

/kopu/ → /kofu/ → */kowu/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 劫 (MC kjaep), short form of 劫波 (MC kjaep pa), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “aeon”).

(Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology


劫

劫 (canonical)
gō (romanization)
gofu (romanization)
ごふ (hiragana historical)

/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → */ɡowu/ → /ɡoː/
Possibly a shift from kō above.


口

(Buddhism) (by extension) one's speech, one's words


右

From Middle Chinese 右 (MC hjuwX).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.


唵

唵 (canonical)
唵 (canonical)
on (romanization)

*/om/ → /omu/ → /oɴ/
From Middle Chinese 唵 ('om^X), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit ॐ (oṃ).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.


喝

(Buddhism) an interjection uttered by Zen Buddhist masters to scold their students


回

回 (canonical)
kai (romanization)
kwai (romanization)
くわい (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 回 (MC hwoj).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.


型

Noun senses are attested from the 8th century, with suffix use later. See 形(かた) (kata). Compare also 姿(すがた) (sugata, “appearance, likeness”), 模(かたぎ) (katagi, “model, pattern, template”).

ja-r

(martial arts) kata (choreographed training exercises)


塔

塔 (canonical)
tō (romanization)
tafu (romanization)
たふ (hiragana historical)

/tapu/ → /taɸu/ → */tawu/ → /tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/
From Middle Chinese 塔 (MC thap, “tower, pagoda, spire”).
An abbreviation for 卒塔婆 (sotoba, sotōba), a transliteration of Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa, “heap”).

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塔は下から組め

no good building without a good foundation; build a tower from the bottom up


塔

塔 (canonical)
-tō (romanization)
-tafu (romanization)
たふ (hiragana historical)


塵

塵 (canonical)
jin (romanization)
ぢん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 塵 (MC drin). First attested in a Buddhist text from the 600s.


境

境 (canonical)
kyō (romanization)
kyau (romanization)
きやう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) something that can be perceived with the mind or senses


変

変成 : metamorphosis変成岩 : metamorphic rock


夏

From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
Also used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ge₁⟩.

(Buddhism) summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month


外

(Buddhism) non-Buddhist teachings or texts


天

From Middle Chinese 天 (MC then, “sky; heavens”). Compare modern Mandarin reading tiān.

天狗: long-nosed yōkai of Japanese mythology

天変地異

an extraordinary natural phenomenon or occurrence

天道

the world of heavenly gods; the world of devas

天部

大黒天

弁才天


嬰

From Middle Chinese 嬰 (MC 'jieng).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

嬰ヘ ― eihe ― F-sharp


宮

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明

/mi₁ya/ → /miya/
From Old Japanese. A compound of 神 or 御 (mi, “spiritual honorific”) + 屋 (ya, “house”).

compound

Miya. ミヤ (宮) 神 (Camis)の社.

(Shinto) the place where a god resides: a shrine

(Buddhism) a temple holding a Buddhist statue


宮

宮 (canonical)
kyū (romanization)
kyuu (romanization)
きゆう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 宮 (MC kjuwng, “dwelling; palace; note on a scale”). Compare literary reading of Hokkien 宮 /宫 (kiong).

ltc-l

(traditional music of China and Japan) the keynote or tonic of a musical scale, such as do in the do re mi scale notation of solfège


密

From Middle Chinese 密 (MC mit).
First cited to a text from 1092.

(Buddhism) the teachings of esoteric Buddhism


寺

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)

Tanjō Temple: any of various Buddhist temple

寺印

the official stamp or seal of a Buddhist temple


寺

寺 (canonical)
tera (romanization)
軒 (counter)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
ja:松村明

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, and in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation.
* Some sources derive Japanese tera from an ancestor of Middle Korean 졀 (jeol) (likely Baekje). This is from earlier 뎔 (dyeol, “temple”) and is the nativised reading of 찰 (刹, chal, “Buddhist temple”) below, deriving in turn from Middle Chinese 剎 (MC tsrhaet), shortened from 剎多羅 (MC tsrhaet ta la, “Buddhist monastery, temple or shrine”), borrowed from Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land, area, domain”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáytram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéytrom.
* Other sources describe Japanese tera as cognate with modern Korean 찰 (刹, chal, “temple”), appearing as a component in terms such as 선찰 (禪刹, seonchal, “Zen temple”), 사찰 (寺刹, sachal, “Buddhist temple”).
* Another derivation is given as Pali thera (“elders”) in reference to the monks.
Considering the phonetic development in Korean, the avenues for transmission of Buddhist terms to Japan, and the consistent temple sense of the Japanese term throughout recorded history, the now-obsolete Korean 뎔 (dyeol, “temple”) may be a more likely source than Pali thera (“elders”).


尊

From Old Japanese.
Derived from 御 (mi-, honorific prefix) + 事 (koto, “thing, matter”).

高皇産霊尊

高皇産霊 たかみむすひの

(Shinto) indicates respect and reverence, such as to the 神 (kami, “Shinto deity”) or the 天皇 (tennō, “Emperor of Japan”): Highness


尊

From Middle Chinese 尊 (MC tswon).
Compare modern Mandarin 尊 (zūn).


幣

(Shinto) paper or cloth offered on skewers before a shrine (see also 幣(へい) (hei))


幣

(Shinto) a staff with cut paper streamers, offered to the gods


幣

[mʲite̞ɡɯ̟ɾa̠]

(Shinto, historical) material, non-comestible offerings to the gods, often textiles


床

From Old Japanese. Attested in the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki), completed in 720 and one of the earliest works written in Japanese (see Wikipedia:Nihon Shoki), with a meaning of bed.
According to the 和句解 (Wakuge), published in 1668 by early Edo-period scholar Matsunaga Teitoku (松永貞徳; see Wikipedia:ja:松永貞徳), derives from ゆか (yuka) as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) stem of the verb 行く (yuku, “to go”) of an original meaning similar to "not going", in reference to a place where one sits down to rest.

(theater) a raised area of a stage where a presenter or musician sits


庵

/am/ → /amu/ → /aɴ/
From Middle Chinese 庵 (MC 'om).

(Buddhism) a priest's quarter attached to a large Zen temple


弓

Bow (music)
Bow and arrow
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Yumi
ja:弓 (楽器)
ja:弓 (武器)

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *yumi. Appears in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), with a phonetic spelling of 由美 ⟨yumi₁⟩, */yumʲi/.

梓弓

a bow made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa

破魔弓

a traditional Shintō ceremonial bow for dispel evil

鏃 (yajiri): arrowhead; 簳 (yagara): arrow-shaft; 羽 (hane): arrow-fletching

仗, 杖: yumi stave; 弦: yumi bowstring; 矢: an arrow; 靫): a quiver; 胸当て: kyudo plastron/chestguard; 弽: kyudo glove; 弩

(music) a bow for playing a stringed instrument such as a violin or cello

(Shinto) a type of kagura (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away evil


形

形 (canonical)
形 (canonical)
gata (romanization)
gada (romanization)

Derived from kata above. The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Found most commonly as a suffixing element in compounds.
The standalone noun sense was originally a shortening of 女形 (onnagata, literally “woman form”), a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater. This noun sense is only spelled with the 形 kanji.

(kabuki, theater) Short for 女形 (onnagata), a female role played by a male actor in kabuki theater


律

From Middle Chinese 律 (MC lwit).
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit विनय (vinaya, “discipline, guidance, humility”).

der

(Buddhism) a set of rules for a monastic community

(Buddhism) Short for 律蔵 (Ritsuzō): the Vinaya Piṭaka, one of the Tripitaka

律蔵

(Buddhism) Short for 律儀, 律義 (ritsugi): translation of Sanskrit संवर (saṃvara),

律儀

(music) the six yang (odd-numbered) notes in the 十二律 (jūniritsu) chromatic scale

(music) Short for 律旋 (rissen): a seven-tone scale in gagaku, similar to the Dorian mode in the West


律

(Buddhism) rules of discipline for a monastic community


律

(Buddhism) Short for 律宗 (Risshū): the Risshū school of Buddhism


拳

From Middle Chinese 拳 (MC gjwen).
The standalone noun senses are first cited to texts from the 1500s.

蟷螂拳

太極拳

波動拳

1999 February 20 [1994 April 15], Rumiko Takahashi, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート).２ [海](うみ)[千](せん)[拳](けん)と[山](やま)[千](せん)[拳](けん) [PART.2 Umisenken and Yamasenken]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], 10th edition, volume 28 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN:

海千拳？

海千拳？

2000 December 20 [1999 May 17], Maekawa, Takeshi, “水(すい)面(めん)の戦(たたか)いの巻(まき) [Water Struggle]”, in 新(しん)鉄(てっ)拳(けん)チンミ [New Ironfist Chinmi], 2nd edition, volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, pages 158–161:

通背拳⁉吊り橋でみせたあの技で 水を‥‥‼

Tsūhaiken⁉ Tsurihashi de miseta ano waza de Mizu o‥‥‼

Tongbeiquan⁉ I saw him use this move at the suspension bridge, but now on water‥‥⁉

通背拳⁉吊り橋でみせたあの技で 水を‥‥‼

通背拳⁉吊り橋でみせたあの技で 水を‥‥‼

通背拳⁉吊り橋でみせたあの技で 水を‥‥‼

2001 January 23, Masami Kurumada, “女神(アテナ)の聖闘士(セイント)の巻(まき) [Athena’s Saints]”, in Saint(セイント)星(セイ)矢(ヤ) [Saint Seiya], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 60:

ペガサス流星拳‼

2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)36話(わ) カーニバル［祭(まつり)］ [Chapter 36: Carnival]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

直撃！ブラボー拳‼

(martial arts) used in the names of styles, or moves that involve punching


掌

掌 (canonical)
-shō (romanization)
-syau (romanization)
しやう (hiragana historical)

条拳法 八卦六十四掌

Jūkenpō: Eight Trigrams, Sixty-Four Palms

2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第(だい)60話(わ) 少(しょう)女(じょ)の決(けつ)意(い) [Chapter 60: A Girl’s Resolve]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 30–31:

This is the flame that helped put me, Seki, at the top of the Supei!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

これがこの赤を師兵の頂点たらしめる炎だッ!!!我龍双煉掌

Kore ga kono Seki o Sūpei no chōten tarashimeru honō da'!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

(martial arts) used in the names of moves that involve hitting and pushing hard with the palm


斎

(Buddhism) meals exchanged between priests and parishioners


斎

From Old Japanese.
Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 斎く (itsuku, “to worship”).

破夜歩佐波阿梅珥能朋利等弭箇既梨伊莵岐餓宇倍能娑奘岐等羅佐泥

阿梅珥能朋利 あめにのぼり

娑奘岐等羅佐泥 さざきとらさね

hayabusa wa ame ni nobori tobikakeri itsuki ga ue no sazaki torasane

(Shinto) Short for 斎皇女 (itsuki no miko):


斎

From Old Japanese. Possibly a doublet of 斎 (yu) below.

(Shinto) added to spiritual nouns to indicate purity and holiness: holy, pure, sacred


斎

From Old Japanese. Possibly a doublet of 斎 (i) above.


明

明 (canonical)
myō (romanization)
myau (romanization)
みやう (hiragana historical)

/mʲau/ → /mʲɔː/ → /mʲoː/
From Middle Chinese 明 (MC mjaeng).
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, wisdom”).

(Buddhism) passing of knowledge, scholarship, or study


明

(Buddhism) knowledge or wisdom that dispels the darkness of ignorance and brings to the realization of truth; enlightenment


星

/posi/ → /ɸoɕi/ → /hoɕi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

(sumo) a round mark indicating a victory or defeat in a bout


有

有 (canonical)
yū (romanization)
iu (romanization)
いう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 有 (MC hjuwX). The sense “and, with a remainder of” is from Middle Chinese 有 / 又 (MC hjuwH).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.


有

From Middle Chinese 有 (MC hjuwX).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.


木

⟨ki₂⟩ → */kɨ/ → /ki/
From Old Japanese 木 (ki₂), from Proto-Japonic *kəi. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke. For the vowel alternation, see Wiktionary:About Proto-Japonic § Standalone forms and combining forms.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

猿も木から落ちる

even monkeys fall from trees → nobody's perfect

(theater, sumo, etc.) a clapper used to signal the opening or closing of a match or play


末

末 (canonical)
sue (romanization)
suwe (romanization)
すゑ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712.

(kagura, music) in a 神楽 (kagura) performance, the seats on the right side facing the altar or shrine; the performers playing in these seats


末

From Middle Chinese 末 (MC mat).
First attested in Japanese in 1120.

