韻

韻 (canonical)
in (romanization)
ゐん (hiragana historical)

(phonetics) a rhyme group in Chinese rhyme dictionaries, consisting of kanji sharing the same or similar finals


平板型

平板型 (canonical)
heiban-gata (romanization)

[he̞ːbã̠ŋɡa̠ta̠]

Compound of 平板 (heiban, “flat; monotone”) + 型 (gata, “type”)

compound

(phonetics) monotone type: the most common pitch accent pattern in “standard” Japanese or 標(ひょう)準(じゅん)語(ご) (hyōjungo), as used in the mass media, where no syllable is accented: the first syllable has a low pitch and all subsequent syllables have a higher, gradually lowering pitch


平板式

平板式 (canonical)
heiban-shiki (romanization)

[he̞ːbã̠ɰ̃ɕikʲi]

Compound of 平板 (heiban, “flat; monotone”) + 式 (shiki, “style”)

The pitch accent pattern in Japanese where no syllable is accented: the first syllable has low pitch and all subsequent syllables have higher, gradually lowering pitch.


摩擦音

摩擦音 (canonical)
masatsuon (romanization)

摩擦音は、唇と唇、齒及び口蓋と舌との如く、副管の局部を甚しく狹窄して、息と聲とが、其の狹窄部に摩擦されるに由て生ずる音で、息と聲とが、持ち來られる間はつゞけられる續音である。無聲音では、フの父音サ行ハ行等の父音、有聲音では、ワ行ヤ行ザ行等が之に屬する。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第一節 父音の分類 [Section 1: Types of Consonants]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 78:

Fricatives are sounds generated by air and phonation friction caused by a tight constriction at places of articulation in the vocal tract, such as bilabial, dental and palatal. Such airflow and phonation is continuously sustained. There are voiceless fricatives, such as the consonant /ɸ/, and the consonants of the sa-row, fa-row, etc.; there are also voiced fricatives, such as those of the wa-row, ya-row, za-row, etc.

Masatuon fa, kutibiru to kutibiru, fa oyobi kougai to sita to no gotoku, fukukan no kyokubu wo itasiku kefusaku site, iki to kowe to ga, sono kefusakubu ni masatu sareru ni yotte syauzuru on de, iki to kowe to ga, motikorareru ma fa tudukerareru zokuon de aru. Museion de fa, fu no fuon sagyau fagyau tou no fuon, iuseion de fa, wagyau yagyau zagyau tou ga kore ni zokusuru.


破擦音

破擦音 (canonical)
hasatsuon (romanization)

Blend of 破裂音 (“plosive”) + 摩擦音 (“fricative”)


破裂音

破裂音 (canonical)
haretsuon (romanization)

[ha̠ɾe̞t͡sɨõ̞ɴ]


唇音

From 唇(しん) (shin, “lips”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


舌音

From 舌 (した (ゼツ), tongue) + 音 (おと (オン), sound)

舌端歯茎音

舌端歯茎音 ぜったんしけいおん

舌先歯茎音

舌先歯茎音 ぜっせんしけいおん

舌端裏後部歯茎音

舌端裏後部歯茎音 ぜったんりこうぶしけいおん


軟口蓋音

軟口蓋音 (canonical)
nankōgaion (romanization)

[nã̠ŋko̞ːɡa̠iõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 軟(なん)口(こう)蓋(がい) (nankōgai, “soft palate”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


無声

Compound of 無 (mu, “not, non-, without”) + 声 (sei, “voice”).

com

無声音

voiceless sound, voiceless pronunciation


妨げ音

妨げ音 (canonical)
samatageon (romanization)


共鳴音

[kʲo̞ːme̞ːõ̞ɴ]

From 共鳴(きょうめい) (kyōmei, “resonance”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


国際音声記号

ja-pos

こくさい おんせい きごう

こくさい おんせい きがう

国(こく)際(さい)音(おん)声(せい)記(き)号(ごう) • (Kokusai Onsei Kigō) ^(←こくさいおんせいきがう (Kokusai Onsei Kigau)?)

国際音声記号 (canonical)
Kokusai Onsei Kigō (romanization)
Kokusai Onsei Kigau (romanization)
こくさいおんせいきがう (hiragana historical)

[ko̞kɯ̟sa̠i õ̞ɰ̃se̞ː kʲiɡo̞ː]

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

(phonetics) International Phonetic Alphabet


音声記号

音声記号 (canonical)
onseikigō (romanization)

[õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːkʲiɡo̞ː]

From 音(おん)声(せい) (onsei, “speech”) + 記(き)号(ごう) (kigō, “symbol”).

ja-compound

発音記号

発音記号 はつおんきごう


発音記号

ja-noun

発(はつ)音(おん)記(き)号(ごう) • (hatsuonkigō) ^(←はつおんきがう (fatuonkigau)?)

