定規座

ja-pos

定(じょう)規(ぎ)座(ざ) • (Jōgiza) ^(←ぢやうぎざ (Dyaugiza)?)

定規座 (canonical)
Jōgiza (romanization)
Dyaugiza (romanization)
ぢやうぎざ (hiragana historical)

じょうぎ座 じょうぎ座#Japanese


はちぶんぎ座

はちぶんぎ座 (canonical)
Hachibungiza (romanization)

[ha̠t͡ɕibɯ̟̃ŋʲɡʲiza̠]

八分儀 (hachibungi, “octant”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


八分儀座

八分儀座 (canonical)
Hachibungiza (romanization)

はちぶんぎ座 はちぶんぎ座#Japanese

alternative spelling of はちぶんぎ座 (“Octans”)


がか座

画架 (gaka, “easel”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


画架座

ja-pos

画(が)架(か)座(ざ) • (Gakaza) ^(←ぐわかざ (Gwakaza)?)

画架座 (canonical)
Gakaza (romanization)
Gwakaza (romanization)
ぐわかざ (hiragana historical)


ちょうこくしつ座

ちょうこくしつ座 (canonical)
Chōkokushitsuza (romanization)

[t͡ɕo̞ːko̞kɯ̟̊ɕi̥t͡sɨza̠]

彫刻 (chōkoku, “sculpture”) + 室 (shitsu, “room”) + 座 (za, “constellation”)


彫刻室座

ja-pos

彫(ちょう)刻(こく)室(しつ)座(ざ) • (Chōkokushitsuza) ^(←てうこくしつざ (Teukokusituza)?)

彫刻室座 (canonical)
Chōkokushitsuza (romanization)
Teukokusituza (romanization)
てうこくしつざ (hiragana historical)

ちょうこくしつ座 ちょうこくしつ座#Japanese

alternative spelling of ちょうこくしつ座 (“Sculptor”)


ぼうえんきょう座

ぼうえんきょう座(ざ) • (Bōenkyōza) ^(←ばうゑんきやうざ (Bauwenkyauza)?)

ぼうえんきょう座 (canonical)
Bōenkyōza (romanization)
Bauwenkyauza (romanization)
ばうゑんきやうざ (hiragana historical)

[bo̞ːẽ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ːza̠]

望遠鏡 (bōenkyō, “telescope”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


かみのけ座

かみのけ座 (canonical)
Kaminokeza (romanization)

髪(かみ)の毛(け) (kami no ke, “head hair”) + 座(ざ) (za, “constellation”)


コネティカット

コネチカット コネチカット#Japanese

alternative form of コネチカット (Konechikatto, “Connecticut”)


ハートフォード

ja-pos

ハートフォード • (Hātofōdo)

Hartford (a village in Huntingdonshire, England)

Hartford (a village in Cheshire, England)

Hartford (the capital city of Connecticut)


ハートフォード

ハートフォード • (Hātofōdo)

Hertford (a town in Hertfordshire, England)

Hertford (a town in North Carolina, United States)


ブリッジポート

Fairfield County
Fairfield County#English

Bridgeport (a large port city, the county seat of Fairfield County, Connecticut)

Bridgeport (a small city in Jackson County, Alabama)

census-designated place
census-designated place

Bridgeport (a census-designated place, the county seat of Mono County, California)

Bridgeport (a small city and township in Lawrence County, Illinois)

Bridgeport (a neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois)

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Bridgeport (a township and unincorporated community therein, in Saginaw County, Michigan)

Bridgeport (a small city, the county seat of Morrill County, Nebraska)

Bridgeport (a hamlet and census-designated place in Madison County and Onondaga County, New York)

Bridgeport (a village in Belmont County, Ohio)

Bridgeport (a small town in Caddo County, Oklahoma)

Montgomery County
Montgomery County#English

Bridgeport (a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania)

Bridgeport (a city in Wise County, Texas)

Bridgeport (a small city in Douglas County, Washington)

Bridgeport (a city in Harrison County, West Virginia)

Bridgeport (a small town and unincorporated community in Crawford County, Wisconsin)


火打石

火打石 (canonical)
Hiuchiishi (romanization)


火打

火打山

Hiuchi, a mountain in Niigata Prefecture


キルギス共和国

キルギス共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kirugisu Kyōwakoku)

キルギス共和国 (canonical)
Kirugisu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From キルギス (Kirugisu, “Kyrgyzstan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

com

Kyrgyz Republic
Kyrgyz Republic#English:_Q813

Kyrgyz Republic (official name of Kyrgyzstan: a country in Central Asia)


キルギス語

キルギス語 (canonical)
Kirugisu-go (romanization)

[kʲiɾɯ̟ɡʲisɨɡo̞]

キルギス (Kirugisu, “Kyrgyzstan”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


トンガ王国

トンガ王国 (canonical)
Tonga Ōkoku (romanization)


西オーストラリア

西オーストラリア (canonical)
Nishi Ōsutoraria (romanization)

From 西 (nishi, “west”) + オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria, “Australia”), calque of English Western Australia.

af

Western Australia
Western Australia#English:_Q3206

Western Australia (a state of Australia, occupying the western third of the continent; a former British colony until 1901)

ja:西オーストラリア州


真言

From Middle Chinese 真言 (MC tsyin ngjon), itself a translation of Sanskrit मन्त्र (mantra, “mantra”).

(Buddhism) short for 真言宗 (Shingon-shū): the Shingon school of esoteric Buddhism


宗谷

Laperouse strait between islands Hokkaidou (Japan) and Sakhalin (Russia)

subprefecture Souya in prefecture Hokkaidou, Japan


ダックバーグ

[da̠k̚kɯ̟ba̠ːɡɯ̟]

Duckburg (fictional city where Donald Duck lives)


モルドバ共和国

ja-pos

モルドバ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Morudoba Kyōwakoku)

モルドバ共和国 (canonical)
Morudoba Kyōwakoku (romanization)

モルドバ (Morudoba, “Moldova”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


パンジャブご

パンジャブ語 パンジャブ語#Japanese


パンジャブ

[pã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑa̠bɯ̟]

Punjab (a geographical region in South Asia, politically divided between India and Pakistan)


ラホール

[ɾa̠ho̞ːɾɯ̟]


ムルタン

[mɯ̟ɾɯ̟tã̠ɴ]


シク教

ja-pos

シク教(きょう) • (Shikukyō) ^(←シクけう (Sikukeu)?)

シク教 (canonical)
Shikukyō (romanization)
Sikukeu (romanization)
シクけう (historical katakana)

[ɕikɯ̟kʲo̞ː]

Punjabi ਸਿੱਖ (sikkha) + 教 (-kyō, “-ism”)

suffix

Punjabi <i class="Guru mention" lang="pa">ਸਿੱਖ</i> (sikkha)


シーク教

ja-pos

シーク教(きょう) • (Shīkukyō) ^(←シークけう (Siikukeu)?)

シーク教 (canonical)
Shīkukyō (romanization)
Siikukeu (romanization)
シークけう (historical katakana)

[ɕiːkɯ̟kʲo̞ː]


シークきょう

シークきょう • (Shīkukyō)


シク戦争

シク戦(せん)争(そう) • (Shikusensō) ^(←シクせんさう (Sikusensau)?)

シク戦争 (canonical)
Shikusensō (romanization)
Sikusensau (romanization)
シクせんさう (historical katakana)

[ɕikɯ̟sẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ː]

Punjabi ਸਿੱਖ (sikkha) + 戦争 (sensō, “war”)


にじょう

ja-pos

にじょう • (Nijō)


阿猴

阿(あ)猴(こう) or 阿猴(アコウ) • (Akō)

阿猴 (canonical)
阿猴 (canonical)
Akō (romanization)

Borrowed from Hokkien 阿猴 (A-kâu) in the late 1890s.

(historical) Akō (a former village and subprefecture in Taiwan under Japanese rule)


アトランティックシティ

アトランティック シティ


もろこし

Baiyue
Daijisen
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:松村明

⟨mo₂ro₂ ko₁si⟩ → ⟨moro₂ko₁si⟩ → */morəkosi/ → /morokoɕi/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).
Originally a compound of 諸 (moro-, prefix meaning "many") + 越 (koshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 越す (kosu, “to cross (over)”), by reinterpretation of kun-reading 越 (koshi) from on-reading of 越 (Etsu). The compound refers to the 百越 (Bǎi Yuè, “Baiyue”, literally “Hundred Yue”), a collective name for various ethnic groups which inhabited Southern China.
The kanji spellings 唐土 and 唐 are jukujikun (熟字訓), literally meaning “Tang land” and “Tang” respectively.


サウサンプトン

Southampton (a city, unitary authority, and borough of Hampshire, in southern England)

Southampton (a town and village in Suffolk County, Long Island, New York)

Hampshire County
Hampshire County#English

Southampton (a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts)


サウスハンプトン

サウサンプトン サウサンプトン#Japanese

alternative form of サウサンプトン (Sausanputon, “Southampton”)


ダルマチア語

ダルマチア語 (canonical)
Darumachia-go (romanization)

ダルマチア (Darumachia, “Dalmatia”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


南方振動

ja-pos

南(なん)方(ぽう)振(しん)動(どう) • (Nanpō Shindō) ^(←なんぱうしんどう (Nanpausindou)?)

南方振動 (canonical)
Nanpō Shindō (romanization)
Nanpausindou (romanization)
なんぱうしんどう (hiragana historical)

南方 (nanpō, “the south”) + 振動 (shindō, “oscillation”)

com

Southern Oscillation
Southern Oscillation


クーロン

ja-pos

クーロン • (Kūron)


九竜

九(きゅう)竜(りゅう) • (Kyūryū) ^(←きうりゆう (Kiuryuu)?)

九竜 (canonical)
Kyūryū (romanization)
Kiuryuu (romanization)
きうりゆう (hiragana historical)


ケルビン

[ke̞ɾɯ̟bʲĩɴ]


ケルヴィン

alternative form of ケルビン (Kerubin, “Kelvin”)


ニュートン

ニュートン • (Nyūton)

ja:ニュートン (曖昧さ回避)

South Cambridgeshire
South Cambridgeshire#English

Newton (a small village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire district, Cambridgeshire (OS grid ref TL4349))

Cheshire West and Chester
Cheshire West and Chester#English

Newton (a suburb of Chester, Cheshire West and Chester district, Cheshire (OS grid ref SJ4168))

Dalton Town with Newton
Dalton Town with Newton#English

Westmorland and Furness
Westmorland and Furness#English

Newton (a village in Dalton Town with Newton parish, Westmorland and Furness, Cumbria, previously in Barrow-in-Furness borough (OS grid ref SD2371))

Newton (a hamlet and civil parish (served by Vowchurch and District Parish Council) in south-west Herefordshire (OS grid ref SO3432))

Newton (a village and civil parish (served by Newton-in-Bowland Parish Council) in Ribble Valley district, Lancashire (OS grid ref SD6950))

Newton (a village and civil parish in Rushcliffe district, Nottinghamshire (OS grid ref SK6841))

Newton (a small village and civil parish in Babergh district, Suffolk (OS grid ref TL9140))

Middlesex County
Middlesex County#English

Newton (a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts)

Newton (a small city in Dale County, Alabama)

Newton (a small city, the county seat of Baker County, Georgia)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Jasper County, Illinois)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Jasper County, Iowa)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Harvey County, Kansas, named after Newton, Massachusetts)

Newton (a small city in Newton County, Mississippi)

Rockingham County
Rockingham County#English

Newton (a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire)

Newton (a town, the county seat of Sussex County, New Jersey)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Catawba County, North Carolina)

Newton (a city, the county seat of Newton County, Texas)

Newton (a small city in Cache County, Utah)

Manitowoc County
Manitowoc County#English

Newton (a town and unincorporated community therein, in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin)

Marquette County
Marquette County#English

Newton (a town in Marquette County, Wisconsin)


パスカル

[pa̠sɨ̥ka̠ɾɯ̟]


カタール国

カタール国 (canonical)
Katāru-koku (romanization)

カタール (Katāru, “Qatar”) + 国 (-koku, “country”)


封神演義

封神演義 (canonical)
Hōshin Engi (romanization)

From Chinese 封神演義 /封神演义 (Fēngshén Yǎnyì).


弘法

弘法 (canonical)
Kōbō (romanization)
Koubofu (romanization)
こうぼふ (hiragana historical)

The euphemistic sense comes from the belief that Kōbō Daishi was a homosexual.

short for 弘法大師 (Kōbō Daishi): the posthumous name of 空海 (Kūkai), founder of the esoteric Shingon sect of Buddhism


花草

Compound of 花(はな) (hana, “flower”) + 草(くさ) (kusa, “grass”).


費拉特費

費拉特費 (canonical)
Firaderufia (romanization)

フィラデルフィア フィラデルフィア#Japanese

obsolete spelling of フィラデルフィア (“Philadelphia”)


費府

Rare jukujikun (熟字訓) kanji spelling for フィラデルフィア (Firaderufia, “Philadelphia”). Apparently derived from 費 as the first character of a former Chinese-derived spelling 費拉特費, suffixed with the character 府 denoting a governmental or geographic center.
The regular on'yomi pronunciation of the rare kanji spelling for Philadelphia.


ゴッサム

[ɡo̞sːa̠mɯ̟]


ピカチュウ

Coined as a compound of ピカ (pika, “sparkle”, ultimately from the same root as 光る (hikaru, “to shine; to sparkle”)) + チュー (chū, “squeak”, onomatopoeia). Unrelated to the animal pika (ultimately from Evenki piika)

com

ultimately from the same root as <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">光る</i> (hikaru, “to shine; to sparkle”)


寄生虫学

寄生虫学 (canonical)
kiseichūgaku (romanization)

[kʲise̞ːt͡ɕɨːɡa̠kɯ̟]


儒林外史

儒林外史 (canonical)
Juringaishi (romanization)

[d͡ʑɨɾʲĩŋɡa̠iɕi]

The Scholars; Unofficial History of the Scholars (Qing-dynasty novel)


ナルキッソス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Νάρκισσος (Nárkissos)


スウォンジー

ja-pos

スウォンジー • (Suwonjī)

Swansea (a city and county in South Wales)

St. Clair County
St. Clair County#English

Swansea (a village in St. Clair County, Illinois)

Swansea (a town in Bristol County, Massachusetts)


スウォンジ

スウォンジー スウォンジー#Japanese

alternative form of スウォンジー (Suwonjī, “Swansea”)


オリンピア

From English Olympia, from Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπία (Olumpía).


