カール大帝

カール大帝 (canonical)
Kāru Taitei (romanization)

Calque of German Karl der Große, equivalent to カール (Kāru, “Carl; Karl; Charles”) + 大帝 (taitei, “great emperor”)

af

(history) Charlemagne; Charles the Great


已然

已然 (canonical)
izen (romanization)
いぜん (hiragana historical)

(chiefly grammar) already being so (see 已然形)


性自認

[se̞ːʑiɲ̟ĩɴ]

Compound of 性(せい) (sei, “gender”) + 自認(じにん) (jinin, “(self-)acknowledgment”)

ja-compound

性同一性

性同一性 せいどういつせい


唯物弁証法

ja-noun

ゆいぶつ べんしょうほう

唯(ゆい)物(ぶつ)弁(べん)証(しょう)法(ほう) • (yuibutsu benshōhō) ^(←ゆいぶつべんしようはふ (yuibutubensyoufafu)?)

唯物弁証法 (canonical)
yuibutsu benshōhō (romanization)
yuibutubensyoufafu (romanization)
ゆいぶつべんしようはふ (hiragana historical)

[jɯ̟ibɯ̟t͡sɨ bẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ːho̞ː]

Calque of German materialistische Dialektik, equivalent to 唯物 (yuibutsu, “material”, as opposed to the spirit or ideal) + 弁証法 (benshōhō, “dialectic”).

af

(philosophy, Marxism) materialistic dialectic


弁証法的唯物論

ja-noun

べんしょうほうてき ゆいぶつろん

べんしようはふてきゆいぶつろん

弁(べん)証(しょう)法(ほう)的(てき)唯(ゆい)物(ぶつ)論(ろん) • (benshōhōteki yuibutsuron) ^(←べんしようはふてきゆいぶつろん (bensyoufafutekyuibuturon)?)

弁証法的唯物論 (canonical)
benshōhōteki yuibutsuron (romanization)
bensyoufafutekyuibuturon (romanization)
べんしようはふてきゆいぶつろん (hiragana historical)

べんしょーほーてきゆいぶつろん

[bẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ːho̞ːte̞kʲi jɯ̟ibɯ̟t͡sɨɾõ̞ɴ]

Calque of German dialektischer Materialismus, equivalent to 弁証法的 (benshōhōteki, “dialectical”) + 唯物論 (yuibutsuron, “materialism”).

af

dialectical materialism
dialectical materialism

(philosophy, Marxism) dialectical materialism


毛沢東思想

ja-noun

^もう ^たくとう しそう

毛(もう)沢(たく)東(とう)思(し)想(そう) • (Mō Takutō shisō)

毛沢東思想 (canonical)
Mō Takutō shisō (romanization)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 毛澤東思想 /毛泽东思想 (Máo Zédōng sīxiǎng, literally “Mao Zedong Thought”).


クリストフォロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Χριστόφορος (Khristóphoros)


有職読み

ja-noun

有(ゆう)職(そく)読(よ)み • (yūsokuyomi) ^(←いうそくよみ (iusokuyomi)?)

有職読み (canonical)
yūsokuyomi (romanization)
iusokuyomi (romanization)
いうそくよみ (hiragana historical)

Example: reading 和田信賢 (Wada Nobukata) as 和田信賢 (Wada Shinken)

(linguistics) special reading of kanji; especially, reading given names using the 音読み (on'yomi)


故実読み

故実読み (canonical)
kojitsuyomi (romanization)


二元論

[ɲ̟iɡẽ̞n̺ɾõ̞ɴ]


使役動詞

使役動詞 (canonical)
shieki dōshi (romanization)

From 使役 (shieki, “setting to work, causative”) + 動詞 (dōshi, “verb”).


現在完了

現在完了 (canonical)
genzai kanryō (romanization)

From 現在 (genzai, “present”) + 完了 (kanryō, “completion”).

完了時制: perfect tense

完了時制 かんりょうじせい


完了時制

完了時制 (canonical)
kanryō jisei (romanization)

From 完了 (kanryō, “completion”) + 時制 (jisei, “grammatical tense”).


完了形

完了形 (canonical)
kanryōkei (romanization)

From 完了 (kanryō, “completion”) + 形 (kei, “shape, form”).

完了時制

完了時制 かんりょうじせい


素性

素性 (canonical)
sosei (romanization)
そせい (hiragana historical)

ja:弁別的素性 ja:文法範疇#屈折素性


逆接

逆接 (canonical)
gyakusetsu (romanization)

1991, Michio Ōnishi, Tansakubun no jugyō [Short-essay instruction], page 108:

記述量がふえてきている。逆接と順接の接続助詞の使用が目立つ。

Kijutsu ryō ga fuetekiteiru. Gyakusetsu to junsetsu no setsuzoku joshi no shiyō ga medatsu.

There is increasing description. The use of contrastive and resultative particles is notable.

(grammar) adversative, contrastive; a particle or conjunction that joins two phrases and indicates that their meanings contrast or differ from one another or from expectation


順接

記述量がふえてきている。逆接と順接の接続助詞の使用が目立つ。

(grammar) resultative, a particle or conjunction that joins two phrases or clauses and indicates that the first is the cause and the second is the result


順接

ja-verb-suru

順(じゅん)接(せつ)する • (junsetsu suru) suru (stem 順(じゅん)接(せつ)し (junsetsu shi), past 順(じゅん)接(せつ)した (junsetsu shita))

順接する (canonical)
junsetsu suru (romanization)
順接し (stem)
順接した (past)

2004, Hajime Takamizawa, Shin hajimete no Nihongo kyōiku [New beginning Japanese textbook], connective particle, page 100:

「優しくてきれい」「映画を見なりテニスをしたりした」「頭が痛いしせきも出る」の中の「て、たり、し、ながら、つつ」のように文を順接するものや、「夏は涼しいが、冬は暖かい」の中の「が、けれど、のに」のように逆接の意味を表す

“yasashikute kirei” “eiga o minari tenisu o shitari shita” “atama ga itai shi seki mo deru” no naka no “te, tari, shi, nagara, tsutsu” no yō ni bun o junsetsu suru mono ya, “natsu wa suzushī ga, fuyu wa atatakai” no naka no “ga, keredo, noni” no yō ni gyakusetsu no imi o arawasu

In phrases such as “gentle and lovely”, “was watching movies and playing tennis”, “a headache and coughing”, words such as “te, tari, shi, nagara, tsutsu” that connect meanings, or in “cool summer but warm winter”, words such as “ga, keredo, noni” that express contrast in meaning

(grammar) to connect two or more predicates, to indicate cause and effect, to specify a result


バステト

(Egyptian mythology) Bastet - the ancient Egyptian goddess of cosmetics, cats, love, etc.


セクメト

(Egyptian mythology) Sekhmet - the ancient Egyptian goddess of illness.


自然法

ja-noun

自(し)然(ぜん)法(ほう) • (shizenhō) ^(←しぜんはふ (sizenfafu)?)

自然法 (canonical)
shizenhō (romanization)
sizenfafu (romanization)
しぜんはふ (hiragana historical)

[ɕizẽ̞ɰ̃ho̞ː]


ハトホル

(Egyptian mythology) Hathor - the ancient Egyptian goddess of love, beauty, music, etc.


シュー

(Egyptian mythology) Shu (the ancient Egyptian god of peace, air and wind)


テフヌト

(Egyptian mythology) Tefnut - the ancient Egyptian goddess of moisture, dew and rain


イヒ

(Egyptian mythology) Ihy - the ancient Egyptian god of joy


セベク

(Egyptian mythology) Sobek; the ancient Egyptian god of fertility


アメン

(Egyptian mythology) Amun - the ancient Egyptian god of hidden things


アトゥム

(Egyptian mythology) Atum - ancient Egyptian god


ホルス

From Late Latin Hōrus, from Ancient Greek Ὧρος (Hôros), from Egyptian ḥr.


蘇民将来

蘇民将来 (canonical)
Somin Shōrai (romanization)

[so̞mʲĩɰ̃ɕo̞ːɾa̠i]

(Japanese mythology) the name of a poor man who hosted a god in disguise. For this deed his descendants received a charm against pestilence


天神地祇

天(てん)神(じん)地(ち)祇(ぎ) or 天(てん)神(しん)地(ち)祇(ぎ) • (tenjin chigi or tenshin chigi)

天神地祇 (canonical)
天神地祇 (canonical)
tenjin chigi (romanization)
tenshin chigi (romanization)

[tẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑiɲ̟ t͡ɕiɡʲi]

天神 (“heavenly gods”) + 地祇 (“earthly gods”)

af

(Japanese mythology) heavenly gods and earthly gods; all the gods


瑶池

瑶池 (canonical)
Yōchi (romanization)
Euti (romanization)
えうち (hiragana historical)

(Chinese religion, Chinese mythology) Jade Pond; Gem Pond (a mythical location in the Kunlun Mountains associated with the Queen Mother of the West)


ハ行転呼

ハ行転呼 (canonical)
ha-gyō tenko (romanization)

[ha̠ɡʲo̞ː tẽ̞ŋko̞]

Compound of ハ行 (ha-gyō, “ha-row”) + 転呼 (tenko, “pronunciation shift”, specific to how a kana character may take on an irregular pronunciation in certain contexts). So called for the way this particular pronunciation shift affected the set of morae in Japanese that began with the /f/ sound at that time, represented by the kana in the row starting with は or ハ (ha) in the modern pronunciation and ordering.

compound

だが私は、『寂』や『昆』におけるハ行転呼の注記というものはもっと大まかなものであろうと考えている。

1972, 秋永一枝, 古今和歌集声点本の研究: 硏究篇

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

平安末ければならないはずであるが、九条家本『法華経音』のフ入声が特立された時点で、すでにハ行転呼の現象によって、音であったかは直接関係がないとされた。

1988, 奥村三雄, 奥村三雄教授退官記念国語学論叢

ひひらく(ぐ)のように第二音節がハ行転呼を起こさない語形も考えられる。

1994, 小学館, 小学館古語大辞典

(linguistics) a specific historical consonantal shift of the Japanese language during the Heian Period, wherein many word-medial /f/ sounds changed to /w/ sounds


ハ行転呼音

ja-noun

ハ-ぎょう てんこ.おん

ハ行(ぎょう)転(てん)呼(こ)音(おん) • (ha-gyō tenkoon)

ハ行転呼音 (canonical)
ha-gyō tenkoon (romanization)

From ハ行 (ha-gyō, “ha-row”) + 転呼音 (tenkoon, “historical sound shift”).

com

(linguistics) a historical consonantal shift of the Japanese language involving the kana は/ハ (ha), ひ/ヒ (hi), ふ/フ (fu), へ/ヘ (he), and ほ/ホ (ho)


天香具山

天香具山 (canonical)
Ama no Kaguyama (romanization)

From Old Japanese 天香具山 (Ame₂ no₂ Kaguyama), using the bound apophonic form 天 (ama, “heaven”) in place of ame.

(Japanese mythology) the fabled mountain at the 高天原 (takama no hara, “heavens”)


ゼーレ

ja-noun

ゼーレ • (zēre)

(religion, folklore) synonym of 魂 (tamashī, “soul”)


鼻濁音

[bʲida̠kɯ̟õ̞ɴ]

鼻 (bi, “nose, nasal”) + 濁音 (dakuon, “voiced sound”), i.e. a nasalised voiced consonant

compound

(linguistics) The allophonic variation of [ŋ] for /ɡ/ in the Japanese language.

か゚

The characters used to represent [ŋ] allophonically


か゚

The character か (ka) with a 半濁点 (handakuten, “half-voiced mark”).

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable か゚ (nga). Its equivalent in katakana is カ゚ (nga).


カ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable カ゚ (nga). Its equivalent in hiragana is か゚ (nga).

Halfwidth katakana characters ｱｧ ｲｨ ｳｩ ｴｪ ｵｫ ｶ ｷ ｸ ｹ ｺ ｻ ｼ ｽ ｾ ｿ ﾀ ﾁ ﾂｯ ﾃ ﾄ ﾅ ﾆ ﾇ ﾈ ﾉ ﾊ ﾋ ﾌ ﾍ ﾎ ﾏ ﾐ ﾑ ﾒ ﾓ ﾔｬ ﾕｭ ﾖｮ ﾗ ﾘ ﾙ ﾚ ﾛ ﾜ ｦ ﾝ

Taiwanese kana tone signs 𚿰 𚿱 𚿲 𚿳 𚿵 𚿶 𚿷 𚿸 𚿹 𚿺 𚿻 𚿽 𚿾


き゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable き゚ (ngi). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ (ngi).


キ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable キ゚ (ngi). Its equivalent in hiragana is き゚ (ngi).


く゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable く゚ (ngu). Its equivalent in katakana is ク゚ (ngu).


ク゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable ク゚ (ngu). Its equivalent in hiragana is く゚ (ngu).


け゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable け゚ (nge). Its equivalent in katakana is ケ゚ (nge).


ケ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable ケ゚ (nge). Its equivalent in hiragana is け゚ (nge).


コ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable コ゚ (ngo). Its equivalent in hiragana is こ゚ (ngo).


過去形

Compound of 過(か)去(こ) (kako, “past”) + 形(けい) (kei, “form”).

com-ja

“do”の過去形は“did”だ。


情性

ja-noun

情(じょう)性(せい) • (jōsei) ^(←じやうせい (zyausei)?)

情性 (canonical)
jōsei (romanization)
zyausei (romanization)
じやうせい (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːse̞ː]

2015, Uchiyama Ayako (内山(うちやま)絢(あや)子(こ)), 面白(おもしろ)いほどよくわかる！犯罪(はんざい)心(しん)理(り)学(がく) [Surprisingly understandable: Criminal psychology], Seitosha (西東(せいとう)社(しゃ)), →ISBN, page 80:

Affect refers to human emotions, such as sympathy, pity, intimacy, consideration, empathy, and shame, so an affect-lacking person means one who does not have such human emotions.

情性とは同情や憐れみ、親しみ、思いやり、共感、羞恥心など、人としての感情のことで、情性欠如者とは、人の心を持たないということになります。

Jōsei to wa dōjō ya awaremi, shitashimi, omoiyari, kyōkan, shūchishin nado, hito to shite no kanjō no koto de, jōsei ketsujosha to wa, hito no kokoro o motanai to iu koto ni narimasu.

(psychology, psychiatry) affect (subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus)


反映論

反(はん)映(えい)論(ろん) • (han'eiron) ^(←はんえいろん (fan'eiron)?)

反映論 (canonical)
han'eiron (romanization)
fan'eiron (romanization)
はんえいろん (hiragana historical)

[hã̠ɰ̃e̞ːɾõ̞ɴ]

Calque of German Widerspiegelungstheorie.
Compound of 反(はん)映(えい) (han'ei, “reflection”) + 論(ろん) (ron, “theory”).

ja-compound

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
de:Widerspiegelungstheorie


解題

ja-verb-suru

解(かい)題(だい)する • (kaidai suru) suru (stem 解(かい)題(だい)し (kaidai shi), past 解(かい)題(だい)した (kaidai shita))

解題する (canonical)
kaidai suru (romanization)
解題し (stem)
解題した (past)
解題し
かいだいし
kaidai shi
解題する
かいだいする
kaidai suru
解題すれ
かいだいすれ
kaidai sure
解題せよ (imperative literary)
解題しろ (colloquial imperative)
かいだいせよ (imperative literary)
かいだいしろ (colloquial imperative)
kaidai seyo (imperative literary)
kaidai shiro (colloquial imperative)
解題される (passive)
かいだいされる (passive)
kaidai sareru (passive)
解題させる (causative)
解題さす (causative)
かいだいさせる (causative)
かいだいさす (causative)
kaidai saseru (causative)
kaidai sasu (causative)
解題できる (potential)
かいだいできる (potential)
kaidai dekiru (potential)
解題しよう (volitional)
かいだいしよう (volitional)
kaidai shiyō (volitional)
解題しない (negative)
かいだいしない (negative)
kaidai shinai (negative)
解題せず (continuative negative)
かいだいせず (continuative negative)
kaidai sezu (continuative negative)
解題します (formal)
かいだいします (formal)
kaidai shimasu (formal)
解題した (perfective)
かいだいした (perfective)
kaidai shita (perfective)
解題して (conjunctive)
かいだいして (conjunctive)
kaidai shite (conjunctive)
解題すれば (conditional hypothetical)
かいだいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kaidai sureba (conditional hypothetical)


奈良時代

From 奈良 (Nara, the capital of ancient Japan at that time) + 時代 (jidai, “age, era”).

com

(history) the Nara period (710 - 794 CE)


辞書形

Compound of 辞書 (jisho, “dictionary”) + 形 (kei, “form”)


ナリ活用

ja-noun

ナリ活用(かつよう) • (nari katsuyō) ^(←なりくわつよう (narikwatuyou)?)