端役

extra or minor part in any theatrical tradition

(theater) in traditional Chinese theater, an extra, a minor part


果

果 (canonical)
ka (romanization)
kwa (romanization)
くわ (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) phala, attained state, result

(Buddhism) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice)


根

From Middle Chinese 根 (MC kon). First cited in Japanese contexts in the 法華義疏 (Hokke Gisho) dated to 615, a commentary on the Buddhist Lotus Sutra that was written in Classical Chinese.

(Buddhism) the original motive force leading to perception of something by the five senses or by thought


桜

桜 (canonical)
桜 (canonical)
sakura (romanization)

桜切る馬鹿梅切らぬ馬鹿

foolish to prune cherry trees but not to prune plum trees

→ Amis: sakola

→ English: sakura

→ Indonesian: sakura

→ Kavalan: sakula

→ Korean: 사꾸라 (sakkura, “spy”)

→ Kunigami: 桜 (sakūra)

→ Okinawan: 桜 (sakura)

→ Portuguese: sakura

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki, the oldest extant historical record of ancient Japan, compiled in 712 CE.
Originally derived from 咲く (saku, “to bloom, burst open”) + 等 (-ra, nominalizing and pluralizing suffix).

com

(theater, historical) during the Edo Period, a special box or balcony seat for a hired applauder, someone requested to cheer on the performers


梓

ja-noun

梓(あずさ) or 梓(アズサ) • (azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa) or アヅサ (adusa)?)

梓 (canonical)
梓 (canonical)
azusa (romanization)
adusa (romanization)
あづさ (hiragana historical)
アヅサ (hiragana historical)

/adusa/ → /ad͡zusa/ → /azusa/
From Old Japanese.

(theater) in noh, the swift, drummed accompaniment to the entrance recitative of a medium


棒

棒 (canonical)
bō (romanization)
bau (romanization)
ばう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 棒 (MC baewngX). The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.

(Buddhism) staff used by practitioners of Zen Buddhism


業

業 (canonical)
gō (romanization)
gofu (romanization)
ごふ (hiragana historical)

業によりて果を引く

you reap what you sow, what goes around comes around

/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → /ɡou/ → /ɡoː/
From Middle Chinese 業 (MC ngjaep). The goon, so likely an earlier borrowing. Translation from the Sanskrit term कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”).

業が煮える, 業が煎れる, 業が湧く

to be irritated, to be annoyed, to get angry

業の風

the powerful wind of sin that blow in hell

業の秤

a mythological scale that weighs the sins of the dead

業を曝す

to endure shame in this life as karma for sins committed in a previous life


業

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.


機

From Middle Chinese 機 /机 (kjɨj, “mechanism; opportunity, chance”). Compare modern Min Nan reading ki.

(Buddhism) the moment of being moved into action by the teachings of the Buddha: see 機根 (kikon)


檀

(Buddhism) Short for 檀那 (danna, “generosity, almsgiving”).


次

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of Old Japanese-derived verb 次く (suku, “to follow, to continue from something, to be next;”).
The verb form was obsolete even in olden times. Existence of the verb, possibly related to tsugu mentioned above, is inferred from placenames found in the Man'yōshū and other ancient poetry.

(Shinto) at the 大嘗祭 (Daijōsai) and other major Shintō ceremonies, refers to the group of regional representatives making offerings of sake and grain, who do so after the initial offering


歌

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ota.

氷と炎の歌


死

/si/ → /ɕi/
Appears to be a conflation of Middle Chinese 死 (MC sijX), with an Old Japanese root that happened to have a similar pronunciation to the Middle Chinese and was probably cognate with 去る (saru, “to go, to go away”). Compare modern Mandarin 死 (sǐ).
In kanji compounds, this would be considered as on'yomi; but on its own, this could be considered as either on'yomi or kun'yomi.

死灰

cold, dead ash; ash remaining after cremation

死界

underworld, world of the dead; blind spot, somewhere out of view

死学

field of study that has no practical use

死菌

dead bacterium or inactive virus used as the basis for a vaccine

死句

plain phrase or line in a poem, containing no implied meaning; ascetic's unsaid word or phrase, due to mental mistake

死蔵

putting something away and never using it

死文

dead law, law that is on the books but never enforced; document that is purely formal and empty of meaning


殯

(Shinto) A funerary practice of enshrining the deceased in a casket at a special location during a period of mourning before a formal burial, specifically for royalty or nobility


法

法 (canonical)
hō (romanization)
fafu (romanization)
はふ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 法 (MC pjop). Originally, the kan'on was はふ (fafu), and the goon was ほふ (fofu), although both became ほう (hō) in modern Japanese. It is suggested that the kan'on was used in the general senses, while the goon was used in Buddhist contexts.


漏

Translation of Sanskrit आस्रव (āsrava), cognate of Pali āsava. Literally, “leaks”. Compare 有漏(うろ) (uro) and 無漏(むろ) (muro).

(Buddhism) mental impurities (āsava) or earthly desires (klesha)


灯

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).

(Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha


無

→ English: mu

From Middle Chinese 無 (MC mju). The 呉音 (goon), so likely an earlier borrowing.

(Buddhism) mu; the null set: neither yes nor no (in response to a koan or other question that mistakenly assumes an affirmative or negative answer).


熊

熊 (canonical)
熊 (canonical)
kuma (romanization)

From Old Japanese. First cited in the Kojiki of 712.
Further derivation is uncertain. Possibilities include:
* Might be cognate with Japanese 隈 (kuma, “inside corner; inner bend; hollow or hole in something”), perhaps from the way that bears often live in dens.
* Might also or separately be cognate with Middle Korean 곰〯 (kwǒm, “bear”), whose archaic form */koma/ is preserved as the first element of the toponym 고마〮ᄂᆞᄅᆞ (Kwòmánòlò, literally “Bear-ford”). Thus, a cognate of Korean 곰 (gom, “bear”) and Baekje 金馬 (*kəma/*kuma, “bear”).
* Might be an areal Wanderwort, borrowed from Old Chinese 熊 (OC *ɢʷlɯm) and ultimately deriving from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-wəm. See also the etymology notes in the *tV-wəm entry.

cog

(theater) standing room only audience members in the pit (from the way the standing section would often have a metal railing or fence separating it, resembling a bear cage)


牙

Compound of Old Japanese elements 牙 (ki, “fang, tusk”) + 歯 (ha, “tooth”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

牙上面

ivory or boar tusk used to rub the surface of a print in order to bring out the gloss

牙筍貝

a kind of auger snail of family Terebridae

牙を研ぐ: → to prepare to hurt one's opponent. Compare sharpen one's claws

牙あるものは角無し: → a metaphor for how no one is endow with every advantage

(falconry) dog (primarily used for counting hunting dogs)


球

球 (canonical)
kyū (romanization)
kiu (romanization)
きう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 毬 /球 (gjuw, “ball, sphere, orb”).


球

いい球


瑟

(music) a zither with movable bridges and around 25 strings


番

番 (canonical)
-ban (romanization)
ばん (hiragana historical)


番

2番の歌詞


異

From Middle Chinese 異 (MC yiH). Compare modern Mandarin 異 /异 (yì, /i⁵¹/), Cantonese 異 /异 (ji⁶, /jiː²²/).

(Buddhism) change or disease, one of the four states or avasthā


痴

From Middle Chinese 痴 (MC trhi). Compare modern Mandarin 痴 (chī).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Sanskrit मोह (moha, “folly, ignorance”) or मूढ (mūḍha, “fool”).

(Buddhism) ignorance, one of the three roots of the vice dharmas


的

From Old Japanese.
* May be derived from rare archaic verb いくう (ikuu, “to shoot (an arrow) at something”, archaic spelling いくふ).
: The ha element would presumably derive from the verb ending ふ (fu), which has a 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of ha. However, this is unlikely, as verb forms ending in -fu underwent the regular f- and h- > w- shift, which would result in a reading of *ikuwa rather than the correct ikuha.
* The above phonetic discrepancy suggests that ikuha may instead be a compound of iku + ha.
: The iku element probably derives from root component いく (iku) meaning “shooting [arrows]”, as found in いくう (ikuu) and also in 戦 (ikusa, “a battle”, original meaning “the shooting of arrows”). The iku element might be related to verb 射る (iru, “to shoot an arrow”), or obsolete verb 生く (iku, “to live; to make something live, to make something go”), likely cognate with 行く (iku, “to go”).
: The ha element is uncertain. It might be 端 (ha, “the edge or end of something”), from the sense “the end [of the arrow's flight]”.

的所

the location where an archery target is placed


的

From Old Japanese. Alteration of ikuha above. Compare the iku <> yuku alteration in the verb 行く (iku, yuku, “to go”).


矢

From Old Japanese. Found in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE.

光陰矢の如し。

Shine and shadow, just like an arrow. → Time flies like an arrow.

大夫之弓上振起射都流矢乎後将見人者語継金

masurao no yuzue furiokoshi itsuru ya o nochi mimu hito wa kataritsugu gane


短

From Middle Chinese 短 (twan^X, “short”).


砧

From 衣板 (kinuita, literally “clothes board”), with elision of the i; see 衣 and 板 for more on the components.


禅

Shortened from 禅那 (zenna, “Zen meditation practice”), from Middle Chinese 禪那 (MC dzyen na), a transliteration of Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “profound meditation”). Compare Pali jhāna.

野狐禅

someone who has not fully attained enlightenment, but puts on airs and becomes self-important as if they have

(Buddhism) the disciplines and doctrine of Zen Buddhism


禅

→ English: Zen

→ French: zen

→ German: Zen

→ Spanish: Zen

→ Thai: เซน (seen), เซ็น (sen)

(Buddhism) Short for 禅宗 (Zenshū): Zen Buddhism


禊

→ English: misogi

From Old Japanese, though the original pronunciation of the initial miso is likely unknown.
The term itself is derived from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 禊ぐ (misogu, “to perform ablutions (on someone)”, archaic).
Some sources suggest that this might be derived further from a compound of 身 (mi, “body”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”), or alternatively from 水 (mi, “water”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”). Considering that 身 had an ancient reading of ⟨mi₂⟩, while 水 had an ancient reading of ⟨mi₁⟩, the latter is a better potential match.

恋せじと御手洗川にせしみそぎ神はうけずぞなりにけらしも

koiseji to mitarashigawa ni seshi misogi kami ni ukezu zo narinikerashi mo

Longing [or “loving”] no more and purified by ritual ablution at the river of cleansing, the gods seemed to accept it not at the end.

(Shinto) a form of ritual purification performed with water; compare English ablution

風そよぐならの小川の夕暮れはみそぎぞ夏のしるしなりける

kaze soyogu Nara-no-ogawa no yūgure wa misogi zo natsu no shirushi narikeru

Rustling winds among the oak [leaves] at river Nara dusk-eventime; the lustration rites are but a sign ’tis still summertime.

(Shinto, particularly) a purification ritual held in shrines on the last day of the sixth lunar month


突

CJK compatibility ideographs
Kyūjitai
Shinjitai
kyūjitai

(martial arts) an attacking move in kendo, sumo, et al.; thrust, lunge


笛

⟨puye⟩ → */puje/ → /ɸue/ → /fue/
From Old Japanese, first cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Likely related to the verb 吹く (fuku, “to blow”).

(music) a side-blown flute, as opposed to end-blown instruments such as the 篳篥 (hichiriki)


笛

From Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek). The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a later borrowing.
First cited to a text from the 1400s. This reading appears to have fallen out of use.

(music, archaic, possibly obsolete) a flute, particularly the Chinese side-blown flute


笛

From a corruption of Middle Chinese 笛 (MC dek).
First cited to a text from 1241.


筑

(music) an ancient zither-like instrument


粽

Compound of 茅(ち) (chi, short for chigaya, "cogon") + 巻(まき) (maki, “wrapping”).
Originally, rice cakes were wrapped in leaves from cogon grass.

ja-compound

(Buddhism, architecture) Short for 粽形 (chimaki-gata): a Zen-style pillar with rounded edges on the top and bottom parts


素

素 (canonical)
moto (romanization)
もと (hiragana historical)

ご飯の素


経

経 (canonical)
kyō (romanization)
kyau (romanization)
きやう (hiragana historical)

/kʲeu/ → /kjau/ → /kjɔː/ → /kjoː/
From Middle Chinese 經 (MC keng|kengH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra, literally “string, thread”) or Pali sutta (literally “string, thread”).

der

(Buddhism) a sutra (Buddhist scripture):

a discourse of the Gautama Buddha, one of the Twelve Divisions of Mahayana Buddhism

契経

discourse of the Buddha, division of Tripitaka

short for 経蔵 (Kyōzō): the Sutta Pitaka, one of the three divisions of the Tripitaka

経蔵

collective term for Buddhist literature including sutras in general

(Buddhism, by extension of reading sutras) a Buddhist service or rite


羽

From Old Japanese.
May be cognate with 葉 (ha, “leaf”).

