七福神

七福神 (canonical)
Shichi Fukujin (romanization)

(Shinto, Buddhism) the Seven Gods of Good Fortune


五大明王

五大明王 (canonical)
Go Dai Myōō (romanization)

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
From Middle Chinese 五大明王 (*ngǒ *dhɑ̀i *miæng *hiuɑng, literally “five great wisdom kings”). The 明王 (*miæng *hiuɑng, “wisdom king”) portion is a translation of Sanskrit विद्याराज (vidyārāja, “knowledge king”).
Compare modern Mandarin 五大明王 (Wǔ Dà Míngwáng).

der

the Five Wisdom Kings in Vajrayana Buddhism


なんとう

ja-pos

なんとう • (Nantō)


ぺきんご

北京語: Beijing dialect; (standard) Mandarin Chinese


初日の出

初日の出 (canonical)
Hatsu Hinode (romanization)

初詣

The first visit of the New Year to a Shinto shrine


毘沙門天

毘沙門天 (canonical)
Bishamonten (romanization)

[bʲiɕa̠mõ̞ntẽ̞ɴ]

Ultimately from Sanskrit वैश्रवण (vaiśravaṇa).
Appears to be 毘沙門 (Bishamon, “Vaiśravaṇa”) + 天 (-ten, “deva”).
Alternatively, may have been borrowed from Chinese with the suffix already included.

suffix

(Buddhism): the Japanese name for the Hindu god Vaiśravaṇa: a punisher of evildoers, and one of the seven gods of luck

Bishamonten
Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Vaiśravaṇa
ja:松村明
ja:毘沙門天

大黒

the god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikoku are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops.

恵比須

god of fishers or merchants, often depicted carrying a sea bream.

布袋

the fat and happy god of abundance and good health.

弁才天

The Japanese name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati. The goddess of knowledge, art, beauty, music, language, wisdom, poetry and rivers.

吉祥天

the goddess of happiness, charm and beauty, of fertility, nature, and of human creativity, and the patronesses of joy, amusement and festivities.


松竹梅

松竹梅 (canonical)
Shōchikubai (romanization)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 松竹梅 (MC zjowng trjuwk mwoj). First cited to a text from 1359.

name of a late-Edo period 箏曲 (sōkyoku, “koto song”)

name of a brand of sake (branded as “Sho Chiku Bai” in English)


しくんし

四君子: the Four Gentlemen: chrysanthemum, bamboo, orchid, and plum


みかわ

三河: An old province of Japan; a region of modern Aichi Prefecture where the province was located


こくさいひづけへんこうせん

ja-pos

こくさい ひづけ へんこうせん

こくさいひづけへんこうせん • (Kokusai Hizuke Henkōsen)

国際日付変更線 国際日付変更線#Japanese

International Date Line
International Date Line


西域

西(せい)域(いき) • (Seiiki) ^(←せいゐき (Seiwiki)?)

西域 (canonical)
Seiiki (romanization)
Seiwiki (romanization)
せいゐき (hiragana historical)


西域

西(さい)域(いき) • (Saiiki) ^(←さいゐき (Saiwiki)?)

西域 (canonical)
Saiiki (romanization)
Saiwiki (romanization)
さいゐき (hiragana historical)


あがた

Likely derived from agata ("administrative district").

県, 縣, 懸, 安形, 阿形, 東方, 安方, 英賀田, 安県, 安型, 安縣, 安潟, 安賀多, 阿方, 阿県, 阿片, 阿縣, 阿賀田, 阿我田, あがた: a surname


きったん

契丹: the Mongolian Khitan tribe that ruled Manchuria from 907–1115 CE.


さいたま

From 埼玉 (Saitama, “Saitama Prefecture”).

さいたま市 さいたま市#Japanese

short for さいたま市 (Saitama-shi): Saitama (the capital city of Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


大国主命

^おおくにぬし-の-みこと

大国主命 (canonical)
Ōkuninushi-no-mikoto (romanization)

(mythology, religion, Shinto): A kami of nation-building, farming, business, and medicine, as well as love and good matches. His wife is Suseri-hime, the daughter of Susanoo.


としがみ

年神, 歳神: (Shinto) the god of the coming year, celebrated at New Years


南天

Apparently ultimately an abbreviation of Middle Chinese 南天竹 (*nom *ten *djiuk) or 南天竺 (*nom *ten *djiuk?), referring to a type of plant similar to bamboo, originating from an area further to the south (India or Indochina). Compare modern Chinese 南天竺 (nántiān zhú).


つばき

つばき (canonical)
ツバキ (canonical)
Tsubaki (romanization)

⟨tubaki₁⟩ → */tubakʲi/ → /t͡subaki/
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.
Ultimate derivation unknown. Various theories exist, including:
* Possibly from Old Japanese element つば (tsuba, “glossy, shiny”) + 木 (ki, “tree”).
*: Although 艶 (tsuya, “gloss, shine”) is verifiable, つば (tsuba, “glossy, shiny”) does not appear in references.
*: Moreover, the final ki portion in the Old Japanese phonetic spelling of ⟨tubaki₁⟩ does not match the ⟨ki₂⟩ phonetic spelling for 木 (ki, “tree”).
* Possibly a contraction from 艶葉木 (tsuya pa ki, literally “glossy leaf tree”), with rendaku changing the pa to ba.
*: The shift from tsuya to just tsu would have had to occur even earlier than the Man'yōshū. There do not appear to be any other terms exhibiting this same shift.
*: This theory also suffers from the same phonetic mismatch for the ki portion.
* Possibly borrowed from Korean 동백(冬柏) (dongbaek).


つばき

乙姫, 月羽希, 椿希, 椿樹, 椿生: a female given name


三宝荒神

三(さん)宝(ぼう)荒(こう)神(じん) • (Sanbō Kōjin) ^(←さんぼうくわうじん (Sanboukwauzin)?)

三宝荒神 (canonical)
Sanbō Kōjin (romanization)
Sanboukwauzin (romanization)
さんぼうくわうじん (hiragana historical)

[sã̠mbo̞ː ko̞ːʑĩɴ]

(Japanese mythology, Shinto): the Japanese god of fire, the hearth, and the kitchen


甲府

Kōfu (the capital city of Yamanashi Prefecture)


松江

Matsue (the capital city of Shimane Prefecture)


大国主

大(おお)国(くに)主(ぬし) • (Ōkuninushi) ^(←おほくにぬし (Ofokuninusi)?)

大国主 (canonical)
Ōkuninushi (romanization)
Ofokuninusi (romanization)
おほくにぬし (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːkɯ̟ɲ̟inɯ̟ɕi]

Compound of 大 (ō, “great, grand”) + 国 (kuni, “country, nation”) + 主 (nushi, “lord; spirit or kami in charge of something”).

compound

(Shinto, mythology, Japanese mythology) a kami of nation-building, agriculture, medicine, and protective magic


じゅうけい

ja-pos

じゅうけい • (Jūkei)


空自

航空自衛隊 航空自衛隊#Japanese

short for 航空自衛隊 (Kōkū Jieitai, “Japan Air Self-Defense Force, JASDF”)

海自

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, JMSDF


くうじ

くうじ • (Kūji)

航空自衛隊 航空自衛隊#Japanese

空自: short for 航空自衛隊 (Kōkū Jieitai, “Japan Air Self-Defense Force, JASDF”)


海自

海上自衛隊 海上自衛隊#Japanese

short for 海上自衛隊 (Kaijō Jieitai, “Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, JMSDF”)

海上自衛隊

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
ja:海上自衛隊


陸自

陸上自衛隊 陸上自衛隊#Japanese

short for 陸上自衛隊 (Rikujō Jieitai, “Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, JGSDF”)

陸上自衛隊

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
ja:陸上自衛隊


ほんごう

ほんごう • (Hongō)


倉庫番

Compound of 倉庫 (sōko, “warehouse”) + 番 (ban, “guard, watch”).


もくぜん

渡辺黙禅

酒井黙禅

(dated) 黙禅: a male given name, especially of a pen name


基隆

ja-pos

基隆(キールン) • (Kīrun)


ゆうり

ゆうり • (Yūri)

English: Yuri

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 遊里.)


マカオ

中華人民共和国マカオ特別行政区

Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku Makao Tokubetsu Gyōseiku

the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

Macau (a city, special administrative region, and peninsula in China, west of Hong Kong)


じょうてい

ja-pos

じょうてい • (Jōtei)


花蓮

Hualien (a city and county on the east coast of Taiwan)


セブン

セブンイレブン セブンイレブン#Japanese

clipping of セブンイレブン (Sebun Irebun, “Seven-Eleven”)


桜島

桜島 (canonical)
Sakurajima (romanization)

English: Sakurajima

桜 (さくら, sakura, “cherry tree, cherry blossom”) + 島 (-じま, -jima, “island”). From the glowing rocks expelled by the volcano that look like cherry blossoms on the island mountain.

compound

Sakurajima (a major volcano and surrounding area in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan, near Kagoshima)

桜島大根

桜島大根 さくらじまだいこん

桜島町

桜島町 さくらじまちょう

桜島小蜜柑

桜島小蜜柑 さくらじまこみかん


勃牙利

勃牙利 (canonical)
Burugaria (romanization)

ブルガリア ブルガリア#Japanese

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

obsolete spelling of ブルガリア (= Bulgaria): a country in Southeast Europe


切韻

ja-pos

切(せつ)韻(いん) • (Setsuin) ^(←せつゐん (Setuwin)?)

切韻 (canonical)
Setsuin (romanization)
Setuwin (romanization)
せつゐん (hiragana historical)


二十八宿

二十八宿 (canonical)
Nijūhasshuku (romanization)


アムピトリーテー

アムピトリーテー • (Amupitorītē)

アンフィトリテ アンフィトリテ#Japanese


アンフィトリテ

[ã̠ɰ̃ɸʲito̞ɾʲite̞]

From Ancient Greek Ἀμφιτρίτη (Amphitrítē) or its English transcription Amphitrite.

ja:アムピトリーテー
ja:アンフィトリテ
ja:アンフィトリテ (小惑星)

Amphitrite, an ancient Greek sea goddess


紹興

紹(しょう)興(こう) • (Shōkō)

Shaoxing (a prefecture-level city in eastern Zhejiang, China)


東沙群島

東(とう)沙(さ)群(ぐん)島(とう) • (Tōsa Guntō) ^(←とうさぐんたう (Tousaguntau)?)

東沙群島 (canonical)
Tōsa Guntō (romanization)
Tousaguntau (romanization)
とうさぐんたう (hiragana historical)

From Chinese 東沙群島 /东沙群岛 (Dōngshā Qúndǎo).

synonym of 東沙諸島 (Tōsa Shotō, “Pratas Islands”)


緑島

From Chinese 綠島／绿岛 (Lǜdǎo, “Green Island”).

Green Island, a small volcanic island of the Republic of China located to the southeast of Taiwan Island, primarily noted for its penal colonies.


南山

南山 (canonical)
Minamiyama (romanization)


たいぼう

たいぼう • (Taibō)


ふうろう

ふうろう • (Fūrō)


小柳

小(こ)柳(やなぎ) or 小(お)柳(やなぎ) • (Koyanagi or Oyanagi)

小柳 (canonical)
小柳 (canonical)
Koyanagi (romanization)
Oyanagi (romanization)


東海林

東海林(しょうじ) • (Shōji)


東海林

東海林(とうかいりん) • (Tōkairin)


坂井

Sakai (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


上村

Compound of 上 (kami, “upper”) + 村 (mura, “village”).


上村

上(うえ)村(むら) • (Uemura) ^(←うへむら (Ufemura)?)

上村 (canonical)
Uemura (romanization)
Ufemura (romanization)
うへむら (hiragana historical)

[ɯ̟e̞mɯ̟ɾa̠]

Compound of 上 (ue, “up, upper”) + 村 (mura, “village”).


石塚

Compound of 石 (ishi, “stone, rock”) + 塚 (tsuka, “mound, hillock, heap, tumulus”). The tsuka changes to zuka as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


漢口

(historical) Hankou (a former city in Hubei, China, now part of Wuhan)


漢口

Ultimately from Mandarin 漢口／汉口 (Hànkǒu), probably via English Hankow.

zh-l

漢口／汉口 (Hànkǒu)


勅使河原

ja-pos

勅(て)使(し)河(が)原(はら) or 勅(て)使(し)河(が)原(わら) • (Teshigahara or Teshigawara) ^(←てしがはら (Tesigafara)?)