ナリ活用 (canonical)
nari katsuyō (romanization)
narikwatuyou (romanization)
なりくわつよう (hiragana historical)

From なり (nari, “to be”, archaic) + 活用 (katsuyō, “declension, inflection”).
The classical verb nari itself is a contraction of particle に (ni) and classical verb あり (ari).

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) an adjective inflection class with the following inflections: -nara/-nari (or ni)/-nari/-naru/-nare/-nare


タリ活用

ja-noun

タリ活用(かつよう) • (tari katsuyō) ^(←たりくわつよう (tarikwatuyou)?)

タリ活用 (canonical)
tari katsuyō (romanization)
tarikwatuyou (romanization)
たりくわつよう (hiragana historical)

From たり (tari, “to be”, archaic) + 活用 (katsuyō, “declension, inflection”).
The classical verb tari itself is a contraction of particle と (to) and classical verb あり (ari).

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) an adjective inflection class with the following inflections: -tara/-tari (or to)/-tari/-taru/-tare/-tare


シク活用

ja-noun

シク活用(かつよう) • (shiku katsuyō) ^(←しくくわつよう (sikukwatuyou)?)

シク活用 (canonical)
shiku katsuyō (romanization)
sikukwatuyou (romanization)
しくくわつよう (hiragana historical)

From しく (-shiku, variant 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of adjectival suffix し (-shi)) + 活用 (katsuyō, “declension, inflection”).

com

(Classical Japanese grammar) an adjective inflection class for some classical adjectives ending in -shi:


ク活用

ja-noun

ク活用(かつよう) • (ku katsuyō) ^(←くくわつよう (kukwatuyou)?)

ク活用 (canonical)
ku katsuyō (romanization)
kukwatuyou (romanization)
くくわつよう (hiragana historical)

From く (-ku, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of adjectival suffix し (-shi)) + 活用 (katsuyō, “declension, inflection”).


死に神

死に神 (canonical)
shinigami (romanization)

English: shinigami

First attested in the mid-Edo period, cited to a text in 1709.
Compound of 死に (shini, “dying”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 死ぬ (shinu), “to die”) + 神 (kami, “god, spirit”). The kami changes to gami as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


類語

(linguistics) synonym, parasynonym (word that has a similar meaning to another, but is not interchangeable)


高低アクセント

ja-noun

高(こう)低(てい)アクセント • (kōtei akusento) ^(←かうていアクセント (kautei akusento)?)

高低アクセント (canonical)
kōtei akusento (romanization)
kautei akusento (romanization)
かうていアクセント (hiragana historical)

From 高低 (kōtei, “high and low”) + アクセント (akusento, “accent”).

af

(phonology) accent that relies on the highs and lows of pitch, such as pitch accent in Japanese or tonal accent in Chinese


強弱アクセント

ja-noun

きょうじゃく アクセント

きやうじやく アクセント

強(きょう)弱(じゃく)アクセント • (kyōjaku akusento) ^(←きやうじやくアクセント (kyauzyaku akusento)?)

強弱アクセント (canonical)
kyōjaku akusento (romanization)
kyauzyaku akusento (romanization)
きやうじやくアクセント (hiragana historical)

[kʲo̞ːʑa̠kɯ̟ a̠kɯ̟̊sẽ̞nto̞]

From 強弱 (kyōjaku, “strong and weak”) + アクセント (akusento, “accent”).


後漢書

[ɡo̞kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞]

(history) Book of the Later Han (a book covering the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE)


天照大神

ja-pos

天(あま)照(てらす)大(おおみ)神(かみ) or 天(てん)照(しょう)大(だい)神(じん) • (Amaterasu Ōmikami or Tenshō Daijin) ^(←あまてらすおほみかみ (Amaterasu Ofomikami) or てんせうだいじん (Tenseu Daizin)?)

天照大神 (canonical)
天照大神 (canonical)
Amaterasu Ōmikami (romanization)
Tenshō Daijin (romanization)
Amaterasu Ofomikami (romanization)
Tenseu Daizin (romanization)
あまてらすおほみかみ (hiragana historical)
てんせうだいじん (hiragana historical)

[tẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ː da̠iʑĩɴ]

Amaterasu Ōmikami: Old Japanese, 天照らす (amaterasu, “to shine in heaven”) + 大御神 (ōmikami, literally “great august god”)
Tenshō Daijin: 音読み (on’yomi) of the spelling


イネーブラー

ja-noun

イネーブラー • (inēburā)

[ine̞ːbɯ̟ɾa̠ː]

2015 February 3, Abe Takaaki, “Go-kinjo no oishasan [Neighborhood doctor]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, Tottori, page 23:

Enablers do not mean to help addicts harm themselves. On the contrary most think, “If I do not help, this person will destroy herself,” and help out of feelings of compassion.

イネーブラーは依存症者を破滅させるために手を貸しているわけではありません。その逆に「ここで手を貸さなければ、この人は破滅してしまう」という相手を思いやる気持ちから手を貸していることが大半です。

Inēburā wa izon shōsha o hametsu saseru tame ni te o kashiteiru wake de wa arimasen. Sono gyaku ni “koko de te o kasanakereba, kono hito wa hametsu shiteshimau” to iu aite o omoi yaru kimochi kara te o kashiteiru koto ga taihan desu.

(psychology) a person who encourages some behavior (often, drug abuse or other bad behavior) in another


文語形

[bɯ̟̃ŋɡo̞ke̞ː]

Compound of 文語 (“written language”) + 形 (“form”)

(linguistics) word form used in literary language


口語形

Compound of 口語 (“spoken language”) + 形 (“form”)

(linguistics) word form primarily used in spoken language


冠者

冠(かん)者(じゃ) • (kanja) ^(←くわんじや (kwanzya)?)

冠者 (canonical)
kanja (romanization)
kwanzya (romanization)
くわんじや (hiragana historical)

[kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠]

/kwanzja/ → /kaɴd͡ʑa/
冠(かん) (kan, “crown”) + 者(しゃ) (-sha, “someone”), literally "someone who crowned".

(historical, etymology) a boy who already had done genpuku (coming-of-age ceremony) to wear his own crown; young man


ら゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable ら゚ (la). Its equivalent in katakana is ラ゚ (la).


ラ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable ラ゚ (la). Its equivalent in hiragana is ら゚ (la).


り゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable り゚ (li). Its equivalent in katakana is リ゚ (li).


リ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable リ゚ (li). Its equivalent in hiragana is り゚ (li).


形而下

Coined by Japanese philosopher Inoue Tetsujirō in 1881 in his work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) as a translation of English concrete, based on the phrase 形而下者、謂之器 in the Book of Changes (《易經》).

lw

Book of Changes
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru
University of Tokyo


口裂け女

口裂け女 (canonical)
kuchisake onna (romanization)

[kɯ̟̊t͡ɕisa̠ke̞ õ̞nːa̠]

Compound of 口 (kuchi, “mouth”) + 裂け (sake, 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 裂ける (sakeru, “to tear, to split, to rip open”)) + 女 (onna, “woman”), literally “slit-mouthed woman”.

com

(folklore) a yokai resembling a woman with a mouth that is slit from ear to ear.


き゚ゃ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable き゚ゃ (ngya). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ャ (ngya).


き゚ゅ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable き゚ゅ (ngyu). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ュ (ngyu).


き゚ょ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable き゚ょ (ngyo). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ョ (ngyo).


統覚

ja-verb-suru

統(とう)覚(かく)する • (tōkaku suru) suru (stem 統(とう)覚(かく)し (tōkaku shi), past 統(とう)覚(かく)した (tōkaku shita))

統覚する (canonical)
tōkaku suru (romanization)
統覚し (stem)
統覚した (past)
統覚し
とうかくし
tōkaku shi
統覚する
とうかくする
tōkaku suru
統覚すれ
とうかくすれ
tōkaku sure
統覚せよ (imperative literary)
統覚しろ (colloquial imperative)
とうかくせよ (imperative literary)
とうかくしろ (colloquial imperative)
tōkaku seyo (imperative literary)
tōkaku shiro (colloquial imperative)
統覚される (passive)
とうかくされる (passive)
tōkaku sareru (passive)
統覚させる (causative)
統覚さす (causative)
とうかくさせる (causative)
とうかくさす (causative)
tōkaku saseru (causative)
tōkaku sasu (causative)
統覚できる (potential)
とうかくできる (potential)
tōkaku dekiru (potential)
統覚しよう (volitional)
とうかくしよう (volitional)
tōkaku shiyō (volitional)
統覚しない (negative)
とうかくしない (negative)
tōkaku shinai (negative)
統覚せず (continuative negative)
とうかくせず (continuative negative)
tōkaku sezu (continuative negative)
統覚します (formal)
とうかくします (formal)
tōkaku shimasu (formal)
統覚した (perfective)
とうかくした (perfective)
tōkaku shita (perfective)
統覚して (conjunctive)
とうかくして (conjunctive)
tōkaku shite (conjunctive)
統覚すれば (conditional hypothetical)
とうかくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
tōkaku sureba (conditional hypothetical)


長呼

長呼 (canonical)
chōko (romanization)
tyauko (romanization)
ちやうこ (hiragana historical)

(linguistics) lengthening of the vowel of a single mora to produce two morae


キ゚ャ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable キ゚ャ (ngya). Its equivalent in hiragana is き゚ゃ (ngya).


き゚ぇ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable き゚ぇ (ngye). Its equivalent in katakana is キ゚ェ (ngye).


る゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable る゚ (lu). Its equivalent in katakana is ル゚ (lu).


ル゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable ル゚ (lu). Its equivalent in hiragana is る゚ (lu).


れ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable れ゚ (le). Its equivalent in katakana is レ゚ (le).


レ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable レ゚ (le). Its equivalent in hiragana is れ゚ (le).


ろ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable ろ゚ (lo). Its equivalent in katakana is ロ゚ (lo).


ロ゚

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable ロ゚ (lo). Its equivalent in hiragana is ろ゚ (lo).


く゚ゎ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable く゚ゎ (ngwa). Its equivalent in katakana is ク゚ヮ (ngwa).


ク゚ヮ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The katakana syllable ク゚ヮ (ngwa). Its equivalent in hiragana is く゚ゎ (ngwa).


倒置法

ja-noun

倒(とう)置(ち)法(ほう) • (tōchihō) ^(←たうちはふ (tautifafu)?)

倒置法 (canonical)
tōchihō (romanization)
tautifafu (romanization)
たうちはふ (hiragana historical)


戸部

戸部 (canonical)
戸部 (canonical)
Kobu (romanization)
Kohō (romanization)

(history, government, of feudal China) the Ministry of Revenue


ゲゼルシャフト

[ɡe̞ze̞ɾɯ̟ɕa̠ɸɯ̟to̞]


ゲマインシャフト

[ɡe̞ma̠ĩɰ̃ɕa̠ɸɯ̟to̞]


アクセント核

アクセント核 (canonical)
akusento-kaku (romanization)

From アクセント (akusento, “accent”) + 核(かく) (kaku, “core; kernel; nucleus”).

ja-compound

(Japanese phonology) an accent kernel/nucleus/locus (the so-called "accented" mora of an utterance, which singly occurs for each utterance and which immediately precedes a drop in pitch from high to low)

ja:アクセント#日本語のアクセント


チャネリング

[t͡ɕa̠ne̞ɾʲĩŋɡɯ̟]


自他

自他 (canonical)
jita (romanization)
zita (romanization)
じた (hiragana historical)


く゚ぃ

(nonstandard, linguistics) The hiragana syllable く゚ぃ (ngwi). Its equivalent in katakana is ク゚ィ (ngwi).


戦国時代

戦国時代 (canonical)
Sengoku Jidai (romanization)

ja:戦国時代
ja:戦国時代 (中国)
ja:戦国時代 (日本)

[sẽ̞ŋɡo̞kɯ̟ d͡ʑida̠i]

(history) the Warring States period (of both Chinese and Japanese history)

the Warring States period of Chinese history (c. 475 – 221 BC).

the Sengoku period in Japanese history (in the 15th and 16th centuries).


単純語

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ̃ŋɡo̞]


石狩

From Ainu, with multiple possible etymons.

ja:石狩川 ja:石狩市 ja:石狩郡

石狩国

(history) Ishikari (a province of Japan)


産霊

ja-pos

産(むす)霊(ひ) or 産(むす)霊(び) or 産(むす)霊(ぶ) • (Musuhi or Musubi or Musubu)

産霊 (canonical)
産霊 (canonical)
産霊 (canonical)
Musuhi (romanization)
Musubi (romanization)
Musubu (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?], 産す (musu, “to birth”) + 霊 (hi, “spirit”)

af

産霊の神

高御産巣日神 / 高皇産霊尊

Takamimusuhi no Kami / Takamimusuhi no Mikoto


倭奴国

ja-pos

^わ の ^な の ^くに

倭奴国 (canonical)
Wa no Na no Kuni (romanization)

倭 (Wa) + の (no, genitive marker) + 奴国 (Na no Kuni)


奴国

ja-pos

奴(なの)国(くに) or 奴(な)国(こく) • (Na no Kuni or Nakoku)

奴国 (canonical)
奴国 (canonical)
Na no Kuni (romanization)
Nakoku (romanization)

奴 (Na, literally “slave”) + 国 (kuni, koku, “country”). See also 倭奴 (wado, wanu, “Japanese person/people”, literally “Wa slave(s)”).


黄道十二宮

ja-noun

こうどう じゅうにきゅう

くわうだう じふにきゆう

黄(こう)道(どう)十(じゅう)二(に)宮(きゅう) • (kōdō jūnikyū) ^(←くわうだうじふにきゆう (kwaudau zifunikyuu)?)