発音記号 (canonical)
hatsuonkigō (romanization)
fatuonkigau (romanization)
はつおんきがう (hiragana historical)

[ha̠t͡sɨõ̞ŋʲkʲiɡo̞ː]

From 発(はつ)音(おん) (hatsuon, “pronunciation”) + 記(き)号(ごう) (kigō, “symbol”).

ja-compound

音声記号

音声記号 おんせいきごう


調音音声学

ja-noun

ちょうおん おんせいがく

調(ちょう)音(おん)音(おん)声(せい)学(がく) • (chōon onseigaku) ^(←てうおんおんせいがく (teuon onseigaku)?)

調音音声学 (canonical)
chōon onseigaku (romanization)
teuon onseigaku (romanization)
てうおんおんせいがく (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕo̞ːo̞ɰ̃ õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟]


音響音声学

おんきょう おんせいがく

おんきゃう おんせいがく

音(おん)響(きょう)音(おん)声(せい)学(がく) • (onkyō onseigaku) ^(←おんきゃうおんせいがく (onkyau onseigaku)?)

音響音声学 (canonical)
onkyō onseigaku (romanization)
onkyau onseigaku (romanization)
おんきゃうおんせいがく (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ː õ̞ɰ̃se̞ːɡa̠kɯ̟]


調音部位

調音部位 (canonical)
chōon bui (romanization)

place of articulation
place of articulation

調音位置

調音位置 ちょうおんいち


調音位置

調音位置 (canonical)
chōon ichi (romanization)

From 調音(ちょうおん) (chōon, “articulation”) + 位置(いち) (ichi, “position”).

調音部位

調音部位 ちょうおんぶい


有声音

Compound of 有声 (yūsei, “voiced”) + 音 (on, “sound”).


有声

Compound of 有 (yū, “to have, possess, own”) + 声 (sei, “voice”).

com

(phonetics) sonant, vocal, phonic; the quality of being voiced

有声子音

有声子音 ゆうせいしいん


有声子音

有声子音 (canonical)
yūsei shiin (romanization)

From 有声(ゆうせい) (yūsei, “voiced”) + 子音(しいん) (shiin, “consonant”).


無声子音

無声子音 (canonical)
musei shiin (romanization)

有声子音

有声子音 ゆうせいしいん

From 無声(むせい) (musei, “voiceless”) + 子音(しいん) (shiin, “consonant”).


子音

ja-noun

子(し)音(いん) or 子(し)音(おん) • (shiin or shion)

子音 (canonical)
子音 (canonical)
shiin (romanization)
shion (romanization)

→ Chinese: 子音 (zǐyīn)

→ Korean: 자음 (ja'eum)

子 (“child”) + 音 (“sound”). From the notion of a mothering vowel mating with a fathering consonant and giving birth to an onsetted mora, according to Meiji-era linguists, as in father /k/ + mother あ (/a/) = child か (/ka/).

Coordinate term: 母音 (boin)


母音

→ Chinese: 母音 (mǔyīn)

→ Korean: 모음 (mo'eum)

→ Vietnamese: mẫu âm

母 (“mother”) + 音 (“sound”). From the notion of a mothering vowel mating with a fathering consonant and giving birth to an onsetted mora, according to Meiji-era linguists, as in father /k/ + mother あ (/a/) = child か (/ka/). Compare 字母 (jibo, “letter”, literally “character mother”), 声母 (seibo, “onset”, literally “sound mother”) and 韻母 (inbo, “rhyme”, literally “rime mother”), all of which compare the process of generating words, syllables, etc. from a basic set of segments to motherhood.

Coordinate term: 子音 (shiin)


両唇音

両(りょう)唇(しん)音(おん) • (ryōshin'on) ^(←りやうしんおん (ryausin'on)?)

