水尾

水尾 (canonical)
Mio (romanization)
Miwo (romanization)
みを (hiragana historical)


水尾

ja-pos

水(みずの)尾(お) • (Mizunoo) ^(←みづのを (Midunowo)?)

水尾 (canonical)
Suibi (romanization)
水尾 (canonical)
Mizuo (romanization)
Midwo (romanization)
みづを (hiragana historical)
水尾 (canonical)
Mizunoo (romanization)
Midunowo (romanization)
みづのを (hiragana historical)


水上

水(みず)上(かみ) • (Mizukami) ^(←みづかみ (Midukami)?)

水上 (canonical)
Mizukami (romanization)
Midukami (romanization)
みづかみ (hiragana historical)


水口

水(みず)口(ぐち) • (Mizuguchi) ^(←みづぐち (Miduguti)?)

水口 (canonical)
Mizuguchi (romanization)
Miduguti (romanization)
みづぐち (hiragana historical)

[mʲizɨɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[mʲiɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]


水口

[mʲizɨɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[mʲiɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]


水口

[mʲizɨɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[mʲiɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]


水口

[mʲizɨɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[mʲiɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]


水口

[mʲizɨɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[mʲiɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]


水口

[mʲizɨɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[mʲiɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]


水口

[mʲizɨɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]

[mʲiɡɯ̟t͡ɕi]


水原

水(みず)原(はら) • (Mizuhara) ^(←みづはら (Midufara)?)

水原 (canonical)
Mizuhara (romanization)
Midufara (romanization)
みづはら (hiragana historical)


水原

水(すい)原(げん) • (Suigen) ^(←すいげん (Suigen)?)

水原 (canonical)
Suigen (romanization)
すいげん (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 수원(水原) (suwon).


三井

三井 (canonical)
Mitsui (romanization)
Mitwi (romanization)
みつゐ (hiragana historical)


三井

三井 (canonical)
Mī (romanization)
Miwi (romanization)
みゐ (hiragana historical)


三橋

三橋 (canonical)
Mitsuhashi (romanization)


三ツ俣

三ツ俣 (canonical)
Mitsumata (romanization)


皆川

ja-pos

皆(みな)川(がわ) • (Minagawa) ^(←みながは (Minagafa)?)

皆川 (canonical)
Minagawa (romanization)
Minagafa (romanization)
みながは (hiragana historical)


湊川

湊川 (canonical)
Minatogawa (romanization)


真一郎

真一郎 (canonical)
Shin'ichirō (romanization)


南渕

南渕 (canonical)
Minamibuchi (romanization)


南村

南村 (canonical)
Minamimura (romanization)


侑広

侑(ゆき)広(ひろ) or 侑(ゆう)広(こう) • (Yukihiro or Yūkō)

侑広 (canonical)
侑広 (canonical)
Yukihiro (romanization)
Yūkō (romanization)


南牟礼

南牟礼 (canonical)
Minamimure (romanization)


三原

Mihara (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


三平

三(み)平(ひら) or 三(みつ)平(ひら) • (Mihira or Mitsuhira)

三平 (canonical)
Sanpei (romanization)
三平 (canonical)
三平 (canonical)
Mihira (romanization)
Mitsuhira (romanization)


南都

From Middle Chinese elements 南 (nan, “south, southern”) + 都 (to, “capital city”).

com

referring to 平安京 as the northern capital

synonym of 平城京 (Heijō-kyō): the capital of ancient Japan during most of the Nara period

平城京

synonym of 興福寺 (Kōfuku-ji): Kōfuku-ji Temple in Nara, as it is located opposite of the northern peak of Enryaku-ji and Mount Hiei


なんと

南都: alternate name for Heijōkyō, the capital of Japan during the Nara period. Nanto ("southern capital") is used in contrast with Hokuto ("Northern capital"), an alternate name for Heiankyō.


平城京

ja-pos

平(へい)城(じょう)京(きょう) • (Heijō-kyō) ^(←へいじやうきやう (Feizyau-kyau)?)

平(へい)城(ぜい)京(きょう) • (Heizei-kyō) ^(←へいぜいきやう (Feizei-kyau)?)

平城京 • ^ (canonical)
平城京 (canonical)
Heijō-kyō (romanization)
Feizyau-kyau (romanization)
Heizei-kyō (romanization)
Feizei-kyau (romanization)
へいじやうきやう (hiragana historical)
へいぜいきやう (hiragana historical)

Likely a rewording of 奈良の都 (Nara no miyako, literally “Nara capital”); with 平城 (Heijō, Heizei) and 京 (kyō) being alternative spellings of 奈良 (Nara) and 都 (miyako), respectively.

(historical) Nara, as the capital of ancient Japan during most of the Nara period


美馬

Mima (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


宮内

clipping of 宮内省 (Kunaishō, “Ministry of the Imperial Household”)


宮崎

宮(みや)崎(ざき) • (Miyazaki) ^(←みやざき (Miyazaki)?)

宮崎 (canonical)
Miyazaki (romanization)
みやざき (hiragana historical)

Miyazaki (the capital city of Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan)

Miyazaki (a prefecture in south eastern Kyushu, Japan)


宮崎

宮(みや)崎(さき) • (Miyasaki) ^(←みやさき (Miyasaki)?)

宮崎 (canonical)
Miyasaki (romanization)
みやさき (hiragana historical)


昌己

昌(まさ)己(み) or 昌(まさ)己(き) • (Masami or Masaki)

昌己 (canonical)
昌己 (canonical)
Masami (romanization)
Masaki (romanization)


宮本

宮本武蔵

宮本茂


三好

Miyoshi (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


潤一郎

潤一郎 (canonical)
Jun'ichirō (romanization)


村上

Literally “upper town, upper part of a town”.

Murakami (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


村田

村(むら)田(た) or 村(むら)田(だ) • (Murata or Murada)

村田 (canonical)
村田 (canonical)
Murata (romanization)
Murada (romanization)


勝喜

勝喜 (canonical)
Katsuyoshi (romanization)


望月

Compound of 望 (mochi) + 月 (tsuki, “moon”). The mochi element is of uncertain derivation. It probably derives from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 持つ (motsu, “to have, to possess; to keep, to maintain”), but the semantic relationship remains unclear. The tsuki changes to zuki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Another theory derives it from 満ちる (michiru, “to be full, to wax”), semantically related but is somewhat problematic phonologically.


本東

本東 (canonical)
Motohigashi (romanization)


本屋敷

本屋敷 (canonical)
Motoyashiki (romanization)


本柳

本柳 (canonical)
Motoyanagi (romanization)


章剛

章(しょう)剛(ごう) • (Shōgō)


重好

重好 (canonical)
Shigeyoshi (romanization)


森谷

森(もり)谷(たに) or 森(もり)谷(や) • (Moritani or Moriya)

森谷 (canonical)
森谷 (canonical)
Moritani (romanization)
Moriya (romanization)


薬師神

薬師神 (canonical)
Yakushijin (romanization)


八島

八島 (canonical)
Yashima (romanization)
八島 (canonical)
Yajima (romanization)


達佳

達佳 (canonical)
Tatsuyoshi (romanization)


矢田

矢田 (canonical)
矢田 (canonical)
Yata (romanization)
Yada (romanization)


梁川

梁(やな)川(がわ) • (Yanagawa) ^(←やながは (Yanagafa)?)

梁川 (canonical)
Yanagawa (romanization)
Yanagafa (romanization)
やながは (hiragana historical)


柳川

柳(やな)川(がわ) • (Yanagawa) ^(←やながは (Yanagafa)?)

柳川 (canonical)
Yanagawa (romanization)
Yanagafa (romanization)
やながは (hiragana historical)

Yanagawa (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


柳沢

柳(やなぎ)沢(さわ) • (Yanagisawa) ^(←やなぎざは (Yanagizafa)?)

柳沢 (canonical)
Yanagisawa (romanization)
Yanagizafa (romanization)
やなぎざは (hiragana historical)


柳原

柳原 (canonical)
Yanagihara (romanization)


矢野

a neighborhood of Yawatahama, Aichi Prefecture

a neighborhood of Izumo, Shimane Prefecture

a neighborhood of Aki, Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture

a neighborhood of Tamaki, Mie Prefecture


山井

山井 (canonical)
Yamai (romanization)
Yamawi (romanization)
やまゐ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 井 (i, “well (water source)”). Appears in the late 900s.


山井

ja-pos

山(やまの)井(い) • (Yamanoi) ^(←やまのゐ (Yamanowi)?)

山井 (canonical)
Yamanoi (romanization)
Yamanowi (romanization)
やまのゐ (hiragana historical)

Compound of 山 (yama, “mountain”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 井 (i, “well (water source)”).


由松

由松 (canonical)
Yoshimatsu (romanization)


けんじ

賢治, 憲司, 謙次, 健司, 健二, 健志, 賢持, 憲治: a male given name

賢司, 健治, 兼司, 健次, 賢次, 健冶, 謙二, 健児: a male given name


邦広

[kɯ̟ɲ̟içiɾo̞]


ゆうじ

ja-pos

ゆうじ • (Yūji)

勇士, 悠治, 裕二, 祐二, 裕治, 裕司, 裕志, 勇治: a male given name

雄次, 雄二, 祐司, 祐治, 優二, 勇詞, 雄司: a male given name


吉鶴

吉鶴 (canonical)
Yoshitsuru (romanization)


吉年

吉年 (canonical)
Yoshitoshi (romanization)


吉原

Yoshiwara, a historical red-light district on the outskirts of Edo


しんじ

紳路, 慎司, 真二, 慎二, 信二, 真司, 伸次, 伸治: a male given name

新二, 真児, 慎次, 新治, 信次, 真治, 伸二, 慎治: a male given name


若菜

From Old Japanese.
Compound of 若(わか) (waka, “young, new”) + 菜(な) (na, “greens”).

ja-compound

name for the thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth chapters of The Tale of Genji

若菜上 (Wakana Jō), the thirty-fourth chapter

若菜下 (Wakana Ge), the thirty-fifth chapter


若林

若林 (canonical)
Wakabayashi (romanization)


忠志

忠志 (canonical)
忠志 (canonical)
Tadashi (romanization)


若松

a place name, such as that of Aizuwakamatsu City in Fukushima Prefecture


こうじ

ja-pos

こうじ • (Kōji)

口耳 口事 工事 公示 公事 爻辞 康治 弘治 向自 好字 好事 好辞 好餌 行事 孝慈 更事 垢膩 後事 柑子 狡児 香餌 校時 高次 勘事 康治 硬磁 項辞 鉤餌 講師 鴻慈 鏗爾 小路

(The following entries do not have a page created for them yet: 口耳, 口事, 爻辞, 向自, 好字, 好辞, 行事, 孝慈, 更事, 垢膩, 狡児, 香餌, 校時, 勘事, 硬磁, 項辞, 鉤餌, 講師, 鴻慈, 鏗爾.)
Two likely derivations:
* Shift from a compound of 黴 (kabi, “mold”) + 発ち (tachi, stem or continuative form of verb 発つ (tatsu), "to arise").
*: /kabi tati/ → /kaũtat͡ɕi/ → /kaũdat͡ɕi/ → /kaud͡ʑi/ → /kɔːd͡ʑi/ → /koːd͡ʑi/
* Alternatively, a shift from 醸し (kamoshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 醸す (kamosu, “to brew”).
*: /kamosi/ → /kamuɕi/ → /kaũɕi/ → /kaũʑi/ → /kɔːʑi/ → /koːd͡ʑi/

compound

stem or continuative form of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">発つ</i> (tatsu), "to arise"


こうじ

ja-pos

こうじ • (Kōji)

光二, 光仁, 光司, 光次, 光治, 公二, 剛治, 好治: a male given name

孝志, 孝次, 孝治, 宏次, 幸二, 幸司, 幸治, 康司: a male given name

廣二, 晃二, 晃司, 晃次, 浩二, 浩司, 浩嗣, 浩次: a male given name

浩治, 考史, 耕二, 耕司, 耕治, 興二, 興司, 鉱二: a male given name


和田

和(わ) (wa) + 田(た) (ta, literally “tranquil field”)

ja-compound

a neighborhood of Shichinohe, Kamikita district, Aomori Prefecture

a neighborhood of Shika, Hakui district, Ishikawa Prefecture

a neighborhood of Toride, Ibaraki Prefecture

a neighborhood of Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Kumatori, Sennan district and of Minami, Sakai, in Osaka Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Akaiwa, Tamano and Mimasaka, of Kibichūō, Kaga district and of Kagamino, Tomata district, in Okayama Prefecture

a neighborhood of Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture

a neighborhood of Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture

a neighborhood of Ibigawa, Ibi district, Gifu Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Maizuru and of Kyōtanba, Funai district, in Kyoto Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Sukumo, of Kitagawa, Aki district, of Tosa, Tosa district, and of Ōtoyo, Nagaoka district, in Kōchi Prefecture

a neighborhood of Gyōda, Saitama Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Itō, Kakegawa, Kikugawa and Makinohara, Shizuoka Prefecture

a neighborhood of Ōnan, Ōchi district, Shimane Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Sanmu, Narita and Yotsukaidō and of Sakae, Inba district, in Chiba Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Suginami and Tama, Tokyo prefecture

a neighborhood of Kurayoshi, Tottori Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Takaoka and Toyama, Toyama Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Komoro and Matsumoto and of Nagawa, Chīsagata district, in Nagano Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Sakurai and of Tenkawa, Yoshino district, in Nara Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Kōnan, Niigata and of Uonuma, in Niigata Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Sasayama, of Inami, Kako district and of Shin'onsen, Mikata district, in Hyōgo Prefecture

a neighborhood of Mihara, Hiroshima Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Fukui, of Takahama, Ōi district and of Mihama, Mikata district, in Fukui Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Minami, Fukuoka and of Sasaguri, Kasuya district, in Fukuoka Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Aizuwakamatsu, Sukagawa and Sōma and of Shirasawa, Adachi district, in Fukushima Prefecture

a neighborhood of Nan'yō, Yamagata Prefecture

a neighborhood of Suōōshima, Ōshima district, Yamaguchi Prefecture

a neighborhood of Minobu, Minamikoma district, Yamanashi Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Tanabe and Wakayama, of Hirogawa, Arida district and of Mihama, Hidaka district, in Wakayama Prefecture


和田

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 和田 (Hétián).


渡部

ja-pos

渡(わた)部(べ) or 渡部(わたなべ) • (Watabe or Watanabe)

渡部 (canonical)
渡部 (canonical)
Watabe (romanization)
Watanabe (romanization)


綿貫

Unclear. Homophonous with 綿抜き (watanuki, “getting out of quilted clothing → changing into summer clothing”), and with 腸抜き (watanuki, “the act of gutting fish or poultry; gutted fish or poultry”).
The kanji used may be an example of ateji.


相沢

相(あい)沢(ざわ) • (Aizawa) ^(←あひざは (Afizafa)?)

相沢 (canonical)
Aizawa (romanization)
Afizafa (romanization)
あひざは (hiragana historical)


相澤

相(あい)澤(ざわ) • (Aizawa) ^(←あひざは (Afizafa)?)

相澤 (canonical)
Aizawa (romanization)
Afizafa (romanization)
あひざは (hiragana historical)


としあき

敏明, 寿聡, 稔昌, 敏晃, 俊明, 敏昭, 利明: a male given name


高柳

高柳 (canonical)
Takayanagi (romanization)


こういち

晃一, 浩一, 孝市, 公一, 紘一, 孝一, 幸一, 興一, 宏一: a male given name

誠一, 光一, 耕一, 功一, 康一, 剛一: a male given name


よしひろ

義広, 好広, 佳弘, 佳浩, 佳寛, 昌弘, 欣厚, 好博: a male given name

伊洋, 義弘, 吉博, 善博, 好弘, 吉宏, 慶裕, 昌宏: a male given name

吉弘, 吉広, 吉廣, 善弘, 義広, 好広, 好廣, 好博: a surname


かずのり

一範, 和典, 和則, 一徳, 一孔, 和徳, 一位: a male given name


おさむ

Appears to be related to classical verb 収む (osamu, “to control”), modern 収める (osameru).

修, 収, 宰, 摂, 治, 理, 納, 道: a male given name


ひろゆき

博幸, 浩行, 宏行, 裕幸, 浩之, 宏之, 裕行, 裕之: a male given name

弘之, 寛之, 博之, 博征, 浩幸, 洋幸, 広之, 弘幸: a male given name


けんいち

賢一, 健一, 憲一, 謙一, 建一, 研一, 兼一: a male given name

賢壱, 健壱, 憲壱, 謙壱, 建壱, 研壱, 兼壱: a male given name

賢壹, 健壹, 憲壹, 謙壹, 建壹, 研壹, 兼壹: a male given name

賢市, 健市, 憲市, 謙市, 建市, 研市, 兼市: a male given name


あきのぶ

昭信, 明信, 彰布, 彰展, 昭修, 明允: a male given name


青柳

青(あお)柳(やぎ) • (Aoyagi) ^(←あをやぎ (Awoyagi)?)

