西

西と言うたら東を悟れ

what is called in the west is realized in the east → necessary to understand the back as well as the front

西と言えば東と言う

if they say West, say East → tell the opposite thing every time

西も東も分からない

cannot tell east from west → cannot be understood at all

犬が西向きゃ尾は東

dog faces west while its tail points east → clearly obvious

Originally a compound of 去に (ini, “going away”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 去(い)ぬ (inu, “to go away”)) + し (shi, “wind; (by extension) direction”, as seen in other ancient-derived words as 嵐 (arashi, “storm”, literally “wild + wind”), 旋風 (tsumuji, “whirlwind”), 東 (higashi, “east”, from older pi muka si, literally “sun + facing + wind/direction”)).
First cited in the Kojiki of 712, with the phonetic spelling 爾斯 (nisi).

西向く侍 → 二四六九士

westward-facing samurai → mnemonic for months with less than 31 days, with 士 standing for 十一

(sumo) lower-ranked wrestlers listed on the left side of a banzuke


水

水 (canonical)
mizu (romanization)
midu (romanization)
みづ (hiragana historical)

⟨mi₁du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Ryukyuan cognates support the existence of the first vowel having an initial mid vowel.
Possibly cognate with 瑞 (mizu, “freshness, youth”).
Possible cognate with Proto-Tungusic *mū, Jurchen 木克 (mu-ke /muke/), Manchu ᠮᡠᡴᡝ (muke), Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river; water”), Mongolian мөрөн (mörön, “river”), Korean 물 (mul, “water”).

君子の交わりは淡きこと水の如し

kunshi no majiwari wa awaki koto mizu no gotoshi

(sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara mizu): water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout


東

→ English: higashi

/ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /ɸiɡaɕi/ → /hiɡaɕi/
Sound shift from hingashi (see Etymology 2 below).
Now the standard word for east.

(sumo) higher-ranked wrestlers listed on the right of a banzuke


星

/posi/ → /ɸoɕi/ → /hoɕi/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pəsi.

(sumo) a round mark indicating a victory or defeat in a bout


木

⟨ki₂⟩ → */kɨ/ → /ki/
From Old Japanese 木 (ki₂), from Proto-Japonic *kəi. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *ke. For the vowel alternation, see Wiktionary:About Proto-Japonic § Standalone forms and combining forms.
First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

猿も木から落ちる

even monkeys fall from trees → nobody's perfect

(theater, sumo, etc.) a clapper used to signal the opening or closing of a match or play


褌

→ English: fundoshi

[ɸɯ̟̃ndo̞ɕi]

越中褌

越中褌 えっちゅうふんどし

西洋褌

西洋褌 せいようふんどし

六尺褌

六尺褌 ろくしゃくふんどし

湯文字: a kind of loincloth wrap used while bathing

a similar wrap worn historically by women under a kimono

人の褌で相撲を取る

(sumo) a sumo wrestler's traditional apron


褌

(sumo) a sumo wrestler's belt, a mawashi


鉈

From Old Japanese 鉈 (nata). Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Possibly related to Old Japanese な (na, “blade, edge”).
Possibly cognate with Korean 낫 (nat), Korean 나대 (nadae) of similar meanings as Japanese 鉈 (nata).

(sumo) a technique of bending one's elbow and attacking an opponent's throat or chest with one's forearm (so called for the way the bent-elbow arm shape resembles certain varieties of nata woodworking tools)


閂

ja-noun

閂(かんぬき) • (kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (kwannuki)?)

閂 (canonical)
kannuki (romanization)
kwannuki (romanization)
くわんぬき (hiragana historical)

[kã̠nːɯ̟kʲi]

/kʷan no ki/ → /kʷanːoki/ → /kʷanːuki/ → /kanːuki/
Shift from 貫の木 (kan no ki, literally “1-kan (3.75-kilogram/8.267-pound) wood”) or 関の木 (kan no ki, literally “barrier-wood”), possibly influenced by 貫き (nuki, “wooden beam used in joinery”).

(sumo) a grip in which one wrestler wraps his arms around both of his opponent’s arms and squeezes them together to maneuver the opponent for a kimedashi or kimetaoshi, or to weaken the opponent’s grip on the mawashi; a type of armbar


部屋

Originally a compound of へ (he, “separate”, cognate with the first element in 隔たる (hedataru, “to be apart”)) + 屋 (ya, “roof, house”).
First cited to the late 900s.

compound

cognate with the first element in <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">隔たる</i> (hedataru, “to be apart”)

八角部屋

(sumo) a stable where rikishi live and train together under a shisho oyakata (stable master)


上手

上手 (canonical)
uwate (romanization)
ufate (romanization)
うはて (hiragana historical)

下手

antonym(s) of “downstream, downwind, stage right”

Compound of 上 (uwa, “up, upper”) + 手 (te, “hand”).

(sumo) the upper hand in an overhand hold


金星

Compound of 金 (kin, “gold”) + 星 (hoshi, “star”). The hoshi changes to boshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

銀星: a win by a rikishi of the lower maegashira rank over an ōzeki

(sumo) a win by a rikishi of the lower maegashira rank over a yokozuna

(sumo) a gold star mark displayed on the name and ranking board at a sumo competition indicating such a win


変化

変化 (canonical)
henka (romanization)
fenkwa (romanization)
へんくわ (hiragana historical)

変 (hen, “to change”) + 化 (ka, “to change into”)

(sumo) a step to one side during the tachiai, the initial charge at the start of a sumo match; a sidestep


土俵

土俵 (canonical)
dohyō (romanization)
dofeu (romanization)
どへう (hiragana historical)

→ English: dohyo

→ Indonesian: dohyo


行司

行司 (canonical)
gyōji (romanization)
gyauzi (romanization)
ぎやうじ (hiragana historical)

→ English: gyoji

/ɡyauzi/ → /ɡjoːʑi/
From Middle Chinese 行司 (MC hang si). For the sumo referee term, attested in the Muromachi period as 行(ぎょう)事(じ) (“event”); this kanji compound is likely the modern notation.