黄道十二宮 (canonical)
kōdō jūnikyū (romanization)
kwaudau zifunikyuu (romanization)
くわうだうじふにきゆう (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːdo̞ː d͡ʑɨːɲ̟ikʲɨː]


日満

日 (“Japan”) + 満 (“Manchuria”) or blend of 日本 (Nihon, Nippon, “Japan”) + 満州 (Manshū, “Manchuria”)

blend

日満議定書

(history, chiefly attributive) Japan and Manchuria


日清

日 (“Japan”) + 清 (“Qing”) or blend of 日本 (Nihon, Nippon, “Japan”) + 清国 (Shinkoku, “Qing's China”)

日清修好条規

the Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty

(history, chiefly attributive) Japan and China under the Qing dynasty


日ソ

Blend of 日本 (Nihon, Nippon, “Japan”) + ソビエト (Sobieto, “Soviet”)

日ソ基本条約

日ソ共同宣言

日ソ中立条約

(history, chiefly attributive) Japan and the Soviet Union


日独伊

日独伊 (canonical)
Nichidokui (romanization)

日 (“Japan”) + 独 (“Germany”) + 伊 (“Italy”) or blend of 日本 (Nihon, Nippon, “Japan”) + 独逸 (Doitsu, “Germany”) + 伊太利 (Itaria, “Italy”)

blend

(日独伊)三国同盟

the Tripartite Pact (between Japan, Germany and Italy)

(日独伊)防共協定

the Anti-Comintern Pact (between Japan, Germany and Italy)

(history, chiefly attributive) Japan, Germany and Italy


贓贖司

ja-pos

^あがないもの の ^つかさ

贓贖(あがないものの)司(つかさ) • (Aganaimono no Tsukasa)

贓贖司 (canonical)
Aganaimono no Tsukasa (romanization)

贖物 (aganaimono, “fine; damages”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 司 (tsukasa, “office; official”)

af

(history, law enforcement) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position under the 刑部省 (Gyōbushō, “Ministry of Justice”), responsible for asset forfeiture


主油司

主油司 (canonical)
Abura no Tsukasa (romanization)

油 (abura, “oil”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 司 (tsukasa, “office”)

(history, government) a 律令 (ritsuryō) office under the 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”), responsible for managing animal and plant oil production


市司

市司 (canonical)
Ichi no Tsukasa (romanization)

市 (ichi, “market(place)”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 司 (tsukasa, “office; official”)

(history, government) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position responsible for managing marketplaces


楽官

ja-pos

^うたまい の ^つかさ

楽官 (canonical)
Utamai no Tsukasa (romanization)

歌舞 (utamai, “singing and dancing”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 官 (tsukasa, “office; official”)

af

(history, government, music) all 律令 (ritsuryō) offices responsible for court musical activities

(history, government, music) all 律令 (ritsuryō) officials responsible for court musical activities

(history, government, music) synonym of 雅楽寮 (Gagakuryō)


雅楽寮

雅楽寮 (canonical)
Gagakuryō (romanization)

[ɡa̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ɾʲo̞ː]

(history, government, music) a 律令 (ritsuryō) department under the 治部省 (Jibushō, “Ministry of Ceremonies”), responsible for court musical activities


雅楽寮

[ɯ̟ta̠ɾʲo̞ː]


雅楽寮

ja-pos

雅楽(うた)寮(づかさ) or 雅楽(うた)寮(つかさ) • (Utazukasa or Utatsukasa)

雅楽寮 (canonical)
雅楽寮 (canonical)
Utazukasa (romanization)
Utatsukasa (romanization)


雅楽寮

雅楽寮 (canonical)
Uta no Tsukasa (romanization)

歌 (uta, “song”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 寮 (tsukasa, “office”)


内礼司

内礼司 (canonical)
Nairaishi (romanization)

(history, government) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position under the 中務省 (Nakatsukasashō, “Ministry of the Center”), responsible for conducting court rituals


内礼司

ja-pos

^うち の ^いや の ^つかさ

内(うちの)礼(いやの)司(つかさ) • (Uchi no Iya no Tsukasa)

内礼司 (canonical)
Uchi no Iya no Tsukasa (romanization)

内 (uchi, “inside”, as in "inside the court") + の (no, genitive marker) + 礼 (iya, “ritual”) + の + 司 (tsukasa, “office; official”)


後宮十二司

ja-pos

後(こう)宮(きゅう)十(じゅう)二(に)司(し) • (Kōkyū Jūnishi)

後宮十二司 (canonical)
Kōkyū Jūnishi (romanization)

後宮(こうきゅう) (kōkyū, “Inner Palace”) + 十二司(じゅうにし) (jūnishi, “Twelve Positions”)

ja-compound

(history) the twelve 律令 (ritsuryō) positions inside the Japanese Imperial Inner Palace


内侍司

内侍司 (canonical)
Naishi no Tsukasa (romanization)

内侍 (“lady-in-waiting”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“position”)

af

(history) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that attends to the Emperor


蔵司

蔵司 (canonical)
Kurazukasa (romanization)

(history, clothing) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that manages the Emperor and Empress's wardrobe


蔵司

蔵司 (canonical)
Kura no Tsukasa (romanization)

蔵 (“storehouse”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“position”)


内蔵寮

蔵 (kura, “storehouse”) + 寮 (ryō, “department”)

(history, government) a 律令 (ritsuryō) treasury department under the 中務省 (Nakatsukasashō, “Ministry of the Center”)


内蔵寮

内蔵寮 (canonical)
Kurazukasa (romanization)

蔵 (kura, “storehouse”) + 寮 (tsukasa, “office”)


内蔵寮

内蔵寮 (canonical)
Kura no Tsukasa (romanization)

蔵 (kura, “storehouse”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 寮 (tsukasa, “office”)


内蔵寮

ja-pos

^うち の ^くら の ^つかさ

内(うちの)蔵(くらの)寮(つかさ) • (Uchi no Kura no Tsukasa)

内蔵寮 (canonical)
Uchi no Kura no Tsukasa (romanization)

内蔵 (uchi no kura, “treasury”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 寮 (tsukasa, “office”)


書司

(history) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that manages books and stationery


書司

ja-pos

書(ふみの)司(つかさ) or 書(ふんの)司(つかさ) • (Fumi no Tsukasa or Fun no Tsukasa)

書司 (canonical)
書司 (canonical)
Fumi no Tsukasa (romanization)
Fun no Tsukasa (romanization)

From 書 (“writing material”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“position”).


図書寮

ja-pos

図(ず)書(しょ)寮(りょう) or 図(と)書(しょ)寮(りょう) • (Zushoryō or Toshoryō)

図書寮 (canonical)
図書寮 (canonical)
Zushoryō (romanization)
Toshoryō (romanization)

(history, government) a 律令 (ritsuryō) department under the 中務省 (Nakatsukasashō, “Ministry of the Center”), responsible for managing books and stationery used by officials

(history, government) a Meiji department under the 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”), responsible for managing books for the Imperial Household


図書寮

図書寮 (canonical)
Fumi no Tsukasa (romanization)

From 書 (“writing material”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“office”).


薬司

(history, medicine) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that manages medicines


薬司

薬司 (canonical)
Kusuri no Tsukasa (romanization)

薬 (“medicine”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“position”)


典薬寮

典薬寮 (canonical)
Ten'yakuryō (romanization)

(history, government, medicine) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position under the 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”), responsible for providing medicines and medical treatments for the court


典薬寮

典薬寮 (canonical)
Kusuri no Tsukasa (romanization)

薬 (“medicine”) + の (genitive marker) + 寮 (“position”)


兵司

ja-pos

^つわもの の ^つかさ

兵司 (canonical)
Tsuwamono no Tsukasa (romanization)

兵 (“soldier”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“position”)

af

(history, weaponry) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that manages weapons


兵司

ja-pos

兵(へい)司(し) or 兵(ひょう)司(し) • (Heishi or Hyōshi)

兵司 (canonical)
兵司 (canonical)
Heishi (romanization)
Hyōshi (romanization)


八省

(history, government) the eight 律令 (ritsuryō) ministries


闈司

(history) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that manages receipts and the key to the imperial gate


闈司

御門 (“imperial gate”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“position”)


殿司

(history) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that's responsible for cleaning outside and lighting the palace


殿司

ja-pos

殿(とのもり)司(づかさ) or 殿(とのも)司(づかさ) • (Tonomorizukasa or Tonomozukasa)

殿司 (canonical)
殿司 (canonical)
Tonomorizukasa (romanization)
Tonomozukasa (romanization)

殿守 (tonomori, “palace upkeep”) + 司 (tsukasa, “position”)


掃司

(history) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that's responsible for maintaining and cleaning the court interior


掃司

ja-pos

^かにもり の ^つかさ

掃(かもり)司(づかさ) or 掃(かにもりの)司(つかさ) • (Kamori Zukasa or Kanimori no Tsukasa)

掃司 (canonical)
掃司 (canonical)
Kamori Zukasa (romanization)
Kanimori no Tsukasa (romanization)


水司

Sino-Japanese reading of Moi(tori) no Tsukasa below.

(history) a 律令 (Ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “inner palace”) that manages water and ice


水司

^もいとり の ^つかさ

水(もいの)司(つかさ) or 水(もいとりの)司(つかさ) • (Moi no Tsukasa or Moitori no Tsukasa)

水司 (canonical)
水司 (canonical)
Moi no Tsukasa (romanization)
Moitori no Tsukasa (romanization)

From 水 (moi, “drinkable water”) or 水取り (moitori, “water-bearer”) + の (no, genitive particle) + 司 (tsukasa, “government office”, especially in medieval/early-modern Japan)


膳司

(history) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that manages food


膳司

ja-pos

^かしわで の ^つかさ

膳司 (canonical)
Kashiwade no Tsukasa (romanization)

膳 (“cook”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“position”)


造酒司

(history) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position under the 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”), responsible for brewing liquor for the court


造酒司

造酒司 (canonical)
Miki no Tsukasa (romanization)

御酒 (“imperial liquor”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“position”)


縫司

縫司 (canonical)
Nui no Tsukasa (romanization)

縫 (“sewing”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“position”)

(history, clothing) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position in the 後宮 (Kōkyū, “Seraglio”) that's responsible for tailoring and dressmaking


礼部省

(history, government) synonym of 治部省 (Jibushō, “Ministry of Ceremonies”) (older name)


工部省

(history, government) the Ministry of Public Works


三省

(history, government, of feudal Japan) the three most important 律令 (ritsuryō) ministries (式部省, 民部省 and 兵部省)

(history, government, of feudal China) the Three Departments (中書省, 門下省 and 尚書省)


門下省

(history, government, of feudal China) the Chancellery


尚書省

尚書省 (canonical)
Shōshoshō (romanization)

(history, government, of feudal China) the Department of State Affairs


弾正台

(history, law enforcement) a type of 律令 (ritsuryō) law enforcement agency

(history, law enforcement) a type of law enforcement agency during the Meiji period


弾正台

弾正台 (canonical)
Tadasu Tsukasa (romanization)

糺す (tadasu, “to investigate”) + 司 (tsukasa, “office”)


陰陽寮

(history, government, astronomy, divination) a 律令 (ritsuryō) department under the 中務省 (Nakatsukasashō, “Ministry of the Center”), responsible for astronomical, timekeeping and divination affairs


陰陽寮

ja-pos

^おんよう の ^つかさ

陰陽寮 (canonical)
On'yō no Tsukasa (romanization)

陰陽 (“yin-yang”) + の (genitive marker) + 寮 (“office”)


陰陽寮

陰陽寮 (canonical)
Ura no Tsukasa (romanization)

占 (ura, “divination”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 寮 (tsukasa, “office”)


木工寮

(history, government, carpentry) a 律令 (ritsuryō) woodworking position under the 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”), responsible for building and maintaining court buildings


木工寮

ja-pos

^こだくみ の ^つかさ

木(こ)工(だくみの)寮(つかさ) • (Kodakumi no Tsukasa)

木工寮 (canonical)
Kodakumi no Tsukasa (romanization)

木工 (“woodworker”) + の (genitive marker) + 寮 (“position”)


主税寮

主税寮 (canonical)
Shuzeiryō (romanization)

[ɕɨze̞ːɾʲo̞ː]

(history, government, taxation) a 律令 (ritsuryō) department under the 民部省 (Minbushō, “Ministry of Popular Affairs”), responsible for collecting rice as taxes


主税寮

主税寮 (canonical)
Chikararyō (romanization)

[t͡ɕika̠ɾa̠ɾʲo̞ː]

税 (chikara, “tax”) + 寮 (ryō, “position”)


主税寮

主税寮 (canonical)
Chikara no Tsukasa (romanization)

税 (chikara, “tax”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 寮 (tsukasa, “position”)


靫負

ja-pos

靫負(ゆげい) or 靫(ゆぎ)負(え) or 靫(ゆぎ)負(おい) or 靫(ゆき)負(え) or 靫(ゆき)負(おい) • (Yugei or Yugie or Yugioi or Yukie or Yukioi)

靫負 (canonical)
靫負 (canonical)
靫負 (canonical)
靫負 (canonical)
靫負 (canonical)
Yugei (romanization)
Yugie (romanization)
Yugioi (romanization)
Yukie (romanization)
Yukioi (romanization)

/juɡiopi/ → /juɡipe/ → /juɡie/ → /juɡei/
Old Japanese [Term?], 靫 (yugi, yuki, “quiver”) + 負 (oi, “carriers”).

af

(history, military) one of the armed forces for the Yamato court before the Taika era


大炊寮

ja-pos

大(おお)炊(い)寮(りょう) • (Ōiryō)

大炊 (ōi, “great meal”) + 寮 (ryō, “position”)

af

(history, government) a 律令 (ritsuryō) position under the 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”), responsible for collecting rice and paying it to officials


大炊寮

大炊 (ōi, “great meal”) + 寮 (tsukasa, “position”)


大炊寮

大炊寮 (canonical)
Ōi no Tsukasa (romanization)

大炊 (ōi, “great meal”) + の (no, genitive marker) + 寮 (tsukasa, “position”)


郡会

(history) a district assembly/legislature


文相

Blend of 文部省 (Monbushō, “Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture”) + 相 (-shō, “minister”)

blend

(history, government) synonym of 文部大臣 (Monbu daijin, “Minister of Education, Science, Sports and Culture”)


物自体

物自体 (canonical)
monojitai (romanization)

Calque of German Ding an sich, 物 (“thing”) + 自体 (“itself”)


不気味の谷

不気味の谷 (canonical)
bukimi no tani (romanization)

From 不気味(ぶきみ) (bukimi, “eerie, uncanny”, of Middle Chinese origin, literally “bad taste and smell”) + の (no, genitive particle) + 谷(たに) (tani, “valley”).
Coined by Masahiro Mori in 1970, to describe a dip in the likeability of a humanoid robot in relation to its resemblance to the human face to the point where it becomes “uncanny”, before picking up again as the human resemblance nears perfection, thus forming a “valley”.


代動詞

Calque of English pro-verb. Compare 代(だい)名(めい)詞(し) (daimeishi, “pronoun”), 動(どう)詞(し) (dōshi, “verb”).

2017 April 13, “do no yōhō [Usage of do]”, in Kōkō netto zemi daigaku juken kōza, archived from the original on 2021-04-28:

The final usage of do is as ‘pro-verb’, the verb version of a pronoun. Since English doesn't like to use the same word again and again, it is common to use do in place of the verb the second time.

doの用法の最後は【代動詞】です。代名詞の動詞版。英語は同じ単語を何回も使うのを嫌うので、動詞も2回目はdoにしてしまうことがよくあります。

Do no yōhō no saigo wa【daidōshi】desu. Daimeishi no dōshi ban. Eigo wa onaji tango o nankai mo tsukau no o kirau no de, dōshi mo nikaime wa do ni shite shimau koto ga yoku arimasu.

(linguistics, grammar) pro-verb, pro-form of a verb


複合動詞

ja-noun

複(ふく)合(ごう)動(どう)詞(し) • (fukugō dōshi) ^(←ふくがふどうし (fukugafudousi)?)

複合動詞 (canonical)
fukugō dōshi (romanization)
fukugafudousi (romanization)
ふくがふどうし (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟ɡo̞ː do̞ːɕi]

2013 October 4, Okuda Tomoki, “Nihongo no fukugō dōshi kenkyū no shosō [Aspects of research on Japanese compound verbs]”, in Nagoya University Repository, page 1:

According to the National Japanese Language Research Institute’s “Vocabulary for research and education (1)” (1984), the main combining patterns of compound verbs are as follows. (1) verb + verb: yobiyoseru [call together], kikitogameru [question critically], hakidasu [spit out] […]

国立国語研究所『語彙の研究と教育（上）』(1984)によれば、複合動詞の主な結合パターンは以下のとおりである。
(1)動詞＋動詞 呼び寄せる、聞きとがめる、吐き出す、 […]

Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo “Goi no kenkyū to kyōiku (jō)” (1984) ni yoreba, fukugō dōshi no omo na ketsugō patān wa ika no tōri de aru.
(1) dōshi ＋ dōshi yobiyoseru, kikitogameru, hakidasu, […]

複合名詞

複合名詞 ふくごうめいし


複合名詞

複(ふく)合(ごう)名(めい)詞(し) • (fukugō meishi) ^(←ふくがふめいし (fukugafumeisi)?)

複合名詞 (canonical)
fukugō meishi (romanization)
fukugafumeisi (romanization)
ふくがふめいし (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɡo̞ːme̞ːɕi]

2018 February 28, “TOEIC ni deru fukugōmeishi 50 sen! [50 compound nouns that appear in TOEIC]”, in English Hacker:

By remembering lots of business-related compound nouns, let’s aim for a high TOEIC score!

多くのビジネスに関する複合名詞を覚えて、TOEICハイスコアを目指しましょう！

Ōku no bijinesu ni kan suru fukugōmeishi o oboete, TOEIC haisukoa o mezashimashō!