青柳 (canonical)
Aoyagi (romanization)
Awoyagi (romanization)
あをやぎ (hiragana historical)

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. Cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.
Analyzable as a compound of 青 (ao, “green, as of lush plant life”) + 柳 (yagi, “willow”, shorter compounding reading for 柳 (yanagi)).

compound

shorter compounding reading for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">柳</i> (yanagi)


赤坂

Literally "red hill", from 赤(あか) (aka, “red”) and 坂(さか) (saka, “hill”). The placename does not refer to any known specific hill, and may be reduced from an earlier 茜坂(あかねさか) (akanesaka, “madder hill”, literally “red root hill”).

ja-r

(~区) one of the 35 former wards of Tokyo Prefecture (1868–1943), Tokyo City.


明石

Akashi (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


いちろう

English: Ichiro

Portuguese: Ichiro

Tagalog: Ichiro


秋葉

秋葉 (canonical)
秋葉 (canonical)
Akiba (romanization)

Compound of 秋 (aki, “autumn”) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”).
The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

(colloquial) short for 秋葉原 (Akihabara): a commercial district in Tokyo known for its market in electronics and popular culture


秋葉

Compound of 秋 (aki, “autumn”) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”), without rendaku (連濁).

a placename, especially of a district in Niigata Prefecture


秋葉

ja-pos

秋(しゅう)葉(よう) • (Shūyō) ^(←しうえふ (Siuefu)?)

秋葉 (canonical)
Shūyō (romanization)
Siuefu (romanization)
しうえふ (hiragana historical)

/sɨu jepu/ → /ɕɨujefu/ → /ɕuːjeu/ → /ɕuːjoː/
From Middle Chinese 秋葉 (MC tshjuw yep).


けいすけ

啓扶, 圭介, 啓介, 圭祐, 敬祐, 恵輔, 啓輔, 圭右: a male given name

圭輔, 圭佑, 敬介, 佳祐, 敬輔, 啓佑, 啓祐: a male given name


しげお

殖生, 重雄, 茂雄, 茂夫, 繁夫, 繁雄, 栄男: a male given name


相馬

Sōma (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


よしお

良男, 吉雄, 善夫, 喜夫, 善雄, 義雄, 誉夫, 良夫: a male given name

芳雄, 嘉男, 芳男, 吉男, 芳夫, 由郎, 義夫, 善男: a male given name

恵雄, 義男, 捷夫, 栄男, 克夫, 克雄, 克郎: a male given name


高崎

Takasaki (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)


けいいち

恵壹, 恵一, 桂一, 啓一, 圭一, 敬一, 圭市, 慶一: a male given name


ふし

傅子: the Fu Zi, a Chinese historical work compiled in the third century by Fu Xun


ともひろ

智弘, 友裕, 智裕, 知宏, 友博, 智啓, 朋弘, 智宏: a male given name


しげき

重鎮, 慈紀, 茂樹, 重喜, 滋樹, 茂喜, 成樹: a male given name


あきのり

晶則, 顕法, 晃紀, 昭則, 昭憲, 明典: a male given name


安里

Asato (regions in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan):

a region of Nakagusuku, Nakagami district


足立

Adachi (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


としゆき

敏之, 利之, 隼行, 利幸, 俊幸, 敏行, 俊之, 稔幸: a male given name


知子

知(とも)子(こ) or 知(さと)子(こ) or 知(はる)子(こ) • (Tomoko or Satoko or Haruko)

知子 (canonical)
知子 (canonical)
知子 (canonical)
Tomoko (romanization)
Satoko (romanization)
Haruko (romanization)


新垣

新(あら)垣(がき) or 新(あら)垣(かき) or 新(しん)垣(がき) or 新(にい)垣(がき) • (Aragaki or Arakaki or Shingaki or Nīgaki)

新垣 (canonical)
新垣 (canonical)
新垣 (canonical)
新垣 (canonical)
Aragaki (romanization)
Arakaki (romanization)
Shingaki (romanization)
Nīgaki (romanization)


石橋

→ English: Bridgestone (calque)


清次

清(せい)次(じ) or 清(きよ)次(つぐ) • (Seiji or Kiyotsugu)

清次 (canonical)
清次 (canonical)
Seiji (romanization)
Kiyotsugu (romanization)


市原

Ichihara (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


ひろかず

弘和, 浩一, 泰一, 拓一, 寛和, 博一, 展和, 博和: a male given name


宇城

Uki (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


よしあき

小泉歓晃


山崎

山(やま)崎(さき) or 山(やま)崎(ざき) • (Yamasaki or Yamazaki)

山崎 (canonical)
山崎 (canonical)
Yamasaki (romanization)
Yamazaki (romanization)


あきひと

昭人, 明仁, 彰人, 章人, 明一, 昭仁, 章仁, 明人: a male given name


三明

Sanming (a prefecture-level city of Fujian, China)


砂川

Sunagawa (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


田名部

田(た)名(な)部(べ) or 田(た)名(な)部(ぶ) • (Tanabe or Tanabu)

田名部 (canonical)
田名部 (canonical)
Tanabe (romanization)
Tanabu (romanization)


小泉

小(こ)泉(いずみ) • (Koizumi) ^(←こいづみ (Koidumi)?)

小泉 (canonical)
Koizumi (romanization)
Koidumi (romanization)
こいづみ (hiragana historical)

From 小 (ko-, “small”) + 泉 (izumi, “fountain”).

prefix

a placename, such that of a district in northwestern Nara Prefecture


陽菜

ja-pos

陽(はる)菜(な) or 陽(ひ)菜(な) • (Haruna or Hina)

陽菜 (canonical)
陽菜 (canonical)
Haruna (romanization)
Hina (romanization)


明日香

a placename, especially of a village in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture


友美

友(とも)美(み) or 友(ゆ)美(み) • (Tomomi or Yumi)

友美 (canonical)
友美 (canonical)
Tomomi (romanization)
Yumi (romanization)


麻美

麻美 (canonical)
麻美 (canonical)
Asami (romanization)
Mami (romanization)


明世

明(あき)世(よ) or 明(あき)世(せ) • (Akiyo or Akise)

明世 (canonical)
明世 (canonical)
Akiyo (romanization)
Akise (romanization)
明世 (canonical)
Akitoshi (romanization)


由里子

English: Yuriko


拝藤

拝(はい)藤(とう) or 拝(はい)藤(どう) • (Haitō or Haidō)

拝藤 (canonical)
拝藤 (canonical)
Haitō (romanization)
Haidō (romanization)


横尾

横尾太郎


米沢

米(よね)沢(ざわ) • (Yonezawa) ^(←よねざは (Yonezafa)?)

米沢 (canonical)
Yonezawa (romanization)
Yonezafa (romanization)
よねざは (hiragana historical)

Yonezawa (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


七夕

Origins somewhat obscure.
The latter bata portion is generally accepted to be from 機 (hata, “a loom”). The hata reading for 機 changes to bata as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The former tana portion may be from 棚 (tana, “a shelf, or a board placed lengthwise in a bridge”), in reference to an ancient ritual whereby a maiden would weave a special cloth on a hata in order to secure a bountiful harvest, as an offering for a god coming across a body of water via a tana. A related theory states that tana is instead an alteration of 種 (tane, “seed”). Yet another theory states that tana is an alteration of 手 (ta, “hand”, unbound Old Japanese form) + な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle superseded by no).
The common spelling of 七夕 is an example of jukujikun, since the festival is held on the seventh night of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, now generally observed on 7 July.

the Tanabata Japanese star festival, observed on 7 July


七夕

七夕 (canonical)
Shichiseki (romanization)

From Middle Chinese compound 七夕 (MC tshit zjek, literally “seventh evening”). Compare modern Mandarin 七夕 (Qīxī).

ltc-l

the Chinese Qīxī Festival, also sometimes referred to as the Double Seventh Festival


米澤

ja-pos

米(よね)澤(ざわ) • (Yonezawa) ^(←よねざは (Yonezafa)?)

米澤 (canonical)
Yonezawa (romanization)
Yonezafa (romanization)
よねざは (hiragana historical)


吉用

吉用 (canonical)
Yoshimochi (romanization)


由美

由(ゆ)美(み) or 由(よし)美(み) • (Yumi or Yoshimi)

由美 (canonical)
由美 (canonical)
Yumi (romanization)
Yoshimi (romanization)


義達

義達 (canonical)
Yoshitatsu (romanization)


平塚

Hiratsuka (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


兵藤

兵(ひょう)藤(どう) • (Hyōdō)


裕子

裕(ひろ)子(こ) or 裕(ゆう)子(こ) • (Hiroko or Yūko)

裕子 (canonical)
裕子 (canonical)
Hiroko (romanization)
Yūko (romanization)


恵美

恵美 (canonical)
恵美 (canonical)
Emi (romanization)
Megumi (romanization)


羽田

羽田 (canonical)
Haneda (romanization)
羽田 (canonical)
Haneta (romanization)
羽田 (canonical)
Handa (romanization)

→ Chinese: 羽田 (Yǔtián)

a neighborhood and airport in Ōta, Tokyo prefecture

a neighborhood of Niigata, Niigata Prefecture

a neighborhood of Kawamata, Fukushima Prefecture

Haneta (a neighborhood of Sakuragawa, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)

Handa (a neighborhood of Ōtawara, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)


羽田

羽田 (canonical)
Hata (romanization)
羽田 (canonical)
Hada (romanization)

→ English: Hata, Hada

Hata (a neighborhood of Hita, Ōita Prefecture, Japan)

Hada (a neighborhood of Toyohashi, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

Hada (a neighborhood of Ōita, Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


畠山

畠山 (canonical)
Hatakeyama (romanization)


中河内

中河内 (canonical)
Nakagauchi (romanization)


文子

藤谷文子


文子

* 円(えん)地(ち)文(ふみ)子(こ)
Enchi Fumiko
Fumiko Enchi

ja-usex

name of the purported author of the text


中ノ森

中ノ森 (canonical)
Nakanomori (romanization)


北斗

Hokuto (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


塩崎

ja-pos

塩(しお)崎(ざき) • (Shiozaki) ^(←しほざき (Sifozaki)?)

塩崎 (canonical)
Shiozaki (romanization)
Sifozaki (romanization)
しほざき (hiragana historical)


塩屋

塩屋 (canonical)
Shioya (romanization)
Sifoya (romanization)
しほや (hiragana historical)

Compound of 塩 (shio, “salt”) + 屋 (ya, “house; building; store, shop; shopkeeper”).
First cited in The Tale of Genji, circa 1014.


重松

重松 (canonical)
Shigematsu (romanization)


志田

志田 (canonical)
志田 (canonical)
Shida (romanization)
Shita (romanization)


梨花

梨花 (canonical)
Rika (romanization)
Rikwa (romanization)
りくわ (hiragana historical)


地頭方

ja-pos

地頭方(じとうほう) • (Jitōhō)


篠原

From Old Japanese.
Compound of 篠 (shino, “dwarf bamboo; bamboo grass”) + 原 (hara, “(uncultivated) field”).

com

in Kaga, Ishikawa Prefecture, site of the Battle of Shinohara

a placename, especially:
in Yasu, Shiga Prefecture

in Nankoku, Kochi Prefecture, famous for its 尾長鶏 (onagadori) chicken


篠原

ja-pos

篠(しの)原(わら) • (Shinowara) ^(←しのはら (Sinofara)?)

篠原 (canonical)
Shinowara (romanization)
Sinofara (romanization)
しのはら (hiragana historical)

⟨sino₁ para⟩ → */sinʷopara/ → /ɕinofara/ → /ɕinowara/
Variant shift from shinohara above, Old Japanese sino₁para.


篠原

From 笹 (sasa, “bamboo grass”) + 原 (hara, “(uncultivated) field”).
The hara changes to bara as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..


芝草

ja-pos

芝(しば)草(くさ) • (Shibakusa) ^(←しばくさ (Sibakusa)?)

芝草 (canonical)
Shibakusa (romanization)
Sibakusa (romanization)
しばくさ (hiragana historical)


あきなり

章成, 明成, 章允, 晃允, 秋允, 昭允, 晶允, 明允: a male given name


嶋田

The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Shimada (a neighborhood of Taketoyo, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


島原

島原半島

島原半島 しまばらはんとう

Shimabara (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


島袋

島袋 (canonical)
Shimabukuro (romanization)

Orthographic borrowing from Okinawan 島袋 (Shimabuku).


下須崎

下須崎 (canonical)
Shimosuzaki (romanization)


下柳

下柳 (canonical)
Shimoyanagi (romanization)


幸恵

ja-pos

幸(さち)恵(え) or 幸(ゆき)恵(え) • (Sachie or Yukie)

幸恵 (canonical)
幸恵 (canonical)
Sachie (romanization)
Yukie (romanization)


かつひろ

勝浩, 勝博, 克弘, 勝広, 克拓, 克洋, 勝宏, 勝大: a male given name


白石

Shiroishi (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


白木

Literally, “white tree”, 白(しら) (shira, “white”) + 木(き) (ki, “tree”)


真麻

ja-pos

真麻(まあさ) • (Māsa)


白滝

Compound of 白 (shira, “white”, combining form, only used in compounds) + 滝 (taki, “waterfall”). The "konjac noodles" sense comes from a visual resemblance of the noodles to the individual streams of water in a waterfall.


白滝

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”, standalone form, also used in compounds) + 滝 (taki, “waterfall”).


愛美

ja-pos

愛(あい)美(み) or 愛(まな)美(み) • (Aimi or Manami)

愛美 (canonical)
愛美 (canonical)
Aimi (romanization)
Manami (romanization)


佐津川

佐津川 (canonical)
Satsukawa (romanization)


牛之濱

牛之濱 (canonical)
Ushinohama (romanization)


新谷

新(あら)谷(たに) or 新(あら)谷(や) or 新(しん)谷(たに) or 新(しん)谷(や) • (Aratani or Araya or Shintani or Shin'ya)

新谷 (canonical)
新谷 (canonical)
新谷 (canonical)
新谷 (canonical)
Aratani (romanization)
Araya (romanization)
Shintani (romanization)
Shin'ya (romanization)


末次

末(すえ)次(つぐ) • (Suetsugu) ^(←すゑつぐ (Swetugu)?)

末次 (canonical)
Suetsugu (romanization)
Swetugu (romanization)
すゑつぐ (hiragana historical)


仙頭

[sɨβ̞a̠to̞ː]


仙頭

[sɨβ̞a̠to̞ː]


仙頭

仙頭 (canonical)
Suwatō (romanization)
Swatau (romanization)
スワタウ (historical katakana)

[sɨβ̞a̠to̞ː]

misspelling of 汕頭 (Suwatō, “Shantou (a prefecture-level city of Guangdong, China)”)


まさと

聖人, 正人, 真人, 雅人, 昌人, 眞佐人, 将斗, 将人: a male given name

昌都, 政人, 真登, 理人, 眞人, 正都: a male given name


早苗

早苗 (canonical)
Sanae (romanization)
Sanafe (romanization)
さなへ (hiragana historical)

Compound of さ (sa-, prefix for "early") + 苗(なえ) (nae, “seedling”).
The use of 早 (“early”) is an example of phonetic ateji (当て字).


武智

高 (taka, “high”) + 市 (ichi, “market”)
⟨taka iti⟩ → ⟨take₂ti⟩ → /taketi/ → /taketɕi/


立木

ja-pos

立(たち)木(き) or 立(た)木(き) • (Tachiki or Taki)

立木 (canonical)
立木 (canonical)
Tachiki (romanization)
Taki (romanization)


厚生労働省

^こうせい-ろうどう-しょう

厚(こう)生(せい)労(ろう)働(どう)省(しょう) • (Kōsei-rōdō-shō)

厚生労働省 (canonical)
Kōsei-rōdō-shō (romanization)

[ko̞ːse̞ːɾo̞ːdo̞ːɕo̞ː]

Compound of 厚生 (“health and welfare”) + 労働 (“labor”) + 省 (“department, ministry”)

com

(government) Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
ja:厚生労働省


まさかず

政数, 昌和, 政和, 将和, 正和, 仁一, 雅計: a male given name


田原

Tahara (a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan)


やすのり

康徳, 保憲, 泰憲, 保則, 康典, 泰範, 靖容, 保典: a male given name


茶園

茶園 (canonical)
Chaen (romanization)
Tyawen (romanization)
ちやゑん (hiragana historical)


投野

ja-pos

投野(とうの) • (Tōno)


戸川

戸川 (canonical)
Togawa (romanization)
Togafa (romanization)
とがは (hiragana historical)

[to̞ɡa̠β̞a̠]


順子

From 順 (jun, literally “obedience”) + 子 (-ko, common suffix in female given names, literally “child”).