勅使河原 (canonical)
勅使河原 (canonical)
Teshigahara (romanization)
Teshigawara (romanization)
Tesigafara (romanization)
てしがはら (hiragana historical)


小比類巻

小比類巻 (canonical)
Kohiruimaki (romanization)


小山内

小(お)山(さ)内(ない) or 小(お)山(やま)内(うち) or 小(こ)山(や)内(ない) or 小(こ)山(やま)内(うち) or 小(こ)山(やま)内(ち) or 小(こ)山(やま)内(ない) or 小(お)山(さん)内(ない) • (Osanai or Oyamauchi or Koyanai or Koyamauchi or Koyamachi or Koyamanai or Osannai) ^(←をさない (Wosanai)?)

小山内 (canonical)
小山内 (canonical)
小山内 (canonical)
小山内 (canonical)
小山内 (canonical)
小山内 (canonical)
小山内 (canonical)
Osanai (romanization)
Oyamauchi (romanization)
Koyanai (romanization)
Koyamauchi (romanization)
Koyamachi (romanization)
Koyamanai (romanization)
Osannai (romanization)
Wosanai (romanization)
をさない (hiragana historical)


甲信越

甲(こう)信(しん)越(えつ) • (Kōshin'etsu) ^(←かふしんゑつ (Kafusin'wetu)?)

甲信越 (canonical)
Kōshin'etsu (romanization)
Kafusin'wetu (romanization)
かふしんゑつ (hiragana historical)

[ko̞ːɕĩɰ̃e̞t͡sɨ]

Blend of 甲斐 (“Kai”) + 信濃 (“Shinano”) + 越後 (“Echigo”), historical provinces of Japan that correspond to the present-day prefectures of Yamanashi, Nagano and Niigata.

blend

Kōshin'etsu (a geographical region in central Japan, composed of the prefectures of Yamanashi, Nagano and Niigata)


濟州

ja-pos

濟州(チェジュ) or 濟(さい)州(しゅう) • (Cheju or Saishū)

濟州 (canonical)
濟州 (canonical)
Cheju (romanization)
Saishū (romanization)


伏羲

伏(ふっ)羲(き) or 伏(ふく)羲(ぎ) • (Fukki or Fukugi) ^(←ふくき (Fukuki)?)

伏羲 (canonical)
伏羲 (canonical)
Fukki (romanization)
Fukugi (romanization)
Fukuki (romanization)
ふくき (hiragana historical)

2000 November 2, Ryū Fujisaki, “第(だい)190(ひゃくきゅうじゅう)回(かい) 歴(れき)史(し)の道(みち)標(しるべ)十(じゅう)六(ろく)—伏(ふっ)羲(き)— [Chapter 190: History’s Guidepost Sixteen: Fuxi]”, in 封(ほう)神(しん)演(えん)義(ぎ) [Investiture of the Gods], volume 22 (fiction; paperback), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 85:

My name is Fuxi!! And I am the first human!!!

我が名は伏羲‼始まりの人が一人である!!!

Waga na wa Fukki‼ Hajimari no hito ga hitori de aru!!!


RGSS

アール-ジー-エス-エス

RGSS (canonical)
Āru-Jī-Esu-Esu (romanization)

Initialism of Ruby Game Scripting System (Ruby Game Scripting System). Originally coined by a Japanese RPG computer video game engine maker


済州

Jizhou (former prefecture in Central and Eastern China)


済州

Jeju a place name, (island, province and its capital in South Korea)

Jeju (an island and province of South Korea)

Jeju (the capital city of Jeju Province, South Korea)


樺太

[ka̠ɾa̠ɸɯ̟to̞]

From Ainu カラㇷ゚ト (Karapto).
The kanji spelling was decided upon during the creation of the first administrative district in Hokkaido during the Meiji period.

Karafuto, Sakhalin (an island today in Russia and formerly claimed by Japan)


樺太

From the kun (mis)reading of the first kanji 樺 (literally “birch”).

1925 April 10, 伯剌西爾時報 (Burajiru Jihō) [News of Brazil], number 391, page 7:

Following the Japanese–Russian Agreement, Japan concluded its withdrawal from North Sakhalin on the 4th and transferred control to the Soviet government.

日本は日露協約に基き四日に北樺太撤兵を終了し同地統治をソウイエト政府に引渡した

Nihon wa Nichi-Ro Kyōyaku ni motozuki yokka ni Kita-Kabafuto teppei o shūryō shi dōchi tōchi o Sowieto seifu ni hikiwatashita

alternative form of 樺太 (Karafuto, “Karafuto, Sakhalin (an island today in Russia and formerly claimed by Japan)”)


サハリン

[sa̠ha̠ɾʲĩɴ]

サハリン サハリン島#Japanese

short for サハリン島 (Saharin-tō): Sakhalin (island in Russia)

サハリン島

サハリン サハリン州#Japanese

short for サハリン州 (Saharin-shū): Sakhalin Oblast


川内

ja-pos

川(かわ)内(うち) • (Kawauchi) ^(←かはうち (Kafauti)?)

川内 (canonical)
Kawauchi (romanization)
Kafauti (romanization)
かはうち (hiragana historical)


川内

short for 薩摩川内 Satsumasendai (a city in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan)


コンゴ民主共和国

コンゴ みんしゅ きょうわこく

コンゴ民(みん)主(しゅ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kongo Minshu Kyōwakoku)

コンゴ民主共和国 (canonical)
Kongo Minshu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

コンゴ (Kongo, “Congo”) + 民主 (minshu, “democratic”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

af

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English:_Q974

Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, the larger of the two countries named Congo)


中央アフリカ共和国

ja-pos

ちゅうおう アフリカ きょうわこく

中(ちゅう)央(おう)アフリカ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Chūō Afurika Kyōwakoku)

中央アフリカ共和国 (canonical)
Chūō Afurika Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From 中央アフリカ (Chūō Afurika, “Central Africa”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)

ja:中央アフリカ共和国


スワジランド

[sɨβ̞a̠ʑiɾã̠ndo̞]

(historical) Swaziland (former name of Eswatini: a country in Southern Africa; used until 2018)


サントメプリンシペ

[sã̠nto̞me̞pɯ̟ɾʲĩɰ̃ɕi̥pe̞]

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English:_Q1039

São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago of Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)

ja:サントメプリンシペ


プエルトリコ

[pɯ̟e̞ɾɯ̟to̞ɾʲiko̞]

Puerto Rico (a commonwealth, island and dependent territory of the United States in the Caribbean)

Daijirin
Daijisen
Puerto Rico
ja:プエルトリコ
ja:松村明


みか

美佳, 美果, 美花, 実花, 美香, 三佳: a female given name


ほうらい

ja-pos

ほうらい • (Hōrai)


菅原

菅(すが)原(わら) • (Sugawara) ^(←すがはら (Sugafara)?)

菅原 (canonical)
Sugawara (romanization)
Sugafara (romanization)
すがはら (hiragana historical)


川村

川(かわ)村(むら) • (Kawamura) ^(←かはむら (Kafamura)?)

川村 (canonical)
Kawamura (romanization)
Kafamura (romanization)
かはむら (hiragana historical)


菅野

菅(かん)野(の) or 菅(すが)野(の) • (Kanno or Sugano)

菅野 (canonical)
菅野 (canonical)
Kanno (romanization)
Sugano (romanization)


須藤

須藤 (canonical)
須藤 (canonical)
Sudō (romanization)
Sutō (romanization)

English: Sudo, Suto


栗原

Kurihara (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


沢田

沢田 (canonical)
Sawada (romanization)
Safada (romanization)
さはだ (hiragana historical)


奥田

The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

The neighborhoods of Inazawa and Nishio and of Mihama, Aichi Prefecture

a neighborhood of Chikusei, Ibaraki Prefecture

a neighborhood of Okayama, Okayama Prefecture

a neighborhood of Higashiagatsumama, Gunma Prefecture

a neighborhood of Hatoyama, Saitama Prefecture

a neighborhood of Toyama, Toyama Prefecture

a neighborhood of Yamatotakada, Nara Prefecture

a neighborhood of Moji, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka Prefecture

a neighborhood of Ōhira, Miyagi Prefecture

奥田邦雄

Kunio Okuda, hepatologist known for the Okuda needle (Chiba needle)


小原

小(お)原(はら) or 小(お)原(ばら) • (Ohara or Obara)

小原 (canonical)
小原 (canonical)
Ohara (romanization)
Obara (romanization)


河村

河(かわ)村(むら) • (Kawamura) ^(←かはむら (Kafamura)?)

河村 (canonical)
Kawamura (romanization)
Kafamura (romanization)
かはむら (hiragana historical)


風朗

風(ふう)朗(ろう) • (Fūrō)


蓜島

蓜(はい)島(じま) or 蓜(はい)島(しま) • (Haijima or Haishima)

蓜島 (canonical)
蓜島 (canonical)
Haijima (romanization)
Haishima (romanization)


角田

角(かく)田(た) or 角(すみ)田(だ) or 角(すみ)田(た) or 角(つの)田(だ) or 角(つの)田(た) • (Kakuta or Sumida or Sumita or Tsunoda or Tsunota)

角田 (canonical)
Kadota (romanization)
角田 (canonical)
Kakuda (romanization)
角田 (canonical)
角田 (canonical)
角田 (canonical)
角田 (canonical)
角田 (canonical)
Kakuta (romanization)
Sumida (romanization)
Sumita (romanization)
Tsunoda (romanization)
Tsunota (romanization)

Kakuda (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


飯塚

Iizuka (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


今野

今(いま)野(の) or 今(こん)野(の) • (Imano or Konno)

今野 (canonical)
今野 (canonical)
Imano (romanization)
Konno (romanization)


安達

ja:安達氏 ja:安達町 ja:安達郡

a town in Adachi district, Fukushima Prefecture


神谷

神谷英樹


眩暈

Japanese title of "Auto-da-Fé": a 1935 novel by Elias Canetti (German writer).

A 1985 novel by Jun Kasahara (笠原淳, Japanese writer).

A 1992 novel by Soji Shimada (島田荘司, Japanese writer).


けいおう

けいおう • (Keiō)


岡野

岡野 (canonical)
Okano (romanization)
Wokano (romanization)
をかの (hiragana historical)


金井

金井 (canonical)
Kanai (romanization)
Kanawi (romanization)
かなゐ (hiragana historical)


岩井

岩井 (canonical)
Iwai (romanization)
Ifawi (romanization)
いはゐ (hiragana historical)


黒川

黒(くろ)川(かわ) • (Kurokawa) ^(←くろかは (Kurokafa)?)

黒川 (canonical)
Kurokawa (romanization)
Kurokafa (romanization)
くろかは (hiragana historical)


大竹

大(おお)竹(たけ) • (Ōtake) ^(←おほたけ (Ofotake)?)

大竹 (canonical)
Ōtake (romanization)
Ofotake (romanization)
おほたけ (hiragana historical)


大場

大場 (canonical)
Ōba (romanization)
Ofoba (romanization)
おほば (hiragana historical)


錦織

錦織 (canonical)
Nishikiori (romanization)

Compound of 錦(にしき) (nishiki, “brocade”) + 織(お)り (ori, “weaving”)


錦織

ja-pos

錦(にし)織(ごり) or 錦織(にしこり) or 錦織(にしこおり) • (Nishigori or Nishikori or Nishikōri)

錦織 (canonical)
錦織 (canonical)
錦織 (canonical)
Nishigori (romanization)
Nishikori (romanization)
Nishikōri (romanization)

[ɲ̟iɕiko̞ːɾʲi]

[ɲ̟iɕiɡo̞ɾʲi]


藤川

藤(ふじ)川(かわ) • (Fujikawa) ^(←ふぢかは (Fudikafa)?)

藤川 (canonical)
Fujikawa (romanization)
Fudikafa (romanization)
ふぢかは (hiragana historical)


下田

Shimoda (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japana)


上甲

上(じょう)甲(こう) • (Jōkō) ^(←じやうかふ (Zyaukafu)?)

