西

Originally a compound of 去に (ini, “going away”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 去(い)ぬ (inu, “to go away”)) + し (shi, “wind; (by extension) direction”, as seen in other ancient-derived words as 嵐 (arashi, “storm”, literally “wild + wind”), 旋風 (tsumuji, “whirlwind”), 東 (higashi, “east”, from older pi muka si, literally “sun + facing + wind/direction”)).
First cited in the Kojiki of 712, with the phonetic spelling 爾斯 (nisi).

compound

(Buddhism) Synonym of 西方浄土 (Saihō Jōdo): the western paradise of Amitabha Buddha

西方浄土

(Buddhism) Short for 西本願寺 (Nishi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Kyoto


愛

From Middle Chinese 愛 (MC 'ojH).
Compare modern Mandarin 愛／爱 (ài).


安心

Ultimately from Middle Chinese compound 安心 (MC 'an sim), likely through 安(あん)心(しん) (anshin) above. The shin changes to jin as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


悪魔

From Middle Chinese 惡魔 (MC 'ak ma, literally “bad, evil + demon”).

ltc-l

(Buddhism) a mara, a demon seeking to prevent enlightenment


空

ja-noun

空(くう) • (kū)

From Middle Chinese 空 (MC khuwng|khuwngH).
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit शून्यता (śūnyatā).

For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: 虚

For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: うつぼ

(Buddhism) sunyata: emptiness, vacuity, awareness, openness, thusness

(Buddhism) void: one of the 五大 (godai, literally “great five”) and the highest of the five elements


界

From Middle Chinese 界 (MC keajH, “boundary”).
In Buddhist contexts, derived from the Middle Chinese term used as a translation of Sanskrit धातु (dhātu, “layer, stratum”).

(Buddhism) the world or realm of a thing


人間

→ English: ningen

From Middle Chinese 人間 (MC nyin kean|keanH). Analyzable as a compound of "people" + "among; space".
First cited to a text from 984. The kanji spelling is cited earlier in a kanbun passage in the Shoku Nihongi of 756, listed in some references with the reading jinkan. However, the extant copies of this work that include phonetic guides are centuries younger than this first date, raising the possibility that the ningen reading might itself date from 756.

(Buddhism) literally meaning: "human society", referring to one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology (more commonly referred to with the jinkan reading)


心

/simʉ/ → */ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/
From Middle Chinese 心 (MC sim).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Pali and Sanskrit चित्त (citta).


東

/ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /ɸiɡaɕi/ → /hiɡaɕi/
Sound shift from hingashi (see Etymology 2 below).
Now the standard word for east.

(Buddhism) Short for 東本願寺 (Higashi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Shimogyō, Kyoto, Japan


仏

→ Ainu: ポトキ

→ English: hotoke

Baekje
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki

*⟨poto₂ke₂⟩ → */pətəkəi̯/ → /ɸotoke/ → /hotoke/
From Old Japanese, most likely from Proto-Koreanic *Pwutukye, hence related to modern Korean 부처 (Bucheo), Manchu ᡶᡠᠴᡳᡥᡳ (fucihi); see the Proto-Korean entry for more. The word was presumably disseminated by the Baekje people of southwestern Korea, who first introduced Buddhism to Japan. The first two syllables are ultimately from Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá), via Middle Chinese 佛陀 (MC bjut da) or some similar Sinitic form. Thomas Pellard speculates that the final element is an ancient Koreanic word for "king; lord".
The more traditional explanation still given in Japanese dictionaries is that the final ke element might be the Chinese-derived suffix 気 (ke, “spirit”), but a Koreanic explanation is more plausible.
First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

(Buddhism) a buddha (enlightened or awakened sentient being)

(Buddhism) a statue or image of any buddha

(Buddhism) performing a Buddhist memorial service


仏

(Buddhism) the Sakyamuni Buddha, Nepalese spiritual and philosophical teacher and founder of Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama

(Buddhism) any of the other buddhas named in Buddhist scriptures


僧

僧(そう) • (sō)

Clipping of 僧伽 (sōgya), borrowed from Sanskrit संघ (saṃgha).


内

(Buddhism) Buddhist teachings on the inner self or ego, as opposed to non-Buddhist ones


力

From Middle Chinese 力 (lik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese reading lik⁶.

(Buddhism) capability, especially mystical power

(Buddhism) the suchness of ability, one of the Ten Suchnesses in Mahayana Buddhism


劫

劫 (canonical)
kō (romanization)
kofu (romanization)
こふ (hiragana historical)

/kopu/ → /kofu/ → */kowu/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 劫 (MC kjaep), short form of 劫波 (MC kjaep pa), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कल्प (kalpa, “aeon”).

(Buddhism) kalpa: a unit of time in Buddhist cosmology


劫

劫 (canonical)
gō (romanization)
gofu (romanization)
ごふ (hiragana historical)

/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → */ɡowu/ → /ɡoː/
Possibly a shift from kō above.


口

(Buddhism) (by extension) one's speech, one's words


唵

唵 (canonical)
唵 (canonical)
on (romanization)

*/om/ → /omu/ → /oɴ/
From Middle Chinese 唵 ('om^X), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit ॐ (oṃ).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.


喝

(Buddhism) an interjection uttered by Zen Buddhist masters to scold their students


塔

塔 (canonical)
tō (romanization)
tafu (romanization)
たふ (hiragana historical)

/tapu/ → /taɸu/ → */tawu/ → /tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/
From Middle Chinese 塔 (MC thap, “tower, pagoda, spire”).
An abbreviation for 卒塔婆 (sotoba, sotōba), a transliteration of Sanskrit स्तूप (stūpa, “heap”).

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塔は下から組め

no good building without a good foundation; build a tower from the bottom up


塔

塔 (canonical)
-tō (romanization)
-tafu (romanization)
たふ (hiragana historical)


塵

塵 (canonical)
jin (romanization)
ぢん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 塵 (MC drin). First attested in a Buddhist text from the 600s.


境

境 (canonical)
kyō (romanization)
kyau (romanization)
きやう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) something that can be perceived with the mind or senses


夏

From Middle Chinese 夏 (MC haeH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
Also used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ge₁⟩.

(Buddhism) summer according to the lunisolar calendar; the ninety days starting from the sixteenth day of the fourth month until the fifteenth day of the seventh month


外

(Buddhism) non-Buddhist teachings or texts


天

From Middle Chinese 天 (MC then, “sky; heavens”). Compare modern Mandarin reading tiān.

天狗: long-nosed yōkai of Japanese mythology

天変地異

an extraordinary natural phenomenon or occurrence

天道

the world of heavenly gods; the world of devas

天部

大黒天

弁才天


宮

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明

/mi₁ya/ → /miya/
From Old Japanese. A compound of 神 or 御 (mi, “spiritual honorific”) + 屋 (ya, “house”).

compound

(Buddhism) a temple holding a Buddhist statue


密

From Middle Chinese 密 (MC mit).
First cited to a text from 1092.

(Buddhism) the teachings of esoteric Buddhism


寺

Second grade kyōiku kanji (romanization)

Tanjō Temple: any of various Buddhist temple

寺印

the official stamp or seal of a Buddhist temple


寺

寺 (canonical)
tera (romanization)
軒 (counter)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
ja:松村明

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, and in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation.
* Some sources derive Japanese tera from an ancestor of Middle Korean 졀 (jeol) (likely Baekje). This is from earlier 뎔 (dyeol, “temple”) and is the nativised reading of 찰 (刹, chal, “Buddhist temple”) below, deriving in turn from Middle Chinese 剎 (MC tsrhaet), shortened from 剎多羅 (MC tsrhaet ta la, “Buddhist monastery, temple or shrine”), borrowed from Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land, area, domain”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáytram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéytrom.
* Other sources describe Japanese tera as cognate with modern Korean 찰 (刹, chal, “temple”), appearing as a component in terms such as 선찰 (禪刹, seonchal, “Zen temple”), 사찰 (寺刹, sachal, “Buddhist temple”).
* Another derivation is given as Pali thera (“elders”) in reference to the monks.
Considering the phonetic development in Korean, the avenues for transmission of Buddhist terms to Japan, and the consistent temple sense of the Japanese term throughout recorded history, the now-obsolete Korean 뎔 (dyeol, “temple”) may be a more likely source than Pali thera (“elders”).


尊

From Middle Chinese 尊 (MC tswon).
Compare modern Mandarin 尊 (zūn).


庵

/am/ → /amu/ → /aɴ/
From Middle Chinese 庵 (MC 'om).

(Buddhism) a priest's quarter attached to a large Zen temple


律

From Middle Chinese 律 (MC lwit).
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit विनय (vinaya, “discipline, guidance, humility”).

der

(Buddhism) a set of rules for a monastic community

(Buddhism) Short for 律蔵 (Ritsuzō): the Vinaya Piṭaka, one of the Tripitaka

律蔵

(Buddhism) Short for 律儀, 律義 (ritsugi): translation of Sanskrit संवर (saṃvara),


律

(Buddhism) rules of discipline for a monastic community


律

(Buddhism) Short for 律宗 (Risshū): the Risshū school of Buddhism


斎

(Buddhism) meals exchanged between priests and parishioners


明

明 (canonical)
myō (romanization)
myau (romanization)
みやう (hiragana historical)

/mʲau/ → /mʲɔː/ → /mʲoː/
From Middle Chinese 明 (MC mjaeng).
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit विद्या (vidyā, “knowledge, wisdom”).

(Buddhism) passing of knowledge, scholarship, or study


明

(Buddhism) knowledge or wisdom that dispels the darkness of ignorance and brings to the realization of truth; enlightenment


有

有 (canonical)
yū (romanization)
iu (romanization)
いう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 有 (MC hjuwX). The sense “and, with a remainder of” is from Middle Chinese 有 / 又 (MC hjuwH).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.


有

From Middle Chinese 有 (MC hjuwX).
The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.


果

果 (canonical)
ka (romanization)
kwa (romanization)
くわ (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) phala, attained state, result

(Buddhism) enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice)


根

From Middle Chinese 根 (MC kon). First cited in Japanese contexts in the 法華義疏 (Hokke Gisho) dated to 615, a commentary on the Buddhist Lotus Sutra that was written in Classical Chinese.

(Buddhism) the original motive force leading to perception of something by the five senses or by thought


棒

棒 (canonical)
bō (romanization)
bau (romanization)
ばう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 棒 (MC baewngX). The goon pronunciation, so likely an earlier borrowing.

(Buddhism) staff used by practitioners of Zen Buddhism


業

業 (canonical)
gō (romanization)
gofu (romanization)
ごふ (hiragana historical)

業によりて果を引く

you reap what you sow, what goes around comes around

/ɡopu/ → /ɡofu/ → /ɡou/ → /ɡoː/
From Middle Chinese 業 (MC ngjaep). The goon, so likely an earlier borrowing. Translation from the Sanskrit term कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action, performance”).

業が煮える, 業が煎れる, 業が湧く

to be irritated, to be annoyed, to get angry

業の風

the powerful wind of sin that blow in hell

業の秤

a mythological scale that weighs the sins of the dead

業を曝す

to endure shame in this life as karma for sins committed in a previous life


業

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.


機

From Middle Chinese 機 /机 (kjɨj, “mechanism; opportunity, chance”). Compare modern Min Nan reading ki.

(Buddhism) the moment of being moved into action by the teachings of the Buddha: see 機根 (kikon)


檀

(Buddhism) Short for 檀那 (danna, “generosity, almsgiving”).


法

法 (canonical)
hō (romanization)
fafu (romanization)
はふ (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 法 (MC pjop). Originally, the kan'on was はふ (fafu), and the goon was ほふ (fofu), although both became ほう (hō) in modern Japanese. It is suggested that the kan'on was used in the general senses, while the goon was used in Buddhist contexts.


漏

Translation of Sanskrit आस्रव (āsrava), cognate of Pali āsava. Literally, “leaks”. Compare 有漏(うろ) (uro) and 無漏(むろ) (muro).

(Buddhism) mental impurities (āsava) or earthly desires (klesha)


灯

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 明かす (akasu, “to go through the whole night”).

(Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha


無

→ English: mu

From Middle Chinese 無 (MC mju). The 呉音 (goon), so likely an earlier borrowing.

(Buddhism) mu; the null set: neither yes nor no (in response to a koan or other question that mistakenly assumes an affirmative or negative answer).


異

From Middle Chinese 異 (MC yiH). Compare modern Mandarin 異 /异 (yì, /i⁵¹/), Cantonese 異 /异 (ji⁶, /jiː²²/).

(Buddhism) change or disease, one of the four states or avasthā


痴

From Middle Chinese 痴 (MC trhi). Compare modern Mandarin 痴 (chī).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Sanskrit मोह (moha, “folly, ignorance”) or मूढ (mūḍha, “fool”).

(Buddhism) ignorance, one of the three roots of the vice dharmas


禅

Shortened from 禅那 (zenna, “Zen meditation practice”), from Middle Chinese 禪那 (MC dzyen na), a transliteration of Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “profound meditation”). Compare Pali jhāna.

野狐禅

someone who has not fully attained enlightenment, but puts on airs and becomes self-important as if they have

(Buddhism) the disciplines and doctrine of Zen Buddhism


禅

→ English: Zen

→ French: zen

→ German: Zen

→ Spanish: Zen

→ Thai: เซน (seen), เซ็น (sen)

(Buddhism) Short for 禅宗 (Zenshū): Zen Buddhism


粽

Compound of 茅(ち) (chi, short for chigaya, "cogon") + 巻(まき) (maki, “wrapping”).
Originally, rice cakes were wrapped in leaves from cogon grass.

ja-compound

(Buddhism, architecture) Short for 粽形 (chimaki-gata): a Zen-style pillar with rounded edges on the top and bottom parts


経

経 (canonical)
kyō (romanization)
kyau (romanization)
きやう (hiragana historical)

/kʲeu/ → /kjau/ → /kjɔː/ → /kjoː/
From Middle Chinese 經 (MC keng|kengH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit सूत्र (sūtra, literally “string, thread”) or Pali sutta (literally “string, thread”).

der

(Buddhism) a sutra (Buddhist scripture):

a discourse of the Gautama Buddha, one of the Twelve Divisions of Mahayana Buddhism

契経

discourse of the Buddha, division of Tripitaka

short for 経蔵 (Kyōzō): the Sutta Pitaka, one of the three divisions of the Tripitaka

経蔵

collective term for Buddhist literature including sutras in general

(Buddhism, by extension of reading sutras) a Buddhist service or rite


色

Middle Chinese language
Sanskrit language

From Middle Chinese 色 (MC srik). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.
The Buddhist sense is translation of Sanskrit रूप (rūpa, “outward appearance, color, form, shape”).