尚子

ja-pos

尚(なお)子(こ) or 尚(しょう)子(こ) • (Naoko or Shōko)

尚子 (canonical)
尚子 (canonical)
Naoko (romanization)
Shōko (romanization)


戸塚

戸(と)塚(つか) or 戸(と)塚(ずか) • (Totsuka or Tozuka)

戸塚 (canonical)
戸塚 (canonical)
Totsuka (romanization)
Tozuka (romanization)


土佐

Tosa (a city in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan)


東條

東條 (canonical)
Tōjō (romanization)
Toudeu (romanization)
とうでう (hiragana historical)


堂島

堂(どう)島(じま) • (Dōjima) ^(←だうじま (Dauzima)?)

堂島 (canonical)
Dōjima (romanization)
Dauzima (romanization)
だうじま (hiragana historical)


千夏

千(ち)夏(か) or 千(ち)夏(なつ) • (Chika or Chinatsu)

千夏 (canonical)
千夏 (canonical)
Chika (romanization)
Chinatsu (romanization)


丹羽

丹羽 (canonical)
Niwa (romanization)
Nifa (romanization)
には (hiragana historical)


つねお

経旺, 恒男, 恒夫, 常雄, 恒雄, 典生, 典男, 典夫: a male given name


柿本

柿(かき)本(もと) or 柿(かきの)本(もと) • (Kakimoto or Kakinomoto)

柿本 (canonical)
柿本 (canonical)
Kakimoto (romanization)
Kakinomoto (romanization)


幸子

幸(さち)子(こ) or 幸(ゆき)子(こ) • (Sachiko or Yukiko)

幸子 (canonical)
幸子 (canonical)
Sachiko (romanization)
Yukiko (romanization)


けいじ

敬二, 桂司, 敬司, 慶二, 敬治, 啓史, 啓司, 啓次: a male given name

啓治, 圭司, 恵二, 恵治, 桂二, 敬次, 恵司, 啓二: a male given name


けんじろう

謙二郎, 憲次郎, 健二朗, 謙次郎, 賢二郎, 憲二郎, 謙治郎: a male given name


のぶあき

伸亮, 暢明, 修光, 信明, 延明, 伸顕: a male given name


都会

東京都議会 w:ja:東京都議会

clipping of 東京都議会 (Tōkyōto Gikai, “Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly”)


のぶひろ

宣宏, 宣浩, 延博, 信弘, 信博, 伸洋, 訓弘, 信宏: a male given name


のぶゆき

伸之, 伸幸, 信行, 伸行, 信幸, 信之, 延介: a male given name


のりお

則紀, 宣雄, 規夫, 悳夫, 徳雄, 典夫, 法夫, 哲生: a male given name


のりゆき

典征, 謙如, 憲幸, 憲之, 範行, 範之, 敬之, 儀介: a male given name


ひでたか

英孝, 英貴, 英隆, 秀崇, 秀孝, 英貴: a male given name


ひでとし

英俊, 英智, 秀敏, 豪紀, 英利, 秀俊: a male given name


ひでのり

英智, 秀範, 秀憲, 英典, 秀則, 秀典, 英則: a male given name


ひであき

秀昭, 英明, 秀章, 秀明, 秀聡, 英昭, 栄明: a male given name


ひでき

秀樹, 英樹, 英輝, 秀輝, 秀喜, 秀旗, 英貴: a male given name


ひろあき

啓昭, 弘昭, 博明, 裕明, 裕章, 敬章, 広明, 宥明: a male given name

浩明, 宏明, 博昭, 裕亮, 弘明, 裕昭, 寛暁, 浩章: a male given name


しんいち

愼一, 進一, 伸一, 真一, 慎一, 信一, 新一, 親一: a male given name


時雨

From Old Japanese.
The 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 時雨る (shiguru), modern 時雨れる (shigureru, “to rain a shower”).
Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 時雨 /时雨 (shíyǔ).

obor

name of an 泡盛 (awamori, “Okinawan liquor made from rice or millet”)

Japanese destroyer Shigure (1935)
w:Japanese destroyer Shigure (1935)

a Shiratsuyu-class destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, see Japanese destroyer Shigure (1935) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


村雨

(Japanese fiction) a character in Kan'ami's Noh play Matsukaze


まさたか

政隆, 雅敬, 真貴, 政孝, 正孝, 雅貴, 誠隆: a male given name


まさのり

正則, 正典, 昌則, 雅規, 雅法, 正法, 昌徳, 政敬: a male given name


南スーダン

南スーダン (canonical)
Minami Sūdan (romanization)

南 (minami, “south”) + スーダン (Sūdan, “Sudan”), calque of English South Sudan.

af

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


のりまさ

規真, 典正, 規公, 規克, 規政, 規正: a male given name


もとお

ja-pos

もとお • (Motō)


やすお

保夫, 康夫, 康生, 康雄, 恭男, 保雄, 靖郎, 安雄: a male given name

靖夫, 洲男, 泰央, 泰夫, 安夫, 弥瑞生, 弥寿男: a male given name


やすたか

安隆, 泰卓, 益隆, 泰隆, 康隆, 康剛, 康貴, 安孝: a male given name


やすひろ

保裕, 泰汎, 康弘, 康博, 靖弘, 保宏, 康広, 泰博: a male given name

安博, 保弘, 靖洋, 泰広, 泰宏, 泰浩: a male given name


やすゆき

康幸, 泰幸, 育之, 恭行, 泰之, 康之, 保行: a male given name


ゆういちろう

ゆういちろう • (Yūichirō)


ゆうすけ

佑介, 雄祐, 雄介, 祐輔, 佑輔, 祐介, 裕介, 勇介: a male given name


ゆうぞう

ゆうぞう • (Yūzō)


ゆうた

ゆうた • (Yūta)


ゆうだい

ゆうだい • (Yūdai)


ゆうへい

ゆうへい • (Yūhei)


ゆうや

ゆうや • (Yūya)

裕也, 優也, 祐也, 祐哉, 由哉, 雄也, 勇也, 雄哉: a male given name


あきとし

彰敏, 彰寿, 彰俊, 彰智, 彰年, 彰箸, 彰肇, 右年: a male given name

明寿, 昭寿, 明紀, 明俊, 明世, 昭俊, 昭智, 昭十四: a male given name


いくろう

いくろう • (Ikurō)


えいしゅう

えいしゅう • (Eishū)


えいぞう

えいぞう • (Eizō)


かずあき

和明, 一明, 一昭, 一彰, 和昭, 一晃, 和彰: a male given name


瑠璃

Daijirin
Lapis lazuli
Qing Dynasty
ja:瑠璃

Shortened from 吠(べい)瑠(る)璃(り) (beiruri), itself from Middle Chinese 吠瑠璃 (MC bjojH lje), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's eye, beryl”). Some scholars suggest that the source term might instead have been Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”).


かずと

一外, 一戸, 一士, 一十, 一人, 一大, 一斗: a male given name

一杜, 一刀, 一任, 一門, 一翔, 員人, 運人: a male given name

運登, 教人, 計人, 航人, 三人, 七人, 寿人: a male given name

寿登, 数人, 数登, 千人, 万人, 雄斗, 利人: a male given name

和遠, 和音, 和外, 和十, 和人, 和仁, 和澄: a male given name

和斗, 和登, 和都, 和土, 和民, 弌仁: a male given name


かずひろ

一浩, 和裕, 和博, 和宏, 一弘, 一宏, 和弘, 一洋: a male given name

一博, 和公, 主浩, 和広, 和大, 和洋: a male given name


きゅうじ

給仕 給餌 旧事 旧字 旧時 急事 九字 球児 灸治


きょうへい

ja-pos

きょうへい • (Kyōhei)


けいぞう

けいぞう • (Keizō)


けんご

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 謙語.)


けんしん

欠伸 健診 見神 堅信 検真 検針 検診 献身 献進 権臣 賢臣 懸針


こういちろう

ja-pos

こういちろう • (Kōichirō)


こうさく

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 鋼索.)


こうしろう

ja-pos

こうしろう • (Kōshirō)


こうじゅ

こうじゅ • (Kōju)

口入 口受 口授 坑儒 皇寿 紅樹 香薷 高寿 堠樹 講授 鴻儒

(The following entries do not have a page created for them yet: 口入, 口受, 口授, 坑儒, 皇寿, 紅樹, 高寿, 堠樹, 講授, 鴻儒.)


こうじろう

ja-pos

こうじろう • (Kōjirō)


ごうた

ごうた • (Gōta)


こうたろう

こうたろう • (Kōtarō)

小太郎, 孝太郎, 鼓太郎, 康太郎, 光太郎, 功太郎, 浩太郎, 耕太郎: a male given name

幸太郎, 誇太郎, 晃太郎, 興太郎, 浩太朗: a male given name


こうめい

こうめい • (Kōmei)


ごろう

ごろう • (Gorō)


じゅんや

淳也, 淳哉, 殉也, 純矢, 純也, 惇也, 淳矢: a male given name


しゅういちろう

しゅういちろう • (Shūichirō)


しゅうご

しゅうご • (Shūgo)


しゅうじ

しゅうじ • (Shūji)


しゅうぞう

しゅうぞう • (Shūzō)


じゅうぞう

じゅうぞう • (Jūzō)


しゅうた

しゅうた • (Shūta)


じゅうたろう

じゅうたろう • (Jūtarō)


しゅうへい

しゅうへい • (Shūhei)


としかず

利一, 利和, 利員, 寿一, 寿千, 寿和, 俊一, 俊和: a male given name


じゅんいち

純一, 順一, 準一, 潤一, 淳一, 凖一: a male given name


しゅんじ

俊二, 俊児, 俊次, 俊治, 俊史, 俊司, 駿二, 駿児: a male given name


じゅんじ

淳二, 淳司, 純司, 純次, 隼士, 順治, 順二, 順次: a male given name


しゅんぞう

しゅんぞう • (Shunzō)


じゅんぞう

じゅんぞう • (Junzō)


じゅんろう

じゅんろう • (Junrō)


しょうじろう

しょうじろう • (Shōjirō)


しょうぞう

しょうぞう • (Shōzō)


しょうた

しょうた • (Shōta)

翔太, 正太, 翔大, 奨太, 祥太, 祥多, 将太, 昇太: a male given name


しょうたろう

しょうたろう • (Shōtarō)


しょうへい

しょうへい • (Shōhei)


しょうや

しょうや • (Shōya)


しろう

(The following entries do not have a page created for them yet: 屍蠟, 脂漏.)


じろう

ja-pos

じろう • (Jirō)

地牢 地蠟 耳漏 耳聾 侍郎 痔瘻

(The following entries do not have a page created for them yet: 地牢, 地蠟, 侍郎.)


しんたろう

慎太郎, 慎太朗, 伸太朗, 伸太郎, 新太郎, 真太郎: a male given name


せいごう

ja-pos

せいごう • (Seigō)


せいぞう

せいぞう • (Seizō)

People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China

西蔵: Xizang, an autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China


ぜんこう

ぜんこう • (Zenkō)


ぜんぞう

ぜんぞう • (Zenzō)


そういちろう

そういちろう • (Sōichirō)


そうじ

そうじ • (Sōji)


そうたろう

そうたろう • (Sōtarō)


そうへい

そうへい • (Sōhei)


そうめい

そうめい • (Sōmei)


ひろき

浩基, 浩樹, 裕貴, 弘樹, 博樹, 大樹, 弘基, 広基: a male given name

博紀, 裕紀, 博喜, 寛樹, 広樹, 宏紀, 寛生, 宏樹: a male given name

宏宜, 博貴, 紘毅, 啓貴, 裕樹, 博幹, 尋葵, 大輝: a male given name


だいすけ

English: Daisuke

English: Dice-K

大介, 大輔, 大昌, 大祐, 大助, 太亮: a male given name


だいぞう

だいぞう • (Daizō)


だいゆう

だいゆう • (Daiyū)


たかあき

敬章, 貴章, 誉昭, 高明, 崇明, 孝昭, 昂明: a male given name


たかつぐ

天従, 郁胤, 貴継, 貴嗣, 貴次, 貴詔, 貴尋, 貴譜: a male given name


たかのり

隆則, 孝憲, 貴規, 尚典, 孝典, 孝徳, 貴範, 高孝: a male given name


たかひろ

貴弘, 隆浩, 高広, 貴裕, 貴浩, 峰弘, 尚広, 隆寛: a male given name

隆博, 貴洋, 隆広, 貴広, 貴大, 隆裕, 隆弘, 崇博: a male given name

高宏, 卓宏, 卓弘, 誉弘, 孝浩, 孝宏, 高弘, 卓丈: a male given name


たくま

卓真, 卓摩, 拓馬, 拓真, 匠馬, 卓磨: a male given name


たける

武, 猛, 健, 尊, 岳, 武尊, 武瑠, 武流: a male given name

武琉, 武留, 丈瑠, 丈流, 丈琉, 丈留, 尊瑠, 尊流: a male given name


たけひろ

剛裕, 丈裕, 雄洋, 武博, 武広, 岳洋, 剛浩: a male given name


たつや

達也, 達矢, 竜也, 辰弥, 達哉, 辰哉: a male given name


たつみ

Compound of 辰 (tatsu, “Dragon (fifth earthly branch of the Chinese zodiac) → east-southeast”) + 巳 (mi, “Snake (sixth earthly branch) → south-southeast”).


たつみ

起貫, 建美, 樹海, 樹実, 多津美, 太津巳, 達光, 達視: a female given name

達実, 達心, 達美, 達味, 達弥, 辰己, 辰爾, 辰実: a female given name

辰美, 辰弥, 田津実, 田津美, 立海, 立身, 立美, 立巳: a female given name

竜美, 竜弥, 龍己, 龍光, 龍実, 龍心, 龍美, 龍巳: a female given name


りゅうや

ja-pos

りゅうや • (Ryūya)


ちょうえい

ちょうえい • (Chōei)


てつお

哲夫, 哲男, 哲朗, 哲雄, 哲緒, 鉄男, 鉄雄, 鉄緒: a male given name


とうご

とうご • (Tōgo)


としお

利夫, 利男, 俊雄, 俊夫, 年男, 利雄, 俊郎, 敏夫: a male given name


としひこ

紀彦, 利彦, 十四彦, 歳彦, 敏彦, 捷彦, 闘志彦, 載彦, 俊比古, 智彦, 穎彦, 登志彦, 才彦, 稔彦, 憲彦, 年比古, 登士彦, 登史彦, 明彦, 年彦, 壽彦, 灯志彦, 外志彦, 肇彦, 鋭彦, 俊彦, 寿彦, 外士彦, 敏比古, 順彦, 聡彦, 淑彦, 保彦, 世彦, 星彦, 季彦, 登志比古, 利比古: a male given name


としひろ

敏弘, 利弘, 敏博, 俊宏, 利洋, 敏浩, 寿浩, 稔浩: a male given name


聖美

聖(きよ)美(み) or 聖(さと)美(み) or 聖(とし)美(み) • (Kiyomi or Satomi or Toshimi)

聖美 (canonical)
聖美 (canonical)
聖美 (canonical)
Kiyomi (romanization)
Satomi (romanization)
Toshimi (romanization)


ともあき

知憲, 智明, 智晃, 友亮, 友昭, 朋昭: a male given name


ともお

ともお • (Tomō)


とものり

知則, 友紀, 智徳, 智規, 智則, 智紀: a male given name


ともゆき

智之, 友之, 知之, 朋幸, 智行, 友行: a male given name


なおき

直樹, 直己, 直輝, 尚樹, 尚生, 直喜: a male given name


ひこお

ひこお • (Hikō)


ひとし

仁, 均, 等, 斉, 旬, 準, 仁志, 人志: a male given name


ひろお

ひろお • (Hirō)


ひろじ

博治, 博爾, 博次, 博二, 博司, 浩次, 浩二, 浩司: a male given name

浩嗣, 浩治, 広二, 広地, 広次, 広治, 広滋, 啓之: a male given name

啓二, 啓司, 宏二, 宏司, 宏次, 宏治, 宏爾, 大二: a male given name

宥二, 寛二, 寛司, 寛次, 寛治, 尋次, 尋治, 弘二: a male given name

弘司, 弘次, 弘治, 拓治, 洋二, 洋司, 洋次, 洋治: a male given name

皓治, 祐次, 祐治, 紘治, 裕二, 裕司, 裕次, 裕治: a male given name


ひろと

敬人, 寛人, 裕人, 博人, 浩人, 弘人: a male given name


ひろのり

壽統, 浩徳, 浩典, 紘範, 弘教, 弘典, 裕規, 裕典: a male given name


ひろふみ

弘文, 博文, 浩文, 浩史, 洋文, 裕文: a male given name


ひろむ

Related to the adjective ひろい (hiroi, “wide, broad”), eventually from Proto-Japonic *pirə.
Ending む, may be related to the む seen in other verbalized adjectives, such as 悲しむ, 楽しむ, or 痛む, and also to the nominalizing suffix み.


