BSE

bovine spongiform encephalopathy
bovine spongiform encephalopathy

(pathology, neurology) BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy


ADHD

ja-noun

ADHD(エーディーエッチディー) • (ēdīetchidī)

ADHD (canonical)
ēdīetchidī (romanization)

(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder


アルツハイマー病

^アルツハイマー-びょう

アルツハイマー病 (canonical)
Arutsuhaimā-byō (romanization)

[a̠ɾɯ̟t͡sɨha̠ima̠ː bʲo̞ː]

アルツハイマー (Arutsuhaimā, from German Alzheimer) + 病 (byō, “illness”)

compound

from German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Alzheimer</i>

(pathology, neurology) Alzheimer's disease


クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病

ja-noun

クロイツフェルト・ヤコブびょう

クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病 (canonical)
Kuroitsuferuto-Yakobu-byō (romanization)

クロイツフェルト・ヤコブびょー

[kɯ̟ɾo̞it͡sɨ̥ɸe̞ɾɯ̟to̞ ja̠ko̞bɯ̟ bʲo̞ː]

クロイツフェルト (Kuroitsuferuto, from German Creutzfeldt) + ヤコブ (Yakobu, “Jacob”) + 病 (byō, “disease”)

com

from German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Creutzfeldt</i>

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

(pathology, neurology) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

ja:クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病


中脳

ja-noun

中(ちゅう)脳(のう) • (chūnō)


脳梗塞

脳(のう)梗(こう)塞(そく) • (nōkōsoku) ^(←なうかうそく (naukausoku)?)

脳梗塞 (canonical)
nōkōsoku (romanization)
naukausoku (romanization)
なうかうそく (hiragana historical)

cerebrovascular accident
cerebrovascular accident

cerebrovascular insult
cerebrovascular insult

(neurology, pathology) a stroke; a cerebrovascular accident; a cerebrovascular insult


小脳

小(しょう)脳(のう) • (shōnō)


尾状核

尾状 (bijō, “caudate”) + 核 (kaku, “nucleus”)


延髄

延髄 (canonical)
enzui (romanization)
えんずい (hiragana historical)


星状膠細胞

ja-noun

星(せい)状(じょう)膠(こう)細(さい)胞(ぼう) • (seijōkōsaibō)

星状膠細胞 (canonical)
seijōkōsaibō (romanization)


顆粒細胞

顆粒細胞 (canonical)
karyūsaibō (romanization)

A compound of 顆粒 (karyū, “granule”) + 細胞 (saibō, “cell”)


坐骨神経

坐骨神経 (canonical)
zakotsushinkei (romanization)

坐骨神経痛

坐骨神経痛 ざこつしんけいつう


坐骨神経痛

ja-noun

坐(ざ)骨(こつ)神(しん)経(けい)痛(つう) • (zakotsushinkeitsū)

坐骨神経痛 (canonical)
zakotsushinkeitsū (romanization)

[d͡za̠ko̞t͡sɨɕĩŋke̞ːt͡sɨː]


嗅神経

嗅(きゅう)神(しん)経(けい) • (kyūshinkei) ^(←きうしんけい (kiusinkei)?)

嗅神経 (canonical)
kyūshinkei (romanization)
kiusinkei (romanization)
きうしんけい (hiragana historical)

[kʲɨːɕĩŋke̞ː]


髄鞘

髄(ずい)鞘(しょう) • (zuishō) ^(←ずいせう (zuiseu)?)

髄鞘 (canonical)
zuishō (romanization)
zuiseu (romanization)
ずいせう (hiragana historical)


扁桃核

扁桃核 (canonical)
hentōkaku (romanization)


脳症

脳(のう)症(しょう) • (nōshō) ^(←なうしやう (nausyau)?)

脳症 (canonical)
nōshō (romanization)
nausyau (romanization)
なうしやう (hiragana historical)


神経痛

神経痛 (canonical)
shinkeitsū (romanization)

[ɕĩŋke̞ːt͡sɨː]


灰白質

灰(かい)白(はく)質(しつ) • (kaihakushitsu) ^(←くわいはくしつ (kwaifakusitu)?)

灰白質 (canonical)
kaihakushitsu (romanization)
kwaifakusitu (romanization)
くわいはくしつ (hiragana historical)

灰白 (kaihaku, “gray”) + 質 (shitsu, “matter”)


白質

白質 (canonical)
hakushitsu (romanization)

白 (haku, “white”) + 質 (shitsu, “matter”)


嗅脳

ja-noun

嗅(きゅう)脳(のう) • (kyūnō) ^(←きうなう (kiunau)?)

嗅脳 (canonical)
kyūnō (romanization)
kiunau (romanization)
きうなう (hiragana historical)


神経伝達物質

しんけい でんたつ ぶっしつ

神(しん)経(けい)伝(でん)達(たつ)物(ぶっ)質(しつ) • (shinkei dentatsu busshitsu)

神経伝達物質 (canonical)
shinkei dentatsu busshitsu (romanization)

しんけーでんたつぶっしつ

[ɕĩŋke̞ː dẽ̞nta̠t͡sɨ bɯ̟ɕːit͡sɨ]


化学伝達物質

かがく でんたつ ぶっしつ

くわがくでんたつぶつしつ

化(か)学(がく)伝(でん)達(たつ)物(ぶっ)質(しつ) • (kagaku dentatsu busshitsu) ^(←くわがくでんたつぶつしつ (kwagakudentatubutusitu)?)