(archery) when a bow is strung, the distance between the grip and the serving (nocking point) on the bowstring


羽

(music) the fifth and highest note in the Chinese pentatonic scale


肉

From Middle Chinese 肉 (MC nyuwk). Compare modern Hokkien 肉 (jio̍k / lio̍k), Teochew 肉 (ne̍k), or Hakka 肉 (ngiuk⁷).

鳥肉

meat of a bird, in particular meat of a chicken

(theater, kabuki) short for 肉襦袢 (niku juban): flesh-toned undergarments worn by actors and shown when the character has to display their skin


脚

2004 September 8, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “第(だい)３４(さんじゅうよん)話(わ) Let’s(レッツ) お見(み)舞(ま)い [Chapter 34: Let’s Go for a Hospital Visit]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 4, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

流星・ブラボー脚‼

(martial arts) used in the names of moves that involve kicking


色

Middle Chinese language
Sanskrit language

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
The Buddhist sense is translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).

色彩

coloring, coloration, hue, tint; color, mood, influence, leaning

色紙

a square piece of cardboard used for painting or for writing poems

色調

the coloring of a thing; a tone, shade, or hue

舍利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識亦復如是。

7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

Sariputra, form is not different from emptiness; emptiness is not different from form. That which is form is empty; that which is emptiness is form. This is also true for sensation, perception, intention, and awareness.

Sharishi, shiki fu i kū, kū fu i shiki. Shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki. Ju-sō-gyō-shiki, yaku bu nyoze.

(Buddhism) material form, specifically the organized body as one of the five constituent elements or skandhas


苦

From Middle Chinese 苦 (khu^X, “suffering”).


葵

葵 (canonical)
aoi (romanization)
afufi (romanization)
あふひ (hiragana historical)

Asarum caulescens
Wikispecies:Asarum caulescens

(heraldry) A design of mon using the image of Asarum caulescens.


蓮

Daijirin
Kyūjitai
Nelumbo nucifera
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
ja:ハス

Originally a compound of 蜂 (hachi, “bee”) + 巣 (su, “nest, hive”), literally “beehive, honeycomb”, from the way the lotus seed resembles a honeycomb.

(Buddhism, particularly Pure Land Buddhism) a lotus bloom in the realm of Sukhāvatī (“Land of Ultimate Bliss”), as an expression of reincarnation


蘊

From Middle Chinese 蘊 (MC 'jun).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Sanskrit स्कन्ध (skandha, “collection, grouping, heap”) or Pali khandha (“collection, heap”). See entry at 五蘊 (goun).


行

行 (canonical)
gyō (romanization)
gyau (romanization)
ぎやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC haeng). First cited in Buddhist texts of the early 600s.
The pronunciation is goon, so likely an earlier borrowing.
* For the "formations" definition, translation of Sanskrit संस्कार (saṃskāra)
* For "austerities", translation of Sanskrit चर्या (caryā)
* For "walking", translation of Sanskrit गमन (gamana)

(Buddhism) saṅkhāra: formations, mental activity; one of the 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”)

(Buddhism) caryā: austerities; practice or discipline for enlightenment

(Buddhism) gamana: manner of going forward or walking


表

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki

Ultimately from Old Japanese. Cognate with 面 (omote). Derived as a compound of 面 (omo, “face”) + 手 (te, “hand; direction, side”), basically meaning "face-wards; facing side".
The term omote in general is attested since the Nihon Shoki of 720. The 表 spelling for this word is attested from roughly 1000.
Cognate with Okinawan 表 (umuti).

compound

(baseball) first half, top (of an inning)


袖

Kojiki
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

⟨so₁ te⟩ → /so te/ → /sode/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 with the phonetic spelling 蘇弖 (⟨so₁ te⟩). The te changes to de as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Japanese references that include an etymology note that this appears to be a compound of 衣 (so, “robe; clothing”) + 手 (te, “hand; arm”). However, the initial so- is clearly spelled with the so-called 甲類 (kōrui, “"A" type”) vowel ⟨so₁⟩ in the oldest texts, whereas 衣 when read as so was pronounced with the so-called 乙類 (otsurui, “"B" type”) vowel as ⟨so₂⟩. These were treated as separate vowels in Old Japanese, so this proposed compound cannot be the actual derivation.

袖付け

sleeve attachment; armhole; sodetsuke, the place where a sleeve attach


裏

裏箔: the application of silk as a screen on metal foil

'underground' pornography showing uncensored genitals. Technically illegal in Japan.


褌

→ English: fundoshi

[ɸɯ̟̃ndo̞ɕi]

越中褌

越中褌 えっちゅうふんどし

西洋褌

西洋褌 せいようふんどし

六尺褌

六尺褌 ろくしゃくふんどし

湯文字: a kind of loincloth wrap used while bathing

a similar wrap worn historically by women under a kimono

人の褌で相撲を取る

(sumo) a sumo wrestler's traditional apron


褌

(sumo) a sumo wrestler's belt, a mawashi


襅

/tipaja/ → /t͡ɕifaja/ → /t͡ɕihaja/
First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).
Probably related to verb 千早ぶ (chihayabu, “to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power”), itself an alteration from 逸早ぶ (ichihayabu, “to move or act quickly and strongly”), deriving from adjective 逸早し (ichihayashi, “strong and fast; extremely fast”).

(Shinto) a ceremonial overcoat with unsewn sides, worn by shrine maidens for certain ceremonies such as kagura

人形浄瑠璃 人形浄瑠璃#Japanese

(theater) a kind of sleeveless vest or waistcoat used in kabuki or 人形浄瑠璃 (ningyō jōruri, “puppet theater”)


襪

(clothing) ankle-tied silk socks, worn by high nobles in formal court dress and priests.


襷

(archaic, Shinto) a shoulder-tied cord, to mark one's purification to serve the gods


観

観 (canonical)
kan (romanization)
kwan (romanization)
くわん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 觀 /观 (kwan, “look”).


証

ja-noun

証(しょう) • (shō)


誓

誓 (canonical)
ukei (romanization)
ukefi (romanization)
うけひ (hiragana historical)

アマテラスとスサノオの誓約

(archaic, Shinto, Japanese mythology) an "oath", a ritual in which whether something is true or false, right or wrong, good or evil, etc. is judged based on whether the stated outcome of an act comes true as expected


量

量 (canonical)
ryō (romanization)
ryau (romanization)
りやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 量 (MC ljangH, “measure”).

比量


針

⟨pari⟩ → /ɸaɾi/ → /haɾi/
From Old Japanese 針 (pari).

any slender, pointed object resembling or similar in use to a needle:


鉈

From Old Japanese 鉈 (nata). Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Possibly related to Old Japanese な (na, “blade, edge”).
Possibly cognate with Korean 낫 (nat), Korean 나대 (nadae) of similar meanings as Japanese 鉈 (nata).

(sumo) a technique of bending one's elbow and attacking an opponent's throat or chest with one's forearm (so called for the way the bent-elbow arm shape resembles certain varieties of nata woodworking tools)


銀

Hokkien language
Middle Chinese language

From Middle Chinese 銀 (MC ngin). Compare modern Hokkien reading gîn.

(sports, etc.) Short for 銀メダル (gin medaru): a silver medal


鎌

Kyūjitai Man'yōshū Shinjitai Sickle ja:鎌

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE. Possibly cognate with Chinese 鐮 /镰 (lián, “sickle”) (compare Old Chinese 鐮 (*ɡ·rem)).

鎌槍: a kind of polearm with a sickle-shaped blade

to get things sorted quickly and efficiently

to apply the sickle; compare English to glean

鎌を掛ける: → to get something out of a person without them being aware

(woodworking) Short for 鎌継 (kamatsugi, “hammer-headed tenon”). (from the way the sickle blade sticks out perpendicular to the handle, similar to the sides of the hammer head on this kind of tenon)


鏡

From Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 影 (kaga, ancient combining form of 影 (kage), “shadow; outline; figure; image”) + 見 (mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る (miru), “to see, to look at”).

com

ancient combining form of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">影</i> (kage), “shadow; outline; figure; image”

alcove behind the curtain and affixed with a mirror for player to check their appearance

鏡板

panel that forms the back wall of a noh stage and is traditionally painted with a picture of an old pine tree

鏡の松

a painting of an old pine tree on the kagami ita that forms the back wall of a noh stage

鏡の御影

a depiction of a round window through which can be seen god, spirit, or Buddha

鏡が曇ると魂が曇る

if the looking glass is cloudy, so too is one's soul → (particularly regarding women) one's appearance is a reflection of one's psyche, and a disordered appearance indicates a disordered mind

鏡は容貌を見せ酒は心を現す

kagami wa katachi o mise, sake wa kokoro o arawasu

a mirror shows one's appearance; alcohol brings out one's true thoughts → a metaphor for how drinking can lead to freer expression of what one really thinks: in vino veritas

鏡に掛く

show in a mirror → extremely clear, extremely certain: as clear as day

鏡を掛く

hang a mirror → to know something in detail as if looking at it in a mirror: to know something like the back of one's hand, to know something inside and out

(theater) Short for 鏡板 (kagami ita): the panel at the back of a noh stage that is painted with an image of an old pine tree


鐃

鐃 (canonical)
nyō (romanization)
neu (romanization)
ねう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples


鐃

鐃 (canonical)
dō (romanization)
dau (romanization)
だう (hiragana historical)


鑁

(Buddhism) Vairocana. (only used for the word "鑁阿", ban-na)


長

長 (canonical)
chō (romanization)
tyau (romanization)
ちやう (hiragana historical)

/tjau/ → /t͡ɕjau/ → /t͡ɕɔː/ → /t͡ɕoː/
From Middle Chinese 長 (MC trjangX) in the sense of “chief, head, leader” and 長 (MC drjang) (literally meaning “long”) for other senses. The two Middle Chinese readings were distinct but etymologically connected.


閂

ja-noun

閂(かんぬき) • (kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (kwannuki)?)

閂 (canonical)
kannuki (romanization)
kwannuki (romanization)
くわんぬき (hiragana historical)

[kã̠nːɯ̟kʲi]

/kʷan no ki/ → /kʷanːoki/ → /kʷanːuki/ → /kanːuki/
Shift from 貫の木 (kan no ki, literally “1-kan (3.75-kilogram/8.267-pound) wood”) or 関の木 (kan no ki, literally “barrier-wood”), possibly influenced by 貫き (nuki, “wooden beam used in joinery”).

(sumo) a grip in which one wrestler wraps his arms around both of his opponent’s arms and squeezes them together to maneuver the opponent for a kimedashi or kimetaoshi, or to weaken the opponent’s grip on the mawashi; a type of armbar


闇

From Middle Chinese 闇 (MC 'omH, “dark”).

(Buddhism) darkness, as a metaphor for worldly desires


静

静 (canonical)
jō (romanization)
zyau (romanization)
じやう (hiragana historical)

/d͡ʑʲau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 靜 (MC dzjengX). The goon, so an earlier borrowing than the sei reading.
First attested as a standalone noun in a text from roughly 1216.

(Buddhism) equanimity, upekkhā, a state untroubled by attachment or aversion


面

両A面


飛

(baseball) Short for 飛球 (hikyū): a fly ball


駒

Compound of 子(こ) (ko, “child”) + 馬(ま) (ma, “horse”).
See also 子馬(こうま) (kouma).

(music) bridge (the piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board)


魂

魂(たましい) • (tamashī) ^(←たましひ (tamasifi)?)

魂 (canonical)
tamashī (romanization)
tamasifi (romanization)
たましひ (hiragana historical)

⟨tamasipi₁⟩ → */tamasipʲi/ → /tamaɕifi/ → /tamaɕiwi/ → /tamaɕiː/
From Old Japanese.
Compound of 魂 (tama, “soul, spirit”, see below) and an uncertain shii, possibly 強ひ (shihi → shii), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 強ふ (shifu → shiu), modern 強いる (shiiru, “to force, compel”).

the word is known through the idiosyncratic romanization

the title of the video game Katamari Damacy

rendered in Japanese as 塊魂. The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku

多麻之比波安之多由布敝尓多麻布礼杼安我牟祢伊多之古非能之氣吉尓

安之多由布敝尓 あしたゆふへに

安我牟祢伊多之 あがむねいたし

古非能之氣吉尓 こひのしげきに

tamashī wa ashita-yūbe ni tamafuredo aga mune itashi koi no shigeki ni


魄

2004 June 15, Rumiko Takahashi, “第(だい)１話(わ) 試(し)作(さく) [Chapter 1: Prototypes]”, in 犬(いぬ)夜(や)叉(しゃ) [Inuyasha], volume 35 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 8:

Kon is the heart… in other words, the soul. And haku is the force that moves the body…

魂は心…つまり魂だ。そして魄は体を動かす力…

Kon wa kokoro… Tsumari tamashī da. Soshite haku wa karada o ugokasu chikara…

As long as it has this haku thing, even a soulless corpse can move.