ふみお

Fumio (romanization)
Fumiwo (romanization)
ふみを (hiragana historical)

*/pumiwo/ → /fumiwo/ → /fumio/
A surface analysis suggests that this may have originated as a compound of 文 (fumi, “letters, writing; literature”) + 男 (o, “male person”). Compare the English expression man of letters.
As with many names, there is a wide variety of possible kanji spellings, where the kanji characters themselves lend additional meanings and nuances to the name.


まさあき

正晃, 正明, 雅亮, 政明, 雅昭, 政昭, 正昭, 雅興: a male given name


まさき

正樹, 正規, 昌樹, 聖樹, 雅樹, 将生, 真規, 雅紀: a male given name

雅貴, 真輝, 政樹, 将樹, 政基, 昌輝, 正喜, 昌己: a male given name


まさとし

将俊, 昌利, 正利, 雅俊, 正年, 全敏, 正敏, 政敏: a male given name

雅敏, 正俊, 政俊, 将利, 雅稔, 昌俊, 政聡: a male given name


まさひこ

将彦, 昌彦, 雅彦, 正彦, 政彦, 晶彦, 允彦: a male given name


そうすけ

蒼甫, 壮介, 宗佑, 宗輔, 宗助, 壮祐, 壮亮, 荘介, 宗介: a male given name


まさや

昌也, 正也, 将也, 匡哉, 誠也, 将弥: a male given name


まさゆき

正之, 昌幸, 昌之, 雅行, 雅之, 正行, 正幸, 政幸: a male given name


まさよし

正義, 方禧, 政良, 政義, 正幸, 雅由, 正芳, 将至: a male given name


ますみ

眞純, 眞住, 眞澄, 真珠美, 真寿美, 眞澄実, 眞澄美, 潤美: a female given name


みきお

幹雄, 幹夫, 巳喜男, 美喜男, 三樹男, 己喜男, 実生雄: a male given name


みつひろ

光浩, 光宏, 充宏, 充広, 光広, 充弘, 光弘, 光博: a male given name


みつまた

三叉: an area along the Sumida River in Tokyo between the Shin Ōhashi and the Kiyosu-bashi bridges, near the inlet of the Onagi Canal


ゆうたろう

ja-pos

ゆうたろう • (Yūtarō)


よしゆき

吉幸, 慶幸, 嘉幸, 義行, 良行, 義之, 善之, 祥順: a male given name


ゆきひろ

幸弘, 幸博, 幸広, 征弘, 幸洋, 侑広, 之宏, 幸央: a male given name


ようざぶろう

ようざぶろう • (Yōzaburō)


ようじろう

ようじろう • (Yōjirō)


ようぞう

ようぞう • (Yōzō)


ようた

ようた • (Yōta)


ようだい

ようだい • (Yōdai)


よしき

由基, 義樹, 慶輝, 寛己, 慶季, 仁貴, 良樹: a male given name


よしたか

能隆, 嘉孝, 義隆, 佳隆, 吉孝, 凱孝, 佳孝, 善隆: a male given name


よしのぶ

由伸, 義信, 義展, 善伸, 善信, 好宣, 好修, 宜伸: a male given name


よしのり

佳範, 佳紀, 善則, 佳典, 美摸, 柱憲, 義典, 義則: a male given name

喜則, 義紀, 良紀, 善紀, 叔功, 由規, 祥規, 芳典: a male given name


よしまさ

よしまさ (canonical)
ヨシマサ (canonical)
Yoshimasa (romanization)

良正, 好正, 善正, 芳政, 義政, 義昌, 義正, 義和: a male given name

義将, 喜政, 吉正, 良昌, 善将, 美政, 芳正, 良允: a male given name

善勝, 善征, 善政, 宜正, 良全, 良匡, 慶正, 良将: a male given name

良征, 良政, 良雅, 良誠, 良真, 善昌, 吉雅, 吉政: a male given name

吉正, 吉勝, 吉将, 吉征, 吉昌, 吉真, 喜勝, 喜将: a male given name

喜昌, 喜正, 喜暢, 喜祐, 喜雅, 敬正, 敬政, 芳勝: a male given name

芳将, 芳征, 芳昌, 芳雅, 好政, 由昌, 好将, 好雅: a male given name

善正, 善真, 義勝, 義匡, 義征, 義方, 義理, 克允: a male given name

義誠, 義雅, 美将, 美征, 美昌, 美正, 美誠, 美雅: a male given name

嘉将, 嘉允, 嘉政, 嘉昌, 嘉正, 嘉雅, 祥公, 佳雅: a male given name

祥匡, 祥正, 祥雅, 敬昌, 由政, 由正, 由雅, 克昌: a male given name

悦正, 佳正, 佳政, 佳昌, 佳優, 佳成, 儀正, 儀勇: a male given name

圭昌, 欽正, 欣正, 恵正, 慶征, 慶昌, 儀昌, 賢政: a male given name

淑正, 淑雅, 純正, 純理, 資正, 至正, 宣昌, 宣正: a male given name


りゅういちろう

りゅういちろう • (Ryūichirō)


りゅうじろう

りゅうじろう • (Ryūjirō)


りゅうた

りゅうた • (Ryūta)


りゅうたろう

りゅうたろう • (Ryūtarō)


りゅうのすけ

龍之介, 龍之輔, 隆之介, 竜之介, 龍之助: a male given name


りゅうへい

りゅうへい • (Ryūhei)


りょうかん

りょうかん • (Ryōkan)


りょうけん

りょうけん • (Ryōken)


りょうじ

りょうじ • (Ryōji)

亮二, 亮司, 良仁, 良治, 良二, 良次, 遼二: a male given name


りょうすけ

凌祐, 良介, 亮介, 椋丞, 亮祐, 亮輔, 良輔, 良祐: a male given name


りょうた

りょうた • (Ryōta)


りょうたろう

りょうたろう • (Ryōtarō)


りょうへい

りょうへい • (Ryōhei)

良平, 亮平, 涼平, 領平, 亮兵, 遼平, 凌平: a male given name


れいじ

礼二, 礼司, 礼治, 玲次, 怜児, 零士, 麗司, 零児, 零司: a male given name


さつき

Shift in spelling of 五月 (satsuki, “the month of May; Rhododendron indicum, a kind of azalea native to Japan (so named because it usually blooms in May)”).


躑躅

Ultimate derivation unknown. Various theories have been proposed, including:
* A shift from 続き咲き (tsuzuki saki, literally “continuously blooming”)
* Possibly related to Korean 철쭉 (cheoljjuk), as in 황철쭉 (hwangcheoljjuk, “Rhododendron japonicum”)
The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 躑躅 /踯躅 (zhízhú).


重光

重光 (canonical)
Shigemitsu (romanization)

重光葵


プレー

ja-pos

プレー • (Purē)

Borrowed from English Phrae, from Thai แพร่ (prɛ̂ɛ).

(~県) Phrae, a province in the northern of Thailand.


コーンウォール

コーンウォール • (Kōnwōru)

ja:コーンウォール (曖昧さ回避)

Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island#English

Cornwall (a town in Prince Edward Island)


しょうわ

しょうわ • (Shōwa)

正和: the Shōwa era of the Kamakura period


ケルベロス

[ke̞ɾɯ̟be̞ɾo̞sɨ]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κέρβερος (Kérberos).

lbor

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Cerberus, the mythical three-headed dog

(astronomy) the 4th moon of Pluto, discovered in 2011


やなぎ

Man'yōgana
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. Cognate with Kunigami 柳 (yanāji), Miyako 柳 (yanagzï), Okinawan 柳 (yanaji) (likely all early borrowings from Middle Japanese).
The ultimate derivation is uncertain, with several theories presented in reference works. Some of the main theories:
* Appears to be derived from a compound, possibly 矢 (ya, “arrow”) + な (na, Old Japanese apophonic form of possessive particle の (no)) + 木 (ki, “tree”). The ki changes to gi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
* Alternatively, the ya might be from the 字音 (jion, “character reading”) of Middle Chinese 楊 (MC yang, “willow”) + Japanese 木 (ki, “tree”).
Considering the existence of synonymous form やぎ (yagi) that appears in certain compounds, the medial na element is likely the particle.
First cited to roughly 759 CE, in the Man'yōshū collection of poetry with the phonetic Man'yōgana spelling 也奈宜.


天照

天照 (canonical)
天照 (canonical)
Amaterasu (romanization)

Daijirin
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. Mentioned in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.
Superficially, a compound of 天 (ama, “sky, the heavens”) + 照らす (terasu, “to illuminate something, to shine upon something”). However, this derives instead as an honorific form of compound verb 天照る (amateru, “to shine in heaven”), as the 照らす (terasu) is not the usual transitive or causative conjugation of the intransitive verb 照る (teru, “to shine, to light up”), but rather an example of the verb with the Old Japanese honorific verb suffix す (-su).
As a verbal epithet, also found in some older texts with the reading Amaderasu, where the terasu changes to derasu as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The name appears to be consistently used without voicing, as Amaterasu.

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) Amaterasu, the Japanese sun goddess


レーダー

ja-pos

レーダー • (Rēdā)

ja:レーダー (ギリシア神話)
ja:レーダー (曖昧さ回避)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Λήδᾱ (Lḗdā)


ムーン

ムーンライター

a moonlighter, someone working a second job


天竺

ja-pos

天(てん)竺(じく) • (Tenjiku) ^(←てんぢく (Tendiku)?)

天竺 (canonical)
Tenjiku (romanization)
Tendiku (romanization)
てんぢく (hiragana historical)

/tendiku/ → /tend͡ʑiku/
From Middle Chinese 天竺 (MC then trjuwk), a transcription from either of the following:
* Old Persian *Hind-uka ("people living beyond the Indus") an alternative of *Hinduš (“Indus, people of the Indus”)
* Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu, “the country of the Indus river, India (later, after Herodotus)”)
First mentioned in the 後漢書 (Gokansho, “Book of the Later Han”), in volume 88, the 西域伝 (Saiiki Den, “Treatise on the Western Regions”).

[tẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑikɯ̟]


撫子

⟨nade si ko₁⟩ → /nadeɕiko/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Izumo-no-kuni Fudoki (733 CE).
Originally derived from 撫で (nade), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 撫づ (nadu), modern 撫でる (naderu, “to brush, stroke, or caress gently”) + し (-shi, continuative suffix) + 子 (-ko, diminutive and feminine suffix).

lang

日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ

日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ


下方

From 下 (shita, “below, down, under”) + 方 (kata, “person”).
Sometimes pronounced with rendaku (連濁).


下方

From 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 方 (kata, “person”).
Sometimes pronounced with rendaku (連濁).


井桁

井桁 (canonical)
Igeta (romanization)
Wigeta (romanization)
ゐげた (hiragana historical)

Compound of 井(い) (i, “well, as in a water source”) + 桁(けた) (keta, “beam, girder”), from the way that four stout wooden beams would be crossed to form the top of a wellhead, similar in shape to a tic-tac-toe board.
The keta changes to geta as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


釋迦牟尼

ja-pos

釋(しゃ)迦(か)牟(む)尼(に) or 釋迦牟尼(シャカムニ) • (Shakamuni)

釋迦牟尼 (canonical)
釋迦牟尼 (canonical)
Shakamuni (romanization)

(Buddhism) Kyūjitai form of 釈迦牟尼 (Śākyamuni)


パーク

パーク • (Pāku)

A transliteration of the English surname Park


ウェイ

Abbreviation of ウェイ川 (Weigawa, “the Wei River”).


どうけい

どうけい • (Dōkei)


諸見里

諸見里 (canonical)
Moromizato (romanization)


綾瀬

Ayase (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


千瑞

千瑞 (canonical)
Chihiro (romanization)
千瑞 (canonical)
Chizu (romanization)


真生

真(まさ)生(お) or 真(まさ)生(き) or 真(ま)生(お) • (Masao or Masaki or Mao)

真生 (canonical)
真生 (canonical)
真生 (canonical)
Masao (romanization)
Masaki (romanization)
Mao (romanization)
真生 (canonical)
真生 (canonical)
Mai (romanization)
Manao (romanization)


難波

難波 (canonical)
Naniwa (romanization)
Nanifa (romanization)
なには (hiragana historical)

/nanipa/ → /naniɸa/ → /naniwa/
From Old Japanese 難波 (Nanipa), possibly from 魚庭 (Nanipa, named due to the large numbers of fish in the nearby waters) or from a corruption of 浪速 (Nami₁paya, in reference to the fast-flowing nearby waters) or 浪花 (Nami₁pana).

(archaic) an old placename for the region that is now known as 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Osaka”)


難波

/nanipa/ → /naniɸa/ → /naɴba/ → /namba/
Shift from Naniwa above.

short for 難波区 (Nanba-ku): the Namba district in Osaka


優香

優香 (canonical)
優香 (canonical)
Yūka (romanization)
Yuka (romanization)


千芳

千(ち)芳(ほ) or 千芳(ちお) or 千芳(ちよ) • (Chiho or Chio or Chiyo)

千芳 (canonical)
千芳 (canonical)
千芳 (canonical)
Chiho (romanization)
Chio (romanization)
Chiyo (romanization)


千芳

千(ち)芳(よし) or 千(かず)芳(よし) • (Chiyoshi or Kazuyoshi)

千芳 (canonical)
千芳 (canonical)
Chiyoshi (romanization)
Kazuyoshi (romanization)


野々口

野々口 (canonical)
Nonoguchi (romanization)


藤森

藤(ふじ)森(もり) • (Fujimori) ^(←ふぢもり (Fudimori)?)

藤森 (canonical)
Fujimori (romanization)
Fudimori (romanization)
ふぢもり (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟ʑimo̞ɾʲi]

Compound of 藤(ふじ) (fuji, “Japanese wisteria”) + 森(もり) (mori, “forest”). Literally, “wisteria forest”.

ja-com

Fujimori (a neighborhood of Meitō, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan)

Fujimori (a neighborhood of Maniwa, Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


藤森

ja-pos

藤森(ふじのもり) • (Fujinomori) ^(←ふぢのもり (Fudinomori)?)

藤森 (canonical)
Fujinomori (romanization)
Fudinomori (romanization)
ふぢのもり (hiragana historical)

[ɸɯ̟ʑino̞mo̞ɾʲi]

Abbreviation of 藤の森 (fuji no mori, “forest of wisteria”).

abbrev

Fujinomori (a neighborhood of Oyabe, Toyama Prefecture, Japan)

Fujinomori (a neighborhood of Yamatotakada, Nara Prefecture, Japan)


船橋

船(ふな) (funa, combining form of 船(ふね) (fune, “ship, vessel”)) + 橋(はし) (hashi, “bridge”). The hashi changes to bashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

ja-compound

Funabashi (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


船橋

船(ふな) (funa, combining form of 船(ふね) (fune, “ship, vessel”)) + 橋(はし) (hashi, “bridge”).


前林

前林 (canonical)
Maebayashi (romanization)


東雲

From 篠の目 (shino no me), 篠 (shino), abbreviation of 篠竹 (shinodake, “a kind of bamboo”), and 目 (me, “eye”). The kanji compound literally means "east clouds", similar to the direction of sunrise. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).


啓十郎

ja-pos

啓(けい)十(じゅう)郎(ろう) • (Keijūrō)


松嶋

松嶋 (canonical)
Matsushima (romanization)


麻実

麻実 (canonical)
麻実 (canonical)
Asami (romanization)
Mami (romanization)


水戸

Mito (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


健史

健(たけ)史(し) or 健(けん)史(し) • (Takeshi or Kenshi)

健史 (canonical)
健史 (canonical)
Takeshi (romanization)
Kenshi (romanization)


南野

南野陽子 ― Minamino Yōko ― Yoko Minamino


南野

南野知惠子 ― Nōno Chieko ― Chieko Nōno


数馬

a neighborhood of Futtsu, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

a village in Iide, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan

a village in Hinohara, Tokyo prefecture, Japan


守口

Moriguchi (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


摩耶

From Middle Chinese 摩耶 (MC ma yae), from Sanskrit माया (māyā́).