複合動詞

複合動詞 ふくごうどうし


二重母音

二重母音 (canonical)
nijū boin (romanization)

[ɲ̟iʑɨːbo̞ĩɴ]


たいげんどめ

From 体言(たいげん) (taigen) + 止(と)め (tome, “連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 止(と)める (tomeru).”). The tome changes to dome as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

(grammar) ending a sentence with a 体言 (taigen), instead of verbs (including だ (da))


不変資本

不変資本 (canonical)
fuhen shihon (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟̊he̞ɰ̃ ɕi̥hõ̞ɴ]


可変資本

可変資本 (canonical)
kahen shihon (romanization)

[ka̠he̞ɰ̃ ɕi̥hõ̞ɴ]


固定資本

固定資本 (canonical)
kotei shihon (romanization)

[ko̞te̞ː ɕi̥hõ̞ɴ]


流動資本

ja-noun

流(りゅう)動(どう)資(し)本(ほん) • (ryūdō shihon) ^(←りうどうしほん (riudou sifon)?)

流動資本 (canonical)
ryūdō shihon (romanization)
riudou sifon (romanization)
りうどうしほん (hiragana historical)

[ɾʲɨːdo̞ː ɕi̥hõ̞ɴ]


識語

識語 (canonical)
shikigo (romanization)
sikigo (romanization)
しきご (hiragana historical)

Shift from shigo (see below), using the more-common reading of 識 (shiki) for the first kanji.

(bibliography) the description of the provenance of a book, compare English preface


識語

識語 (canonical)
shigo (romanization)
sigo (romanization)
しご (hiragana historical)

From 識 (shi, “marker, sign”) + 語 (go, “speech, word”).

com

(bibliography, uncommon) the description of the provenance of a book


半母音

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Semivowel
ja:半母音
Ōsaka

Compound of 半(はん) (han-, “semi-”) + 母音(ぼいん) (boin, “vowel”).
First cited to a text from 1912 with the now-obsolete reading of hanboon. The reading appears to have shifted from hanboon to hanboin by 1922.

ja-compound

1912, 淸 榊原, “5-(2) 母音と半母音 [5-2: Vowels and Semi-vowels]”, in 自習速記術 [Self-Taught Stenography], 以文館, pages 11–12:

‘Vowels’ are the five letters a, i, u, e and o. ‘Semivowels’ are the five letters wa, wi, u, we and wo.

母音と云ふものはアイウエオの五字、半母音と云ふものはワヰウヱヲの五字を云ふのであります。

Boin to ifu mono wa aiueo no goji, hanboin to ifu mono wa waiueo no goji o ifu no de arimasu.

(obsolete, phonology) a mora with a semivowel onglide, such as や (ya) or わ (wa)


欠ページ

欠ページ (canonical)
ketsu-pēji (romanization)

(publishing, bibliography) page absence; missing page


土公神

ja-noun

土(ど)公(く)神(じん) or 土(ど)公(こう)神(じん) • (dokujin or dokōjin)

土公神 (canonical)
土公神 (canonical)
dokujin (romanization)
dokōjin (romanization)

[do̞ko̞ːʑĩɴ]

(mythology, Onmyodo) the spirit of earth


紐帯

紐(ちゅう)帯(たい) • (chūtai) ^(←ちうたい (tiutai)?)

紐帯 (canonical)
chūtai (romanization)
tiutai (romanization)
ちうたい (hiragana historical)

共同体の紐帯

社会的紐帯の強さ

朕(チン)ト爾等国民(ナンヂラコクミン)トノ間(アイダ)ノ紐帯(チウタイ)

1946, Humanity Declaration, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(by extension, including sociology) relationship between people; tie; bond


内蔵頭

内蔵頭 (canonical)
Kura no Kami (romanization)

Blend of 内蔵寮 (“Treasury”) + の (genitive marker) + 頭 (“head”)

blend

(history, government) the head of the 内蔵寮 (Kuraryō, “Treasury”)


内蔵助

内蔵助 (canonical)
Kura no Suke (romanization)

Blend of 内蔵寮 (“Treasury”) + の (genitive marker) + 助 (“deputy”)

大石内蔵助良雄

(history, government) the deputy of the 内蔵寮 (Kuraryō, “Treasury”)


内匠寮

ja-pos

^うち の ^たくみ の ^つかさ

内匠(たくみ)寮(りょう) or 内匠(たくみ)寮(づかさ) or 内匠寮(うちのたくみのつかさ) or 内(ない)匠(しょう)寮(りょう) • (Takumiryō or Takumizukasa or Uchi no Takumi no Tsukasa or Naishōryō)

内匠寮 (canonical)
内匠寮 (canonical)
内匠寮 (canonical)
内匠寮 (canonical)
Takumiryō (romanization)
Takumizukasa (romanization)
Uchi no Takumi no Tsukasa (romanization)
Naishōryō (romanization)

内匠 (“court craftsman”) + 寮 (“department”)

suf

(history, government) a department under the 中務省 (Nakatsukasashō, “Ministry of the Center”) that was responsible for furniture production

(history, government) a department under the 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”) that was responsible for court construction


内匠頭

ja-noun

^うち の ^たくみ の ^かみ

内匠(たくみの)頭(かみ) or 内(うちの)匠(たくみの)頭(かみ) • (Takumi no Kami or Uchi no Takumi no Kami)

内匠頭 (canonical)
内匠頭 (canonical)
Takumi no Kami (romanization)
Uchi no Takumi no Kami (romanization)

Blend of 内匠寮 + の (genitive marker) + 頭 (“chief”)

blend

浅野内匠頭長矩

(history, government) the chief of the 内匠寮 (Takumiryō, “Carpentry”)


原始共産制

ja-noun

原(げん)始(し)共(きょう)産(さん)制(せい) • (genshi kyōsansei)

原始共産制 (canonical)
genshi kyōsansei (romanization)

[ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi̥ kʲo̞ːsã̠ɰ̃se̞ː]

原始 (“primitive”) + 共産制 (“communism; communist system/regime”)


ルサンチマン

[ɾɯ̟sã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕimã̠ɴ]


酒呑童子

酒呑童子 (canonical)
Shuten Dōji (romanization)

[ɕɨtẽ̞ndo̞ːʑi]

酒 (“alcohol”) + 呑 (“drinking”) + 童子 (“boy”)

(mythology, Japanese mythology) an 鬼 (oni, “ogre; demon”) who dwelled in 大江山 (Ōeyama, “Mount Ōe”) and kidnapped women and children and stole money in the city


伝本

ja-noun

伝(でん)本(ぽん) • (denpon) ^(←でんぽん (denpon)?)

伝本 (canonical)
denpon (romanization)
でんぽん (hiragana historical)

本書の伝本は少ない。

(bibliography) existing / surviving copy


真仮名

真 (“true”) + 仮名. It is called "true", as opposed to hiragana and katakana which no longer retain the original shape of the Han characters (kanji) they derive from, even though it is still "false" as a type of 仮名 (kana, literally “false name”) because it is used phonetically. See also 真名 (mana, “non-phonetic kanji”, literally “true name”) and 真片仮名 (shinkatakana, “non-phonetic kanji and katakana”).

(history) a syllabary with characters drawn from kanji, such as the 万葉仮名 (Man'yōgana), that is the precursor to hiragana and katakana


有段

有段 (canonical)
yūdan (romanization)
iudan (romanization)
いうだん (hiragana historical)

有段者会

有段者会 ゆうだんしゃかい

有段変速機

有段石斧

(engineering, archaeology) having steps; being stepped


石斧

石斧 (canonical)
sekifu (romanization)
せきふ (hiragana historical)


ク語法

ク語法 (canonical)
ク語法 (canonical)
ku-gohō (romanization)

[kɯ̟ɡo̞ho̞ː]

(grammar) the use of the Classical Japanese nominalizer く (ku)


二段活用

二段活用 (canonical)
nidan katsuyō (romanization)

上(かみ)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) 上二段活用#Japanese

下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) 下二段活用#Japanese

(grammar) The Classical Japanese bigrade verb conjugation class, consisting of the two subclasses of 上(かみ)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper-bigrade conjugation”) and 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower-bigrade conjugation”)

一段活用

一段活用 いちだんかつよう


一段活用

一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) • (ichidan katsuyō)

一段活用 (canonical)
ichidan katsuyō (romanization)

上(かみ)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) 上一段活用#Japanese

下(しも)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) 下一段活用#Japanese

(grammar) The monograde verb conjugation class, consisting of the two subclasses of 上(かみ)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper-monograde conjugation”) and 下(しも)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower-monograde conjugation”)


曲用

曲(きょく)用(よう) • (kyokuyō) ^(←きよくよう (kyokuyou)?)

曲用 (canonical)
kyokuyō (romanization)
kyokuyou (romanization)
きよくよう (hiragana historical)


飛鳥浄御原宮

ja-pos

^あすか の ^きよみはら の ^みや

飛鳥(あすかの)浄(きよ)御(み)原(はらの)宮(みや) • (Asuka no Kiyomihara no Miya)

飛鳥浄御原宮 (canonical)
Asuka no Kiyomihara no Miya (romanization)

(history) the late-7th-century palace of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō, now in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan


飛鳥浄御原律令

あすか きよみはら りつりょう

^あすか ^きよみはら ^りつりゃう

飛鳥(あすか)浄(きよ)御(み)原(はら)律(りつ)令(りょう) • (Asuka Kiyomihara Ritsuryō) ^(←あすかきよみはらりつりゃう (Asuka Kyomifara Rituryau)?)

飛鳥浄御原律令 (canonical)
Asuka Kiyomihara Ritsuryō (romanization)
Asuka Kyomifara Rituryau (romanization)
あすかきよみはらりつりゃう (hiragana historical)

(history, law) the late-7th-century 律令 code compiled under Emperor Tenmu's reign


天御中主

^あま の ^みなかぬし

^あめ の ^みなかぬし

天(あまの)御(み)中(なか)主(ぬし) or 天(あめの)御(み)中(なか)主(ぬし) • (Ama no Minakanushi or Ame no Minakanushi)

天御中主 (canonical)
天御中主 (canonical)
Ama no Minakanushi (romanization)
Ame no Minakanushi (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?]. 天 (“heaven”) + の (genitive marker) + 御 (honorific prefix) + 中 (“center; middle”) + 主 (“master; lord”).

af

天御中主神/尊

the God/Augustness of Ama no Minakanushi

(Japanese mythology) one of the first three gods who came into existence when heaven and earth began (天地開闢 (tenchi kaibyaku)), along with 高皇産霊 (Takamimusuhi) and 神皇産霊 (Kamimusuhi)


高皇産霊

ja-pos

高(たか)皇(み)産(むす)霊(ひ) or 高(たか)皇(み)産(むす)霊(び) • (Takamimusuhi or Takamimusubi)

高皇産霊 (canonical)
高皇産霊 (canonical)
Takamimusuhi (romanization)
Takamimusubi (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?]. 高 (“high”) + 御 (honorific prefix) + 産霊 (“Creator Spirit”).

af

高皇産霊神/尊

(Japanese mythology) one of the first three gods who came into existence when heaven and earth began (天地開闢 (tenchi kaibyaku)), along with 天御中主 (Ama no Minakanushi) and 神皇産霊 (Kamimusuhi)


神皇産霊

ja-pos

神(か)皇(み)産(むす)霊(ひ) or 神(か)皇(み)産(むす)霊(び) • (Kamimusuhi or Kamimusubi)

神皇産霊 (canonical)
神皇産霊 (canonical)
Kamimusuhi (romanization)
Kamimusubi (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?]. 神 (kami, “divine”) + 産霊 (“Creator Spirit”).

af

神皇産霊神/尊

(Japanese mythology) possibly a goddess, one of the first three gods who came into existence when heaven and earth began (天地開闢 (tenchi kaibyaku)), along with 天御中主 (Ama no Minakanushi) and 高皇産霊 (Takamimusuhi)


可美葦牙彦舅

ja-pos

うまし あしかび ひこぢ

^うまし ^あしかび ^ひこぢ

可美(うまし)葦(あし)牙(かび)彦(ひこ)舅(ぢ) • (Umashi Ashikabi Hikoji) ^(←うましあしかびひこぢ (Umasi Asikabi Fikodi)?)

可美葦牙彦舅 (canonical)
Umashi Ashikabi Hikoji (romanization)
Umasi Asikabi Fikodi (romanization)
うましあしかびひこぢ (hiragana historical)

Old Japanese. 美し (“abundant; bountiful”) + 葦牙 (“reed shoot”) + 彦舅 (“man; husband; mister”).

af

可美葦牙彦舅神/尊

the God/Augustness of Umashi Ashikabi Hikoji

(Japanese mythology) one of the two gods who came into existence from reed shoots on the earth after it was formed, along with 天常立 (Ama no Tokotachi)

ja:ウマシアシカビヒコヂ


天常立

ja-pos

天(あまの)常(とこ)立(たち) or 天(あめの)常(とこ)立(たち) • (Ama no Tokotachi or Ame no Tokotachi)

天常立 (canonical)
天常立 (canonical)
Ama no Tokotachi (romanization)
Ame no Tokotachi (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?]. 天 (“heaven”) + の (genitive marker) + 常 (“ever; eternally”) + 立ち (stem of 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)).

af

stem of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">立つ</i> (tatsu, “to stand”)

天常立神/尊

可美葦牙彦舅 可美葦牙彦舅#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) one of the two gods who came into existence from reed shoots on the earth after it was formed, along with 可美葦牙彦舅 (Umashi Ashikabi Hikoji)


国常立

国常立 (canonical)
Kuni no Tokotachi (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?]. 国 (“land”) + 常 (“ever; eternally”) + 立ち (stem of 立つ (tatsu, “to stand”)).

stem of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">立つ</i> (tatsu, “to stand”)

国常立尊

(Japanese mythology) the sixth god to come into existence, after 天常立 (Ama no Tokotachi) and before 豊雲野 (Toyokumono)


天之瓊矛

ja-pos

天(あま)之(の)瓊(ぬ)矛(ほこ) or 天(あめ)之(の)瓊(ぬ)矛(ぼこ) • (Ama no Nuhoko or Ame no Nuboko)

天之瓊矛 (canonical)
天之瓊矛 (canonical)
Ama no Nuhoko (romanization)
Ame no Nuboko (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?]. 天 (“heaven”) + の (genitive marker) + 瓊矛 (“jeweled spear”).

af

(Japanese mythology) the spear that 伊弉諾 (Izanagi) and 伊弉冉 (Izanami) used to stir the sea and create 磤馭慮島 (Onogorojima, “Onogoro Island”)


級長津彦

級長津彦 (canonical)
Shinatsuhiko (romanization)

From Old Japanese. Blend of 息長 (shinaga, “long-breathed; long-winded”) + つ (archaic genitive marker) + 彦 (“lord”).

blend

級長津彦の神/命

(Japanese mythology) the wind god, son of 伊弉諾 (Izanagi) and 伊弉冉 (Izanami)


句句廼馳

句句廼馳 (canonical)
Kuku no Chi (romanization)

Old Japanese. 茎 (“stalk; stem”) + の (genitive marker) + 霊 (“spirit”).

af

(Japanese mythology) the god of trees, child of 伊弉諾 (Izanagi) and 伊弉冉 (Izanami)


野槌

ja-pos

野(の)槌(づち) or 野(の)槌(つち) • (Nozuchi or Notsuchi)

野槌 (canonical)
野槌 (canonical)
Nozuchi (romanization)
Notsuchi (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?]. 野 (no, “moor”) + つ (tsu, genitive marker) + 霊 (chi, “spirit”).

af

(Japanese mythology) the goddess of grass and plains, daughter of 伊弉諾 (Izanagi) and 伊弉冉 (Izanami)


野槌

(Japanese mythology, mythology) a snake-like yokai


天鈿女

天鈿女 (canonical)
Ame no Uzume (romanization)

Ame-no-Uzume
Daijirin
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kojiki
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
ja:アメノウズメ

From Old Japanese, shift from the older and previously more prevalent (and still current) reading Ama no uzume, itself a compound of 天 (ama, “heaven”) + の (no, genitive particle) + 鈿女 (uzume). The derivation of the uzume element is uncertain; it might be from uzu (the term used to refer to a sprig of flowers used as a hair decoration in certain Shinto rituals, as used by the goddess) + 女 (me, “woman, female”). This may be reflected in the kanji spelling, where 鈿 is the character for hairpin.
The goddess is mentioned in both the Kojiki of 712 and the Nihon Shoki of 720.

compound

天鈿女命

(Shinto, Japanese mythology) a goddess who performed a merry ritual dance to entertain the gods of heaven, to lure 天照 (Amaterasu) out of the cave 天岩戸 (Ama no Iwato)


大宜津比売

ja-pos

大(おお)宜(げ)津(つ)比(ひ)売(め) • (Ōgetsuhime) ^(←おほげつひめ (Ofogetufime)?)