場所

→ Chinese: 場所 /场所 (chǎngsuǒ)

→ Korean: 장소 (jangso)

→ Palauan: basio


虫眼鏡

虫眼鏡 (canonical)
mushi megane (romanization)

Compound of 虫 (mushi, “bug, insect”) + 眼鏡 (megane, “eyeglass[es]”).

com

(slang, sumo) the lowest rank in major-league sumo, so called because the 力士 (rikishi, “sumo wrestler”) names are displayed at the bottom of the 番付 (banzuke, “sumo rankings list or program”) in a small font, requiring the use of a magnifying glass to read easily


浴びせる

ja-verb

浴(あ)びせる • (abiseru) transitive ichidan (stem 浴(あ)びせ (abise), past 浴(あ)びせた (abiseta))

浴びせる (canonical)
abiseru (romanization)
浴びせ (stem)
浴びせた (past)
浴びせ
あびせ
abise
浴びせる
あびせる
abiseru
浴びせれ
あびせれ
abisere
浴びせよ (imperative literary)
浴びせろ (colloquial imperative)
あびせよ (imperative literary)
あびせろ (colloquial imperative)
abiseyo (imperative literary)
abisero (colloquial imperative)
浴びせられる (passive)
あびせられる (passive)
abiserareru (passive)
浴びせさせる (causative)
浴びせさす (causative)
あびせさせる (causative)
あびせさす (causative)
abisesaseru (causative)
abisesasu (causative)
浴びせられる (potential)
浴びせれる (colloquial potential)
あびせられる (potential)
あびせれる (colloquial potential)
abiserareru (potential)
abisereru (colloquial potential)
浴びせよう (volitional)
あびせよう (volitional)
abiseyō (volitional)
浴びせない (negative)
浴びせぬ (negative)
浴びせん (negative)
あびせない (negative)
あびせぬ (negative)
あびせん (negative)
abisenai (negative)
abisenu (negative)
abisen (negative)
浴びせず (continuative negative)
あびせず (continuative negative)
abisezu (continuative negative)
浴びせます (formal)
あびせます (formal)
abisemasu (formal)
浴びせた (perfective)
あびせた (perfective)
abiseta (perfective)
浴びせて (conjunctive)
あびせて (conjunctive)
abisete (conjunctive)
浴びせれば (conditional hypothetical)
あびせれば (conditional hypothetical)
abisereba (conditional hypothetical)

/abusu/ → /abusuru/ → /abisuru/ → /abiseru/
From classical verb 浴びす (abisu), itself from older 浴ぶす (abusu), ultimately from Old Japanese 浴むす (amusu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

(sumo) to put one’s body onto (an opponent)


叩き込み

叩き込み (canonical)
hatakikomi (romanization)

The nominalized form of the verb 叩(はた)き込(こ)む (hatakikomu). The verb is a compound of two other verbs: 叩(はた)く (hataku) and 込(こ)む (komu).

朝野新聞, January 6, 1892: 大相撲 … 外の海（ハタキコミ）鬼ケ谷

(sumo) A winning technique in which dodges an opponent and one slaps their shoulder, neck, or back forcing them to fall forward.


横綱

(sumo) yokozuna (the highest rank in sumo-wrestling or a person holding the title)


下手

Compound of 下 (shita, “down; under; lower”) + 手 (te, “hand”).
Occasionally encountered with rendaku (連濁), where the -te ending changes to -de.

compound

(sumo) an underhand or lower hand hold, in which the wrestler's hand or arm is underneath or on the inside of the opponent's hand or arm


入幕

(sumo) promotion to makuuchi, i.e. from jūryō to maegashira


入幕

ja-verb-suru

入(にゅう)幕(まく)する • (nyūmaku suru) suru (stem 入(にゅう)幕(まく)し (nyūmaku shi), past 入(にゅう)幕(まく)した (nyūmaku shita))

入幕する (canonical)
nyūmaku suru (romanization)
入幕し (stem)
入幕した (past)


踏み切る

ja-verb

踏(ふ)み切(き)る • (fumikiru) transitive godan (stem 踏(ふ)み切(き)り (fumikiri), past 踏(ふ)み切(き)った (fumikitta))

踏み切る (canonical)
fumikiru (romanization)
踏み切り (stem)
踏み切った (past)
踏み切ら
ふみきら
fumikira
踏み切り
ふみきり
fumikiri
踏み切る
ふみきる
fumikiru
踏み切れ
ふみきれ
fumikire
踏み切られる (passive)
ふみきられる (passive)
fumikirareru (passive)
踏み切らせる (causative)
踏み切らす (causative)
ふみきらせる (causative)
ふみきらす (causative)
fumikiraseru (causative)
fumikirasu (causative)
踏み切れる (potential)
ふみきれる (potential)
fumikireru (potential)
踏み切ろう (volitional)
ふみきろう (volitional)
fumikirō (volitional)
踏み切らない (negative)
ふみきらない (negative)
fumikiranai (negative)
踏み切らず (continuative negative)
ふみきらず (continuative negative)
fumikirazu (continuative negative)
踏み切ります (formal)
ふみきります (formal)
fumikirimasu (formal)
踏み切った (perfective)
ふみきった (perfective)
fumikitta (perfective)
踏み切って (conjunctive)
ふみきって (conjunctive)
fumikitte (conjunctive)
踏み切れば (conditional hypothetical)
ふみきれば (conditional hypothetical)
fumikireba (conditional hypothetical)

From 踏む (fumu, "step on," "tread on," "stamp") + 切る (kiru, "perform an action boldly").