オリュンピア

[o̞ɾʲɨ̃mpʲia̠]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπία (Olumpía)

lbor

オリンピア オリンピア#Japanese

alternative form of オリンピア (Orinpia, “Olympia (an ancient city in Greece)”)


オリュンピアス

[o̞ɾʲɨ̃mpʲia̠sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπιάς (Olumpiás)

(history) Olympias (mother of Alexander the Great)


ツール・ド・フランス

ja-pos

^ツール・ド・^フランス

[t͡sɨːɾɯ̟ do̞ ɸɯ̟ɾã̠ɰ̃sɨ]

Borrowed from French Tour de France (literally “Tour of France”).

bor+

ja:ツール・ド・フランス


ロス・アンヘレス

From Spanish Los Ángeles (literally “The Angels”). Doublet of ロサンゼルス (Rosanzerusu).

bor

Los Ángeles (in Spanish-speaking countries)


モーリシャス共和国

ja-pos

モーリシャス きょうわこく

モーリシャス共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Mōrishasu Kyōwakoku)

モーリシャス共和国 (canonical)
Mōrishasu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

モーリシャス (Mōrishasu, “Mauritius”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Republic of Mauritius
Republic of Mauritius


シーシュポス

[ɕiːɕɨpo̞sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Σίσυφος (Sísuphos)


シシュポス

シーシュポス シーシュポス#Japanese

alternative form of シーシュポス (Shīshuposu, “Sisyphus”)


シシュフォス

シーシュポス シーシュポス#Japanese


シジフォス

シーシュポス シーシュポス#Japanese


オイディプース

ja-pos

オイディプース • (Oidipūsu)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Οἰδίπους (Oidípous)


オイディプス

オイディプース オイディプース#Japanese

alternative form of オイディプース (Oidipūsu, “Oedipus”)


エディプス

オイディプース オイディプース#Japanese


エーレクトラー

ja-pos

エーレクトラー • (Ērekutorā)

[e̞ːɾe̞kɯ̟to̞ɾa̠ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἠλέκτρᾱ (Ēléktrā)


エレクトラ

エーレクトラー エーレクトラー#Japanese

alternative form of エーレクトラー (Ērekutorā, “Electra”)


摩尼教

ja-pos

摩尼教(マニきょう) • (Manikyō)


ペンス

A transliteration of the English surname Pence


モンタナ

From English Montana, from Spanish montaña (“mountain”)

ja:モンタナ (曖昧さ回避)

モンタナ州


モンタナ

ja:モンタナ (曖昧さ回避)

モンタナ州


ノルマンディー

[no̞ɾɯ̟mã̠ndʲiː]

[no̞ɾɯ̟mã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑiː]

administrative region
administrative region

Normandy (an administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel)


グレートプレーンズ

Great Plains
Great Plains#English:_Q12707

Great Plains (the relatively flat region of United States and Canada consisting of grasslands east of the Rocky Mountains and west of the Mississippi, from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba in the north, to Texas in the south)


ラクダ科

ラクダ科 (canonical)
Rakuda-Ka (romanization)

駱駝 (rakuda, “camel”) + 科 (-ka, “family”)


ヤヌス

alternative form of ヤーヌス (Yānusu, “Janus”)


アプロディーテー

ja-pos

アプロディーテー • (Apurodītē)

[a̠pɯ̟ɾo̞dʲiːte̞ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē)

lbor

神

ギリシア神話のオリュンポス十二神 (Girishia shinwa no Oryunposu jūnishin)


ウェヌス

神

ローマ神話のオリュンポス十二神 (Rōma shinwa no Oryunposu jūnishin)


アプロディテ

アプロディーテー アプロディーテー#Japanese

alternative form of アプロディーテー (Apurodītē, “Aphrodite”) (Greek goddess)


アフロディテ

アプロディーテー アプロディーテー#Japanese


ユピテル

[jɯ̟pʲite̞ɾɯ̟]

ユーピテル ユーピテル#Japanese

alternative form of ユーピテル (Yūpiteru, “Jupiter”)


ユッピテル

[jɯ̟p̚ʲpʲite̞ɾɯ̟]

Learned borrowing from Latin Iuppiter, Juppiter

ユーピテル ユーピテル#Japanese


ユーノー

ja-pos

ユーノー • (Yūnō)


ユノー

ユノー • (Yunō)


ヘーラー

ヘーラー • (Hērā)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἥρᾱ (Hḗrā)


コンスタンティノープル

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

(historical) Constantinople (the former name, from 330–1930 C.E., of Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey; the former capital of the Ottoman Empire and of the Byzantine Empire before that)

ja:コンスタンティノープル


ブルックリン

Brooklyn (a borough of New York City, New York, United States)

Brooklyn (a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States)

Brooklyn (a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States)

Brooklyn (a small town in Morgan County, Indiana, United States)

Brooklyn (a small city Poweshiek County Iowa, United States)

Brooklyn (a village in Jackson County, Michigan, United States)

Brooklyn (a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States)

Brooklyn (a town in Green County, Wisconsin, United States)

Brooklyn (a village in Dane County and Green County, Wisconsin)

Brooklyn (a small town in Washburn County, Wisconsin)

Brooklyn (a small suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia)

Brooklyn (a suburb of Wellington, Wellington region, New Zealand)


ヴィエンナ

From English Vienna. Doublet of ヴィエンヌ (Viennu, “Vienne”) and ウィーン (Wīn).


ヴィエンヌ

From French Vienne. Doublet of ヴィエンナ (Vienna) and ウィーン (Wīn).

Vienne (a department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)

Vienne (a left tributary of the Loire in southwest France, flowing through the departments of Corrèze, Creuse, Haute-Vienne, Charente, Vienne and Indre-et-Loire)

Vienne (a town and commune of Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France)


キヌゲネズミ科

キヌゲネズミ科 (canonical)
Kinugenezumika (romanization)

絹毛鼠 (kinugenezumi, “hamster”) + 科 (-ka, “family”)


コンコード

Concord (the capital city of New Hampshire)


レアー

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ῥέα (Rhéa)

lbor

ティーターン

ギリシア神話のティーターン (Girishia shinwa no Tītān; )


アレス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄρης (Árēs).


ニューメキシコ

New Mexico (a state in the southwestern United States)


メヒコ

From Spanish México, from Classical Nahuatl Mēxihco.


ミネルウァ

[mʲine̞ɾɯ̟β̞a̠]


ミネルヴァ

ミネルウァ ミネルウァ#Japanese

alternative form of ミネルウァ (Mineruwa, “Minerva”)


アセンズ

Limestone County
Limestone County#English

Athens (a city, the county seat of Limestone County, Alabama, United States)

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Athens (an unincorporated community in Howard County, Arkansas, United States)

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

Athens (a large unincorporated community in Los Angeles County, California, United States)

Athens (a sizable city in Georgia, United States)

Athens (a city in Menard County, Illinois, United States)

Athens (an unincorporated community and hamlet in Henry Township, Fulton County, Indiana, United States)

Athens (a small unincorporated village outside of Lexington, Kentucky, United States)

Claiborne Parish
Claiborne Parish#English

Athens (a village in Claiborne Parish, Louisiana, United States)

Athens (a town in Somerset County, Maine, United States)

Athens (a village in Calhoun County, Michigan, United States)

Athens (an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Mississippi, United States)

Athens (a ghost town in Clark County, Missouri, United States)

Athens (a former mining settlement and ghost town in Nye County, Nevada, United States)

Athens (a town and village in Greene County, New York, United States)

Athens (a city, the county seat of Athens County, Ohio, United States)

Athens (a borough of Bradford County, Pennsylvania, United States)

Athens (a city, the county seat of McMinn County, Tennessee, United States)

Henderson County
Henderson County#English

Athens (a city, the county seat of Henderson County, Texas, United States)

Athens (a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States)

Athens (a town in Mercer County, West Virginia, United States)

Athens (a village in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States)


旧約

ja-pos

旧(きゅう)約(やく) • (Kyūyaku) ^(←きうやく (Kiuyaku)?)

旧約 (canonical)
Kyūyaku (romanization)
Kiuyaku (romanization)
きうやく (hiragana historical)

[kʲɨːja̠kɯ̟]

clipping of 旧約聖書 (Kyūyaku Seisho, “Old Testament”)


スーパーマン

スーパーマン • (Sūpāman)

[sɨːpa̠ːmã̠ɴ]

1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “わが子・スーパーマン [My Son Is Superman]”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第二章, page 473:

Come closer, I have something very important to tell you. This will shock you! So listen very carefully. Our son Tadashi… is Superman!!

重大な問題だ もっとこっちへ いいか驚くな！気をたしかにもって聞いてくれよ ウチのタダシはな……スーパーマンだ‼

Jūdai na mondai da Motto kotchi e Ii ka odoroku na! Ki o tashika ni motte kiite kure yo Uchi no Tadashi wa na…… Sūpāman da‼

1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “第一話 スーパーマン襲名 [Chapter 1: Taking on the Mantle of Superman]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第三章 中年スーパーマン左江内氏, page 365:

I am Superman. I am here to help you be Superman, too.

あたしやスーパーマンです あんたをスーパーマンにするためつけまわしておるのです

Atashi ya Sūpāman desu Anta o Sūpāman ni suru tame tsukemawashite oru no desu

1989 November 10 [1988 May 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “第二話 中年はもてる…か？ [Chapter 2: Can a Middle-Aged Man Still Be… Attractive?]”, in 征地球論 [A Debate over Conquering Earth] (藤子・Ｆ・不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 3), 2nd edition, volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第三章 中年スーパーマン左江内氏, pages 382–383:

One of Superman’s powers is X-ray vision. I can see through at whatever level I want.

スーパーマンの超能力の一つに透視力もあるのだ 必要に応じ何段階にも透視できる

Sūpāman no chōnōryoku no hitotsu ni tōshiryoku mo aru no da Hitsuyō ni ōji nandankai ni mo tōshi dekiru


ホメーロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὅμηρος (Hómēros)


ラファエロ

[ɾa̠ɸa̠e̞ɾo̞]

ラファエロ・サンティ

ja:ラファエロ・サンティ


サン・バルテルミー

[sa̠m ba̠ɾɯ̟te̞ɾɯ̟mʲiː]

Saint Barthélemy
Saint Barthélemy#English:_Q25362

Saint Barthélemy (an island, dependent territory, and overseas collectivity of France, in the Caribbean)

ja:サン・バルテルミー島


めんよう

綿陽: Mianyang, city in Sichuan province, China


𨨞

ja-pos

𨨞(おの) or 𨨞(オノ) • (Ono) ^(←をの (Wono) or ヲノ (Wono)?)

𨨞 (canonical)
𨨞 (canonical)
Ono (romanization)
Wono (romanization)
をの (hiragana historical)
ヲノ (hiragana historical)


びっちゅう

びっちゅう • (Bitchū)

備中: Bitchū Province, an old province of Japan


イヌか

イヌか (canonical)
いぬか (canonical)
Inuka (romanization)


瀬戸内

Region of coastal areas around Japan's inland sea

Setouchi (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)

Setouchi (a town in the Amami Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


瀬戸内地方

瀬(せ)戸(と)内(うち)地(ち)方(ほう) • (setouchi Chihō)

瀬戸内地方 (canonical)
setouchi Chihō (romanization)

Setouchi Region: region of Japan's Inland Sea (the body of water separating Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, three of the four main islands of Japan) and coastal areas roundabout


瀬戸内海

瀬戸内海 (canonical)
Seto Naikai (romanization)

Seto Inland Sea (the body of water separating Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, three of the four main islands of Japan)


赤の広場

赤の広場 (canonical)
Aka no Hiroba (romanization)

赤 (aka, “red”) + の (no, attributive marker) + 広場 (hiroba, “square”)


プルートーン

ja-pos

プルートーン • (Purūtōn)

[pɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːtõ̞ːɴ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πλούτων (Ploútōn)


プルト

プルートー プルートー#Japanese

alternative form of プルートー (Purūtō, “Pluto”) (god)


プルトー

プルートー プルートー#Japanese


グーフィー

ja-pos

グーフィー • (Gūfī)


ミニーマウス

[mʲiɲ̟iː ma̠ɯ̟sɨ]


サクラメント

From English Sacramento, from Spanish Sacramento (literally “Sacrament”).

der

サクラメント サクラメント#Japanese

サクラメント, 桜面都, 桜府: Sacramento (a city in Sacramento, California, United States)

サクラメント サクラメント#Japanese

サクラメント, 桜面都: Sacramento (a county of California, United States)


七台河

七台河 (canonical)
Shichitaika (romanization)

Qitaihe (a prefecture-level city of Heilongjiang, China)


伊賀焼

Iga ware; pottery or earthenware from the Iga region in contemporary Mie prefecture


アクロティリおよびデケリア

ja-pos

^アクロティリ および ^デケリア

アクロティリおよびデケリア • (Akurotiri oyobi Dekeria)

アクロティリ (Akurotiri, “Akrotiri”) + 及び (oyobi, “and”) + デケリア (Dikeria, “Dhekelia”), calque of English Akrotiri and Dhekelia

af

Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Akrotiri and Dhekelia#English

Akrotiri and Dhekelia (an overseas territory of the United Kingdom on the island of Cyprus)

ja:アクロティリおよびデケリア


アンギラ

[ã̠ŋʲɡʲiɾa̠]

Anguilla (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean Sea)


バミューダ

Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


イギリス領ヴァージン諸島

ja-pos

^イギリス りょう ^ヴァージン ^しょとう

イギリス領(りょう)ヴァージン諸(しょ)島(とう) • (Igirisu ryō Vājin Shotō)

イギリス領ヴァージン諸島 (canonical)
Igirisu ryō Vājin Shotō (romanization)

イギリス (Igirisu, “Britain”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + ヴァージン諸島 (Vājin Shotō, “Virgin Islands”), calque of English British Virgin Islands.

cal

British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands#English:_Q25305

British Virgin Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean)

ja:イギリス領ヴァージン諸島


アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島

ja-pos

^アメリカ-りょう ^ヴァージン ^しょとう

アメリカ領(りょう)ヴァージン諸(しょ)島(とう) • (Amerika-ryō Vājin Shotō)

アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島 (canonical)
Amerika-ryō Vājin Shotō (romanization)

アメリカ (Amerika, “America”) + 領 (ryō, “under the government of”) + ヴァージン諸島 (Vājin Shotō, “Virgin Islands”), calque of English U.S. Virgin Islands

af

United States Virgin Islands#English:_Q11703

United States Virgin Islands (an archipelago and dependent territory of the United States, part of the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean)

ja:アメリカ領ヴァージン諸島


とうてん

ja-pos

とうてん • (Tōten)


コディアック

Borrowed from English Kodiak, from Russian Кадьяк (Kadʹjak).