両唇音 (canonical)
ryōshin'on (romanization)
ryausin'on (romanization)
りやうしんおん (hiragana historical)

[ɾʲo̞ːɕĩɰ̃õ̞ɴ]

両 (ryō, “both”) + 唇音 (shin'on, “labial”)


促音

Coordinate term: 撥音

(Japanese phonology and phonetics) a moraic obstruent (the first half of a Japanese geminate obstruent, such as the first [k] in [kk], usually phonologically noted as /Q/, bearing one mora as the coda of a syllable)


撥音

[ha̠t͡sɨõ̞ɴ]

From 撥(はつ) (hatsu, “pick”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).

ja-compound

Coordinate term: 促音

(Japanese phonology and phonetics) a moraic nasal (usually phonologically noted as /N/, variously realized as [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɴ] or a nasalized vowel, bearing one mora as the coda of a syllable)


韻尾

韻尾 (canonical)
inbi (romanization)
winbi (romanization)
ゐんび (hiragana historical)


清濁

(phonetics) voiced and unvoiced consonants


平上去入

ja-noun

平(ひょう)上(じょう)去(きょ)入(にゅう) • (hyōjōkyonyū) ^(←ひやうじやうきよにふ (fyauzyaukyonifu)?)

平上去入 (canonical)
hyōjōkyonyū (romanization)
fyauzyaukyonifu (romanization)
ひやうじやうきよにふ (hiragana historical)

[ço̞ːʑo̞ːkʲo̞ɲ̟ɨː]

From Middle Chinese 平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù).

(Chinese phonetics) the four tones of Middle Chinese:

the four tones of Middle Chinese:
平声 (hyōshō, “level tone”)

the four tones of Middle Chinese:
上声 (jōshō, “rising tone”)

the four tones of Middle Chinese:
去声 (kyoshō, “departing tone”)

the four tones of Middle Chinese:
入声 (nisshō, “checked tone”)


入声

入(にっ)声(しょう) or 入(にっ)声(せい) • (nisshō or nissei)

入声 (canonical)
入声 (canonical)
nisshō (romanization)
nissei (romanization)

Middle Chinese 入聲.
/nipusjau/ → /nipsjau/ → /nisshoː/

(Chinese phonetics) the entering tone (one of the 仄声 (sokusei, “oblique tones”) among the 四声 (shisei, “four tones”) of Middle Chinese)


激音

(phonetics) an aspirated sound in the Korean language


平音

(phonetics) an unaspirated sound in the Korean language


濃音

(phonetics) a tense or fortis sound in the Korean language


口蓋音化

口蓋音化 (canonical)
kōgai onka (romanization)

[ko̞ːɡa̠i õ̞ŋka̠]

(phonetics) palatalization (the process by which a sound becomes palatal)


閉塞音

閉塞音 (canonical)
heisokuon (romanization)

[he̞ːso̞kɯ̟õ̞ɴ]

Compound of 閉塞(へいそく) (heisoku, “blockade”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


閉鎖音

[he̞ːsa̠õ̞ɴ]

Compound of 閉鎖 (heisa, “closing”) + 音 (on, “sound”).


三内

(phonetics) in Sanskrit phonology, a general term for the three places of articulation that consonants are grouped into: dorsal (/k/, /ɡ/, /ŋ/), coronal (/t/, /d/, /n/), and labial (/p/, /b/, /m/)


三内音

[sã̠nːa̠iõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 三内(さんない) (sannai) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).

(phonetics) in Sanskrit phonology, a consonant produced using one of the three places of articulation: dorsal (/k/, /ɡ/, /ŋ/), coronal (/t/, /d/, /n/), or labial (/p/, /b/, /m/)


喉内

(phonetics) in Sanskrit phonology, consonants made with the throat; the dorsal (/k/, /ɡ/, /ŋ/) consonants


舌内

(phonetics) in Sanskrit phonology, consonants made with the tongue; the coronal (/t/, /d/, /n/) consonants


唇内

(phonetics) in Sanskrit phonology, consonants made with the lips; the labial (/p/, /b/, /m/) consonants


舌内音

舌内音 (canonical)
zetsunaion (romanization)

Compound of 舌内(ぜつない) (zetsunai) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).

(phonetics) in Sanskrit phonology, a consonant made with the tongue; a coronal (/t, d, n/) consonant


喉内音

Compound of 喉内(こうない) (kōnai) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).

(phonetics) in Sanskrit phonology, a consonant made with the throat; a dorsal (/k, g, ŋ/) consonant


唇内音

唇内音 (canonical)
shinnaion (romanization)

[ɕĩnːa̠iõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 唇内(しんない) (shinnai, “labial”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).