化学伝達物質 (canonical)
kagaku dentatsu busshitsu (romanization)
kwagakudentatubutusitu (romanization)
くわがくでんたつぶつしつ (hiragana historical)

[ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ dẽ̞nta̠t͡sɨ bɯ̟ɕːit͡sɨ]


パーキンソン病

パーキンソン病 (canonical)
Pākinson-byō (romanization)

[pa̠ːkʲĩɰ̃so̞m bʲo̞ː]

パーキンソン (Pākinson, “Parkinson”) + 病 (-byō, “disease”), calque of English Parkinson's disease

suf

(pathology, neurology) Parkinson's disease


筋萎縮性側索硬化症

ja-noun

きんいしゅくせい そくさく こうかしょう

筋(きん)萎(い)縮(しゅく)性(せい)側(そく)索(さく)硬(こう)化(か)症(しょう) • (kin'ishukusei sokusaku kōkashō)

筋萎縮性側索硬化症 (canonical)
kin'ishukusei sokusaku kōkashō (romanization)

[kʲĩɰ̃iɕɨkɯ̟se̞ː so̞kɯ̟sa̠kɯ̟ ko̞ːka̠ɕo̞ː]

From 筋萎縮性 (“amyotrophic”) + 側索 + 硬化症 (“sclerosis”).

af

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(neurology, pathology) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis


神経細胞

ja-noun

神(しん)経(けい)細(さい)胞(ぼう) • (shinkei saibō) ^(←しんけいさいばう (sinkeisaibau)?)

神経細胞 (canonical)
shinkei saibō (romanization)
sinkeisaibau (romanization)
しんけいさいばう (hiragana historical)

From 神経 (shinkei, “nerve”) + 細胞 (saibō, “cell”).


ニューロン

ja-noun

ニューロン • (nyūron)

(cytology, neurology) Synonym of 神経細胞 (shinkei saibō, “nerve cell”); a neuron


ミエリン鞘

ミエリン鞘(しょう) • (mierin-shō) ^(←ミエリンせう (mierinseu)?)

ミエリン鞘 (canonical)
mierin-shō (romanization)
mierinseu (romanization)
ミエリンせう (historical katakana)

[mʲie̞ɾʲĩɰ̃ɕo̞ː]


脊髄反射

脊(せき)髄(ずい)反(はん)射(しゃ) • (sekizui hansha) ^(←せきずいはんしや (sekizuifansya)?)

脊髄反射 (canonical)
sekizui hansha (romanization)
sekizuifansya (romanization)
せきずいはんしや (hiragana historical)

From 脊髄(せきずい) (sekizui, “spinal cord”) + 反射(はんしゃ) (hansha, “reflex”).


弓状束

弓状束 (canonical)
kyūjōsoku (romanization)

[kʲɨːʑo̞ːso̞kɯ̟]

Apparently formed of 弓(きゅう)状(じょう) (kyūjō, “arched”) + 束(そく) (soku, “bundle”); compare Latin fasciculus arcuatus (literally “curved bundle”).

cog

2007, “Hankyū nai ridan shōkōgun [Intra-hemisphere dissection syndrome]”, in Kotobank, retrieved 2021-09-14, Sekai Daihyakka Jiten:

Destruction of the left arcuate fasciculus results in conduction aphasia, and is associated with bilateral visual agnosia, presumably due to damage to the interior longitudinal fasciculus.

左弓状束破壊によって生ずる伝導失語，両側下縦束損傷による連合型視覚失認などが想定されている。

Hidari kyūjōsoku hakai niyotte shōzuru dendō shitsugo, ryōgawa-ka jūsoku sonshō niyoru rengō-gata shikaku shitsunin nado ga sōtei sareteiru.

2015, Kikunori Shinohara, Nō kagaku ga oshiete kureta oboerareu wasurenai! Kioku jutsu [Remember and don’t forget neuroscience you’ve been taught! Mnemonic devices], page 26:

Then, connecting Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area is a bundle of interlocking neurons called the arcuate fasciculus, which form a phonological loop within working memory, supporting the linking of sounds with memories.

そして、このブローカ野とウェルニッケ野の連動、弓状束と呼ばれる神経の束による連動が、ワーキングメモリの音韻ループ、音による記憶を支えています。

Soshite, kono Burōka no to Werunikke no no rendō, kyūjōsoku to yobareru shinkei no soku niyoru rendō ga, wākingu memori no on'in rūpu, oto niyoru kioku o sasaeteimasu.

(neuroanatomy) arcuate fasciculus (a bundle of neurons connecting Broca's area and Wernicke's area)


血液脳関門

ja-noun

血(けつ)液(えき)脳(のう)関(かん)門(もん) • (ketsuekinōkanmon) ^(←けつえきなうくわんもん (ketuekinaukwanmon)?)

血液脳関門 (canonical)
ketsuekinōkanmon (romanization)
ketuekinaukwanmon (romanization)
けつえきなうくわんもん (hiragana historical)