アポローン

アポローン • (Aporōn)

[a̠po̞ɾõ̞ːɴ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn)


アポロン

アポローン アポローン#Japanese

alternative form of アポローン (Aporōn, “Apollo”)

ja:アポロン (曖昧さ回避)


ディーアーナ

ja-pos

ディーアーナ • (Dīāna)

ディアーナ ディアーナ#Japanese

alternative form of ディアーナ (Diāna, “Diana”) (Roman goddess)


ディアナ

ディアーナ ディアーナ#Japanese


デーメーテール

デーメーテール • (Dēmētēru)

[de̞ːme̞ːte̞ːɾɯ̟]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Δημήτηρ (Dēmḗtēr)


ケレス

alternative form of ケレース (Kerēsu, “Ceres”) (Roman goddess)


ヘーパイストス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἥφαιστος (Hḗphaistos)


ヘパイストス

ヘーパイストス ヘーパイストス#Japanese

alternative form of ヘーパイストス (Hēpaisutosu, “Hephaestus”)


ヘファイストス

ヘーパイストス ヘーパイストス#Japanese


ウゥルカーヌス

[β̞ɯ̟ɾɯ̟ka̠ːnɯ̟sɨ]


ウゥルカヌス

ウゥルカーヌス ウゥルカーヌス#Japanese

alternative form of ウゥルカーヌス (Wurukānusu, “Vulcan”) (Roman god of fire)


ヘスティアー

ja-pos

ヘスティアー • (Hesutiā)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἑστία (Hestía)


ヘスティア

ヘスティアー ヘスティアー#Japanese

alternative form of ヘスティアー (Hesutiā, “Hestia”) (Greek goddess)


ウーラニアー

ja-pos

ウーラニアー • (Ūraniā)

[ɯ̟ːɾa̠ɲ̟ia̠ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Οὐρανία (Ouranía)


ウラニア

ウーラニアー ウーラニアー#Japanese

alternative form of ウーラニアー (Ūraniā, “Urania”) (the Muse of astronomy)


ティタン

ティーターン ティーターン#Japanese

alternative form of ティーターン (Tītān, “Titan”)


イーアペトス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἰαπετός (Iapetós)


イアペトス

イーアペトス イーアペトス#Japanese

alternative form of イーアペトス (Īapetosu, “Iapetus”) (the Titan)


オーケアノス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός (Ōkeanós)


オケアノス

オーケアノス オーケアノス#Japanese

alternative form of オーケアノス (Ōkeanosu, “Oceanus”)


クレイオス

[kɯ̟ɾe̞ːo̞sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κρεῖος (Kreîos)


クロノス

ja:クロノス
ja:クロノス (曖昧さ回避)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κρόνος (Krónos)


クロノス

ja:クロノス (時間の神)
ja:クロノス (曖昧さ回避)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Χρόνος (Khrónos)


コイオス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κοῖος (Koîos)


テイアー

ja-pos

テイアー • (Teiā)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Θεία (Theía)


テイア

alternative form of テイアー (Teiā, “Theia”) (a Titan)


テーテュース

ja-pos

テーテュース • (Tētyūsu)

[te̞ːtʲɨːsɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Τηθύς (Tēthús)


テテュス

テーテュース テーテュース#Japanese

alternative form of テーテュース (Tētyūsu, “Tethys”) (mythology)


テミス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Θέμις (Thémis)


ヒュペリーオーン

ja-pos

ヒュペリーオーン • (Hyuperīōn)

[çɨpe̞ɾʲiːõ̞ːɴ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὑπερίων (Huperíōn)


ヒュペリオン

ヒュペリーオーン ヒュペリーオーン#Japanese

alternative form of ヒュペリーオーン (Hyuperīōn, “Hyperion”) (a Titan, the son of Gaia and Uranus)


ポイベー

ja-pos

ポイベー • (Poibē)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Φοίβη (Phoíbē)


ポイベ

alternative form of ポイベー (Poibē, “Phoebe”) (Titan)


ムネーモシュネー

ja-pos

ムネーモシュネー • (Munēmoshunē)

[mɯ̟ne̞ːmo̞ɕɨne̞ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μνημοσύνη (Mnēmosúnē)


ムネモシュネ

ムネーモシュネー ムネーモシュネー#Japanese

alternative form of ムネーモシュネー (Munēmoshunē, “Mnemosyne”) (Titaness)


エウテルペー

[e̞ɯ̟te̞ɾɯ̟pe̞ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Εὐτέρπη (Eutérpē)


エウテルペ

エウテルペー エウテルペー#Japanese

alternative form of エウテルペー (Euterupē, “Euterpe”) (the Muse of music and lyric poetry)


エラトー

ja-pos

エラトー • (Eratō)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἐρατώ (Eratṓ)


エラト

alternative form of エラトー (Eratō, “Erato”) (Muse of lyric poetry)


カリオペー

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Καλλιόπη (Kalliópē)


カリオペ

カリオペー カリオペー#Japanese

alternative form of カリオペー (Kariopē, “Calliope”) (the Muse of eloquence and epic)


カッリオペー

カリオペー カリオペー#Japanese


クレイオー

ja-pos

クレイオー • (Kureiō)

[kɯ̟ɾe̞ːo̞ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κλειώ (Kleiṓ)


クレイオ

クレイオー クレイオー#Japanese

alternative form of クレイオー (Kureiō, “Clio”) (the Muse of history and heroic poetry)


タレイア

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Θάλεια (Tháleia)


南沙群島

ja-pos

南(なん)沙(さ)群(ぐん)島(とう) • (Nansa Guntō) ^(←なんさぐんたう (Nansaguntau)?)

南沙群島 (canonical)
Nansa Guntō (romanization)
Nansaguntau (romanization)
なんさぐんたう (hiragana historical)

From Chinese 南沙群島 /南沙群岛 (Nánshā Qúndǎo).

synonym of 南沙諸島 (Nansa Shotō, “Spratly Islands”)


テルプシコラー

[te̞ɾɯ̟pɯ̟ɕiko̞ɾa̠ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Τερψιχόρα (Terpsikhóra)


テルプシコラ

テルプシコラー テルプシコラー#Japanese

alternative form of テルプシコラー (Terupushikorā, “Terpsichore”) (Greek mythology: one of the nine muses)


テルプシコレー

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Τερψιχόρη (Terpsikhórē)

テルプシコラー テルプシコラー#Japanese


テルプシコレ

テルプシコラー テルプシコラー#Japanese


ポリュムニアー

[po̞ɾʲɨmɯ̟ɲ̟ia̠ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πολυμνία (Polumnía)


ポリュムニア

ポリュムニアー ポリュムニアー#Japanese

alternative form of ポリュムニアー (Poryumuniā, “Polyhymnia”) (Muse of sacred music)


ポリュヒュムニア

ポリュムニアー ポリュムニアー#Japanese


ポリュヒュムニアー

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πολυύμνια (Poluúmnia)

ポリュムニアー ポリュムニアー#Japanese


メルポメネー

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μελπομένη (Melpoménē)


メルポメネ

メルポメネー メルポメネー#Japanese

alternative form of メルポメネー (Merupomenē, “Melpomene”) (Muse of tragedy)


トート

ja-pos

トート • (Tōto)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Θώθ (Thṓth).


星条旗

ja-pos

星(せい)条(じょう)旗(き) • (Seijōki) ^(←せいでうき (Seideuki)?)

星条旗 (canonical)
Seijōki (romanization)
Seideuki (romanization)
せいでうき (hiragana historical)

『星条旗よ永遠なれ』

Stars and Stripes (national flag of the United States)


アポロー

アポロー • (Aporō)

Learned borrowing from Latin Apollō, from Ancient Greek Ἀπόλλων (Apóllōn)


アポロ

アポローン アポローン#Japanese

alternative form of アポローン (Aporōn, “Apollo”) (the son of Zeus)


ペンタゴン

[pẽ̞nta̠ɡõ̞ɴ]


大母音推移

大(だい)母(ぼ)音(いん)推(すい)移(い) • (Dai Boin Suii)

大母音推移 (canonical)
Dai Boin Suii (romanization)

大 (dai, “great”) + 母音 (boin, “vowel”) + 推移 (suii, “transition”), calque of English Great Vowel Shift.


四月馬鹿

ja-pos

四(し)月(がつ)馬(ば)鹿(か) • (Shigatsubaka) ^(←しぐわつばか (Sigwatubaka)?)

四月馬鹿 (canonical)
Shigatsubaka (romanization)
Sigwatubaka (romanization)
しぐわつばか (hiragana historical)


チェ

A transliteration of the Korean surname 최(崔) (Choe), Choi


沙陀

沙陀 (canonical)
沙陀 (canonical)
Sata (romanization)
Sada (romanization)

Shatuo (a Turkic tribe that influenced northern Chinese politics from the late 9th century through the 10th century)


オデュッセウス

[o̞dʲɨsːe̞ɯ̟sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὀδυσσεύς (Odusseús).


イーリアス

ja-pos

イーリアス • (Īriasu)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἰλιάς (Iliás)


イリアス

イーリアス イーリアス#Japanese

alternative form of イーリアス (Īriasu, “Iliad”)


アガメムノーン

[a̠ɡa̠me̞mɯ̟nõ̞ːɴ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀγαμέμνων (Agamémnōn)


アガメムノン

アガメムノーン アガメムノーン#Japanese

alternative form of アガメムノーン (Agamemunōn, “Agamemnon”)


ペーネロペー

ja-pos

ペーネロペー • (Pēneropē)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πηνελόπη (Pēnelópē)


ペネロペ

ペーネロペー ペーネロペー#Japanese

alternative form of ペーネロペー (Pēneropē, “Penelope”) (wife of Odysseus)


ペーネロペイア

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πηνελόπεια (Pēnelópeia)

ペーネロペー ペーネロペー#Japanese


ペネロペイア

ペーネロペー ペーネロペー#Japanese


テーレマコス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Τηλέμαχος (Tēlémakhos)


テレマコス

テーレマコス テーレマコス#Japanese

alternative form of テーレマコス (Tēremakosu, “Telemachus”)


ヘラクレス

ヘーラクレース ヘーラクレース#Japanese

alternative form of ヘーラクレース (Hērakurēsu, “Heracles”)


俗ラテン語

俗ラテン語 (canonical)
Zoku Raten-go (romanization)

俗 (zoku, “vulgar”) + ラテン語 (Raten-go, “Latin”). Calque of Latin sermo vulgaris.


サバンナ

Savannah; Savanna (placename and personal name)


水俣

Minamata (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


スワジランド王国

スワジランド王国 (canonical)
Suwajirando Ōkoku (romanization)

スワジランド (Suwajirando, “Swaziland”) + 王国 (ōkoku, “kingdom”)

Kingdom of Swaziland
Kingdom of Swaziland


ゴールデンウィーク

ja-pos

ゴールデンウィーク • (Gōruden Wīku)

[ɡo̞ːɾɯ̟dẽ̞ɰ̃β̞iːkɯ̟]

Wasei eigo (和製英語; pseudo-anglicism), derived from golden + week


ゴールデンウイーク

ja-pos

ゴールデンウイーク • (Gōruden Uīku)

[ɡo̞ːɾɯ̟de̞ɰ̃ ɯ̟iːkɯ̟]

ゴールデンウィーク ゴールデンウィーク#Japanese

alternative form of ゴールデンウィーク (Gōruden Wīku, “Golden Week”)


イブ

1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “神さまごっこ [God Simulator]”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第一章, page 143:

I’ll call you two Adam and Eve. I’m the one who created you. Feel free to enjoy your lives here in Paradise. One thing, though. You must not eat fruit from this tree. This is the fruit of wisdom. Hey, are you listening to what I'm saying?

きみたちをアダムとイブと名づける ぼくがきみたちをこさえたんだからね この楽園で自由に楽しくくらしなさい ひとつだけ注意しておく この木の実だけは絶対に食べてはいけない これは知恵の木の実といって おいこら聞いてるのか

Kimi-tachi o Adamu to Ibu to nazukeru Boku ga kimi-tachi o kosaeta n da kara ne Kono rakuen de jiyū ni tanoshiku kurashinasai Hitotsu dake chūi shite oku Kono ki no mi dake wa zettai ni tabete wa ikenai Kore wa chie no ki no mi to itte Oi kora kiiteru no ka

1999 September 16, Motohiro Katou, “ヤコブの階(かい)段(だん) [Jacob’s Stairway]”, in Ｑ.(キュー)Ｅ.(イー)Ｄ.(ディー) 証(しょう)明(めい)終(しゅう)了(りょう) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 184:

Eva would’ve been the Creator to the Clans. And Jacob was one of Eva (Eve)’s descendants.

クラン達にとってエバは創造主 そのエバ（イブ）の子孫がヤコブだろ

Kuran-tachi ni totte Eba wa Sōzōshu Sono Eba (Ibu) no shison ga Yakobu daro

alternative form of イヴ (Ivu, “Eve”) (the first woman)


シルクロード

[ɕiɾɯ̟kɯ̟ ɾo̞ːdo̞]


国際連合教育科学文化機関

こくさい れんごう きょういく かがく ぶんか きかん

こくさいれんがふけういくくわがくぶんくわきくわん

国(こく)際(さい)連(れん)合(ごう)教(きょう)育(いく)科(か)学(がく)文(ぶん)化(か)機(き)関(かん) • (Kokusai Rengō Kyōiku Kagaku Bunka Kikan) ^(←こくさいれんがふけういくくわがくぶんくわきくわん (Kokusairengafukeuikukwagakubunkwakikwan)?)

国際連合教育科学文化機関 (canonical)
Kokusai Rengō Kyōiku Kagaku Bunka Kikan (romanization)
Kokusairengafukeuikukwagakubunkwakikwan (romanization)
こくさいれんがふけういくくわがくぶんくわきくわん (hiragana historical)

国際連合 (Kokusai Rengō, “United Nations”) + 教育 (kyōiku, “education”) + 科学 (kagaku, “science”) + 文化 (bunka, “culture”) + 機関 (kikan, “organization”), calque of English United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
連 is a daiyōji replacing 聯.

ja-daiyouji

こくさいれんごうきょういくかがくぶんかきかん

UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)

ja:国際連合教育科学文化機関


南朝

ja-pos

南(なん)朝(ちょう) • (Nanchō) ^(←なんてう (Nanteu)?)

南朝 (canonical)
Nanchō (romanization)
Nanteu (romanization)
なんてう (hiragana historical)

[nã̠ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

(history, of China) the Southern dynasties


北朝

(history, of China) the Northern dynasties


ビッグベン

ビッグ・ベン ビッグ・ベン#Japanese


ドイツていこく

ドイツ帝国 ドイツ帝国#Japanese


ダプネー

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Δάφνη (Dáphnē)


イーカロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἴκαρος (Íkaros)


イカロス

イーカロス イーカロス#Japanese

alternative form of イーカロス (Īkarosu, “Icarus”)


イカルス

イーカロス イーカロス#Japanese


ダイダロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Δαίδαλος (Daídalos)


栃木弁

栃木弁 (canonical)
Tochigiben (romanization)

[to̞t͡ɕiɡʲibẽ̞ɴ]


茨城弁

茨城弁 (canonical)
Ibarakiben (romanization)


マクド

マクドナルド マクドナルド#Japanese

(chiefly Kansai) clipping of マクドナルド (Makudonarudo, “McDonald's”)


華府

華府 (canonical)
Kafu (romanization)
Kwafu (romanization)
くわふ (hiragana historical)

1935 March 13, 日伯新聞 (Nippaku Shinbun) [Nippo-Brazilian Newspaper], number 926, page 1:

According to a report from Washington, British ambassador to the United States Mr Lindsay visited the Department of State, […]

華府來電によれば駐米英大使リンゼー氏は國務省を訪問、[…]

Kafu raiden ni yoreba chū-Bei Ei-taishi Rinzē-shi wa kokumushō o hōmon, […]

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

(obsolete) Washington, D.C. (a city, the capital city of the United States)


カトリック教会

カトリック教会 (canonical)
Katorikku Kyōkai (romanization)

Calque of English Catholic Church, equivalent to カトリック (Katorikku, “Catholic”) + 教会 (kyōkai, “church”)


ローマ・カトリック教会

ja-pos

ローマ・カトリック きょうかい

ローマ・カトリック教(きょう)会(かい) • (Rōma Katorikku Kyōkai)

ローマ・カトリック教会 (canonical)
Rōma Katorikku Kyōkai (romanization)

ローマカトリックきょーかい

ローマ (Rōma, “Rome”) + カトリック教会 (Katorikku Kyōkai, “Catholic Church”)

com

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church


有栖川

有栖川 (canonical)
Arisugawa (romanization)

[a̠ɾʲisɨɡa̠β̞a̠]


小田切

ja-pos

小(お)田(だ)切(ぎり) or 小(こ)田(た)切(ぎり) • (Odagiri or Kotagiri)

小田切 (canonical)
小田切 (canonical)
Odagiri (romanization)
Kotagiri (romanization)


エゲレス

[e̞ɡe̞ɾe̞sɨ]

From Dutch Engels.
Used during the Edo period.


イールランド

[iːɾɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]


白海

白(はっ)海(かい) • (Hakkai) ^(←はくかい (Fakukai)?)