魄ってやつがあれば、魂のない死骸でも動くんだな。

Haku tte yatsu ga areba, tamashī no nai shigai de mo ugoku n da na.

(religion, folklore) po (haku), the soul which does not leave the body after death, compared to hun (kon) which does.


鼈

鼈 (canonical)
鼈 (canonical)
suppon (romanization)

Unknown, theories include:
# Shift from スホン (suhon), the sound when it jumps into a river:
#: /sufon/ → /suppon/
# Corruption of 朱盆 (shubon, literally “vermillion tray”), from the resemblance of its shell:
#: /ɕubon/ → /ɕuppon/ → /suppon/

月と鼈

the moon and suppon (seem alike but are different) → like chalk and cheese

(theater) in kabuki, a trapdoor located on the 花道 (hanamichi, “walkway through the audience to the stage”)


齣

齣 (canonical)
齣 (canonical)
koma (romanization)

Probably cognate with 小間, 細 (koma, “small; a small piece of something”).

(film, theater) an act or scene of a play or movie

(music) a phrase or portion of a piece of music


齣

May be from Middle Chinese, or may be a shift in reading from setsu below.


遊戯

遊戯 (canonical)
遊戯 (canonical)
yuge (romanization)
yuke (romanization)

/jiu ke/ → /juke/ ↔ /juɡe/
Likely the oldest borrowing from Middle Chinese 遊戲 (MC yuw xje), attested in Heian period literature.

(Buddhism) freedom, said of the Buddha, bodhisattvas, or other enlightened beings


パン

(cooking) a pan (flat vessel used for cooking)


修羅

修羅霊

the spirit of a demi-god or of a demi-demon

(Buddhism) Asura (a demigod of the lowest class)

(Buddhism) short for 修羅道 (shuradō, “realm of Asura; one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhism”).


部屋

Originally a compound of へ (he, “separate”, cognate with the first element in 隔たる (hedataru, “to be apart”)) + 屋 (ya, “roof, house”).
First cited to the late 900s.

compound

cognate with the first element in <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">隔たる</i> (hedataru, “to be apart”)

八角部屋

(sumo) a stable where rikishi live and train together under a shisho oyakata (stable master)


仮名

仮名 (canonical)
kemyō (romanization)
kemyau (romanization)
けみやう (hiragana historical)

/kemjau/ → /kemjɔː/ → /kemjoː/
From Middle Chinese 假名 (MC kaeX|kaeH mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”) 假名 (kæ^X mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”). The goon reading, so probably an earlier borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Min Nan reading ké-miâ.
The Buddhist sense derives from use of this term in Chinese as a translation of Sanskrit प्रज्ञप्ति (prajñapti, “appointing → provisional naming”), used in some Buddhist schools to refer to the practice of conceptualising and naming things that are not real.

cog

(Buddhism) the conceptualisation and provisional naming of things that are not real; something so named


上手

上手 (canonical)
uwate (romanization)
ufate (romanization)
うはて (hiragana historical)

下手

antonym(s) of “downstream, downwind, stage right”

Compound of 上 (uwa, “up, upper”) + 手 (te, “hand”).

(sumo) the upper hand in an overhand hold


Dr

(music) Abbreviation of ドラム (doramu, “drums (of a rock band)”).


人道

From nin (人, people, mankind) + dō (道, plane of existence).

(Buddhism) Life as a human: one of the six planes or domains of existence in the cycle of samsara.


世界

From Middle Chinese 世界 (MC syejH keajH), originally a translation of Sanskrit लोकधातु (lokadhātu, “region or part of the world”). Compare Hokkien 世界 (sè-kài).

世界遺産条約

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

世界一

best in the world, most (adjective) in the world

世界気象機関: the World Meteorological Organization

世界語

universal language, international language

世界自然保護基金: the World Wide Fund for Nature

世界中

throughout the world, all the world, worldwide

世界知的所有権機関: the World Intellectual Property Organization

世界連

in line with the rest of the world, normal

世界労働組合連盟: the World Federation of Trade Unions

there are no leftover women in the world; said particularly to women

世界に余った女は無い: → there is someone for everyone

世界に鬼は無い: → the world is not full of heartless people

and there are many kind souls who will lend a hand

世界は大戯場の如し

the world is just like a big theatre → all the world's a stage

世界は張り物

the world is starched clothes → it's all about appearances, clothes make the man

世界は回り持ち

the world comes in turns → all things come to those who wait, to everything there is a season

世界半分自惚れしっかり

of the world, only halfway, but full of conceit → being full of oneself without bothering to learn much about the world

世界我が物

the world is one's possession → acting as if one owns the world

万象

all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature

(Buddhism) the four inner realms of 須弥山 (Shumisen)


変態

desctree

→ English: hentai (“pornographic anime or manga”)
→ Cebuano: hentai
→ Finnish: hentai
→ French: hentai
→ German: Hentai
→ Indonesian: hentai
→ Italian: hentai
→ Korean: 헨타이 (hentai)
→ Polish: hentai
→ Portuguese: hentai
→ Russian: хентай (xentaj)
→ Spanish: hentai
→ Swedish: hentai
→ Tagalog: hentai
→ Ukrainian: хента́й (xentáj)

Entomological Society of Japan
Mao Dun
ja:変態

First used as an entomological term in publications by the Entomological Society of Japan, with later non-entomological applications in the broader zoology and botany. The narrower sense, "abnormal" is attested in Chinese works, such as those by Mao Dun; but the strictest sense, "abnormal sexual tendency," - from a contraction of 変態性欲 (hentai seiyoku, literally “abnormal sexual desire”) - may have been due to a reinterpretation of 変 (hen) as a 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “adjectival verb”) meaning "strange," hence "strange state" rather than "change state."

(sexuality) Short for 変態性欲 (hentai seiyoku, “sexual perversion”).


SF

スーパーフォーミュラ スーパーフォーミュラ#Japanese

(motor racing) SF: Abbreviation of スーパーフォーミュラ (“Super Formula”).


相槌

ja-noun

相(あい)槌(づち) • (aizuchi) ^(←あひづち (afiduti)?)

相槌 (canonical)
aizuchi (romanization)
afiduti (romanization)
あひづち (hiragana historical)

→ English: aizuchi

From あい (ai-, “mutual, together”) + 槌(つち) (tsuchi, “hammer”). The tsuchi changes to zuchi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

鍛冶があひつちと云ふは、二人むかひてうつゆへ歟

When a blacksmith says aizuchi they mean two people working face-to-face

Kaji ga aizuchi to iu wa, futari mukai de utsu yue yo

(archaic, metalworking) (two persons) hammering an object alternately or in unison


発音

[ha̠t͡sɨõ̞ɴ]

最大同時発音数


発音

ja-verb-suru

発(はつ)音(おん)する • (hatsuon suru) suru (stem 発(はつ)音(おん)し (hatsuon shi), past 発(はつ)音(おん)した (hatsuon shita))

発音する (canonical)
hatsuon suru (romanization)
発音し (stem)
発音した (past)
発音し
はつおんし
hatsuon shi
発音する
はつおんする
hatsuon suru
発音すれ
はつおんすれ
hatsuon sure
発音せよ (imperative literary)
発音しろ (colloquial imperative)
はつおんせよ (imperative literary)
はつおんしろ (colloquial imperative)
hatsuon seyo (imperative literary)
hatsuon shiro (colloquial imperative)
発音される (passive)
はつおんされる (passive)
hatsuon sareru (passive)
発音させる (causative)
発音さす (causative)
はつおんさせる (causative)
はつおんさす (causative)
hatsuon saseru (causative)
hatsuon sasu (causative)
発音できる (potential)
はつおんできる (potential)
hatsuon dekiru (potential)
発音しよう (volitional)
はつおんしよう (volitional)
hatsuon shiyō (volitional)
発音しない (negative)
はつおんしない (negative)
hatsuon shinai (negative)
発音せず (continuative negative)
はつおんせず (continuative negative)
hatsuon sezu (continuative negative)
発音します (formal)
はつおんします (formal)
hatsuon shimasu (formal)
発音した (perfective)
はつおんした (perfective)
hatsuon shita (perfective)
発音して (conjunctive)
はつおんして (conjunctive)
hatsuon shite (conjunctive)
発音すれば (conditional hypothetical)
はつおんすれば (conditional hypothetical)
hatsuon sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[ha̠t͡sɨõ̞ɴ]


タイ

ja:タイ (音楽記号)


レンジ

(cooking) a cooker, a range, an oven or the like


宗教

ja-noun

宗(しゅう)教(きょう) • (shūkyō) ^(←しうけう (siukeu)?)

宗教 (canonical)
shūkyō (romanization)
siukeu (romanization)
しうけう (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 宗教 (zōngjiào)

→ Korean: 종교 (jonggyo)

→ Vietnamese: tôn giáo

Ultimately from Middle Chinese, from the two nouns 宗 (shū, “doctrine”) + 教 (kyō, “teaching”). First attested with this straightforward meaning in a compilation of Classical Chinese-style poetry from 1403.
Repurposed near the start of the Meiji period to translate English religion, which sense is first attested in 1866.

(Buddhism) the Buddha's doctrine and teachings; the doctrine and teachings of a specific Buddhist denomination


少女

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 乙 (oto, “young, little”) + 女 (me, “female, girl”). Compare 男 (otoko, “man”), originally meaning "young boy".

少女さび

behavior appropriate to an adult unmarried woman

a type of sea vegetable in order Ectocarpales

young woman who dances kagura at a shrine

少女文楽

少女文楽 おとめぶんらく

a kind of one-person puppet show performed by girls or young women

(Shinto) a young woman dancer performing at the 五節 (Gosechi) ceremony in the eleventh lunar month


解決

解 (kai, “to solve”) + 決 (ketsu, “to decide”).

問題解決

問題解決 もんだいかいけつ

解決方法

解決方法 かいけつほうほう

解決手段

解決手段 かいけつしゅだん

(music) Progression from dissonance to consonance; a chord to which such progression is made; resolution


ハム

Daijisen
ja:ハム (曖昧さ回避)
ja:ハム (聖書)
ja:松村明


比丘

Borrowed from Pali bhikkhu, from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣu).


和尚

ja-noun

和(か)尚(しょう) • (kashō) ^(←くわしやう (kwasyau)?)

和尚 (canonical)
kashō (romanization)
kwasyau (romanization)
くわしやう (hiragana historical)

(Tendai or Kegon Buddhism) preceptor; high priest


和尚

和尚 (canonical)
wajō (romanization)
wazyau (romanization)
わじやう (hiragana historical)

(Shingon, Hosso, Ritsu or Shin Buddhism) preceptor; high priest


菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosatʉ/ → /bosat͡sʉ/ → /bosat͡su/
Shift from bosachi below, adopting the kan'on reading for the second character, possibly indicating a later borrowing or other influence from Middle Chinese. Ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta.
Compare modern Cantonese 菩薩 /菩萨 (pou⁴ saat³).

妙見菩薩

妙見菩薩 みょうけんぼさつ

(Buddhism) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva


菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosat͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 菩薩 (MC bu sat), an abbreviation of 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Uses the goon for both characters, indicating an earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese than the bosatsu reading above.

阿彌陀仏けうしのほさちおのおの白たんしてつくり奉りたる...

Amida-butsu kyōshi no bosachi onoono byakutan shite tsukuri tatematsuritaru...

(Buddhism, obsolete) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva


摩訶薩埵

摩訶薩埵 (canonical)
makasatta (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 摩訶薩埵 (MC ma xa sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit महासत्त्व (mahāsattva, “great creature; great being”).

bor

(Buddhism) Synonym of 摩訶薩 (makasatsu): a great bodhisattva


Ba

Ba (canonical)
Ba (canonical)
bēsu (romanization)
ba (romanization)

(music) Abbreviation of ベース (bēsu, “bass guitar (of a rock band)”).


M

From the initial letter of English masochism; compare English S&M.

(sexuality, euphemistic) masochism, masochist


P

From English producer. The VOCALOID sense may have arisen from an extension of the concept of producers in THE IDOLM@STER; both THE IDOLM@STER and VOCALOID were/are popular topics on the Niconico video sharing website.