仕切る

仕(し)切(き)る • (shikiru) transitive godan (stem 仕(し)切(き)り (shikiri), past 仕(し)切(き)った (shikitta))

仕切る (canonical)
shikiru (romanization)
仕切り (stem)
仕切った (past)
仕切ら
しきら
shikira
仕切り
しきり
shikiri
仕切る
しきる
shikiru
仕切れ
しきれ
shikire
仕切られる (passive)
しきられる (passive)
shikirareru (passive)
仕切らせる (causative)
仕切らす (causative)
しきらせる (causative)
しきらす (causative)
shikiraseru (causative)
shikirasu (causative)
仕切れる (potential)
しきれる (potential)
shikireru (potential)
仕切ろう (volitional)
しきろう (volitional)
shikirō (volitional)
仕切らない (negative)
しきらない (negative)
shikiranai (negative)
仕切らず (continuative negative)
しきらず (continuative negative)
shikirazu (continuative negative)
仕切ります (formal)
しきります (formal)
shikirimasu (formal)
仕切った (perfective)
しきった (perfective)
shikitta (perfective)
仕切って (conjunctive)
しきって (conjunctive)
shikitte (conjunctive)
仕切れば (conditional hypothetical)
しきれば (conditional hypothetical)
shikireba (conditional hypothetical)

From 仕(し) (shi, “do”) + 切(き)る (kiru, “cut off by a partition”).


正面

ja-noun

正(しょう)面(めん) • (shōmen) ^(←しやうめん (syaumen)?)

正面 (canonical)
shōmen (romanization)
syaumen (romanization)
しやうめん (hiragana historical)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 正面 (MC tsyeng|tsyengH mjienH).
First attested in the early 1200s.

裏正面

the [[south]] side of the [[:土俵場#Japanese|土俵場]] (dohyōba, “the raised square wrestling ring”)

(sumo) the north side of the 土俵場 (dohyōba, “the raised square wrestling ring”)


呼び出し

呼び出し (canonical)
yobidashi (romanization)

Compound of 呼び (yobi, “calling”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 呼ぶ (yobu, “to call”)) + 出し (dashi, “out”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 出す (dasu, “to let or bring out”)). Literally, “calling [something] out”.

compound

(sumo) a ring attendant at a sumo match who announces competitors’ names and tends the dohyo between bouts


本場所

(sumo) honbasho (official sumo tournament)


変わり身

ja-noun

変(か)わり身(み) • (kawarimi) ^(←かはりみ (kafarimi)?)

変わり身 (canonical)
kawarimi (romanization)
kafarimi (romanization)
かはりみ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 変わり (kawari, “change, changing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 変わる (kawaru, “to change”, intransitive)) + 身 (mi, “body”).
First cited in 1957.

compound

(sumo, martial arts) a quick shift of position


グレコローマン

[ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ko̞ ɾo̞ːmã̠ɴ]


年寄り

年寄り (canonical)
toshiyori (romanization)


大関

ja-noun

大(おお)関(ぜき) • (ōzeki) ^(←おほぜき (ofozeki)?)

大関 (canonical)
ōzeki (romanization)
ofozeki (romanization)
おほぜき (hiragana historical)

(sumo) ozeki, literally 'great barrier', the second-highest rank in sumo-wrestling, above sekiwake and below yokozuna


関脇

(sumo) sekiwake, lit.: 'next to the barrier'; denoting either the third-highest rank in sumo-wrestling or a person holding it


軍配が上がる

ja-verb

軍(ぐん)配(ばい)が上(あ)がる • (gunbai ga agaru) godan (stem 軍(ぐん)配(ばい)が上(あ)がり (gunbai ga agari), past 軍(ぐん)配(ばい)が上(あ)がった (gunbai ga agatta))

軍配が上がる (canonical)
gunbai ga agaru (romanization)
軍配が上がり (stem)
軍配が上がった (past)

[ɡɯ̟̃mba̠i ɡa̠ a̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟]

(sumo) be declared the winner of a sumo bout, indicated by the referee raising his fan


勝ち越し

勝ち越し (canonical)
kachikoshi (romanization)


送り出す

送(おく)り出(だ)す • (okuridasu) transitive godan (stem 送(おく)り出(だ)し (okuridashi), past 送(おく)り出(だ)した (okuridashita))

送り出す (canonical)
okuridasu (romanization)
送り出し (stem)
送り出した (past)
送り出さ
おくりださ
okuridasa
送り出し
おくりだし
okuridashi
送り出す
おくりだす
okuridasu
送り出せ
おくりだせ
okuridase
送り出される (passive)
おくりだされる (passive)
okuridasareru (passive)
送り出させる (causative)
送り出さす (causative)
おくりださせる (causative)
おくりださす (causative)
okuridasaseru (causative)
okuridasasu (causative)
送り出せる (potential)
おくりだせる (potential)
okuridaseru (potential)
送り出そう (volitional)
おくりだそう (volitional)
okuridasō (volitional)
送り出さない (negative)
おくりださない (negative)
okuridasanai (negative)
送り出さず (continuative negative)
おくりださず (continuative negative)
okuridasazu (continuative negative)
送り出します (formal)
おくりだします (formal)
okuridashimasu (formal)
送り出した (perfective)
おくりだした (perfective)
okuridashita (perfective)
送り出して (conjunctive)
おくりだして (conjunctive)
okuridashite (conjunctive)
送り出せば (conditional hypothetical)
おくりだせば (conditional hypothetical)
okuridaseba (conditional hypothetical)