色彩

coloring, coloration, hue, tint; color, mood, influence, leaning

色紙

a square piece of cardboard used for painting or for writing poems

色調

the coloring of a thing; a tone, shade, or hue

舍利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識亦復如是。

7th century, Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

Sariputra, form is not different from emptiness; emptiness is not different from form. That which is form is empty; that which is emptiness is form. This is also true for sensation, perception, intention, and awareness.

Sharishi, shiki fu i kū, kū fu i shiki. Shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki. Ju-sō-gyō-shiki, yaku bu nyoze.

(Buddhism) material form, specifically the organized body as one of the five constituent elements or skandhas


苦

From Middle Chinese 苦 (khu^X, “suffering”).


蓮

Daijirin
Kyūjitai
Nelumbo nucifera
Shinjitai
Tōkyō
ja:ハス

Originally a compound of 蜂 (hachi, “bee”) + 巣 (su, “nest, hive”), literally “beehive, honeycomb”, from the way the lotus seed resembles a honeycomb.

(Buddhism, particularly Pure Land Buddhism) a lotus bloom in the realm of Sukhāvatī (“Land of Ultimate Bliss”), as an expression of reincarnation


蘊

From Middle Chinese 蘊 (MC 'jun).
The Buddhist sense is a translation of Sanskrit स्कन्ध (skandha, “collection, grouping, heap”) or Pali khandha (“collection, heap”). See entry at 五蘊 (goun).


行

行 (canonical)
gyō (romanization)
gyau (romanization)
ぎやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 行 (MC haeng). First cited in Buddhist texts of the early 600s.
The pronunciation is goon, so likely an earlier borrowing.
* For the "formations" definition, translation of Sanskrit संस्कार (saṃskāra)
* For "austerities", translation of Sanskrit चर्या (caryā)
* For "walking", translation of Sanskrit गमन (gamana)

(Buddhism) saṅkhāra: formations, mental activity; one of the 五蘊 (goun, “five skandhas”)

(Buddhism) caryā: austerities; practice or discipline for enlightenment

(Buddhism) gamana: manner of going forward or walking


観

観 (canonical)
kan (romanization)
kwan (romanization)
くわん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 觀 /观 (kwan, “look”).


証

ja-noun

証(しょう) • (shō)


量

量 (canonical)
ryō (romanization)
ryau (romanization)
りやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 量 (MC ljangH, “measure”).

比量


鐃

鐃 (canonical)
nyō (romanization)
neu (romanization)
ねう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples


鐃

鐃 (canonical)
dō (romanization)
dau (romanization)
だう (hiragana historical)


鑁

(Buddhism) Vairocana. (only used for the word "鑁阿", ban-na)


闇

From Middle Chinese 闇 (MC 'omH, “dark”).

(Buddhism) darkness, as a metaphor for worldly desires


静

静 (canonical)
jō (romanization)
zyau (romanization)
じやう (hiragana historical)

/d͡ʑʲau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 靜 (MC dzjengX). The goon, so an earlier borrowing than the sei reading.
First attested as a standalone noun in a text from roughly 1216.

(Buddhism) equanimity, upekkhā, a state untroubled by attachment or aversion


遊戯

遊戯 (canonical)
遊戯 (canonical)
yuge (romanization)
yuke (romanization)

/jiu ke/ → /juke/ ↔ /juɡe/
Likely the oldest borrowing from Middle Chinese 遊戲 (MC yuw xje), attested in Heian period literature.

(Buddhism) freedom, said of the Buddha, bodhisattvas, or other enlightened beings


修羅

修羅霊

the spirit of a demi-god or of a demi-demon

(Buddhism) Asura (a demigod of the lowest class)

(Buddhism) short for 修羅道 (shuradō, “realm of Asura; one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhism”).


仮名

仮名 (canonical)
kemyō (romanization)
kemyau (romanization)
けみやう (hiragana historical)

/kemjau/ → /kemjɔː/ → /kemjoː/
From Middle Chinese 假名 (MC kaeX|kaeH mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”) 假名 (kæ^X mjieng, literally “borrowed; false + name”). The goon reading, so probably an earlier borrowing from Chinese. Compare modern Min Nan reading ké-miâ.
The Buddhist sense derives from use of this term in Chinese as a translation of Sanskrit प्रज्ञप्ति (prajñapti, “appointing → provisional naming”), used in some Buddhist schools to refer to the practice of conceptualising and naming things that are not real.

cog

(Buddhism) the conceptualisation and provisional naming of things that are not real; something so named


人道

From nin (人, people, mankind) + dō (道, plane of existence).

(Buddhism) Life as a human: one of the six planes or domains of existence in the cycle of samsara.


世界

From Middle Chinese 世界 (MC syejH keajH), originally a translation of Sanskrit लोकधातु (lokadhātu, “region or part of the world”). Compare Hokkien 世界 (sè-kài).

世界遺産条約

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

世界一

best in the world, most (adjective) in the world

世界気象機関: the World Meteorological Organization

世界語

universal language, international language

世界自然保護基金: the World Wide Fund for Nature

世界中

throughout the world, all the world, worldwide

世界知的所有権機関: the World Intellectual Property Organization

世界連

in line with the rest of the world, normal

世界労働組合連盟: the World Federation of Trade Unions

there are no leftover women in the world; said particularly to women

世界に余った女は無い: → there is someone for everyone

世界に鬼は無い: → the world is not full of heartless people

and there are many kind souls who will lend a hand

世界は大戯場の如し

the world is just like a big theatre → all the world's a stage

世界は張り物

the world is starched clothes → it's all about appearances, clothes make the man

世界は回り持ち

the world comes in turns → all things come to those who wait, to everything there is a season

世界半分自惚れしっかり

of the world, only halfway, but full of conceit → being full of oneself without bothering to learn much about the world

世界我が物

the world is one's possession → acting as if one owns the world

万象

all things, all of the universe, every manifestation of nature

(Buddhism) the four inner realms of 須弥山 (Shumisen)


宗教

ja-noun

宗(しゅう)教(きょう) • (shūkyō) ^(←しうけう (siukeu)?)

宗教 (canonical)
shūkyō (romanization)
siukeu (romanization)
しうけう (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 宗教 (zōngjiào)

→ Korean: 종교 (jonggyo)

→ Vietnamese: tôn giáo

Ultimately from Middle Chinese, from the two nouns 宗 (shū, “doctrine”) + 教 (kyō, “teaching”). First attested with this straightforward meaning in a compilation of Classical Chinese-style poetry from 1403.
Repurposed near the start of the Meiji period to translate English religion, which sense is first attested in 1866.

(Buddhism) the Buddha's doctrine and teachings; the doctrine and teachings of a specific Buddhist denomination


比丘

Borrowed from Pali bhikkhu, from Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣu).


和尚

和(か)尚(しょう) • (kashō) ^(←くわしやう (kwasyau)?)

和尚 (canonical)
kashō (romanization)
kwasyau (romanization)
くわしやう (hiragana historical)

(Tendai or Kegon Buddhism) preceptor; high priest


和尚

和尚 (canonical)
wajō (romanization)
wazyau (romanization)
わじやう (hiragana historical)

(Shingon, Hosso, Ritsu or Shin Buddhism) preceptor; high priest


菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosatʉ/ → /bosat͡sʉ/ → /bosat͡su/
Shift from bosachi below, adopting the kan'on reading for the second character, possibly indicating a later borrowing or other influence from Middle Chinese. Ultimately from Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta.
Compare modern Cantonese 菩薩 /菩萨 (pou⁴ saat³).

妙見菩薩

妙見菩薩 みょうけんぼさつ

(Buddhism) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva


菩薩

/bosatɨ/ → /bosat͡ɕi/
From Middle Chinese 菩薩 (MC bu sat), an abbreviation of 菩提薩埵 (MC bu dej sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhi-sattva, literally “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta. Uses the goon for both characters, indicating an earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese than the bosatsu reading above.

阿彌陀仏けうしのほさちおのおの白たんしてつくり奉りたる...

Amida-butsu kyōshi no bosachi onoono byakutan shite tsukuri tatematsuritaru...

(Buddhism, obsolete) Short for 菩提薩埵 (bodai-satta): a bodhisattva


摩訶薩埵

摩訶薩埵 (canonical)
makasatta (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 摩訶薩埵 (MC ma xa sat twaX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit महासत्त्व (mahāsattva, “great creature; great being”).

bor

(Buddhism) Synonym of 摩訶薩 (makasatsu): a great bodhisattva


不思議

ja-adj

不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ) • (fushigi) -na (adnominal 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)な (fushigi na), adverbial 不(ふ)思(し)議(ぎ)に (fushigi ni))

不思議 (canonical)
fushigi (romanization)
不思議な (adnominal)
不思議に (adverbial)
不思議だろ (imperfective stem)
ふしぎだろ (imperfective stem)
fushigi daro (imperfective)
不思議で (continuative stem)
ふしぎで (continuative stem)
fushigi de (continuative)
不思議だ (stem terminative)
ふしぎだ (stem terminative)
fushigi da (terminative)
不思議な (attributive stem)
ふしぎな (attributive stem)
fushigi na (attributive)
不思議なら (hypothetical stem)
ふしぎなら (hypothetical stem)
fushigi nara (hypothetical)
不思議であれ (imperative stem)
ふしぎであれ (imperative stem)
fushigi de are (imperative)
不思議ではない (informal negative)
不思議じゃない (informal negative)
ふしぎではない (informal negative)
ふしぎじゃない (informal negative)
fushigi de wa nai (informal negative)
fushigi ja nai (informal negative)
不思議だった (informal past)
ふしぎだった (informal past)
fushigi datta (informal past)
不思議ではなかった (informal negative past)
不思議じゃなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎではなかった (informal negative past)
ふしぎじゃなかった (informal negative past)
fushigi de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
fushigi ja nakatta (informal negative past)
不思議です (formal)
ふしぎです (formal)
fushigi desu (formal)
不思議ではありません (formal negative)
不思議じゃありません (formal negative)
ふしぎではありません (formal negative)
ふしぎじゃありません (formal negative)
fushigi de wa arimasen (formal negative)
fushigi ja arimasen (formal negative)
不思議でした (formal past)
ふしぎでした (formal past)
fushigi deshita (formal past)
不思議ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
不思議じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎではありませんでした (formal negative past)
ふしぎじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
fushigi de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
fushigi ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
不思議で (conjunctive)
ふしぎで (conjunctive)
fushigi de (conjunctive)
不思議なら（ば） (conditional)
ふしぎなら（ば） (conditional)
fushigi nara (ba) (conditional)
不思議だったら (conditional past)
ふしぎだったら (conditional past)
fushigi dattara (conditional past)
不思議だろう (volitional)
ふしぎだろう (volitional)
fushigi darō (volitional)
不思議に (adverbial)
ふしぎに (adverbial)
fushigi ni (adverbial)
不思議さ (noun-from-adj)
ふしぎさ (noun-from-adj)
fushigisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

不思議

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

Contracted from 不可思議 (fuka shigi, literally “unfathomable”), equivalent to 不(ふ) (fu-) + 思議(しぎ) (shigi).

…弘誓深如海。歴劫不思議。侍多千億仏。発大清浄願…

406, Lotus Sutra (chapter 25, translation by Kumārajīva)

His great vow is as deep as the sea, unfathomable even after eons. Serving many hundreds of billions of buddhas, he has made a great pure vow.

…guzei jin nyo kai, ryakkō fushigi, ji ta sennoku butsu, hotsu dai-shōjō gan…

(Buddhism) Short for 不可思議 (fuka shigi): beyond human recognition or understanding; ineffable


未来

From Middle Chinese 未來 (MC mj+jH loj). Originally a Buddhist calque of Sanskrit अनागत (anāgata, “not yet come; future”, past participle), from अन्- (an-, “not”) + आगत (āgata, “what has come”), from the verb root आगम् (āgam, “to come”).

calque

(Buddhism) the future, one of the three existences


大人

From Middle Chinese 大人 (dɑiᴴ ȵiɪn, literally “big, great + person”). Compare modern Hakka 大人 (thai-ngìn).
The goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.


印象

印象 (canonical)
inzō (romanization)
inzau (romanization)
いんざう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) the act of a clear image or form appearing, as if impressed like a stamp; also refers to such a shape

(Buddhism) the act of printing an image of a Buddha (statue), or the printed image of a Buddha (statue) itself


悪口

悪口 (canonical)
akku (romanization)
akuku (romanization)
あくく (hiragana historical)

From Buddhism, one of the 十(じゅう)悪(あく) (jūaku, “ten evils”).

(Buddhism) the evil from the mouth, the use of malicious gossip


言語

言語 (canonical)
gongo (romanization)
ごんご (hiragana historical)


天女

From Middle Chinese 天女 (MC then nrjoX|nrjoH, literally “heavenly female; deva female”).


那由他

(Buddhism, historical) extremely large number, usually interpreted as the number 10²⁸


恒河沙

[ɡo̞ːɡa̠ɕa̠]

From Middle Chinese 恆河沙 (MC hong ha srae), calque of Sanskrit गंगानदी वालुका (gaṃgānadī vālukā, “sand of the Ganges River”).
The current usage as the number 10⁵² was first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

cog

गंगानदी वालुका

(etymology, Buddhism) a metaphor of the extremely large number


布団

→ Arabic: فُوتُون (futūn)

→ Mandarin: 布團 /布团 (bùtuán)

→ English: futon

→ Finnish: futon

→ French: futon

→ German: Futon

→ Korean: 후톤 (huton)

→ Marathi: फुतोन (phuton)

→ Russian: футо́н (futón)

→ Spanish: futón

→ Welsh: ffŵton

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
futon
ja:布団

Borrowed from written Chinese, possibly early Mandarin 蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán), likely as part of the importation of Zen Buddhism, for which practice these were originally used. First cited in Japanese to a text from the early-mid 1200s with the "meditation cushion" sense.
Originally referred literally to a 蒲 (pú, “bulrush, cattail”) 團／团 (tuán, “ball”), from the way these were round cushions made from woven bulrush leaves.
After the term was borrowed, the usage and construction of these cushions changed and the connection with bulrushes was weakened, leading to the simpler character 布 (fu, “cloth”) being used as a replacement for 蒲 (fu, “bulrush, cattail”).

zh-l

蒲團／蒲团 (pútuán)

敷き布団

mattress, bedroll; spreading / lying-down futon

(Buddhism, specifically Zen) a round cushion made of woven bulrush leaves, used for zazen seated Zen meditation


神通力

ja-noun

神(じん)通(つう)力(りき) or 神(じん)通(ずう)力(りき) • (jintsūriki or jinzūriki)

神通力 (canonical)
神通力 (canonical)
jintsūriki (romanization)
jinzūriki (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩnt͡sɨːɾʲikʲi]

[d͡ʑĩnd͡zɨːɾʲikʲi]

Compound of 神通 (jintsū, “superpower, divine or occult power or talent”, where jintsū is the older reading for modern jinzū) + 力 (riki, “power”).