摩耶夫人

(Buddhism) Maya (mother of Gautama Buddha)

摩耶山

Maya (a mountain in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


洋文

[çiɾo̞ɸɯ̟mʲi]


純子

純(じゅん)子(こ) or 純(すみ)子(こ) • (Junko or Sumiko)

純子 (canonical)
純子 (canonical)
Junko (romanization)
Sumiko (romanization)


隆太郎

[ɾʲɨːta̠ɾo̞ː]


八代

八代 (canonical)
Yatsushiro (romanization)

Yatsushiro (a city in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


美子

美(よし)子(こ) or 美子(はるこ) or 美子(びこ) • (Yoshiko or Haruko or Biko)

美子 (canonical)
美子 (canonical)
美子 (canonical)
Yoshiko (romanization)
Haruko (romanization)
Biko (romanization)

[ha̠ɾɯ̟̊ko̞]


山城

Compound of 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 城 (shiro, “castle, fortress”).

compound

Yamashiro Province, an old province of Japan


山城

Compound of 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 城 (ki, “castle, fortress”, ancient reading).


結城

結城 (canonical)
Yūki (romanization)
Yufuki (romanization)
ゆふき (hiragana historical)

From the many 楮 (kōzo, “paper mulberry”) trees originally planted there, from 木綿 (yuu, “string made from the fibers of the paper mulberry”), cognate with 結う (yuu, “to tie up”).

Yūki (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


愛菜

愛菜 (canonical)
Aina (romanization)
愛菜 (canonical)
Mana (romanization)


美和

Appears to be a coinage in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 美 (mi, “beauty”) + 和 (wa, “peace, harmony, tranquillity, serenity”).


朝比奈

The kyogen play is named after Asahina Yoshihide.


朝比奈

Medieval-early modern shift from Asahina above.


雨宮

ja-pos

雨(あま)宮(みや) or 雨(あめ)宮(みや) • (Amamiya or Amemiya)

雨宮 (canonical)
雨宮 (canonical)
Amamiya (romanization)
Amemiya (romanization)

ja:雨宮 (曖昧さ回避)


真弓

→ English: Mayumi

Compound of 真(ま) (ma-, “pure, genuine; beautiful”) + 弓(ゆみ) (yumi, “bow”).

ja-com

a neighborhood of Hitachiōta, Ibaraki Prefecture

a neighborhood of Ōhira, Tochigi Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Ikoma and Asuka, Nara Prefecture

a neighborhood of Nagaoka, Niigata Prefecture

a neighborhood of Yamakawa, Fukuoka Prefecture

a neighborhood of Shinchi, Fukushima Prefecture


優実

ja-pos

優実(ゆうみ) • (Yūmi)


拓郎

[ta̠kɯ̟ɾo̞ː]


眞人

眞(まさ)人(と) or 眞人(まこと) or 眞人(まさひと) or 眞人(まつと) or 眞人(まひと) or 眞人(まびと) • (Masato or Makoto or Masahito or Matsuto or Mahito or Mabito)

眞人 (canonical)
眞人 (canonical)
眞人 (canonical)
眞人 (canonical)
眞人 (canonical)
眞人 (canonical)
Masato (romanization)
Makoto (romanization)
Masahito (romanization)
Matsuto (romanization)
Mahito (romanization)
Mabito (romanization)


麻里

麻(ま)里(り) or 麻(あ)里(さと) or 麻(あさ)里(り) • (Mari or Asato or Asari)

麻里 (canonical)
麻里 (canonical)
麻里 (canonical)
Mari (romanization)
Asato (romanization)
Asari (romanization)


麻里

麻(あさ)里(ざと) or 麻(あさ)里(り) • (Asazato or Asari)

麻里 (canonical)
麻里 (canonical)
Asazato (romanization)
Asari (romanization)


瑞穂

Mizuho (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

Ruisui (a rural township in Hualien County, Taiwan)


愛里

A name with a feminine feel and no particular meaning, although 愛 (ai) means “love”.

中島愛里


友紀

友(とも)紀(き) or 友(とも)紀(のり) • (Tomoki or Tomonori)

友紀 (canonical)
Yuki (romanization)
友紀 (canonical)
Yūki (romanization)
友紀 (canonical)
友紀 (canonical)
Tomoki (romanization)
Tomonori (romanization)


金城

金(きん)城(じょう) • (Kinjō) ^(←きんじやう (Kinzyau)?)

金城 (canonical)
Kinjō (romanization)
Kinzyau (romanization)
きんじやう (hiragana historical)

[kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ː]

[kʲĩɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ː]


金城

Kanagi (a former town in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)


豪希

豪希(ごうき) • (Gōki)


瑞紀

瑞(みず)紀(き) or 瑞(たま)紀(き) • (Mizuki or Tamaki)

瑞紀 (canonical)
瑞紀 (canonical)
Mizuki (romanization)
Tamaki (romanization)


和沙

和(かず)沙(さ) or 和(なぎ)沙(さ) • (Kazusa or Nagisa)

和沙 (canonical)
和沙 (canonical)
Kazusa (romanization)
Nagisa (romanization)


天宮

ja:天宮 (曖昧さ回避)


天漢

(astronomy) synonym of 銀河系 (Gingakei, “Milky Way”)


ジュピター

ジュピター • (Jupitā)


ジュピター

ジュピター • (Jupitā)

神々の王で天の支配者ジュピター。

kamigami no ō de ten no shihaisha Jupitā.

Jupiter, the King of gods, ruler of the heavens.


ヴィーナス

ヴィーナス • (Vīnasu)

愛と美の女神ヴィーナス

(rare, Roman mythology) Venus, the Roman goddess


マーズ

マーズ • (Māzu)

Borrowed from English Mars, from Latin Mārs.

alternative spelling of マールス: Mars (the planet more often than the Roman god)


ウラヌス

[ɯ̟ɾa̠nɯ̟sɨ]


サターン

サターン • (Satān)

(Roman mythology, rare) Saturn, the Roman god

Saturn, the class of heavy-lifting rockets


プルート

[pɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːto̞]

プルートー プルートー#Japanese

alternative form of プルートー (Purūtō, “Pluto”) (god)


ネプチューン

[ne̞pɯ̟t͡ɕɨ̃ːɴ]

ネプトゥヌス ネプトゥヌス#Japanese


プルートー

プルートー • (Purūtō)

[pɯ̟ɾɯ̟ːto̞ː]


ちまき

千巻, 千真希, 千真季, 千真樹, 千麻希, 千麻季: a female given name

千麻紀, 千麻樹, 千万喜, 千万希, 千万季, 千万樹: a female given name

千茉希, 千茉季, 千茉紀, 千茉樹, 知槙: a female given name

千馬木, 千牧, 千万騎, 千万亀, 千万城: a unisex given name


十八般兵器

十(じゅう)八(はっ)般(ぱん)兵(へい)器(き) • (Jūhappan Heiki)

十八般兵器 (canonical)
Jūhappan Heiki (romanization)

Eighteen Arms of Wushu, a list of weapons used in Chinese martial arts


マーキュリー

マーキュリー • (Mākyurī)

[ma̠ːkʲɨɾʲiː]

Daijisen
Kōjien
Shinmura Izuru
ja:マーキュリー
ja:松村明

メルクリウス メルクリウス#Japanese

rare form of メルクリウス (Merukuriusu, “Mercury”) (Roman god)

2004 July 20 [2003 September 22], Naoko Takeuchi, “Act(アクト) 2(ツー) 亜(あ)美(み) SAILOR(セーラー)MERCURY(マーキュリー) [Act 2: Ami: SAILOR MERCURY]”, in 美少女戦士(Pretty Guardian)セーラームーン(SAILORMOON) [Sailor Moon], 5th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 79:

The warrior of water and wisdom under Mercury, Sailor Mercury! I’ve been searching for you!

水と知性の戦士 水星の守護を受けし者セーラーマーキュリー！さがしてたわ！あなたを

Mizu to chisei no senshi Mākyurī no shugo o ukeshimono Sērā Mākyurī! Sagashiteta wa! Anata o

(rare) synonym of 水星 (Suisei, “Mercury”) (planet)


おおとり

Ōtori (romanization)
Ofotori (romanization)
おほとり (hiragana historical)

From 大 (ō-, “large, great”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”).


アジア大陸

アジア大陸 (canonical)
Ajia Tairiku (romanization)


亜細亜

Ateji (当て字), from Chinese 亞細亞 /亚细亚 (Yàxìyà).

Asia (the largest continent, located between Europe and the Pacific Ocean)

(historical) Asia (an ancient province of the Roman Empire in modern western Turkey, existing between 133 BC (during the Roman Republic) and the 7th century AD)


亜細亜

(obsolete) alternative spelling of アジヤ (Ajiya): Asia (the largest continent, located between Europe and the Pacific Ocean)


アラビア

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

Arabia (a peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)

(broader sense) Arabia (the region of Western Asia within or adjacent to the Arabian Plate; Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Egyptian Sinai, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates)


八卦

八卦 (canonical)
Hakke (romanization)
Fatike (romanization)
はちけ (hiragana historical)

/pæti kʷe/ → */patikke/ → /fakke/ → /hakke/
From Middle Chinese 八卦 (MC peat kweaH).
The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.


涅槃

From Middle Chinese 涅槃 (MC net ban), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit निर्वाण (nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”) or Pali nibbāna.

der

short for 涅槃経 (Nehan-gyō): the Nirvana Sutra


竜神

(Shinto) a dragon god also known as 海神(わたつみ) (Watatsumi), the tutelary deity of the sea in Japanese mythology


ゼウス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ζεύς (Zeús).

lbor

神

ギリシア神話のオリュンポス十二神 (Girishia shinwa no Oryunposu jūnishin)


アテーナー

ja-pos

アテーナー • (Atēnā)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀθηνᾶ (Athēnâ)


プジョー

ja-pos

プジョー • (Pujō)


スバル

From 昴 (Subaru, “Pleiades star cluster”). See that entry for further details.

Subaru (automotive manufacturing company)


清明

Qingming ("Pure Brightness"), the fifth of the 24 solar terms in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, occurring from the 4th or 5th of April until the 18th or 19th

立春

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


南洋

南(なん)洋(よう) • (Nan'yō) ^(←なんやう (Nan'yau)?)

南洋 (canonical)
Nan'yō (romanization)
Nan'yau (romanization)
なんやう (hiragana historical)

(especially pre-WWII) South Seas; Southeast Asia


ニューヨークしゅう

ニューヨークしゅう • (Nyūyōkushū)

ニューヨーク州 ニューヨーク州#Japanese


アフロディーテ

愛と美の女神アフロディーテ

Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty.

アプロディーテー アプロディーテー#Japanese

alternative form of アプロディーテー (Apurodītē, “Aphrodite”) (Greek goddess)


マルス

alternative form of マールス (Mārusu, “Mars”) (god of war)


アレース

アレース • (Arēsu)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄρης (Árēs).

lbor

(Greek mythology) alternative form of アレス (Aresu, “Ares”)


マールス

神

ローマ神話のオリュンポス十二神 (Rōma shinwa no Oryunposu jūnishin)


篝火

Compound of 篝 (kagari, “iron basket for a fire”) + 火 (hi, “fire”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


福禄寿

福禄寿 (canonical)
Fukurokuju (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɾo̞kɯ̟ʑɨ]

From Middle Chinese 福祿壽 /福禄寿 (Fú-Lù-Shòu). Considered in Japan to be one of the Seven Lucky Gods starting from the Muromachi Period.

(Shinto): Fukurokuju; a god of happiness, wealth, and longevity, and one of the seven gods of good fortune

布袋

the fat and happy god of abundance and good health

弁才天, 弁財天

goddess of knowledge, art and beauty, especially music


セレス

(Roman mythology) Ceres, the Roman goddess

(astronomy) A celestial body orbiting between Mars and Jupiter; previously defined as an asteroid; now officially known as a dwarf planet; officially called 1 Ceres.


デメテル

デーメーテール デーメーテール#Japanese

alternative form of デーメーテール (Dēmētēru, “Demeter”)


優美

優美 (canonical)
Yumi (romanization)
優美 (canonical)
Masami (romanization)
優美 (canonical)
Yoshimi (romanization)
優美 (canonical)
Yūbi (romanization)
優美 (canonical)
Yūmi (romanization)


道師

道師 (canonical)
Michi no Shi (romanization)

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Ultimately composed of 道 (michi, “way, method”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 師 (shi, “master, teacher, leader”).

(historical) the fifth-highest of the 八色の姓 (Yakusa no Kabane, “eight hereditary titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu”) . There are no records of this title ever being granted, and it is unclear what the title might have indicated.


さえ

宮川紗江


醍醐

From Middle Chinese 醍醐 (MC dej hu), itself a translation of Sanskrit मण्ड (maṇḍa, literally “cream of milk”).


千本

Compound of 千 (sen, “one thousand”) + 本 (hon, counter for long slender objects). The hon changes to bon as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

a train station and the surrounding area in Tatsuno, Hyōgo Prefecture


雛菊

Compound of 雛 (hina, “mini”) + 菊 (kiku, “chrysanthemum”). The kiku changes to giku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First recorded in a botanical work from 1884.


節分

[se̞t͡sɨbɯ̟̃ɴ]

Compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 節 (setsu, “season”) + 分 (bun, “division, separation”).

com

a kyogen play set on the night of Setsubun where a female house-sitter tricks a demon using magical items, culminating in her throwing roasted soybeans to drive it away


プシケ

Ultimately a learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ψυχή (psukhḗ).

lbor

16 Psyche
Psyche (mythology)
Psyche (psychology)
ja:プシケ (小惑星)
ja:プシュケー
ja:プシューケー

プシューケー プシューケー#Japanese

alternative spelling of プシューケー: the goddess Psyche


プシューケー

ja-pos

プシューケー • (Pushūkē)

[pɯ̟ɕɨːke̞ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ψυχή (Psukhḗ).


デーモン

ja-pos

デーモン • (Dēmon)

A transliteration of the English male given name Damon


道行

道(どう)行(ぎょう) • (Dōgyō) ^(←だうぎやう (Daugyau)?)

道行 (canonical)
Dōgyō (romanization)
Daugyau (romanization)
だうぎやう (hiragana historical)

(historical) a monk, purportedly a native of 新羅 (Shiragi, “Silla”) who attempted to escape with the 草薙剣 (Kusanagi no Tsurugi, literally “grasscutting sword”), but was returned due to a rainstorm


道行

Compound of 道 (michi, “road”) + 行き (yuki, “going”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 行く (yuku), “to go”).


パラス

(Greek mythology) Pallas; The name of several people in Greek mythology:

An epithet for Athena; later Pallas Athena.

(astronomy) The second largest asteroid, 2 Pallas


アテナ

アテーナー アテーナー#Japanese

alternative form of アテーナー (Atēnā, “Athena”)


刹那

/setina/ → /setuna/
Shift in pronunciation from sechina above, using the kan'yōon of setsu for the first kanji.
This reading is now the most common.


官報

ja-pos

官(かん)報(ぽう) • (Kanpō) ^(←くわんぽう (Kwanpou)?)

官報 (canonical)
Kanpō (romanization)
Kwanpou (romanization)
くわんぽう (hiragana historical)

en:Kanpō (Japanese government gazette)
ja:官報


アーガイル

アーガイル • (Āgairu)

[a̠ːɡa̠iɾɯ̟]


アーカンソー

アーカンソー • (Ākansō)

[a̠ːkã̠ɰ̃so̞ː]

Borrowed from English Arkansas, from French pronunciation of Siouan, meaning “land of downriver people” in Quapaw/Kansa and “people of the south wind” in Dakota/Lakota.

(~州) Arkansas (a state of the United States)


フォルトゥナ

[ɸo̞ɾɯ̟tɯ̟na̠]

(Roman mythology) Fortuna, the ancient Roman goddess of luck, fortune and fate.


アストレア

(Greek mythology) Astraea, the Greek goddess of stars, and a goddess of justice.


ジャージー

ジャージー • (Jājī)

ja:ジャージー (曖昧さ回避)

Jersey (an island and dependency of the United Kingdom)

Jersey (a town in Georgia, United States)


行方

行方 (canonical)
Yukue (romanization)
Yukufe (romanization)
ゆくへ (hiragana historical)

⟨yukupe₁⟩ → */jukupʲe/ → /jukuɸe/ → /jukuwe/ → /jukue/
From Old Japanese.
From verb 行く (yuku, “to go”) + 辺 (-he, “direction, location”).


行方

Also spelled Namekata (without rendaku) in older texts.

Namegata (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


行方

ja-pos

行方(ぎょうほう) • (Gyōhō) ^(←ぎやうはう (Gyaufau)?)

行方 (canonical)
Gyōhō (romanization)
Gyaufau (romanization)
ぎやうはう (hiragana historical)


行方

行方(ひじかた) • (Hijikata) ^(←ひぢかた (Fidikata)?)