白海 (canonical)
Hakkai (romanization)
Fakukai (romanization)
はくかい (hiragana historical)


ヒュドラー

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ὕδρα (Húdra)


ヒュドラ

ヒュドラー ヒュドラー#Japanese

alternative form of ヒュドラー (Hyudorā, “Hydra”)


ヒドラ

ja:ヒドラ
ja:ヒドラ (衛星)


八路軍

八路軍 (canonical)
Hachirogun (romanization)

[ha̠t͡ɕiɾo̞ɡɯ̟̃ɴ]

(military, historical) Eighth Route Army


異端審問

異端審問 (canonical)
Itan Shinmon (romanization)

[ita̠ɰ̃ ɕĩmːõ̞ɴ]

異端 (itan, “heresy”) + 審問 (shinmon, “interrogation; inquisition”)

af

(historical, Roman Catholicism) the Inquisition


スペイン異端審問

ja-pos

スペイン いたん しんもん

スペイン異(い)端(たん)審(しん)問(もん) • (Supein Itan Shinmon)

スペイン異端審問 (canonical)
Supein Itan Shinmon (romanization)

スペイン (Supein, “Spain”) + 異端審問 (Itan Shinmon, “Inquisition”)

af

(history, Roman Catholicism) the Spanish Inquisition


ノースカロライナ

North Carolina
North Carolina#English:_Q1454

(~州) North Carolina (a state of the United States, situated on the east coast of the North American mainland north of South Carolina and south of Virginia)

ja:ノースカロライナ州


ノースダコタ

North Dakota
North Dakota#English:_Q1207

North Dakota (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)


サウスダコタ

South Dakota
South Dakota#English:_Q1211

South Dakota (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)


カロリーナ

Carolina (a municipality of Puerto Rico, United States)


ダコタ

Borrowed from English Dakota, from Dakota dakhóta.


ビスマーク

Bismarck (the capital city of North Dakota)


ヒョウ属

ヒョウ属 (canonical)
Hyō-Zoku (romanization)


ネコ属

ネコ属 (canonical)
Neko-Zoku (romanization)


オオヤマネコ属

オオヤマネコ属 (canonical)
Ōyamaneko-Zoku (romanization)

大山猫 (ōyamaneko, “Eurasian lynx”) + 属 (-zoku, “genus”)


天安門広場

ja-pos

天(てん)安(あん)門(もん)広(ひろ)場(ば) • (Ten'anmon Hiroba)

天安門広場 (canonical)
Ten'anmon Hiroba (romanization)

[tẽ̞ɰ̃ã̠mːo̞ɰ̃ çiɾo̞ba̠]

天安門 (“Tiananmen”) + 広場 (“square”), calque of Mandarin 天安門廣場 /天安门广场 (Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng, Tiān'ānmén Guǎngcháng)

cal

Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square#English

Tiananmen Square (a square in Beijing, China)


ヤクーツク

[ja̠kɯ̟ːt͡sɨkɯ̟]

Borrowed from Russian Яку́тск (Jakútsk).


ホバート

Hobart (the capital of Tasmania, Australia)


ドビュッシー

[do̞bʲɨɕːiː]

A transliteration of the French surname Debussy


グリーグ

[ɡɯ̟ɾʲiːɡɯ̟]

A transliteration of the Norwegian surname Grieg


ベートーヴェン

ja-pos

ベートーヴェン • (Bētōven)

[be̞ːto̞ːbẽ̞ɴ]

A transliteration of the German surname Beethoven


エリーゼ

エリーゼ • (Erīze)

『エリーゼのために』 ― “erīze no Tame ni” ― "Für Elise"

A transliteration of the German female given name Elise


ヴィヴァルディ

A transliteration of the Italian surname Vivaldi


ファミマ

ファミリーマート w:ja:ファミリーマート

clipping of ファミリーマート (Famirī Māto, “FamilyMart, Japanese convenience store franchise chain”)


茅ヶ崎

茅ヶ崎 (canonical)
Chigasaki (romanization)

Chigasaki (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


律宗

律宗(りっしゅう) • (Risshū)

a school of Nara Buddhism in Japan; Risshū or Ritsu school


エペソ人への手紙

^エペソびと へ の ^てがみ

エペソ人(びと)への手(て)紙(がみ) • (Epesobito e no Tegami)

エペソ人への手紙 (canonical)
Epesobito e no Tegami (romanization)

エペソ (Epeso, “Ephesus”) + 人 (hito, “human”) + へ (e, “to”) + の (no, “of”) + 手紙 (tegami, “letter”)


蚩尤

(Chinese mythology) Chiyou (tribal leader of the ancient Nine Li tribe)


新北

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 新北 (Xīnběi)


後唐

後唐 (canonical)
Kōtō (romanization)
Koutau (romanization)
こうたう (hiragana historical)


後唐

後唐 (canonical)
Gotō (romanization)
Gotau (romanization)
ごたう (hiragana historical)

alternative form of 後唐 (Kōtō): Later Tang (923–937)


蜀漢

[ɕo̞kɯ̟kã̠ɴ]


嘉慶

ja-pos

嘉(か)慶(けい) or 嘉(か)慶(きょう) • (Kakei or Kakyō)

嘉慶 (canonical)
嘉慶 (canonical)
Kakei (romanization)
Kakyō (romanization)

the Kakei era, 1387-1389 by the Northern Court reckoning


白山

[ha̠kɯ̟sã̠ɴ]

Hakusan (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


上饒

上(じょう)饒(じょう) • (Jōjō)

Shangrao (a prefecture-level city of Jiangxi, China)


保山

Baoshan (a prefecture-level city of Yunnan, China)


米利堅

[me̞ɾʲikẽ̞ɴ]

日本国米利堅合衆国和親条約

合衆国和親条約 がっしゅうこくわしんじょうやく

Nihon-koku Meriken Gasshūkoku Washin Jōyaku

Convention of Peace and Amity between the Empire of Japan and the United States of America


阿拉斯加

此阿拉斯加の最北端なるポイントバローまて僅々のみ。

(Can we date this quote?), 加藤哲, “北極記行”, in こゝろの華(はな) (Kokoro no hana), volume 六巻二号, page 71:

[…]加奈陀ノ內地並ニ阿拉斯加沿岸ヨリ[…]

(Can we date this quote?), “雜錄”, in 植民協會報告(しよくみんけふくわいほうこく) (Shokumin kyōkai hōkoku), volume 第弐拾號, page 89:

rare spelling of アラスカ (“Alaska (a state of the United States)”)


ボン

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Bonn (an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the Rhine River; the former capital of West Germany and (until 1999) seat of government of unified Germany)


甘木

(historical) Amagi (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


海北

海(かい)北(ほう) or 海(かい)北(ほく) • (Kaihō or Kaihoku)

海北 (canonical)
海北 (canonical)
Kaihō (romanization)
Kaihoku (romanization)


羌族

羌族(チャンぞく) or 羌(きょう)族(ぞく) • (Chanzoku or Kyōzoku)

羌族 (canonical)
羌族 (canonical)
Chanzoku (romanization)
Kyōzoku (romanization)

1996 November 1, Ryū Fujisaki, “第(だい)７回(かい) 妲(だっ)己(き)ちゃん 蠆(たい)盆(ぼん)を造(つく)る [Chapter 7: Daji-chan Devises the Chaipen]”, in 封(ほう)神(しん)演(えん)義(ぎ) [Investiture of the Gods], volume 1 (fiction; paperback), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 104:

あはん♡馬鹿な太公望ちゃん♡

あはん♡馬鹿な太公望ちゃん♡

あはん♡馬鹿な太公望ちゃん♡


三字経

三(さん)字(じ)経(きょう) • (Sanjikyō) ^(←さんじきやう (Sanzikyau)?)

三字経 (canonical)
Sanjikyō (romanization)
Sanzikyau (romanization)
さんじきやう (hiragana historical)

the Three Character Classic, a Classical Chinese text

本朝三字経 本朝三字経#Japanese

a Japanese text in a similar metre, also known as the 本朝三字経 (honchō sanjikyō)


白雪姫

白雪姫 (canonical)
Shirayuki-hime (romanization)

白雪 (Shirayuki, “Snow White”) + 姫 (hime, “princess”)

af

1994 April 30 [1991 August 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)のドラビアンナイト [Nobita’s Dorabian Nights] (大長編ドラえもん; 11), 5th edition, volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 25:

白雪姫さん、おいしいリンゴはいかが？

Shirayuki-hime-san, oishii ringo wa ikaga?


マクロン

[ma̠kɯ̟ɾõ̞ɴ]

エマニュエル・マクロン

A transliteration of the French surname Macron


ルペン

マリーヌ・ルペン

A transliteration of the French surname Le Pen


水晶宮

ja-pos

水(すい)晶(しょう)宮(きゅう) • (Suishōkyū) ^(←すいしやうきゆう (Suisyaukyuu)?)

水晶宮 (canonical)
Suishōkyū (romanization)
Suisyaukyuu (romanization)
すいしやうきゆう (hiragana historical)

[sɨiɕo̞ːkʲɨː]

From 水晶 (suishō, “crystal”) + 宮 (-kyū, “palace”).


九里

九里亜蓮 ― Kuri Aren ― Aren Kuri


九里

Jiuli District (a former district of Jiangsu, China)


春川

[ha̠ɾɯ̟ka̠β̞a̠]


春川

[t͡ɕɨ̃ɲ̟t͡ɕõ̞ɴ]


春川

ja-pos

春(しゅん)川(せん) • (Shunsen) ^(←しゆんせん (Syunsen)?)

春川 (canonical)
Shunsen (romanization)
Syunsen (romanization)
しゆんせん (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 춘천(春川) (chuncheon).

obor

(dated) Chuncheon (a city in South Korea)


木浦

Mokpo (a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea)


木浦

/mokɯho/ → /mop̚po/
Orthographic borrowing from Korean 목포(木浦) (Mokpo).

(dated) Mokpo (a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea)


慶州

[kʲõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ]


慶州

ja-pos

慶(けい)州(しゅう) • (Keishū) ^(←けいしう (Keisiu)?)

慶州 (canonical)
Keishū (romanization)
Keisiu (romanization)
けいしう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 경주(慶州) (gyeongju).

obor

(dated) Gyeongju (a city in South Korea)


浦項

North Gyeongsang
North Gyeongsang#English

Pohang (a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


浦項

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 포항(浦項) (Pohang).

(dated) Pohang (a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


印度支那

印度支那 (canonical)
Indoshina (romanization)

Indochina (a peninsula and geographic region of Southeast Asia, consisting of the mainland portion, not including islands such as those of Indonesia)

1903, Bun'yū Nanjō, Junjirō Takakusu, Jōshirō Sawai, Futsuryō Indoshina [French Indochina], →OCLC, page 36:

以上は佛領印度支那に於て主要なる地名とるの音譯とを示す為に列記し、その地誌に代ゆるものにして

Ijō wa Futsuryō Indoshina ni oite shuyō naru chimei toru no on'yaku to o shimesu suru ni rekki shi, sono chishi ni dai yuru mono ni shite

The foregoing lists the transliterations of the principle place names in French Indochinese territory, which are used to name those places.

French Indochina
French Indochina#English

Indochina (a former French colony in Southeast Asia comprising the peninsula containing Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos; in full, French Indochina)


牡鹿

牡鹿 (canonical)
Oshika (romanization)
Wosika (romanization)
をしか (hiragana historical)


竹島

ja-pos

竹(たけ)島(しま) • (Takeshima) ^(←たけしま (Takesima)?)

竹島 (canonical)
Takeshima (romanization)
Takesima (romanization)
たけしま (hiragana historical)

Takeshima, Liancourt Rocks (islands in the Sea of Japan)


蘭嶼

From Chinese 蘭嶼 /兰屿 (Lányǔ). The 漢音 (kan'on) reading, so likely a later borrowing.


明治維新

明(めい)治(じ)維(い)新(しん) • (Meiji Ishin) ^(←めいぢゐしん (Meidiwisin)?)

明治維新 (canonical)
Meiji Ishin (romanization)
Meidiwisin (romanization)
めいぢゐしん (hiragana historical)

→ English: Meiji Restoration (calque)

→ Chinese:

zh-l

明治維新／明治维新 (Míngzhì Wéixīn)

Mandarin: 明治維新／明治维新 (Míngzhì Wéixīn)

[me̞ːʑi iɕĩɴ]


カザフスタン共和国

ja-pos

カザフスタン きょうわこく

カザフスタン共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kazafusutan Kyōwakoku)

カザフスタン共和国 (canonical)
Kazafusutan Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From カザフスタン (Kazafusutan, “Kazakhstan”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

com

Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kazakhstan#English:_Q232

Republic of Kazakhstan (official name of Kazakhstan: a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


烏桓

烏桓 (canonical)
Ugan (romanization)
Ugwan (romanization)
うぐわん (hiragana historical)

Wuhuan, an ancient ethnic group in China


柔然

(historical) Rouran (a khaganate that ruled much of present-day Mongolia, northern China and southern Siberia from the mid-4th to the mid-6th centuries, formed from a tribal confederation of pre-Mongolic peoples of Donghu origin)

(historical) Rouran (the language of the Rouran khaganate)


靺鞨

Mohe, an ancient ethnic group of northeast China, far east Russia, and northern Korea


康保

ja-pos

康(こう)保(ほう) • (Kōhō)


我孫子

Abiko (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


忠清南道

^ちゅうせい ^なんだう

忠(ちゅう)清(せい)南(なん)道(どう) • (Chūsei Nandō) ^(←ちゅうせいなんだう (Tyuusei Nandau)?)

忠(チュン)清(チョン)南(ナム)道(ド) • (Chunchon Namudo)

忠清南道 (canonical)
Chūsei Nandō (romanization)
Tyuusei Nandau (romanization)
ちゅうせいなんだう (hiragana historical)
忠清南道 (canonical)
Chunchon Namudo (romanization)

South Chungcheong
w:South Chungcheong Province

South Chungcheong (a province of South Korea)


忠清北道

^ちゅうせい ^ほくだう

忠(ちゅう)清(せい)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Chūsei Hokudō) ^(←ちゅうせいほくだう (Tyuusei Fokudau)?)

忠(チュン)清(チョン)北(プク)道(ト) • (Chunchon Pukuto)

忠(チュン)清(チョン)北(プク)道(ド) • (Chunchon Pukudo)

忠清北道 (canonical)
Chūsei Hokudō (romanization)
Tyuusei Fokudau (romanization)
ちゅうせいほくだう (hiragana historical)
忠清北道 (canonical)
Chunchon Pukuto (romanization)
忠清北道 (canonical)
Chunchon Pukudo (romanization)

North Chungcheong
w:North Chungcheong Province

North Chungcheong (a province of South Korea)


南浦

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 목포(木浦) (Mokpo).


新義州

新義州 (canonical)
Shingishū (romanization)

[ɕĩŋʲɡʲiɕɨː]

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 신의주(新義州) (Sinuiju).


平城

ja-pos

平(へい)城(じょう) • (Heijō) ^(←へいじやう (Feizyau)?)

平城 (canonical)
Heijō (romanization)
Feizyau (romanization)
へいじやう (hiragana historical)

/pei d͡ʑʲau/ → /ɸeid͡ʑɔː/ → /heːd͡ʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 平城 (MC bjaeng dzyeng).
The short form senses are from the on-reading of the alternative spelling of 奈良 (Nara) below.

(historical) Pingcheng County during the Han and Northern Wei dynasties of ancient China, now part of Datong, Shanxi Province

short for 平城京 (Heijō-kyō): the capital of ancient Japan during most of the Nara period

平城京

short for 平城宮 (Heijō-kyū): the imperial palace on the north end of Heijō-kyō


開城

開(かい)城(じょう) • (Kaijō) ^(←かいじやう (Kaizyau)?)

開城 (canonical)
Kaijō (romanization)
Kaizyau (romanization)
かいじやう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 개성(開城) (gaeseong).


松林

松林 (canonical)
Matsubayashi (romanization)


松林

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 송림(松林) (songnim).


松林

[sõ̞n̺ɾʲimɯ̟]


咸鏡南道

ja-pos

^かんきゃう ^なんだう

咸(かん)鏡(きょう)南(なん)道(どう) • (Kankyō Nandō) ^(←かんきゃうなんだう (Kankyau Nandau)?)

咸(ハム)鏡(ギョン)南(ナム)道(ド) • (Hamugyon Namudo)

咸鏡南道 (canonical)
Kankyō Nandō (romanization)
Kankyau Nandau (romanization)
かんきゃうなんだう (hiragana historical)
咸鏡南道 (canonical)
Hamugyon Namudo (romanization)

South Hamgyong
w:South Hamgyong Province

South Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


咸鏡北道

^かんきやう ^ほくだう

咸(かん)鏡(きょう)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Kankyō Hokudō) ^(←かんきやうほくだう (Kankyau Fokudau)?)