畜生

ja-noun

畜(ちく)生(しょう) • (chikushō) ^(←ちくしやう (tikusyau)?)

畜生 (canonical)
chikushō (romanization)
tikusyau (romanization)
ちくしやう (hiragana historical)

[t͡ɕi̥kɯ̟ɕo̞ː]

/tikusjau/ → /t͡ɕikusjoː/
From Middle Chinese 畜生 (MC trhjuwH sraeng, literally “livestock + livestock; sacrificial animal”), itself influenced by Sanskrit तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “a beast; the organic world”) or Sanskrit तिर्यग्योनि (tiryagyoni, “animal creation”).

der

(Buddhism) a beast: a generic term for animals, birds, fish and insects, as the reincarnated form of one who had bad karma in a previous life


冥土

(Buddhism) Hades; underworld; the world of the dead


老師

老師 (canonical)
rōshi (romanization)
rausi (romanization)
らうし (hiragana historical)

/rauɕi/ → /rɔːɕi/ → /roːɕi/
From Middle Chinese compound 老師 (MC lawX srij). Compare modern Mandarin 老師 /老师 (lǎoshī).

(Buddhism) an elderly monk, especially one who is learned and virtuous


玄関

ja-noun

玄(げん)関(かん) • (genkan) ^(←げんくわん (genkwan)?)

玄関 (canonical)
genkan (romanization)
genkwan (romanization)
げんくわん (hiragana historical)

→ English: genkan

(Buddhism) the entrance to a profound path; in particular an introduction to the Zen Buddhist discipline

(Buddhism) the entrance to a Zen Buddhist temple


題目

From Middle Chinese 題目 (MC dej|dejH mjuwk).

南無妙法蓮華経 南無妙法蓮華経#Japanese

妙法蓮華経 妙法蓮華経#Japanese

(Buddhism) in Nichiren Buddhism, the chanting of the 南無妙法蓮華経 (Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō, “Glory to the Lotus Sutra”) and the 妙法蓮華経 (Myōhō Renge Kyō, “Lotus Sutra”)


空想

空想 (canonical)
kūsō (romanization)
kuusau (romanization)
くうさう (hiragana historical)

Meiji era
Mohe Zhiguan
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Rangaku

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 空想 (khuwng sjang^X, literally “fictional, fabricated + think, thought”).
The sense of fantasy is first cited in Japanese to 1886, and probably reflects a Rangaku and Meiji era style of repurposing older terminology to translate unfamiliar Western concepts.
The Buddhist sense is older, and was borrowed into Japanese along with various Chinese Buddhist texts. This term is included in the 摩訶止観 (Maka Shikan), better known in English by its Chinese pronunciation, the Mohe Zhiguan, completed some time in the early 600s.

der

(Buddhism) thought that exhibits attachment to sunyata


空想

ja-verb-suru

空(くう)想(そう)する • (kūsō suru) ^(←くうさう (kuusau)?)suru (stem 空(くう)想(そう)し (kūsō shi), past 空(くう)想(そう)した (kūsō shita))

空想する (canonical)
kūsō suru (romanization)
kuusau (romanization)
空想し (stem)
空想した (past)
空想し
くうそうし
kūsō shi
空想する
くうそうする
kūsō suru
空想すれ
くうそうすれ
kūsō sure
空想せよ (imperative literary)
空想しろ (colloquial imperative)
くうそうせよ (imperative literary)
くうそうしろ (colloquial imperative)
kūsō seyo (imperative literary)
kūsō shiro (colloquial imperative)
空想される (passive)
くうそうされる (passive)
kūsō sareru (passive)
空想させる (causative)
空想さす (causative)
くうそうさせる (causative)
くうそうさす (causative)
kūsō saseru (causative)
kūsō sasu (causative)
空想できる (potential)
くうそうできる (potential)
kūsō dekiru (potential)
空想しよう (volitional)
くうそうしよう (volitional)
kūsō shiyō (volitional)
空想しない (negative)
くうそうしない (negative)
kūsō shinai (negative)
空想せず (continuative negative)
くうそうせず (continuative negative)
kūsō sezu (continuative negative)
空想します (formal)
くうそうします (formal)
kūsō shimasu (formal)
空想した (perfective)
くうそうした (perfective)
kūsō shita (perfective)
空想して (conjunctive)
くうそうして (conjunctive)
kūsō shite (conjunctive)
空想すれば (conditional hypothetical)
くうそうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kūsō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(Buddhism) to think in a way that exhibits attachment to sunyata


江湖

江湖 (canonical)
kōko (romanization)
kauko (romanization)
かうこ (hiragana historical)


江湖

江湖 (canonical)
gōko (romanization)
gauko (romanization)
がうこ (hiragana historical)


我慢

Gaman (term)
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:我慢


阿修羅

ja-noun

阿(あ)修(しゅ)羅(ら) or 阿(あ)修(す)羅(ら) or 阿修羅(アスラ) • (ashura or asura)

阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
阿修羅 (canonical)
ashura (romanization)
asura (romanization)

From Chinese 阿修羅 /阿修罗 (āxiūluó), from Sanskrit असुर (asura).

ja:アスラ ja:阿修羅


後生

後生 (canonical)
goshō (romanization)
gosyau (romanization)
ごしやう (hiragana historical)

後生だから。


心地

心(しん)地(じ) or 心(しん)地(ち) • (shinji or shinchi) ^(←しんぢ (sindi)?)

心地 (canonical)
心地 (canonical)
shinji (romanization)
shinchi (romanization)
sindi (romanization)
しんぢ (hiragana historical)

/siːm diː/ → /simdi/ → /ɕimd͡ʑi/ → /ɕiɲd͡ʑi/
From Middle Chinese 心地 (MC sim dijH).

(Buddhism)
(Buddhism)
(Buddhism)
(Zen Buddhism)


心眼

心(しん)眼(げん) • (shingen) ^(←しんげん (singen)?)

心眼 (canonical)
shingen (romanization)
singen (romanization)
しんげん (hiragana historical)


邪魔

Originally a Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
From Middle Chinese 邪魔 (*zia mɑ, literally “wrong, evil, perverse” + “devil, demon”). Compare modern Mandarin 邪魔 (xiémó).

ja-etym-buddhist

(Buddhism) a demon or devil of perversity, a hindrance to the practice of Buddhism


弟子

From Middle Chinese 弟子 (MC dejX tsiX). Probably the initial borrowing.

(Buddhism) on a mala or Buddhist rosary, the ten small beads closest to the end of the portion that hangs free from the largest bead


仏陀

ja-pos

仏(ぶつ)陀(だ) or 仏陀(ブッダ) • (Butsuda or Budda)

仏陀 (canonical)
仏陀 (canonical)
Butsuda (romanization)
Budda (romanization)

Borrowed from Pali buddha or Sanskrit बुद्ध (buddhá). The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 佛陀 (Fótuó).

2008 July 16 [2008 January 23], Hikaru Nakamura, “その２ 最聖珍道中 [Chapter 2: The Ultimate Holy Journey]”, in [聖](セイント)☆おにいさん [Saint☆Young Men], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha:

Buddha, the Enlightened. Jesus, Son of God. They are widely regarded as the founders of Buddhism and Christianity, respectively.

目覚めた人ブッダ 神の子イエス 言わずと知れた仏教とキリスト教の祖である

Mezameta hito Budda Kami no ko Iesu Iwazu to shireta Bukkyō to Kirisuto-kyō no so de aru


火車

火車 (canonical)
kasha (romanization)
kwasya (romanization)
くわしや (hiragana historical)

/kua t͡ɕia/ → /kʷaɕʲa/ → /kaɕa/
From Middle Chinese compound 火車 (MC xwaX tsyhae).
The "steam locomotive" sense is a semantic loan from modern Chinese 火車 /火车 (huǒchē).

(Buddhism) a fiery chariot that brings sinners to hell; by extension, a form of torture using this vehicle


真実

[ɕĩɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨ]

真実一路

真実一路 しんじついちろ

(Buddhism) Synonym of 真如 (shinnyo, “suchness”)


餓鬼

餓鬼 (canonical)
餓鬼 (canonical)
gaki (romanization)

Borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 餓鬼 (MC ngaH kjw+jX, “hungry + ghost”). Compare modern Min Nan reading gō-kúi. The Chinese term derives from the importation of Buddhism into China, as a translation of Sanskrit प्रेत (preta).

(Buddhism) short for 餓鬼道 (gakidō): the hungry ghost realm, one of the six realms of reincarnation in Buddhist cosmology

餓鬼道

(Buddhism) a preta: the spirit of a jealous or greedy person who, as punishment for mortal vices, has been cursed with insatiable hunger

(Buddhism) the souls of the dead who languish in oblivion without any surviving relatives to pray for their peace


無心

(Buddhism) setting free one's mind from distracting thoughts


食堂

ja-noun

食(じき)堂(どう) • (jikidō) ^(←じきだう (zikidau)?)

食堂 (canonical)
jikidō (romanization)
zikidau (romanization)
じきだう (hiragana historical)

/d͡ʑikidau/ → /d͡ʑikidɔː/ → /d͡ʑikidoː/
From Middle Chinese 食堂 (MC zyik dang). First attested in 747.

(Buddhism) refectory in a Buddhist temple


大師

(Buddhism, formal) Great teacher; great or silent master.


地蔵

地蔵 (canonical)
Jizō (romanization)
Dizau (romanization)
ぢざう (hiragana historical)

/dizau/ → /d͡ʑizɔː/ → /d͡ʑizoː/
Calque of Sanskrit क्षितिगर्भ (Kṣitigarbha, literally “earth womb”).

calque

(Buddhism) Short for 地蔵菩薩 (Jizō Bosatsu): Ksitigarbha, the bodhisattva who looks over children, pregnant women, travelers, and the underworld


初心

From 初 (sho, “beginning stages”) + 心 (shin, “heart”).

(Buddhism) open, eager attitude to learning, as if one is a beginner


羯磨

*/kɨatɨ mʷa/ → /katuma/ → /kat͡suma/
From Middle Chinese 羯磨 (MC kjot ma), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, literally “act, action”).
This pronunciation is prevalent in many Japanese schools of Buddhism, Tendai and Jōdo-shū to name a few.

bor

(Buddhism) karma:
a person's actions, deeds, works, etc.

confessions and/or vows to follow Buddhist precepts

(Buddhism) karma:
Short for 羯磨金剛 (katsuma kongō):


羯磨

(Shingon Buddhism) karma: same as 羯磨(かつま) (katsuma) above


高祖

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 高祖 (MC kaw tsuX).
First cited in Japanese in 1120.

玄孫: a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild


聖人

ja-noun

聖(しょう)人(にん) • (shōnin) ^(←しやうにん (syaunin)?)

聖人 (canonical)
shōnin (romanization)
syaunin (romanization)
しやうにん (hiragana historical)
せいじん (alternative hiragana)
seijin (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

From 聖 (shō, sei, “holy; sacred”) + 人 (nin, jin, “person”), from Chinese 聖人 /圣人 (shèngrén).

af

(Buddhism) a term used to refer to Buddha or a bodhisattva


帷子

Compound of 片 (kata, “side; one-sided”) + 枚 (hira, “layer, thin flat thing”).
The kanji for this word are an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), from 帷 (tobari, “curtain”) and 子 (ko, “small thing”).

compound

(Buddhism) a special white kimono used to dress the dead for a Buddhist funeral, inscribed with the person's honorary name, an excerpt from a sutra, or a portion of a chant


天人

(Buddhism, mythology) heavenly spirits from Buddhist heaven


自行

自行 (canonical)
jigyō (romanization)
zigyau (romanization)
じぎやう (hiragana historical)


鬼神

ja-noun

鬼(き)神(じん) or 鬼(き)神(しん) • (kijin or kishin)

鬼神 (canonical)
鬼神 (canonical)
kijin (romanization)
kishin (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 鬼神 (MC kjw+jX zyin, “devil, devilish + god, spirit”).

ltc-l

(Buddhism) someone with superhuman power or ability, such as Śakra, the ruler of heaven, or a rakshasa or demon


聴衆

ja-noun

聴(ちょう)衆(じゅ) or 聴衆(ちょうしゅ) • (chōju or chōshu) ^(←ちやうじゆ (tyauzyu)?)

聴衆 (canonical)
聴衆 (canonical)
chōju (romanization)
chōshu (romanization)
tyauzyu (romanization)
ちやうじゆ (hiragana historical)


中道

中(ちゅう)道(どう) • (chūdō) ^(←ちゆうだう (tyuudau)?)

中道 (canonical)
chūdō (romanization)
tyuudau (romanization)
ちゆうだう (hiragana historical)

ja:中道 ja:中道政治


般若

般若 (canonical)
般若 (canonical)
hannya (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 般若 (MC pan nyaeX) or 般若 (MC paen nyaeX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit प्रज्ञा (prajñā) or Pali paññā (“wisdom”).

般若湯

hannyatō, obscure Buddhist priest jargon for

(Buddhism) prajñā, Buddhist transcendental wisdom


般若波羅蜜多

般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た) or 般若波羅蜜多(はんにゃはらみた) • (hannya haramitta or hannya haramita)

般若波羅蜜多 (canonical)
般若波羅蜜多 (canonical)
hannya haramitta (romanization)
hannya haramita (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 般若波羅蜜多, itself a transcription from Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता (prajñāpāramitā).

der

प्रज्ञापारमिता

観自在菩薩。行深般若波羅蜜多時。照見五蘊皆空。度一切苦厄。...

The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, while dwelling in the deep Perfection of Wisdom, sees clearly that the five skandhas are all empty and is thus freed from all suffering.

Kanjizai Bosatsu gyō jin hannya haramitta ji shōken goun kai kū do issai kuyaku...

(Buddhism) prajnaparamita: the Perfection of (Transcendent) Wisdom

(Buddhism) the body of sutras relating to this subject


道場

ja-noun

道(どう)場(じょう) • (dōjō) ^(←だうぢやう (daudyau)?)