(sumo) drive out the opponent from behind


寄る

寄(よ)る • (yoru) intransitive godan (stem 寄(よ)り (yori), past 寄(よ)った (yotta))

寄る (canonical)
yoru (romanization)
寄り (stem)
寄った (past)
寄ら
よら
yora
寄り
より
yori
寄る
よる
yoru
寄れ
よれ
yore
寄られる (passive)
よられる (passive)
yorareru (passive)
寄らせる (causative)
寄らす (causative)
よらせる (causative)
よらす (causative)
yoraseru (causative)
yorasu (causative)
寄れる (potential)
よれる (potential)
yoreru (potential)
寄ろう (volitional)
よろう (volitional)
yorō (volitional)
寄らない (negative)
よらない (negative)
yoranai (negative)
寄らず (continuative negative)
よらず (continuative negative)
yorazu (continuative negative)
寄ります (formal)
よります (formal)
yorimasu (formal)
寄った (perfective)
よった (perfective)
yotta (perfective)
寄って (conjunctive)
よって (conjunctive)
yotte (conjunctive)
寄れば (conditional hypothetical)
よれば (conditional hypothetical)
yoreba (conditional hypothetical)
寄ら (irrealis stem)
よら (irrealis stem)
yora (irrealis)
寄り (continuative stem)
より (continuative stem)
yori (continuative)
寄る (stem terminative)
よる (stem terminative)
yoru (terminative)
寄る (attributive stem)
よる (attributive stem)
yoru (attributive)
寄れ (realis stem)
よれ (realis stem)
yore (realis)
寄れ (imperative stem)
よれ (imperative stem)
yore (imperative)
寄らず (negative)
よらず (negative)
yorazu (negative)
寄れど (contrastive)
よれど (contrastive)
yoredo (contrastive)
寄れば (causative)
よれば (causative)
yoreba (causative)
寄らば (conditional)
よらば (conditional)
yoraba (conditional)
寄りき (past)
よりき (past)
yoriki (past)
寄りけり (past)
よりけり (past)
yorikeri (past)
寄りつ (perfect)
よりつ (perfect)
yoritu (perfect)
寄りぬ (perfect)
よりぬ (perfect)
yorinu (perfect)
寄れり (continuative perfect)
寄りたり (continuative perfect)
よれり (continuative perfect)
よりたり (continuative perfect)
yoreri (continuative perfect)
yoritari (continuative perfect)
寄らむ (volitional)
よらむ (volitional)
yoramu (volitional)

(sumo) to push out while grabbing the belt


軍配

Appears to be a Japanese coinage from Middle Chinese-derived elements, as a compound of 軍 (gun, “army, military, troops”) + 配 (hai, “arrangement, positioning”). The hai changes to bai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

軍配団扇

軍配団扇 ぐんばいうちわ

a lacquered rigid wooden fan used for signal

軍配者: a person issuing commands to a military force: a commander

軍配凧: a kite in the shape of a gunbai uchiwa

a common tropical creeping vine: Ipomoea pes-caprae

軍配酸漿 ぐんばいほおずき

軍配酸漿: the egg sac of marine whelk of family Melongenidae

軍配虫

common name for a lace bug, flying insect of family Tingidae

軍配を返す: → to signal the start of a sumo match

once the initial start-up positioning time has run out

軍配通り

as indicated, confirmation of the victory indicated by a referee

(sumo) any of various signals indicated by a gyoji (sumo referee) using a gunbai uchiwa, including decision of the winner of a bout


軍配団扇

軍配団扇 (canonical)
gunbai uchiwa (romanization)

[ɡɯ̟̃mba̠i ɯ̟t͡ɕiβ̞a̠]

Compound of 軍配(ぐんばい) (gunbai, “army signalling”) + 団扇(うちわ) (uchiwa, “rigid Japanese hand fan”).

ja-compound

(sumo) a lacquered wooden fan used for signaling by the 行司 (gyōji, “sumo referee”)


幕下

(sumo) The third-highest division in sumo.


はず

hazu (romanization)
fazu (romanization)
はず (hiragana historical)

Unknown. There are several origin theories, including:
* From ハヅレ (hazure, “other; extraordinary”)
* Of obsolete forms ハ, meaning “open; unfold”, and ズ, meaning “unlimited; without end”
* Abbreviation of 手(て)はず (tehazu, “arrangement; plan”)
* Abbreviation of obsolete ハスヱ (hasue, “tip; end”)
* From 羽(は) (ha, “feather”) and 頭(ず) (zu, “tip; head”)

(sumo) a nock-shaped grip used in はず押(お)し (hazu oshi)


茶屋

(sumo) Short for 相撲茶屋 (sumo chaya, “an organisation which provides refreshments during sumo matches and is entrusted with the sale of some of the seats”).


小結

Uncertain. One theory holds that the term originally referred to the lowest rank eligible to appear in the “結びの一番” (musubi no ichiban), the final match of the day during a sumo tournament.

(sumo) komusubi, the fourth-highest rank in sumo, the lowest sanyaku rank


鯖折り

ja-noun

鯖(さば)折(お)り • (sabaori) ^(←さばをり (sabawori)?)