(phonetics) in Sanskrit phonology, a consonant made with the lips; a labial (/p, b, m/) consonant


詰まる

ja-verb

詰(つ)まる • (tsumaru) intransitive godan (stem 詰(つ)まり (tsumari), past 詰(つ)まった (tsumatta))

詰まる (canonical)
tsumaru (romanization)
詰まり (stem)
詰まった (past)
詰まら
つまら
tsumara
詰まり
つまり
tsumari
詰まる
つまる
tsumaru
詰まれ
つまれ
tsumare
詰まられる (passive)
つまられる (passive)
tsumarareru (passive)
詰まらせる (causative)
詰まらす (causative)
つまらせる (causative)
つまらす (causative)
tsumaraseru (causative)
tsumarasu (causative)
詰まれる (potential)
つまれる (potential)
tsumareru (potential)
詰まろう (volitional)
つまろう (volitional)
tsumarō (volitional)
詰まらない (negative)
つまらない (negative)
tsumaranai (negative)
詰まらず (continuative negative)
つまらず (continuative negative)
tsumarazu (continuative negative)
詰まります (formal)
つまります (formal)
tsumarimasu (formal)
詰まった (perfective)
つまった (perfective)
tsumatta (perfective)
詰まって (conjunctive)
つまって (conjunctive)
tsumatte (conjunctive)
詰まれば (conditional hypothetical)
つまれば (conditional hypothetical)
tsumareba (conditional hypothetical)
詰まら (irrealis stem)
つまら (irrealis stem)
tumara (irrealis)
詰まり (continuative stem)
つまり (continuative stem)
tumari (continuative)
詰まる (stem terminative)
つまる (stem terminative)
tumaru (terminative)
詰まる (attributive stem)
つまる (attributive stem)
tumaru (attributive)
詰まれ (realis stem)
つまれ (realis stem)
tumare (realis)
詰まれ (imperative stem)
つまれ (imperative stem)
tumare (imperative)
詰まらず (negative)
つまらず (negative)
tumarazu (negative)
詰まれど (contrastive)
つまれど (contrastive)
tumaredo (contrastive)
詰まれば (causative)
つまれば (causative)
tumareba (causative)
詰まらば (conditional)
つまらば (conditional)
tumaraba (conditional)
詰まりき (past)
つまりき (past)
tumariki (past)
詰まりけり (past)
つまりけり (past)
tumarikeri (past)
詰まりつ (perfect)
つまりつ (perfect)
tumaritu (perfect)
詰まりぬ (perfect)
つまりぬ (perfect)
tumarinu (perfect)
詰まれり (continuative perfect)
詰まりたり (continuative perfect)
つまれり (continuative perfect)
つまりたり (continuative perfect)
tumareri (continuative perfect)
tumaritari (continuative perfect)
詰まらむ (volitional)
つまらむ (volitional)
tumaramu (volitional)

[t͡sɨma̠ɾɯ̟]

(phonetics, phonology) pronounce with a geminate consonant


濁る

濁(にご)る • (nigoru) intransitive godan (stem 濁(にご)り (nigori), past 濁(にご)った (nigotta))

濁る (canonical)
nigoru (romanization)
濁り (stem)
濁った (past)
濁ら
にごら
nigora
濁り
にごり
nigori
濁る
にごる
nigoru
濁れ
にごれ
nigore
濁られる (passive)
にごられる (passive)
nigorareru (passive)
濁らせる (causative)
濁らす (causative)
にごらせる (causative)
にごらす (causative)
nigoraseru (causative)
nigorasu (causative)
濁れる (potential)
にごれる (potential)
nigoreru (potential)
濁ろう (volitional)
にごろう (volitional)
nigorō (volitional)
濁らない (negative)
にごらない (negative)
nigoranai (negative)
濁らず (continuative negative)
にごらず (continuative negative)
nigorazu (continuative negative)
濁ります (formal)
にごります (formal)
nigorimasu (formal)
濁った (perfective)
にごった (perfective)
nigotta (perfective)
濁って (conjunctive)
にごって (conjunctive)
nigotte (conjunctive)
濁れば (conditional hypothetical)
にごれば (conditional hypothetical)
nigoreba (conditional hypothetical)

2007, 新時代日漢辭典 /新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局 /大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:

濁点のついた仮名は濁って読む


後舌母音

後舌母音 (canonical)
atojita boin (romanization)

後舌(あとじた) (atojita, “tongue positioned relatively back”) + 母音(ぼいん) (boin, “vowel”).


後舌母音

後舌母音 (canonical)
kōzetsu boin (romanization)

後舌(こうぜつ) (kōzetsu, “tongue positioned relatively back”) + 母音(ぼいん) (boin, “vowel”).


流音

流音 (canonical)
ryūon (romanization)
riuon (romanization)
りうおん (hiragana historical)


去声

ja-noun

去(きょ)声(しょう) or 去(きょ)声(せい) • (kyoshō or kyosei)

去声 (canonical)
去声 (canonical)
kyoshō (romanization)
kyosei (romanization)

(Chinese phonetics) the departing tone (one of the 仄声 (sokusei, “oblique tones”) among the 四声 (shisei, “four tones”) of Middle Chinese)


上声

上(じょう)声(しょう) or 上(じょう)声(せい) • (jōshō or jōsei) ^(←じやうしやう (zyausyau) or じやうせい (zyausei)?)