道場 (canonical)
dōjō (romanization)
daudyau (romanization)
だうぢやう (hiragana historical)

→ English: dojo

→ Russian: додзё (dodzjó)

→ French: dojo

→ Polish: dojo

/daudiau/ → /dɔːd͡ʑɔː/ → /doːʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 道場 (MC dawX drjang, literally “way + place”), itself originally a translation of Sanskrit बोधिमण्ड (bodhimaṇḍa, “seat of wisdom”).

der

place where a buddha has achieved enlightenment

a building or facility for ascetic training

(Buddhism) Short for 菩提道場 (bodai-dōjō):
(by extension) a Buddhist temple

Short for 菩提道場 (bodai-dōjō):
a Buddhist temple


神通

神通 (canonical)
jinzū (romanization)
zinduu (romanization)
じんづう (hiragana historical)
神通 (canonical)
jintsū (romanization)

[d͡ʑĩnd͡zɨː]

From Middle Chinese 神通. First cited to a work from 810.

(Buddhism) a superpower, a divine or special talent or power, specifically one of the six abhijñā (“supernatural powers”) gained through Buddhist practice


観音

ja-pos

観(かん)音(のん) • (Kannon) ^(←くわんおん (Kwan'on)?)

観音 (canonical)
Kannon (romanization)
Kwan'on (romanization)
くわんおん (hiragana historical)

English: Kannon, Kwannon

/kwan.omʉ/ → /kwan.on/ → /kwanːon/ → /kanːoɴ/
From Middle Chinese 觀音 (kwan ʔim). The on reading for 音 changes to non as an instance of renjō (連声).
Origianlly a shortening of 観世音 (Kanzeon, literally “perceiver of the world's sounds”), itself a calque of Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara).

calque

अवलोकितेश्वर

観世音菩薩 観世音菩薩#Japanese

(Buddhism) Short for 観世音菩薩 (Kanzeon Bosatsu): Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion; also known in some cultures as Guanyin, the goddess of mercy


上座部

[d͡ʑo̞ːza̠bɯ̟]


悲観

From Middle Chinese 悲觀 (“compassionate view”, literally “view of pity”), a Buddhist term. Compare 慈悲 (jihi, “compassion”). Reanalyzed as 悲 (“sadness”) + 観 (“outlook”).

der

(Buddhism) a compassionate world view that motivates individuals to help and eliminate suffering


三綱

役僧

Buddhist priest with administrative duties

三綱五常

三綱五常 さんこうごじょう

three bonds and five virtues of Confucianism

(Buddhism) three priests who administer certain Buddhist temples


真空

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 真空 (MC tsyin khuwng).
First attested in the 懐風藻 (Kaifūsō) anthology of Sinitic poetry written by Japanese authors, compiled in 751.
The modern sense of vacuum is first attested in 1876.

(Buddhism) sunyata: void, emptiness, non-existence; also, in the early Buddhist schools, enlightenment, nirvana


小僧

From 小 (ko, "small," "little") + 僧 (sō, "bonze," "Buddhist monk").

門前の小僧習わぬ経を読む: a saint's maid quotes Latin


火災

火災 (canonical)
kasai (romanization)
kwasai (romanization)
くわさい (hiragana historical)

/kwasai/ → /kasai/
From Middle Chinese compound 火災 (xwa^X tsoj). Compare modern Mandarin reading huǒzāi.

火災救助袋

a cloth escape chute installed in tall buildings in Japan to facilitate escape from a fire

火災予防条例

a fire prevention law or ordinance, a fire code

(Buddhism) one of the three major calamities that destroy the world


七宝

(Buddhism) the seven treasures: gold, silver, pearls, agate, crystal, coral, lapis lazuli.


縁起

縁起 (canonical)
engi (romanization)
えんぎ (hiragana historical)

縁起棚

a shelf set up for display good luck charms, usually by a geisha, performer, or shopkeeper


弥勒

From Middle Chinese 彌勒 (mjie lok), from Sanskrit मैत्रेय (maitreya).


天台

(Buddhism) a school of Mahayana Buddhism that stresses the Lotus Sutra


念仏

From Middle Chinese-derived elements 念(ねん) (nen, “mental chanting”) + 仏(ぶつ) (butsu, “Buddha”).

念仏往生

passing away peacefully to be reborn in Paradise through invocation of Amitābha

(Buddhism) a prayer or chant to the Buddha

(Buddhism, especially) chanting the name of Amitābha Buddha, thought to rescue its devotee to the pure land


念仏

ja-verb-suru

念(ねん)仏(ぶつ)する • (nenbutsu suru) suru (stem 念(ねん)仏(ぶつ)し (nenbutsu shi), past 念(ねん)仏(ぶつ)した (nenbutsu shita))

念仏する (canonical)
nenbutsu suru (romanization)
念仏し (stem)
念仏した (past)
念仏し
ねんぶつし
nenbutsu shi
念仏する
ねんぶつする
nenbutsu suru
念仏すれ
ねんぶつすれ
nenbutsu sure
念仏せよ (imperative literary)
念仏しろ (colloquial imperative)
ねんぶつせよ (imperative literary)
ねんぶつしろ (colloquial imperative)
nenbutsu seyo (imperative literary)
nenbutsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
念仏される (passive)
ねんぶつされる (passive)
nenbutsu sareru (passive)
念仏させる (causative)
念仏さす (causative)
ねんぶつさせる (causative)
ねんぶつさす (causative)
nenbutsu saseru (causative)
nenbutsu sasu (causative)
念仏できる (potential)
ねんぶつできる (potential)
nenbutsu dekiru (potential)
念仏しよう (volitional)
ねんぶつしよう (volitional)
nenbutsu shiyō (volitional)
念仏しない (negative)
ねんぶつしない (negative)
nenbutsu shinai (negative)
念仏せず (continuative negative)
ねんぶつせず (continuative negative)
nenbutsu sezu (continuative negative)
念仏します (formal)
ねんぶつします (formal)
nenbutsu shimasu (formal)
念仏した (perfective)
ねんぶつした (perfective)
nenbutsu shita (perfective)
念仏して (conjunctive)
ねんぶつして (conjunctive)
nenbutsu shite (conjunctive)
念仏すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ねんぶつすれば (conditional hypothetical)
nenbutsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

南無阿弥陀仏 南無阿弥陀仏#Japanese

(Buddhism, especially) to chant 南無阿弥陀仏 (namu Amida-butsu), an invocation to the Amitābha Buddha


石仏

From 石 (seki, “stone”) + 仏 (butsu, “Buddhist image”).


化身

Daijirin
Daijisen
Incarnation
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Nirmāṇakāya
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
ja:化身
ja:松村明

From Middle Chinese 化身 (MC xwaeH syin, “transformation + body”), itself a translation of Sanskrit निर्माणकाय (nirmāṇakāya, “body of transformations”).
Very rarely encountered with the reading kashin, using the kan'on reading of ka for the 化 character instead of the usual goon reading of ke. Most resources do not include the kashin reading.

der

(Buddhism) one of the three trikāya: a physical incarnation of someone, such as Gautama Buddha

(Buddhism, Shinto) a physical manifestation of a Buddha, bodhisattva, kami, or other divine or mystical being


権化

From 権 (gon, “right, power”) + 化 (ke, “change oneself into”).

(Buddhism) avatar (earthly manifestation of a deity)


彼岸

(Buddhism) pāramitā the sought after perfection, clipping of 到彼岸 (tōhigan)


羅漢

First attested before the seventh century.

(Buddhism, colloquial) Short for 阿羅漢 (arakan): an arhat, Buddhist saint


精霊

ja-noun

精(しょう)霊(りょう) • (shōryō) ^(←しやうりやう (syauryau)?)

精霊 (canonical)
shōryō (romanization)
syauryau (romanization)
しやうりやう (hiragana historical)

Bon Festival
Hōryūji
Prince Shōtoku
ja:精霊

From Middle Chinese 精靈 (MC tsjengH leng, literally “essence, spirit, soul + soul, spirit”). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing.

ltc-l

聖霊院: one of the pagoda at Hōryūji temple

聖霊会: a memorial service in honor of Prince Shōtoku

held on the 22nd day of the second lunar month

聖霊送り: a ceremony to send off one's ancestors' spirits at the end of the Bon Festival

around the 16th day of the seventh lunar month

wherein one sets loose model boat made of wood

聖霊棚: a shelf whereon one sets mortuary tablet for one's ancestor for the Bon Festival

精霊蜻蛉: general name given to various kinds of dragonfly that often appear around the time of the Shōryō Matsuri

精霊流し, 聖霊流し

the practice of setting loose model boat made of wood or straw on stream and river at the end of the Bon Festival

聖霊火: a ceremonial signal fire lit for the Bon Festival to help guide the spirit of one's ancestor

straw and set loose on stream and river at the end of the Bon Festival to send off the spirit of one's ancestor

聖霊祭り: alternative name for the Bon Festival

聖霊迎: a ceremony to welcome one's ancestors' spirits at the beginning of the Bon Festival

on the 13th day of the seventh lunar month

精霊飯, 聖霊飯

a ceremony performed as part of the Bon Festival, wherein children receive rice and sweets, make a temporary outdoor cooking stove, and cook and eat the rice and sweets

幽霊

a ghost, a phantom, a spectre, an apparition, the soul of someone who cannot move on

(Buddhism) the soul of someone who has died

(Buddhism) short for 精霊祭り (Shōryō matsuri), a festival honoring one's ancestors, held mainly on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month

精霊祭り

(Buddhism) short for 精霊蜻蛉 (Shōryō tonbo), general name given to various kinds of dragonfly that often appear around the time of the Shōryō Matsuri


入寂

ja-noun

入(にゅう)寂(じゃく) • (nyūjaku) ^(←にふじやく (nifuzyaku)?)

入寂 (canonical)
nyūjaku (romanization)
nifuzyaku (romanization)
にふじやく (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ɨːʑa̠kɯ̟]


入寂

ja-verb-suru

入(にゅう)寂(じゃく)する • (nyūjaku suru) ^(←にふじやく (nifuzyaku)?)intransitive suru (stem 入(にゅう)寂(じゃく)し (nyūjaku shi), past 入(にゅう)寂(じゃく)した (nyūjaku shita))

入寂する (canonical)
nyūjaku suru (romanization)
nifuzyaku (romanization)
入寂し (stem)
入寂した (past)
入寂し
にゅうじゃくし
nyūjaku shi
入寂する
にゅうじゃくする
nyūjaku suru
入寂すれ
にゅうじゃくすれ
nyūjaku sure
入寂せよ (imperative literary)
入寂しろ (colloquial imperative)
にゅうじゃくせよ (imperative literary)
にゅうじゃくしろ (colloquial imperative)
nyūjaku seyo (imperative literary)
nyūjaku shiro (colloquial imperative)
入寂される (passive)
にゅうじゃくされる (passive)
nyūjaku sareru (passive)
入寂させる (causative)
入寂さす (causative)
にゅうじゃくさせる (causative)
にゅうじゃくさす (causative)
nyūjaku saseru (causative)
nyūjaku sasu (causative)
入寂できる (potential)
にゅうじゃくできる (potential)
nyūjaku dekiru (potential)
入寂しよう (volitional)
にゅうじゃくしよう (volitional)
nyūjaku shiyō (volitional)
入寂しない (negative)
にゅうじゃくしない (negative)
nyūjaku shinai (negative)
入寂せず (continuative negative)
にゅうじゃくせず (continuative negative)
nyūjaku sezu (continuative negative)
入寂します (formal)
にゅうじゃくします (formal)
nyūjaku shimasu (formal)
入寂した (perfective)
にゅうじゃくした (perfective)
nyūjaku shita (perfective)
入寂して (conjunctive)
にゅうじゃくして (conjunctive)
nyūjaku shite (conjunctive)
入寂すれば (conditional hypothetical)
にゅうじゃくすれば (conditional hypothetical)
nyūjaku sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[ɲ̟ɨːʑa̠kɯ̟]


入道

ja-noun

入(にゅう)道(どう) • (nyūdō) ^(←にふだう (nifudau)?)

入道 (canonical)
nyūdō (romanization)
nifudau (romanization)
にふだう (hiragana historical)

/nipʉ dau/ → /niɸudɔː/ → /niudɔː/ → /ɲuːdoː/
From Middle Chinese 入道 (MC nyip dawX, literally “enter the dharma”).

法性寺入道前関白太政大臣

Hosshōji Nyūdō Saki no Kanpaku Daijō-daijin

(Buddhism) entering the Buddhist priesthood; also the person who became a Buddhist novice


入道

ja-verb-suru

入(にゅう)道(どう)する • (nyūdō suru) ^(←にふだう (nifudau)?)suru (stem 入(にゅう)道(どう)し (nyūdō shi), past 入(にゅう)道(どう)した (nyūdō shita))

入道する (canonical)
nyūdō suru (romanization)
nifudau (romanization)
入道し (stem)
入道した (past)
入道し
にゅうどうし
nyūdō shi
入道する
にゅうどうする
nyūdō suru
入道すれ
にゅうどうすれ
nyūdō sure
入道せよ (imperative literary)
入道しろ (colloquial imperative)
にゅうどうせよ (imperative literary)
にゅうどうしろ (colloquial imperative)
nyūdō seyo (imperative literary)
nyūdō shiro (colloquial imperative)
入道される (passive)
にゅうどうされる (passive)
nyūdō sareru (passive)
入道させる (causative)
入道さす (causative)
にゅうどうさせる (causative)
にゅうどうさす (causative)
nyūdō saseru (causative)
nyūdō sasu (causative)
入道できる (potential)
にゅうどうできる (potential)
nyūdō dekiru (potential)
入道しよう (volitional)
にゅうどうしよう (volitional)
nyūdō shiyō (volitional)
入道しない (negative)
にゅうどうしない (negative)
nyūdō shinai (negative)
入道せず (continuative negative)
にゅうどうせず (continuative negative)
nyūdō sezu (continuative negative)
入道します (formal)
にゅうどうします (formal)
nyūdō shimasu (formal)
入道した (perfective)
にゅうどうした (perfective)
nyūdō shita (perfective)
入道して (conjunctive)
にゅうどうして (conjunctive)
nyūdō shite (conjunctive)
入道すれば (conditional hypothetical)
にゅうどうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
nyūdō sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(Buddhism) to enter the Buddhist priesthood


一世

一世 (canonical)
issei (romanization)
いっせ (alternative hiragana)
isse (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)
ひとよ (alternative hiragana)
hitoyo (Rōmaji alternative hiragana)

(Buddhism) one of the 三世 (sanze, literally “three lifetimes”), namely 過去 (“the past”), 現在 (“the present”) and 未来 (“the future”)


猊下

(Buddhism, rare, attributive) down a lion throne, looking up

(Buddhism, Christianity) Your Holiness; His Holiness; Your Grace; His Grace; Your Eminence; His Eminence


入滅

ja-noun

入(にゅう)滅(めつ) • (nyūmetsu) ^(←にふめつ (nifumetu)?)