上甲 (canonical)
Jōkō (romanization)
Zyaukafu (romanization)
じやうかふ (hiragana historical)


清野

清(きよ)野(の) or 清(せい)野(の) • (Kiyono or Seino)

清野 (canonical)
清野 (canonical)
Kiyono (romanization)
Seino (romanization)


東条

東条 (canonical)
Tōjō (romanization)
Toudeu (romanization)
とうでう (hiragana historical)


元治

Compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 元 (gen, “original”) + 治 (ji, “rule, command”). The era name was composed based on divination using the I Ching.


武井

English: Takei


大槻

ja-pos

大(おお)槻(つき) • (Ōtsuki) ^(←おほつき (Ofotuki)?)

大槻 (canonical)
Ōtsuki (romanization)
Ofotuki (romanization)
おほつき (hiragana historical)

Ōtsuki (regions in Japan):
a region of Yaita, Tochigi Prefecture

Ōtsuki (regions in Japan):
a region of Shibata, Niigata Prefecture


大槻

大(おお)槻(づき) • (Ōzuki) ^(←おほづき (Ofoduki)?)

大槻 (canonical)
Ōzuki (romanization)
Ofoduki (romanization)
おほづき (hiragana historical)

a region of Nakanoto, Kashima district, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan


河原

河原 (canonical)
Kawara (romanization)
Kafara (romanization)
かはら (hiragana historical)

[ka̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

⟨kapa para⟩ → /kap̚para/ → ⟨kapara⟩ → /kaɸara/ → /kawara/
From Old Japanese.
Shift from a compound of 河 (kawa, “river”) + 原 (hara, “plain”).

Kawara (a town in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


河原

河(かわ)原(はら) • (Kawahara) ^(←かははら (Kafafara)?)

河原 (canonical)
Kawahara (romanization)
Kafafara (romanization)
かははら (hiragana historical)

From 河 (kawa, “river”) + 原 (hara, “plain”).

Kawahara (a former town in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, today merged with the city of Tottori)

Kawahara (a train station in Yazu, Tottori Prefecture, Japan)


河原

河(かわ)原(ばら) • (Kawabara) ^(←かはばら (Kafabara)?)

河原 (canonical)
Kawabara (romanization)
Kafabara (romanization)
かはばら (hiragana historical)

From 河 (kawa, “river”) + 原 (hara, “plain”).
The hara changes to bara as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


大崎

Ōsaki (a city in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan)


荻原

荻(おぎ)原(はら) • (Ogihara) ^(←をぎはら (Wogifara)?)

荻(おぎ)原(わら) • (Ogiwara) ^(←をぎはら (Wogifara)?)

荻原 (canonical)
Ogihara (romanization)
Wogifara (romanization)
をぎはら (hiragana historical)
荻原 (canonical)
Ogiwara (romanization)
Wogifara (romanization)
をぎはら (hiragana historical)


大友

大(おお)友(とも) • (Ōtomo) ^(←おほとも (Ofotomo)?)

大友 (canonical)
Ōtomo (romanization)
Ofotomo (romanization)
おほとも (hiragana historical)


今泉

今(いま)泉(いずみ) • (Imaizumi) ^(←いまいづみ (Imaidumi)?)

今泉 (canonical)
Imaizumi (romanization)
Imaidumi (romanization)
いまいづみ (hiragana historical)


皛納

皛(きょう)納(のう) • (Kyōnō)


相模

→ Chinese: 相模

→ English: Sagami

⟨saɡamu⟩ → */saɡamʉ/ → /saɡami/
Shift from Old Japanese 相模 (Sagamu), attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

相模, 相摸: Sagami Province (an ancient province of Japan, roughly equivalent to the modern Kanagawa Prefecture)

Sagami (the neighborhoods of Kōchi, Kōchi Prefecture; of Koshigaya, Saitama Prefecture; and of Ōtsushi, Shiga Prefecture; in Japan)

恨みわびほさぬ袖だにあるものを恋に朽ちなむ名こそ惜しけれ

Uramiwabi hosanu sode dani aru mono o koi ni kuchinan na koso oshikere

Weary of feeling resentment―never mind these sleeves that have yet to dry, but I would certainly resent the fame of rotting from love.

Sagami: a Japanese female waka poet of the Heian period (11th century)


越中

越(えっ)中(ちゅう) • (Etchū) ^(←えちちゆう (Etityuu)?)

越中 (canonical)
Etchū (romanization)
Etityuu (romanization)
えちちゆう (hiragana historical)

Named after the ancient province of Koshi (越国 (こしのくに, Koshinokuni)), which was split into three provinces under Emperor Monmu in the 7th century AD.

Etchū (a historical province of Japan, roughly corresponding to present-day Toyama Prefecture)


越前

越(えち)前(ぜん) • (Echizen) ^(←ゑちぜん (Wetizen)?)

越前 (canonical)
Echizen (romanization)
Wetizen (romanization)
ゑちぜん (hiragana historical)

Echizen (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)

Echizen (a historical province of Japan, roughly corresponding to the northern half of present-day Fukui Prefecture)


若狭

Wakasa Province, an old province of Japan


能登

From Old Japanese (no₂to₂), from Ainu not (“cape”) or noto (“big cape”).
The kanji are ateji (当て字).

(historical) Noto Province, an old province of Japan


駿河

Suruga Province, an old province of Japan


周防

周防 (canonical)
Suō (romanization)
Sufau (romanization)
すはう (hiragana historical)


長門

short for 長門国 (Nagato-no-kuni): Nagato Province (a province of Japan, today part of northwestern Yamaguchi Prefecture)

長門国

short for 長門市 (Nagato-shi): Nagato (a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan)

長門市

short for 長門町 (Nagato-chō): Nagato (a district in central Nagano Prefecture)

長門町

Nagato-class battleship
w:Nagato-class battleship

a class of dreadnought battleships in the Imperial Japanese Navy built after World War I ( Nagato-class battleship on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)

Japanese battleship Nagato
w:Japanese battleship Nagato

the lead ship of the pair, known for its participation in Operation Crossroads ( Japanese battleship Nagato on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)


陸奥

陸奥(むつ) or 陸(みち)奥(のく) • (Mutsu or Michinoku)

陸奥 (canonical)
陸奥 (canonical)
Mutsu (romanization)
Michinoku (romanization)

Mutsu Province, an old province of Japan, made up of the present-day prefectures of Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori, and the municipalities of Kazuno and Kosaka in Akita Prefecture


伊予

(historical) Iyo Province, an old province of Japan


阿波

Awa (a city in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan)


讃岐

Sanuki Province, an old province of Japan


常陸

From 日高見 (ひたかみ).

Hitachi Province, an old province of Japan


下総

下(しも)総(うさ) • (Shimōsa) ^(←しもふさ (Simofusa)?)

下総 (canonical)
Shimōsa (romanization)
Simofusa (romanization)
しもふさ (hiragana historical)

Shimōsa (a historical province of Japan, roughly corresponding to the northern part of present-day Chiba Prefecture)


上総

上総 (canonical)
Kazusa (romanization)
Kadusa (romanization)
かづさ (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese. Originally named Kamitsufusa (上捄 (かみつふさ, Kamitsufusa)), after the ancient province of Fusa (捄国 (ふさのくに, Fusa no kuni)), which was split into two provinces around the 6th and 7th centuries AD. The name was later corrupted to Kazusa (かづさ in historical kana, かずさ in modern kana).
The kanji spelling 上総 is first attested in AD 704.

Kazusa (a historical province of Japan, roughly corresponding to the upper southern part of present-day Chiba Prefecture)


大隅

大(おお)隅(すみ) • (Ōsumi) ^(←おほすみ (Ofosumi)?)

大隅 (canonical)
Ōsumi (romanization)
Ofosumi (romanization)
おほすみ (hiragana historical)

Ōsumi Province, an old province of Japan


肥前

Hizen Province, an old province of Japan


筑後

Chikugo (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)

Chikugo Province, an old province of Japan


豊前

Buzen Province, an old province of Japan

Buzen (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


豊後

Bungo Province, an old province of Japan


出雲

出雲 (canonical)
Izumo (romanization)
Idumo (romanization)
いづも (hiragana historical)

Izumo (a city in Shimane Prefecture, Japan)

Izumo Province, an old province of Japan


基督敎

基督敎 (canonical)
Kirisuto-kyō (romanization)


藥水

藥水 (canonical)
Kusurimizu (romanization)

Kyūjitai form of 薬水: a place name in Oyodo, Nara


備後

Bingo Province, an old province of Japan


備中

[bʲit̚t͡ɕɨː]

Bitchū Province, an old province of Japan


備前

Bizen (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)

Bizen Province, an old province of Japan


美作

Mimasaka (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)

Mimasaka Province, an old province of Japan


伯耆

伯耆 (canonical)
Hōki (romanization)
Fauki (romanization)
はうき (hiragana historical)

(historical) Hōki Province, an old province of Japan


因幡

Inaba Province, an old province of Japan


但馬

Tajima Province, an old province of Japan


丹後

Tango Province, an old province of Japan


志摩

Shima Province, an old province of Japan


朝妻

朝妻 (canonical)
Asatsuma (romanization)
朝妻 (canonical)
Asazuma (romanization)


伊豆

伊豆 (canonical)
Izu (romanization)
Idu (romanization)
いづ (hiragana historical)

Izu (a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan)


下野

下野 (canonical)
Shimotsuke (romanization)

⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩ → */simʷotukei̯/ → /ɕimot͡suke/
Originally a clipping of Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”).
The meadowsweet sense was first attested in The Pillow Book (1002), from the province where the flower was first discovered.

inh

(historical) short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke-no-kuni): Shimotsuke Province, an old province of Japan, now part of Tochigi Prefecture

下野国

short for 下野市 (Shimotsuke-shi): Shimotsuke (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan) [2006–]


下野

From 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 野 (no, “field”).


下野

From 下 (shita, “below”) + 野 (no, “field”).


陸中

[ɾʲikɯ̟̊t͡ɕɨː]

Rikuchū Province, an old province of Japan


陸前

short for 陸前国 (Rikuzen-no-kuni): Rikuzen Province, one of the provinces of Japan separated from the older 陸奥 (Mutsu) Province in the early Meiji period; today part of Miyagi and Iwate prefectures


岩代

ja-pos

岩(いわ)代(しろ) • (Iwashiro) ^(←いはしろ (Ifasiro)?)

岩代 (canonical)
Iwashiro (romanization)
Ifasiro (romanization)
いはしろ (hiragana historical)

Iwashiro Province, an old province of Japan


磐城

磐城 (canonical)
Iwaki (romanization)
Ifaki (romanization)
いはき (hiragana historical)

Iwaki (a city in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)

Iwaki Province, an old province of Japan


中華臺北

中華臺北(ちゅうかタイペイ) • (Chūkataipei)

中華臺北 (canonical)
Chūkataipei (romanization)

Kyūjitai form of 中華台北 (“Chinese Taipei”)


中華台北

中華台北(ちゅうかタイペイ) • (Chūka Taipei)

中華台北 (canonical)
Chūka Taipei (romanization)

Chinese Taipei (name under which the ROC participates in international organisations)


ちゅうかタイペイ

中華台北: Chinese Taipei (name under which the ROC participates in international organisations)


昌原

South Gyeongsang
South Gyeongsang#English

Changwon (a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea)


江原道

江原道(カンウォンド) or 江(こう)原(げん)道(どう) • (Kanwondo or Kōgendō) ^(←かうげんだう (Kaugendau)?)

江原道 (canonical)
江原道 (canonical)
Kanwondo (romanization)
Kōgendō (romanization)
Kaugendau (romanization)
かうげんだう (hiragana historical)


全羅北道

全(ぜん)羅(ら)北(ほく)道(どう) • (Zenra Hokudō) ^(←ぜんらほくだう (Zenra Fokudau)?)

全羅北道 (canonical)
Zenra Hokudō (romanization)
Zenra Fokudau (romanization)
ぜんらほくだう (hiragana historical)
全羅北道 (canonical)
Chorura Pukuto (romanization)
全羅北道 (canonical)
Chorura Pukudo (romanization)

North Jeolla (a province of South Korea)


全羅南道

全(ぜん)羅(ら)南(なん)道(どう) • (Zenra Nandō) ^(←ぜんらなんだう (Zenra Nandau)?)