咸(ハム)鏡(ギョン)北(プク)道(ト) • (Hamugyon Pukuto)

咸(ハム)鏡(ギョン)北(プク)道(ド) • (Hamugyon Pukudo)

咸鏡北道 (canonical)
Kankyō Hokudō (romanization)
Kankyau Fokudau (romanization)
かんきやうほくだう (hiragana historical)
咸鏡北道 (canonical)
Hamugyon Pukuto (romanization)
咸鏡北道 (canonical)
Hamugyon Pukudo (romanization)

North Hamgyong (a province of North Korea)


平安北道

平(へい)安(あん)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Heian Hokudō) ^(←へいあんほくだう (Feian Fokudau)?)

平安北道 (canonical)
Heian Hokudō (romanization)
Feian Fokudau (romanization)
へいあんほくだう (hiragana historical)
平安北道 (canonical)
Pyon'an Pukuto (romanization)
平安北道 (canonical)
Pyon'an Pukudo (romanization)

North Pyongan (a province of North Korea)


平安南道

平(へい)安(あん)南(なん)道(どう) • (Heian Nandō) ^(←へいあんなんだう (Feian Nandau)?)

平安南道 (canonical)
Heian Nandō (romanization)
Feian Nandau (romanization)
へいあんなんだう (hiragana historical)
平安南道 (canonical)
Pyon'an Namudo (romanization)

South Pyongan (a province of North Korea)


西沙群島

西(せい)沙(さ)群(ぐん)島(とう) • (Seisa Guntō) ^(←せいさぐんたう (Seisaguntau)?)

西沙群島 (canonical)
Seisa Guntō (romanization)
Seisaguntau (romanization)
せいさぐんたう (hiragana historical)

synonym of 西沙諸島 (Seisa Shotō, “Paracel Islands”)


カリホルニヤ

[ka̠ɾʲiho̞ɾɯ̟ɲ̟ija̠]

1932 July 15, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 11729, page 3:

カリホルニヤの夏空に

カリフォルニア カリフォルニア#Japanese

obsolete form of カリフォルニア (Kariforunia) (= California): a state of the United States


メーリーランド

メーリーランド • (Mērīrando)

[me̞ːɾʲiːɾã̠ndo̞]

メリーランド メリーランド#Japanese

obsolete form of メリーランド (Merīrando) (= Maryland): a state of the United States


訓民正音

訓民正音 (canonical)
Kunmin Seion (romanization)

[kɯ̟̃mʲːiɰ̃ se̞ːõ̞ɴ]

(historical) Hunmin Jeongeum (document introducing the hangul script for Korean in 1446)


黄海北道

^くゎうかい ^ほくだう

黄(こう)海(かい)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Kōkai Hokudō) ^(←くゎうかいほくだう (Kwaukai Fokudau)?)

黄海北道 (canonical)
Kōkai Hokudō (romanization)
Kwaukai Fokudau (romanization)
くゎうかいほくだう (hiragana historical)
黄海北道 (canonical)
Fanhe Pukuto (romanization)
黄海北道 (canonical)
Fanhe Pukudo (romanization)

North Hwanghae
w:North Hwanghae Province

North Hwanghae (a province of North Korea)


黄海南道

^くゎうかい ^なんだう

黄(こう)海(かい)南(なん)道(どう) • (Kōkai Nandō) ^(←くゎうかいなんだう (Kwaukai Nandau)?)

黄海南道 (canonical)
Kōkai Nandō (romanization)
Kwaukai Nandau (romanization)
くゎうかいなんだう (hiragana historical)
黄海南道 (canonical)
Fanhe Namudo (romanization)

South Hwanghae
w:South Hwanghae Province

South Hwanghae (a province of North Korea)


アングル

A transliteration of the French surname Ingres

アングルの橙色の重い本

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, French painter


大暑

大(たい)暑(しょ) • (Taisho) ^(←たいしよ (Taisyo)?)

大暑 (canonical)
Taisho (romanization)
Taisyo (romanization)
たいしよ (hiragana historical)

Greater Heat (12th of the 24 solar terms)

立春

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


大寒

"Greater Cold" (one of twenty-four solar terms)


重陽

重(ちょう)陽(よう) • (Chōyō)

[t͡ɕo̞ːjo̞ː]

Double Ninth Festival
Double Ninth Festival


西城

西城秀樹


シオン

From Ecclesiastical Latin Sīōn, from Koine Greek Σῑών (Sīṓn), from Biblical Hebrew צִיּוֹן (ṣiyyôn).

(biblical) Zion (a hill in Jerusalem, Israel, on which ancient Jerusalem was partly built; a centrepiece to Biblical accounts of old days and future eschatological events)


東村

東村 (canonical)
Higashimura (romanization)


桜小路

桜小路 (canonical)
Sakurakōji (romanization)


高嶺

From Old Japanese.
Compound of 高 (taka, stem of adjective 高い (takai), “high, tall”) + 嶺 (ne, “peak”).

com

stem of adjective <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">高い</i> (takai), “high, tall”


高嶺

From 高 (taka, stem of adjective 高い (takai), “high, tall”) + 峰 (mine, “peak”).


枢密院

ja-pos

枢(すう)密(みつ)院(いん) • (Sūmitsu-in) ^(←すうみつゐん (Suumituwin)?)

枢密院 (canonical)
Sūmitsu-in (romanization)
Suumituwin (romanization)
すうみつゐん (hiragana historical)

[sɨːmʲit͡sɨĩɴ]

Compound of 枢(すう)密(みつ) (sūmitsu, “state secret”) + 院(いん) (-in, “institution, council”).

ja-compound

(historical) Privy Council to the Emperor of Japan (1888–1947)


板門店

ja-pos

板門店(パンムンジョム) or 板(はん)門(もん)店(てん) • (Panmunjomu or Hanmonten)

板門店 (canonical)
板門店 (canonical)
Panmunjomu (romanization)
Hanmonten (romanization)


旅順

Kwantung Leased Territory
Kwantung Leased Territory#English

(historical) Ryojun (a region of Kwantung Leased Territory, China)


鹿嶋

Kashima (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


室蘭

[mɯ̟ɾo̞ɾã̠ɴ]


夕張

Yūbari (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Yūbari (a district of Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


留萌

Certainly from Ainu, but further details are unclear and disputed.

Rumoi (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


苫小牧

苫小牧 (canonical)
Tomakomai (romanization)


美唄

Either from Ainu ピパイ (pipai), meaning "mussel shell"; Ainu ピパ オマ ナイ (pipa oma nai), meaning "river of mussel shells"; or Ainu ピパ オ イ (pipa o i), meaning "place of many mussel shells".

Bibai (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


江別

Like many place names in Hokkaido, especially those ending in -betsu (from Ainu ペッ (pet, “river”)), from Ainu. There are multiple theories on the exact etymon, for example イェペッ (yepet, “purulent river”).

Ebetsu (a city in Ishikari subprefecture, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


赤平

Ainu [Term?]. The exact original Ainu term and its meaning are disputed.

Akabira (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


紋別

Derived from Ainu モペッ (mopet), from Ainu モ (mo, “quiet”) + Ainu ペッ (pet, “river”).

Monbetsu (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


名寄

Nayoro (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


三笠

Mikasa (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Mikasa (a train station in Mikasa, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Mikasa (a train station in Karuizawa, Kitasaku district, Nagano Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Mikasa (a town in Izumi district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Mikasa (a village in Ogasa district, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


深川

Fukagawa (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

(~区) one of the 35 former wards of Tokyo Prefecture (1868–1943), Tokyo City.


北廣島

北廣島 (canonical)
Kitahiroshima (romanization)


五所川原

五(ご)所(しょ)川(がわ)原(ら) • (Goshogawara) ^(←ごしよがはら (Gosyogafara)?)

五所川原 (canonical)
Goshogawara (romanization)
Gosyogafara (romanization)
ごしよがはら (hiragana historical)

[ɡo̞ɕo̞ɡa̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

Goshogawara (a city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan)


釜石

Kamaishi (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


遠野

Tōno (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)

Tōno (a railway station in Tōno, Iwate Prefecture, Japan)

a town in Kamihei district, Iwate Prefecture, Japan

a town in Iwaki district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan


仙北

Senboku (a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan)


新庄

Shinjō (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


新庄

新(しん)庄(しょう) or 新(しん)庄(しょ) or 新(にい)庄(しょう) or 新(あら)庄(しょう) • (Shinshō or Shinsho or Nīshō or Arashō)

新庄 (canonical)
新庄 (canonical)
新庄 (canonical)
新庄 (canonical)
Shinshō (romanization)
Shinsho (romanization)
Nīshō (romanization)
Arashō (romanization)


寒河江

Sagae (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


土浦

[t͡sɨt͡ɕiɯ̟ɾa̠]

Tsuchiura (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


取手

Toride (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


大田原

大(おお)田(た)原(わら) • (Ōtawara) ^(←おほたはら (Ofotafara)?)

大(おお)田(た)原(はら) • (Ōtahara) ^(←おほたはら (Ofotafara)?)

大田原 (canonical)
Ōtawara (romanization)
Ofotafara (romanization)
おほたはら (hiragana historical)
大田原 (canonical)
Ōtahara (romanization)
Ofotafara (romanization)
おほたはら (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 大田原 (Dàtiányuán)

[o̞ːta̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

Ōtawara (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)

大田原俊輔

Shunsuke Ohtahara, neurologist known for the Ohtahara syndrome


春日部

Kasukabe (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


草加

草加駅


入間

Iruma (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Iruma (a district of Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Iruma (a village in Iruma district, Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Iruma (a village in Gujō district, Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) Iruma (a prefecture of Japan)


和光

Wakō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


富士見

Fujimi (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


匝瑳

匝瑳 (canonical)
Sōsa (romanization)
Safusa (romanization)
さふさ (hiragana historical)

Sōsa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


飯能

飯能 (canonical)
Hannō (romanization)
Fannou (romanization)
はんのう (hiragana historical)

Hannō (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


東村山

東村山 (canonical)
Higashimurayama (romanization)

Compound of 東(ひがし) (higashi, “east”) + 村(むら) (mura, “village”) + 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”).

ja-com

Higashimurayama (a city in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

Higashimurayama (a district of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


逗子

Zushi (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


秦野

Hadano (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


厚木

Atsugi (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


海老名

/jebina/ → /ebina/
Uncertain. Literally 海老 (ebi, “shrimp, prawn”) + 名 (na, “name”).
The place name has apparently been in use since roughly the mid-Heian period (794–1185 CE), when the Ebina clan controlled the area. That said, it is unclear whether the place name came from the clan name, or the other way around.
Derivation theories include:
* Named for large shrimp caught at the nearby mouth of the Sagami River
* Named for the bend in the Sagami River where one of the oldest shrines is located, with said bend thought to resemble the arch of a shrimp's back
* Named for the local topography, with the ebi portion of the name (ancient yebi) instead a shift from 指 (yubi, “finger”) in reference to the jointed and stepped shape of the land

a place name, especially the name of a city in Kanagawa Prefecture: Ebina, Kanagawa


南足柄

南足柄 (canonical)
Minamiashigara (romanization)


柏崎

柏崎 (canonical)
Kashiwazaki (romanization)

Kashiwazaki (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


加茂

any of various cities, towns, or districts in Japan, especially Kamo, Niigata.


上越

ja-pos

上(じょう)越(えつ) • (Jōetsu) ^(←じやうゑつ (Zyauwetu)?)

上越 (canonical)
Jōetsu (romanization)
Zyauwetu (romanization)
じやうゑつ (hiragana historical)

上(じょう) (Jō, Clipping of 上野 (“Kōzuke Province”)) + 越(えつ) (Etsu, Clipping of 越後 (“Echigo Province”))

ja-compound

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">上野</i> (“Kōzuke Province”)

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">越後</i> (“Echigo Province”)

[d͡ʑo̞ːe̞t͡sɨ]

(history) the Kōzuke Province and the Echigo Province in feudal system in Japan.

Jōetsu (a traditional region in eastern region in Japan, composed of the prefectures of Gunma and Niigata)


上越

Clipping of 上越後 (Kami Echigo, “Upper Echigo”)

clip

[d͡ʑo̞ːe̞t͡sɨ]

(~地方) Jōetsu region (a traditional region of Niigata Prefecture, Japan)

(~市) Jōetsu (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


上越

[d͡ʑo̞ːe̞t͡sɨ]

a place name in Kamikawa town, Hokkaido, Japan.


上越

ja-pos

上越(うえごし) or 上越(うえこし) or 上越(かみこし) • (Uegoshi or Uekoshi or Kamikoshi)

上越 (canonical)
上越 (canonical)
上越 (canonical)
Uegoshi (romanization)
Uekoshi (romanization)
Kamikoshi (romanization)

[d͡ʑo̞ːe̞t͡sɨ]


魚津

Uozu (a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan)


七尾

Nanao (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


輪島

Wajima (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


珠洲

Suzu (a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)


敦賀

[t͡sɨɾɯ̟ɡa̠]

Tsuruga (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


大月

Ōtsuki (places in Japan):
a city in Yamanashi Prefecture

a region of Sakuragawa, Ibaraki Prefecture

Ōtsuki (places in Japan):
a region of Mizuho, Gifu Prefecture

Ōtsuki (places in Japan):
a region of Ōno, Fukui Prefecture

a region of Eiheiji, Yoshida district, Fukui Prefecture

a region of Ōtsuki, Yamanashi Prefecture

a region of Inunohaka, Ichiba, Awa, Tokushima Prefecture


大月

Ōzuki (regions in Niigata Prefecture, Japan):


甲州

甲(こう)州(しゅう) • (Kōshū)

Compound of 甲 (Clipping of 甲斐 (“Kai Province”)) + 州 (shū, “province”)

com+

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">甲斐</i> (“Kai Province”)

(~市) Kōshū (a city in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan)

(historical) short for 甲斐国 (Kai no kuni, “Kai Province, a feudal province of Japan”)


小諸

Komoro (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


大垣

Ōgaki (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


各務原

ja-pos

各務原(かかみがはら) or 各務原(かがみがはら) or 各務原(かがみはら) or 各務原(かかみはら) • (Kakamigahara or Kagamigahara or Kagamihara or Kakamihara)

各務原 (canonical)
各務原 (canonical)
各務原 (canonical)
各務原 (canonical)
Kakamigahara (romanization)
Kagamigahara (romanization)
Kagamihara (romanization)
Kakamihara (romanization)

See 各務原市 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ʲᵃ

pedia

Kakamigahara (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)


沼津

Numazu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


熱海

The original name of the place, 阿(あ)多(た)美(み) (Atami), was changed to 熱海(あたみ) (Atami) (lit., "hot sea") by the Edo period because of the hot springs in this area.

Atami (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


磐田

Iwata (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


掛川

Kakegawa (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


御殿場

Gotemba (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


袋井

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɾo̞i]

Fukuroi (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


春日井

ja-pos

春日井(かすがい) • (Kasugai) ^(←かすがゐ (Kasugawi)?)

春日井 (canonical)
Kasugai (romanization)
Kasugawi (romanization)
かすがゐ (hiragana historical)

The region that is now northern Aichi prefecture was originally called 春部郡 (Kasukabe-gun); compare 春日部(かすかべ) (Kasukabe). In 1880 it was divided into 東春日井・西春日井, East Kasugai and West Kasugai. Compare also Old Japanese 春日 (Kasuga).

short for 春日井市 (Kasugai-shi): a city in northwestern Aichi Prefecture


小牧

Komaki (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


岩倉

[iβ̞a̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]

Iwakura (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


日進

日 (“day”) + 進 (“to advance; to progress”)

af

Nisshin (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

Nisshin (a town in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan)

Nisshin (a town in Kawasaki, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


松阪

Matsusaka (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


桑名

[kɯ̟β̞a̠na̠]

Kuwana (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


名張

Nabari (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


草津

Kusatsu (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


城陽

ja-pos

城(じょう)陽(よう) • (Jōyō) ^(←じやうやう (Zyauyau)?)