行方 (canonical)
Hijikata (romanization)
Fidikata (romanization)
ひぢかた (hiragana historical)


朱雀

the Vermillion Bird of the South; guardian creature of the south


朱雀

朱(す)雀(じゃく) • (Sujaku) ^(←すじやく (Suzyaku)?)

朱雀 (canonical)
Sujaku (romanization)
Suzyaku (romanization)
すじやく (hiragana historical)


朱雀

朱(しゅ)雀(さか) • (Shusaka) ^(←しゆさか (Syusaka)?)

朱雀 (canonical)
Shusaka (romanization)
Syusaka (romanization)
しゆさか (hiragana historical)


朱雀

朱(しゅ)雀(じゃく) • (Shujaku) ^(←しゆじやく (Syuzyaku)?)

朱雀 (canonical)
Shujaku (romanization)
Syuzyaku (romanization)
しゆじやく (hiragana historical)

(Chinese astronomy) general term for the seven mansions of the south in Chinese astronomy


朱雀

朱(しゅ)雀(じゃか) • (Shujaka) ^(←しゆじやか (Syuzyaka)?)

朱雀 (canonical)
Shujaka (romanization)
Syuzyaka (romanization)
しゆじやか (hiragana historical)


白虎

白(びゃっ)虎(こ) • (Byakko) ^(←びやくこ (Byakuko)?)

白虎 (canonical)
Byakko (romanization)
Byakuko (romanization)
びやくこ (hiragana historical)

White Tiger, one of the Four Symbols in the Chinese constellations


白虎

白虎 (canonical)
Hakko (romanization)
Fakuko (romanization)
はくこ (hiragana historical)


玄武

the Black Tortoise, literally "Black Warrior" (one of the Four Symbols, who keeps watch in the north).


青竜

青(せい)竜(りゅう) • (Seiryū) ^(←せいりゆう (Seiryuu)?)

青竜 (canonical)
Seiryū (romanization)
Seiryuu (romanization)
せいりゆう (hiragana historical)

Azure Dragon, one of the Four Symbols in the Chinese constellations


青竜

青(せい)竜(りょう) • (Seiryō) ^(←せいりよう (Seiryou)?)

青竜 (canonical)
Seiryō (romanization)
Seiryou (romanization)
せいりよう (hiragana historical)


青竜

青(しょう)竜(りゅう) • (Shōryū) ^(←しやうりゆう (Syauryuu)?)

青竜 (canonical)
Shōryū (romanization)
Syauryuu (romanization)
しやうりゆう (hiragana historical)


神無

(rare) a female given name, usually used in fiction


揚子江

揚(よう)子(す)江(こう) • (Yōsukō) ^(←やうすかう (Yausukau)?)

揚子江 (canonical)
Yōsukō (romanization)
Yausukau (romanization)
やうすかう (hiragana historical)


神人

From Middle Chinese compound 神人 (MC zyin nyin). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.


十六夜

十六夜(いざよい) • (Izayoi) ^(←いざよひ (Izayofi)?)

十六夜 (canonical)
Izayoi (romanization)
Izayofi (romanization)
いざよひ (hiragana historical)

Daijisen
Edo Period
Heian Period
Kamakura Period
Nara Period
ja:松村明

⟨isayo₁pi₁⟩ → */isajʷopʲi/ → /isajopi/ → /isajofi/ → /izajofi/ → /izajowi/ → /izajoi/
From Old Japanese. Read as isayopi in the Nara Period, shifting to isayofi and izayofi alternating in free variation with in the Heian Period, and settling on izayoi thereafter.
Derived as the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 猶予(いざよ)う (izayou, “to pause, to hesitate”).
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), literally the "sixteenth night → night after the full moon". This sense arose from the way the moonrise is slightly later just after the full moon, as if the moon is hesitating.

ja-etym-renyokei

十六夜日記: single-volume travelogue written in the mid-Kamakura Period by the Buddhist nun Abutsu-ni

十六夜日記残月鈔: The first annotation of the Izayoi Nikki. It consists of three volumes

jointly written by late-Edo Period literary scholar Oyamada Tomoyuki and his apprentice Hōjō Tokichika

十六夜薔薇

species of rose native to east Asia, Rosa roxburghii, member of sub-genus Platyrhodon


鳥居

鳥居 (canonical)
Torii (romanization)
Toriwi (romanization)
とりゐ (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 鳥居 /鸟居 (niǎojū)

→ English: torii

→ Korean: 도리이 (dorii)

→ Russian: то́рии (tórii)

Compound of 鳥 (tori, “bird”) + 居 (i, “abode”). From old legends about birds possessed by kami and sitting on tree branches.
First cited to a text from 922 CE.


北陸

[ho̞kɯ̟ɾʲikɯ̟]

Named after Hokurikudō (北陸道(ほくりくどう) (hokurikudō), literally "northern land circuit"), a historical region under the ancient Gokishichidō system.

Hokuriku (a geographical region in central Japan, traditionally composed of the prefectures of Fukui, Ishikawa, Toyama and (sometimes) Niigata)


大雪

literally, “heavy snow”; one of the solar terms


ネメシス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Νέμεσις (Némesis)


正義の女神

正義の女神 (canonical)
Seigi no Megami (romanization)

From 正義 (seigi, “justice”) + の (no, attributive marker) + 女神 (megami, “goddess”).


自由の女神

自由の女神 (canonical)
Jiyū no Megami (romanization)

From 自由 (jiyū, “freedom; liberty”) + の (no, attributive marker) + 女神 (megami, “goddess”).


蛭子

Hiruko: Given the spelling in 古事記 (Kojiki) (水蛭子) and the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki) (蛭兒), and the fact that Hiruko was considered a deformed failure owing to the improper courtship ritual between 伊弉諾 (Izanagi) and 伊弉冉 (Izanami), this name is usually interpreted as 蛭 (“leech”) + 子 (“child”). Alternatively, this could be the male equivalent of 日孁 (Hirume, “Amaterasu”, literally “Sun Female”), hence 日 (hi, “sun”) + る (ru, possible variant of archaic genitive particle ろ) + 子 (ko, “child”), although his association with the sun was never clearly stated.

possible variant of archaic genitive particle <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">ろ</i>

(Japanese mythology) son of 伊弉諾 (Izanagi) and 伊弉冉 (Izanami), born either before or after 淡路島 (Awajishima, “Awaji Island”) during his parents' nation birthing process (his "siblings" included islands), considered a deformed failure, disowned by his parents, and sent adrift on reed boat


身毒

(rare, obsolete) the Chinese term used to refer to India; India


中州

ja-pos

中(ちゅう)州(しゅう) • (Chūshū) ^(←ちゆうしう (Tyuusiu)?)

中州 (canonical)
Chūshū (romanization)
Tyuusiu (romanization)
ちゆうしう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 中州 (*djiung *jiou). Compare modern Chinese 中州 (Zhōngzhōu).


おしさか

Oshisaka (romanization)
忍阪 (alternative)

c. 5-6th century: Suda Hachiman Jinja Bronze Mirror
癸未年八月日十大王年男弟王在意柴沙加宮時斯麻念長寿遣開中費直穢人今州利二人等取白上同二百旱作此竟

(historical) 忍坂: Oshisaka (a historical name of Sakurai, a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


おさか

意佐加能 意富牟盧夜爾 比登佐波爾 岐伊理袁理 比登佐波爾 伊理袁理登母 美都美都斯 久米能古賀 久夫都都伊 伊斯都都伊母知 宇知弖斯夜麻牟 美都美都斯 久米能古良賀 久夫都都伊 伊斯都都伊母知 伊麻宇多婆余良斯

於佐箇廼、於朋務露夜珥、比苔瑳破而、異離烏利苔毛、比苔瑳破而、枳伊離烏利苔毛、瀰都瀰都志、倶梅能固邏餓、句鶩都都伊、異志都都伊毛智、于智弖之夜莽務

山口坐皇神等能前爾白久、飛鳥・石寸・忍坂・長谷・畝火・耳无登、御名者白弖 [...]

927, Engishiki (Kojiki, Norito page 392)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(historical) 忍坂:: Osaka (a historical name of Sakurai, a city in Nara Prefecture, Japan)


逢坂

逢(おう)坂(さか) • (Ōsaka) ^(←あふさか (Afusaka)?)

逢坂 (canonical)
Ōsaka (romanization)
Afusaka (romanization)
あふさか (hiragana historical)

/apusaka/ → /aɸusaka/ → */awusaka/ → /ausaka/ → /ɔːsaka/ → /oːsaka/
Literally "meeting hill". Often used figuratively as a place of meeting or separation between men and women.

an abbreviation for the Ōsaka Checkpoint, a checkpoint located to the south of Ōtsu, Shiga at Ōsaka Mountain

an abbreviation for Ōsaka Mountain, a 325 meter mountain located between Ōtsu City and Kyōto City


アルテミス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἄρτεμις (Ártemis)


ダイアナ

ja:ダイアナ (小惑星)


国技館

国技館 (canonical)
Kokugikan (romanization)

国技 (kokugi, “national sport”) + 館 (-kan)


かぐや

The main character in "The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter", said to be the oldest Japanese folktale.


順次

[d͡ʑɨ̃ɲ̟d͡ʑi]


教皇

ja:教皇 (タロット)

ja-pos

教(きょう)皇(こう) • (Kyōkō) ^(←けうくわう (Keukwau)?)

教皇 (canonical)
Kyōkō (romanization)
Keukwau (romanization)
けうくわう (hiragana historical)

From 教 (kyō, “teaching; religion”) + 皇 (kō, ō, “emperor”).


運命の輪

運命の輪 (canonical)
Unmei no Wa (romanization)

運命 (unmei, “fortune”) + の (no, “of”) + 輪 (wa, “wheel”)


鳴門

From Etymology 1 above.
The “edible seaweed” sense is associated with 鳴門若布 (Naruto wakame), which is traditionally made in Naruto, Tokushima.

short for 鳴門市 (Naruto-shi): a city in northwestern Tokushima Prefecture

鳴門市

short for 鳴門海峡 (Naruto-kaikyō): Naruto Strait, famous for its eponymous whirlpools


暹羅

暹羅 (canonical)
暹羅 (canonical)
Shamu (romanization)

1903, 巖谷小波, 洋行土產, volume 2, 博文館, page 271:

此間日本へも御來遊のあつた、暹羅の皇太子殿下が、伯林市を見舞はれたのは、たしか去年の五月頃であつた。

Kono aida Nihon e mo go-raiyū no atta, Shamu no kōtaishi-denka ga, Berurin-shi o mimawareta no wa, tashika kyonen no go-gatsu-goro de atta.

而して、最も尊敬すべき釋尊の御舍利は、世界唯一の佛敎國たる暹羅國の皇帝陛下へ寄贈されたのである

shikashite, mottomo sonkei-su-beki shakuson no o-shari wa, sekai yuiitsu no bukkyō-koku-taru Shamu-koku no kōtei-heika e kisō-sareta no de aru


暹羅

暹羅 (canonical)
暹羅 (canonical)
Shamuro (romanization)

Ateji (当て字), from Chinese 暹羅 /暹罗 (Xiānluó).

大辞泉 w:ja:大辞泉

広辞苑 w:ja:広辞苑

大辞林 w:ja:大辞林

synonym of シャム (Shamu): (historical) Siam (former name of Thailand: a country in Southeast Asia)


ゆみ

裕美, 由美, 有美, 優美, 友美, 裕実, 由実, 有実, 優実, 友実, 祐未, 結実: a female given name

如巳, 友巳, 由巳, 祐巳, 祐美, 夕美: a female given name


キルギスタン

(dated) synonym of キルギス (Kirigisu): Kyrgyzstan, Kirghizia (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


モニカ

A transliteration of the English female given name Monika or Monica


月読

月読 (canonical)
月読 (canonical)
Tsukiyomi (romanization)

Shift from Old Japanese 月讀 (tukuyo₂mi₁), using the modern reading of 月 (tsuki, “moon”).

(Japanese mythology) short for 月読尊 (Tsukiyomi no mikoto): Tsukuyomi, the moon god in Shinto mythology

月読宮

Tsukiyomi-no-miya, a shrine to Tsukuyomi in the Miyajiri area of Ise, Mie Prefecture


犬科

犬科 (canonical)
犬科 (canonical)
Inu-ka (romanization)

canids: イヌ科: 犬 · 狼 · 狐 · コヨーテ · ジャッカル [edit]


韓國語

韓國語 (canonical)
Kankokugo (romanization)

Kyūjitai form of 韓国語: Korean language of South Korea


ジョンソン

[d͡ʑõ̞ɰ̃sõ̞ɴ]

From English Johnson and English Jonson.


ジョーンズ

ja-pos

ジョーンズ • (Jōnzu)


ミラー

ミラー • (Mirā)


ガルシア

A transliteration of the Spanish surname García


アンダーソン

アンダーソン • (Andāson)

A transliteration of the English surname Anderson


ロビンソン

A transliteration of the English surname Robinson


ヒューズ

ヒューズ • (Hyūzu)


ジャクソン

Jackson (the capital city of Mississippi, United States and one of the two county seats of Hinds County)

Jackson (a city, the county seat of Amador County, California)

Jackson (a city, the county seat of Butts County, Georgia, United States)

Breathitt County
Breathitt County#English

Jackson (a city, the county seat of Breathitt County, Kentucky)

Jackson (a city, the county seat of Jackson County, Michigan)

Jackson (a city, the county seat of Jackson County, Minnesota)

Cape Girardeau County
Cape Girardeau County#English

Jackson (a city, the county seat of Cape Girardeau County, Missouri)

Jackson (a city, the county seat of Jackson County, Ohio)

Jackson (a city, the county seat of Madison County, Tennessee)


スティーブ

スティーブ • (Sutību)


スティーヴ

スティーヴ • (Sutīvu)


スティーブン

スティーブン • (Sutībun)

[sɨtʲiːbɯ̟̃ɴ]


スティーヴン

スティーヴン • (Sutīvun)


フン

the Huns, the Hun ethnic group: a nomadic group of horse riders originating in Central Asia


フォーク

フォーク • (Fōku)

ja:フォーク
ja:フォーク郡 (サウスダコタ州)


フォーク

フォーク • (Fōku)


不知火

不知(しらぬ)火(い) • (Shiranui) ^(←しらぬひ (Siranufi)?)

不知火 (canonical)
Shiranui (romanization)
Siranufi (romanization)
しらぬひ (hiragana historical)

/ɕiranu ɸi/ → /ɕiranuwi/ → /ɕiranui/
From 知らぬ (shiranu, “unknown”, archaic negative form of 知る (shiru), “to know”) + 火 (hi, “fire”). Literally “unknown fire”, incorporating the 不知 kanbun or Chinese-derived spelling for the 知らぬ (shiranu, “not know(n), unknown”) portion.
First attested in a text from 1470.

com

archaic negative form of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">知る</i> (shiru), “to know”

不知火型: one of the kata performed by a yokozuna when entering the dohyō


テイラー

ja-pos

テイラー • (Teirā)


鍛冶

鍛冶 (canonical)
Kaji (romanization)
Kadi (romanization)
かぢ (hiragana historical)

⟨kana uti⟩ → ⟨kanuti⟩ → */kaᶮdi/ → /kad͡ʑi/ → /kaʑi/
Shift from Old Japanese 鍛 (kanuti, modern pronunciation kanuchi, literally “forging, smithing”), equivalent to a compound of 金 (kana, ancient combining form of kane, “metal”) + 打ち (uchi, “striking”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 鍛冶 /锻冶 (duànyě).


伊東

Itō (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


セレネ

セレーネー セレーネー#Japanese


恭子

ja-pos

恭(きょう)子(こ) or 恭(やす)子(こ) • (Kyōko or Yasuko)

恭子 (canonical)
恭子 (canonical)
Kyōko (romanization)
Yasuko (romanization)


章一郎

章一郎 (canonical)
Shōichirō (romanization)

[ɕo̞ːit͡ɕiɾo̞ː]


美栄

美栄 (canonical)
美栄 (canonical)
Mie (romanization)
Yoshie (romanization)


亮子

亮(りょう)子(こ) or 亮子(ゆきこ) • (Ryōko or Yukiko)

亮子 (canonical)
亮子 (canonical)
Ryōko (romanization)
Yukiko (romanization)


幸枝

幸(さち)枝(え) or 幸(ゆき)枝(え) • (Sachie or Yukie)

幸枝 (canonical)
幸枝 (canonical)
Sachie (romanization)
Yukie (romanization)


美姫

Attachment of felicitous characters to the existing feminine name Miki.


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
Shion (romanization)
Siwon (romanization)
しをん (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 紫菀 (MC tsjeX 'jwonX). Compare modern Mandarin 紫菀 (zǐwǎn).