全羅南道 (canonical)
Zenra Nandō (romanization)
Zenra Nandau (romanization)
ぜんらなんだう (hiragana historical)
全羅南道 (canonical)
Chorura Namudo (romanization)

South Jeolla (a province of South Korea)


チンギス・カン

From Mongolian ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (činggis qaɣan).

bor

ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ


亀山

Kameyama (a city in Mie Prefecture, Japan)


河田

河田 (canonical)
Kawada (romanization)
Kafada (romanization)
かはだ (hiragana historical)


塩田

ja-pos

塩(しお)田(た) or 塩田(しおだ) • (Shiota or Shioda) ^(←しほだ (Sifoda)?)

塩田 (canonical)
塩田 (canonical)
Shiota (romanization)
Shioda (romanization)
Sifoda (romanization)
しほだ (hiragana historical)


葛西

Compound of 葛(か) (ka) + 西(さい) (sai, “the west”), the former an abbreviation of 葛(かつ)飾(しか)郡(ぐん) (katsushika-gun, “Katsushika District”, in Shimōsa Province); originally referring to the western half of the district.

ja-r

(loosely) The area equivalent to the western part of Katsushika district in former Shimōsa, Japan

(strictly) an area in southern Edogawa, Tokyo prefecture, Japan

葛西森夫

Morio Kasai, known for the Kasai procedure in pediatric surgery


橋口

橋口 (canonical)
Hashiguchi (romanization)


植村

ja-pos

植(うえ)村(むら) • (Uemura) ^(←うゑむら (Uwemura)?)

植村 (canonical)
Uemura (romanization)
Uwemura (romanization)
うゑむら (hiragana historical)


高村

高村 (canonical)
Kōmura (romanization)
高村 (canonical)
Takamura (romanization)


玉井

玉井 (canonical)
Tamai (romanization)
Tamawi (romanization)
たまゐ (hiragana historical)


狩野

狩野 (canonical)
狩野 (canonical)
Kano (romanization)
Kanō (romanization)


犾守

犾守 (canonical)
Ezomori (romanization)
犾守 (canonical)
Izumori (romanization)


尾形

尾形 (canonical)
Ogata (romanization)
Wogata (romanization)
をがた (hiragana historical)


大沼

大(おお)沼(ぬま) • (Ōnuma) ^(←おほぬま (Ofonuma)?)

大沼 (canonical)
Ōnuma (romanization)
Ofonuma (romanization)
おほぬま (hiragana historical)


志賀

→ Chinese: 志賀 /志贺 (Zhìhè)

→ English: Shiga

Superficially 志(し) (shi, “determination”) + 賀(が) (ga, “celebration”). Shiga, the area near Lake Biwa, was the site of Emperor Tenchi’s palace in the late 7th century. In waka poetry 志賀 is often used to evoke nostalgia for the ancient empire.
Compare 滋賀 (Shiga).

neighborhoods of Kita ward, Nagoya, and of Toyota, in Aichi Prefecture

a neighborhood of Ranzan, Saitama Prefecture

a neighborhood of Saku, Nagano Prefecture

a neighborhood of Yoshino, Nara Prefecture

the neighborhoods of Iwanuma and Misato, Miyagi Prefecture

the neighborhoods of Katsuragi and Hidaka, Wakayama Prefecture

former name for the area southwest to Biwa and around Ōtsu in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

志賀潔

Kiyoshi Shiga, physician and eponym of the Shigella genus


志賀

Attested in the Man’yōshū, c. 759, in reference to Shikanoshima.

short for 志賀島 (Shikanoshima), an area north of Fukuoka city


神山

Mount Kami (a mountain in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


神山

ja:柊野#神山（こうやま）

Mount Kōyama (a mountain in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)


大江

大江 (canonical)
Ōe (romanization)
Ofoe (romanization)
おほえ (hiragana historical)


植松

植(うえ)松(まつ) • (Uematsu) ^(←うゑまつ (Uwematu)?)

植松 (canonical)
Uematsu (romanization)
Uwematu (romanization)
うゑまつ (hiragana historical)


有田

Arida (a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan)


坂上

坂上 (canonical)
Sakagami (romanization)
坂上 (canonical)
Sakaue (romanization)


少林寺

少(しょう)林(りん)寺(じ) • (Shōrinji) ^(←せうりんじ (Seurinzi)?)

少林寺 (canonical)
Shōrinji (romanization)
Seurinzi (romanization)
せうりんじ (hiragana historical)

From 少林 (Shōrin, “Shaolin”, literally “small forest”) + 寺 (-ji, “Buddhist temple”).
Compare Mandarin 少林寺 (Shàolínsì).

suffix

(Buddhism) the Shaolin Monastery in central China

(Buddhism) any of the other temples named Shōrin in Japan


朝鮮半島

朝鮮半島 (canonical)
Chōsen Hantō (romanization)

[t͡ɕo̞ːsẽ̞ɰ̃hã̠nto̞ː]

Korean Peninsula
Korean Peninsula#English:_Q483134

Korean Peninsula (a peninsula in East Asia, containing the countries of North Korea and South Korea)


韓半島

(rare) Korean Peninsula (a peninsula in East Asia, containing the countries of North Korea and South Korea)


こうふうし

ja-pos

こうふうし • (Kō Fūshi)


釜萢

釜萢 (canonical)
Kamayachi (romanization)
釜萢 (canonical)
Kamayatsu (romanization)


比叡山

Mount Hiei, a mountain on the border of Kyōto and Shiga prefectures


海野

海野 (canonical)
海野 (canonical)
Umino (romanization)
Unno (romanization)


川井

川井 (canonical)
Kawai (romanization)
Kafawi (romanization)
かはゐ (hiragana historical)


久野

久(ひさ)野(の) or 久(く)野(の) or 久(きゅう)野(の) • (Hisano or Kuno or Kyūno)

久野 (canonical)
久野 (canonical)
久野 (canonical)
Hisano (romanization)
Kuno (romanization)
Kyūno (romanization)


菅谷

菅(すが)谷(たに) or 菅(すが)谷(や) • (Sugatani or Sugaya)

菅谷 (canonical)
菅谷 (canonical)
Sugatani (romanization)
Sugaya (romanization)


内野

内(うち) (uchi, “inside; interior”) + 野(の) (no, “field; plain”)

ja-compound

ja:内野 (曖昧さ回避)

A place name, such as that of Uchino Station


橳島

橳島 (canonical)
Nudejima (romanization)
橳島 (canonical)
Nudeshima (romanization)


紅花

紅花 (canonical)
Kōka (romanization)
Koukwa (romanization)
こうくわ (hiragana historical)


紅花

ja-pos

紅(べに)花(か) • (Benika) ^(←べにくわ (Benikwa)?)

紅花 (canonical)
Benika (romanization)
Benikwa (romanization)
べにくわ (hiragana historical)

紅(べに) (beni, “crimson”) + 花(か) (ka, “flower”).


バイブル

[ba̠ibɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


小関

小関 (canonical)
Koseki (romanization)
小関 (canonical)
Ozeki (romanization)


金谷

金谷 (canonical)
Kanatani (romanization)
金谷 (canonical)
Kanaya (romanization)


田川

Tagawa (a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


永山

an area of Asahikawa, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan


諏訪

Suwa (a city in Nagano Prefecture, Japan)


ヒンズー教

ja-pos

ヒンズー教(きょう) • (Hinzū-Kyō)

ヒンズー教 (canonical)
Hinzū-Kyō (romanization)

[çĩnd͡zɨː kʲo̞ː]

ヒンドゥー教 ヒンドゥー教#Japanese

alternative form of ヒンドゥー教 (Hindū-kyō, “Hinduism”)


第三次世界大戦

だい-さん-じ せかい たいせん

第(だい)三(さん)次(じ)世(せ)界(かい)大(たい)戦(せん) • (Dai-San-Ji Sekai Taisen)

第三次世界大戦 (canonical)
Dai-San-Ji Sekai Taisen (romanization)

第三次 (dai san ji, “third time”) + 世界大戦 (sekai taisen, “world war”)

compound

だいさんじせかいたいせん


伽羅

(historical) the Gaya confederacy: a grouping of smaller states on the southern end of the Korean peninsula, roughly dating to 42-532 CE

漢

韓 (Kara, “Korea”), by extension of the Gaya confederacy to the entire Korean peninsula

by extension of the Korean peninsula further to the Chinese mainland


戰國策

戰國策 (canonical)
Sengokusaku (romanization)


どい

Sound change of どえ (Doe), the reverse of 江戸 (Edo, “Edo”).

(back slang, crime) Tokyo (a major prefecture of Japan)


加州

加州 (canonical)
Kashū (romanization)
Kasiu (romanization)
かしう (hiragana historical)

Compound of 加 (Clipping of 加利福尼亜 or 加里福尼亜) + 州 (shū, “state”)

clip

加利福尼亜 or 加里福尼亜

com+

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">加利福尼亜 or 加里福尼亜</i>

2021 August 31, “米加州の山火事、リゾート地のタホ湖近くで住民や観光客が避難”, in Reuters:

米加州の山火事、リゾート地のタホ湖近くで住民や観光客が避難

Bei-Kashū no yamakaji, rizōto-chi no Taho-ko chikaku de jūmin ya kankōkyaku ga hinan

Wildfire in California: Residents and tourists near Lake Tahoe evacuate

(dated) California (the most populous state of the United States)


加州

Compound of 加 (Clipping of 加賀 (“Kaga Province”)) + 州 (shū, “province”)

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">加賀</i> (“Kaga Province”)

(historical) short for 加賀国 (Kaga no kuni, “Kaga Province, a feudal province of Japan”)


北大西洋条約

ja-pos

きた たいせいよう じょうやく

きたたいせいやうでうやく

北(きた)大(たい)西(せい)洋(よう)条(じょう)約(やく) • (Kita Taiseiyō Jōyaku) ^(←きたたいせいやうでうやく (Kitataiseiyaudeuyaku)?)

北大西洋条約 (canonical)
Kita Taiseiyō Jōyaku (romanization)
Kitataiseiyaudeuyaku (romanization)
きたたいせいやうでうやく (hiragana historical)

北大西洋 (Kita Taiseiyō, “North Atlantic”) + 条約 (jōyaku, “treaty”)

af

きたたいせいようじょうやく


国際原子力機関

ja-pos

こくさい げんしりょく きかん

国(こく)際(さい)原(げん)子(し)力(りょく)機(き)関(かん) • (Kokusai Genshiryoku Kikan)

国際原子力機関 (canonical)
Kokusai Genshiryoku Kikan (romanization)

国際 (kokusai, “international”) + 原子力 (genshiryoku, “atomic energy”) + 機関 (kikan, “agency”)

compound

こくさいげんしりょくきかん

IAEA, International Atomic Energy Agency


豊島

豊島 (canonical)
Toshima (romanization)
豊島 (canonical)
Toyoshima (romanization)

Toshima (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


三田

Sanda (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


玉城

ja-pos

玉(たま)城(ぐすく) or 玉(たま)城(き) or 玉(たま)城(しろ) • (Tamagusuku or Tamaki or Tamashiro)

玉城 (canonical)
玉城 (canonical)
玉城 (canonical)
Tamagusuku (romanization)
Tamaki (romanization)
Tamashiro (romanization)


布施

布施 (canonical)
Fuse (romanization)
ふせ (hiragana historical)

Calque of Sanskrit दान (dāna, “generosity, giving”). Compare 檀那 (danna).

clq

a neighborhood of Minakami, Tone district, Gunma Prefecture

a neighborhood of Takatsuki, Ika district, Shiga Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Ōnan, Ōchi district and of Okinoshima, Oki district; in Shimane Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Abiko and Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture

a neighborhood of Himi, Toyama Prefecture

a neighborhood of Saku, Nagano Prefecture

a neighborhood of Chūō, Yamanashi Prefecture

a former city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan; now an area of western Higashiōsaka, Osaka Prefecture

布施現之助

Gennosuke Fuse, anatomist known for the Kölliker–Fuse nucleus


金丸

ja-pos

金(かな)丸(まる) or 金(かね)丸(まる) • (Kanamaru or Kanemaru)

金丸 (canonical)
金丸 (canonical)
Kanamaru (romanization)
Kanemaru (romanization)


ユダヤ教

ユダヤ教 (canonical)
Yudaya-kyō (romanization)

ユダヤ (Yudaya, “Judea”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”)


中林

中林 (canonical)
Nakabayashi (romanization)


土橋

土橋 (canonical)
Dobashi (romanization)
土橋 (canonical)
Tsuchihashi (romanization)


生田

a placename, especially in Kōbe, Hyōgo Prefecture


大熊座

ja-pos

大(おお)熊(ぐま)座(ざ) • (Ōgumaza) ^(←おほぐまざ (Ofogumaza)?)