入滅 (canonical)
nyūmetsu (romanization)
nifumetu (romanization)
にふめつ (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ɨːme̞t͡sɨ]


入滅

ja-verb-suru

入(にゅう)滅(めつ)する • (nyūmetsu suru) ^(←にふめつ (nifumetu)?)suru (stem 入(にゅう)滅(めつ)し (nyūmetsu shi), past 入(にゅう)滅(めつ)した (nyūmetsu shita))

入滅する (canonical)
nyūmetsu suru (romanization)
nifumetu (romanization)
入滅し (stem)
入滅した (past)
入滅し
にゅうめつし
nyūmetsu shi
入滅する
にゅうめつする
nyūmetsu suru
入滅すれ
にゅうめつすれ
nyūmetsu sure
入滅せよ (imperative literary)
入滅しろ (colloquial imperative)
にゅうめつせよ (imperative literary)
にゅうめつしろ (colloquial imperative)
nyūmetsu seyo (imperative literary)
nyūmetsu shiro (colloquial imperative)
入滅される (passive)
にゅうめつされる (passive)
nyūmetsu sareru (passive)
入滅させる (causative)
入滅さす (causative)
にゅうめつさせる (causative)
にゅうめつさす (causative)
nyūmetsu saseru (causative)
nyūmetsu sasu (causative)
入滅できる (potential)
にゅうめつできる (potential)
nyūmetsu dekiru (potential)
入滅しよう (volitional)
にゅうめつしよう (volitional)
nyūmetsu shiyō (volitional)
入滅しない (negative)
にゅうめつしない (negative)
nyūmetsu shinai (negative)
入滅せず (continuative negative)
にゅうめつせず (continuative negative)
nyūmetsu sezu (continuative negative)
入滅します (formal)
にゅうめつします (formal)
nyūmetsu shimasu (formal)
入滅した (perfective)
にゅうめつした (perfective)
nyūmetsu shita (perfective)
入滅して (conjunctive)
にゅうめつして (conjunctive)
nyūmetsu shite (conjunctive)
入滅すれば (conditional hypothetical)
にゅうめつすれば (conditional hypothetical)
nyūmetsu sureba (conditional hypothetical)

[ɲ̟ɨːme̞t͡sɨ]


忍辱

From Middle Chinese 忍辱 (MC nyinX nyowk), in turn a translation of Sanskrit क्षान्ति (kṣānti, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”).
First cited to the early 800s.

der

[ɲ̟ĩɲ̟ːikɯ̟]

(Buddhism) kshanti: patience, forbearance and forgiveness: one of the paramitas in Theravāda and Mahāyāna Buddhism


来世

来世はこの世の時間の延長ではない。

1949, 永井隆, この子を残して

The next world is not an extension of our time in this one.

Raise wa kono yo no jikan no enchō de wa nai.

(Buddhism) the hereafter, the next world after death


座禅

座禅 (canonical)
zazen (romanization)
ざぜん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 坐禪 (MC dzwaX dzyen).
座 is a daiyōji replacing 坐.

(Buddhism) a form of sitting meditation in Zen Buddhism


如是

Daijisen
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sangyō Gisho
Shōbōgenzō
ja:三経義疏
ja:勝鬘経義疏
ja:松村明
ja:正法眼蔵

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 如是 (MC nyo dzyeX). Used to translate Sanskrit एवम् (evam, “such, thus”).
First cited to the Buddhist text 勝鬘経義疏 (Shōmangyō Gisho), part of the 三経義疏 (Sangyō Gisho) dated to 611. The text is written in 漢文 (kanbun), a kind of specialized Classical Chinese adapted slightly for Japanese readers. The first citation in a definitively Japanese-language text might not be until the 正法眼蔵 (Shōbōgenzō) compiled during the years 1231–53.

(Buddhism) short for 十如是 (jū-nyoze): the ten thusnesses of the Tendai sect

十如是

(Buddhism) expression of approval of something said by another person


三蔵

(Buddhism) a high-ranking priest or monk who has mastered all of the Tripiṭaka canons


半夏

See also: 夏安居 (keango)

(Buddhism) the 45th day of the 90 day summer retreat


上座

(Buddhism) chief priest, senior priest; one of the sankō, the three priests who administer certain Buddhist temples


馬頭

馬頭 (canonical)
Mezu (romanization)
Medu (romanization)
めづ (hiragana historical)

Calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa).

cal

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) Horse-Head, one of the two guardians of hell


夜叉

夜叉 (canonical)
yasha (romanization)
yasya (romanization)
やしや (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 夜叉 (yæᴴ cha?), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit यक्ष (yakṣa).

夜叉竹

Semiarundinaria yashadake, a type of bamboo

夜叉柄杓

夜叉柄杓 ヤシャビシャク

Ribes ambiguum, a type of flowering plant related to currant and gooseberry

夜叉が馬を見たよう: → an expression of extreme happiness

(Buddhism) in Buddhism, yakshas are held to be followers of 毘沙門天 (Bishamonten, “Vaiśravaṇa, the chief of the Four Heavenly Kings”), and guardians of the north


魔羅

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Ryōiki
Shinmura Izuru
Tōkai–Tōsan dialect

From Middle Chinese 魔羅 (ma la), in turn a transcription of Sanskrit मार (Māra, “the Destroyer, the Evil One”). The kanji are phonetic ateji (当て字) applied when transcribing the Sanskrit into Middle Chinese.
The shift from "Buddhist evil demon" to "penis" was originally slang use among monks, in reference to sexual desires distracting one from the path to enlightenment.
Some sources link this term to 放る (maru, “to excrete”). However, the verb maru refers to "excreting" bodily wastes in general, not just urination but also defecation, and some sources also list flatulation as an included sense. In addition, other nouns attested from Old Japanese that derive from verbs and end in -a appear to be the result of the action of the verb, which does not fit this case. Ultimately, the proposed connection between Sanskrit-derived mara ("penis") and Japonic-derived maru ("to excrete") appears to be a folk etymology, likely arising from the superficial similarity in forms.
First attested in the Nihon Ryōiki, in a section dated to the early 800s.

der

(Buddhism) Mara: a Buddhist demon that personifies the "death" of spiritual life


僧都

僧都 (canonical)
sōzu (romanization)
soudu (romanization)
そうづ (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) the second highest rank of Buddhist prelate after the 僧正 (sōjō)


破魔

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
Appears to be from Middle Chinese compound 破魔 (MC phaH ma, literally “break + demon”).
Alternately, could be a Japanese coinage using Middle Chinese elements, as a compound of Middle Chinese-derived 破 (ha, “break, destroy”) + 魔 (ma, “demon, devil”).

compound

(Buddhism) defeating a devil or demon, particularly the demons of worldly desires or passions

破魔術: exorcism

Buddhism; the technique of exorcising, rather than the act of doing so


破魔

ja-verb-suru

破(は)魔(ま)する • (hama suru) suru (stem 破(は)魔(ま)し (hama shi), past 破(は)魔(ま)した (hama shita))

破魔する (canonical)
hama suru (romanization)
破魔し (stem)
破魔した (past)
破魔し
はまし
hama shi
破魔する
はまする
hama suru
破魔すれ
はますれ
hama sure
破魔せよ (imperative literary)
破魔しろ (colloquial imperative)
はませよ (imperative literary)
はましろ (colloquial imperative)
hama seyo (imperative literary)
hama shiro (colloquial imperative)
破魔される (passive)
はまされる (passive)
hama sareru (passive)
破魔させる (causative)
破魔さす (causative)
はまさせる (causative)
はまさす (causative)
hama saseru (causative)
hama sasu (causative)
破魔できる (potential)
はまできる (potential)
hama dekiru (potential)
破魔しよう (volitional)
はましよう (volitional)
hama shiyō (volitional)
破魔しない (negative)
はましない (negative)
hama shinai (negative)
破魔せず (continuative negative)
はませず (continuative negative)
hama sezu (continuative negative)
破魔します (formal)
はまします (formal)
hama shimasu (formal)
破魔した (perfective)
はました (perfective)
hama shita (perfective)
破魔して (conjunctive)
はまして (conjunctive)
hama shite (conjunctive)
破魔すれば (conditional hypothetical)
はますれば (conditional hypothetical)
hama sureba (conditional hypothetical)

(Buddhism) to defeat a devil or demon, particularly the demons of worldly desires or passions


三昧

From Middle Chinese 三昧, from Sanskrit समाधि (samādhi).


獅子座

獅子 (“lion”) + 座 (“seat; constellation”). In the "lion seat" sense, from the apparent resemblance to a lion's fiery mane of the backrest.

(Buddhism) a Lion Throne (throne of a buddha, a bodhisattva or a high priest)


四天王

ja-noun

四(し)天(てん)王(のう) • (shitennō) ^(←してんわう (siten'wau)?)

四天王 (canonical)
shitennō (romanization)
siten'wau (romanization)
してんわう (hiragana historical)

[ɕitẽ̞nːo̞ː]

Ultimately a calque of Sanskrit चतुर्महाराज (caturmahārāja, literally “four great kings”).
Equivalent to 四 (shi, “four”) + 天王 (tennō, “heavenly king”).

com

(Buddhism) the four gods believed to be watching over the four cardinal directions:


極楽

[ɡo̞kɯ̟ɾa̠kɯ̟]

From Middle Chinese 極樂 (MC gik lak), itself a translation of Sanskrit सुखावती (sukhāvatī), the feminine form of सुखवत् (sukhavat, literally “full of joy”).

(Buddhism) Short for 極楽浄土 (Gokuraku Jōdo): pure land (western paradise of Amitabha Buddha)


禅那

From Chinese 禪那 /禅那 (chánnuó), which is a borrowing from Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna, “a type of meditation”).

der

(Buddhism) A type of profound meditation practiced by followers of Zen Buddhism.


世尊

From Middle Chinese 世尊 (MC syejH tswon), itself a translation of Sanskrit भगवत् (bhagavat, “deity”), or Pali bhagavā.

...爾時。持地菩薩。即従座起。前白仏言。世尊。若有衆生。聞是観世音菩薩品。自在之業。普門示現。神通力者当知是人。功徳不少...

Then the Bodhisattva Earth Holder rose from his seat, went before the Buddha, and said to him: "World-Honored One, if any living being hears this Bodhisattva Regarder of the Cries of the World chapter, hears of the freedom of his actions and the divine power of the revelation of the universal gateway, it should be known that this person's blessings are not few."

...ni ji, Jiji Bosatsu, soku ju za ki, zen byaku Butsu gon. Seson, nyaku u shujō, mon ze Kanzeon Bosatsu hon, jizai shi gō, fumon jigen, jinzū rikisha tō chi ze nin, kudoku fu-shō...

(Buddhism) the World-Honored One, an honorific name for the Gautama Buddha


けっかい

(Buddhism) restricted access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training


金剛

金剛 (canonical)
kongō (romanization)
kongau (romanization)
こんがう (hiragana historical)

/komʉ kau/ → /koŋɡau/ → /koŋɡɔː/ → /koŋɡoː/
From Middle Chinese 金剛 (MC kim kang), itself a translation of Sanskrit वज्र (vajra, “diamond, adamant; thunderbolt”).
Compare modern Cantonese 金剛 /金刚 (gam¹ gong¹).

縛日羅

basara, transliteration of Sanskrit vajra

(Buddhism) Short for 金剛界 (kongōkai): the Diamond Realm in Vajrayana Buddhism

金剛界

(Buddhism) Short for 金剛杵 (kongōsho): a vajra (Buddhist double-headed ceremonial mace)

金剛杵

(Buddhism) Short for 金剛力士 (kongō rikishi): a pair of vajra-wielding deities guarding most Buddhist temples

金剛力士

(Buddhism) Short for 金剛童子 (kongō dōshi):


自覚

समाधि समाधि#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) "higher mind": one of the three divisions of the Noble Eightfold Path, equivalent to समाधि (samādhi)


修行

ja-noun

修(しゅ)行(ぎょう) or 修行(すぎょう) • (shugyō or sugyō)

修行 (canonical)
修行 (canonical)
shugyō (romanization)
sugyō (romanization)


修行

ja-verb-suru

修(しゅ)行(ぎょう)する or 修行(すぎょう)する • (shugyō suru or sugyō suru) suru (stem 修(しゅ)行(ぎょう)し (shugyō shi), past 修(しゅ)行(ぎょう)した (shugyō shita))

修行する (canonical)
修行する (canonical)
shugyō suru (romanization)
sugyō suru (romanization)
修行し (stem)
修行した (past)
修行し
しゅぎょうし
shugyō shi
修行する
しゅぎょうする
shugyō suru
修行すれ
しゅぎょうすれ
shugyō sure
修行せよ (imperative literary)
修行しろ (colloquial imperative)
しゅぎょうせよ (imperative literary)
しゅぎょうしろ (colloquial imperative)
shugyō seyo (imperative literary)
shugyō shiro (colloquial imperative)
修行される (passive)
しゅぎょうされる (passive)
shugyō sareru (passive)
修行させる (causative)
修行さす (causative)
しゅぎょうさせる (causative)
しゅぎょうさす (causative)
shugyō saseru (causative)
shugyō sasu (causative)
修行できる (potential)
しゅぎょうできる (potential)
shugyō dekiru (potential)
修行しよう (volitional)
しゅぎょうしよう (volitional)
shugyō shiyō (volitional)
修行しない (negative)
しゅぎょうしない (negative)
shugyō shinai (negative)
修行せず (continuative negative)
しゅぎょうせず (continuative negative)
shugyō sezu (continuative negative)
修行します (formal)
しゅぎょうします (formal)
shugyō shimasu (formal)
修行した (perfective)
しゅぎょうした (perfective)
shugyō shita (perfective)
修行して (conjunctive)
しゅぎょうして (conjunctive)
shugyō shite (conjunctive)
修行すれば (conditional hypothetical)
しゅぎょうすれば (conditional hypothetical)
shugyō sureba (conditional hypothetical)


会者定離

会者定離 (canonical)
eshajōri (romanization)

From 遺教經 (The Sutra on the Buddha's Bequeathed Teachings, a Chinese translation; the original version in Sanskrit has been lost.):
Literal translation (kanbun kundoku) in Japanese:
世(よ)皆(みな)常(つね)無(な)し、会(あ)えば必(かなら)ず離(はな)る有(あ)り。
Yo mina tsune nashi, aeba kanarazu hanaru ari.
Everything about the world is impermanent. A meeting is always accompanied with a parting.

ja-usex

世 皆 常 無し、会えば 必ず 離る 有り。

よ みな つね なし、あえば かならず はなる あり。

世皆無常，會必有離。

世皆无常，会必有离。

(Buddhism) those who meet must part (Every human relationship will end someday due to the transient nature of life.)