大宜津比売 (canonical)
Ōgetsuhime (romanization)
Ofogetufime (romanization)
おほげつひめ (hiragana historical)

Old Japanese [Term?]. 大 (“great”) + 食 (“food”) + つ (archaic genitive marker) + 姫 (“lady”).

af

大宜津比売神

(Japanese mythology) a food goddess, daughter of 伊弉諾 (Izanagi); as told in the 古事記 (Kojiki), she offered food to 素戔嗚 (Susa no O) after he was expelled from heaven for his transgression against 天照 (Amaterasu), by pulling food out of her orifices, which caused him to kill her in disgust; from her corpse, grain seeds and silkworms sprouted out, and were collected by 神産巣日 (Kamimusuhi)


脚摩乳

ja-pos

脚(あし)摩(なず)乳(ち) • (Ashinazuchi) ^(←あしなづち (Asinaduti)?)

脚摩乳 (canonical)
Ashinazuchi (romanization)
Asinaduti (romanization)
あしなづち (hiragana historical)

(Japanese mythology) son of 大山祇 (Ōyamatsumi), husband of 手摩乳 (Tenazuchi), father of 奇稲田姫 (Kushinadahime); he offered his last daughter to 素戔嗚 (Susa no O) so that he would save her from the serpent 八岐大蛇 (Yamata no Orochi)

ja:アシナヅチ・テナヅチ


手摩乳

手(て)摩(な)乳(ずち) • (Tenazuchi) ^(←てなづち (Tenaduti)?)

手摩乳 (canonical)
Tenazuchi (romanization)
Tenaduti (romanization)
てなづち (hiragana historical)

(Japanese mythology) wife of 脚摩乳 (Ashinazuchi) and mother of 奇稲田姫 (Kushinadahime)

ja:アシナヅチ・テナヅチ


奇稲田姫

奇稲田姫 (canonical)
Kushinadahime (romanization)

(Japanese mythology) last daughter of 脚摩乳 (Ashinazuchi) and 手摩乳 (Tenazuchi); she was to be eaten by 八岐大蛇 (Yamata no Orochi), but saved by 素戔嗚 (Susa no O) and became his wife


須勢理毘売

須勢理毘売 (canonical)
Suseribime (romanization)

須勢理毘売命

(Japanese mythology) daughter of 素戔嗚 (Susa no O); she helped her husband 大国主 (Ōkuninushi) escape death ordeals put forth by her father


瓊瓊杵

瓊瓊杵尊

木花開耶姫 木花開耶姫#Japanese

彦火火出見 彦火火出見#Japanese

葦原の中つ国 葦原の中つ国#Japanese

三種の神器 三種の神器#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) son of 天忍穂耳 (Ama no Oshihomimi), husband of 木花開耶姫 (Ko no Hana no Sakuyabime), father of 火照 (Hoderi) and 彦火火出見 (Hikohohodemi); he was sent by his grandmother 天照 (Amaterasu) in his father's stead to rule the land of 葦原の中つ国 (Ashihara no Nakatsukuni) surrended by 大国主 (Ōkuninushi), bringing with him the 三種の神器 (Sanshu no Jingi), and eventually became great-grandfather of Emperor Jinmu


天忍穂耳

^あま の ^おしほみみ

^あめ の ^おしほみみ

天(あまの)忍(おし)穂(ほ)耳(みみ) or 天(あめの)忍(おし)穂(ほ)耳(みみ) • (Ama no Oshihomimi or Ame no Oshihomimi)

天忍穂耳 (canonical)
天忍穂耳 (canonical)
Ama no Oshihomimi (romanization)
Ame no Oshihomimi (romanization)

天忍穂耳尊

熊野櫲樟日 熊野櫲樟日#Japanese

葦原の中つ国 葦原の中つ国#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) the first of the sons of 天照 (Amaterasu) (along with 天穂日 (Ama no Hohi), 天津彦根 (Amatsuhikone), 活津彦根 (Ikutsuhikone) and 熊野櫲樟日 (Kumanokusuhi)) who were given birth by 素戔嗚 (Susa no O) by chewing her jewels during the 誓約 (ukei, “oath”) to test his intent seeking refuge in her heavenly domain (the five sons were hers; the three daughters she gave birth to were his); he was sent by his mother to rule the land of 葦原の中つ国 (Ashihara no Nakatsukuni), but ultimately he recommended his son 瓊瓊杵 (Ninigi) instead


三種の神器

^さんしゅ の ^じんぎ

三(さん)種(しゅ)の神(じん)器(ぎ) • (Sanshu no Jingi)

三種の神器 (canonical)
Sanshu no Jingi (romanization)

[sã̠ɰ̃ɕɨ no̞ d͡ʑĩŋʲɡʲi]

三種 (“three kinds”) + の (counter-noun connector) + 神器 (“divine instrument”)

af

八尺瓊勾玉 八尺瓊勾玉#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) the Three Imperial Regalia of Japan (three treasures of the imperial family, bestowed by 天照 (Amaterasu) upon her grandson 瓊瓊杵 (Ninigi) before he descended to the mortal realm, including the bead 八尺瓊勾玉 (Yasakani no Magatama), the sword 草薙剣 (Kusanagi no Tsurugi) and the mirror 八咫鏡 (Yata no Kagami))


彦火火出見

彦火火出見 (canonical)
Hikohohodemi (romanization)

彦火火出見尊

木花開耶姫 木花開耶姫#Japanese

鸕鷀草葺不合 鸕鷀草葺不合#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) son of 瓊瓊杵 (Ninigi) and 木花開耶姫 (Ko no Hana no Sakuyabime), younger brother of 火照 (Hoderi), husband of 豊玉姫 (Toyotamabime), father of 鸕鷀草葺不合 (Ugaya Fukiaezu) and grandfather of Emperor Jinmu; he was known to have a conflict with his brother in the myth 海幸山幸 (Umisachi Yamasachi, “Luck of the Sea and Luck of the Mountain”)

(history, Japanese mythology) the birth name of Emperor Jinmu


火遠理

火遠理 (canonical)
Hōri (romanization)
Fowori (romanization)
ほをり (hiragana historical)

火遠理命

彦火火出見 彦火火出見#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) synonym of 彦火火出見 (Hikohohodemi)


鸕鷀草葺不合

ja-pos

鸕鷀(う)草(がや)葺(ふき)不合(あえず) • (Ugaya Fukiaezu) ^(←うがやふきあへず (Ugaya Fukiafezu)?)

鸕鷀草葺不合 (canonical)
Ugaya Fukiaezu (romanization)
Ugaya Fukiafezu (romanization)
うがやふきあへず (hiragana historical)

Old Japanese [Term?]. 鵜萱 (ugaya, “cormorant feathers for thatching roof”) + 葺き (fuki, continuative of 葺く (fuku, “to thatch”)) + 合えず (aezu, negative conjugated form of 合う (au, “to meet”), or related to 合わせる (awaseru, “to put together”), signifying incompleteness). The literal meaning could be "Incompletely Thatched with Cormorant Feathers". The name describes the circumstance of his birth, in a parturition hut that hadn't been completely thatched with cormorant feathers. For spellings of negative verb forms with 不, see 不開の門 (akazu no mon), 不喰芋 (kuwazuimo), 座不冷 (zamasazu), 不忍 (Shinobazu), 不寝 (nezu), 腹不立 (haratatezu), 不見不聞 (mizu kikazu).

af

continuative of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">葺く</i> (fuku, “to thatch”)

鸕鷀草葺不合尊

彦火火出見 彦火火出見#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) son of 彦火火出見 (Hikohohodemi) and 豊玉姫 (Toyotamabime), nephew and husband of 玉依姫 (Tamayoribime), father of Emperor Jinmu


玉依姫

ja-pos

玉(たま)依(より)姫(びめ) or 玉依姫(たまよりひめ) • (Tamayoribime or Tamayorihime)

玉依姫 (canonical)
玉依姫 (canonical)
Tamayoribime (romanization)
Tamayorihime (romanization)

鸕鷀草葺不合 鸕鷀草葺不合#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) daughter of 海神 (Watatsumi), younger sister and daughter-in-law of 豊玉姫 (Toyotamabime), aunt and wife of 鸕鷀草葺不合 (Ugaya Fukiaezu), mother of Emperor Jinmu


通時的

ja-adj

通(つう)時(じ)的(てき) • (tsūjiteki) ^(←つうじてき (tuuziteki)?)-na (adnominal 通(つう)時(じ)的(てき)な (tsūjiteki na), adverbial 通(つう)時(じ)的(てき)に (tsūjiteki ni))

通時的 (canonical)
tsūjiteki (romanization)
tuuziteki (romanization)
通時的な (adnominal)
通時的に (adverbial)
通時的だろ (imperfective stem)
つうじてきだろ (imperfective stem)
tsūjiteki daro (imperfective)
通時的で (continuative stem)
つうじてきで (continuative stem)
tsūjiteki de (continuative)
通時的だ (stem terminative)
つうじてきだ (stem terminative)
tsūjiteki da (terminative)
通時的な (attributive stem)
つうじてきな (attributive stem)
tsūjiteki na (attributive)
通時的なら (hypothetical stem)
つうじてきなら (hypothetical stem)
tsūjiteki nara (hypothetical)
通時的であれ (imperative stem)
つうじてきであれ (imperative stem)
tsūjiteki de are (imperative)
通時的ではない (informal negative)
通時的じゃない (informal negative)
つうじてきではない (informal negative)
つうじてきじゃない (informal negative)
tsūjiteki de wa nai (informal negative)
tsūjiteki ja nai (informal negative)
通時的だった (informal past)
つうじてきだった (informal past)
tsūjiteki datta (informal past)
通時的ではなかった (informal negative past)
通時的じゃなかった (informal negative past)
つうじてきではなかった (informal negative past)
つうじてきじゃなかった (informal negative past)
tsūjiteki de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
tsūjiteki ja nakatta (informal negative past)
通時的です (formal)
つうじてきです (formal)
tsūjiteki desu (formal)
通時的ではありません (formal negative)
通時的じゃありません (formal negative)
つうじてきではありません (formal negative)
つうじてきじゃありません (formal negative)
tsūjiteki de wa arimasen (formal negative)
tsūjiteki ja arimasen (formal negative)
通時的でした (formal past)
つうじてきでした (formal past)
tsūjiteki deshita (formal past)
通時的ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
通時的じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
つうじてきではありませんでした (formal negative past)
つうじてきじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
tsūjiteki de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
tsūjiteki ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
通時的で (conjunctive)
つうじてきで (conjunctive)
tsūjiteki de (conjunctive)
通時的なら（ば） (conditional)
つうじてきなら（ば） (conditional)
tsūjiteki nara (ba) (conditional)
通時的だったら (conditional past)
つうじてきだったら (conditional past)
tsūjiteki dattara (conditional past)
通時的だろう (volitional)
つうじてきだろう (volitional)
tsūjiteki darō (volitional)
通時的に (adverbial)
つうじてきに (adverbial)
tsūjiteki ni (adverbial)
通時的さ (noun-from-adj)
つうじてきさ (noun-from-adj)
tsūjitekisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

通時的

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

通時的コーパス


共時的

ja-adj

共(きょう)時(じ)的(てき) • (kyōjiteki) ^(←きようじてき (kyouziteki)?)-na (adnominal 共(きょう)時(じ)的(てき)な (kyōjiteki na), adverbial 共(きょう)時(じ)的(てき)に (kyōjiteki ni))

共時的 (canonical)
kyōjiteki (romanization)
kyouziteki (romanization)
共時的な (adnominal)
共時的に (adverbial)
共時的だろ (imperfective stem)
きょうじてきだろ (imperfective stem)
kyōjiteki daro (imperfective)
共時的で (continuative stem)
きょうじてきで (continuative stem)
kyōjiteki de (continuative)
共時的だ (stem terminative)
きょうじてきだ (stem terminative)
kyōjiteki da (terminative)
共時的な (attributive stem)
きょうじてきな (attributive stem)
kyōjiteki na (attributive)
共時的なら (hypothetical stem)
きょうじてきなら (hypothetical stem)
kyōjiteki nara (hypothetical)
共時的であれ (imperative stem)
きょうじてきであれ (imperative stem)
kyōjiteki de are (imperative)
共時的ではない (informal negative)
共時的じゃない (informal negative)
きょうじてきではない (informal negative)
きょうじてきじゃない (informal negative)
kyōjiteki de wa nai (informal negative)
kyōjiteki ja nai (informal negative)
共時的だった (informal past)
きょうじてきだった (informal past)
kyōjiteki datta (informal past)
共時的ではなかった (informal negative past)
共時的じゃなかった (informal negative past)
きょうじてきではなかった (informal negative past)
きょうじてきじゃなかった (informal negative past)
kyōjiteki de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
kyōjiteki ja nakatta (informal negative past)
共時的です (formal)
きょうじてきです (formal)
kyōjiteki desu (formal)
共時的ではありません (formal negative)
共時的じゃありません (formal negative)
きょうじてきではありません (formal negative)
きょうじてきじゃありません (formal negative)
kyōjiteki de wa arimasen (formal negative)
kyōjiteki ja arimasen (formal negative)
共時的でした (formal past)
きょうじてきでした (formal past)
kyōjiteki deshita (formal past)
共時的ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
共時的じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
きょうじてきではありませんでした (formal negative past)
きょうじてきじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
kyōjiteki de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
kyōjiteki ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
共時的で (conjunctive)
きょうじてきで (conjunctive)
kyōjiteki de (conjunctive)
共時的なら（ば） (conditional)
きょうじてきなら（ば） (conditional)
kyōjiteki nara (ba) (conditional)
共時的だったら (conditional past)
きょうじてきだったら (conditional past)
kyōjiteki dattara (conditional past)
共時的だろう (volitional)
きょうじてきだろう (volitional)
kyōjiteki darō (volitional)
共時的に (adverbial)
きょうじてきに (adverbial)
kyōjiteki ni (adverbial)
共時的さ (noun-from-adj)
きょうじてきさ (noun-from-adj)
kyōjitekisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

共時的

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした


つづりじはつおん

ja-noun

つづりじはつおん • (tsuzuriji hatsuon) ^(←つづりじはつおん (tudurizifatuon)?)

tsuzuriji hatsuon (romanization)
tudurizifatuon (romanization)
つづりじはつおん (hiragana historical)

[t͡sɨzɨɾʲiʑi ha̠t͡sɨõ̞ɴ]

From 綴(つづ)り字(じ) (tsuzuriji) + 発音(はつおん) (hatsuon).

ja-compound

spelling pronunciation
spelling pronunciation


除外形

ja-noun

除(じょ)外(がい)形(けい) • (jogai-kei) ^(←ぢよぐわいけい (dyogwaikei)?)

除外形 (canonical)
jogai-kei (romanization)
dyogwaikei (romanization)
ぢよぐわいけい (hiragana historical)


排他形

排(はい)他(た)形(けい) • (haita-kei) ^(←はいたけい (faitakei)?)

排他形 (canonical)
haita-kei (romanization)
faitakei (romanization)
はいたけい (hiragana historical)


包括形

包(ほう)括(かつ)形(けい) • (hōkatsu-kei) ^(←はうくわつけい (faukwatukei)?)

包括形 (canonical)
hōkatsu-kei (romanization)
faukwatukei (romanization)
はうくわつけい (hiragana historical)


虫損

虫(ちゅう)損(そん) • (chūson) ^(←ちゆうそん (tyuuson)?)