紫苑色: a specific color coordination when wearing layered robe

usually with violet as one of the layers


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
Shioni (romanization)
Siwoni (romanization)
しをに (hiragana historical)

Alteration from shion, where the final moraic n changed to ni.
/ɕion/ → /ɕioni/


紫苑

紫苑 (canonical)
Shien (romanization)
Siwen (romanization)
しゑん (hiragana historical)

Alteration from shion, using the kan'on reading of en for the second character. Less common.


宏一

ビッグモーター ja:w:ビッグモーター

兼(かね)重(しげ)宏(こう)一(いち) (Kaneshige Kōichi) (born 1988), former Vice-President of ビッグモーター (Biggu Mōtā, “BIG MOTOR Co., Ltd.”)

浜(はま)田(だ)宏(こう)一(いち) (Hamada Kōichi) (born 1936), the Tuntex Professor Emeritus of Economics at Yale University

水(みず)島(しま)宏(こう)一(いち) (Mizushima Kōichi) (born 1965), former gymnast and Olympian

山(やま)寺(でら)宏(こう)一(いち) (Yamadera Kōichi) (born 1961), actor, narrator, and singer


セレーネー

セレーネー • (Serēnē)

(Greek mythology) The goddess of the Moon, Selene.


成子

成(せい)子(こ) or 成(しげ)子(こ) • (Seiko or Shigeko)

成子 (canonical)
成子 (canonical)
Seiko (romanization)
Shigeko (romanization)


隆大

隆(たか)大(ひろ) or 隆(りゅう)大(だい) • (Takahiro or Ryūdai)

隆大 (canonical)
隆大 (canonical)
Takahiro (romanization)
Ryūdai (romanization)


密林

[mʲit͡sɨɾʲĩɴ]

2019 March 19, “ワイ、密林の倉庫でバイト戦士になる”, in 5ちゃんねる, archived from the original on 2019-12-21:

ワイ、密林の倉庫でバイト戦士になる

wai, mitsurin no sōko de baito senshi ni naru

I became a part-time-job warrior at Amazon’s warehouse

(Internet slang) Amazon (Amazon.com Inc)


高砂国

高砂国 (canonical)
Takasago Koku (romanization)

(archaic) Takasago, an old name for Taiwan.


七草の節句

^ななくさ の ^せっく

七(なな)草(くさ)の節(せっ)句(く) • (Nanakusa no Sekku)

七草の節句 (canonical)
Nanakusa no Sekku (romanization)

The festival of seven herbs; also known as 人日 (じんじつ, jinjitsu): "human day," one of the five seasonal festivals (五節句 (gosekku). It is celebrated on January 7.


須佐之男

須(す)佐(さ)之(の)男(お) or 須佐之男(スサノオ) • (Susanoo) ^(←すさのを (Susanowo)?)

須佐之男 (canonical)
須佐之男 (canonical)
Susanoo (romanization)
Susanowo (romanization)
すさのを (hiragana historical)

Uncertain, with many possible derivations. One of the more compelling explanations is that this is a compound of すさ (susa, “roughness, wildness”, root word unattested in isolation, but found in terms such as 凄まじい (susamajii, “terrible, dreadful”) or 荒む (susamu, “to be wild, to be savage”)) + の (no, possessive particle) + 男 (o, “man”). In this case, 須佐 (Susa) would be ateji (当て字).
Another theory is that this may be a compound of 須佐 (Susa, name of a place in Japan, where the god is supposed to have first touched earth) + の (no, possessive particle) + 男 (o, “man”).

lang

神道の本：八百万の神々がつどう秘教的祭祀の世界

神道の本：八百万の神々がつどう秘教的祭祀の世界

(Shinto, Japanese mythology) Susanoo, the Japanese god of storms


伊邪那岐

ja-pos

伊(い)邪(ざ)那(な)岐(ぎ) or 伊邪那岐(イザナギ) or 伊(い)邪(ざ)那(な)岐(き) or 伊邪那岐(イザナキ) • (Izanagi or Izanaki)

伊邪那岐 (canonical)
伊邪那岐 (canonical)
伊邪那岐 (canonical)
伊邪那岐 (canonical)
Izanagi (romanization)
Izanaki (romanization)

Uncertain. The pronunciation of the name shifted from Izanaki to Izanagi. The older Izanaki is still used as an alternative reading.
Possible etymologies
* Old Japanese いざ (iza, a beckoning interjection or call similar to hey and the root of verb 誘う (izanau, “to beckon, to call; to tempt”)) + な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle, superseded by の (no)) + き (ki, “male”, common element in Japanese male given names)
*: This theory dates to 1798 in the 古事記伝 (Kojiki-den, “Commentaries on the Kojiki”) by Motoori Norinaga, a scholar of ancient Japanese. This etymology would suggest that the name Izanagi meant something like “the (male) caller, the (male) beckoner”, perhaps in reference to Izanagi's calling forth of the islands of Japan from the sea.
* iza as alteration of isa from 功 (isao, “deed, exploit”) + な (na, Old Japanese possessive particle) + き (ki, “male”)
*: This dates to the 1954 book 神代史の新研究 (Jindaishi no Shin Kenkyū, “New Research into the Chronicles of the Age of Gods”) by Kurakichi Shiratori. A possible flaw is that isao derives from older adjectival form isawoshi, and further truncation from isao to isa might seem unlikely. However, isa is found as a root in other words such as 勇める (isameru, “to add power to: to encourage, to urge onwards”) or 鯨, 勇魚 (isana, “whale”, apparently isa “power” + na “fish”).
* izana as alteration of ishana in Buddhist term 伊舎那天 (Ishanaten, the ruler of the sixth heaven of the realm of cravings) + き (ki, “male”)
*: This theory is one of the older ones, dating to a text in 1339 by Kitabatake Chikafusa, the 神皇正統記 (Jinnō Shōtōki, “Chronicles of the Authentic Lineages of the Divine Emperors”). The ishana in Ishanaten is a borrowing from Sanskrit ईशान (īśāna, “lord, ruler”), which is suggestively also used in Sanskrit as an epithet for Vishnu, the Hindu god of creation and existence. A possible flaw is that it may be unlikely to use a borrowed Buddhist term for a native creation god. However, Buddhism arrived in Japan around 552 (possibly even centuries earlier), or at least some 160 years before the first mention of Izanagi, perhaps leaving time for borrowed words to gain acceptance.

com

(Japanese mythology) Izanagi, the Japanese creator god, and the father of Amaterasu, Tsukuyomi and Susanoo


伊邪那美

ja-pos

伊(い)邪(ざ)那(な)美(み) or 伊邪那美(イザナミ) • (Izanami)

伊邪那美 (canonical)
伊邪那美 (canonical)
Izanami (romanization)

Appears to be of identical derivation as 伊邪那岐 (Izanagi), only replacing the last syllable き (ki, “male”, common element in Japanese male given names) with み (mi, “female”, common element in Japanese female given names). See the 伊邪那岐 entry for further details. The kanji are ateji (当て字).

(Japanese mythology) Izanami, the Japanese creator goddess, wife of Izanagi, and mother of Kagutsuchi


ルナ

(Roman mythology) The goddess of the Moon, Luna.


ディアーナ

ディアーナ • (Diāna)


神楽

/kamu kura/ → /kankura/ → /kaŋɡura/ → /kaɡura/
From Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 神 (kamu, “spirit, god”, combining form) + 座 (kura, “seat”). The kura changes to gura as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The original compound referred to the place used to call down the 神 (kami, “spirits and gods”) to earth, when a 巫女 (miko, “shrine maiden”) would act as a medium for the kami. Over time, the term came to refer to the music and dance of the ceremony. The use of the 楽 character here is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), reflecting the change in meaning.


神楽

[d͡ʑĩn̺ɾa̠kɯ̟]

Probably from Middle Chinese 神樂 (MC zyin lak, literally “god, spirit + happy”).


クェゼリン

[kᵝe̞ze̞ɾʲĩɴ]


テネシー州

テネシー州 (canonical)
Teneshī Shū (romanization)

United States of America
United States of America

Tennessee - a state of the United States of America (postal abbreviation TN) located in the Southeastern United States, with its capital at Nashville and the largest city being Memphis.


フェイスブック

[ɸe̞ːsɨ̥bɯ̟k̚kɯ̟]


つくよみ

つくよみ (canonical)
ツクヨミ (canonical)
Tsukuyomi (romanization)


ツクヨミ

ツクヨミ (canonical)
つくよみ (canonical)
Tsukuyomi (romanization)


アミ

(only in compounds) Amis (Taiwanese indigenous people)


家茂

Unclear. The mochi reading for 茂 is irregular. The kanji spelling may be ateji for 家持ち (iemochi, “homeowner”). Alternatively, the reading of the second character may be a shift from 茂し (moshi, “lush, luxuriant, flourishing”, obsolete adjective).


伊弉冉尊

ja-pos

伊(い)弉(ざ)冉(な)尊(み) or 伊弉冉尊(イザナミ) • (Izanami)

伊弉冉尊 (canonical)
伊弉冉尊 (canonical)
Izanami (romanization)
伊邪那美 (alternative)
伊邪那美命 (alternative)

(Shinto) Izanami, the Japanese creator goddess; the wife of Izanagi.


伊邪那美命

伊邪那美命(いざなみ) or 伊邪那美命(イザナミ) • (Izanami)

伊邪那美命 (canonical)
伊邪那美命 (canonical)
Izanami (romanization)
伊弉冉尊 (alternative)
伊邪那美 (alternative)

(Shinto): Izanami, the Japanese creator goddess; the wife of Izanagi.


木花開耶姫

木花開耶姫(このはなのさくやひめ) or 木花開耶姫(このはなのさくやびめ) • (Konohananosakuya-Hime or Konohananosakuya-Bime)

木花開耶姫 (canonical)
木花開耶姫 (canonical)
Konohananosakuya-Hime (romanization)
Konohananosakuya-Bime (romanization)

From Old Japanese. Mentioned in the Kojiki of 712 and the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Compound of 木 (ko, “tree”, ancient combining form) + の (no, possessive particle) + 花 (hana, “flower”) + 咲く (saku, “to bloom”) + や (ya, unclear, possibly the ya used to form classical -na adjectives referring to the perception of a state) + 姫 (hime, “princess”).
Also encountered with a shifted reading, wherein the hime changes to bime as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

(Shinto, Japanese mythology) the goddess of Mount Fuji, the blossom-princess and symbol of delicate earthly life

Kojiki
Konohanasakuya-hime
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Nihon Shoki
ja:木花開耶姫


桜木

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠ɡʲi]

Compound of 桜 (sakura, “cherry, cherry tree”) + 木 (ki, “tree”). The ki changes to gi as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..
The term 桜 (sakura) on its own is ambiguous, and could be used to mean either the tree or the blossom. The addition of 木 (ki, “tree”) makes this distinction clear.


毘沙門

[bʲiɕa̠mõ̞ɴ]

(Shinto) Bishamonten, Japanese name for the Hindu god Vaiśravaṇa

大黒

the god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikoku are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops.

恵比須

god of fishers or merchants, often depicted carrying a sea bream.

布袋

the fat and happy god of abundance and good health.

弁才天

The Japanese name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati. The goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers.

吉祥天

the goddess of happiness, charm and beauty, of fertility, nature, and of human creativity, and the patronesses of joy, amusement and festivities.


大黒

(Shinto) Daikokuten, Japanese name for the Hindu god Mahākāla


寿老人

(Shinto) Jurōjin, Japanese god of longevity


布袋

(Shinto) Hotei, Budai, the fat and happy god of abundance and good health

弁財天: the Japanese name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati

吉祥天

the goddess of happiness, charm and beauty, of fertility, nature, and of human creativity, and the patronesses of joy, amusement and festivities

毘沙門天

毘沙門天 びしゃもんてん

大黒, 大黒天

the god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikoku are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops


恵比須

ja-pos

恵(え)比(び)須(す) or 恵比須(ゑびす) • (Ebisu) ^(←えびす (Ebisu)?)

恵比須 (canonical)
恵比須 (canonical)
Ebisu (romanization)
えびす (hiragana historical)

(Shinto, Japanese mythology) Ebisu, the Japanese god of fishermen, commerce and merchants, and workingmen, as well as the guardian of the health and well-being of small children

福禄寿

the god of happiness, wealth and longevity

毘沙門, 毘沙門天

毘沙門天 びしゃもんてん

弁才天

Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers

地蔵

bodhisattva who looks over children and travelers


木屋町

木屋町 (canonical)
Kiyamachi (romanization)

Compound of 木屋 (kiya, “lumber shed; lumber seller”) + 町 (machi, “town; district”). So named for the number of lumber sellers in that part of Kyōto in the early Edo period. Now known for 旅館 (ryokan, “inns”) and 料亭 (ryōtei, “high-end restaurants”).

compound

a district and street in Kyōto, running north and south along the Takase River

Edo period
Kiyamachi Street
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:木屋町


きやまち

木屋町: a district and street in Kyōto, running north and south along the Takase River


ビーバー

ja-pos

ビーバー • (Bībā)

ja:ビーバー (曖昧さ回避)

Beaver (a town, the county seat of Beaver County, Oklahoma)

Beaver (a borough, the county seat of Beaver County, Pennsylvania)

Beaver (a city, the county seat of Beaver County, Utah)


北方領土

北方領土 (canonical)
Hoppō Ryōdo (romanization)

desc

→ English: Northern Territories (calque)

Northern Territories
Northern Territories

the Northern Territories, the southern Kuril Islands - a group of islands administered by Russia, claimed by Japan.


伊都

a female given name (see いと for the derivation)


アルキメデス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀρχιμήδης (Arkhimḗdēs)


ほうしょう

ja-pos

ほうしょう • (Hōshō)

宝生: short for 宝生如来 (Hōshō Nyorai): Ratnasambhava, one of the Five Meditation Buddhas; short for 宝生座 (Hōshō-za), one of the four 座 (za, “guilds”) for 猿楽 (sarugaku, the precursor to modern Noh) entertainment in the 11th-14th centuries; short for 宝生流 (Hōshō-ryū), a style of Noh that developed from the style used by the 宝生座 (Hōshō-za)


ヨークシャー

ヨークシャー • (Yōkushā)

[jo̞ːkɯ̟̊ɕa̠ː]


田圃

Ateji. Sound change from 田面(たのも) (tanomo) or 田面(たおも) (taomo).


下町

下町 (canonical)
Shitamachi (romanization)

a traditionally working-class area of Tokyo including Asakusa, Shitaya, Kanda, Nihombashi, Kyobashi, Honjo, and Fukagawa


大木

大木 (canonical)
Ōki (romanization)
Ofoki (romanization)
おほき (hiragana historical)


大分

大分 (canonical)
Ōita (romanization)
Ofoita (romanization)
おほいた (hiragana historical)

Ōita (the capital city of Ōita Prefecture, Japan)


クイーンズランド

Queensland (a state of Australia, located in the northeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1859 to 1901)


ビクトリア

ヴィクトリア ヴィクトリア#Japanese


アーユルヴェーダ

アーユルヴェーダ • (Āyuruvēda)

[a̠ːjɯ̟ɾɯ̟be̞ːda̠]


北米合衆国

ほくべい がっしゅうこく

北(ほく)米(べい)合(がっ)衆(しゅう)国(こく) • (Hokubei Gasshūkoku)

北米合衆国 (canonical)
Hokubei Gasshūkoku (romanization)


波斯

From Middle Chinese 波斯 (MC pa sje), ultimately from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (Pārsa).
First cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of the late 900s.

(archaic, possibly obsolete) Persia, especially ancient Persia


波斯

波斯(ハルシャ) or 波斯(ハルシア) • (Harusha or Harushia)

波斯 (canonical)
波斯 (canonical)
Harusha (romanization)
Harushia (romanization)

Borrowed from Dutch Perzië (“Persia”) during the Edo period.
First cited in 1708.


波斯

波斯(ペルシャ) or 波斯(ペルシア) • (Perusha or Perushia)

波斯 (canonical)
波斯 (canonical)
Perusha (romanization)
Perushia (romanization)

Borrowed from English Persia.
First cited in 1839.


西海

Saikai (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


白露

A solar term around 8 September, traditionally heralding cold weather across China


白露

(very rare) short for 白ロシア (“Belarus (a country)”)


白露

白露(ペルー) • (Perū)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 白露 (báilù).

obsolete spelling of ペルー (= Peru): a country in South America


国慶節

国慶節 (canonical)
Kokkeisetsu (romanization)

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China


第九

From 第 (dai-, ordinal marker) + 九 (ku, “nine”).

prefix

(music, colloquial) clipping of 交響曲第九番ニ短調 (Kōkyōkyoku Daikuban Ni-tanchō): Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony in D minor


アトキンソン

A transliteration of the English surname Atkinson


コンリー

ja-pos

コンリー • (Konrī)

A transliteration of the English surname Conlee, Conley, or Conly


コネリー

A transliteration of the English surname Connelly or Connery


木綿

Compound of 木 (ki, “tree”) + 綿 (wata, “batting”).