天王

ja-noun

天(てん)王(のう) • (tennō) ^(←てんわう (ten'wau)?)

天王 (canonical)
tennō (romanization)
ten'wau (romanization)
てんわう (hiragana historical)

The ō reading for 王 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).


結界

Originally a Buddhist term borrowed from Middle Chinese 結界 (MC ket keajH), itself a translation of Sanskrit सीमाबन्ध (sīmābandha, literally “boundary, edge + bounded”).

女人結界

女人結界 にょにんけっかい

結界限界

結界限界 けっかいげんかい

結界忍術

結界忍術 けっかいにんじゅつ

restricted access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training

in esoteric Buddhism, restricted access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification

a wooden fence or partition separating the inner and outer sanctuaries of a temple, or separating monastic and public seating in the outer sanctuary

an area into which anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training is restricted from entering, such as a 女人結界 (nyonin kekkai, “no-women zone”)


結界

ja-verb-suru

結(けっ)界(かい)する • (kekkai suru) suru (stem 結(けっ)界(かい)し (kekkai shi), past 結(けっ)界(かい)した (kekkai shita))

結界する (canonical)
kekkai suru (romanization)
結界し (stem)
結界した (past)
結界し
けっかいし
kekkai shi
結界する
けっかいする
kekkai suru
結界すれ
けっかいすれ
kekkai sure
結界せよ (imperative literary)
結界しろ (colloquial imperative)
けっかいせよ (imperative literary)
けっかいしろ (colloquial imperative)
kekkai seyo (imperative literary)
kekkai shiro (colloquial imperative)
結界される (passive)
けっかいされる (passive)
kekkai sareru (passive)
結界させる (causative)
結界さす (causative)
けっかいさせる (causative)
けっかいさす (causative)
kekkai saseru (causative)
kekkai sasu (causative)
結界できる (potential)
けっかいできる (potential)
kekkai dekiru (potential)
結界しよう (volitional)
けっかいしよう (volitional)
kekkai shiyō (volitional)
結界しない (negative)
けっかいしない (negative)
kekkai shinai (negative)
結界せず (continuative negative)
けっかいせず (continuative negative)
kekkai sezu (continuative negative)
結界します (formal)
けっかいします (formal)
kekkai shimasu (formal)
結界した (perfective)
けっかいした (perfective)
kekkai shita (perfective)
結界して (conjunctive)
けっかいして (conjunctive)
kekkai shite (conjunctive)
結界すれば (conditional hypothetical)
けっかいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
kekkai sureba (conditional hypothetical)

to restrict access to a specific area for purposes of Buddhist training

in esoteric Buddhism, to restrict access to a specific area of a dōjō for purposes of purification

to restrict anything potentially disruptive to Buddhist training from entering into an area


天道

天道 (canonical)
tendō (romanization)
tendau (romanization)
てんだう (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 天道 (MC then dawX). The 呉音 (goon), so the earlier borrowing.
First cited to a text from 751 CE.

(Buddhism) the heavenly realm, the gods realm (see also Saṃsāra (Buddhism)#Realms of rebirth)


勢至菩薩

勢至菩薩 (canonical)
Seishi Bosatsu (romanization)

(Buddhism) Mahasthamaprapta, the bodhisattva of wisdom and strength


奈落

Daijirin
Daijisen
Naraka (Buddhism)
ja:奈落
ja:松村明

From Sanskrit नरक (naraka). The spelling may be an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 奈落 (MC naH lak) above.
First cited to a text from 985 CE.


呪法

呪法 (canonical)
juhō (romanization)
zyufofu (romanization)
じゅほふ (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) ritual where incantations are chanted


鬼法

(Buddhism) the practices of demons or evil spirits


億劫

ja-noun

億劫(おっくう) or 億(おっ)劫(こう) or 億劫(おくこう) • (okkū or okkō or okukō)

億劫 (canonical)
億劫 (canonical)
億劫 (canonical)
okkū (romanization)
okkō (romanization)
okukō (romanization)

Originally from Buddhism, literally "a trillion kalpa" or a very long time. The おっくう reading shifts from おっこう


聖法

聖(しょう)法(ほう) • (shōhō)


正行

正(しょう)行(ぎょう) • (shōgyō)

(Buddhism) correct practices for living life


正法

正(しょう)法(ほう) • (shōhō) ^(←しやうはう (syaufau)?)

正法 (canonical)
shōhō (romanization)
syaufau (romanization)
しやうはう (hiragana historical)


五大

(Buddhism) the five elements: earth, water, fire, air, space.


立花

立花 (canonical)
rikka (romanization)
ritukwa (romanization)
りつくわ (hiragana historical)

/rikkwa/ → /rikka/
Possibly from Middle Chinese compound 立花 (MC lip xwae, “lit. stand + flower”) or 立華 (MC lip xwae, “lit. stand + flower”).
Alternatively, coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived components.

(Buddhism) a style of floral arrangement as an offering, typically using branches of pine or plum placed upright in a copper vase


善男

[d͡zẽ̞nːã̠ɴ]


無明

(religion, Buddhism): avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence


破魔師

Compound of 破魔 (hama, “exorcism”) + 師 (shi, “master, practitioner”).


破魔術

破魔術 (canonical)
hamajutsu (romanization)

Compound of 破魔 (hama, “exorcism”) + 術 (jutsu, “technique”).

(Buddhism) exorcism (the technique of exorcising, rather than the act of doing so)


悟り

悟り (canonical)
satori (romanization)
さとり (hiragana historical)

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 悟(さと)る (satoru).


十万億土

十万億土 (canonical)
jūman'okudo (romanization)


修羅場

ja-noun

修(しゅ)羅(ら)場(じょう) • (shurajō) ^(←しゆらぢやう (syuradyau)?)

修羅場 (canonical)
shurajō (romanization)
syuradyau (romanization)
しゆらぢやう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 修羅(しゅら) (shura, alternative name of 阿(あ)修(しゅ)羅(ら) (ashura), "Asura") + 場(じょう) (jō, “place”).

ja-compound

(Buddhism) location of the fight between the (king of) Asuras and 帝釈天 (Teishakuten, “Śakra”)


浄土

浄土 (canonical)
jōdo (romanization)
zyaudo (romanization)
じやうど (hiragana historical)

English: Jodo, jodo

(Buddhism) the pure land, the celestial realm of a buddha or bodhisattva

穢土

the impure world, this world, the mortal realm


六道

六道 (canonical)
rikudō (romanization)
六道 (canonical)
rokudō (romanization)

じごくどう じごくどう#Japanese

(Buddhism) The six planes, realms, or domains of existence into which souls are reborn in the cycle of samsara:

餓鬼道 (がきどう, gakidō): life in starvation (one of the Buddhist hells)

ちくしょうどう ちくしょうどう#Japanese

畜生道 (ちくしょうどう, chikushōdō): life as a beast

にんげんどう にんげんどう#Japanese

人間道 (にんげんどう, ningendō) / 人道 (にんどう, nindō): life as a human

あしゅらどう あしゅらどう#Japanese

阿修羅道 (あしゅらどう, ashuradō): life as a demigod

てんじょう てんじょう#Japanese


摩耶

From Middle Chinese 摩耶 (MC ma yae), from Sanskrit माया (māyā́).

摩耶夫人

(Buddhism) Maya (mother of Gautama Buddha)


無形

無形 (canonical)
mugyō (romanization)
mugyau (romanization)
むぎやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese compound 無形 /无形 (mju heng, literally “without shape”). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing.

(Buddhism): formlessness, bodylessness; something that is shapeless and invisible


無見

(Buddhism): The conviction or strong belief that everything in this world is completely null and void, with no substance.


魔道

(Buddhism): One of the heavens, home of the devas; alternately, the underworld, the land of yomi


阿頼耶識

阿頼耶識 (canonical)
arayashiki (romanization)

Ultimately from Sanskrit आलयविज्ञान (ālaya-vijñāna, literally “dwelling-consciousness”), via Middle Chinese 阿賴耶識 (MC 'a lajH yae syik).

der

(Buddhism) storehouse consciousness, forming the base of all human existence


天冠

ja-noun

天(てん)冠(かん) • (tenkan) ^(←てんくわん (tenkwan)?)

天冠 (canonical)
tenkan (romanization)
tenkwan (romanization)
てんくわん (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) a kind of crown worn by Buddhas and Buddhist deities


涅槃

From Middle Chinese 涅槃 (MC net ban), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”) or Pali nibbāna.

der

無罣礙故。無有恐怖。遠離一切顛倒夢想。究竟涅槃。

7th century, Prajñāpāramitā Heart Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

Because there are no obstacles, there is no fear. Separating from everything, from all upside-down views and from attaining Nirvana, too.

Mu kege ko, mu ku u fu. Onri issai tendō musō, kukyō nehan...

(Buddhism) nirvana (enlightened experience)

(Buddhism) Short for 仏涅槃 (butsunehan): the death of the Sakyamuni Buddha

仏涅槃

(Buddhism) Short for 涅槃会 (Nehan-e): an annual Buddhist service held on Parinirvana Day


童子

(Buddhism, mythology) a boy retainer who follows his buddha, bodhisattva or wisdom king around

(Buddhism) a boy between 8 and 20 years of age who studies scriptures and runs errands in a temple without actually being a practicing monk


悪霊

ja-noun

悪(あく)霊(りょう) • (akuryō) ^(←あくりやう (akuryau)?)

悪霊 (canonical)
akuryō (romanization)
akuryau (romanization)
あくりやう (hiragana historical)

[a̠kɯ̟ɾʲo̞ː]

悪霊退散！

(especially Buddhism, more common) evil spirit


喇嘛

喇嘛 (canonical)
喇嘛 (canonical)
rama (romanization)


醍醐

From Middle Chinese 醍醐 (MC dej hu), itself a translation of Sanskrit मण्ड (maṇḍa, literally “cream of milk”).

der

(Buddhism) the fifth and last flavor according to the Nirvana Sutra, possibly of ghee or some other kind of butter; believed to be the ultimate truth or the greatest nirvana


道行

ja-noun

道(どう)行(ぎょう) • (dōgyō) ^(←だうぎやう (daugyau)?)

道行 (canonical)
dōgyō (romanization)
daugyau (romanization)
だうぎやう (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) practice of Buddhism, especially by monks


刹那

/setina/ → /setuna/
Shift in pronunciation from sechina above, using the kan'yōon of setsu for the first kanji.
This reading is now the most common.

刹那主義

the principle or philosophy of living in the moment

(Buddhism) the smallest unit of time, of varying lengths depending on tradition:

roughly 0.11 seconds, defined as 1/65ᵗʰ of a 弾指 (danshi), where a danshi is 1/12,000ᵗʰ of a day or 7.2 seconds

0.002 seconds, defined as 1/60ᵗʰ of a 念 (nen), where a nen is 1/60ᵗʰ of a 弾指 (danshi)

1/75ᵗʰ of a second, defined as 1/6,480,000ᵗʰ of a day


業火

業火 (canonical)
gōka (romanization)
gafukwa (romanization)
がふくわ (hiragana historical)

/ɡapukwa/ → /ɡafukwa/ → /ɡawukwa/ → /ɡaukwa/ → /ɡɔːkwa/ → /ɡoːkwa/ → /ɡoːka/
From Middle Chinese compound 業火 (MC ngjaep xwaX, literally “karmic fire”). Compare modern Mandarin 業火 /业火 (yèhuǒ).
Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.


誓い

誓い (canonical)
chikai (romanization)
tikafi (romanization)
ちかひ (hiragana historical)

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 誓(ちか)う (chikau, “to swear, vow”).

ja-etym-renyokei

(Shinto, Buddhism) vow that the Buddha pledged to save sentient beings


穢土

(Buddhism) The Impure Land; the earthly realm, the land of the living.


声明

ja-noun

声(しょう)明(みょう) • (shōmyō)


煩悩

/bonːau/ → /bonːɔː/ → /bonːoː/
From Middle Chinese 煩惱 (MC bjon nawX), itself a translation of Sanskrit क्लेश (kleśa, literally “anguish, pain”).


錫杖

ja-noun

錫(しゃく)杖(じょう) • (shakujō) ^(←しやくぢやう (syakudyau)?) (counter 本)

錫杖 (canonical)
shakujō (romanization)
syakudyau (romanization)
本 (counter)
しやくぢやう (hiragana historical)

[ɕa̠kɯ̟ʑo̞ː]

Compound of 錫 (shaku, “tin, stannum”) + 杖 (jō, “staff”).

compound

(Buddhism, weaponry) A khakkhara; Buddhist monk's "sounding staff".

錫杖草

錫杖草 シャクジョウソウ


仏書

(Buddhism) a Buddhist text, scripture, or sutra


御籠もり

御籠もり (canonical)
o-komori (romanization)

From 御 (o-, honorific prefix) + 籠もり (komori, “shutting oneself, secluding oneself”).

prefix

(Shinto, Buddhism, polite) a retirement for prayer to a kami or buddha


御籠もり

ja-verb-suru

御(お)籠(こ)もりする • (o-komori suru) suru (stem 御(お)籠(こ)もりし (o-komori shi), past 御(お)籠(こ)もりした (o-komori shita))

御籠もりする (canonical)
o-komori suru (romanization)
御籠もりし (stem)
御籠もりした (past)

(Shinto, Buddhism, polite) to retire and pray


旦那

Daijirin
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Husband
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Patronage
ja:旦那

From Middle Chinese 旦那 (MC tanH na), 檀那 (MC dan na), both used as transliterations of Sanskrit दान (dā́na, “generosity, giving, donating”). Ultimately cognate with English donate and donor, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom.
Attested in Japanese sinophone sources since at least the 1000s and in vernacular Japanese sources since at least 1287.