虫損 (canonical)
chūson (romanization)
tyuuson (romanization)
ちゆうそん (hiragana historical)


超訳

[t͡ɕo̞ːja̠kɯ̟]

(translation studies) an idiomatic translation that is further rewritten to read as fully natural Japanese


カウンセリング

[ka̠ɯ̟̃ɰ̃se̞ɾʲĩŋɡɯ̟]


カウンセリング

ja-verb-suru

カウンセリングする • (kaunseringu suru) suru (stem カウンセリングし (kaunseringu shi), past カウンセリングした (kaunseringu shita))

カウンセリングする (canonical)
kaunseringu suru (romanization)
カウンセリングし (stem)
カウンセリングした (past)
カウンセリングし
kaunseringu shi
カウンセリングする
kaunseringu suru
カウンセリングすれ
kaunseringu sure
カウンセリングせよ (imperative literary)
カウンセリングしろ (colloquial imperative)
kaunseringu seyo (imperative literary)
kaunseringu shiro (colloquial imperative)
カウンセリングされる (passive)
kaunseringu sareru (passive)
カウンセリングさせる (causative)
カウンセリングさす (causative)
kaunseringu saseru (causative)
kaunseringu sasu (causative)
カウンセリングできる (potential)
kaunseringu dekiru (potential)
カウンセリングしよう (volitional)
kaunseringu shiyō (volitional)
カウンセリングしない (negative)
kaunseringu shinai (negative)
カウンセリングせず (continuative negative)
kaunseringu sezu (continuative negative)
カウンセリングします (formal)
kaunseringu shimasu (formal)
カウンセリングした (perfective)
kaunseringu shita (perfective)
カウンセリングして (conjunctive)
kaunseringu shite (conjunctive)
カウンセリングすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kaunseringu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[ka̠ɯ̟̃ɰ̃se̞ɾʲĩŋɡɯ̟]


正親司

ja-pos

^おおきみ の ^つかさ

^おおきんだち の ^つかさ

正親(おおきみの)司(つかさ) or 正親(おおきんだちの)司(つかさ) • (Ōkimi no Tsukasa or Ōkindachi no Tsukasa)

正親司 (canonical)
正親司 (canonical)
Ōkimi no Tsukasa (romanization)
Ōkindachi no Tsukasa (romanization)

大君, 王, 王女 (ōkimi, “non-親王 (shinnō)/内親王 (naishinnō) princes and princesses”) + の (genitive marker) + 司 (“department”). Alternatively, 諸王 (ōkindachi, “non-親王 (shinnō)/内親王 (naishinnō) princes and princesses”) + の + 司. The kanji spelling literally reads "Department of Legitimate Relatives". See also 正親町 (Ōgimachi).

af

(history, government) a 律令 (Ritsuryō) department under the 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”), responsible for managing nametags, stipends and clothing for the Emperor's relatives down from the second to the fourth generation (only including 王 (ō) and 女王 (joō), excluding 親王 (shinnō) and 内親王 (naishinnō))


正親町

正親町天皇

正親町公通


保土ケ谷

保土ケ谷 (canonical)
Hodogaya (romanization)

(history) a town in Tachibana district, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan


民部卿

ja-noun

^たみ の ^つかさ の ^かみ

民(みん)部(ぶ)卿(きょう) or 民(たみの)部(つかさの)卿(かみ) or 民部(たみの)卿(かみ) • (Minbukyō or Tami no Tsukasa no Kami or Tami no Kami)

民部卿 (canonical)
民部卿 (canonical)
民部卿 (canonical)
Minbukyō (romanization)
Tami no Tsukasa no Kami (romanization)
Tami no Kami (romanization)

[mʲĩmbɯ̟kʲo̞ː]

みんぶきょう: 民部 (“Ministry of Popular Affairs”) + 卿 (“Lord”)
たみのつかさのかみ: 民部省 (Tami no Tsukasa, “Ministry of Popular Affairs”) + の (genitive marker) + 卿 (“chief”)
たみのかみ: Blend of 民部省 + の (genitive marker) + 卿 (“chief”)

blend

(history) the Minister of Popular Affairs


級長戸辺

級長戸辺 (canonical)
Shinatobe (romanization)

From Old Japanese. Perhaps a blend of 息長 (shinaga, “long-breathed; long-winded”) + つ (tsu, archaic genitive marker) + 女 (me, “female”).

級長戸辺の神/命

(Japanese mythology) either synonym of 級長津彦 (Shinatsuhiko), a male god, or a different obscure wind goddess


女庭訓

女庭訓 (canonical)
onnateikin (romanization)

[õ̞nːa̠te̞ːkʲĩɴ]

女 (“female”) + 庭訓 (“homeschooling”) or blend of 女 + 庭訓往来 (Teikin Ōrai, homeschooling textbook)

妹背山婦女庭訓

(history) a Meiji-era homeschooling textbook for girls and women


衛府

衛府 • ^ (canonical)
衛府 (canonical)
efu (romanization)
wefu (romanization)
eifu (romanization)
weifu (romanization)
ゑふ (hiragana historical)
ゑいふ (hiragana historical)

(history, government, military) a 律令 (Ritsuryō) imperial guard squad


五衛府

ja-pos

五(ご)衛(え)府(ふ) • (Goefu) ^(←ごゑふ (Gowefu)?)

五衛府 (canonical)
Goefu (romanization)
Gowefu (romanization)
ごゑふ (hiragana historical)

(history, government, military) the Five Guards under the 大宝令 (Taihōryō, “Taihō Code”) (衛門府 (Emonfu, “Gate Guard”), 左衛士府 (Saejifu, “Left Guardsmen”), 右衛士府 (Uejifu, “Right Guardsmen”), 左兵衛府 (Sahyōefu, “Left Soldier Guard”) and 右兵衛府 (Uhyōefu, “Right Soldier Guard”))


六衛府

六(ろく)衛(え)府(ふ) • (Rokuefu) ^(←ろくゑふ (Rokwefu)?)

六(りく)衛(え)府(ふ) • (Rikuefu) ^(←りくゑふ (Rikwefu)?)

六衛府 • ^ (canonical)
六衛府 (canonical)
Rokuefu (romanization)
Rokwefu (romanization)
Rikuefu (romanization)
Rikwefu (romanization)
ろくゑふ (hiragana historical)
りくゑふ (hiragana historical)

[ɾo̞kɯ̟e̞ɸɯ̟]

[ɾʲikɯ̟e̞ɸɯ̟]

(history, government, military) the Six Guards since the early Heian period (左近衛府 (Sakon'efu, “Left Bodyguard”), 右近衛府 (Ukon'efu, “Right Bodyguard”), 左衛門府 (Saemonfu, “Left Gate Guard”), 右衛門府 (Uemonfu, “Right Gate Guard”), 左兵衛府 (Sahyōefu, “Left Soldier Guard”) and 右兵衛府 (Uhyōefu, “Right Soldier Guard”))


衛士府

衛(え)士(じ)府(ふ) • (Ejifu) ^(←ゑじふ (Wezifu)?)

衛士府 (canonical)
Ejifu (romanization)
Wezifu (romanization)
ゑじふ (hiragana historical)

(history, government) a 律令 (Ritsuryō) guard squad that guarded the imperial palace and escorted the Emperor on their outdoor trips


兵衛府

兵(ひょう)衛(え)府(ふ) • (Hyōefu) ^(←ひゃうゑふ (Fyauwefu)?)

兵衛府 (canonical)
Hyōefu (romanization)
Fyauwefu (romanization)
ひゃうゑふ (hiragana historical)

From 兵衛(ひょうえ) (hyōe, “soldier guard; bodyguard”) + 府(ふ) (fu, “agency”).

ja-compound

(history, government) Hyoefu (a 律令 (Ritsuryō) guard squad that patrolled and guarded the imperial palace and escorted the Emperor on their outdoor trips)


天照神

天照神 (canonical)
Amateru Kami (romanization)

(Japanese mythology) synonym of 天照 (Amaterasu)


天照る

天照る (canonical)
amateru (romanization)
天照ら (irrealis stem)
あまてら (irrealis stem)
amatera (irrealis)
天照り (continuative stem)
あまてり (continuative stem)
amateri (continuative)
天照る (stem terminative)
あまてる (stem terminative)
amateru (terminative)
天照る (attributive stem)
あまてる (attributive stem)
amateru (attributive)
天照れ (realis stem)
あまてれ (realis stem)
amatere (realis)
天照れ (imperative stem)
あまてれ (imperative stem)
amatere (imperative)
天照らず (negative)
あまてらず (negative)
amaterazu (negative)
天照れど (contrastive)
あまてれど (contrastive)
amateredo (contrastive)
天照れば (causative)
あまてれば (causative)
amatereba (causative)
天照らば (conditional)
あまてらば (conditional)
amateraba (conditional)
天照りき (past)
あまてりき (past)
amateriki (past)
天照りけり (past)
あまてりけり (past)
amaterikeri (past)
天照りつ (perfect)
あまてりつ (perfect)
amateritu (perfect)
天照りぬ (perfect)
あまてりぬ (perfect)
amaterinu (perfect)
天照れり (continuative perfect)
天照りたり (continuative perfect)
あまてれり (continuative perfect)
あまてりたり (continuative perfect)
amatereri (continuative perfect)
amateritari (continuative perfect)
天照らむ (volitional)
あまてらむ (volitional)
amateramu (volitional)

天(あま) (ama, “heaven”) + 照(て)る (teru, “to shine”)

com-ja

(Classical Japanese, Japanese mythology, of gods and heavenly bodies) to shine in heaven


伊勢大神

ja-pos

^いせ の ^おほみかみ

伊(い)勢(せの)大(おお)神(かみ) • (Ise no Ōkami) ^(←いせのおほみかみ (Ise no Ofomikami)?)

伊勢大神 (canonical)
Ise no Ōkami (romanization)
Ise no Ofomikami (romanization)
いせのおほみかみ (hiragana historical)

伊勢 + の (attributive particle) + 大神 (literally “great god”), so called because Amaterasu is most prominently worshipped at the 伊勢(大)神宮 (Ise (Dai)jingū, “Ise (Grand) Shrine”) in Ise Province (now Ise City, Mie Prefecture).


大日孁貴

ja-pos

^おおひるめ の ^むち

^おほひるめ の ^むち

大(おお)日(ひる)孁(めの)貴(むち) • (Ōhirume no Muchi) ^(←おほひるめのむち (Ofofirume no Muti)?)

大日孁貴 (canonical)
Ōhirume no Muchi (romanization)
Ofofirume no Muti (romanization)
おほひるめのむち (hiragana historical)

大 (“great”) + 日孁 (“Amaterasu”, literally “Sun Female”) + の (attributive particle) + 貴 (“Your/Her Majesty”)


日孁

日孁 (canonical)
Hirume (romanization)
Firume (romanization)
ひるめ (hiragana historical)

日 (“sun”) + る + 女 (“female”). One theory is that me was specifically 妻 (“wife”), referring to a 巫女 (miko, “shrine maiden”) who served the sun, but it eventually shifted to "goddess". Ru is possibly a variant of ろ, an archaic genitive particle that predates Old Japanese, and it was no longer productive (like の (no) and が (ga)), but became fossilized (like つ (tsu)) in words like 神漏伎 (kamuroki) and 神漏美 (kamuromi), and possibly also 大蛇 (orochi). The male equivalent of this name is possibly ひるこ (Hiruko, literally “Sun Child”), a deformed child resulted from an improper courtship ritual between 伊弉諾 (Izanagi) and 伊弉冉 (Izanami) (女 (-me) was used for females, as in 姫 (hime, “lady”), 乙女 (otome, “maiden”) and 娘 (musume, “daughter”); 子 (-ko) was used for males, as in 彦 (hiko, “lord”), 男 (otoko, “lad”) and 息子 (musuko, “son”)). However, his association with the sun was never clearly stated, and given his deformation, his name is usually interpreted as 蛭子 (literally “Leech Child”).


天照らす

ja-verb

天(あま)照(て)らす or 天(あま)照(で)らす • (amaterasu or amaderasu) ^†nidan

天照らす (canonical)
天照らす (canonical)
amaterasu (romanization)
amaderasu (romanization)
天照らせ (irrealis stem)
あまてらせ (irrealis stem)
amaterase (irrealis)
天照らせ (continuative stem)
あまてらせ (continuative stem)
amaterase (continuative)
天照らす (stem terminative)
あまてらす (stem terminative)
amaterasu (terminative)
天照らする (attributive stem)
あまてらする (attributive stem)
amaterasuru (attributive)
天照らすれ (realis stem)
あまてらすれ (realis stem)
amaterasure (realis)
天照らせよ (imperative stem)
あまてらせよ (imperative stem)
amateraseyo (imperative)
天照らせず (negative)
あまてらせず (negative)
amaterasezu (negative)
天照らすれど (contrastive)
あまてらすれど (contrastive)
amaterasuredo (contrastive)
天照らすれば (causative)
あまてらすれば (causative)
amaterasureba (causative)
天照らせば (conditional)
あまてらせば (conditional)
amateraseba (conditional)
天照らせき (past)
あまてらせき (past)
amateraseki (past)
天照らせけり (past)
あまてらせけり (past)
amaterasekeri (past)
天照らせつ (perfect)
あまてらせつ (perfect)
amaterasetu (perfect)
天照らせぬ (perfect)
あまてらせぬ (perfect)
amaterasenu (perfect)
天照らせたり (continuative perfect)
あまてらせたり (continuative perfect)
amaterasetari (continuative perfect)
天照らせむ (volitional)
あまてらせむ (volitional)
amaterasemu (volitional)

天照ら (irrealis of 天照る) + す (honorific auxiliary). Spelt with 万葉仮名 (Man'yōgana) as 安麻泥良須 (amaderasu), suggesting a voiced form, in the 4125th poem of the 万葉集 (Man'yōshū), even though 天照る was spelt without such voiced form as 安麻弖流 (amateru) in the 3650th poem.

suf

irrealis of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">天照る</i>

(Classical Japanese, honorific, literal, Japanese mythology, of gods and heavenly bodies) alternative form of 天照る (amateru, “to shine in heaven”)


天孫

(Japanese mythology) a heavenly god's grandchild


天孫

(Japanese mythology) synonym of 瓊瓊杵 (Ninigi) (Amaterasu's grandson)


日前大神

ja-pos

^ひ の ^くま の ^おおかみ

^ひ の ^くま の ^おほかみ

日(ひの)前(くまの)大(おお)神(かみ) • (Hi no Kuma no Ōkami) ^(←ひのくまのおほかみ (Fi no Kuma no Ofokami)?)

日前大神 (canonical)
Hi no Kuma no Ōkami (romanization)
Fi no Kuma no Ofokami (romanization)
ひのくまのおほかみ (hiragana historical)

日の隈 (hi no kuma, literally “shadow/shade of the sun”) + 大神 (literally “great god”)

af

(Japanese mythology) the deification of the mirror made by 石凝姥 (Ishikoridome) to lure 天照 (Amaterasu) out of 天岩戸 (Ama no Iwato)


天石戸別

ja-pos

^あま の ^いわとわけ

^あま の ^いはとわけ

天(あまの)石(いわ)戸(と)別(わけ) • (Ama no Iwatowake) ^(←あまのいはとわけ (Ama no Ifatowake)?)

天石戸別 (canonical)
Ama no Iwatowake (romanization)
Ama no Ifatowake (romanization)
あまのいはとわけ (hiragana historical)

天石戸別神

(Japanese mythology) the protector god of gateways, such as the imperial gate, and one of 瓊瓊杵 (Ninigi)'s crew during his 天孫降臨 (Tenson Kōrin, “Heavenly Grandson's Descent”) to rule the earth


石凝姥

石凝姥 (canonical)
Ishikoridome (romanization)

Old Japanese. An obscure name. The spelling is 石 (“stone”) + 凝り (“stiffening; coagulating”, continuative of 凝る (koru)) + 姥 (“old woman”).

af

continuative of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">凝る</i> (koru)

石凝姥命

(Japanese mythology) the goddess who made the mirror that was used to lure 天照 (Amaterasu) out of 天岩戸 (Ama no Iwato)


豊玉姫

ja-pos

豊(とよ)玉(たま)姫(びめ) or 豊玉姫(とよたまひめ) • (Toyotamabime or Toyotamahime)

豊玉姫 (canonical)
豊玉姫 (canonical)
Toyotamabime (romanization)
Toyotamahime (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?], 豊 (“rich”) + 玉 (“jewel”) + 姫 (“lady”).