大熊座 (canonical)
Ōgumaza (romanization)
Ofogumaza (romanization)
おほぐまざ (hiragana historical)

おおぐま座 おおぐま座#Japanese

alternative spelling of おおぐま座 (“Ursa Major”)


小犬座

小 (ko-, “small”) + 犬 (inu, “dog”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


小熊座

小 (ko-, “small”) + 熊 (kuma, “bear”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


兎座

兎 (Usagi, “rabbit”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


きりん座

麒麟 (kirin, “giraffe”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


おおかみ座

おおかみ座 (canonical)
Ōkamiza (romanization)

狼 (ōkami, “wolf”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


染谷

染谷 (canonical)
Sometani (romanization)
染谷 (canonical)
Someya (romanization)


菅沼

ja-pos

菅(すが)沼(ぬま) or 菅(すげ)沼(ぬま) • (Suganuma or Sugenuma)

菅沼 (canonical)
菅沼 (canonical)
Suganuma (romanization)
Sugenuma (romanization)


富岡

Tomioka (a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan)

Tomioka (a town in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan)


栗林

栗林 (canonical)
Kuribayashi (romanization)


首藤

首藤 (canonical)
Shudō (romanization)
首藤 (canonical)
Shutō (romanization)


媽祖

Mazu (a sea goddess in East and SE Asia)


耶蘇

Borrowed from Chinese 耶穌 /耶稣 (Yēsū), ultimately from Latin Iēsūs.
Doublet of イエス (Iesu), itself a direct transliteration from the Latin.


耶蘇基督

耶蘇基督 (canonical)
Iesu Kirisuto (romanization)

The kanji spelling is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 耶穌基督／耶稣基督 (Yēsū Jīdū).

zh-l

耶穌基督／耶稣基督 (Yēsū Jīdū)


橄欖山

橄欖山 (canonical)
Kanranzan (romanization)


客家語

客家 (Hakka, “Hakkas”) + 語 (-go, “language”)


布哇

Hawaii (an insular state of the United States, formerly a territory)

布哇国渡航条約

Kingdom of Hawaii
Kingdom of Hawaii#English

Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian Islands#English

(historical) Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaii (a former kingdom in the Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Ocean)


羅府

羅 (orthographic borrowing from Cantonese 羅省技利 (lo4 saang2 gei6 lei6)) + 府 (fu, “prefecture”), coined by poet Funabashi Moshichi (船橋茂七) in 1894 for use in a Chinese poem (漢詩).

compound

orthographic borrowing from Cantonese <i class="Hant mention" lang="yue">羅省技利</i> (lo4 saang2 gei6 lei6)

coined

(dated) Los Angeles (a large city in California, United States)


紐育

ja-pos

紐育(ニューヨーク) • (Nyū Yōku)

1921 May 4, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 7714, page 4:

紐育市報

ニューヨーク ニューヨーク#Japanese

New York, New York City (the largest city in the state of New York, and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey)

ニューヨーク ニューヨーク#Japanese

dated spelling of ニューヨーク:
New York (a state of the United States)


伯林

Ateji (当て字), from Mandarin 柏林 (“Berlin”)


合田

"Connected rice paddies," from 合 (“connect, join”) + 田 (“paddy”).


海老原

From 海老(えび) (ebi, “lobster”) + 原(はら) (hara, “meadow”).


板橋

Itabashi (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


板橋

ja-pos

板(ばん)橋(きょう) or 板(いた)橋(はし) • (Bankyō or Itahashi)

板橋 (canonical)
板橋 (canonical)
Bankyō (romanization)
Itahashi (romanization)


石渡

Compound of 石 (ishi, “stone, rock”) + 渡 (wata, “crossing; ford”, appears to be a truncation of watari, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 渡る (wataru, “to cross; to ford”)).


石渡

石渡 (canonical)
Ishiwatari (romanization)

Compound of 石 (ishi, “stone, rock”) + 渡り (watari, “crossing; ford”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 渡る (wataru, “to cross; to ford”)).


神崎

Kanzaki (a city in Saga Prefecture, Japan)


神崎

Kōzaki (a town in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


川西

Kawanishi (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


羽生

羽生 (canonical)
Hanyū (romanization)
Fanifu (romanization)
はにふ (hiragana historical)

Hanyū (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


竹原

Takehara (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan)


井原

Ibara (a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan)


西脇

[ɲ̟iɕiβ̞a̠kʲi]

Nishiwaki (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


坂野

ja-pos

坂(さか)野(の) or 坂(ばん)野(の) • (Sakano or Banno)

坂野 (canonical)
坂野 (canonical)
Sakano (romanization)
Banno (romanization)


シェフィールド

Sheffield (a city in South Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom)


トーニ

トーニ • (Tōni)

A transliteration of the English male given name Tony


川越

Kawagoe (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


柏原

Kashiwara (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


柏原

柏原 (canonical)
Kashiwabara (romanization)


飛鳥

飛鳥 (canonical)
Hichō (romanization)
Fiteu (romanization)
ひてう (hiragana historical)

/pʷi teu/ → /fit͡ɕeu/ → /hit͡ɕoː/
From Middle Chinese compound 飛鳥 (MC pj+j tewX).


飛鳥

Nominalization of 飛ぶ鳥 (tobu tori, “flying bird”).


飛鳥

From Old Japanese.
Asuka was associated with "flying bird" by Emperor Tenmu for several events of spotting auspicious "red birds" (called 朱雀 or 臘子鳥 in Nihon Shoki) in Asuka during his reign (673–686). Starting from about 689, pillow word 飛鳥 (tobu tori no, “... of flying birds”) began to allude to Asuka, and became an interchangeable kanji spelling of it.
Compare 春日 (Kasuga).

a place name, especially the name of a village in Nara Prefecture


坂東

Bandō (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


平良

Hirara (place name in Miyakojima, Okinawa, Japan)


角谷

角(かど)谷(たに) or 角(かど)谷(や) or 角(かく)谷(たに) or 角(かく)谷(や) or 角(すみ)谷(たに) or 角(すみ)谷(や) • (Kadotani or Kadoya or Kakutani or Kakuya or Sumitani or Sumiya)

角谷 (canonical)
角谷 (canonical)
角谷 (canonical)
角谷 (canonical)
角谷 (canonical)
角谷 (canonical)
Kadotani (romanization)
Kadoya (romanization)
Kakutani (romanization)
Kakuya (romanization)
Sumitani (romanization)
Sumiya (romanization)


沖田

Compound of 沖(おき) (oki, “distant place of a field”) + 田(た) (ta, “field, paddy”).

ja-com

a neighborhood of Nakamura ward, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture

a neighborhood of Yuzawa, Akita Prefecture

a neighborhood of Ōmura, Nagasaki Prefecture

a neighborhood of Suwa, Nagano Prefecture

The neighborhoods of Yahatanishi ward, Kitakyushu and of Ōmuta, in Fukuoka Prefecture

a neighborhood of Aizumisato, Fukushima Prefecture

a neighborhood of Nobeoka, Miyagi Prefecture

a neighborhood of Nan'yō, Yamagata Prefecture


鷦鷯

鷦鷯 (canonical)
鷦鷯 (canonical)
Sasaki (romanization)


サンサルバドル

[sã̠ɰ̃sa̠ɾɯ̟ba̠do̞ɾɯ̟]

San Salvador (the capital of El Salvador)


サンホセ

Borrowed from Spanish San José (“Saint Joseph”).


アッラーフ

ja-pos

アッラーフ • (Arrāfu)

[a̠ɾ̚ɾa̠ːɸɯ̟]


アッラー

アッラー • (Arrā)

アッラーフ アッラーフ#Japanese


アラー

1994 April 30 [1991 August 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)のドラビアンナイト [Nobita’s Dorabian Nights] (大長編ドラえもん; 11), 5th edition, volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 7:

アラーの神のおめぐみだ！！

アッラーフ アッラーフ#Japanese

(Islam) alternative form of アッラーフ (Arrāfu, “Allah”)


大高

大(おお)高(たか) • (Ōtaka) ^(←おほたか (Ofotaka)?)

大高 (canonical)
Ōtaka (romanization)
Ofotaka (romanization)
おほたか (hiragana historical)


桜田

Compound of 桜 (sakura, “cherry blossom; cherry tree”) + 田 (ta, “paddy, field”). The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
First cited to a text from 1310.

compound

(historical) a place in the former Ebara District in Musashi Province, corresponding to part of modern Kasumigaseki in Chiyoda, Tokyo


国分

国分 (canonical)
Kokubu (romanization)
国分 (canonical)
Kokubun (romanization)


熊田

熊田 (canonical)
Kumada (romanization)
熊田 (canonical)
Kumata (romanization)

→ English: Kumada

From compound of くま (kuma, “curved place, corner”) + 田(た) (ta, “field, paddy”), literally, “winding (rice) field”. The ta changes to da as an instance of rendaku (連濁). The kanji 熊 (kuma, “bear”) is an ateji (当て字) of くま.

ja-com

a neighborhood of Nagakute, Aichi Prefecture

a neighborhood of Nasukarasuyama, Tochigi Prefecture

a neighborhood of Sabae, Fukui Prefecture

Kumata (a neighborhood of Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan)


大元帥

大元帥明王 大元帥明王#Japanese

alternative spelling of 大元 (Daigen); ellipsis of 大元帥明王 (Daigen Myōō)


無錫

『無錫旅情』

"Traveling in Wuxi" (song by Daisaku Ogata)

Wuxi (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, in eastern China)


貴陽

Guiyang (the capital city of Guizhou prefecture, China)


サタン

From English Satan, from Latin Satān, from Ancient Greek Σατάν (Satán), from Hebrew שָׂטָן (satán, “adversary, accuser”).


猪股

ja-pos

猪股(いのまた) • (Inomata) ^(←ゐのまた (Winomata)?)

猪股 (canonical)
Inomata (romanization)
Winomata (romanization)
ゐのまた (hiragana historical)


小平

Kodaira (a city in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


新村

新村 (canonical)
Nīmura (romanization)
新村 (canonical)
Shinmura (romanization)


川添

ja:川添 (曖昧さ回避)


末吉

末(すえ)吉(きち) • (suekichi)
# a possible outcome in 御御籤(おみくじ) (omikuji), not good luck that becomes good luck in the future


相模原

相模原 (canonical)
Sagamihara (romanization)

Sagamihara (a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan)


八王子

Hachiōji (a city in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


松戸

Matsudo (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


尼崎

Amagasaki (a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan)


枚方

Hirakata (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


豊中

Toyonaka (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


高槻

Takatsuki (a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)


トトナム

トッテナム トッテナム#Japanese

alternative form of トッテナム: Tottenham: a suburban area of north London


炎帝

(Chinese mythology) the Yan Emperor, also known as 神農 (Shinnō, “Shennong”), a legendary Chinese ruler in pre-dynastic times


刑天

(Chinese mythology) Xingtian, the deity who fights against the Supreme Divinity and does not give up even after being decapitated


秋風

Compound of 秋(あき) (aki, “autumn”) + 風(かぜ) (kaze, “wind”).

ja-compound

Japanese destroyer Akikaze
w:Japanese destroyer Akikaze

a destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II (see Japanese destroyer Akikaze on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)


秋風

ja-pos

秋(あい)風(か) or 秋(あき)風(か) • (Aika or Akika)

秋風 (canonical)
秋風 (canonical)
Aika (romanization)
Akika (romanization)


猪八戒

猪(ちょ)八(はっ)戒(かい) • (Cho Hakkai) ^(←ちょはつかい (Tyofatukai)?)