上声 (canonical)
上声 (canonical)
jōshō (romanization)
jōsei (romanization)
zyausyau (romanization)
zyausei (romanization)
じやうしやう (hiragana historical)
じやうせい (hiragana historical)

(Chinese phonetics) the rising tone (one of the 仄声 (sokusei, “oblique tones”) among the 四声 (shisei, “four tones”) of Middle Chinese)


非口腔音化

非口腔音化 (canonical)
hikōkōonka (romanization)

[çiko̞ːko̞ːõ̞ŋka̠]


顫動音

[sẽ̞ndo̞ːõ̞ɴ]

顫動音は、實は摩擦音の一種である。空氣が口腔の一狹窄門を通過する際に、局部に著しい顫動を生ずるによつて發する音である。ラ行音が之に屬する。卽ちラ行音は、聲帶の顫動に成りたる聲が、懸壅垂を刺戟して、之を振動し、一の顫音を生ずるのである。此顫音が、更に舌頭と口蓋との狹窄門に摩擦せられて、ラ行音は成り立つものである。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第一節 父音の分類 [Section 1: Types of Consonants]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, pages 78–79:

Trills are actually a type of fricatives. They are caused by significant vibrations at places of articulation where air passes through a constriction in the oral cavity. The sounds of the ra-row are trills. Specifically for the ra-row, phonation starts with vibrations at the vocal folds, then stimulates the uvula and shakes it, making a vibrating sound. This sound further undergoes friction at the constriction formed by the blade of the tongue and the palate, resulting in a sound of the ra-row.

Sendōon wa, jitsu wa masatsuon no isshu de aru. Kūki ga kōkō no ichikyōsakumon o tsūka suru sai ni, kyokubu ni ichijirushii sendō o shōzuru ni yotte hassuru on de aru. Ragyōon ga kore ni zokusuru. Sunawachi ragyōon wa, seitai no sendō ni nari taru koe ga, ken'yōsui o shigeki shite, kore o shindō shi, ichi no sen'on o shōzuru no de aru. Kono sen'on ga, sara ni zettō to kōgai to no kyōsakumon ni masatsu serarete, ragyōon wa naritatsu mono de aru.

(phonetics) Synonym of 震え音 (furueon, “trill”)


震え音

震(ふる)え音(おん) • (furueon) ^(←ふるへおん (furufeon)?)

震え音 (canonical)
furueon (romanization)
furufeon (romanization)
ふるへおん (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟ɾɯ̟e̞õ̞ɴ]

suf

<i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">震える</i> (“to vibrate”)


四声

ja-noun

四(し)声(せい) or 四(し)声(しょう) • (shisei or shishō)

四声 (canonical)
四声 (canonical)
shisei (romanization)
shishō (romanization)

(Chinese phonetics, of Middle Chinese) the four tones


音便

(Japanese phonology and phonetics) euphony (sound change)

Japanese grammar#Euphonic changes (音便, onbin)


歯擦音

歯擦音 (canonical)
shisatsuon (romanization)

[ɕisa̠t͡sɨõ̞ɴ]

歯 (shi, “tooth”) + 擦音 (satsuon, “fricative”)


接近音

接近音 (canonical)
sekkin'on (romanization)


側面音

側面音 (canonical)
sokumen'on (romanization)

[so̞kɯ̟mẽ̞ɰ̃õ̞ɴ]


入破音

ja-noun

入(にゅう)破(は)音(おん) • (nyūhaon) ^(←にふはおん (nifufaon)?)

入破音 (canonical)
nyūhaon (romanization)
nifufaon (romanization)
にふはおん (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ɨːha̠õ̞ɴ]


吸着音

吸(きゅう)着(ちゃく)音(おん) • (kyūchakuon) ^(←きふちやくおん (kifutyakuon)?)

吸着音 (canonical)
kyūchakuon (romanization)
kifutyakuon (romanization)
きふちやくおん (hiragana historical)

[kʲɨːt͡ɕa̠kɯ̟õ̞ɴ]


放出音

放(ほう)出(しゅつ)音(おん) • (hōshutsuon) ^(←はうしゆつおん (fausyutuon)?)