鯖折り (canonical)
sabaori (romanization)
sabawori (romanization)
さばをり (hiragana historical)

(sumo) a kimarite in which the attacker holds his opponent by the mawashi and throws all his weight high, forcing the opponents knees to buckle


フリースタイル

[ɸɯ̟ɾʲiːsɨta̠iɾɯ̟]


立ち上がる

ja-verb

立(た)ち上(あ)がる • (tachiagaru) intransitive godan (stem 立(た)ち上(あ)がり (tachiagari), past 立(た)ち上(あ)がった (tachiagatta))

立ち上がる (canonical)
tachiagaru (romanization)
立ち上がり (stem)
立ち上がった (past)
立ち上がら
たちあがら
tachiagara
立ち上がり
たちあがり
tachiagari
立ち上がる
たちあがる
tachiagaru
立ち上がれ
たちあがれ
tachiagare
立ち上がられる (passive)
たちあがられる (passive)
tachiagarareru (passive)
立ち上がらせる (causative)
立ち上がらす (causative)
たちあがらせる (causative)
たちあがらす (causative)
tachiagaraseru (causative)
tachiagarasu (causative)
立ち上がれる (potential)
たちあがれる (potential)
tachiagareru (potential)
立ち上がろう (volitional)
たちあがろう (volitional)
tachiagarō (volitional)
立ち上がらない (negative)
たちあがらない (negative)
tachiagaranai (negative)
立ち上がらず (continuative negative)
たちあがらず (continuative negative)
tachiagarazu (continuative negative)
立ち上がります (formal)
たちあがります (formal)
tachiagarimasu (formal)
立ち上がった (perfective)
たちあがった (perfective)
tachiagatta (perfective)
立ち上がって (conjunctive)
たちあがって (conjunctive)
tachiagatte (conjunctive)
立ち上がれば (conditional hypothetical)
たちあがれば (conditional hypothetical)
tachiagareba (conditional hypothetical)

[ta̠t͡ɕia̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟]

(sumo) to end warming up (shikiri) and start a match


千秋楽

ja-noun

千(せん)秋(しゅう)楽(らく) • (senshūraku) ^(←せんしうらく (sensiuraku)?)

千秋楽 (canonical)
senshūraku (romanization)
sensiuraku (romanization)
せんしうらく (hiragana historical)

→ English: senshuraku

[sẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨːɾa̠kɯ̟]

Compound of 千秋(せんしゅう) (senshū, “thousand years, millennium”, literally “thousand autumns”) + 楽(らく) (raku, “comfort, ease”). The noun senses are derived from the gagaku work, which was originally played to mark the enthronement of Emperor Go-Sanjō in the mid-11th century.
The alternative spelling 千穐楽 is mostly used in the context of theatre, due to superstitions based on the kanji 秋 (“autumn”) containing 火 (“fire”); therefore 亀 (“turtle”) was substituted with a more auspicious connotation.

ja-compound

(sumo, theater) the final day in a set of multi-day performances


どすこい

(sumo) An interjection used in cheering for sumo: great; tremendous; extreme


残った

The past perfective form of verb 残る (nokoru, “to remain”).

(sumo) used by a 行司 (gyōji, “referee”) to indicate that a match has begun and is ongoing


フォール

ja-noun

フォール • (fōru)


蹲踞

蹲(そん)踞(きょ) or 蹲(そん)踞(こ) • (sonkyo or sonko)

蹲踞 (canonical)
蹲踞 (canonical)
sonkyo (romanization)
sonko (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 蹲踞 (MC dzwon kjoH). The reading of sonko uses the go'on reading of ko for 踞.


蹲踞

ja-verb-suru

蹲(そん)踞(きょ)する or 蹲(そん)踞(こ)する • (sonkyo suru or sonko suru) suru (stem 蹲(そん)踞(きょ)し (sonkyo shi), past 蹲(そん)踞(きょ)した (sonkyo shita))

蹲踞する (canonical)
蹲踞する (canonical)
sonkyo suru (romanization)
sonko suru (romanization)
蹲踞し (stem)
蹲踞した (past)
蹲踞し
そんきょし
sonkyo shi
蹲踞する
そんきょする
sonkyo suru
蹲踞すれ
そんきょすれ
sonkyo sure
蹲踞せよ (imperative literary)
蹲踞しろ (colloquial imperative)
そんきょせよ (imperative literary)
そんきょしろ (colloquial imperative)
sonkyo seyo (imperative literary)
sonkyo shiro (colloquial imperative)
蹲踞される (passive)
そんきょされる (passive)
sonkyo sareru (passive)
蹲踞させる (causative)
蹲踞さす (causative)
そんきょさせる (causative)
そんきょさす (causative)
sonkyo saseru (causative)
sonkyo sasu (causative)
蹲踞できる (potential)
そんきょできる (potential)
sonkyo dekiru (potential)
蹲踞しよう (volitional)
そんきょしよう (volitional)
sonkyo shiyō (volitional)
蹲踞しない (negative)
そんきょしない (negative)
sonkyo shinai (negative)
蹲踞せず (continuative negative)
そんきょせず (continuative negative)
sonkyo sezu (continuative negative)
蹲踞します (formal)
そんきょします (formal)
sonkyo shimasu (formal)
蹲踞した (perfective)
そんきょした (perfective)
sonkyo shita (perfective)
蹲踞して (conjunctive)
そんきょして (conjunctive)
sonkyo shite (conjunctive)
蹲踞すれば (conditional hypothetical)
そんきょすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sonkyo sureba (conditional hypothetical)
蹲踞し
そんこし
sonko shi
蹲踞する
そんこする
sonko suru
蹲踞すれ
そんこすれ
sonko sure
蹲踞せよ (imperative literary)
蹲踞しろ (colloquial imperative)
そんこせよ (imperative literary)
そんこしろ (colloquial imperative)
sonko seyo (imperative literary)
sonko shiro (colloquial imperative)
蹲踞される (passive)
そんこされる (passive)
sonko sareru (passive)
蹲踞させる (causative)
蹲踞さす (causative)
そんこさせる (causative)
そんこさす (causative)
sonko saseru (causative)
sonko sasu (causative)
蹲踞できる (potential)
そんこできる (potential)
sonko dekiru (potential)
蹲踞しよう (volitional)
そんこしよう (volitional)
sonko shiyō (volitional)
蹲踞しない (negative)
そんこしない (negative)
sonko shinai (negative)
蹲踞せず (continuative negative)
そんこせず (continuative negative)
sonko sezu (continuative negative)
蹲踞します (formal)
そんこします (formal)
sonko shimasu (formal)
蹲踞した (perfective)
そんこした (perfective)
sonko shita (perfective)
蹲踞して (conjunctive)
そんこして (conjunctive)
sonko shite (conjunctive)
蹲踞すれば (conditional hypothetical)
そんこすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sonko sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(sumo, kendo) to assume the sonkyo position