猪八戒 (canonical)
Cho Hakkai (romanization)
Tyofatukai (romanization)
ちょはつかい (hiragana historical)


天蓬元帥

天蓬元帥 (canonical)
Tenpōgensui (romanization)

[tẽ̞mpo̞ːɡẽ̞ɰ̃sɨi]

From Literary Chinese 天蓬元帥 (Tiānpéng yuánshuài).

der

Marshal Tianpeng, title held by Zhu Bajie (Chō Hakkai (猪八戒) in Japanese) before he was banished from heaven


三位一体

ja-pos

三(さん)位(み)一(いっ)体(たい) • (Sanmi Ittai) ^(←さんゐいつたい (San'wi Itutai)?)

三位一体 (canonical)
Sanmi Ittai (romanization)
San'wi Itutai (romanization)
さんゐいつたい (hiragana historical)

From 三位 (sanmi, “three rank”) + 一体 (ittai, “one body”). The i reading for 位 changes to mi as an instance of renjō (連声).


平戸

Hirado (a city in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan)


山門

A name for Enryaku-ji on Mount Hiei (see the Jimon-Sanmon schism)


越国

越国 (canonical)
Koshinokuni (romanization)

Koshi, Koshinokuni (a historical province of Japan, roughly corresponding to the traditional region of Hokuriku)


海門

ja-pos

海門(かいもん) or 海門(ハイメン) • (Kaimon or Haimen)


海門

Compound of 海(かい) (kai, “sea”) + 門(もん) (mon, “gate”), calque of English Seagate.


くじら座

くじら座 (canonical)
Kujiraza (romanization)

鯨 (kujira, “whale”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


亳州

Bozhou (a prefecture-level city of Anhui, China)


桂林

Guilin (a city in the Guangxi autonomous region, China)


内江

Neijiang (a prefecture-level city of Sichuan, China)


鎮江

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 鎮江 /镇江 (Zhènjiāng).

obor

Zhenjiang (a prefecture-level city of Jiangsu, China)


丹東

Dandong (a prefecture-level city of Liaoning, China)


アトランティス

Atlantis (mythical country said to have sunk into the ocean)


いんどよう

ja-pos

いんどよう • (Indoyō)


イングランド銀行

イングランド銀行 (canonical)
Ingurandoginkō (romanization)

[ĩŋɡɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞ɡʲĩŋko̞ː]

イングランド (Ingurando, “England”) + 銀行 (Ginkō, “Bank”), calque of English Bank of England.

af

The Bank of England, the central bank of the United Kingdom, or the organization which operates it.


イングランドぎんこう

イングランド銀行 イングランド銀行#Japanese


英吉利

The kanji are ateji (当て字), from Mandarin 英吉利 (Yīngjílì, “England”).

dated spelling of イギリス: England (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


角川

ja-pos

角(かど)川(かわ) • (Kadokawa) ^(←かどかは (Kadokafa)?)

角川 (canonical)
Kadokawa (romanization)
Kadokafa (romanization)
かどかは (hiragana historical)


連合王国

連(れん)合(ごう)王(おう)国(こく) • (Rengō Ōkoku) ^(←れんがふわうこく (Rengafu Waukoku)?)

連合王国 (canonical)
Rengō Ōkoku (romanization)
Rengafu Waukoku (romanization)
れんがふわうこく (hiragana historical)

[ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞ː o̞ːko̞kɯ̟]

連合 (rengō, “union”) + 王国 (ōkoku, “kingdom”)
連 is a daiyōji replacing 聯.

af

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)

グレートブリテン及び北アイルランド連合王国

Gurēto Buriten oyobi Kita Airurando Rengō Ōkoku


グレートブリテン王国

ja-pos

グレート ブリテン おうこく

グレートブリテン王(おう)国(こく) • (Gurēto Buriten Ōkoku)

グレートブリテン王国 (canonical)
Gurēto Buriten Ōkoku (romanization)

[ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ːto̞ bɯ̟ɾʲite̞ɰ̃ o̞ːko̞kɯ̟]

グレートブリテン (Gurēto Buriten, “Great Britain”) + 王国 (ōkoku, “kingdom”)

compound

Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Great Britain

(historical) the Kingdom of Great Britain

ja:グレートブリテン王国


グレートブリテン及び北アイルランド連合王国

ja-pos

^グレート ^ブリテン および ^きた ^アイルランド ^れんごう ^おうこく

グレートブリテン及(およ)び北(きた)アイルランド連(れん)合(ごう)王(おう)国(こく) • (Gurēto Buriten oyobi Kita Airurando Rengō Ōkoku)

グレートブリテン及び北アイルランド連合王国 (canonical)

[ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ːto̞ bɯ̟ɾʲite̞ɰ̃ o̞jo̞bʲi kʲi̥ta̠ a̠iɾɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞ ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞ː o̞ːko̞kɯ̟]

Calque of English United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, equivalent to グレートブリテン (Gurēto Buriten, “Great Britain”) + 及び (oyobi, “and”) + 北アイルランド (Kita Airurando, “Northern Ireland”) + 連合王国 (Rengō Ōkoku, “United Kingdom”).

af

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland#English:_Q145

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (official name of the United Kingdom: a country in Northern Europe)

en-グレートブリテン及び北アイルランド連合王国-ja-name-vwtL7oiK

グレートブリテン及びアイルランド連合王国

Gurēto Buriten oyobi Airurando Rengō Ōkoku


グレートブリテン及びアイルランド連合王国

ja-pos

^グレート ^ブリテン および ^アイルランド ^れんごう ^おうこく

グレートブリテン及(およ)びアイルランド連(れん)合(ごう)王(おう)国(こく) • (Gurēto Buriten oyobi Airurando Rengō Ōkoku)

グレートブリテン及びアイルランド連合王国 (canonical)

[ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ːto̞ bɯ̟ɾʲite̞ɰ̃ o̞jo̞bʲi a̠iɾɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞ ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞ː o̞ːko̞kɯ̟]

From グレートブリテン (Gurēto Buriten, “Great Britain”) + 及び (oyobi, “and”) + アイルランド (Airurando, “Ireland”) + 連合王国 (Rengō Ōkoku, “United Kingdom”), calque of English United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

cal

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland#English:_Q174193

(historical) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (former official name of the United Kingdom: a country in Northern Europe; in use from 1801–1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922))

en-グレートブリテン及びアイルランド連合王国-ja-name-gTfAw139


Xマス

Xマス (canonical)
Kurisumasu (romanization)

クリスマス クリスマス#Japanese

alternative spelling of クリスマス (“Christmas”)


クリスマスイブ

[kɯ̟ɾʲisɨma̠sɨ̥ibɯ̟]


石器時代

ja-pos

石(せっ)器(き)時(じ)代(だい) • (Sekki Jidai) ^(←せききじだい (Sekikizidai)?)

石器時代 (canonical)
Sekki Jidai (romanization)
Sekikizidai (romanization)
せききじだい (hiragana historical)

石器 (sekki, “stoneware”) + 時代 (jidai, “age”)


原宿

[ha̠ɾa̠ʑɨkɯ̟]

Literally "inn in the open fields", from 原(はら) (hara, “uncultivated field”) + 宿(しゅく) (shuku, “inn”).

Harajuku (a neighborhood of Shibuya, Tokyo)


小浜

Compound of 小 (o, “small, little”) + 浜 (hama, “beach, shore”). The hama changes to bama as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Piecewise doublet of etymology 2.

compound

Obama (a city in Fukui Prefecture, Japan)


小浜

Compound of 小 (o, “small, little”) + 浜 (hama, “beach, shore”). Piecewise doublet of etymology 1.


小浜

Compound of 小 (ko, “small, little”) + 浜 (hama, “beach, shore”).


妙高

ja-pos

妙(みょう)高(こう) • (Myōkō) ^(←めうかう (Meukau)?)

妙高 (canonical)
Myōkō (romanization)
Meukau (romanization)
めうかう (hiragana historical)

Myōkō (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)


四角号碼

四(し)角(かく)号(ごう)碼(ま) • (Shikaku Gōma) ^(←しかくがうま (Sikakugauma)?)

四角号碼 (canonical)
Shikaku Gōma (romanization)
Sikakugauma (romanization)
しかくがうま (hiragana historical)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 四角號碼／四角号码 (sìjiǎo hàomǎ). (The usual Japanese word for "number" in this context would be 番号(ばんごう) (bangō).)

zh-m

四角號碼／四角号码 (sìjiǎo hàomǎ)

蘇州号碼

蘇州号碼 そしゅうごうま


青梅

青梅 (canonical)
Ōme (romanization)
Awome (romanization)
あをめ (hiragana historical)


山茶花

ja-pos

山(さ)茶(ざん)花(か) • (Sazanka) ^(←さざんくわ (Sazankwa)?)

山茶花 (canonical)
Sazanka (romanization)
Sazankwa (romanization)
さざんくわ (hiragana historical)

Camellia sasanqua
Daijisen
ja:サザンカ
ja:松村明

/sansaka/ → /sanzaka/ → /sazanka/.
Sound shift from sansaka (see below).


なみこ

七実子, 成実子, 南実子, 那実子, 夏実子, 菜実子, 波実子, 奈実子: a female given name


とも座

艫 (tomo, “stern”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


字彙

字彙 (canonical)
Jii (romanization)
Ziwi (romanization)
じゐ (hiragana historical)


蝿座

蝿座 (canonical)
Haeza (romanization)
Fafeza (romanization)
はへざ (hiragana historical)


はえ座

蝿 (hae, “fly”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


からす座

からす座 (canonical)
Karasuza (romanization)

烏 (karasu, “crow”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


はと座

鳩 (Hato, “pigeon, dove”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


つる座

[t͡sɨɾɯ̟za̠]

鶴 (tsuru, “crane”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


わし座

鷲 (washi, “eagle”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


くじゃく座

くじゃく座 (canonical)
Kujakuza (romanization)

[kɯ̟ʑa̠kɯ̟za̠]

孔雀 (kujaku, “peafowl”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


荘子

ja-pos

荘(そう)子(じ) or 荘(そう)子(し) • (Sōji or Sōshi)

荘子 (canonical)
Sōshi (romanization)
荘子 (canonical)
荘子 (canonical)
Sōji (romanization)
Sōshi (romanization)

Zhuangzi (an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE during the Warring States Period)

Zhuangzi (an ancient Chinese collection of anecdotes and fables, one of the foundational texts of Taoism, traditionally attributed to the philosopher)


伊太利

dated spelling of イタリー: Italy (a country in Southern Europe)


ペンシルバニア州

ペンシルバニア州 (canonical)
Penshirubania Shū (romanization)

United States of America
United States of America#English

Pennsylvania (the 2nd state of the United States of America)


蘇格蘭

蘇格蘭 (canonical)
Sukottorando (romanization)

From English Scotland. The kanji are ateji (当て字), from Chinese 蘇格蘭 /苏格兰 (Sūgélán).

スコットランド スコットランド#Japanese

obsolete spelling of スコットランド: Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


大山積神

^おおやまつみ の ^かみ

大山積神(おおやまつみのかみ) • (Ōyamatsumi no Kami) ^(←おほやまつみのかみ (Ofoyamatuminokami)?)

大山積神 (canonical)
Ōyamatsumi no Kami (romanization)
Ofoyamatuminokami (romanization)
おほやまつみのかみ (hiragana historical)

Originally a compound of 大 (ō, “great”) + 山 (yama, “mountain”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 神 (mi, “god, spirit”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 神 (kami, “god, spirit”, also used as an honorific epithet for gods). The use of 積 (tsumi, “packing; piling; loading”) to spell the tsu mi portion is an example of phonetic ateji.

compound

大山祇: (mythology, Shinto) the kami of the mountains, brother of Amaterasu, Tsukuyomi, and Susanoo


大山祇

ja-pos

大山祇(おおやまつみ) • (Ōyamatsumi) ^(←おほやまつみ (Ofoyamatumi)?)