プロデューサー プロデューサー#Japanese

(entertainment, music) Initialism of プロデューサー (purodyūsā, “producer”).


S

From English sadism; compare English S&M.


KO

ja-verb-suru

KO(ケーオー)する • (kē-ō suru) suru (stem KO(ケーオー)し (kē-ō shi), past KO(ケーオー)した (kē-ō shita))

KOする (canonical)
kē-ō suru (romanization)
KOし (stem)
KOした (past)
KOし
ケーオーし
kē-ō shi
KOする
ケーオーする
kē-ō suru
KOすれ
ケーオーすれ
kē-ō sure
KOせよ (imperative literary)
KOしろ (colloquial imperative)
ケーオーせよ (imperative literary)
ケーオーしろ (colloquial imperative)
kē-ō seyo (imperative literary)
kē-ō shiro (colloquial imperative)
KOされる (passive)
ケーオーされる (passive)
kē-ō sareru (passive)
KOさせる (causative)
KOさす (causative)
ケーオーさせる (causative)
ケーオーさす (causative)
kē-ō saseru (causative)
kē-ō sasu (causative)
KOできる (potential)
ケーオーできる (potential)
kē-ō dekiru (potential)
KOしよう (volitional)
ケーオーしよう (volitional)
kē-ō shiyō (volitional)
KOしない (negative)
ケーオーしない (negative)
kē-ō shinai (negative)
KOせず (continuative negative)
ケーオーせず (continuative negative)
kē-ō sezu (continuative negative)
KOします (formal)
ケーオーします (formal)
kē-ō shimasu (formal)
KOした (perfective)
ケーオーした (perfective)
kē-ō shita (perfective)
KOして (conjunctive)
ケーオーして (conjunctive)
kē-ō shite (conjunctive)
KOすれば (conditional hypothetical)
ケーオーすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kē-ō sureba (conditional hypothetical)
KOし [kē-ō shi]
KOする [kē-ō suru]
KOして [kē-ō shite] (conjunctive)
KOしないで [kē-ō shinai de] (conjunctive negative)
KOしなくて [kē-ō shinakute] (conjunctive negative)
KOしない [kē-ō shinai] (negative)
KOします [kē-ō shimasu] (polite)
KOしません [kē-ō shimasen] (negative polite)
KOした [kē-ō shita]
KOしなかった [kē-ō shinakatta] (negative)
KOしました [kē-ō shimashita] (polite)
KOしませんでした [kē-ō shimasen deshita] (negative polite)
KOされ [kē-ō sare] (passive)
KOされる [kē-ō sareru] (passive)
KOされない [kē-ō sarenai] (negative passive)
KOされます [kē-ō saremasu] (passive polite)
KOされません [kē-ō saremasen] (negative passive polite)
KOされた [kē-ō sareta] (passive past)
KOされなかった [kē-ō sarenakatta] (negative passive past)
KOされました [kē-ō saremashita] (passive)
KOされませんでした [kē-ō saremasen deshita] (negative passive)
KOさせ [kē-ō sase] (causative)
KOさせる [kē-ō saseru] (causative)
short form: KOさす [kē-ō sasu] (causative)
KOさせない [kē-ō sasenai] (causative negative)
KOさせます [kē-ō sasemasu] (causative polite)
KOさせません [kē-ō sasemasen] (causative negative polite)
KOさせた [kē-ō saseta] (causative past)
KOさせなかった [kē-ō sasenakatta] (causative negative past)
KOさせました [kē-ō sasemashita] (causative)
KOさせませんでした [kē-ō sasemasen deshita] (causative negative)
KOでき [kē-ō deki] (potential)
KOできる [kē-ō dekiru] (potential)
KOできない [kē-ō dekinai] (negative potential)
KOできます [kē-ō dekimasu] (polite potential)
KOできません [kē-ō dekimasen] (negative polite potential)
KOできた [kē-ō dekita] (past potential)
KOできなかった [kē-ō dekinakatta] (negative past potential)
KOできました [kē-ō dekimashita] (potential)
KOできませんでした [kē-ō dekimasen deshita] (negative potential)
written: KOせよ [kē-ō seyo] (imperative)
spoken: KOしろ [kē-ō shiro] (imperative)
KOしてください [kē-ō shite kudasai] (imperative)
KOしないでください [kē-ō shinai de kudasai] (imperative negative)
KOしなさい [kē-ō shinasai] (imperative)
KOするな [kē-ō suru na] (imperative negative)
KOしよう [kē-ō shiyō] (imperative)
KOしましょう [kē-ō shimashō] (imperative polite)
KOすれば [kē-ō sureba] (conditional)
KOしなければ [kē-ō shinakereba] (conditional negative)
colloquial: KOしなきゃ [kē-ō shinakya] (conditional negative)
KOしたら [kē-ō shitara] (conditional)
KOしなかったら [kē-ō shinakattara] (conditional negative)
KOさせられ [kē-ō saserare] (conditional)
KOさせられる [kē-ō saserareru] (conditional)
KOさせられない [kē-ō saserarenai] (conditional negative)
KOさせられます [kē-ō saseraremasu] (conditional polite)
KOさせられません [kē-ō saseraremasen] (conditional negative polite)
KOさせられた [kē-ō saserareta] (conditional past)
KOさせられなかった [kē-ō saserarenakatta] (conditional negative past)
KOさせられました [kē-ō saseraremashita] (conditional)
KOしたい [kē-ō shitai] (desiderative)
KOしたくない [kē-ō shitaku nai] (desiderative negative)
For other desiderative forms (desiderative)
KOしている [kē-ō shite iru] (desiderative)
contraction: KOしてる [kē-ō shiteru] (desiderative)
KOしていない [kē-ō shite inai] (desiderative negative)
contraction: KOしてない [kē-ō shitenai] (desiderative negative)
KOしています [kē-ō shite imasu] (desiderative polite)
KOしていません [kē-ō shite imasen] (desiderative negative polite)
KOしていた [kē-ō shite ita] (desiderative past)
KOしていなかった [kē-ō shite inakatta] (desiderative negative past)
KOしていました [kē-ō shite imashita] (desiderative)
KOしていませんでした [kē-ō shite imasen deshita] (desiderative negative)
KOせぬ [kē-ō senu]
KOせん [kē-ō sen]
KOせず [kē-ō sezu] (continuative negative)
KOせず [kē-ō sezu]
KOしたり [kē-ō shitari]


AV

→ Chinese: AV (ēi-wēi), A片 (ēipiàn)

→ Korean: AV (AV)

→ English: JAV

Alternative form: △▽ (filter avoidance, slang)

2007 January 25, Yūji Shiozaki, “第七拾五話 [Chapter 75]”, in 一騎当千, volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Wani Books:

Whoa... I saw this exact shit in a porno just the other day.

お——こないだ観た ＡＶにそーゆーのあったあった

O—— Konaida mita ēbui ni sōyū no atta atta

アダルトビデオ アダルトビデオ#Japanese

(pornography) アダルトビデオ: video pornography


不思議

ja-adj

不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ) • (fushigi) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)な (fushigi na), adverbial 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)に (fushigi ni))

不思議 (canonical)
fushigi (romanization)
不思議な (adnominal)
不思議に (adverbial)
不思議だろ (imperfective stem)
ふしぎだろ (imperfective stem)
fushigi daro (imperfective)
不思議で (continuative stem)
ふしぎで (continuative stem)
fushigi de (continuative)
不思議だ (stem terminative)
ふしぎだ (stem terminative)
fushigi da (terminative)
不思議な (attributive stem)
ふしぎな (attributive stem)
fushigi na (attributive)
不思議なら (hypothetical stem)
ふしぎなら (hypothetical stem)
fushigi nara (hypothetical)
不思議であれ (imperative stem)
ふしぎであれ (imperative stem)
fushigi de are (imperative)
不思議ではない (informal negative)
不思議じゃない (informal negative)
ふしぎではない (informal negative)
ふしぎじゃない (informal negative)
fushigi de wa nai (informal negative)
fushigi ja nai (informal negative)
不思議だった (informal past)
ふしぎだった (informal past)
fushigi datta (informal past)
不思議ではなかった (informal negative past)
不思議じゃなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎではなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎじゃなかった (informal negative past)
fushigi de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
fushigi ja nakatta (informal negative past)
不思議です (formal)
ふしぎです (formal)
fushigi desu (formal)
不思議ではありません (formal negative)
不思議じゃありません (formal negative)
ふしぎではありません (formal negative)
ふしぎじゃありません (formal negative)
fushigi de wa arimasen (formal negative)
fushigi ja arimasen (formal negative)
不思議でした (formal past)
ふしぎでした (formal past)
fushigi deshita (formal past)
不思議ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
不思議じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎではありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
fushigi de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
fushigi ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
不思議で (conjunctive)
ふしぎで (conjunctive)
fushigi de (conjunctive)
不思議なら（ば） (conditional)
ふしぎなら（ば） (conditional)
fushigi nara (ba) (conditional)
不思議だったら (conditional past)
ふしぎだったら (conditional past)
fushigi dattara (conditional past)
不思議だろう (volitional)
ふしぎだろう (volitional)
fushigi darō (volitional)
不思議に (adverbial)
ふしぎに (adverbial)
fushigi ni (adverbial)
不思議さ (noun-from-adj)
ふしぎさ (noun-from-adj)
fushigisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

不思議

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

Contracted from 不可思議 (fuka shigi, literally “unfathomable”), equivalent to 不(ふ) (fu-) + 思議(しぎ) (shigi).

…弘誓深如海。歴劫不思議。侍多千億仏。発大清浄願…

406, Lotus Sutra (chapter 25, translation by Kumārajīva)

His great vow is as deep as the sea, unfathomable even after eons. Serving many hundreds of billions of buddhas, he has made a great pure vow.

…guzei jin nyo kai, ryakkō fushigi, ji ta sennoku butsu, hotsu dai-shōjō gan…

(Buddhism) Short for 不可思議 (fuka shigi): beyond human recognition or understanding; ineffable


未来

From Middle Chinese 未來 (MC mj+jH loj). Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit अनागत (anāgata, “not yet come; future”, past participle), from अन्- (an-, “not”) + आगत (āgata, “what has come”), from the verb root आगम् (āgam, “to come”).

calque

(Buddhism) the future, one of the three existences


焼く

ja-verb

焼(や)く • (yaku) transitive godan (stem 焼(や)き (yaki), past 焼(や)いた (yaita))

焼く (canonical)
yaku (romanization)
焼き (stem)
焼いた (past)
焼か
やか
yaka
焼き
やき
yaki
焼く
やく
yaku
焼け
やけ
yake
焼かれる (passive)
やかれる (passive)
yakareru (passive)
焼かせる (causative)
焼かす (causative)
やかせる (causative)
やかす (causative)
yakaseru (causative)
yakasu (causative)
焼ける (potential)
やける (potential)
yakeru (potential)
焼こう (volitional)
やこう (volitional)
yakō (volitional)
焼かない (negative)
やかない (negative)
yakanai (negative)
焼かず (continuative negative)
やかず (continuative negative)
yakazu (continuative negative)
焼きます (formal)
やきます (formal)
yakimasu (formal)
焼いた (perfective)
やいた (perfective)
yaita (perfective)
焼いて (conjunctive)
やいて (conjunctive)
yaite (conjunctive)
焼けば (conditional hypothetical)
やけば (conditional hypothetical)
yakeba (conditional hypothetical)
焼か (irrealis stem)
やか (irrealis stem)
yaka (irrealis)
焼き (continuative stem)
やき (continuative stem)
yaki (continuative)
焼く (stem terminative)
やく (stem terminative)
yaku (terminative)
焼く (attributive stem)
やく (attributive stem)
yaku (attributive)
焼け (realis stem)
やけ (realis stem)
yake (realis)
焼け (imperative stem)
やけ (imperative stem)
yake (imperative)
焼かず (negative)
やかず (negative)
yakazu (negative)
焼けど (contrastive)
やけど (contrastive)
yakedo (contrastive)
焼けば (causative)
やけば (causative)
yakeba (causative)
焼かば (conditional)
やかば (conditional)
yakaba (conditional)
焼きき (past)
やきき (past)
yakiki (past)
焼きけり (past)
やきけり (past)
yakikeri (past)
焼きつ (perfect)
やきつ (perfect)
yakitu (perfect)
焼きぬ (perfect)
やきぬ (perfect)
yakinu (perfect)
焼けり (continuative perfect)
焼きたり (continuative perfect)
やけり (continuative perfect)
やきたり (continuative perfect)
yakeri (continuative perfect)
yakitari (continuative perfect)
焼かむ (volitional)
やかむ (volitional)
yakamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE, and in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE. From Proto-Japonic *yaku.