寄り切り

寄り切り (canonical)
yorikiri (romanization)

→ English: yorikiri

The 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 寄り切る (yorikiru, “to push an opponent out of the ring while gripping on the opponent’s mawashi”).

ただいまの決まり手は「寄り切り」。寄り切って、◯◯の勝ち。

Tadaima no kimarite wa “yorikiri”. Yorikitte,◯◯ no kachi.

The winning move just now is a yorikiri. [wrestler’s name]’s win is by yorikiri.

(sumo) a winning move by pushing an opponent out of the ring while gripping on the opponent’s mawashi


猫騙し

猫騙し (canonical)
nekodamashi (romanization)

猫(ねこ) (neko, “cat”) + 騙(だま)し (damashi, “deception”). Literally, “fool the cat”.

ja-compound

(sumo) loudly clapping hands in front of an opponent’s face to distract them at the start of a sumo match


前褌

(sumo) The front part of a sumo wrestler’s belt, front of the mawashi.


四股名

(sumo) shikona, a sumo athlete’s ring name


立合い

(sumo) tachiai, the initial charge at the start of a sumo bout


勝ち星

勝ち星 (canonical)
kachiboshi (romanization)

Compound of 勝(か)ち (kachi, “victory, win”) + 星(ほし) (hoshi, “star → dot → circle”).
The hoshi changes to boshi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

(sumo) a white circle used to indicate a win


押し出す

ja-verb

押(お)し出(だ)す • (oshidasu) godan (stem 押(お)し出(だ)し (oshidashi), past 押(お)し出(だ)した (oshidashita))

押し出す (canonical)
oshidasu (romanization)
押し出し (stem)
押し出した (past)
押し出さ
おしださ
oshidasa
押し出し
おしだし
oshidashi
押し出す
おしだす
oshidasu
押し出せ
おしだせ
oshidase
押し出される (passive)
おしだされる (passive)
oshidasareru (passive)
押し出させる (causative)
押し出さす (causative)
おしださせる (causative)
おしださす (causative)
oshidasaseru (causative)
oshidasasu (causative)
押し出せる (potential)
おしだせる (potential)
oshidaseru (potential)
押し出そう (volitional)
おしだそう (volitional)
oshidasō (volitional)
押し出さない (negative)
おしださない (negative)
oshidasanai (negative)
押し出さず (continuative negative)
おしださず (continuative negative)
oshidasazu (continuative negative)
押し出します (formal)
おしだします (formal)
oshidashimasu (formal)
押し出した (perfective)
おしだした (perfective)
oshidashita (perfective)
押し出して (conjunctive)
おしだして (conjunctive)
oshidashite (conjunctive)
押し出せば (conditional hypothetical)
おしだせば (conditional hypothetical)
oshidaseba (conditional hypothetical)

to push out (to eject, etc.)
(sumo) to use oshidashi

to push out (to eject, etc.)
to use oshidashi


掬い投げ

ja-noun

掬(すく)い投(な)げ • (sukuinage) ^(←すくひなげ (sukufinage)?)

掬い投げ (canonical)
sukuinage (romanization)
sukufinage (romanization)
すくひなげ (hiragana historical)
掬投 (alternative)

From 掬い (sukui, “scooping”) + 投げ (nage, “throw”).


立行司

ja-noun

立(たて)行(ぎょう)司(じ) • (tate-gyōji) ^(←たてぎやうじ (tategyauzi)?)

立行司 (canonical)
tate-gyōji (romanization)
tategyauzi (romanization)
たてぎやうじ (hiragana historical)

→ English: tategyoji

From 立て (tate-, “first”) + 行司 (gyōji, “sumo referee”).

prefix

木村庄之助 木村庄之助#Japanese

式守伊之助 式守伊之助#Japanese

(sumo) one of the two head gyoji (sumo referees) overseeing the highest-ranked sumo wrestlers: 木村庄之助 (Kimura Shōnosuke) and 式守伊之助 (Shikimori Inosuke)


浴びせ倒し

ja-noun

浴(あ)びせ倒(たお)し • (abisetaoshi) ^(←あびせたふし (abisetafusi)?)

浴びせ倒し (canonical)
abisetaoshi (romanization)
abisetafusi (romanization)
あびせたふし (hiragana historical)

→ English: abisetaoshi

From 浴びせ (abise, the 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 浴びせる (abiseru), “to put one’s own body (onto an opponent)”) + 倒し (taoshi, the 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 倒す (taosu), “to throw down”).

com

(sumo) a winning move in which the attacker forces his opponent over backwards by throwing his weight into him from a grappling position


明け荷

(sumo) akeni, a wicker box used by rikishi or gyoji to store personal items


ちゃんこ鍋

ちゃんこ鍋 (canonical)
chankonabe (romanization)

Uncertain. Theories include ちゃん (-chan), suffix to the name of the cook, or Mandarin 鏟鍋 /铲锅 (chǎnguō, “metal pot”), plus 鍋(なべ) (nabe, “food cooked in a pot”).