放出音 (canonical)
hōshutsuon (romanization)
fausyutuon (romanization)
はうしゆつおん (hiragana historical)

[ho̞ːɕɨt͡sɨõ̞ɴ]


前舌母音

前(まえ)舌(じた)母(ぼ)音(いん) • (maejita boin) ^(←まへじたぼいん (mafezitaboin)?)

前舌母音 (canonical)
maejita boin (romanization)
mafezitaboin (romanization)
まへじたぼいん (hiragana historical)


前舌母音

前舌母音 (canonical)
zenzetsu boin (romanization)


唇歯音

唇歯音 (canonical)
shinshion (romanization)


舌唇音

舌(ぜっ)唇(しん)音(おん) • (zesshin'on) ^(←ぜつしんおん (zetusin'on)?)

舌唇音 (canonical)
zesshin'on (romanization)
zetusin'on (romanization)
ぜつしんおん (hiragana historical)


舌頂音

舌(ぜっ)頂(ちょう)音(おん) • (zetchōon) ^(←ぜつちやうおん (zetutyauon)?)

舌頂音 (canonical)
zetchōon (romanization)
zetutyauon (romanization)
ぜつちやうおん (hiragana historical)


歯茎音

[ha̠ɡɯ̟kʲiõ̞ɴ]

From 歯(は)茎(ぐき) (haguki, “gingiva; gums”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


歯茎音

From 歯(し)茎(けい) (shikei, “gingiva; gums”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


反り舌音

反り舌音 (canonical)
sorijitaon (romanization)

[so̞ɾʲiʑita̠õ̞ɴ]


硬口蓋音

ja-noun

硬(こう)口(こう)蓋(がい)音(おん) • (kōkōgaion) ^(←かうこうがいおん (kaukougaion)?)

硬口蓋音 (canonical)
kōkōgaion (romanization)
kaukougaion (romanization)
かうこうがいおん (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːko̞ːɡa̠iõ̞ɴ]

Compound of 硬(こう)口(こう)蓋(がい) (kōkōgai, “hard palate”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


舌背音

ja-noun

舌(ぜっ)背(ぱい)音(おん) • (zeppaion) ^(←ぜつぱいおん (zetupaion)?)

舌背音 (canonical)
zeppaion (romanization)
zetupaion (romanization)
ぜつぱいおん (hiragana historical)


口蓋垂音

口蓋垂音 (canonical)
kōgaisuion (romanization)

[ko̞ːɡa̠isɨiõ̞ɴ]

From 口(こう)蓋(がい)垂(すい) (kōgaisui, “palatine uvula”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


咽頭音

From 咽頭(いんとう) (intō, “pharynx”) + 音(おん) (on, “sound”).


声門音

声門音 (canonical)
seimon'on (romanization)

[se̞ːmõ̞ɰ̃õ̞ɴ]

声門破裂音

声門破裂音 せいもんはれつおん


声門破裂音

ja-noun

声(せい)門(もん)破(は)裂(れつ)音(おん) • (seimon haretsuon)

声門破裂音 (canonical)
seimon haretsuon (romanization)


中舌母音

中舌母音 (canonical)
nakajita boin (romanization)


中舌母音

中(ちゅう)舌(ぜつ)母(ぼ)音(いん) • (chūzetsu boin) ^(←ちゆうぜつぼいん (tyuuzetuboin)?)

中舌母音 (canonical)
chūzetsu boin (romanization)
tyuuzetuboin (romanization)
ちゆうぜつぼいん (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕɨːze̞t͡sɨbo̞ĩɴ]


音位転換

音(おん)位(い)転(てん)換(かん) • (on'itenkan) ^(←おんゐてんくわん (on'witenkwan)?)

音位転換 (canonical)
on'itenkan (romanization)
on'witenkwan (romanization)
おんゐてんくわん (hiragana historical)

[õ̞ɰ̃itẽ̞ŋkã̠ɴ]

(phonetics, prosody) metathesis (the transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word)


反切

[hã̠ɰ̃se̞t͡sɨ]

(Chinese phonetics) fanqie (in traditional Chinese lexicography, a method of indicating the pronunciation of a character by using two other characters, each giving part of the pronunciation)


平声

平(ひょう)声(しょう) or 平(へい)声(せい) • (hyōshō or heisei)

平声 (canonical)
平声 (canonical)
hyōshō (romanization)
heisei (romanization)

(Chinese phonetics) the level tone (contrasting with the 仄声 (sokusei, “oblique tones”) among the 四声 (shisei, “four tones”) of Middle Chinese)


長音

長(ちょう)音(おん) • (chōon) ^(←ちやうおん (tyauon)?)