旦那芸

an art or cultural pursuit studied by someone who is well-to-do as a means of passing the time

旦那寺

a Buddhist temple supported by a household that has convert to Buddhism

to find a patron → generally refers to a geisha

other female finding a male to look after their needs

danna no ikkibataraki wa oni mo kanawanu

not even the devil can match the master for getting down to hard work

旦那の一気働きは鬼も叶わぬ: → someone who rarely has to get involved in actual work will work very hard when they have to roll up their sleeves and do it themselves

fights between masters start from the guardsmen

旦那の喧嘩は槍持ちから: → disputes between the powerful often arise from minor disputes among their employees

followers: petty foibles can lead to big battles

旦那の好きな赤烏帽子: → 烏帽子 are traditionally black

so a red eboshi indicates someone willing to go against tradition: no matter how strange

(better) in front of a pot than in front of a master

旦那の前より釜の前: → it is better to be one's own master

five hundred for me" → people generally think of their own benefit more than the benefit of their masters

पारमिता पारमिता#Sanskrit

(Buddhism) generosity as one of the Buddhist perfections (पारमिता (pāramitā))

(Buddhism) a donation of money, goods, or service to monks or a temple

(Buddhism) a person who makes such a donation: a patron


法施

法施 (canonical)
法施 (canonical)
hōse (romanization)
hosse (romanization)

(Buddhism) a type of 旦那 (danna, “dāna, Buddhist donations and charity work”): preaching about Buddhism


曼荼羅

Ultimately from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, literally “circle”). The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 曼荼羅 /曼荼罗 (màntúluó).


懺悔

懺悔 (canonical)
懺悔 (canonical)
sange (romanization)
senge (romanization)


懺悔

ja-verb-suru

懺(さん)悔(げ)する or 懺悔(せんげ)する • (sange suru or senge suru) suru (stem 懺(さん)悔(げ)し (sange shi), past 懺(さん)悔(げ)した (sange shita))

懺(ざん)悔(げ)する • (zange suru) suru (stem 懺(ざん)悔(げ)し (zange shi), past 懺(ざん)悔(げ)した (zange shita))

懺悔する (canonical)
懺悔する (canonical)
sange suru (romanization)
senge suru (romanization)
懺悔し (stem)
懺悔した (past)
懺悔する (canonical)
zange suru (romanization)
懺悔し (stem)
懺悔した (past)
懺悔し
さんげし
sange shi
懺悔する
さんげする
sange suru
懺悔すれ
さんげすれ
sange sure
懺悔せよ (imperative literary)
懺悔しろ (colloquial imperative)
さんげせよ (imperative literary)
さんげしろ (colloquial imperative)
sange seyo (imperative literary)
sange shiro (colloquial imperative)
懺悔される (passive)
さんげされる (passive)
sange sareru (passive)
懺悔させる (causative)
懺悔さす (causative)
さんげさせる (causative)
さんげさす (causative)
sange saseru (causative)
sange sasu (causative)
懺悔できる (potential)
さんげできる (potential)
sange dekiru (potential)
懺悔しよう (volitional)
さんげしよう (volitional)
sange shiyō (volitional)
懺悔しない (negative)
さんげしない (negative)
sange shinai (negative)
懺悔せず (continuative negative)
さんげせず (continuative negative)
sange sezu (continuative negative)
懺悔します (formal)
さんげします (formal)
sange shimasu (formal)
懺悔した (perfective)
さんげした (perfective)
sange shita (perfective)
懺悔して (conjunctive)
さんげして (conjunctive)
sange shite (conjunctive)
懺悔すれば (conditional hypothetical)
さんげすれば (conditional hypothetical)
sange sureba (conditional hypothetical)


黒暗

From Middle Chinese 黑暗 (MC xok 'omH, “black darkness”). Compare modern Mandarin 黑暗 (hēi'àn).

(Buddhism) a complete lack of virtue or wisdom


閻魔

閻魔 (canonical)
閻魔 (canonical)
Enma (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 閻魔 (MC yem ma), from Sanskrit यम (yamá). Doublet of 夜摩 (Yama).

(Buddhism): Enma, the Japanese name for Yama, the Buddhist and Chinese god who presides over naraku (hell).

閻魔大王

閻魔大王 えんまだいおう


劫火

劫火 (canonical)
gōka (romanization)
gofukwa (romanization)
こうか (alternative hiragana)
kōka (Rōmaji)
こふくわ (hiragana historical)
ごふくわ (hiragana historical)


業果

業果 (canonical)
gōka (romanization)
gafukwa (romanization)
がふくわ (hiragana historical)

/ɡapukwa/ → /ɡafukwa/ → /ɡawukwa/ → /ɡaukwa/ → /ɡɔːkwa/ → /ɡoːkwa/ → /ɡoːka/
From Middle Chinese compound 業果 (MC ngjaep kwaX, literally “karmic fruit, karmic result”). Compare modern Mandarin 業果 /业果 (yèguǒ).
Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.

ltc-l

(Buddhism) karma, specifically the effects of karma


薬師如来

ja-pos

薬(やく)師(し)如(にょ)来(らい) or 薬師如来(ヤクシニョライ) • (Yakushi Nyorai)

薬師如来 (canonical)
薬師如来 (canonical)
Yakushi Nyorai (romanization)

(mythology, Buddhism) Yakushi Nyorai, the Japanese name for Bhaiṣajyaguru, the Buddha of medicine


無垢

ja-adj

無(む)垢(く) • (muku) -na (adnominal 無(む)垢(く)な (muku na), adverbial 無(む)垢(く)に (muku ni))

無垢 (canonical)
muku (romanization)
無垢な (adnominal)
無垢に (adverbial)
無垢だろ (imperfective stem)
むくだろ (imperfective stem)
muku daro (imperfective)
無垢で (continuative stem)
むくで (continuative stem)
muku de (continuative)
無垢だ (stem terminative)
むくだ (stem terminative)
muku da (terminative)
無垢な (attributive stem)
むくな (attributive stem)
muku na (attributive)
無垢なら (hypothetical stem)
むくなら (hypothetical stem)
muku nara (hypothetical)
無垢であれ (imperative stem)
むくであれ (imperative stem)
muku de are (imperative)
無垢ではない (informal negative)
無垢じゃない (informal negative)
むくではない (informal negative)
むくじゃない (informal negative)
muku de wa nai (informal negative)
muku ja nai (informal negative)
無垢だった (informal past)
むくだった (informal past)
muku datta (informal past)
無垢ではなかった (informal negative past)
無垢じゃなかった (informal negative past)
むくではなかった (informal negative past)
むくじゃなかった (informal negative past)
muku de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
muku ja nakatta (informal negative past)
無垢です (formal)
むくです (formal)
muku desu (formal)
無垢ではありません (formal negative)
無垢じゃありません (formal negative)
むくではありません (formal negative)
むくじゃありません (formal negative)
muku de wa arimasen (formal negative)
muku ja arimasen (formal negative)
無垢でした (formal past)
むくでした (formal past)
muku deshita (formal past)
無垢ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
無垢じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
むくではありませんでした (formal negative past)
むくじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
muku de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
muku ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
無垢で (conjunctive)
むくで (conjunctive)
muku de (conjunctive)
無垢なら（ば） (conditional)
むくなら（ば） (conditional)
muku nara (ba) (conditional)
無垢だったら (conditional past)
むくだったら (conditional past)
muku dattara (conditional past)
無垢だろう (volitional)
むくだろう (volitional)
muku darō (volitional)
無垢に (adverbial)
むくに (adverbial)
muku ni (adverbial)
無垢さ (noun-from-adj)
むくさ (noun-from-adj)
mukusa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

無垢

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

First cited in the early 800s.
Probably from Middle Chinese 無垢 (MC mju kuwX, literally “without + dirt, stain”). Alternatively, may have been coined in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 無 (mu, “without”) + 垢 (ku, “dirt, stain”).

compound

(Buddhism) spiritually pure, free from desire or aversion


無垢

(Buddhism) spiritual purity, freedom from desire or aversion


大日如来

ja-pos

大(だい)日(にち)如(にょ)来(らい) • (Dainichi Nyorai)

大日如来 (canonical)
Dainichi Nyorai (romanization)

English: Dainichi Nyorai

大日 (Dainichi, literally “great sun”) is a calque of Sanskrit महावैरोचन (Mahāvairocana), while 如来 (nyorai, literally “thus going”) is a calque of Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata, literally “thus coming and going”).

calque

(Shingon Buddhism) Vairocana (or Mahāvairocana) as the sun Buddha, the embodiment of the Buddhist concept of emptiness (sunyata), and one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas

Daijirin Daijisen Vairocana ja:大日如来 ja:松村明 tathāgata


観音菩薩

観音菩薩 (canonical)
Kannon Bosatsu (romanization)

観音 + 菩薩: The bodhisattva of Avalokiteśvara".

(Buddhism): Kannon Bosatsu; the Japanese name for Guanyin, the bodhisattva of mercy and compassion.


如来

From the Middle Chinese compound 如來 (MC nyo loj), an abbreviation of either 如去如來 (MC nyo khjoX nyo loj) or 如來如去 (MC nyo loj nyo khjoX, “coming from suchness, going back into suchness”), translations of Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata, “coming from suchness, going back into suchness; thus coming, thus going”, exact meaning uncertain, see Tathāgata on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).
First cited to a section of the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) dated to 766 CE.

calque

exact meaning uncertain, see <b class="Latn" lang="en">Tathāgata</b> on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


阿閦如来

阿閦如来 (canonical)
Ashuku Nyorai (romanization)

English: Ashuku Nyorai

From 阿閦 (Ashuku, “Akṣobhya”) + 如来 (nyorai, “tathāgata”, literally “thus going”).

com

(Shingon Buddhism) Akṣobhya as the Eastern Buddha and one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas


阿弥陀如来

English: Amida Nyorai

From 阿弥陀 (Amida, “Amitābha”) + 如来 (nyorai, “tathāgata”, literally “thus going”).

(Shingon Buddhism) Amitābha as the Western Buddha and one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas


宝生如来

宝生如来 (canonical)
Hōshō Nyorai (romanization)

English: Hōshō Nyorai

From 宝生 (Hōshō, “Ratnasaṃbhava”, literally “born from a jewel”) + 如来 (nyorai, “tathāgata”, literally “thus going”).

(Shingon Buddhism) Ratnasaṃbhava as the Southern Buddha and one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas


不空成就如来

ja-pos

ふくうじょうじゅ にょらい

不(ふ)空(くう)成(じょう)就(じゅ)如(にょ)来(らい) • (Fukūjōju Nyorai)

不空成就如来 (canonical)
Fukūjōju Nyorai (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ːʑo̞ːʑɨ ɲ̟o̞ɾa̠i]

From Middle Chinese 不空成就如來 (pjuw khuwng dzyeng dzjuwH njo loj). Compare modern Mandarin 不空成就佛 (bùkōng chéngjiù fō), exchanging 如來 /如来 (rúlái) for roughly synonymous 佛 (fō).
The Middle Chinese term itself is a compound of 不空成就 + 如來 (nyo loj):
* 不空成就 is a translation of Sanskrit अमोघसिद्धि (amoghasiddhi), the name of this entity, and a compound of अमोघ (amogha, “not in vain”) + सिद्धि (siddhi, “perfection; accomplishment, attainment; success”).
* 如來 (nyo loj) is an abbreviation of either 如去如來 or 如來如去 (“coming from suchness, going back into suchness”), translations of Sanskrit तथागत (tathāgata, “coming from suchness, going back into suchness; thus coming, thus going”, exact meaning uncertain, see Tathāgata on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).

der

ふくうじょうじゅにょらい

(religion, Buddhism) Fukūjōju Nyorai: the Buddha of the North, called Amoghasiddhi; the embodiment of the accomplishment of the Buddhist path and the overcoming of envy, one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas, and an important entity in Shingon Buddhism


大衆

ja-noun

大(だい)衆(しゅ) or 大(だい)衆(す) • (daishu or daisu)

大衆 (canonical)
大衆 (canonical)
daishu (romanization)
daisu (romanization)


五智如来

五智如来 (canonical)
Go Chi Nyorai (romanization)

五 + 智 + 如来: lit. "Five Dhyani (Wisdom) Buddhas".

あみだにょらい あみだにょらい

(religion, Buddhism) In Vajrayana Buddhism, the Five Dhyani Buddhas, also known as the Five Wisdom Tathāgatas, the Five Great Buddhas and the Five Jinas (Sanskrit for "conqueror" or "victor"), are representations of the five qualities of the Buddha, and an important entity in Shingon Buddhism. These five are:

あしゅくにょらい あしゅくにょらい

だいにちにょらい だいにちにょらい

大日如来 (だいにちにょらい, Dainichi Nyorai): center

不空成就如来 不空成就如来

ふくじょうじゅにょらい ふくじょうじゅにょらい

不空成就如来 (ふくじょうじゅにょらい, Fukūjōju Nyorai): north


五戒

五戒 (canonical)
gokai (romanization)
ごかい (hiragana historical)


五輪

(Buddhism) concept based on the philosophy of 五大 (godai, “five elements”):

the five elements as a whole: 地輪 (jirin), 水輪 (suirin), 火輪 (karin), 風輪 (fūrin), and 空輪 (kūrin)

Short for 五輪成身 (gorin jōshin): the placement of the five elements to certain parts of the body, resulting in attaining 仏身 (busshin, “buddha body”)

五輪成身

Synonym of 五体 (gotai): the head, both arms and both knees of the human body

五体

五輪卒塔婆 五輪卒塔婆#Japanese

Short for 五輪塔 (gorintō) or 五輪卒塔婆 (gorin sotoba): a five-ringed pagoda


寂静

ja-adj

寂(じゃく)静(じょう) • (jakujō) ^(←じやくじやう (zyakuzyau)?)-na (adnominal 寂(じゃく)静(じょう)な (jakujō na), adverbial 寂(じゃく)静(じょう)に (jakujō ni))