(sumo) chankonabe; a stew of meat, seafood and vegetables eaten by sumo rikishi


力水

力水 (canonical)
chikara mizu (romanization)

Compound of 力 (“strength, power”) + 水 (“water”).

(sumo) chikara mizu, water used by rikishi to ritually cleanse the mouth before a match


出稽古

(sumo) degeiko, a practice session between rikishi of different heya


土俵入り

土俵入り (canonical)
dohyōiri (romanization)

Compound of 土俵(どひょう) (dohyō, “sumo ring”) + 入(い)り (iri), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 入(い)る (iru, “come in”).

ja-etym-renyokei

(sumo) dohyo-iri, a ring-entering ceremony performed by rikishi in the higher divisions


花相撲

(sumo) hanazumo, an exhibition tournament, a tournament outside the six official basho held each year


はっけよい

Various theories exist:
* According to Daigenkai (1932), thought to be a compound of 八卦 (hakke, “bagua”) + 良い (yoi, “good”)
* The original pronunciation might have been hakk(i)yoi, see alternative forms above.

(sumo) said by a 行司 (gyōji, “referee”) after a successful 立ち合い (tachiai, “initial charge”) and when both wrestlers are in a standoff


はっきよい

Various theories exist:
* The Japan Sumo Association referee ruleset states it is a shift from a compound of 発気 (hakki, literally “discharging spirits”) + 揚々 (yōyō, “exultant, triumphant”).
* According to Masatsugu Okazaki, a shift from 早競へ (haya-kioe), a compound of 早 (haya, “already, now”) + 競へ (kioe, the 已然形 (izenkei, “realis form”) and/or 命令形 (meireikei, “imperative form”) of classical verb 競ふ (kiou), “to compete”).
* The pronunciation might have originally been はっけよい (hakkeyoi), see that article for more.

com

はっけよい はっけよい#Japanese

(sumo) Alternative spelling of はっけよい (hakkeyoi): said by a 行司 (gyōji, “referee”) after a successful 立ち合い (tachiai, “initial charge”) and when both wrestlers are in a standoff


ガチンコ

ガチンコ (canonical)
がちんこ (canonical)
gachinko (romanization)

[ɡa̠t͡ɕĩŋko̞]

From がちん (gachin, “thuddingly”, adverb; sound effect for something heavy and solid colliding) + こ (-ko, nominalizer). Compare ぶらんこ (buranko, “(playground) swing”), from adverb ぶらん (buran, “hanging loosely”) + こ (ko, nominalizer).

suffix

(sumo) a real match with no allowance to one's competitor, as opposed to a thrown or an arranged match


待った

Perfective た (-ta) form of verb 待(ま)つ (matsu, “to wait”). Interjection and noun senses developed from the use of the ta-form as a colloquial imperative.


待った

(sumo) false start; failed or mistimed attempt to start a match

待ったを掛ける

(sumo) time-out; short break in the match


物言い

ja-noun

物(もの)言(い)い • (monoii) ^(←ものいひ (monoifi)?)

物言い (canonical)
monoii (romanization)
monoifi (romanization)
ものいひ (hiragana historical)

→ English: mono-ii

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 物言う (monoiu, “to talk”).
Equivalent to 物 (mono, “thing”) + 言い (ii, “speaking, talking”).

com

(sumo) an objection to a gyōji's decision on a bout


序の口

序の口 (canonical)
jo no kuchi (romanization)

(sumo) the lowest rank of sumo wrestlers


角界

ja-noun

角(かく)界(かい) or 角(かっ)界(かい) • (kakukai or kakkai)

角界 (canonical)
角界 (canonical)
kakukai (romanization)
kakkai (romanization)

Blend of 角力 (kakuryoku, sumō, “wrestling; sumo”) + 界 (-kai, “world”)


はず押し

はず押し (canonical)
hazuoshi (romanization)

From 筈(はず) (hazu, “notch”) + 押(お)し (oshi), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 押(お)す (osu, “push”).

ja-etym-renyokei

(sumo) a pushing technique in which an athlete’s hands push against the opponent’s armpits or upper body


突っ張り

突っ張り (canonical)
tsuppari (romanization)

はず押し

under-arm push; pushing with clenched fingers

(sumo) thrusting attack; pushing or slapping an opponent with open palms


式守伊之助

ja-pos

式(しき)守(もり)伊(い)之(の)助(すけ) • (Shikimori Inosuke)

式守伊之助 (canonical)
Shikimori Inosuke (romanization)

(sumo) title given to the second-highest ranking referee (gyōji) in professional sumo

木村庄之助

Kimura Shōnosuke, title of highest ranking referee

木村庄之助 きむら　しょうのすけ


木村庄之助

木(き)村(むら)庄(しょう)之(の)助(すけ) • (Kimura Shōnosuke)

木村庄之助 (canonical)
Kimura Shōnosuke (romanization)

(sumo) title given to the highest ranking referee (gyōji) in professional sumo

式守伊之助

Shikimori Inosuke, title of second-highest ranking referee

式守伊之助 しきもり　いのすけ


ヒール

ja-noun

ヒール • (hīru)

professional wrestling
professional wrestling


食い下がる

ja-verb

食(く)い下(さ)がる • (kuisagaru) godan (stem 食(く)い下(さ)がり (kuisagari), past 食(く)い下(さ)がった (kuisagatta))