長音 (canonical)
chōon (romanization)
tyauon (romanization)
ちやうおん (hiragana historical)


単音

(phonetics) a phone (speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties)


喉音

Literary Chinese 喉音 (hóuyīn, literally “throaty sound”)

der

(phonetics) Synonym of 声門音 (seimon'on, “glottal sound”)


仄声

ja-noun

仄(そく)声(せい) or 仄(そく)声(しょう) • (sokusei or sokushō)

仄声 (canonical)
仄声 (canonical)
sokusei (romanization)
sokushō (romanization)

(Chinese phonetics) an oblique tone (the 上声 (jōshō, “rising tone”), the 去声 (kyoshō, “departing tone”) or the 入声 (nisshō, “entering tone”), contrasting with the 平声 (hyōshō, “level tone”) among the 四声 (shisei, “four tones”) of Middle Chinese)


舌尖音

舌尖音 (canonical)
zessen'on (romanization)

[d͡ze̞sːẽ̞ɰ̃õ̞ɴ]


半母音

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Semivowel
ja:半母音
Ōsaka

Compound of 半(はん) (han-, “semi-”) + 母音(ぼいん) (boin, “vowel”).
First cited to a text from 1912 with the now-obsolete reading of hanboon. The reading appears to have shifted from hanboon to hanboin by 1922.


父音

父音 (canonical)
父音 (canonical)
fuin (romanization)
fuon (romanization)

父 (“father”) + 音 (“sound”). From the notion of a mothering vowel mating with a fathering consonant and giving birth to an onsetted mora, according to Meiji-era linguists, as in father /k/ + mother あ (/a/) = child か (/ka/).

Holonym: 子音 (shion)

Coordinate term: 母音 (boon)

父音とは、母音と配合して、子音をつくる一種の音なり。その音隱微にして、 いまだ、判然と口外にあらはれたるものにあらず。されば、また、これを標すべき文字のあることなし。今、假に、片假字を以て示すときは、五十音の宇列の、ク、ス、ツ、ヌ、フ、ム、ユ、ル、ウ、九個の子音より、母音を引き去りたる跡にのこれるもの、卽ちこれなり。

1893 March, 宗司 大宮, “第二章 母音 父音 子音 [Chapter 2: Mother Sounds, Father Sounds and Child Sounds]”, in 日本辭林 [A Japanese Dictionary], Tokyo: Hakubunkan, page 6:

‘Father sounds’ are a class of sounds that combines with mother sounds to make child sounds. They are obscure: there is no obvious way to enunciate them. As such, there are no letters for representing them either. Now, if we tentatively note them with katakana, using this column of the fifty sounds, ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u, they shall be just whatever is left after we take the mother sounds out of these nine child sounds.

Fuon to wa, boon to haigō shite, shion o tsukuru isshu no on nari. Sono on inbi ni shite, imada, hanzen to kōgai ni araware taru mono ni arazu. Sare ba, mata, kore o shirusu beki moji no aru koto nashi. Ima, kari ni, katakana o motte shimesu toki wa, gojūon no jiretsu no, ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru, u, kuko no shion yori, boon o hikisari taru ato ni nokoreru mono, sunawachi kore nari.

母音と配合して、子音を生ずる、幽微なる音を、父音といふ。父音をあらはすべき、文字は無けれど、假に、クスツヌフムユル𛄢の九字と以て、之にあつ。父母兩音の配合して、子音を生ずる狀、左の如し。

1897 March, “〇父音 [Father Sounds]”, in 日本文典 [A Japanese Grammar], 中等學科敎授法硏究會:

Father sounds are subtle sounds that combine with mother sounds to bear child sounds. There are no letters for representing father sounds, so the nine letters ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u are tentatively used here. The ways father and mother sounds combine and bear child sounds are illustrated on the left.

Boon to haigō shite, shion o shōzuru, iubi naru on o, FUON to iu. Fuon o arawasu beki, moji wa nakere do, kari ni, ku su tsu nu fu mu yu ru u no kuji to motte, kore ni atsu. Fubo ryōon no haigō shite, shion o shōzuru jō, hidari no gotoshi.

故に、此の四十五音を、子音と稱し、其のクスツヌフムユル𛄢の如き九音を、父音と稱す。此の父音は、極めて隱微なるものにて、明に聲に發する能はざれど、やゝ、これ等に似たる故に、此の九個の音の文字にて、これを示せるなり。

1897 November, Shioi, Ukō, “第二 子音 [Number 2: Child Sounds]”, in 中學日本文典 [A Middle-School Japanese Grammar], 六盟館, page 3:

Thus, the forty-five sounds are called ‘child sounds’, and the nine sounds such as ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u are called ‘father sounds’. The father sounds are highly obscure, and even though they can be clearly uttered, they can only be approximated by these nine phonetic letters that sound close to them.