城陽 (canonical)
Jōyō (romanization)
Zyauyau (romanization)
じやうやう (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːjo̞ː]

Jōyō (a city in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


貝塚

貝(かい)塚(づか) • (Kaizuka) ^(←かひづか (Kafiduka)?)

貝塚 (canonical)
Kaizuka (romanization)
Kafiduka (romanization)
かひづか (hiragana historical)

From 貝(かい) (kai) + 塚(つか) (tsuka). The tsuka changes to zuka as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Kaizuka (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


茨木

Ibaraki (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


箕面

箕面(みのお) • (Minō)

Minoh (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


相生

相生 (canonical)
Aioi (romanization)
Afiofi (romanization)
あひおひ (hiragana historical)

Aioi (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


龍野

Tatsuno (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


大和高田

大和高田 (canonical)
Yamatotakada (romanization)

Yamatotakada (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


大和郡山

大和郡山 (canonical)
Yamatokōriyama (romanization)

Yamatokōriyama (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


橿原

Kashihara (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


生駒

Ikoma (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


香芝

Kashiba (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


葛城

Katsuragi (a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


新宮

Shingū (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


米子

Yonago (a city in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


江津

Gōtsu (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


津山

Tsuyama (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


三次

Miyoshi (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


宇和島

Uwajima (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


香美

Kami (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


久留米

→ Chinese: 久留米 (Jiǔliúmǐ)

→ English: Kurume

→ Korean: 구루미 (gurumi)

Kurume (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


宗像

宗像市

宗像大社/神社

宗像三女神

Munakata (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


太宰府

Dazaifu (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


福津

Fukutsu (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


嘉麻

Kama (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


唐津

Karatsu (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


唐津

[tã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑĩɴ]


五島

五島 (canonical)
Gotō (romanization)
Gotau (romanization)
ごたう (hiragana historical)

short for 五島列島 (Gotō Rettō, “Gotō Islands”)


人吉

Hitoyoshi (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


荒尾

Arao (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


玉名

Tamana (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


山鹿

Yamaga (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


宇土

Uto (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


上天草

上天草 (canonical)
Kamiamakusa (romanization)

Kamiamakusa (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


阿蘇

Aso (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


合志

Kōshi (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


天草

Compound of 天 (ama, “heavens”) + 草 (kusa, “grass, plant”).
The surname likely comes from the place name, the derivation of which is uncertain. Theories include:
* Named for the 海人 (ama, “sea people”) 草 (kusa, “tribe”) that lived in the archipelago in the region, as reported in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE)
* Named for the 甘草 (kanzō, “licorice”, literally “sweet grass”, alternative reading amakusa) harvested in the area
* Shift from 馬草 (makusa, umakusa, literally “horse grass”) from grazing areas in the region

compound

Amakusa (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


日南

Nichinan (a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)

Nichinan (a town in Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


西之表

西之表 (canonical)
Nishinoomote (romanization)

Nishinoomote (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


垂水

Tarumizu (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


奄美

Amami (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


宮古島

宮古島 (canonical)
Miyakojima (romanization)

From 宮古 (Miyako) + 島 (-shima, “island”). The shima changes to jima as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Miyakojima (a city in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


筑紫野

筑紫野 (canonical)
Chikushino (romanization)

Chikushino (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


アラジン

From English Aladdin, from Arabic عَلَاء الدِّين (ʕalāʔ ad-dīn).

der

عَلَاء الدِّين

Arabic عَلَاء الدِّين (ʕalāʔ ad-dīn)

アラジンと魔法のランプ


稚内

From Ainu ヤㇺ ワッカ ナイ (yam wakka nai, “cold water river”).

bor

Wakkanai (a city in Sōya subprefecture, on the north coast of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


歌志内

歌志内 (canonical)
Utashinai (romanization)

According to one theory, the name was from a corruption of Ainu オタ ウㇱ ナイ (ota ut nai), meaning "river attached with sand", then misheard as オタシナイ (Otashinai), until its current form.

Utashinai (a city in Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Utashinai (a train station in Utashinai, Sorachi, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


コロッセウム

コロッセオ コロッセオ#Japanese

alternative form of コロッセオ (Korosseo, “Colosseum”)


コロセウム

コロッセオ コロッセオ#Japanese


彦根

Hikone (a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan)


寝屋川

Neyagawa (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


安来

Yasugi (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


西条

Saijō (a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


四国中央

四国中央 (canonical)
Shikokuchūō (romanization)


岩国

[iβ̞a̠kɯ̟ɲ̟i]

Iwakuni (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)


千島

千島列島

千島列島 ちしまれっとう


チャタヌーガ

[t͡ɕa̠ta̠nɯ̟ːɡa̠]


藤壺

ja-pos

藤(ふじ)壺(つぼ) • (Fujitsubo) ^(←ふぢつぼ (Fuditubo)?)

藤壺 (canonical)
Fujitsubo (romanization)
Fuditubo (romanization)
ふぢつぼ (hiragana historical)

synonym of 飛香舎 (Higyō-sha, “one of the consort residences of the Inner Palace in the Heian era”)

飛香舎

(fiction) Lady Fujitsubo, a fictional character in The Tale of Genji


民部

clipping of 民部省 (Minbushō, “Ministry of Popular Affairs”)


吏部

吏部 (canonical)
吏部 (canonical)
Ribu (romanization)
Rihō (romanization)

(of feudal Japan) synonym of 式部省 (“Ministry of Ceremonial Affairs”) (designation by the Chinese)

式部省

(history, government, of feudal China) the Ministry of Personnel


六部

(history, government, of feudal China) the Six Ministries


礼部

(of feudal Japan) clipping of 礼部省 (Reibushō, “Ministry of Ceremonies”)

(of feudal Japan) synonym of 治部省 (Jibushō, “Ministry of Ceremonies”) (designation by the Chinese)

治部省

(history, government, of feudal China) the Ministry of Rites


工部

(of feudal Japan) synonym of 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”) (designation by the Chinese)

宮内省

(of pre-modern Japan) clipping of 工部省 (Kōbushō, “Ministry of Public Works”)

(history, government, of feudal China) the Ministry of Works


刑部

刑(ぎょう)部(ぶ) or 刑(けい)部(ぶ) • (Gyōbu or Keibu)

刑部 (canonical)
刑部 (canonical)
Gyōbu (romanization)
Keibu (romanization)

(of feudal Japan) clipping of 刑部省 (Gyōbushō, “Ministry of Justice”)


刑部

(history, government, of feudal China) the Ministry of Justice


刑部

alternative spelling of 忍壁 (Osakabe, “Prince Osakabe”)


兵部

兵(ひょう)部(ぶ) or 兵(へい)部(ぶ) or 兵(へい)部(ほう) • (Hyōbu or Heibu or Heihō)

兵部 (canonical)
兵部 (canonical)
兵部 (canonical)
Hyōbu (romanization)
Heibu (romanization)
Heihō (romanization)

(of feudal Japan) clipping of 兵部省 (Hyōbushō, “Ministry of War”)


兵部

(history, government, of feudal China) the Ministry of War


零戦

零(れい)戦(せん) or 零(ゼロ)戦(せん) • (Reisen or Zerosen)

零戦 (canonical)
零戦 (canonical)
Reisen (romanization)
Zerosen (romanization)

[d͡ze̞ɾo̞sẽ̞ɴ]

From 零 (rei, zero, “zero”) + 戦 (sen, clipping of 戦闘機 (sentōki), “fighter plane”).

com

clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">戦闘機</i> (sentōki), “fighter plane”

零式艦上戦闘機 w:ja:零式艦上戦闘機

(historical, colloquial) clipping of 零式艦上戦闘機 (Rei-shiki Kanjō Sentōki): the Type 0 Carrier Fighter, official designation of the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter plane


悉曇

ja-pos

悉(しっ)曇(たん) • (Shittan) ^(←しつたん (Situtan)?)

悉曇 (canonical)
Shittan (romanization)
Situtan (romanization)
しつたん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 悉曇 (MC sit dom), from Sanskrit सिद्धं (siddhaṃ).

Siddham, a Sanskrit writing system. Used (still occasionally today) in Japanese Buddhism.


メドゥーサ

メドゥーサ • (Medūsa)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μέδουσα (Médousa)


メドゥサ

メドゥーサ メドゥーサ#Japanese

alternative form of メドゥーサ (Medūsa, “Medusa”)


ラケル

(biblical) Rachel (younger daughter of Laban)


ハイチ共和国

ハイチ共和国 (canonical)
Haichi Kyōwakoku (romanization)

ハイチ (Haichi, “Haiti”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)


新妻

ja-pos

新(にい)妻(づま) • (Nīzuma) ^(←にひづま (Nifiduma)?)

新妻 (canonical)
Nīzuma (romanization)
Nifiduma (romanization)
にひづま (hiragana historical)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Kōjien
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Shinmura Izuru

Compound of 新 (nī, “new”) + 妻 (tsuma, “wife”).
First cited to roughly 1500.


けもフレ

[ke̞mo̞ɸɯ̟ɾe̞]

けものフレンズ w:ja:けものフレンズ

short for けものフレンズ (“Kemono Friends, a media franchise”)


エロース

エロース • (Erōsu)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἔρως (Érōs)


エロス

alternative form of エロース (Erōsu, “Eros”)


クピードー

ja-pos

クピードー • (Kupīdō)


クピド

クピードー クピードー#Japanese

alternative form of クピードー (Kupīdō, “Cupid”) (god of love, son of Venus)


キューピッド

クピードー クピードー#Japanese


たいと

(The following entries do not have a page created for them yet: 大途, 大都, 泰斗.)

ja-see

𱁬: The meaning of this term is uncertain.


だいと

(The following entries do not have a page created for them yet: 大斗, 大都, 大杜.)


アルバ

Aruba (an island, dependent territory, and constituent country of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea)


姮娥

From Middle Chinese 姮娥 (MC nga, “Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon”).

ltc-l

(Chinese mythology) Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon


淮南子

淮南子 (canonical)
Wainanshi (romanization)

(literature) The Huainanzi or Writings of the Masters South of the Huai River.


縱橫家

ja-pos

縱(じゅう)橫(おう)家(か) • (Jūōka)

Kyūjitai form of 縦横家 (“School of Diplomacy”)


自民党

自由民主党 w:ja:自由民主党

short for 自由民主党 (Jiyū Minshu-tō, “Liberal Democratic Party of Japan”)


裏日本

[ɯ̟ɾa̠ɲ̟ihõ̞ɴ]

(sometimes offensive) part of Japan adjacent to Sea of Japan


表日本

(dated) part of Japan adjacent to Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea


巴爾幹

[ba̠ɾɯ̟kã̠ɴ]

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina

dated spelling of バルカン: the Balkans (a cultural region and peninsula in Southeast Europe, roughly equivalent to the area covered by Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, sometimes including Romania, Slovenia, and European Turkey)


神の子羊

神の子羊 (canonical)
Kami no Kohitsuji (romanization)

Compound of 神 (Kami, “God”) + の (no, “possessive particle”) + 子羊 (kohitsuji, “lamb”).


ピュータゴラース

ja-pos

ピュータゴラース • (Pyūtagorāsu)

ピタゴラス ピタゴラス#Japanese

alternative form of ピタゴラス (Pitagorasu, “Pythagoras”)


真臘

真(しん)臘(ろう) • (Shinrō) ^(←しんらふ (Sinrafu)?)

真臘 (canonical)
Shinrō (romanization)
Sinrafu (romanization)
しんらふ (hiragana historical)


墨国

(dated) synonym of メキシコ (Mekishiko, “Mexico (a country)”)


眠れる森の美女

^ねむれる ^もり の ^びじょ

眠(ねむ)れる森(もり)の美(び)女(じょ) • (Nemureru Mori no Bijo)

眠れる森の美女 (canonical)
Nemureru Mori no Bijo (romanization)

[ne̞mɯ̟ɾe̞ɾɯ̟ mo̞ɾʲi no̞ bʲiʑo̞]

眠れる (nemureru, classical adnominal perfect-continuative (り) form of 眠る (nemuru, “to sleep”)) + 森 (mori, “forest”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 美女 (bijo, “beauty”), calque of French Belle au bois dormant (literally “Beauty sleeping in the Forest”)


ハルビン

[ha̠ɾɯ̟bʲĩɴ]

Either borrowed from English Harbin or Mandarin 哈爾濱 /哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn), both ultimately from Manchu ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ (harbin, literally “drying fishnets”).

der

Harbin (a prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China)


ナイジャ

From English Niger. Doublet of ニジェール (Nijēru).


ニジェール共和国

ja-pos

ニジェール きょうわこく

ニジェール共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Nijēru Kyōwakoku)

ニジェール共和国 (canonical)
Nijēru Kyōwakoku (romanization)

ニジェール (Nijēru, “Niger”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

com

Republic of the Niger
Republic of the Niger


昴宿

(Chinese astronomy) the Hairy Head constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions, corresponds to the Pleiades in English.


フランケンシュタイン

ヴィクター・フランケンシュタイン

フランケンシュタインの怪物

ja:フランケンシュタイン


麻姑

(Chinese mythology) Magu (nymph in Chinese mythology)


ボカロ

⇒ Chinese: 术力口 (Shùlìkǒu)

ボーカロイド ボーカロイド#Japanese


マグダラのマリア

ja-pos

^マグダラ の ^マリア

マグダラ (Magudara, “Magdala”) + の (no, “'s”) + マリア (Maria, “Mary”), calque of Latin Maria Magdalena.


シッダールタ

Borrowed from Sanskrit सिद्धार्थ (siddhārtha).

Hikaru Nakamura, “その89(はちじゅうきゅう) ママ友(とも)会(かい)in(イン)立(たち)川(かわ) [Chapter 89: Moms’ club in Tachikawa]”, in [聖](セイント)☆おにいさん [Saint☆Young Men], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha:

あら シッダールタ 久しぶりね 息子よ


伏見宮

伏見宮 (canonical)
Fushimi-no-miya (romanization)

From 伏見 (Fushimi, a placename in Kyoto) + の (no, possessive particle) + 宮 (miya, “imperial family member”).

affix

a cadet branch of the imperial family of Japan


揚羽

Compound of 揚(あ)げ (age, “raising”) + 羽(は) (ha, “feather”)

ja-compound

a neighbourhood of Chikusaku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan


鈴蘭

Compound of 鈴(すず) (suzu, “bell”) + 蘭(ラン) (ran, “orchid”).


鈴蘭

ja-pos

鈴蘭(すずか) or 鈴蘭(すずら) or 鈴蘭(りら) or 鈴蘭(りらん) or 鈴蘭(りりか) or 鈴蘭(りんか) or 鈴蘭(りんらん) or 鈴蘭(れいら) or 鈴蘭(れいらん) • (Suzuka or Suzura or Rira or Riran or Ririka or Rinka or Rinran or Reira or Reiran)

鈴蘭 (canonical)
鈴蘭 (canonical)
鈴蘭 (canonical)
鈴蘭 (canonical)
鈴蘭 (canonical)
鈴蘭 (canonical)
鈴蘭 (canonical)
鈴蘭 (canonical)
Suzuka (romanization)
Suzura (romanization)
Rira (romanization)
Riran (romanization)
Ririka (romanization)
Rinka (romanization)
Rinran (romanization)
Reira (romanization)
Reiran (romanization)
りらんれいらん (hiragana)


ショパン

A transliteration of the French surname Chopin


イリュリア

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

(historical) Illyria (a vaguely-defined geographic region in Southeast Europe in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, approximately coincident with modern Albania)

(historical) Illyria, Illyricum (a much larger former province of the Roman Empire, covering the whole of Dalmatia and Pannonia, existing from 27 BC to c. 70 AD and reconstituted in 293 AD by Diocletian)


南ア

南アフリカ 南アフリカ#Japanese

contraction of 南アフリカ (Minami Afurika): South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


ジパング

From Italian Zipangu, Marco Polo's rendition of the toponym.