食い下がる (canonical)
kuisagaru (romanization)
食い下がり (stem)
食い下がった (past)
食い下がら
くいさがら
kuisagara
食い下がり
くいさがり
kuisagari
食い下がる
くいさがる
kuisagaru
食い下がれ
くいさがれ
kuisagare
食い下がられる (passive)
くいさがられる (passive)
kuisagarareru (passive)
食い下がらせる (causative)
食い下がらす (causative)
くいさがらせる (causative)
くいさがらす (causative)
kuisagaraseru (causative)
kuisagarasu (causative)
食い下がれる (potential)
くいさがれる (potential)
kuisagareru (potential)
食い下がろう (volitional)
くいさがろう (volitional)
kuisagarō (volitional)
食い下がらない (negative)
くいさがらない (negative)
kuisagaranai (negative)
食い下がらず (continuative negative)
くいさがらず (continuative negative)
kuisagarazu (continuative negative)
食い下がります (formal)
くいさがります (formal)
kuisagarimasu (formal)
食い下がった (perfective)
くいさがった (perfective)
kuisagatta (perfective)
食い下がって (conjunctive)
くいさがって (conjunctive)
kuisagatte (conjunctive)
食い下がれば (conditional hypothetical)
くいさがれば (conditional hypothetical)
kuisagareba (conditional hypothetical)

[kɯ̟isa̠ɡa̠ɾɯ̟]

Compound of 食い (“連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) of the verb 食(く)う (kū)”) + 下がる

com

(sumo) to grab the front of the opponent's mawashi, place one's head against their chest, and lower one's hips


肩透かし

肩透かし (canonical)
katasukashi (romanization)

→ English: katasukashi


死に体

(sumo) losing posture; falling position from which it is impossible to recover


禁じ手

[kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑite̞]

From 禁じる (kinjiru, “to forbid”) + 手 (te, “hand”).

(shogi, sumo, go) A foul or forbidden move


脇が甘い

ja-adj

脇(わき)が甘(あま)い • (waki ga amai) -i (adverbial 脇(わき)が甘(あま)く (waki ga amaku))

脇が甘い (canonical)
waki ga amai (romanization)
脇が甘く (adverbial)
脇が甘かろ (imperfective stem)
わきがあまかろ (imperfective stem)
waki ga amakaro (imperfective)
脇が甘く (continuative stem)
わきがあまく (continuative stem)
waki ga amaku (continuative)
脇が甘い (stem terminative)
わきがあまい (stem terminative)
waki ga amai (terminative)
脇が甘い (attributive stem)
わきがあまい (attributive stem)
waki ga amai (attributive)
脇が甘けれ (hypothetical stem)
わきがあまけれ (hypothetical stem)
waki ga amakere (hypothetical)
脇が甘かれ (imperative stem)
わきがあまかれ (imperative stem)
waki ga amakare (imperative)
脇が甘くない (informal negative)
わきがあまくない (informal negative)
waki ga amaku nai (informal negative)
脇が甘かった (informal past)
わきがあまかった (informal past)
waki ga amakatta (informal past)
脇が甘くなかった (informal negative past)
わきがあまくなかった (informal negative past)
waki ga amaku nakatta (informal negative past)
脇が甘いです (formal)
わきがあまいです (formal)
waki ga amai desu (formal)
脇が甘くないです (formal negative)
わきがあまくないです (formal negative)
waki ga amaku nai desu (formal negative)
脇が甘かったです (formal past)
わきがあまかったです (formal past)
waki ga amakatta desu (formal past)
脇が甘くなかったです (formal negative past)
わきがあまくなかったです (formal negative past)
waki ga amaku nakatta desu (formal negative past)
脇が甘くて (conjunctive)
わきがあまくて (conjunctive)
waki ga amakute (conjunctive)
脇が甘ければ (conditional)
わきがあまければ (conditional)
waki ga amakereba (conditional)
脇が甘かったら (conditional past)
わきがあまかったら (conditional past)
waki ga amakattara (conditional past)
脇が甘かろう (volitional)
わきがあまかろう (volitional)
waki ga amakarō (volitional)
脇が甘く (adverbial)
わきがあまく (adverbial)
waki ga amaku (adverbial)
脇が甘さ (noun-from-adj)
わきがあまさ (noun-from-adj)
waki ga amasa (noun-from-adj)

Originally a sumo term, compound of 脇 + が + 甘い

(sumo) poor at preventing one's opponent from getting an underarm grip


チョップ

[t͡ɕo̞p̚pɯ̟]


チョップ

ja-verb-suru

チョップする • (choppu suru) suru (stem チョップし (choppu shi), past チョップした (choppu shita))

チョップする (canonical)
choppu suru (romanization)
チョップし (stem)
チョップした (past)
チョップし
choppu shi
チョップする
choppu suru
チョップすれ
choppu sure
チョップせよ (imperative literary)
チョップしろ (colloquial imperative)
choppu seyo (imperative literary)
choppu shiro (colloquial imperative)
チョップされる (passive)
choppu sareru (passive)
チョップさせる (causative)
チョップさす (causative)
choppu saseru (causative)
choppu sasu (causative)
チョップできる (potential)
choppu dekiru (potential)
チョップしよう (volitional)
choppu shiyō (volitional)
チョップしない (negative)
choppu shinai (negative)
チョップせず (continuative negative)
choppu sezu (continuative negative)
チョップします (formal)
choppu shimasu (formal)
チョップした (perfective)
choppu shita (perfective)
チョップして (conjunctive)
choppu shite (conjunctive)
チョップすれば (conditional hypothetical)
choppu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[t͡ɕo̞p̚pɯ̟]


デスマッチ

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from death + match.


踏み出し

踏み出し (canonical)
fumidashi (romanization)

English: fumidashi

Nominalization of 踏(ふ)み出(だ)す (fumidasu, “to step out”).


幕内

(sumo) the upper five ranks among the ten ranks in sumo


ヨカタ

ja:プロレス用語一覧#や行


綱取り

綱取り (canonical)
tsunatori (romanization)