彦火火出見 彦火火出見#Japanese

鸕鷀草葺不合 鸕鷀草葺不合#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) daughter of 海神 (Watatsumi), elder sister and mother-in-law of 玉依姫 (Tamayoribime), wife of 彦火火出見 (Hikohohodemi); she went into labor before her parturition hut was done and gave birth to 鸕鷀草葺不合 (Ugaya Fukiaezu) in it, but retreated in shame after her husband, out of curiosity, saw her true serpentine form during the birth


クリフハンガー

[kɯ̟ɾʲiɸɯ̟hã̠ŋɡa̠ː]


神漏伎

ja-noun

神(かむ)漏(ろ)伎(き) or 神(かみ)漏(ろ)伎(き) • (kamuroki or kamiroki)

神漏伎 (canonical)
神漏伎 (canonical)
kamuroki (romanization)
kamiroki (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?], 神 (“god”) + ろ (archaic genitive particle) + き (“male”). Compare 伊弉諾 (Izanaki, literally “Male Who Invites”). See also 日孁 (Hirume).

af

(archaic, Japanese mythology) a male creator, progenitor or ancestor god, such as 高皇産霊 (Takamimusuhi) or 伊弉諾 (Izanaki)


神漏美

ja-noun

神(かむ)漏(ろ)美(み) or 神(かみ)漏(ろ)美(み) • (kamuromi or kamiromi)

神漏美 (canonical)
神漏美 (canonical)
kamuromi (romanization)
kamiromi (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?], 神 (“god”) + ろ (archaic genitive particle) + み (“female”). Compare 伊弉冉 (Izanami, literally “Female Who Invites”). See also 日孁 (Hirume).

af

(archaic, Japanese mythology) a creator, progenitor or ancestor goddess, such as 神皇産霊 (Kamimusuhi), 伊弉冉 (Izanami) or 天照 (Amaterasu)


豊受大神

ja-pos

^とよ.うけ の ^おおかみ

^とよ.うけ の ^おほかみ

^とゆけ の ^おおかみ

^とゆけ の ^おほかみ

豊(とよ)受(うけの)大(おお)神(かみ) or 豊受(とゆけの)大(おお)神(かみ) • (Toyouke no Ōkami or Toyuke no Ōkami) ^(←とようけのおほかみ (Toyouke no Ofokami) or とゆけのおほかみ (Toyuke no Ofokami)?)

豊受大神 (canonical)
豊受大神 (canonical)
Toyouke no Ōkami (romanization)
Toyuke no Ōkami (romanization)
Toyouke no Ofokami (romanization)
Toyuke no Ofokami (romanization)
とようけのおほかみ (hiragana historical)
とゆけのおほかみ (hiragana historical)

Old Japanese [Term?], 豊受 + の (genitive particle) + 大神 (“great god”)

af

(Japanese mythology) synonym of 豊受 (Toyouke)


豊宇気毘売

豊宇気毘売 (canonical)
Toyoukebime (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?], 豊受 + 姫 (hime, “lady”)

豊宇気毘売神


豊受

ja-pos

豊(とよ)受(うけ) or 豊(とゆ)受(うけ) or 豊受(とゆけ) • (Toyouke or Toyuuke or Toyuke)

豊受 (canonical)
豊受 (canonical)
豊受 (canonical)
Toyouke (romanization)
Toyuuke (romanization)
Toyuke (romanization)

Old Japanese [Term?], 豊 (“rich; abundant”) + 食 (uke, “food”)

豊受神

豊受大神宮 / 豊受宮 / 豊受大神社

Toyouke Daijingū / Toyuke no Miya / Toyouke Daijinja

和久産巣日 和久産巣日#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) a goddess of grain, daughter of 和久産巣日 (Wakumusubi) and granddaughter of 伊弉諾 (Izanagi)


保食

Old Japanese [Term?], perhaps from 食 (uke, “food”) + 持ち (mochi, “holding; keeping; possessing”). The kanji spelling literally means "to keep food".

af

保食神

(Japanese mythology) a food goddess; as told in the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki), she offered food to 月読 (Tsukuyomi) after he was sent by 天照 (Amaterasu) to see her, by pulling food out of her orifices, which caused him to kill her in disgust, which caused Amaterasu, in anger, to split up with Tsukuyomi, causing the separation of day and night; from her corpse, cattle, horses, grain seeds and silkworms sprouted out, and were collected by 天熊人 (Ama no Kumahito) and were used for agriculture under Amaterasu's order


倉稲魂

倉稲魂 (canonical)
Ukanomitama (romanization)

From Old Japanese [Term?], a compound of 食 (uka, “food”) + の (no, genitive particle) + 御魂 (mitama, literally “soul”)

神大市比売 神大市比売#Japanese

(Japanese mythology) a grain goddess, daughter of 素戔嗚 (Susanoo) and 神大市比売 (Kamuōichihime)


倉稲魂

Alternate pronunciation of 倉稲魂(うかのみたま) (Ukanomitama) above.

神大市比売 神大市比売#Japanese


ロシア帝国

ロシア帝国 (canonical)
Roshia Teikoku (romanization)

ロシア (Roshia, “Russian”) + 帝国 (teikoku, “empire”)


現在進行形

ja-noun

現(げん)在(ざい)進(しん)行(こう)形(けい) • (genzai shinkōkei) ^(←げんざいしんかうけい (genzai sinkaukei)?)

現在進行形 (canonical)
genzai shinkōkei (romanization)
genzai sinkaukei (romanization)
げんざいしんかうけい (hiragana historical)

[ɡẽ̞nd͡za̠i ɕĩŋko̞ːke̞ː]

From 現在(げんざい) (genzai) + 進行(しんこう) (shinkō) + 形(けい) (kei).


天地開闢

ja-noun

天(てん)地(ち)開(かい)闢(びゃく) • (tenchi kaibyaku)

天地開闢 (canonical)
tenchi kaibyaku (romanization)

[tẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕi̥ ka̠ibʲa̠kɯ̟]

天地 (“heaven and earth”) + 開闢 (“beginning; genesis”)

af

2011 June 8, “マスターピース [Masterpiece]”, in Maki Nagayama, hiroko, miyake (lyrics), HIKARI, Hiroto Suzuki, and miyake (music), マスターピース [Masterpiece], performed by Mihimaru GT:

Rain, wind, freezing snowstorm, scorching sunlight
All these are ingredients for coloring the days
You don't give up, you gave away your heart and mind
Gotta be cruel to be kind
I knew what impatience was like, when we met
It begins with seeing our differences. Dance now, uninhibited, as heaven and earth begin

雨の日も風の日も極寒の吹雪も灼熱の太陽も
全て日々を彩る材料 へこたれないで意思と愛を
君がくれた 優しさは厳しさ
ぶつかることで知ったもどかしさ
違いを認めることで始まる 縦横無尽踊れ天地開闢

Ame no hi mo kaze no hi mo gokkan no fubuki mo shakunetsu no taiyō mo
Subete hibi o irodoru zairyō Hekotarenai de ishi to ai o
Kimi ga kureta Yasashisa wa kibishisa
Butsukaru koto de shitta modokashisa
Chigai o mitomeru koto de hajimaru Jūyō mujin odore tenchi kaibyaku

(Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) the beginning of the world; when the world began; when the world was created


天つ罪

天つ罪 (canonical)
amatsutsumi (romanization)

(Shinto, Japanese mythology, agriculture) one of the eight agricultural offenses that is said to have been committed in the 高天原 (Takamagahara, “Plain of High Heaven”), notably by the unruly god 素戔嗚 (Susanoo), namely 畔放 (ahanachi, “breaking down ridges”), 溝埋 (mizoume, “covering ditches”), 樋放 (hihanachi, “releasing irrigation sluices”), 重播 (shikimaki, “double planting”), 串刺 (kushisashi, “setting up stakes”), 生剥 (ikehagi, “skinning alive”), 逆剥 (sakahagi, “skinning backward”) and 糞戸 (kusohe, “defecation”)


五十音図

ja-noun

五(ご)十(じゅう)音(おん)図(ず) • (gojūonzu) ^(←ごじふおんづ (gozifuondu)?)

五十音図 (canonical)
gojūonzu (romanization)
gozifuondu (romanization)
ごじふおんづ (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞ʑɨːõ̞nd͡zɨ]

五十音 (literally “fifty sounds”) + 図 (“diagram”)

suf

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the 5x10 table used for arranging all the 47 kana used for the 五十音 (literally “fifty sounds”), whose 列 (“columns”) are arranged by the vowels (/a/, /i/, /ɯ/, /e/, /o/) and 行 (“rows”) are arranged by the consonants (Ø, /k/, /s/, /t/, /n/, /h/, /m/, /j/, /ɾ/, /w/; voiced obstruents and /p/ are customarily not included because they were rarely distinguished in writing); columns are ranked by 段 (“grade”), with the vowel /a/ being the highest grade and the vowel /o/ being the lowest; the missing cells of the や行 (“ya-row”) and わ行 (“wa-row”) are filled with い/イ (i), え/エ (e) and う/ウ (u) taken from the あ行 (“a-row”), in order to represent classical grammatical inflection with modern text (or alternatively, artificially filled with rare kana such as 𛀆/𛄠 (yi), 𛀁/𛄡 (ye) and 𛄟 (𛄟)/𛄢 (wu))


あ行

あ行 (canonical)
agyō (romanization)
agyau (romanization)
あぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ア行上一段/下一段/下二段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the first row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana あ/ア (a), い/イ (i), う/ウ (u), え/エ (e) and お/オ (o)


あ段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the first and highest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the ten kana あ/ア (a), か/カ (ka), さ/サ (sa), た/タ (ta), な/ナ (na), は/ハ (ha), ま/マ (ma), や/ヤ (ya), ら/ラ (ra) and わ/ワ (wa)


は行

は行 (canonical)
hagyō (romanization)
fagyau (romanization)
はぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ハ行下一段/上二段/下二段/四段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the sixth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana は/ハ (ha), ひ/ヒ (hi), ふ/フ (fu), へ/ヘ (he) and ほ/ホ (ho)


ば行

ば行 (canonical)
bagyō (romanization)
bagyau (romanization)
ばぎゃう (hiragana historical)

バ行上一段/下一段/上二段/四段/五段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) a row derived from the は行 (“ha-row”) of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”) (but not included in the table) by adding the diacritical mark ゛, consisting of the five kana ば/バ (ba), び/ビ (bi), ぶ/ブ (bu), べ/ベ (be) and ぼ/ボ (bo)


ぱ行

ぱ行 (canonical)
pagyō (romanization)
pagyau (romanization)
ぱぎゃう (hiragana historical)

(phonology, orthography) a row derived from the は行 (“ha-row”) of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”) (but not included in the table) by adding the diacritical mark ゜, consisting of the five kana ぱ/パ (pa), ぴ/ピ (pi), ぷ/プ (pu), ぺ/ペ (pe) and ぽ/ポ (po)


や行

や行 (canonical)
yagyō (romanization)
yagyau (romanization)
やぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ヤ行上一段/上二段/下二段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the eighth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana や/ヤ (ya), い/イ (i) (alternatively, 𛀆/𛄠 (yi)), ゆ/ユ (yu), え/エ (e) (alternatively, 𛀁/𛄡 (ye)) and よ/ヨ (yo), two of which are taken from the あ行 (“a-row”) to represent classical grammatical inflection in modern text


わ行

わ行 (canonical)
wagyō (romanization)
wagyau (romanization)
わぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ワ行上一段 / 下二段 / 五段活用

wagyō kamīchidan / shimonidan / godan katsuyō

wa-row upper-bigrade / lower-bigrade / quintigrade inflection

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the tenth and last row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana わ/ワ (wa), ゐ/ヰ (wi), う/ウ (u) (alternatively, 𛄟 (𛄟)/𛄢 (wu)), ゑ/ヱ (we) and を/ヲ (wo), one of which is taken from the あ行 (“a-row”) to represent classical grammatical inflection in modern text


スパルタ教育

ja-noun

スパルタ教(きょう)育(いく) • (Suparuta kyōiku) ^(←スパルタけういく (suparutakeuiku)?)

スパルタ教育 (canonical)
Suparuta kyōiku (romanization)
suparutakeuiku (romanization)
スパルタけういく (historical katakana)

[sɨpa̠ɾɯ̟ta̠ kʲo̞ːikɯ̟]

(history) agoge (Spartan training regimen)


キリシタン版

キリシタン版 (canonical)
kirishitan-ban (romanization)

[kʲiɾʲiɕi̥tã̠mbã̠ɴ]

(history, Christianity, literature, grammar, lexicography) prose, grammar and vocabulary literature written and printed by Portuguese Jesuits in Japan during the late 16th and early 17th century


連体

Coined in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 連 (ren, “accompanying”) + 体 (tai, “nominative”, short for 体言 (taigen, “uninflecting word”)).
First cited to a text from 1834.

compound

short for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">体言</i> (taigen, “uninflecting word”)

連体形

attributive form; rentaikei, of an inflecting word

連体言

rentaigen, older synonym for modern rentaikei

連体詞

rentaishi, word that can only be used attributively before a nominative, and cannot be used predicatively

(grammar, attributive) attribution (of a quality to a nominative in Japanese grammar)


付属語

[ɸɯ̟zo̞kɯ̟ɡo̞]

付属 (“dependence”) + 語 (“morpheme; expression”)

suf

(grammar) a dependent/enclitic/bound morpheme or form in Japanese, marked by its dependence to a 自立語 (jiritsugo, “free word”) and its lack of distinct pitch accent


従属節

ja-noun

従(じゅう)属(ぞく)節(せつ) • (jūzokusetsu) ^(←じゆうぞくせつ (zyuuzokusetu)?)

従属節 (canonical)
jūzokusetsu (romanization)
zyuuzokusetu (romanization)
じゆうぞくせつ (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨːzo̞kɯ̟se̞t͡sɨ]

From 従属(じゅうぞく) (jūzoku) + 節(せつ) (setsu).


主節

主(しゅ)節(せつ) • (shusetsu) ^(←しゆせつ (syusetu)?)

主節 (canonical)
shusetsu (romanization)
syusetu (romanization)
しゆせつ (hiragana historical)


促音便

促音便 (canonical)
sokuonbin (romanization)

[so̞kɯ̟õ̞mbʲĩɴ]

Blend of 促音 (sokuon, “moraic obstruent”) + 音便 (onbin, “euphony”)

blend

(phonology, grammar) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became sokuon before a stop, especially before /t/


イ音便

(phonology, grammar) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became い (i)


ウ音便

(phonology, grammar) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became う (u)


撥音便

撥音便 (canonical)
hatsuonbin (romanization)

[ha̠t͡sɨõ̞mbʲĩɴ]

Blend of 撥音 (hatsuon, “moraic nasal”) + 音便 (onbin, “euphony”)

(phonology, grammar) a form of euphony whereby certain historical morae became a moraic nasal


長子音

(phonology) a long consonant; a geminate consonant


長母音

ja-noun

長(ちょう)母(ぼ)音(いん) • (chōboin) ^(←ちゃうぼいん (tyauboin)?)

長母音 (canonical)
chōboin (romanization)
tyauboin (romanization)
ちゃうぼいん (hiragana historical)
長母音 (canonical)
nagaboin (romanization)

[t͡ɕo̞ːbo̞ĩɴ]


短母音

短母音 (canonical)
tanboin (romanization)
短母音 (canonical)
mijikaboin (romanization)


格変化

格(かく)変(へん)化(か) • (kakuhenka) ^(←かくへんくわ (kakufenkwa)?)

格変化 (canonical)
kakuhenka (romanization)
kakufenkwa (romanization)
かくへんくわ (hiragana historical)

[ka̠kɯ̟̊hẽ̞ŋka̠]

Compound of 格(かく) (kaku, “case”) + 変(へん)化(か) (henka, “transformation”).