大山祇 (canonical)
Ōyamatsumi (romanization)
Ofoyamatumi (romanization)
おほやまつみ (hiragana historical)

Originally a compound of 大 (ō, “great”) + 山 (yama, “mountain”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 神 (mi, “god, spirit”).

compound

(mythology, Shinto, Japanese mythology) the kami of the mountains, brother of Amaterasu, Tsukuyomi, and Susanoo

大山積命

大山積命 おおやまつみのみこと

大山積神

大山積神 おおやまつみのかみ


吐谷渾

吐谷渾 (canonical)
Toyokukon (romanization)

(historical) Tuyuhun (A powerful Mongolic kingdom established by nomadic tribes related to the Xianbei in the Qilian Mountains and upper Yellow River valley.)


ニアメー

ja-pos

ニアメー • (Niamē)

alternative form of ニアメ (Niame, “Niamey”)


ヌアクショット

[nɯ̟a̠kɯ̟ɕo̞t̚to̞]


ブラザヴィル

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Brazzaville (a city, the capital city of the Republic of the Congo)


ビサウ

Bissau (the capital city of Guinea-Bissau)


ブジュンブラ

[bɯ̟ʑɨ̃mbɯ̟ɾa̠]


フリータウン

[ɸɯ̟ɾʲiːta̠ɯ̟̃ɴ]


リーブルヴィル

[ɾʲiːbɯ̟ɾɯ̟bʲiɾɯ̟]


サントメ

From Portuguese São Tomé (literally “Saint Thomas”).


マラボ

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English

Malabo (the capital city of Equatorial Guinea)


リロングウェ

[ɾʲiɾõ̞ŋɡɯ̟β̞e̞]

Lilongwe (a city, the capital city of Malawi)


ラゴス

Lagos (a port and former capital of Nigeria)


ダルエスサラーム

[da̠ɾɯ̟e̞sɨ̥sa̠ɾa̠ːmɯ̟]

Dar es Salaam (the largest city and the former capital of Tanzania)


ポルトノボ

Porto-Novo (the official capital of Benin)


プライア

Borrowed from Portuguese Praia (“Beach”).


カイエンヌ

[ka̠iẽ̞nːɯ̟]

Cayenne (the capital of French Guiana department)


プリシュティナ

[pɯ̟ɾʲiɕɨtʲi̥na̠]


ナッソー

ja-pos

ナッソー • (Nassō)


ケージービー

ケージービー • (Kējībī)

Borrowed from English KGB, from Russian КГБ (KGB), through phonetic spelling of Комите́т госуда́рственной безопа́сности (Komitét gosudárstvennoj bezopásnosti, “State Security Committee”) and acronymization.

ソ連国家保安委員会

連国家保安委員会 れんこっかほあんいいんかい


カーゲーベー

カーゲーベー • (Kāgēbē)

[ka̠ːɡe̞ːbe̞ː]

Borrowed from Russian КГБ (KGB), acronym of Комите́т госуда́рственной безопа́сности (Komitét gosudárstvennoj bezopásnosti, “State Security Committee”).

ソ連国家保安委員会

連国家保安委員会 れんこっかほあんいいんかい


湾流

[β̞ã̠n̺ɾʲɨː]


いるか座

From 海豚(いるか) (iruka, “dolphin”) + 座(ざ) (-za, “constellation”).


周禮

Kyūjitai form of 周礼 (“the Rites of Zhou”)


櫻井

ja-pos

櫻(さくら)井(い) • (Sakurai) ^(←さくらゐ (Sakurawi)?)

櫻井 (canonical)
Sakurai (romanization)
Sakurawi (romanization)
さくらゐ (hiragana historical)

→ Chinese: 櫻井 /樱井 (Yīngjǐng)

→ English: Sakurai

Sakurai (a neighborhood of Asahi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


あいか

あいか (canonical)
アイカ (canonical)
Aika (romanization)


欧州連合

欧(おう)州(しゅう)連(れん)合(ごう) • (Ōshū Rengō) ^(←おうしうれんがふ (Ousiurengafu)?)

欧州連合 (canonical)
Ōshū Rengō (romanization)
Ousiurengafu (romanization)
おうしうれんがふ (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɕɨː ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞ː]

欧州 (Ōshū, “Europe”) + 連合 (rengō, “union”)
州 is a daiyōji replacing 洲,
連 is a daiyōji replacing 聯.


ヨーロッパ連合

ヨーロッパ連合 (canonical)
Yōroppa Rengō (romanization)

[jo̞ːɾo̞p̚pa̠ ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞ː]

ヨーロッパ (Yōroppa, “Europe”) + 連合 (rengō, “union”)
連 is a daiyōji replacing 聯.

synonym of 欧州連合 (Ōshū Rengō, “European Union”)


バセテール

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Basseterre (the capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis)


ブリッジタウン

[bɯ̟ɾʲid̚d͡ʑita̠ɯ̟̃ɴ]


ポルトープランス

[po̞ɾɯ̟to̞ːpɯ̟ɾã̠ɰ̃sɨ]

Port-au-Prince (the capital city of Haiti)


ポートオブスペイン

ja-pos

^ポート オブ ^スペイン

[po̞ːto̞ o̞bɯ̟ sɨ̥pẽ̞ːɴ]

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

Port of Spain (the capital city of Trinidad and Tobago)

ja:ポートオブスペイン


ロゾー

ロゾー • (Rozō)


キングスタウン

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

Kingstown (the capital city of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Kingstown (a rural village in the New England region, New South Wales, Australia)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

Kingstown (a townland in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland)

Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown
Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown#English

(historical) Kingstown (the former name of Dún Laoghaire, a suburban coastal town in Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown, Ireland)

census-designated place
census-designated place

Queen Anne's County
Queen Anne's County#English

Kingstown (a census-designated place in Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States)

Cleveland County
Cleveland County#English

Kingstown (a town in Cleveland County, North Carolina, United States)


サントドミンゴ

From Spanish Santo Domingo (literally “Saint Dominic”).

bor

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Santo Domingo (the capital city of the Dominican Republic)


ポートルイス

Port Louis (the capital city of Mauritius)


ワガドゥグー

[β̞a̠ɡa̠dɯ̟ɡɯ̟ː]

Ouagadougou (the capital of Burkina Faso)


メーデー

ja-pos

メーデー • (Mēdē)

1922, Isamu Ōba, “Listen! Workers of the World!”:

聞け万国の労働者
とどろきわたるメーデーの

kike bankoku no rōdōsha
todo ro kiwa taru mēdē no

Listen! Workers of the world!
This is the roar of May Day!


石岡

Ishioka (a city in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan)


太平天国

太平天国 (canonical)
Taihei Tengoku (romanization)

[ta̠ihe̞ː tẽ̞ŋɡo̞kɯ̟]


黑川

黑(くろ)川(かわ) • (Kurokawa) ^(←くろかは (Kurokafa)?)

黑川 (canonical)
Kurokawa (romanization)
Kurokafa (romanization)
くろかは (hiragana historical)


文久

文(ぶん)久(きゅう) • (Bunkyū) ^(←ぶんきう (Bunkiu)?)

文久 (canonical)
Bunkyū (romanization)
Bunkiu (romanization)
ぶんきう (hiragana historical)

[bɯ̟̃ŋʲkʲɨː]

Chosen as the name of the 年号 (nengō, “era”) based on a quote from the 後漢書 (Gokanjo, “Book of the Later Han”), Volume 79, Part 2, Biographies of Confucian Scholars: Xie Gai (謝該 /谢该) (full Chinese source text here):
:: 故能文武并用，成长久之计。
:: And it could be civil and military use, as a permanent solution.
The civil meaning here was likely chosen in reference to overtones of peace and culture.

lang

故能文武并用，成长久之计。

故能文武并用，成长久之计。

short for 文久泳宝 (Bunkyū eihō), a copper coin with a square hole in the center, issued in 1863 and worth four 文 (mon)


ぶんきゅう

ja-pos

ぶんきゅう • (Bunkyū)

文久: Bunkyū era (February 1861–February 1864)


烏魯木斉

烏魯木斉 (canonical)
Urumuchi (romanization)

[ɯ̟ɾɯ̟mɯ̟t͡ɕi]

The kanji are ateji (当て字), orthographic borrowing from Mandarin 烏魯木齊 /乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí, “Ürümqi”).

obor

Ürümqi (a prefecture-level city, the capital of the Xinjiang autonomous region, China)


しょうてん

ja-pos

しょうてん • (Shōten)


いぬか

いぬか (canonical)
イヌか (canonical)
Inu-ka (romanization)


フィレンツェ

From Italian Firenze. Doublet of フローレンス (Furōrensu).


ジュネーヴ

ジュネーヴ • (Junēvu)


セレーナ

A transliteration of the English female given name Selena


比律賓

比律賓 (canonical)
Firipin (romanization)
比 (alternative abbreviation)

Likely from Chinese 菲律賓 /菲律宾 (Fēilǜbīn) as an ateji (当て字) of English Philippines, but with the first kanji replaced with 比(ひ) (Hi) since 菲(ひ) (Hi) is an uncommon Hyōgai kanji.

フィリピン フィリピン#Japanese

obsolete spelling of フィリピン: Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


亜爾然丁

亜爾然丁 (canonical)
Aruzenchin (romanization)

アルゼンチン アルゼンチン#Japanese

obsolete spelling of アルゼンチン: Argentina (a country in South America)


哥倫比亜

哥倫比亜 (canonical)
Koronbia (romanization)

The kanji are ateji (当て字), from Mandarin 哥倫比亞 /哥伦比亚 (Gēlúnbǐyà)

コロンビア コロンビア#Japanese

obsolete spelling of コロンビア (= Colombia): a country in South America


ケベック

Quebec, Quebec City (the capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada)


秘露

秘露(ペルー) • (Perū)

Ateji (当て字), with 「秘」 from Chinese 秘魯 /秘鲁

obsolete spelling of ペルー (= Peru): a country in South America


和蘭

→ Korean: 화란 (Hwaran)

→ Vietnamese: Hoà Lan

The kanji spelling is ateji (当て字), contracted from 和蘭陀. Compare Chinese 荷蘭 /荷兰 (Hélán). See the main entry at オランダ for full details.

obsolete spelling of オランダ (= Netherlands): a country in Western Europe


白耳義

白耳義(ベルギー) • (Berugī)

[be̞ɾɯ̟ɡʲiː]


和蘭陀

The kanji spelling is ateji (当て字). See the main entry at オランダ for full details.


洪牙利

洪牙利(ハンガリー) • (Hangarī)

ハンガリー ハンガリー#Japanese

obsolete spelling of ハンガリー (= Hungary): a country in Central Europe


愛斯蘭

愛斯蘭 (canonical)
Aisurando (romanization)

アイスランド アイスランド#Japanese

obsolete spelling of アイスランド (= Iceland): an island and country in Northern Europe


柴棍

Borrowed from Vietnamese 柴棍 (Sài Gòn). The kanji are ateji (当て字).


新嘉坡

新嘉坡 (canonical)
Shingapōru (romanization)

シンガポール シンガポール#Japanese

obsolete spelling of シンガポール: Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony and state of Malaysia (1963-1965))


ボンベイ

ja:ボンベイ (曖昧さ回避)

Bombay, Mumbai (a megacity, the capital of Maharashtra, India)


寿府

寿府(ジュネーヴ) or 寿府(ジュネーブ) • (Junēvu or Junēbu)

寿府 (canonical)
寿府 (canonical)
Junēvu (romanization)
Junēbu (romanization)

ジュネーヴ ジュネーヴ#Japanese

ジュネーブ ジュネーブ#Japanese


馬徳里

マドリード マドリード#Japanese


マルセイユ

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

Marseille (the capital city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)


阿弗利加

Ateji (当て字), with 「阿」 and 「利加」 from Chinese 阿非利加 (Āfēilìjiā)

Africa (the continent south of Europe and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans)

(historical) Africa (a former province of the Roman Empire, containing what is now Tunisia and portions of coastal Algeria and Libya)


市俄古

三月十六日―――市俄古見物に行かうと定めた日である。

(Can we date this quote?), 永井荷風, “市俄古の二日”, in あめりか物語:

obsolete spelling of シカゴ (Shikago) (= Chicago): a major city in Illinois, United States


孫悟空

[so̞ŋ ɡo̞kɯ̟ː]

Orthographic borrowing from Literary Chinese 孫悟空 (Sūn Wùkōng).