焼き上がる

to be finished baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc.

焼き上げる

to finish baking, broiling, firing, printing, etc. something

to change something by means of fire, light, chemicals, or other means:

[from 720] to use heat or flame to prepare something for eating or using:


セ

Initial of セントラル・リーグ


大人

From Middle Chinese 大人 (dɑiᴴ ȵiɪn, literally “big, great + person”). Compare modern Hakka 大人 (thai-ngìn).
The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.


アクセント

Japanese pitch accent
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:アクセント

(fashion, design) an accessory, an accent piece


当たり

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 当(あ)たる (ataru).

ja-etym-renyokei

アタリがあったら合わせる


印象

印象 (canonical)
inzō (romanization)
inzau (romanization)
いんざう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) the act of a clear image or form appearing, as if impressed like a stamp; also refers to such a shape

(Buddhism) the act of printing an image of a Buddha (statue), or the printed image of a Buddha (statue) itself


走る

ja-verb

走(はし)る • (hashiru) intransitive godan (stem 走(はし)り (hashiri), past 走(はし)った (hashitta))

走る (canonical)
hashiru (romanization)
走り (stem)
走った (past)
走ら
はしら
hashira
走り
はしり
hashiri
走る
はしる
hashiru
走れ
はしれ
hashire
走られる (passive)
はしられる (passive)
hashirareru (passive)
走らせる (causative)
走らす (causative)
はしらせる (causative)
はしらす (causative)
hashiraseru (causative)
hashirasu (causative)
走れる (potential)
はしれる (potential)
hashireru (potential)
走ろう (volitional)
はしろう (volitional)
hashirō (volitional)
走らない (negative)
はしらない (negative)
hashiranai (negative)
走らず (continuative negative)
はしらず (continuative negative)
hashirazu (continuative negative)
走ります (formal)
はしります (formal)
hashirimasu (formal)
走った (perfective)
はしった (perfective)
hashitta (perfective)
走って (conjunctive)
はしって (conjunctive)
hashitte (conjunctive)
走れば (conditional hypothetical)
はしれば (conditional hypothetical)
hashireba (conditional hypothetical)
走ら (irrealis stem)
はしら (irrealis stem)
fasira (irrealis)
走り (continuative stem)
はしり (continuative stem)
fasiri (continuative)
走る (stem terminative)
はしる (stem terminative)
fasiru (terminative)
走る (attributive stem)
はしる (attributive stem)
fasiru (attributive)
走れ (realis stem)
はしれ (realis stem)
fasire (realis)
走れ (imperative stem)
はしれ (imperative stem)
fasire (imperative)
走らず (negative)
はしらず (negative)
fasirazu (negative)
走れど (contrastive)
はしれど (contrastive)
fasiredo (contrastive)
走れば (causative)
はしれば (causative)
fasireba (causative)
走らば (conditional)
はしらば (conditional)
fasiraba (conditional)
走りき (past)
はしりき (past)
fasiriki (past)
走りけり (past)
はしりけり (past)
fasirikeri (past)
走りつ (perfect)
はしりつ (perfect)
fasiritu (perfect)
走りぬ (perfect)
はしりぬ (perfect)
fasirinu (perfect)
走れり (continuative perfect)
走りたり (continuative perfect)
はしれり (continuative perfect)
はしりたり (continuative perfect)
fasireri (continuative perfect)
fasiritari (continuative perfect)
走らむ (volitional)
はしらむ (volitional)
fasiramu (volitional)
走り [hashiri]
走る [hashiru]
走って [hashitte] (conjunctive)
走らないで [hashiranai de] (conjunctive negative)
走らなくて [hashiranakute] (conjunctive negative)
走らない [hashiranai] (negative)
走ります [hashirimasu] (polite)
走りません [hashirimasen] (negative polite)
走った [hashitta]
走らなかった [hashiranakatta] (negative)
走りました [hashirimashita] (polite)
走りませんでした [hashirimasen deshita] (negative polite)
走られ [hashirare] (passive)
走られる [hashirareru] (passive)
走られない [hashirarenai] (negative passive)
走られます [hashiraremasu] (passive polite)
走られません [hashiraremasen] (negative passive polite)
走られた [hashirareta] (passive past)
走られなかった [hashirarenakatta] (negative passive past)
走られました [hashiraremashita] (passive)
走られませんでした [hashiraremasen deshita] (negative passive)
走らせ [hashirase] (causative)
走らせる [hashiraseru] (causative)
short form: 走らす [hashirasu] (causative)
走らせない [hashirasenai] (causative negative)
走らせます [hashirasemasu] (causative polite)
走らせません [hashirasemasen] (causative negative polite)
走らせた [hashiraseta] (causative past)
走らせなかった [hashirasenakatta] (causative negative past)
走らせました [hashirasemashita] (causative)
走らせませんでした [hashirasemasen deshita] (causative negative)
走れ [hashire] (potential)
走れる [hashireru] (potential)
走れない [hashirenai] (negative potential)
走れます [hashiremasu] (polite potential)
走れません [hashiremasen] (negative polite potential)
走れた [hashireta] (past potential)
走れなかった [hashirenakatta] (negative past potential)
走れました [hashiremashita] (potential)
走れませんでした [hashiremasen deshita] (negative potential)
走れ [hashire] (imperative)
走ってください [hashitte kudasai] (imperative)
走らないでください [hashiranai de kudasai] (imperative negative)
走りなさい [hashirinasai] (imperative)
走るな [hashiru na] (imperative negative)
走ろう [hashirō] (imperative)
走りましょう [hashirimashō] (imperative polite)
走れば [hashireba] (conditional)
走らなければ [hashiranakereba] (conditional negative)
colloquial: 走らなきゃ [hashiranakya] (conditional negative)
走ったら [hashittara] (conditional)
走らなかったら [hashiranakattara] (conditional negative)
standard: 走らせられ [hashiraserare] (conditional)
colloquial: 走らされ [hashirasare] (conditional)
走らせられる [hashiraserareru] (conditional)
走らされる [hashirasareru] (conditional)
走らせられない [hashiraserarenai] (conditional negative)
走らされない [hashirasarenai] (conditional negative)
走らせられます [hashiraseraremasu] (conditional polite)
走らされます [hashirasaremasu] (conditional polite)
走らせられません [hashiraseraremasen] (conditional negative polite)
走らされません [hashirasaremasen] (conditional negative polite)
走らせられた [hashiraserareta] (conditional past)
走らされた [hashirasareta] (conditional past)
走らせられなかった [hashiraserarenakatta] (conditional negative past)
走らされなかった [hashirasarenakatta] (conditional negative past)
走らせられました [hashiraseraremashita] (conditional)
走らされました [hashirasaremashita] (conditional)
走らされませんでした [hashirasaremasen deshita] (conditional negative)
走りたい [hashiritai] (desiderative)
走りたくない [hashiritaku nai] (desiderative negative)
For other desiderative forms (desiderative)
走っている [hashitte iru] (desiderative)
contraction: 走ってる [hashitteru] (desiderative)
走っていない [hashitte inai] (desiderative negative)
contraction: 走ってない [hashittenai] (desiderative negative)
走っています [hashitte imasu] (desiderative polite)
走っていません [hashitte imasen] (desiderative negative polite)
走っていた [hashitte ita] (desiderative past)
走っていなかった [hashitte inakatta] (desiderative negative past)
走っていました [hashitte imashita] (desiderative)
走っていませんでした [hashitte imasen deshita] (desiderative negative)
走らぬ [hashiranu]
走らん [hashiran]
走らず [hashirazu] (continuative negative)
走らず [hashirazu]
走ったり [hashittari]


左側

左側 (canonical)
hidarigawa (romanization)

[çida̠ɾʲiɡa̠β̞a̠]

(fandom slang) top (referring to the order of names in pairings)


悪口

悪口 (canonical)
akku (romanization)
akuku (romanization)
あくく (hiragana historical)

From Buddhism, one of the 十(じゅう)悪(あく) (jūaku, “ten evils”).

(Buddhism) the evil from the mouth, the use of malicious gossip


打つ

打(う)つ • (utsu) transitive godan (stem 打(う)ち (uchi), past 打(う)った (utta))

打つ (canonical)
utsu (romanization)
打ち (stem)
打った (past)
打た
うた
uta
打ち
うち
uchi
打つ
うつ
utsu
打て
うて
ute
打たれる (passive)
うたれる (passive)
utareru (passive)
打たせる (causative)
打たす (causative)
うたせる (causative)
うたす (causative)
utaseru (causative)
utasu (causative)
打てる (potential)
うてる (potential)
uteru (potential)
打とう (volitional)
うとう (volitional)
utō (volitional)
打たない (negative)
うたない (negative)
utanai (negative)
打たず (continuative negative)
うたず (continuative negative)
utazu (continuative negative)
打ちます (formal)
うちます (formal)
uchimasu (formal)
打った (perfective)
うった (perfective)
utta (perfective)
打って (conjunctive)
うって (conjunctive)
utte (conjunctive)
打てば (conditional hypothetical)
うてば (conditional hypothetical)
uteba (conditional hypothetical)
打た (irrealis stem)
うた (irrealis stem)
uta (irrealis)
打ち (continuative stem)
うち (continuative stem)
uti (continuative)
打つ (stem terminative)
うつ (stem terminative)
utu (terminative)
打つ (attributive stem)
うつ (attributive stem)
utu (attributive)
打て (realis stem)
うて (realis stem)
ute (realis)
打て (imperative stem)
うて (imperative stem)
ute (imperative)
打たず (negative)
うたず (negative)
utazu (negative)
打てど (contrastive)
うてど (contrastive)
utedo (contrastive)
打てば (causative)
うてば (causative)
uteba (causative)
打たば (conditional)
うたば (conditional)
utaba (conditional)
打ちき (past)
うちき (past)
utiki (past)
打ちけり (past)
うちけり (past)
utikeri (past)
打ちつ (perfect)
うちつ (perfect)
utitu (perfect)
打ちぬ (perfect)
うちぬ (perfect)
utinu (perfect)
打てり (continuative perfect)
打ちたり (continuative perfect)
うてり (continuative perfect)
うちたり (continuative perfect)
uteri (continuative perfect)
utitari (continuative perfect)
打たむ (volitional)
うたむ (volitional)
utamu (volitional)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *utu. Cognate with Miyako 打つぃ (utsï).

ヒットを打つ

ホームランを打つ

うどんを打つ

手打ちうどん


言語

言語 (canonical)
gongo (romanization)
ごんご (hiragana historical)


有効

ja-noun

有(ゆう)効(こう) • (yūkō)

(judo) yuko, the points awarded for a type of move in a judo match or the judge's call of yuko


天女

From Middle Chinese 天女 (MC then nrjoX|nrjoH, literally “heavenly female; deva female”).


那由他

(Buddhism, historical) extremely large number, usually interpreted as the number 10²⁸


恒河沙

[ɡo̞ːɡa̠ɕa̠]

From Middle Chinese 恆河沙 (MC hong ha srae), calque of Sanskrit गंगानदी वालुका (gaṃgānadī vālukā, “sand of the Ganges River”).
The current usage as the number 10⁵² was first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

cog

गंगानदी वालुका

(etymology, Buddhism) a metaphor of the extremely large number


法王

法王 (canonical)
-hōō (romanization)
-fofwau (romanization)
ほふわう (hiragana historical)

ダライ・ラマ法王

(religion) a religious Leader (Lit. "King of the Law (Dharma)")


一番

ja-noun

一(ひと)番(つがい) • (hitotsugai) ^(←ひとつがひ (fitotugafi)?)

一番 (canonical)
hitotsugai (romanization)
fitotugafi (romanization)
ひとつがひ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 一 (hito, “one”) + 番 (tsugai, “pair, couple, brace”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 番う.).

compound

(gagaku, bugaku, dance) a style of performance consisting of pairs of left and right dances


卒業

ja-noun

卒(そつ)業(ぎょう) • (sotsugyō) ^(←そつげふ (sotugefu)?)