寂静 (canonical)
jakujō (romanization)
zyakuzyau (romanization)
寂静な (adnominal)
寂静に (adverbial)
寂静だろ (imperfective stem)
じゃくじょうだろ (imperfective stem)
jakujō daro (imperfective)
寂静で (continuative stem)
じゃくじょうで (continuative stem)
jakujō de (continuative)
寂静だ (stem terminative)
じゃくじょうだ (stem terminative)
jakujō da (terminative)
寂静な (attributive stem)
じゃくじょうな (attributive stem)
jakujō na (attributive)
寂静なら (hypothetical stem)
じゃくじょうなら (hypothetical stem)
jakujō nara (hypothetical)
寂静であれ (imperative stem)
じゃくじょうであれ (imperative stem)
jakujō de are (imperative)
寂静ではない (informal negative)
寂静じゃない (informal negative)
じゃくじょうではない (informal negative)
じゃくじょうじゃない (informal negative)
jakujō de wa nai (informal negative)
jakujō ja nai (informal negative)
寂静だった (informal past)
じゃくじょうだった (informal past)
jakujō datta (informal past)
寂静ではなかった (informal negative past)
寂静じゃなかった (informal negative past)
じゃくじょうではなかった (informal negative past)
じゃくじょうじゃなかった (informal negative past)
jakujō de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
jakujō ja nakatta (informal negative past)
寂静です (formal)
じゃくじょうです (formal)
jakujō desu (formal)
寂静ではありません (formal negative)
寂静じゃありません (formal negative)
じゃくじょうではありません (formal negative)
じゃくじょうじゃありません (formal negative)
jakujō de wa arimasen (formal negative)
jakujō ja arimasen (formal negative)
寂静でした (formal past)
じゃくじょうでした (formal past)
jakujō deshita (formal past)
寂静ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
寂静じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
じゃくじょうではありませんでした (formal negative past)
じゃくじょうじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
jakujō de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
jakujō ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
寂静で (conjunctive)
じゃくじょうで (conjunctive)
jakujō de (conjunctive)
寂静なら（ば） (conditional)
じゃくじょうなら（ば） (conditional)
jakujō nara (ba) (conditional)
寂静だったら (conditional past)
じゃくじょうだったら (conditional past)
jakujō dattara (conditional past)
寂静だろう (volitional)
じゃくじょうだろう (volitional)
jakujō darō (volitional)
寂静に (adverbial)
じゃくじょうに (adverbial)
jakujō ni (adverbial)
寂静さ (noun-from-adj)
じゃくじょうさ (noun-from-adj)
jakujōsa (noun-from-adj)
寂静なら (irrealis stem)
じゃくじょうなら (irrealis stem)
zyakuzyounara (irrealis)
寂静に (continuative stem)
寂静なり (continuative stem)
じゃくじょうに (continuative stem)
じゃくじょうなり (continuative stem)
zyakuzyouni (continuative)
zyakuzyounari (continuative)
寂静なり (stem terminative)
じゃくじょうなり (stem terminative)
zyakuzyounari (terminative)
寂静なる (attributive stem)
じゃくじょうなる (attributive stem)
zyakuzyounaru (attributive)
寂静なれ (realis stem)
じゃくじょうなれ (realis stem)
zyakuzyounare (realis)
寂静なれ (imperative stem)
じゃくじょうなれ (imperative stem)
zyakuzyounare (imperative)
寂静ならず (negative)
じゃくじょうならず (negative)
zyakuzyounarazu (negative)
寂静なれど (contrastive)
じゃくじょうなれど (contrastive)
zyakuzyounaredo (contrastive)
寂静なれば (causative)
じゃくじょうなれば (causative)
zyakuzyounareba (causative)
寂静ならば (conditional)
じゃくじょうならば (conditional)
zyakuzyounaraba (conditional)
寂静なりき (past)
じゃくじょうなりき (past)
zyakuzyounariki (past)
寂静なりけり (past)
じゃくじょうなりけり (past)
zyakuzyounarikeri (past)
寂静に (adverbial)
じゃくじょうに (adverbial)
zyakuzyouni (adverbial)

ja-adj-infl

寂静

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

[d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ʑo̞ː]

(Buddhism)
(literary) quiet; tranquil; still


五蘊

From Middle Chinese 五蘊 (MC nguX 'jun), itself a translation of Sanskrit पञ्चस्कन्ध (pañca-skandha) or Pali pañca-khandha.

(Buddhism) the five skandhas (aggregates):

the five skandhas (aggregates):
色 (shiki, “form”)

the five skandhas (aggregates):
受 (ju, “sensations”)

the five skandhas (aggregates):
想 (sō, “perceptions”)

the five skandhas (aggregates):
行 (gyō, “formations/mental activity”)

the five skandhas (aggregates):
識 (shiki, “consciousness”)


礼拝

ja-noun

礼(らい)拝(はい) • (raihai) ^(←らいはい (raifai)?)

礼拝 (canonical)
raihai (romanization)
raifai (romanization)
らいはい (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) divine worship, religious service


礼拝

ja-verb-suru

礼(らい)拝(はい)する • (raihai suru) ^(←らいはい (raifai)?)suru (stem 礼(らい)拝(はい)し (raihai shi), past 礼(らい)拝(はい)した (raihai shita))

礼拝する (canonical)
raihai suru (romanization)
raifai (romanization)
礼拝し (stem)
礼拝した (past)
礼拝し
らいはいし
raihai shi
礼拝する
らいはいする
raihai suru
礼拝すれ
らいはいすれ
raihai sure
礼拝せよ (imperative literary)
礼拝しろ (colloquial imperative)
らいはいせよ (imperative literary)
らいはいしろ (colloquial imperative)
raihai seyo (imperative literary)
raihai shiro (colloquial imperative)
礼拝される (passive)
らいはいされる (passive)
raihai sareru (passive)
礼拝させる (causative)
礼拝さす (causative)
らいはいさせる (causative)
らいはいさす (causative)
raihai saseru (causative)
raihai sasu (causative)
礼拝できる (potential)
らいはいできる (potential)
raihai dekiru (potential)
礼拝しよう (volitional)
らいはいしよう (volitional)
raihai shiyō (volitional)
礼拝しない (negative)
らいはいしない (negative)
raihai shinai (negative)
礼拝せず (continuative negative)
らいはいせず (continuative negative)
raihai sezu (continuative negative)
礼拝します (formal)
らいはいします (formal)
raihai shimasu (formal)
礼拝した (perfective)
らいはいした (perfective)
raihai shita (perfective)
礼拝して (conjunctive)
らいはいして (conjunctive)
raihai shite (conjunctive)
礼拝すれば (conditional hypothetical)
らいはいすれば (conditional hypothetical)
raihai sureba (conditional hypothetical)


大黒天

大黒天 (canonical)
Daikokuten (romanization)

Middle Chinese 大黑天 (literally “Great Black Deva”)

der

(Buddhism, Shinto) Daikokuten, Japanese name for the Buddhist god Mahākāla

恵比須

god of fishers or merchants, often depicted carrying a sea bream.

布袋

the fat and happy god of abundance and good health.

弁才天

The Japanese name for the Hindu and Buddhist goddess Saraswati. The goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers.

吉祥天

the goddess of happiness, charm and beauty, of fertility, nature, and of human creativity, and the patronesses of joy, amusement and festivities.


懈怠

From Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛ^X doi^X, literally “idle + negligent”). A mixed reading, so likely a later development within Japanese. Uses the goon of ke for the first half, and the kan'on of tai for the second half.

(Buddhism) spiritual slothfulness: kausidya


懈怠

From Middle Chinese compound 懈怠 (hɛ^X doi^X, literally “idle + negligent”). The goon, so likely the original borrowing.


分段

Attested from at least the 12th century.

(Buddhism) abbreviation of 分段生死 (“death and rebirth; reincarnation”), 分段身 (“one who is reincarnated”), or 分段同居 (“the present world, world of the living”)


法輪

ja-noun

法(ほう)輪(りん) • (hōrin) ^(←ほふりん (fofurin)?)

法輪 (canonical)
hōrin (romanization)
fofurin (romanization)
ほふりん (hiragana historical)

/popu rin/ → /ɸoɸurin/ → /hoːrin/
From Middle Chinese 法輪 (MC pjop lwin), itself a translation of Sanskrit धर्मचक्र (dharmacakra).

(Buddhism) dharmachakra: the wheel of dharma


僧家

(Buddhism) residence of a Buddhist monk or priest


不動明王

ja-pos

不(ふ)動(どう)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Fudō Myōō)

不動明王 (canonical)
Fudō Myōō (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟do̞ː mʲo̞ːo̞ː]

(religion, Buddhism) a guardian deity primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism as the principal of the Five Wisdom Kings, known outside of Japan by his Sanskrit name, अचल (acala)


降三世明王

降(ごう)三(ざん)世(ぜ)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Gōzanze Myōō)

降三世明王 (canonical)
Gōzanze Myōō (romanization)

(religion, Buddhism) Trailokyavijaya, the Wisdom King of the east, primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism


軍荼利明王

軍(ぐん)荼(だ)利(り)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Gundari Myōō)

軍荼利明王 (canonical)
Gundari Myōō (romanization)

(religion, Buddhism) Gundari Myōō, the Japanese name for Kuṇḍali, the Wisdom King of the South, primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism, in Japan, China and elsewhere.


大威德明王

だい.いとく みょうおう

大(だい)威(い)德(とく)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Daiitoku Myōō)

大威德明王 (canonical)
Daiitoku Myōō (romanization)

(religion, Buddhism) Daiitoku Myōō, the Japanese name for Yamantaka, the Wisdom King of the West, primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism, in Japan, China and elsewhere.


金剛夜叉明王

こんごう やしゃ みょうおう

金(こん)剛(ごう)夜(や)叉(しゃ)明(みょう)王(おう) • (Kongō Yasha Myōō)

金剛夜叉明王 (canonical)
Kongō Yasha Myōō (romanization)

(religion, Buddhism) Kongo Yasha Myōō, the Japanese name for Vajrayaksa, the Wisdom King of the North, primarily revered in Vajrayana Buddhism, in Japan, China and elsewhere.


七福神

七福神 (canonical)
Shichi Fukujin (romanization)

(Shinto, Buddhism) the Seven Gods of Good Fortune


明王

ja-noun

明(みょう)王(おう) • (myōō)

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
From Middle Chinese 明王 (*miæng *hiuɑng, literally “wisdom king”), itself a calque from Sanskrit विद्याराज (vidyārāja, “knowledge king”).

五大明王

五大明王 ごだいみょうおう

Also called a Guardian King.

(Buddhism) a Wisdom King in Vajrayana Buddhism

(Buddhism) Short for 五大明王 (Go Dai Myōō, “the Five Wisdom Kings”).

(Buddhism) by extension, more specifically refers to 不動明王 (Fudō Myōō), the central figure of the Five Wisdom Kings


毘沙門天

毘沙門天 (canonical)
Bishamonten (romanization)

[bʲiɕa̠mõ̞ntẽ̞ɴ]

Ultimately from Sanskrit वैश्रवण (vaiśravaṇa).
Appears to be 毘沙門 (Bishamon, “Vaiśravaṇa”) + 天 (-ten, “deva”).
Alternatively, may have been borrowed from Chinese with the suffix already included.

suffix

(Buddhism): the Japanese name for the Hindu god Vaiśravaṇa: a punisher of evildoers, and one of the seven gods of luck

Bishamonten
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Vaiśravaṇa
ja:松村明
ja:毘沙門天

大黒

the god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikoku are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops.

弁才天

The Japanese name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati. The goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers.


少林寺

ja-pos

少(しょう)林(りん)寺(じ) • (Shōrinji) ^(←せうりんじ (Seurinzi)?)

少林寺 (canonical)
Shōrinji (romanization)
Seurinzi (romanization)
せうりんじ (hiragana historical)

From 少林 (Shōrin, “Shaolin”, literally “small forest”) + 寺 (-ji, “Buddhist temple”).
Compare Mandarin 少林寺 (Shàolínsì).

suffix

(Buddhism) the Shaolin Monastery in central China

(Buddhism) any of the other temples named Shōrin in Japan


十戒

ja-noun

十(じっ)戒(かい) or 十(じゅっ)戒(かい) • (jikkai or jukkai)

十戒 (canonical)
十戒 (canonical)
jikkai (romanization)
jukkai (romanization)

(Buddhism) the Ten Precepts/Commandments (ten things not to do as a Buddhist)


宗主

Probably from Middle Chinese compound 宗主 (tsowng tsyu^X, literally “clan master, lineage chief”).

宗主国

a suzerain state, a country that holds dominion over and demands fealty from other countries

(Buddhism, religion) a funerary tablet, especially one at Ise Shrine for the imperial family


布施

布施 (canonical)
fuse (romanization)
ふせ (hiragana historical)

Calque of Sanskrit दान (dāna, “generosity, giving”). Compare 檀那 (danna).


布施

ja-verb-suru

布(ふ)施(せ)する • (fuse suru) ^(←ふせす (fuse su)?)suru (stem 布(ふ)施(せ)し (fuse shi), past 布(ふ)施(せ)した (fuse shita))

布施する (canonical)
布施し (stem)
布施した (past)
布施し
ふせし
fuse shi
布施する
ふせする
fuse suru
布施すれ
ふせすれ
fuse sure
布施せよ (imperative literary)
布施しろ (colloquial imperative)
ふせせよ (imperative literary)
ふせしろ (colloquial imperative)
fuse seyo (imperative literary)
fuse shiro (colloquial imperative)
布施される (passive)
ふせされる (passive)
fuse sareru (passive)
布施させる (causative)
布施さす (causative)
ふせさせる (causative)
ふせさす (causative)
fuse saseru (causative)
fuse sasu (causative)
布施できる (potential)
ふせできる (potential)
fuse dekiru (potential)
布施しよう (volitional)
ふせしよう (volitional)
fuse shiyō (volitional)
布施しない (negative)
ふせしない (negative)
fuse shinai (negative)
布施せず (continuative negative)
ふせせず (continuative negative)
fuse sezu (continuative negative)
布施します (formal)
ふせします (formal)
fuse shimasu (formal)
布施した (perfective)
ふせした (perfective)
fuse shita (perfective)
布施して (conjunctive)
ふせして (conjunctive)
fuse shite (conjunctive)
布施すれば (conditional hypothetical)
ふせすれば (conditional hypothetical)
fuse sureba (conditional hypothetical)


有性

有性 (canonical)
ushō (romanization)
usyau (romanization)
うしやう (hiragana historical)


八戒

(Buddhism) The eight precepts of Buddhism.


独鈷

独鈷 (canonical)
tokko (romanization)
tokuko (romanization)
どっこ (alternative hiragana)
dokko (Rōmaji)
どくこ (hiragana historical)
とくこ (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) A single pronged vajra used in Shingon rituals


護法

護法 (canonical)
gohō (romanization)
gofofu (romanization)
ごほふ (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism) defense of Buddhist doctrines

(Buddhism) religious power to dispel demons and diseases


木魚

[mo̞kɯ̟ɡʲo̞]

percussion instrument
percussion instrument

a wooden percussion instrument in the shape of a fish used to signal monks to their duties

a round, hollow, vaguely fish-shaped wooden percussion instrument used during recitations of Buddhist sutras


無性

無性 (canonical)
mushō (romanization)
musyau (romanization)
むしやう (hiragana historical)


薬叉

ja-noun

薬(やく)叉(しゃ) • (yakusha) ^(←やくしや (yakusya)?)

薬叉 (canonical)
yakusha (romanization)
yakusya (romanization)
やくしや (hiragana historical)

Likely borrowed directly from Sanskrit यक्ष (yakṣa)