本動詞

Compound of 本 (hon, “main”) + 動詞 (dōshi, “verb”).
First cited in 1930.


被修飾語

ja-noun

被(ひ)修(しゅう)飾(しょく)語(ご) • (hi-shūshokugo) ^(←ひしうしよくご (fi-siusyokugo)?)

被修飾語 (canonical)
hi-shūshokugo (romanization)
fi-siusyokugo (romanization)
ひしうしよくご (hiragana historical)

[çi̥ɕɨːɕo̞kɯ̟ɡo̞]

Compound of 被(ひ) (hi-, “-ed”) + 修(しゅう)飾(しょく) (shūshoku, “to modify”) + 語(ご) (-go, “word; expression”).


連体修飾語

ja-noun

れんたい しゅうしょくご

連(れん)体(たい)修(しゅう)飾(しょく)語(ご) • (rentai shūshokugo) ^(←れんたいしうしよくご (rentai siusyokugo)?)

連体修飾語 (canonical)
rentai shūshokugo (romanization)
rentai siusyokugo (romanization)
れんたいしうしよくご (hiragana historical)

[ɾẽ̞nta̠i ɕɨːɕo̞kɯ̟ɡo̞]

Compound of 連(れん)体(たい) (rentai, “attributive”) + 修(しゅう)飾(しょく)語(ご) (shūshokugo, “modifier”).

ja-compound

(grammar) a 体言 (taigen, “nominal”) modifier

ja:修飾語#連体修飾語


連用修飾語

ja-noun

れんよう しゅうしょくご

連(れん)用(よう)修(しゅう)飾(しょく)語(ご) • (ren'yō shūshokugo) ^(←れんようしうしよくご (ren'you siusyokugo)?)

連用修飾語 (canonical)
ren'yō shūshokugo (romanization)
ren'you siusyokugo (romanization)
れんようしうしよくご (hiragana historical)

[ɾẽ̞ɰ̃jo̞ː ɕɨːɕo̞kɯ̟ɡo̞]

Compound of 連(れん)用(よう) (ren'yō, “continuative”) + 修(しゅう)飾(しょく)語(ご) (shūshokugo, “modifier”).

ja-compound

(grammar) a 用言 (yōgen, “inflected word”) modifier

ja:修飾語#連用修飾語


体用

ja-noun

体(たい)用(ゆう) or 体(たい)用(よう) • (taiyū or taiyō)

体用 (canonical)
体用 (canonical)
taiyū (romanization)
taiyō (romanization)

体 (“body”) + 用 (“use”), from Middle Chinese 體用. Also blend of 体言 + 用言.

(philosophy, Buddhism, poetry) Essence-Function; Substance and Function; Form and Attribute; that which is absolutely inherent and that which relatively manifests


体用

(grammar) 体言 (taigen, “nominals”, literally “substantive words”) and 用言 (yōgen, “inflected words”, literally “functional words”)


一型アクセント

一型アクセント (canonical)
ikkei akusento (romanization)

一型 (“1 type”) + アクセント (“accent”), literally “uniform accent”

af

(phonology) the lack of any phonemic pitch accent in certain dialects of Japanese (all words have the same accent)

(phonology) the lack of any phonemic pitch accent among words with the same mora count in certain dialects of Japanese (words with the same mora count have the same accent)


曖昧アクセント

曖昧アクセント (canonical)
aimai akusento (romanization)

(phonology) in certain Japanese dialects, pitch accent that is highly inconsistent and unpredictable


たまてばこ

ja-pos

たまてばこ • (Tamatebako) ^(←たまてばこ (Tamatebako)?)

Tamatebako (romanization)
たまてばこ (hiragana historical)

From 玉(たま) (tama, “jewel”) + 手(て)箱(ばこ) (tebako, “casket”).

ja-compound

(mythology) Princess Otohime's casket to Urashima Tarō


直音

[t͡ɕo̞kɯ̟õ̞ɴ]

(Japanese orthography and phonology) a mora that consists of either (1) one vowel or (2) one consonant and one vowel, and is spelt with only one full-sized kana, such as あ (a), き (ki) or ぶ (bu)


モーラ

ja-noun

モーラ • (mōra)

Learned borrowing from Latin mora, via English mora.

Meronyms: 子音 (shiin, “consonant”), 母音 (boin, “vowel”)


特殊拍

特殊拍 (canonical)
tokushuhaku (romanization)

[to̞kɯ̟ɕɨha̠kɯ̟]

アクセント核 アクセント核#Japanese

(Japanese phonology) a mora that is variously dubbed in English "special mora" (literal translation), "non-syllabic mora" (by Kubozono Haruo), "non-head mora", or "deficient mora" (by Laurence Labrune), and that is unique in that it cannot form a 音節 (onsetsu, “syllable”) on its own, that it never occurs at the beginning of a word, and that is incapable of acting as an アクセント核 (akusento-kaku, “accent kernel”); morae like these include the 促音 (sokuon, “moraic obstruent”), the 撥音 (hatsuon, “moraic nasal”), the second half of a 長音 (chōon, “long vowel”), and the second half of a 二重母音 (nijū boin, “diphthong”)


父音

父音 (canonical)
父音 (canonical)
fuin (romanization)
fuon (romanization)

父 (“father”) + 音 (“sound”). From the notion of a mothering vowel mating with a fathering consonant and giving birth to an onsetted mora, according to Meiji-era linguists, as in father /k/ + mother あ (/a/) = child か (/ka/).

父音とは、母音と配合して、子音をつくる一種の音なり。その音隱微にして、 いまだ、判然と口外にあらはれたるものにあらず。されば、また、これを標すべき文字のあることなし。今、假に、片假字を以て示すときは、五十音の宇列の、ク、ス、ツ、ヌ、フ、ム、ユ、ル、ウ、九個の子音より、母音を引き去りたる跡にのこれるもの、卽ちこれなり。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第二章 母音 父音 子音 [Chapter 2: Mother Sounds, Father Sounds and Child Sounds]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 6:

‘Father sounds’ are a class of sounds that combines with mother sounds to make child sounds. They are obscure: there is no obvious way to enunciate them. As such, there are no letters for representing them either. Now, if we tentatively note them with katakana, using this column of the fifty sounds, ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u, they shall be just whatever is left after we take the mother sounds out of these nine child sounds.

Fuon to wa, boon to haigō shite, shion o tsukuru isshu no on nari. Sono on inbi ni shite, imada, hanzen to kōgai ni araware taru mono ni arazu. Sare ba, mata, kore o shirusu beki moji no aru koto nashi. Ima, kari ni, katakana o motte shimesu toki wa, gojūon no jiretsu no, ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru, u, kuko no shion yori, boon o hikisari taru ato ni nokoreru mono, sunawachi kore nari.

母音と配合して、子音を生ずる、幽微なる音を、父音といふ。父音をあらはすべき、文字は無けれど、假に、クスツヌフムユル𛄢の九字と以て、之にあつ。父母兩音の配合して、子音を生ずる狀、左の如し。

1897 March, “〇父音 [Father Sounds]”, in 日本文典 [A Japanese Grammar], 中等學科敎授法硏究會:

Father sounds are subtle sounds that combine with mother sounds to bear child sounds. There are no letters for representing father sounds, so the nine letters ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u are tentatively used here. The ways father and mother sounds combine and bear child sounds are illustrated on the left.

Boon to haigō shite, shion o shōzuru, iubi naru on o, FUON to iu. Fuon o arawasu beki, moji wa nakere do, kari ni, ku su tsu nu fu mu yu ru u no kuji to motte, kore ni atsu. Fubo ryōon no haigō shite, shion o shōzuru jō, hidari no gotoshi.

故に、此の四十五音を、子音と稱し、其のクスツヌフムユル𛄢の如き九音を、父音と稱す。此の父音は、極めて隱微なるものにて、明に聲に發する能はざれど、やゝ、これ等に似たる故に、此の九個の音の文字にて、これを示せるなり。

1897 November, Shioi, Ukō, “第二 子音 [Number 2: Child Sounds]”, in 中學日本文典 [A Middle-School Japanese Grammar], 六盟館, page 3:

Thus, the forty-five sounds are called ‘child sounds’, and the nine sounds such as ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u are called ‘father sounds’. The father sounds are highly obscure, and even though they can be clearly uttered, they can only be approximated by these nine phonetic letters that sound close to them.

Yue ni, kono shijūgoon o, shion to shōshi, sono ku su tsu nu fu mu yu ru u no gotoki kuon o, fuon to shōsu. Kono fuon wa, kiwamete inbi naru mono ni te, saya ni koe ni hassuru nō wa zaredo, yaya, korera ni ni taru ni, kono kuko no on no moji ni te, kore o shimeseru nari.

父音は、モルガニー竇以上、卽ち副管中の或る局部に於ける、音の摩擦、密閉等によりて生ずるものである。前に母音の特質として擧げたるものを知らば、母音ならざるものゝ特質も推量せられるであらうが、とにかく、父音と母音との根本的區別に於て、下の如く說くことが出來る。母音に於ては、口腔は單に有聲の音を共鳴するので、有聲の音と云ふが母音の本質であるが、父音は口腔內に於ける音の通路を狹窄して、摩擦音を生じたり、密閉して之を破裂して、一種の破裂音を生じたりするので、口鼻腔內の調節が其の要素で、聲門の開閉はどうでもよいので、時には開いて息の音たり、時には閉ぢて聲の音たることが出來る。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十四章 父音 [Chapter 14: Consonants]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 75:

Consonants are sounds generated due to friction, closure, etc., at specific places of articulation above the sinus of Morgagni in the vocal tract. The characteristics of vowels have been discussed earlier, so it should not be too difficult to infer the characteristics of non-vowels. As such, the fundamental distinction between consonants and vowels can be explained as follows. For vowels, the voiced sound merely resonates in the oral cavity, and that voiced sound is characteristic of vowels. Whereas for consonants, the path of the sound through the oral cavity may be constricted in the case of fricatives, or closed and followed by a burst in the case of plosives; there may also be modulation in the oral and nasal cavities, the opening and closing of the glottis may not be relevant, or an opening may result in airflow, or a closure may result in phonation.

Fuon wa, Moruganī-tō ijō, sunawachi fukukanchū no aru kyokubu ni okeru, on no masatsu, mippei tō ni yorite shōzuru mono de aru. Mae ni boon no tokushitsu to shite age taru mono o shira ba, boon narazaru mono no tokushitsu mo suiryō serareru de arō ga, to ni kaku, fuon to boon to no konponteki kubetsu ni oite, shita no gotoku toku koto ga dekiru. Boon ni oite wa, kōkō wa tan ni yūsei no on o kyōmei suru no de, yūsei no on to iu ga boon no honshitsu de aru ga, fuon wa kōkōnai ni okeru on no tsūro o kyōsaku shite, masatsuon o shōji tari, mippei shite kore o haretsu shite, isshu no haretsuon o shōji tari suru no de, kōbikōnai no chōsetsu ga sono yōso de, seimon no kaihei wa dō de mo yoi no de, toki ni wa aite iki no on tari, toki ni wa tojite koe no on taru koto ga dekiru.

ク、ス、ツ、ヌ、フ、ム、ユ、ル、ウの九文字を、父音と云ふ、

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “父音 [Father Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 14:

The nine letters ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u are called ‘father sounds’

Ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru, u no kumoji o, fuon to iu,

父(ふ)音(おん)と云(い)ふものはカサタナハマヤラの八字(じ)を云(い)ふのでありまして、大(おほ)きな環(くわん)から左(さ)に示(しめ)す圖(づ)式(しき)のやうに取(と)るのであります。

1912, 淸 榊原, “⑶ 父音 [(3) Father Sounds]”, in 自習速記術 [Self-Taught Stenography], 以文館, page 13:

‘Father sounds’ are the eight letters ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya and ra, and they are written as shown in the diagram on the left page, around the big circle.

Fuon to iu mono wa ka sa ta na ha ma ya ra no hachiji o iu no de arimashite, ōki na kan kara sa ni shimesu zushiki no yō ni toru no de arimasu.

(obsolete, phonetics, phonology) synonym of 子音 (shiin, “a consonant”)


熟音

[d͡ʑɨkɯ̟õ̞ɴ]

五十音の外に、また、一種の熟音あり。これを濁音、及び、半濁音といふ。濁音とは、本音を濁りて呼ぶものにて、子音の中、加、佐、多、波、の四行の諸音をいふ。この音を示すには別に、その文字なく、本音の假字の肩に、二個の小點を加ふ。卽ち、左の如し。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第三章 濁音 半濁音及その文字 [Chapter 3: Muddy Sounds, Semi-Muddy Sounds and How to Write Them]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 10:

Outside the fifty sounds, there is yet another class of complex sounds. These are called ‘muddy sounds’ and ‘semi-muddy sounds’. Muddy sounds are the base child sounds of the four rows ka, sa, ta and ha, being muddied up when they are pronounced. There are no letters to specifically note these sounds, so two small dots are added on the shoulders of the kana for the base sounds, as shown on the left.

Gojūon no soto ni, mata, isshu no jukuon ari. Kore o dakuon, oyobi, handakuon to iu. Dakuon to wa, hon'on o nigorite yobu mono nite, shion no naka, ka, sa, ta, ha, no shigyō no shoon o iu. Kono on o shimesu ni wa betsu ni, sono moji naku, hon'on no kana no kata ni, niko no shōten o kuwau. Sunawachi, hidari no gotoshi.

(Japanese phonology) a mora with an onset consonant, such as か (ka) or が (ga)


重文

重(じゅう)文(ぶん) • (jūbun) ^(←ぢゆうぶん (dyuubun)?)

重文 (canonical)
jūbun (romanization)
dyuubun (romanization)
ぢゆうぶん (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨːbɯ̟̃ɴ]


新唐書

[ɕĩnto̞ːʑo̞]

(history) New Book of Tang (history of the Tang dynasty completed in A.D. 1060)


か行

か行 (canonical)
kagyō (romanization)
kagyau (romanization)
かぎゃう (hiragana historical)

カ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the second row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana か/カ (ka), き/キ (ki), く/ク (ku), け/ケ (ke) and こ/コ (ko)


さ行

さ行 (canonical)
sagyō (romanization)
sagyau (romanization)
さぎゃう (hiragana historical)

サ行下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the third row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana さ/サ (sa), し/シ (shi), す/ス (su), せ/セ (se) and そ/ソ (so)


た行

た行 (canonical)
tagyō (romanization)
tagyau (romanization)
たぎゃう (hiragana historical)

タ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fourth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana た/タ (ta), ち/チ (chi), つ/ツ (tsu), て/テ (te) and と/ト (to)


な行

な行 (canonical)
nagyō (romanization)
nagyau (romanization)
なぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ナ行上一段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the fifth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana な/ナ (na), に/ニ (ni), ぬ/ヌ (nu), ね/ネ (ne) and の/ノ (no)


ま行

ま行 (canonical)
magyō (romanization)
magyau (romanization)
まぎゃう (hiragana historical)

マ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the sixth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana ま/マ (ma), み/ミ (mi), む/ム (mu), め/メ (me) and も/モ (mo)


ら行

ら行 (canonical)
ragyō (romanization)
ragyau (romanization)
らぎゃう (hiragana historical)

ラ行上一段/上二段/下一段/下二段/四段/五段/変格活用

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the ninth row of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the five kana ら/ラ (ra), り/リ (ri), る/ル (ru), れ/レ (re) and ろ/ロ (ro)


い段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the second and second-highest-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana い/イ (i), き/キ (ki), し/シ (shi), ち/チ (chi), に/ニ (ni), ひ/ヒ (hi), み/ミ (mi), り/リ (ri) and ゐ/ヰ (wi), and sometimes additionally 𛀆/𛄠 (yi)


う段

(phonology, orthography, grammar) the third and middle-graded column of the 五十音図 (literally “table of the fifty sounds”), consisting of the nine kana う/ウ (u), く/ク (ku), す/ス (su), つ/ツ (tsu), ぬ/ヌ (nu), ふ/フ (fu), む/ム (mu), ゆ/ユ (yu) and る/ル (ru), and sometimes additionally 𛄟 (𛄟)/𛄢 (wu)