Yue ni, kono shijūgoon o, shion to shōshi, sono ku su tsu nu fu mu yu ru u no gotoki kuon o, fuon to shōsu. Kono fuon wa, kiwamete inbi naru mono ni te, saya ni koe ni hassuru nō wa zaredo, yaya, korera ni ni taru ni, kono kuko no on no moji ni te, kore o shimeseru nari.

父音は、モルガニー竇以上、卽ち副管中の或る局部に於ける、音の摩擦、密閉等によりて生ずるものである。前に母音の特質として擧げたるものを知らば、母音ならざるものゝ特質も推量せられるであらうが、とにかく、父音と母音との根本的區別に於て、下の如く說くことが出來る。母音に於ては、口腔は單に有聲の音を共鳴するので、有聲の音と云ふが母音の本質であるが、父音は口腔內に於ける音の通路を狹窄して、摩擦音を生じたり、密閉して之を破裂して、一種の破裂音を生じたりするので、口鼻腔內の調節が其の要素で、聲門の開閉はどうでもよいので、時には開いて息の音たり、時には閉ぢて聲の音たることが出來る。

1902, Hirano, Hidekichi, “第十四章 父音 [Chapter 14: Consonants]”, in 國語聲音學 [The Phonetics of the National Language], 國光社, page 75:

Consonants are sounds generated due to friction, closure, etc., at specific places of articulation above the sinus of Morgagni in the vocal tract. The characteristics of vowels have been discussed earlier, so it should not be too difficult to infer the characteristics of non-vowels. As such, the fundamental distinction between consonants and vowels can be explained as follows. For vowels, the voiced sound merely resonates in the oral cavity, and that voiced sound is characteristic of vowels. Whereas for consonants, the path of the sound through the oral cavity may be constricted in the case of fricatives, or closed and followed by a burst in the case of plosives; there may also be modulation in the oral and nasal cavities, the opening and closing of the glottis may not be relevant, or an opening may result in airflow, or a closure may result in phonation.

Fuon wa, Moruganī-tō ijō, sunawachi fukukanchū no aru kyokubu ni okeru, on no masatsu, mippei tō ni yorite shōzuru mono de aru. Mae ni boon no tokushitsu to shite age taru mono o shira ba, boon narazaru mono no tokushitsu mo suiryō serareru de arō ga, to ni kaku, fuon to boon to no konponteki kubetsu ni oite, shita no gotoku toku koto ga dekiru. Boon ni oite wa, kōkō wa tan ni yūsei no on o kyōmei suru no de, yūsei no on to iu ga boon no honshitsu de aru ga, fuon wa kōkōnai ni okeru on no tsūro o kyōsaku shite, masatsuon o shōji tari, mippei shite kore o haretsu shite, isshu no haretsuon o shōji tari suru no de, kōbikōnai no chōsetsu ga sono yōso de, seimon no kaihei wa dō de mo yoi no de, toki ni wa aite iki no on tari, toki ni wa tojite koe no on taru koto ga dekiru.

ク、ス、ツ、ヌ、フ、ム、ユ、ル、ウの九文字を、父音と云ふ、

1905 June, 黃山 片岡, “父音 [Father Sounds]”, in 黃山著作集, Saitama: Suharaya, page 14:

The nine letters ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru and u are called ‘father sounds’

Ku, su, tsu, nu, fu, mu, yu, ru, u no kumoji o, fuon to iu,

父(ふ)音(おん)と云(い)ふものはカサタナハマヤラの八字(じ)を云(い)ふのでありまして、大(おほ)きな環(くわん)から左(さ)に示(しめ)す圖(づ)式(しき)のやうに取(と)るのであります。

1912, 淸 榊原, “⑶ 父音 [(3) Father Sounds]”, in 自習速記術 [Self-Taught Stenography], 以文館, page 13:

‘Father sounds’ are the eight letters ka, sa, ta, na, ha, ma, ya and ra, and they are written as shown in the diagram on the left page, around the big circle.

Fuon to iu mono wa ka sa ta na ha ma ya ra no hachiji o iu no de arimashite, ōki na kan kara sa ni shimesu zushiki no yō ni toru no de arimasu.

(obsolete, phonetics, phonology) Synonym of 子音 (shiin, “a consonant”)


リンキング

[ɾʲĩŋʲkʲĩŋɡɯ̟]

(phonetics) linking; connected speech (esp. in the context of English phonology; see linking r)