グリーンピース

グリーンピース • (Gurīnpīsu)

wp

グリーンピース (NGO)

1997, Nihon Kankyō Kaigi, Ajia kankyō hakusho 1997/98 [1997/98 Asia environmental white paper], page 67:

There are currently no organizations with scope similar to IUCN, WWF, WRI, or Greenpeace among international NGOs based in Asian countries.

ＩＵＣＮ、ＷＷＦ、ＷＲＩ、またはグリーンピースのような組織と同様の意味において、現在、アジアの国々に基盤を置く国際的なＮＧＯはない。

Ai-Yū-Shī-Enu, Daburu-Daburu-Efu, Daburu-Aru-Ai, mata wa Gurīnpīsu no yō na soshiki to dōyō no imi ni oite, genzai, ajia no kuniguni ni kiban o oku kokusaiteki na enujīō wa nai.

2006 January 20, “Gurīnpīsu, kujira no shigai hakobi hantai [Greenpeace, protest staged with whale carcass]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 27:

On the 18th Greenpeace, an international environmental group that opposes Japan’s research whaling, displayed a dead 17-meter-long fin whale in front of the Japanese Embassy in Berlin and appealed to “stop senseless whaling”.

日本の調査捕鯨に反対する国際環境保護団体グリーンピースは18日、ベルリンの日本大使館前に体長17メートルの死んだナガスクジラを運び込み、「無意味な捕鯨を中止しろ」と訴えた。

Nihon no chōsa hogei ni hantai suru kokusai kankyō hogo dantai Gurīnpīsu wa jūhachinichi, Berurin no Nihon Taishikan mae ni taichō jūnana mētoru no shinda nagasu kujira o hakobikomi, “muimi na hogei o chūshi shiro” to uttaeta.

2020 August 26, “Mōrishasu: ōgata kamotsusen zashō-sen zenbu o umi-botsu shobun kōbu wa genchi kaitai e [Mauritius: Grounded large cargo ship, forward portion to be sunk, rear portion dismantled]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 24:

The environmental group Greenpeace commented in a statement on the 19th, “Toxic heavy metals can pollute the ocean and endanger biodiversity.”

環境保護団体グリーンピースは19日の声明で「重金属の有害物質が海を汚染し、生物多様性を危険にさらしかねない」と批判していた。

Kankyō hogo dantai Gurīnpīsu wa jūkyūnichi no seimei de “jūkinzoku no yūgai busshitsu ga umi o osen shi, seibutsu tayōsei o kiken ni sarashi kanenai” to hihan shite-ita.


天馬

English: Tenma


天馬

天 (“sky”) + 馬 (“horse”). From Ancient Greek Πήγασος (Pḗgasos), and associated with the term sky horse.

(Greek mythology) The Pegasus winged horse


約束の地

約束の地 (canonical)
Yakusoku no Chi (romanization)

約束 (yakusoku, “promise”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 地 (chi, “land”)

af

1999 September 16, Motohiro Katou, “ヤコブの階(かい)段(だん) [Jacob’s Stairway]”, in Ｑ.(キュー)Ｅ.(イー)Ｄ.(ディー) 証(しょう)明(めい)終(しゅう)了(りょう) [Q.E.D.: Quod Erat Demonstrandum], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 184:

Jacob took God’s words and set out in search of the “Promised Land”, of themselves, of fertile soil‥‥

ヤコブは神の言葉を受け「約束の地」を探して旅立った 自分達を 繁栄させる土地を‥‥

Yakobu wa Kami no kotoba o uke “Yakusoku no Chi” o sagashite tabidatta jibuntachi o han'ei saseru tochi o‥‥

(Judaism, Christianity) the Promised Land


邪馬台国

邪馬台国 (canonical)
Yamataikoku (romanization)


邪馬台国

邪馬台国 (canonical)
Yabataikoku (romanization)


南阿

dated spelling of 南ア (Nan'a, “South Africa (a country)”)


フランドル

[ɸɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞ɾɯ̟]

administrative region
administrative region

Flanders (a historical region and modern administrative region in the north of Belgium, consisting of the Dutch-speaking area of Belgium)

Flanders (a historical county and cultural region of Western Europe, at its maximum covering most of Belgium, parts of northeast France, and a corner of the Netherlands; in full, County of Flanders)

Flanders (two provinces in Belgian Flanders, West Flanders and East Flanders)


フラマン語

フラマン語 (canonical)
Furaman-go (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ɾa̠ma̠ŋ ɡo̞]

From French flamand + 語 (-go, “language”).


エレボス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἔρεβος (Érebos)


アイテール

ja-pos

アイテール • (Aitēru)

[a̠ite̞ːɾɯ̟]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Αἰθήρ (Aithḗr)


アイテル

アイテール アイテール#Japanese

alternative form of アイテール (Aitēru, “Aether”)

A transliteration of the German surname Eitel


リメリック

リムリック リムリック#Japanese

alternative form of リムリック (Rimurikku, “Limerick”)


ピサの斜塔

ピサの斜塔 (canonical)
Pisa no Shatō (romanization)

ピサ (“Pisa”) + の (no, attributive/possessive particle) + 斜 (sha, “slanted”) + 塔 (tō, “tower”)

af

Leaning Tower of Pisa
Leaning Tower of Pisa


ヒポクラテス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἱπποκράτης (Hippokrátēs)


ヒッポクラテース

ヒポクラテス ヒポクラテス#Japanese

alternative form of ヒポクラテス (Hipokuratesu, “Hippocrates”)


西王母

ja-pos

西(せい)王(おう)母(ぼ) • (Seiōbo) ^(←せいわうぼ (Seiwaubo)?)

西(さい)王(おう)母(ぼ) • (Saiōbo) ^(←さいわうぼ (Saiwaubo)?)

西王母 • ^ (canonical)
西王母 (canonical)
Seiōbo (romanization)
Seiwaubo (romanization)
Saiōbo (romanization)
Saiwaubo (romanization)
せいわうぼ (hiragana historical)
さいわうぼ (hiragana historical)

(Chinese religion, Chinese mythology) Queen Mother of the West (goddess)


ジブラルタル

[d͡ʑibɯ̟ɾa̠ɾɯ̟ta̠ɾɯ̟]

Gibraltar (a peninsula, city, and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, at the southern end of Iberia)

Strait of Gibraltar
Strait of Gibraltar#English

Gibraltar, Strait of Gibraltar (a strait connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic between Gibraltar and Morocco; in full, Strait of Gibraltar)


トカラ語

トカラ語 (canonical)
Tokara-go (romanization)


トッテナム

Tottenham (a suburban area in northern London)


唐土

Compound of 唐 (Tō, “Tang dynasty; China”) + 土 (do, “earth; land”), literally “Tang (dynasty)'s land”.


スコットランドヤード

…命(いのち)の価(か)値(ち)は同(おな)じであるはずなのに 誰(だれ)しもが平(びょう)等(どう)に幸(しあわ)せになる権(けん)利(り)があるはずなのに この国(くに)にはそれが無(な)い…人(ひと)々(びと)に呪(のろ)いをかける階(かい)級(きゅう)制(せい)度(ど) それにより人(ひと)の心(こころ)は汚(よご)れ歪(ゆが)み悪(あく)魔(ま)が生(う)まれる…ならばその逆(ぎゃく)も然(しか)り 悪(あく)魔(ま)が消(き)え去(さ)れば人(ひと)の心(こころ)は澄(す)み渡(わた)り呪(のろ)いは解(と)ける この国(くに)はきっと美(うつく)しい…ロンドン警視庁(スコットランド・ヤード)に通(つう)報(ほう)しますか？あなたは貴(き)族(ぞく)だから そんなものは見(み)てみたいとも思(おも)いませんか？

Takeuchi, Ryōsuke with Miyoshi, Hikaru, “＃１｜緋(ひ)色(いろ)の瞳(ひとみ)(Ｔｈｅ Ｓｃａｒｌｅｔ Ｅｙｅｓ) [#1|The Scarlet Eyes]”, in 憂国のモリアーティ(Ｍｏｒｉａｒｔｙ ｔｈｅ Ｐａｔｒｉｏｔ) [Moriarty the Patriot], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, pages 66–67:

…All lives ought to be equal, and everyone ought to have an equal right to happiness. But none of those are true in this country… People are cursed by the class system. As a result, their hearts are tainted, and demons are born …If the converse is true, if demons are gone, people’s hearts will be cleansed, the curse will be broken, and this country will absolutely be beautiful …Are you going to report to Scotland Yard? A noble like you would never want to see such a prospect, would you?

…Inochi no kachi wa onaji de aru hazu na noni dare shimo byōdō ni shiawase ni naru kenri ga aru hazu na noni Kono kuni ni wa sore ga nai… Hitobito ni noroi o kakeru kaikyū seido. Sore ni yori hito no kokoro wa yogore yugami akuma ga umareru …Naraba sono gyaku mo shikari akuma ga kiesareba hito no kokoro wa sumiwatari noroi wa tokeru kono kuni wa kitto utsukushii …Sukottorando Yādo ni tsūhō shimasu ka? Anata wa kizoku dakara sonna mono wa mite mitai to mo omoimasen ka?

ja:スコットランドヤード


スコットランド・ヤード

スコットランドヤード スコットランドヤード#Japanese

alternative spelling of スコットランドヤード (“Scotland Yard”)


浄瑠璃

ja-pos

浄(じょう)瑠(る)璃(り) • (Jōruri) ^(←じやうるり (Zyaururi)?)

浄瑠璃 (canonical)
Jōruri (romanization)
Zyaururi (romanization)
じやうるり (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑo̞ːɾɯ̟ɾʲi]

The "narrative music" sense is derived from 浄瑠璃姫 (Jōruri-hime), the name of a rich man's daughter from 浄瑠璃物語 (Jōruri monogatari), expanded to mean a form of music based on the ballad drama.

a manifestation of 薬師如来 (Yakushi Nyorai, “Bhaiṣajyaguru-tathāgata”)


シャーロッツヴィル

シャーロッツビル シャーロッツビル#Japanese

alternative form of シャーロッツビル (Shārottsubiru, “Charlottesville”)


ドナルド

ドナルド・トランプ

ドナルド・マクドナルド


ムンバイ

Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


コルカタ

Kolkata (the capital city of West Bengal, India)


イスタンブール

[isɨ̥tã̠mbɯ̟ːɾɯ̟]

Istanbul (a city and province of Turkey)


デリー

デリー • (Derī)

Borrowing from English Delhi, ultimately from Urdu دہلی (dihlī, dehlī).

Delhi (a megacity and union territory of India, containing the national capital New Delhi)


デリー

デリー • (Derī)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English


アステカ

Borrowed from Spanish azteca, from Classical Nahuatl aztēcah, plural of aztēcatl (“inhabitant of Aztlan”).


シュメール

Via English Sumer, ultimately from Akkadian 𒋗𒈨𒊒 (Šumeru).

Sumer (a historical region occupied by the earliest known ancient civilization of the ancient Near East (4th to 3rd millennia BC), located in lower Mesopotamia in modern southern Iraq)


メソポタミア

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)

(historical) Mesopotamia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD)


スーフィズム

[sɨːɸʲizɨmɯ̟]

From English Sufism, from Arabic صُوفِيّ (ṣūfiyy, “Sufi”).


アウグストゥス

[a̠ɯ̟ɡɯ̟sɨ̥tɯ̟sɨ]


ナチス・ドイツ

ナチス (Nachisu, “Nazi”) + ドイツ (Doitsu, “Germany”)


玉皇大帝

ja-pos

玉(ぎょく)皇(こう)大(たい)帝(てい) • (Gyokukō Taitei)

玉皇大帝 (canonical)
Gyokukō Taitei (romanization)


アディスアベバ

Variant of アジスアベバ (Ajisuabeba), from Amharic አዲስ አበባ (ʾädis ʾäbäba), perhaps affected by Latin alphabet spelling.


新徴組

新徴組 (canonical)
Shinchōgumi (romanization)

(history) the Shinchōgumi (samurai guards of the Edo Shogunate)


般若心経

^はんにゃ ^しんぎょう

般(はん)若(にゃ)心(しん)経(ぎょう) • (Hannya Shingyō) ^(←はんにやしんぎやう (Fannyasingyau)?)

般若心経 (canonical)
Hannya Shingyō (romanization)
Fannyasingyau (romanization)
はんにやしんぎやう (hiragana historical)

Short form of 般若波羅蜜多心経 (Hannya Haramitta Shingyō).

観自在菩薩。行深般若波羅蜜多時。照見五蘊皆空。度一切苦厄。舎利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識亦復如是...

Kanjizai Bosatsu, gyō jin hannya haramitta ji, shōken goun kai kū, do issai kuyaku. Sharishi, shiki fu i kū, kū fu i shiki. Shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki. Ju-sō-gyō-shiki yaku bu nyoze...

Avalokiteśvara, who helps all to awaken, moves in the deep course of realizing wisdom beyond wisdom, sees that all five streams of body, heart, and mind are without boundary, and frees all from anguish. O Sariputra, [who listens to the teachings of the Buddha], form is not separate from boundlessness; boundlessness is not separate from form. Form is boundlessness; boundlessness is form. Feelings, perceptions, inclinations, and discernment are also like this.

(Buddhism) the Heart Sutra, Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdaya Sūtra:


中近東

[t͡ɕɨːkʲĩnto̞ː]

Near and Middle East
Near and Middle East

A collective name for the Middle East and Near East. The Near and Middle East.


冬の大三角

^ふゆ の ^だいさんかく

冬(ふゆ)の大(だい)三(さん)角(かく) • (Fuyu no Daisankaku)

冬の大三角 (canonical)
Fuyu no Daisankaku (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟jɯ̟ no̞ da̠isã̠ŋka̠kɯ̟]

冬の大三角形 冬の大三角形#Japanese


夏の大三角

^なつ の ^だいさんかく

夏(なつ)の大(だい)三(さん)角(かく) • (Natsu no Daisankaku)

夏の大三角 (canonical)
Natsu no Daisankaku (romanization)

夏の大三角形 夏の大三角形#Japanese


金田一

金田一 (canonical)
Kindaichi (romanization)


六本木

[ɾo̞p̚põ̞ŋʲɡʲi]

Literally "six trees", generally considered to be in reference to six old zelkovas that used to stand in the area.


獣の数字

獣の数字 (canonical)
Kemono no Sūji (romanization)

獣 (kemono, “beast”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 数字 (sūji, “number”)


千秋楽

ja-pos

千(せん)秋(しゅう)楽(らく) • (Senshūraku) ^(←せんしうらく (Sensiuraku)?)

千秋楽 (canonical)
Senshūraku (romanization)
Sensiuraku (romanization)
せんしうらく (hiragana historical)

[sẽ̞ɰ̃ɕɨːɾa̠kɯ̟]

Compound of 千秋(せんしゅう) (senshū, “thousand years, millennium”, literally “thousand autumns”) + 楽(らく) (raku, “comfort, ease”). The noun senses are derived from the gagaku work, which was originally played to mark the enthronement of Emperor Go-Sanjō in the mid-11th century.
The alternative spelling 千穐楽 is mostly used in the context of theatre, due to superstitions based on the kanji 秋 (“autumn”) containing 火 (“fire”); therefore 亀 (“turtle”) was substituted with a more auspicious connotation.

ja-compound

a Tang-style 雅楽 (gagaku, “medieval Japanese court music”) written in 盤渉調 (banshiki-chō) with no dancing

the finale of 高砂 (Takasago, a noh play), depicting a traditional Japanese wedding ceremony


五星紅旗

五星紅旗 (canonical)
Gosei Kōki (romanization)

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

Five-star Red Flag, the flag of the People's Republic of China


小夜

From Old Japanese. Compound of さ (sa-, prefix meaning "early" or "small", or meaningless) + 夜(よ) (yo, “night”)
The use of 小 in the spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).