木綿

/mokumen/ → */momːen/ → /momen/
Alteration of mokumen, itself derived from Middle Chinese elements 木 (moku, “tree”) + 綿 (men, “cotton”).


木綿

木綿 (canonical)
Yuu (romanization)
Yufu (romanization)
ゆふ (hiragana historical)

/jupu/ → /jufu/ → */juwu/ → /juː/
From Old Japanese.
Possibly from the verb 結う (yuu, “to tie up”), from the way such strings are used to tie sakaki branches in Shinto rituals. Compare the development of 夕 (yū, “evening”).
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), likely from the similar texture and consistency of cotton.


モンテネグロ語

モンテネグロ語 (canonical)
Montenegurogo (romanization)


ビルマ語

ビルマ語 (canonical)
Birumago (romanization)


三日月

From Old Japanese.
Compound of 三日 (mika, “third day of a lunar month”) + 月 (tsuki, “moon”). The tsuki changes to zuki as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


人目

Compound of 人 (hito, “person”) + 目 (me, “eye”).


文中

ja-pos

文(ぶん)中(ちゅう) • (Bunchū) ^(←ぶんちゆう (Buntyuu)?)

文中 (canonical)
Bunchū (romanization)
Buntyuu (romanization)
ぶんちゆう (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟̃ɲ̟t͡ɕɨː]

the Bunchū era, 1372–1375 by the Southern Court reckoning

応安

era contemporary to Bunchū (Northern Court reckoning)


世界恐慌

世界恐慌 (canonical)
Sekaikyōkō (romanization)

Compound of 世界 (sekai, “world”) + 恐慌 (kyōkō, “panic”).


安倍

Considered to be derived from Old Japanese 饗へ (ape) (Modern 饗(あえ) (ae, “treat”)) may because some legend says that the first person who had this surname had "treated" the gods.
Alternatively, from Ainu アペ (“fire”) (Alternative form アベ), according to the Oroqens' fire festival?

安倍晋三


森羅

From Middle Chinese 森羅 (MC srim la, literally “forest + spread out → trees growing in an arrangement”).


辛亥革命

ja-pos

辛(しん)亥(がい)革(かく)命(めい) • (Shingai Kakumei)

辛亥革命 (canonical)
Shingai Kakumei (romanization)


オランダ王国

オランダ王国 (canonical)
Oranda Ōkoku (romanization)

オランダ (Oranda, “Netherlands”) + 王国 (ōkoku, “kingdom”)

compound

Kingdom of the Netherlands#English:_Q29999

Kingdom of the Netherlands (official name of the Netherlands: a country consisting of the Netherlands per se, in Western Europe, as well as three other small island countries in the <, namely Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


キングストン

[kʲĩŋɡɯ̟sɨtõ̞ɴ]


ラベル

A transliteration of the French surname Ravel


労働党

ja-pos

労(ろう)働(どう)党(とう) • (Rōdōtō)

[ɾo̞ːdo̞ːto̞ː]


森羅万象

森(しん)羅(ら)万(ばん)象(しょう) or 森羅万象(しんらまんぞう) • (Shinra Banshō or Shinra Manzō) ^(←しんらばんしやう (Sinrabansyau) or しんらまんざう (Sinramanzau)?)

森羅万象 (canonical)
森羅万象 (canonical)
Shinra Banshō (romanization)
Shinra Manzō (romanization)
Sinrabansyau (romanization)
Sinramanzau (romanization)
しんらばんしやう (hiragana historical)
しんらまんざう (hiragana historical)

[ɕĩn̺ɾa̠ bã̠ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

Borrowing from Middle Chinese 森羅萬象 (MC srim la mjonH zjangX), can be interpreted as a compound of 森羅 (shinra, “all-covering forest → everything above ground”) + 万象 (banshō, banzō, manzō, “ten thousand/myriads of things → everything”).

com

a pen name of Morishima Chūryō, Edo-period author and poet


サモア

Samoa (a country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania)


早乙女

ja-pos

早(さ)乙(おと)女(め) • (Saotome) ^(←さをとめ (Sawotome)?)

早乙女 (canonical)
Saotome (romanization)
Sawotome (romanization)
さをとめ (hiragana historical)


サンタ

サンタクロース サンタクロース#Japanese

short for サンタクロース (Santa Kurōsu, “Santa Claus”); Santa


Windows

Windows (canonical)
Windōzu (alternative)


クセノパネス

Xenophanes (a Greek philosopher and a poet)


^きゅう%-%いち-%いち

September 11 attacks
w:September 11 attacks


アーンミーヤ

アーンミーヤ • (Ānmīya)

[ã̠ːmʲːiːja̠]

From Arabic الْعَامِّيَّة (al-ʕāmmiyya).

bor

الْعَامِّيَّة


ゾロアスター教

ゾロアスター教 (canonical)
Zoroasutā-kyō (romanization)


ズールー語

ja-pos

ズールー語(ご) • (Zūrū-go)

ズールー語 (canonical)
Zūrū-go (romanization)


煙台

Yantai (a coastal prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong, China)


ヤムスクロ

Yamoussoukro (the capital city of Ivory Coast)


ヤヌコーヴィチ

Януко́вич Янукович#Ukrainian

A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Януко́вич (Janukóvyč), Yanukovych


ヤップ州

ヤップ州 (canonical)
Yappu shū (romanization)

Yap (an atoll in the Caroline Islands of western Micronesia)


エカテリンブルク

Yekaterinburg (a city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia)


ユカタン州

ユカタン州 (canonical)
Yukatanshū (romanization)


ユーチューブ

ユーチューブ • (Yūchūbu)

[jɯ̟ːt͡ɕɨːbɯ̟]


ユーコン

ユーコン • (Yūkon)

Yukon, Yukon Territory (a territory in northern Canada)


ヴァドーダラー

ヴァドーダラー • (Vadōdarā)

Vadodara (a large city and district of Gujarat, India)


ファドゥーツ

ファドゥーツ • (Fadūtsu)

Vaduz (the capital city of Liechtenstein)


バレンシア

Valencia (the capital city of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)

Valencian Community
Valencian Community#English

autonomous community
autonomous community

Valencia, Valencian Community (an autonomous community of Spain; in full, Valencian Community)

Valencia (a province of the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain)

Valencia (the capital city of the state of Carabobo, Venezuela)


ヴァージン諸島

ヴァージン諸(しょ)島(とう) • (Vājin Shotō)

ヴァージン諸島 (canonical)
Vājin Shotō (romanization)

Partial calque of English Virgin Islands; from English virgin + 諸島 (shotō, “archipelago”).

com

Virgin Islands (an archipelago of the Caribbean Sea)


処女宮

ja-pos

処(しょ)女(じょ)宮(きゅう) • (Shojokyū) ^(←しよぢよきゆう (Syodyokyuu)?)

処女宮 (canonical)
Shojokyū (romanization)
Syodyokyuu (romanization)
しよぢよきゆう (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞ʑo̞kʲɨː]

処女 (shojo, “virgin”) + 宮 (-kyū, “astrological sign”)


ヴィチェプスク

[bʲit͡ɕe̞pɯ̟sɨkɯ̟]


ウラジーミル

Влади́мир Владимир#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Влади́мир (Vladímir), Vladimir


維納

ja-pos

維納(ウィーン) • (Wīn)

Ateji (当て字), from Mandarin 維也納 /维也纳 (Wéiyěnà)


ガブリエル

ja:ガブリエル
ja:ガブリエル (曖昧さ回避)

[ɡa̠bɯ̟ɾʲie̞ɾɯ̟]

A transliteration of the Latin male given name Gabriel or any of its variants in the European languages.

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam, biblical) Gabriel


北上

short for 北上市 (Kitakami-shi): a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan


マーストリヒト

Maastricht (capital of the province of Limburg in The Netherlands)


アーヘン

アーヘン • (Āhen)

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Aachen (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


アーバーダーン

アーバーダーン • (Ābādān)

[a̠ːba̠ːdã̠ːɴ]


アッバース

アッバース • (Abbāsu)

عَبَّاس عباس#Arabic

A transliteration of the Arabic male given name عَبَّاس (ʕabbās), Abbas


オーランド諸島

オーランド諸島 (canonical)
Ōrando Shotō (romanization)

[o̞ːɾã̠ndo̞ɕo̞to̞ː]


アゾレス諸島

アゾレス諸島 (canonical)
Azoresu Shotō (romanization)


アイマラ語

アイマラ語 (canonical)
Aimarago (romanization)


ゲシュタポ

[ɡe̞ɕɨ̥ta̠po̞]


ドイツの秋

ドイツの秋 (canonical)
Doitsu no Aki (romanization)

German Autumn (set of events in late 1977)


ケアンズ

Cairns (a city and port in Queensland, Australia, named after William Cairns)


カブール

[ka̠bɯ̟ːɾɯ̟]


鹿児島

By surface analysis, 鹿子 (kako, kago, “fawn”) + 島 (shima, “island”). See English Wikipedia for more.

surf

Kagoshima (the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)

Kagoshima (a prefecture in southern Kyushu, Japan)


鹿児島

ja-pos

鹿(か)児(ご)島(ひま) or 鹿(か)児(ご)島(いま) or 鹿(か)児(ご)島(っま) or 鹿児島(カゴッマ) or 鹿(か)児(ご)島(んま) or 鹿児島(カゴンマ) • (Kagohima or Kagoima or Kagomma or Kagonma)

鹿児島 (canonical)
鹿児島 (canonical)
鹿児島 (canonical)
鹿児島 (canonical)
鹿児島 (canonical)
鹿児島 (canonical)
Kagohima (romanization)
Kagoima (romanization)
Kagomma (romanization)
Kagonma (romanization)

[ka̠ɡõ̞mːa̠]

Various dialectal forms of 鹿(か)児(ご)島(しま) (kagoshima) above.

よかか…オイのなは日(ひ)高(だか)剣(けん)介(すけ)…くやしかったら鹿(カ)児(ゴ)島(ッマ)セェけ(こい)‼いっでん(いつでも)勝(しょう)負(ぶ)してやっで‼

1984 February 15, Motoka Murakami, “またいつか、勝(しょう)負(ぶ)の日(ひ)までの巻(まき) [One Day, We’ll Face off Again]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 77:

Awrite… Mah name’s Kensuke Hidaka… Come to Kagoshima when yer ready‼ Ah’ll be waitin’ to settle witcha again‼

Yoka ka… Oi no na wa Hidaka Kensuke… Kuyashikattara Kagomma sē ke‼ Idden shōbu shite yadde‼

1984 November 15, Motoka Murakami, “鹿(カ)児(ゴ)島(ンマ)の猛(も)者(さ)たちの巻(まき) [The He-Men of Kagoshima]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 17 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 21:

Natsuki, ah’ll show ya what Kagoshima-style kendo is like‼

夏木よ、鹿児島ん剣道がどげんもんかみせっくるっで‼

Natsuki yo, Kagonma n kendō ga dogen mon ka misekkurudde‼

(Kagoshima) alternative form of 鹿児島 (Kagoshima)


カリーニングラード

[ka̠ɾʲiːɲ̟ĩŋɡɯ̟ɾa̠ːdo̞]

Borrowed from Russian Калинингра́д (Kaliningrád).

bor+

Калинингра́д

ja:カリーニングラード

Kaliningrad (a city, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia)


カーリー

ja-pos

カーリー • (Kārī)


神奈川

神(か)奈(な)川(がわ) • (Kanagawa) ^(←かながは (Kanagafa)?)

神奈川 (canonical)
Kanagawa (romanization)
Kanagafa (romanization)
かながは (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 神奈川 (Shénnàichuān)

→ English: Kanagawa

→ Russian: Канага́ва f (Kanagáva)

The name of a port near present-day Kanagawa-ku in Kanagawa Prefecture that served as a stop on the Tōkaidō, the historical route from Edo to Kyoto during the Edo period. The name is perhaps related to 上無川 (Kaminashigawa), a river near Edo. Attested from the 17th century. Variously written as かな川, 金川, 狩野川, or かぬ川 in historical texts.

short for 神奈川県 (Kanagawa-ken): Kanagawa Prefecture

short for 神奈川区 (Kanagawa-ku): a ward in Yokohama, the prefectural capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture


カンダハル

Kandahar (a city and province in southern Afghanistan)


安康

安康 (canonical)
Ankō (romanization)
Ankau (romanization)
あんかう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 安康 (ʔan khang, literally “peace + tranquility”). Compare modern Chinese 安康 (ānkāng).

clipping of 安康天皇 (Ankō Tennō, “Emperor Ankō”)


安康

Ankang (a city in Shaanxi, in central China)


鴨川

鴨(かも)川(がわ) • (Kamogawa) ^(←かもがは (Kamogafa)?)

鴨川 (canonical)
Kamogawa (romanization)
Kamogafa (romanization)
かもがは (hiragana historical)

Compound of 鴨 (kamo, “duck”) + 川 (kawa, “river”). The kawa changes to gawa due to rendaku (連濁).

Kamogawa (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan), located on the southeast of the Bōsō Peninsula; developed as a fishing village in the early Edo period, later becoming a seaside resort town

the Kamo River in Kyōto Prefecture, Japan, a tributary of the 淀川 (Yodogawa, “Yodo River”)

The official spelling of the river name, both upstream and downstream, was unified as 鴨川 by a legal change in 1964. The use of 鴨 may be ateji, however, as initial mentions of the river used the 賀茂川 spelling, and the surrounding area was controlled by the 賀茂 (Kamo) clan.

traditionally, the Kamo River downstream from the point of confluence with the Takano River (高野川, Takanogawa), with the upstream portion spelled either 賀茂川 or 加茂川 (both read as Kamogawa)


かもがわ

鴨川: a city (市 (shi)) in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, on the southeast of the Bōsō Peninsula; the Kamo River in Kyōto Prefecture, Japan; traditionally, the Kamo River downstream from the point of confluence with the Takano River (高野川, Takanogawa)

賀茂川, 加茂川: the upstream portion of the Kamo River in Kyōto Prefecture, Japan


長久

長(ちょう)久(きゅう) • (Chōkyū)


キム

A transliteration of the Korean surname 김(金) (Gim), Kim


キム

A transliteration of the English unisex given name Kim


芥川

芥(あくた)川(がわ) • (Akutagawa) ^(←あくたがは (Akutagafa)?)

芥川 (canonical)
Akutagawa (romanization)
Akutagafa (romanization)
あくたがは (hiragana historical)

[a̠kɯ̟̊ta̠ɡa̠β̞a̠]

a river flowing through Takatsuki, Osaka Prefecture


東芝

A contraction of 東京 (Tōkyō) + 芝浦 (Shibaura, another placename in the Tokyo area), from the company's earlier name 東京芝浦電気 (Tōkyō Shibaura Denki, “Tokyo Shibaura Electric [Company]”). More at Toshiba on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


バッハ

A transliteration of the German surname Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach, German organist and composer


旧石器時代

旧(きゅう)石(せっ)器(き)時(じ)代(だい) • (Kyūsekki Jidai) ^(←きうせききじだい (Kiusekikizidai)?)

旧石器時代 (canonical)
Kyūsekki Jidai (romanization)
Kiusekikizidai (romanization)
きうせききじだい (hiragana historical)

旧 (kyū-, “paleo-”) + 石器時代 (Sekki Jidai, “Stone Age”)


赫映

English: Kaguya

clipping of 赫映姫 (Kaguya Hime, “Princess Kaguya, the main character in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter”)


ひろひと

裕仁: the 124th emperor of Japan, who reigned from December 25, 1926 to his death in January 7, 1989; also known as Emperor Shōwa (昭和天皇)


へいあん

平安: an abbreviation for 平安京 (へいあんきょう, heiankyō), 平安時代 (へいあんじだい, heianjidai), 平安朝 (へいあんちょう, heianchō), or another name of Kyoto


ウンブリア

administrative region
administrative region

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


大邱

ja-pos

大(たい)邱(きゅう) • (Taikyū) ^(←たいきう (Taikiu)?)

大邱 (canonical)
Taikyū (romanization)
Taikiu (romanization)
たいきう (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 대구(大邱) (daegu).


イリノイ

ja:イリノイ (曖昧さ回避)

イリノイ州

(~州) Illinois (a state of the United States, named for the people)

Illinois, Illinois River (a river in the United States that flows from Grundy County, Illinois, into the Mississippi River)


インパール

ja-pos

インパール • (Inpāru)