卒業 (canonical)
sotsugyō (romanization)
sotugefu (romanization)
そつげふ (hiragana historical)

[so̞t͡sɨɡʲo̞ː]

卒業試験: graduation exam

卒業試験 そつぎょうしけん

卒業証書: diploma

卒業証書 そつぎょうしょうしょ

卒業論文

卒業論文 そつぎょうろんぶん

(Japanese entertainment) graduation (leaving a group)


卒業

ja-verb-suru

卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)する • (sotsugyō suru) ^(←そつげふ (sotugefu)?)suru (stem 卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)し (sotsugyō shi), past 卒(そつ)業(ぎょう)した (sotsugyō shita))

卒業する (canonical)
sotsugyō suru (romanization)
sotugefu (romanization)
卒業し (stem)
卒業した (past)
卒業し
そつぎょうし
sotsugyō shi
卒業する
そつぎょうする
sotsugyō suru
卒業すれ
そつぎょうすれ
sotsugyō sure
卒業せよ (imperative literary)
卒業しろ (colloquial imperative)
そつぎょうせよ (imperative literary)
そつぎょうしろ (colloquial imperative)
sotsugyō seyo (imperative literary)
sotsugyō shiro (colloquial imperative)
卒業される (passive)
そつぎょうされる (passive)
sotsugyō sareru (passive)
卒業させる (causative)
卒業さす (causative)
そつぎょうさせる (causative)
そつぎょうさす (causative)
sotsugyō saseru (causative)
sotsugyō sasu (causative)
卒業できる (potential)
そつぎょうできる (potential)
sotsugyō dekiru (potential)
卒業しよう (volitional)
そつぎょうしよう (volitional)
sotsugyō shiyō (volitional)
卒業しない (negative)
そつぎょうしない (negative)
sotsugyō shinai (negative)
卒業せず (continuative negative)
そつぎょうせず (continuative negative)
sotsugyō sezu (continuative negative)
卒業します (formal)
そつぎょうします (formal)
sotsugyō shimasu (formal)
卒業した (perfective)
そつぎょうした (perfective)
sotsugyō shita (perfective)
卒業して (conjunctive)
そつぎょうして (conjunctive)
sotsugyō shite (conjunctive)
卒業すれば (conditional hypothetical)
そつぎょうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sotsugyō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[so̞t͡sɨɡʲo̞ː]

(Japanese entertainment) to graduate (leave a group)


布団

→ Arabic: فُوتُون (futūn)

→ Mandarin: 布團 /布团 (bùtuán)

→ English: futon

→ Finnish: futon

→ French: futon

→ German: Futon

→ Korean: 후톤 (huton)

→ Marathi: फुतोन (phuton)

→ Russian: футо́н (futón)

→ Spanish: futón

→ Welsh: ffŵton

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
futon
ja:布団

Borrowed from written Chinese, possibly early Mandarin 蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán), likely as part of the importation of Zen Buddhism, for which practice these were originally used. First cited in Japanese to a text from the early-mid 1200s with the "meditation cushion" sense.
Originally referred literally to a 蒲 (pú, “bulrush, cattail”) 團／团 (tuán, “ball”), from the way these were round cushions made from woven bulrush leaves.
After the term was borrowed, the usage and construction of these cushions changed and the connection with bulrushes was weakened, leading to the simpler character 布 (fu, “cloth”) being used as a replacement for 蒲 (fu, “bulrush, cattail”).

zh-l

蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán)

敷き布団

mattress, bedroll; spreading / lying-down futon

(Buddhism, specifically Zen) a round cushion made of woven bulrush leaves, used for zazen seated Zen meditation


帰る

ja-verb

帰(かえ)る • (kaeru) ^(←かへる (kaferu)?)intransitive godan (stem 帰(かえ)り (kaeri), past 帰(かえ)った (kaetta))

帰る (canonical)
kaeru (romanization)
kaferu (romanization)
帰り (stem)
帰った (past)
帰ら
かえら
kaera
帰り
かえり
kaeri
帰る
かえる
kaeru
帰れ
かえれ
kaere
帰られる (passive)
かえられる (passive)
kaerareru (passive)
帰らせる (causative)
帰らす (causative)
かえらせる (causative)
かえらす (causative)
kaeraseru (causative)
kaerasu (causative)
帰れる (potential)
かえれる (potential)
kaereru (potential)
帰ろう (volitional)
かえろう (volitional)
kaerō (volitional)
帰らない (negative)
かえらない (negative)
kaeranai (negative)
帰らず (continuative negative)
かえらず (continuative negative)
kaerazu (continuative negative)
帰ります (formal)
かえります (formal)
kaerimasu (formal)
帰った (perfective)
かえった (perfective)
kaetta (perfective)
帰って (conjunctive)
かえって (conjunctive)
kaette (conjunctive)
帰れば (conditional hypothetical)
かえれば (conditional hypothetical)
kaereba (conditional hypothetical)
帰ら (irrealis stem)
かへら (irrealis stem)
kafera (irrealis)
帰り (continuative stem)
かへり (continuative stem)
kaferi (continuative)
帰る (stem terminative)
かへる (stem terminative)
kaferu (terminative)
帰る (attributive stem)
かへる (attributive stem)
kaferu (attributive)
帰れ (realis stem)
かへれ (realis stem)
kafere (realis)
帰れ (imperative stem)
かへれ (imperative stem)
kafere (imperative)
帰らず (negative)
かへらず (negative)
kaferazu (negative)
帰れど (contrastive)
かへれど (contrastive)
kaferedo (contrastive)
帰れば (causative)
かへれば (causative)
kafereba (causative)
帰らば (conditional)
かへらば (conditional)
kaferaba (conditional)
帰りき (past)
かへりき (past)
kaferiki (past)
帰りけり (past)
かへりけり (past)
kaferikeri (past)
帰りつ (perfect)
かへりつ (perfect)
kaferitu (perfect)
帰りぬ (perfect)
かへりぬ (perfect)
kaferinu (perfect)
帰れり (continuative perfect)
帰りたり (continuative perfect)
かへれり (continuative perfect)
かへりたり (continuative perfect)
kafereri (continuative perfect)
kaferitari (continuative perfect)
帰らむ (volitional)
かへらむ (volitional)
kaferamu (volitional)

宝の山に入りながら手を空しくして帰る

returning to a mountain of treasure in vain; missed opportunity

takara no yama ni irinagara te o munashikushite kaeru, →

錦衣を着て故郷に帰る

wearing a brocade and going home; promoted and going home

行きは良い良い帰りは恐い

going is easy but returning is hard or scary; no guarantees returning

行き大名の帰り乞食

go as a daimyo, return as a beggar; fruitless waste

落花枝に帰らず

a branch of fallen flowers never return; a parted husband and wife do not return

落花枝に帰らず破鏡再び照らさず

a branch of fallen flowers never return, a broken mirror does not shine again; a parted husband and wife do not return

rakka eda ni kaerazu hakyō futatabi terasazu, →

From Old Japanese [script needed] (kape₁ru), from Proto-Japonic *kaperu.
Cognate with 返る (kaeru, “to return”), by extension of returning to one's home.
Compare 帰す (kaesu, “to send someone home”, transitive).

帰らぬ人

person that never returns; a dead person


神主

ja-noun

神(かん)主(ぬし) • (kannushi) ^(←かむぬし (kamunusi)?)

神主 (canonical)
kannushi (romanization)
kamunusi (romanization)
しんしゅ (alternative hiragana)
shinshu (Rōmaji)
かむぬし (hiragana historical)


神通力

神(じん)通(つう)力(りき) or 神(じん)通(ずう)力(りき) • (jintsūriki or jinzūriki)

神通力 (canonical)
神通力 (canonical)
jintsūriki (romanization)
jinzūriki (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩnt͡sɨːɾʲikʲi]

[d͡ʑĩnd͡zɨːɾʲikʲi]

Compound of 神通 (jintsū, “superpower, divine or occult power or talent”, where jintsū is the older reading for modern jinzū) + 力 (riki, “power”).


神器

(Shinto) an item used in Shinto ceremonies to worship a god


畜生

ja-noun

畜(ちく)生(しょう) • (chikushō) ^(←ちくしやう (tikusyau)?)

畜生 (canonical)
chikushō (romanization)
tikusyau (romanization)
ちくしやう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕi̥kɯ̟ɕo̞ː]

/tikusjau/ → /t͡ɕikusjoː/
From Middle Chinese 畜生 (MC trhjuwH sraeng, literally “livestock + livestock; sacrificial animal”), itself influenced by Sanskrit तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “a beast; the organic world”) or Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”).

der

(Buddhism) a beast: a generic term for animals, birds, fish and insects, as the reincarnated form of one who had bad karma in a previous life


バス

(music) bass (the lower spectrum of sound of a singing voice or musical instrument)

コントラバス コントラバス#Japanese

(music) clipping of コントラバス: a contrabass, a double bass, a bass


逃げる

ja-verb

逃(に)げる • (nigeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 逃(に)げ (nige), past 逃(に)げた (nigeta))

逃げる (canonical)
nigeru (romanization)
逃げ (stem)
逃げた (past)
逃げ
にげ
nige
逃げる
にげる
nigeru
逃げれ
にげれ
nigere
逃げよ (imperative literary)
逃げろ (colloquial imperative)
にげよ (imperative literary)
にげろ (colloquial imperative)
nigeyo (imperative literary)
nigero (colloquial imperative)
逃げられる (passive)
にげられる (passive)
nigerareru (passive)
逃げさせる (causative)
逃げさす (causative)
にげさせる (causative)
にげさす (causative)
nigesaseru (causative)
nigesasu (causative)
逃げられる (potential)
逃げれる (colloquial potential)
にげられる (potential)
にげれる (colloquial potential)
nigerareru (potential)
nigereru (colloquial potential)
逃げよう (volitional)
にげよう (volitional)
nigeyō (volitional)
逃げない (negative)
逃げぬ (negative)
逃げん (negative)
にげない (negative)
にげぬ (negative)
にげん (negative)
nigenai (negative)
nigenu (negative)
nigen (negative)
逃げず (continuative negative)
にげず (continuative negative)
nigezu (continuative negative)
逃げます (formal)
にげます (formal)
nigemasu (formal)
逃げた (perfective)
にげた (perfective)
nigeta (perfective)
逃げて (conjunctive)
にげて (conjunctive)
nigete (conjunctive)
逃げれば (conditional hypothetical)
にげれば (conditional hypothetical)
nigereba (conditional hypothetical)

二点リードしたまま逃げる

(sports) to hold on (and win); to win narrowly


冥土

(Buddhism) Hades; underworld; the world of the dead


老師

老師 (canonical)
rōshi (romanization)
rausi (romanization)
らうし (hiragana historical)

/rauɕi/ → /rɔːɕi/ → /roːɕi/
From Middle Chinese compound 老師 (MC lawX srij). Compare modern Mandarin 老師 /老师 (lǎoshī).

(Buddhism) an elderly monk, especially one who is learned and virtuous


タイムアタック

→ English: time attack (calque)

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from time + attack, equivalent to タイム (taimu) + アタック (atakku).

pseudo-loan

(cycling, motor racing, video games) a time trial; a race against the clock


大根

On'yomi form of the native Japanese word 大根(おおね) (ōne).

ja-r

大根(おおね) (ōne)

(acting) a ham, an actor known for an exaggerated, over-wrought style


空手道

空(から)手(て) (karate, “karate”) + 道(どう) (dō, “way”).


玄関

ja-noun

玄(げん)関(かん) • (genkan) ^(←げんくわん (genkwan)?)

玄関 (canonical)
genkan (romanization)
genkwan (romanization)
げんくわん (hiragana historical)

→ English: genkan

(Buddhism) the entrance to a profound path; in particular an introduction to the Zen Buddhist discipline

(Buddhism) the entrance to a Zen Buddhist temple


題目

From Middle Chinese 題目 (MC dej|dejH mjuwk).

南無妙法蓮華経 南無妙法蓮華経#Japanese

妙法蓮華経 妙法蓮華経#Japanese

(Buddhism) in Nichiren Buddhism, the chanting of the 南無妙法蓮華経 (Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō, “Glory to the Lotus Sutra”) and the 妙法蓮華経 (Myōhō Renge Kyō, “Lotus Sutra”)


太極拳

太極拳 (canonical)
taikyokuken (romanization)

[ta̠ikʲo̞kɯ̟̊kẽ̞ɴ]

From Chinese 太極拳 /太极拳 (tàijíquán), equivalent to 太極 (taikyoku, “taiji”) + 拳 (-ken, “martial arts style”).