南シナ海

南シナ海 (canonical)
Minami Shina-kai (romanization)

南 (minami, “south”) + シナ (Shina, “China”) + 海 (kai, “sea”).


新沖縄文字

ja-pos

新(しん)沖(おき)縄(なわ)文(も)字(じ) • (Shin Okinawa Moji)

A kana-based orthography for Okinawan, invented by Yoshiaki FUNAZU, notably including new hiragana ligatures to suit Okinawan phonology.


海原

⟨unapara⟩ → */unaɸara/ → /unabara/
Originally a compound of 海 (u, compounding form of umi, “sea, ocean”) + な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle, apophonic form of の (no)) + 原 (para, “plain, field”).
The shift to bara occurred in Middle Japanese, an instance of rendaku (連濁).


海原

ja-pos

海(かい)原(わら) • (Kaiwara) ^(←かいはら (Kaifara)?)

海原 (canonical)
Kaiwara (romanization)
Kaifara (romanization)
かいはら (hiragana historical)

Compound of 海 (kai, “sea, ocean”, the on'yomi or Chinese-derived reading) + 原 (hara, “plain, field”, the kun'yomi or native Japanese reading). The shift of medial /h/ to /w/ is a regular sound change in certain compounds.


ピカソ

A transliteration of the Spanish surname Picasso


子規

short for 正岡子規 (Masaoka Shiki): Meiji-period author, poet, and literary critic


スメルシュ

[sɨme̞ɾɯ̟ɕɨ]

SMERSH (WWII-era Russian counter-intelligence organisation)


スメルシ

[sɨme̞ɾɯ̟ɕi]

スメルシュ スメルシュ#Japanese


VOCALOID

VOCALOID (canonical)
Bōkaroido (romanization)

VOCALOID (the singing voice synthesizer engine/software developed by YAMAHA, which has gathered a substantial online following since 2007)


千手観音

ja-pos

千(せん)手(じゅ)観(かん)音(のん) • (Senju Kannon) ^(←せんじゆくわんおん (Senzyukwan'on)?)

千手観音 (canonical)
Senju Kannon (romanization)
Senzyukwan'on (romanization)
せんじゆくわんおん (hiragana historical)

[sẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨ kã̠nːõ̞ɴ]

千 (sen, “thousand”) + 手 (shu, “hand”) + 観音 (Kannon), calque of Sanskrit सहस्रभुजार्यावलोकितेश्वर (sahasrabhujāryāvalokiteśvara). The shu reading for 手 changes to ju as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The on reading for 音 changes to non as an instance of renjō (連声).

cal

सहस्रभुजार्यावलोकितेश्वर

ja-renjō

(Buddhism) the Thousand-Handed Bodhisattva


千鳥

ja:チドリ科 ja:千鳥


みお

未緒, 零, 美緒, 実生, 視音, 美桜: a female given name


澪標

ja-pos

澪(みお)標(つくし) • (Miotsukushi) ^(←みをつくし (Miwotukusi)?)

澪標 (canonical)
Miotsukushi (romanization)
Miwotukusi (romanization)
みをつくし (hiragana historical)

Daijisen
Day beacon
Dolphin (structure)
Meiji period
daybeacon
ja:松村明
ja:澪標

Compound of 澪(みお) (mio, “water channel”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 串(くし) (kushi, “skewer”).
Also encountered with the reading miozukushi. The tsukushi changes to zukushi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Notably, different publishers of the same historical texts appear to alternate between the miotsukushi and miojirushi readings, possibly due to historical or dialectal differences.

ja-compound

the fourteenth chapter of The Tale of Genji


ヨルムンガンド

[jo̞ɾɯ̟mɯ̟̃ŋɡã̠ndo̞]

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Jǫrmungandr


衛門

衛門 (canonical)
Emon (romanization)
Wemon (romanization)
ゑもん (hiragana historical)

clipping of 右衛門府 (Uemonfu, “Right Gate Guard”)


衛門府

ja-pos

衛(え)門(もん)府(ふ) • (Emonfu) ^(←ゑもんふ (Wemonfu)?)

衛門府 (canonical)
Emonfu (romanization)
Wemonfu (romanization)
ゑもんふ (hiragana historical)

[e̞mõ̞ɰ̃ɸɯ̟]

(history, government) a 律令 (ritsuryō) department/position that's responsible for guarding, opening and closing the imperial gate


右衛門府

右(う)衛(え)門(もん)府(ふ) • (Uemonfu) ^(←うゑもんふ (Uwemonfu)?)

右衛門府 (canonical)
Uemonfu (romanization)
Uwemonfu (romanization)
うゑもんふ (hiragana historical)

右 (u-, “right; junior”) + 衛門府 (Emonfu, “gate guard”)

pre

(history, government) the junior/lesser Emonfu


左衛門府

ja-pos

左(さ)衛(え)門(もん)府(ふ) • (Saemonfu) ^(←さゑもんふ (Sawemonfu)?)

左衛門府 (canonical)
Saemonfu (romanization)
Sawemonfu (romanization)
さゑもんふ (hiragana historical)

左 (sa-, “left; senior”) + 衛門府 (Emonfu, “gate guard”)

pre

(history, government) the senior/greater Emonfu


左衛門

ja-pos

左(さ)衛(え)門(もん) • (Saemon) ^(←さゑもん (Sawemon)?)

左衛門 (canonical)
Saemon (romanization)
Sawemon (romanization)
さゑもん (hiragana historical)


メリケン

[me̞ɾʲikẽ̞ɴ]


心経

心(しん)経(ぎょう) • (Shingyō) ^(←しんぎやう (Singyau)?)

心経 (canonical)
Shingyō (romanization)
Singyau (romanization)
しんぎやう (hiragana historical)

Shorter form of 般若波羅蜜多心経 (Hannya Haramitta Shingyō).

(Buddhism) short for 般若心経 (Hannya Shingyō): the Heart Sutra (Sutra of the Heart of Prajnaparamita)


般若波羅蜜多心経

はんにゃ はらみった しんぎょう

^はんにや ^はらみつた ^しんぎやう

般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た)心(しん)経(ぎょう) • (Hannya Haramitta Shingyō) ^(←はんにやはらみつたしんぎやう (Fannya Faramituta Singyau)?)

般%若%波%羅%蜜%多%心%経

はん%にゃ% は%ら%み%た% しん%ぎょう

^はんにゃ ^はらみた ^しんぎょう

般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(み)多(た)心(しん)経(ぎょう) • (Hannya Haramita Shingyō) ^(←はんにゃはらみたしんぎょう (Fannya Faramita Singyou)?)

般若波羅蜜多心経 • ^ (canonical)
般若波羅蜜多心経 (canonical)
Hannya Haramitta Shingyō (romanization)
Fannya Faramituta Singyau (romanization)
Hannya Haramita Shingyō (romanization)
Fannya Faramita Singyou (romanization)
はんにやはらみつたしんぎやう (hiragana historical)
はんにゃはらみたしんぎょう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 般若波羅蜜多心經 (MC paen nyaeX pa la mjit ta sim keng), itself a calque of Sanskrit प्रज्ञापारमिता हृदय सूत्र (Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya Sūtra).
From 般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(みっ)多(た) (hannya haramitta, “Perfection of Wisdom”) + 心(しん) (shin, “heart”) + 経(きょう) (kyō, “sutra”).

der

はんにやはらみつたしんきよう

calque

प्रज्ञापारमिता हृदय सूत्र

ja-compound

はん%にゃ% は%ら%みっ%た

(Buddhism) the Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra


ベツレヘム

Betsurehemu (romanization)
ワィフレエム (alternative)


アフラ・マズダー

[a̠ɸɯ̟ɾa̠ ma̠zɨda̠ː]


冷たい戦争

ja-pos

冷(つめ)たい戦(せん)争(そう) • (Tsumetai Sensō) ^(←つめたいせんさう (Tumetaisensau)?)

冷たい戦争 (canonical)
Tsumetai Sensō (romanization)
Tumetaisensau (romanization)
つめたいせんさう (hiragana historical)

冷たい (tsumetai, “cold”) + 戦争 (sensō, “war”)


東郷

ja-pos

東(とう)郷(ごう) • (Tōgō)

Tōgō (a town in Aichi district, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

Tōgō (a former town in Satsuma district, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, now part of the city of Satsumasendai)

Tōgō (a former town in Higashiusuki district, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, now part of the city of Hyūga)

Tōgō (a former town in Tōhaku district, Tottori Prefecture, Japan, now part of the town of Yurihama)

Tōgō (a brackish lake in the town of Yurihama, Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


ヴァルハラ

[ba̠ɾɯ̟ha̠ɾa̠]


インマヌエル

[ĩmːa̠nɯ̟e̞ɾɯ̟]


イスラエル国

イスラエル国 (canonical)
Isuraerukoku (romanization)

[isɨɾa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ko̞kɯ̟]

From イスラエル (Isuraeru, “Israel”) + 国 (-koku, “state”).

suf

State of Israel
State of Israel#English:_Q801

State of Israel (official name of Israel: a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


ヨエル

ヨエル書


メントール

[mẽ̞nto̞ːɾɯ̟]


たいほう

ja-pos

たいほう • (Taihō)


山桐

山桐(やまきり) or 山(やま)桐(ぎり) • (Yamakiri or Yamagiri)

山桐 (canonical)
山桐 (canonical)
Yamakiri (romanization)
Yamagiri (romanization)

Compound of 山(やま) (yama, “mountain”) + 桐(キリ) (kiri, “paulownia”).
The kiri changes to giri as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


ティフリス

Tbilisi (the capital city of the country of Georgia)


チェルノブイリ

[t͡ɕe̞ɾɯ̟no̞bɯ̟iɾʲi]


下忍

下(しも) (shimo, “lower”) + 名乗り (nanori, “name reading”) of 忍(おし) (oshi).

A place name; especially, the name of two villages in Saitama Prefecture.


ヨエンスー

ja-pos

ヨエンスー • (Yoensū)


ロヴァニエミ

Finnish Rovaniemi (literally “cape of forested eskers”)

bor

Rovaniemi (a city and municipality of Lapland, Finland)


エスポー

ja-pos

エスポー • (Esupō)


翌檜

Shortened from 明日は檜になろう (asu wa hinoki ni narō, literally “tomorrow [the asunaro] will become a hinoki cypress”), a blend/compound of 明日 (asu, “tomorrow”) + なろう (narō, volitional form of verb なる (naru), to “become”).
The kanji spelling is literally "next (day) + hinoki cypress".

blend

volitional form of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">なる</i> (naru), to “become”


紫式部

紫式部 (canonical)
Murasaki Shikibu (romanization)

Murasaki is from the color of the 藤 (fuji, “Wisteria floribunda”), hinting the novelist's connection to the 藤原 (Fujiwara) clan; while Shikibu refers to the 式部省 (Shikibu-shō, “Ministry of Ceremonial Affairs”).
The beautyberry sense is named in honor of the novelist. Alternatively, shikibu might be a corruption of 敷き実 (shikimi, literally “spread out fruits”).

めぐりあひて見しやそれともわかぬ間に雲隠れにし夜半の月かな
meguri-aite mishi ya soretomo wakanu ma ni kumogakurenishi yowa no tsuki kana
Just like the moon, you had come and gone before I knew it. Were you, too, hiding among the midnight clouds?
[Note: Adapted from Shin Kokin Wakashū (book 16, poem 1499) with the last line originally 夜半の月影 (...yowa no tsukikage, “Just like the moonlight... hiding among the midnight clouds.”).]

c. early- to mid-13th century, Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (poem 57 by Murasaki Shikibu)

Heian-period novelist, poet, and lady-in-waiting; famous for authoring The Tale of Genji

紫式部集

Murasaki Shikibu-shū, privately-collected poems of Murasaki Shikibu


ユグドラシル

[jɯ̟ɡɯ̟do̞ɾa̠ɕiɾɯ̟]


邪馬台

ja-pos

邪(や)馬(ま)台(たい) or 邪(や)馬(ば)台(たい) • (Yamatai or Yabatai)

邪馬台 (canonical)
邪馬台 (canonical)
Yamatai (romanization)
Yabatai (romanization)

From Middle Chinese 邪馬台 (MC *yae maeX doj), which appeared in Chinese records, particularly the 三国志 (Sangokushi, “Records of the Three Kingdoms”), wherein 邪馬臺 (possibly pronounced *ja-maᴮ-də̂ in Eastern Han Chinese) transliterated Old Japanese 大和 (Yamato₂), from Proto-Japonic *yamatə.
Usually pronounced with a plosive, as Yabatai.

(historical) short for 邪馬台国 (Yamatai-koku): Yamatai

Eastern Han Chinese
Records of the Three Kingdoms


嵯峨

a surname derived from a place name in Kyoto.

an area names in Ukyō-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture


白蓮教

白蓮教 (canonical)
Byakurenkyō (romanization)

[bʲa̠kɯ̟ɾẽ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ː]

(historical, religion) White Lotus (a religious and political movement that originated in China in the late 13th century)


アマゾーン

アマゾーン • (Amazōn)

[a̠ma̠zõ̞ːɴ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀμαζών sg (Amazṓn, “Amazon”)


五十鈴

五十鈴 (canonical)
五十鈴 (canonical)
Isuzu (romanization)

Compound of 五十 (i-, “fifty”, combining form) + 鈴 (suzu, “bell”).

com

Japanese cruiser Isuzu
w:Japanese cruiser Isuzu

a Nagara-class cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II (see Japanese cruiser Isuzu on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)

a placename, especially of a river in Mie Prefecture and of a village in the city of Yamagata in Yamagata Prefecture


いすず

五鈴, 唯鈴, 乙涼, 依紗, 依涼, 衣鈴, 伊紗, 伊鈴: a female given name

幾鈴, 威涼, 以寿々, 以須寿, 委須寿, 惟須寿, 意寿々, 意須寿: a female given name

伊寿々, 伊須寿, 伊鈴々, 維須寿, 依須寿, 衣寿々, 衣十鈴, 衣須寿: a female given name

いすゞ自動車 いすゞ自動車#Japanese


千早振る

千早振る (canonical)
Chihayaburu (romanization)

[t͡ɕiha̠ja̠bɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

From Old Japanese.
The 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of classical verb 千早ぶ (chihayabu, “to move or act ferociously, with terrible godly power”).

from the interpretation of the chihayaburu poem by Ariwara no Narihira (Kokin Wakashū, book 5, poem 294; Hyakunin Isshu, poem 17) as symbolic of hardships

from the first line of the poem: 千早振る卯月八日は... (chihayaburu uzuki yōka wa...)

synonym of 千早の歌 (Chihaya no uta): a poem used as an insect repellent


足垂れ星

足垂れ星 (canonical)
Ashitareboshi (romanization)

足 (ashi, “feet”) + 垂れ (tare, “hanging”) + 星 (hoshi, “star”)


たき

たき (canonical)
タキ (canonical)
Taki (romanization)

高城, 多伎, 多喜, 多岐, 多幾, 多気, 多紀, 多記: a surname

多木, 多氣, 太記, 太希, 太記, 太木, 只木, 但木: a surname

多伎, 多喜, 多希, 多季, 多紀, 多輝, 多樹, 多生: a female given name

多来, 多綺, 太希, 汰樹, 田己, 田姫: a female given name