空想

空想 (canonical)
kūsō (romanization)
kuusau (romanization)
くうさう (hiragana historical)

Meiji era
Mohe Zhiguan
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Rangaku

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 空想 (khuwng sjang^X, literally “fictional, fabricated + think, thought”).
The sense of fantasy is first cited in Japanese to 1886, and probably reflects a Rangaku and Meiji era style of repurposing older terminology to translate unfamiliar Western concepts.
The Buddhist sense is older, and was borrowed into Japanese along with various Chinese Buddhist texts. This term is included in the 摩訶止観 (Maka Shikan), better known in English by its Chinese pronunciation, the Mohe Zhiguan, completed some time in the early 600s.

der

(Buddhism) thought that exhibits attachment to sunyata


空想

ja-verb-suru

空(くう)想(そう)する • (kūsō suru) ^(←くうさう (kuusau)?)suru (stem 空(くう)想(そう)し (kūsō shi), past 空(くう)想(そう)した (kūsō shita))

空想する (canonical)
kūsō suru (romanization)
kuusau (romanization)
空想し (stem)
空想した (past)
空想し
くうそうし
kūsō shi
空想する
くうそうする
kūsō suru
空想すれ
くうそうすれ
kūsō sure
空想せよ (imperative literary)
空想しろ (colloquial imperative)
くうそうせよ (imperative literary)
くうそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
kūsō seyo (imperative literary)
kūsō shiro (colloquial imperative)
空想される (passive)
くうそうされる (passive)
kūsō sareru (passive)
空想させる (causative)
空想さす (causative)
くうそうさせる (causative)
くうそうさす (causative)
kūsō saseru (causative)
kūsō sasu (causative)
空想できる (potential)
くうそうできる (potential)
kūsō dekiru (potential)
空想しよう (volitional)
くうそうしよう (volitional)
kūsō shiyō (volitional)
空想しない (negative)
くうそうしない (negative)
kūsō shinai (negative)
空想せず (continuative negative)
くうそうせず (continuative negative)
kūsō sezu (continuative negative)
空想します (formal)
くうそうします (formal)
kūsō shimasu (formal)
空想した (perfective)
くうそうした (perfective)
kūsō shita (perfective)
空想して (conjunctive)
くうそうして (conjunctive)
kūsō shite (conjunctive)
空想すれば (conditional hypothetical)
くうそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kūsō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(Buddhism) to think in a way that exhibits attachment to sunyata


衣冠

衣冠 (canonical)
ikan (romanization)
ikwan (romanization)
いくわん (hiragana historical)

(historical, clothing) regular court dress, originally for night-attendance


江湖

江湖 (canonical)
kōko (romanization)
kauko (romanization)
かうこ (hiragana historical)


江湖

江湖 (canonical)
gōko (romanization)
gauko (romanization)
がうこ (hiragana historical)


鸞鏡

(music) the 9th note in the Japanese chromatic scale, close to Western A sharp.


ピアノ

From Italian piano, possibly via English piano. Some sources derive this as a clipping of ピアノフォルテ (pianoforute, “pianoforte”), itself borrowed from Italian pianoforte.


霞む

霞む (canonical)
kasumu (romanization)
霞め (irrealis stem)
かすめ (irrealis stem)
kasume (irrealis)
霞め (continuative stem)
かすめ (continuative stem)
kasume (continuative)
霞む (stem terminative)
かすむ (stem terminative)
kasumu (terminative)
霞むる (attributive stem)
かすむる (attributive stem)
kasumuru (attributive)
霞むれ (realis stem)
かすむれ (realis stem)
kasumure (realis)
霞めよ (imperative stem)
かすめよ (imperative stem)
kasumeyo (imperative)
霞めず (negative)
かすめず (negative)
kasumezu (negative)
霞むれど (contrastive)
かすむれど (contrastive)
kasumuredo (contrastive)
霞むれば (causative)
かすむれば (causative)
kasumureba (causative)
霞めば (conditional)
かすめば (conditional)
kasumeba (conditional)
霞めき (past)
かすめき (past)
kasumeki (past)
霞めけり (past)
かすめけり (past)
kasumekeri (past)
霞めつ (perfect)
かすめつ (perfect)
kasumetu (perfect)
霞めぬ (perfect)
かすめぬ (perfect)
kasumenu (perfect)
霞めたり (continuative perfect)
かすめたり (continuative perfect)
kasumetari (continuative perfect)
霞めむ (volitional)
かすめむ (volitional)
kasumemu (volitional)

From Old Japanese.
From stem kasu-, cognate with classical adjective 幽し (kasukeshi, “faint”), adjective 微か (kasuka, “faint, dim”), and adverb かすかす (kasukasu, “barely”).

(theater, archaic) in kabuki, for the 下座 (geza) musicians to play weakly and quietly


金星

Compound of 金 (kin, “gold”) + 星 (hoshi, “star”). The hoshi changes to boshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

銀星: a win by a rikishi of the lower maegashira rank over an ōzeki

(sumo) a win by a rikishi of the lower maegashira rank over a yokozuna

(sumo) a gold star mark displayed on the name and ranking board at a sumo competition indicating such a win


ジッパー

ja-noun

ジッパー • (jippā)

(of jeans, or clothing, etc.) zipper (US), zip fastener (UK)


天国

[tẽ̞ŋɡo̞kɯ̟]

行きたい天国？

1995 June 1 [1993 April 17], Yōzaburō Kanari with Satō, Fumiya, “オペラ座(ざ)館(かん)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)⑥(ろく) [The Opera House Murder Case #6]”, in 金(きん)田(だ)一(いち)少(しょう)年(ねん)の事(じ)件(けん)簿(ぼ) [The Kindaichi Case Files], 14th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:

...Don’t... I don’t want help... I... didn’t mean to kill Ogata-sensei... She had nothing to do with all this... I can go where Fuyuko is now... Then again... there’s no way I’ll make it to heaven like this, is there...

‥いらん‥助かりたくない 俺は‥‥ 関係のない緒方先生まで手にかけてしまったんだ‥‥このまま冬子のいる所へ‥‥‥‥といっても‥こんな俺が天国なんて行けるわけねえか‥‥

‥Iran‥ Tasukaritaku nai Ore wa‥‥ kankei no nai Ogata Sensei made te ni kakete shimatta n da‥‥ Kono mama Fuyuko no iru tokoro e‥‥ ‥‥To itte mo‥ konna ore ga tengoku nante ikeru wake nē ka‥‥

2000 August 10, Yūma Andō with Asaki, Masashi, “BREAK(ブレイク).41(よんじゅういち) ケンカの神(かみ)様(さま) [Break 41: God of the Brawl]”, in サイコメトラーEIJI(エイジ) [Psychometrer Eiji], volume 24 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？

そうだ 満足か？


変化

変化 (canonical)
henka (romanization)
fenkwa (romanization)
へんくわ (hiragana historical)

変 (hen, “to change”) + 化 (ka, “to change into”)

compound

(sumo) a step to one side during the tachiai, the initial charge at the start of a sumo match; a sidestep


パ

Initial of パシフィック・リーグ (Pashifikku Rīgu).

ja-r

^パシフィック・^リーグ


水神

Probably from Middle Chinese 水神 (MC sywijX zyin, literally “water god”).

ltc-l

There are numerous such kami.

(mythology, Shinto): a Japanese god of water


我慢

Gaman (term)
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:我慢


阿修羅

ja-noun

阿(あ)修(しゅ)羅(ら) or 阿(あ)修(す)羅(ら) or 阿修羅(アスラ) • (ashura or asura)

阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
ashura (romanization)
asura (romanization)

From Chinese 阿修羅 /阿修罗 (āxiūluó), from Sanskrit असुर (asura).

ja:アスラ ja:阿修羅


後生

後生 (canonical)
goshō (romanization)
gosyau (romanization)
ごしやう (hiragana historical)

後生だから。


心地

心(しん)地(じ) or 心(しん)地(ち) • (shinji or shinchi) ^(←しんぢ (sindi)?)

心地 (canonical)
心地 (canonical)
shinji (romanization)
shinchi (romanization)
sindi (romanization)
しんぢ (hiragana historical)

/siːm diː/ → /simdi/ → /ɕimd͡ʑi/ → /ɕiɲd͡ʑi/
From Middle Chinese 心地 (MC sim dijH).

(Buddhism)
(Buddhism)
(Buddhism)
(Zen Buddhism)


心眼

心(しん)眼(げん) • (shingen) ^(←しんげん (singen)?)

心眼 (canonical)
shingen (romanization)
singen (romanization)
しんげん (hiragana historical)


楽譜

楽譜 (canonical)
gakufu (romanization)
がくふ (hiragana historical)

[ɡa̠kɯ̟̊ɸɯ̟]


作曲

ja-verb-suru

作(さっ)曲(きょく)する • (sakkyoku suru) transitive suru (stem 作(さっ)曲(きょく)し (sakkyoku shi), past 作(さっ)曲(きょく)した (sakkyoku shita))

作曲する (canonical)
sakkyoku suru (romanization)
作曲し (stem)
作曲した (past)
作曲し
さっきょくし
sakkyoku shi
作曲する
さっきょくする
sakkyoku suru
作曲すれ
さっきょくすれ
sakkyoku sure
作曲せよ (imperative literary)
作曲しろ (colloquial imperative)
さっきょくせよ (imperative literary)
さっきょくしろ (colloquial imperative)
sakkyoku seyo (imperative literary)
sakkyoku shiro (colloquial imperative)
作曲される (passive)
さっきょくされる (passive)
sakkyoku sareru (passive)
作曲させる (causative)
作曲さす (causative)
さっきょくさせる (causative)
さっきょくさす (causative)
sakkyoku saseru (causative)
sakkyoku sasu (causative)
作曲できる (potential)
さっきょくできる (potential)
sakkyoku dekiru (potential)
作曲しよう (volitional)
さっきょくしよう (volitional)
sakkyoku shiyō (volitional)
作曲しない (negative)
さっきょくしない (negative)
sakkyoku shinai (negative)
作曲せず (continuative negative)
さっきょくせず (continuative negative)
sakkyoku sezu (continuative negative)
作曲します (formal)
さっきょくします (formal)
sakkyoku shimasu (formal)
作曲した (perfective)
さっきょくした (perfective)
sakkyoku shita (perfective)
作曲して (conjunctive)
さっきょくして (conjunctive)
sakkyoku shite (conjunctive)
作曲すれば (conditional hypothetical)
さっきょくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sakkyoku sureba (conditional hypothetical)


単複

[tã̠mpɯ̟kɯ̟]


邪魔

Originally a Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
From Middle Chinese 邪魔 (*zia mɑ, literally “wrong, evil, perverse” + “devil, demon”). Compare modern Mandarin 邪魔 (xiémó).

ja-etym-buddhist

(Buddhism) a demon or devil of perversity, a hindrance to the practice of Buddhism


弟子

From Middle Chinese 弟子 (MC dejX tsiX). Probably the initial borrowing.

(Buddhism) on a mala or Buddhist rosary, the ten small beads closest to the end of the portion that hangs free from the largest bead


くい

kui (romanization)
kufi (romanization)
くひ (hiragana historical)


仏陀

ja-pos

仏(ぶつ)陀(だ) or 仏陀(ブッダ) • (Butsuda or Budda)

仏陀 (canonical)
仏陀 (canonical)
Butsuda (romanization)
Budda (romanization)

Borrowed from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá). The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 佛陀 (Fótuó).

2008 July 16 [2008 January 23], Hikaru Nakamura, “その２ 最聖珍道中 [Chapter 2: The Ultimate Holy Journey]”, in [聖](セイント)☆おにいさん [Saint☆Young Men], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha:

Buddha, the Enlightened. Jesus, Son of God. They are widely regarded as the founders of Buddhism and Christianity, respectively.

目覚めた人ブッダ 神の子イエス 言わずと知れた仏教とキリスト教の祖である

Mezameta hito Budda Kami no ko Iesu Iwazu to shireta Bukkyō to Kirisuto-kyō no so de aru


太鼓

Sino-Japanese compound of 太 (tai, “big, fat, thick”) + 鼓 (ko, “drum”).


火車

火車 (canonical)
kasha (romanization)
kwasya (romanization)
くわしや (hiragana historical)

/kua t͡ɕia/ → /kʷaɕʲa/ → /kaɕa/
From Middle Chinese compound 火車 (MC xwaX tsyhae).
The "steam locomotive" sense is a semantic loan from modern Chinese 火車 /火车 (huǒchē).

(Buddhism) a fiery chariot that brings sinners to hell; by extension, a form of torture using this vehicle


真実

[ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨ]

真実一路

真実一路 しんじついちろ

(Buddhism) Synonym of 真如 (shinnyo, “suchness”)


餓鬼

餓鬼 (canonical)
餓鬼 (canonical)
gaki (romanization)

Borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 餓鬼 (MC ngaH kjw+jX, “hungry + ghost”). Compare modern Min Nan reading gō-kúi. The Chinese term derives from the importation of Buddhism into China, as a translation of Sanskrit प्रेत (preta).

(Buddhism) short for 餓鬼道 (gakidō): the hungry ghost realm, one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology

餓鬼道

(Buddhism) a preta: the spirit of a jealous or greedy person who, as punishment for mortal vices, has been cursed with insatiable hunger

(Buddhism) the souls of the dead who languish in oblivion without any surviving relatives to pray for their peace