芥子

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 芥子 (MC keajH tsiX). First cited in Japanese in the early 800s in reference to the tiny seeds of the mustard or poppy plants.


水城

ja-pos

水(みず)城(き) or 水(みず)城(しろ) • (Mizuki or Mizushiro)

水城 (canonical)
水城 (canonical)
Mizuki (romanization)
Mizushiro (romanization)


朝霞

Asaka (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)


はくようきゅう

はくようきゅう • (Hakuyōkyū)


おひつじ座

おひつじ座 (canonical)
Ohitsujiza (romanization)

牡羊 (ohitsuji, “ram”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


おひつじざ

おひつじ座 おひつじ座#Japanese


きんぎゅうきゅう

ja-pos

きんぎゅうきゅう • (Kingyūkyū)


白頭山

白頭山 (canonical)
Pekutusan (romanization)

[pe̞kɯ̟tɯ̟sã̠ɴ]

Paektu (a mountain on the border between North Korea and China)


白頭山

白頭山 (canonical)
Pekutosan (romanization)

From Korean 백두산(白頭山) (baekdusan), with an irregular vowel suited to Japanese phonology.

(less common) alternative form of 白頭山 (Pekutusan, “Paektu (a mountain on the border between North Korea and China)”)


白頭山

白(はく)頭(とう)山(さん) • (Hakutōsan) ^(←はくとうさん (Fakutousan)?)

白頭山 (canonical)
Hakutōsan (romanization)
Fakutousan (romanization)
はくとうさん (hiragana historical)

[ha̠kɯ̟to̞ːsã̠ɴ]

Orthographic borrowing from Korean 백두산(白頭山) (baekdusan).


あまのむらくものつるぎ

ja-pos

^あま の ^むらくも の ^つるぎ

あまのむらくものつるぎ • (Ama no Murakumo no Tsurugi)

Ama no Murakumo no Tsurugi (romanization)

天叢雲剣: the original name of the Kusanagi no Tsurugi or "Grasscutting Longsword", a sacred sword, one of the Imperial Regalia of Japan


草那芸之大刀

草(くさ)那(な)芸(ぎ)之(の)大(た)刀(ち) • (Kusanagi no Tachi)

草那芸之大刀 (canonical)
Kusanagi no Tachi (romanization)


くさなぎのたち

草那芸之大刀 草那芸之大刀#Japanese

草那芸之大刀: an alternate name of the Sword of Kusanagi


八咫烏

八咫烏 (canonical)
Yatagarasu (romanization)
やたのからす (alternative hiragana)
Yata no Karasu (Rōmaji)

(Shinto) sacred three legged raven in Japanese mythology


八岐大蛇

八岐大蛇(やまたのおろち) or 八岐大蛇(ヤマタノオロチ) • (Yamata no Orochi) ^(←やまたのをろち (Yamatanoworoti) or ヤマタノヲロチ (Yamatanoworoti)?)

八岐大蛇 (canonical)
八岐大蛇 (canonical)
Yamatanoworoti (romanization)
やまたのをろち (hiragana historical)
ヤマタノヲロチ (hiragana historical)

From 八(や) (ya, “eight”) + 股(また) (mata, “crotch, branch, fork”) + 大蛇(おろち) (orochi, “python, large snake”). 岐 and 大蛇(おろち) (orochi) are jukujikun (熟字訓); see the latter for more.

ja-compound

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) Yamata no Orochi, a legendary dragon that was slain by Susanoo


八俣遠呂智

ja-pos

八俣遠呂智(やまたのおろち) or 八俣遠呂智(ヤマタノオロチ) • (Yamata No Orochi) ^(←やまたのをろち (Yamatanoworoti)?)

八俣遠呂智 (canonical)
八俣遠呂智 (canonical)
Yamatanoworoti (romanization)
やまたのをろち (hiragana historical)

alternative spelling of 八岐大蛇 (Yamata no Orochi)


八俣遠呂知

八俣遠呂知(やまたのおろち) or 八俣遠呂知(ヤマタノオロチ) • (Yamata No Orochi) ^(←やまたのをろち (Yamatanoworoti)?)

八俣遠呂知 (canonical)
八俣遠呂知 (canonical)
Yamatanoworoti (romanization)
やまたのをろち (hiragana historical)


草薙剣

^くさなぎ の ^つるぎ

草薙剣 (canonical)
Kusanagi no Tsurugi (romanization)

[kɯ̟̊sa̠na̠ɡʲi no̞ t͡sɨɾɯ̟ɡʲi]

Phrase consisting of 草 (kusa, “grass”) + 薙 (nagi, “cutting; mowing”, the continuative or stem form of the verb 薙ぐ (nagu, “to cut; to mow”)) + の (no, possessive particle) + 剣 (tsurugi, “double-edged sword”).
The name derives from a legend wherein the sword was used to cut grass, thereby saving the wielder from a deliberately-set fire. See the Wikipedia article for details.

compound

the continuative or stem form of the verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">薙ぐ</i> (nagu, “to cut; to mow”)

the "Grasscutting Longsword", one of the three sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan


やたのかがみ

八咫鏡, 八咫の鏡: the Yata no Kagami or "Eight-hand Mirror", one of the three sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan


やさかにのまがたま

ja-pos

^やさかに の ^まがたま

Compound of 八尺瓊 (yasakani, “long or large jewel”, literally “eight-foot jewel”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 勾玉 (magatama, “curved jewel”, type of ancient curved bead resembling a bear claw). The “eight-foot” may have originally referred to a long cord or necklace on which such magatama beads were strung, as magatama themselves were never so large.

compound

八尺瓊勾玉 八尺瓊勾玉#Japanese

八尺瓊の勾玉 八尺瓊の勾玉#Japanese

八尺瓊曲玉 八尺瓊曲玉#Japanese

八尺瓊の曲玉 八尺瓊の曲玉#Japanese

八尺瓊勾玉, 八尺瓊の勾玉, 八尺瓊曲玉, 八尺瓊の曲玉: the Yasakani no Magatama, one of the three sacred treasures comprising the Imperial Regalia of Japan

Daijirin
Magatama#Yasakani no Magatama
ja:八尺瓊勾玉


沙羅

From Hindi साल (sāl), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla). The Kanji form is written in ateji.


秋津

ja:秋津村 ja:秋津町 ja:秋津駅

a railway station in Higashimurayama, Tokyo

Akitsu (a town in Higashimurayama, Tokyo prefecture, Japan)

Akitsu (a town in Meitoku district, Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

Akitsu (a town in Higashi district, Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan)


世界銀行

ja-pos

世(せ)界(かい)銀(ぎん)行(こう) • (Sekai Ginkō) ^(←せかいぎんかう (Sekaiginkau)?)

世界銀行 (canonical)
Sekai Ginkō (romanization)
Sekaiginkau (romanization)
せかいぎんかう (hiragana historical)

世界 (sekai, “world”) + 銀行 (ginkō, “bank”)


赤十字社

ja-pos

赤(せき)十(じゅう)字(じ)社(しゃ) • (Sekijūji-sha) ^(←せきじふじしや (Sekizifuzisya)?)

赤十字社 (canonical)
Sekijūji-sha (romanization)
Sekizifuzisya (romanization)
せきじふじしや (hiragana historical)

[se̞kʲiʑɨːʑiɕa̠]


爾雅

Erya (the oldest surviving Chinese dictionary or Chinese encyclopedia known)


鶏冠

/kei kʷan/ → /keːkan/
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 雞冠 (MC kej kwan).

Jiguan (a district of Heilongjiang, China)


水鶏

水鶏 (canonical)
Kuina (romanization)
Kufina (romanization)
くひな (hiragana historical)

/kufina/ → /kuwina/ → /kuina/
First attested in the Edo period.
Derivation uncertain. Thought to be a shift from a compound of 食い (kui, stem form of verb 食う (kuu), “to put in one's mouth, eat”) + 鳴く (naku, “to call, said of a bird”).
The kanji spelling means literally "water chicken".

com

stem form of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">食う</i> (kuu), “to put in one's mouth, eat”


黄竜

ja-pos

黄(こう)竜(りゅう) • (Kōryū) ^(←くわうりゆう (Kwauryuu)?)

黄竜 (canonical)
Kōryū (romanization)
Kwauryuu (romanization)
くわうりゆう (hiragana historical)

Yellow Dragon, the fifth Guardian Beast among the Four Symbols


黄竜

黄(おう)竜(りゅう) • (Ōryū) ^(←わうりゆう (Wauryuu)?)

黄竜 (canonical)
Ōryū (romanization)
Wauryuu (romanization)
わうりゆう (hiragana historical)


双児宮

双(そう)児(じ)宮(きゅう) • (Sōjikyū) ^(←さうじきゆう (Sauzikyuu)?)

双児宮 (canonical)
Sōjikyū (romanization)
Sauzikyuu (romanization)
さうじきゆう (hiragana historical)

双児 (sōji, “twins”) + 宮 (-kyū, “astrological sign”)


双子宮

ja-pos

双(そう)子(し)宮(きゅう) • (Sōshikyū) ^(←さうしきゆう (Sausikyuu)?)

双子宮 (canonical)
Sōshikyū (romanization)
Sausikyuu (romanization)
さうしきゆう (hiragana historical)

[so̞ːɕi̥kʲɨː]

双子 (sōshi, “twins”) + 宮 (-kyū, “astrological sign”)

suf

(astrology) synonym of 双児宮 (Sōjikyū, “Gemini”)


そうしきゅう

ja-pos

そうしきゅう • (Sōshikyū)


そうじきゅう

そうじきゅう • (Sōjikyū)


ふたご座

ふたご座 (canonical)
Futagoza (romanization)

[ɸɯ̟ta̠ɡo̞za̠]

双子 (futago, “twins”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


かに座

蟹 (kani, “crab”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


獅子宮

獅子宮 (canonical)
Shishikyū (romanization)

獅子 (shishi, “lion”) + 宮 (-kyū, “astrological sign”)


しし座

獅子 (shishi, “lion”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


しょじょきゅう

ja-pos

しょじょきゅう • (Shojokyū)


おとめ座

乙女 (otome, “maiden”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


おとめざ

乙女座, おとめ座: Virgo


天秤宮

天秤宮 (canonical)
Tenbinkyū (romanization)

[tẽ̞mbʲĩŋʲkʲɨː]

天秤 (tenbin, “scale”) + 宮 (-kyū, “astrological sign”)


てんびん座

てんびん座 (canonical)
Tenbinza (romanization)

天秤 (tenbin, “scale”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


てんびんざ

てんびん座 てんびん座#Japanese


天蝎宮

天蝎宮 (canonical)
Tenkatsukyū (romanization)

[tẽ̞ŋka̠t͡sɨ̥kʲɨː]

天 (ten, “sky”) + 蝎 (katsu, “scorpion”) + 宮 (kyū, “astrological sign”)


さそり座

さそり座 (canonical)
Sasoriza (romanization)

蠍 (sasori, “scorpion”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


蛇遣座

ja-pos

蛇(へび)遣(つかい)座(ざ) • (Hebitsukaiza) ^(←へびつかひざ (Febitukafiza)?)

蛇遣座 (canonical)
Hebitsukaiza (romanization)
Febitukafiza (romanization)
へびつかひざ (hiragana historical)

へびつかい座 へびつかい座#Japanese

alternative spelling of へびつかい座 (“Ophiuchus”)


へびつかい座

へびつかい座 (canonical)
Hebitsukaiza (romanization)

蛇遣い (hebitsukai, “snake charmer”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


蛇遣い座

ja-pos

蛇(へび)遣(つか)い座(ざ) • (Hebitsukaiza) ^(←へびつかひざ (Febitukafiza)?)

蛇遣い座 (canonical)
Hebitsukaiza (romanization)
Febitukafiza (romanization)
へびつかひざ (hiragana historical)

alternative spelling of 蛇遣座 (“Ophiuchus”) (constellation)


へびつかいざ

へびつかい座 へびつかい座#Japanese

蛇遣座, 蛇遣い座, へびつかい座: Ophiuchus (constellation)


人馬宮

[d͡ʑĩmba̠kʲɨː]

人馬 (jinba, “centaur”) + 宮 (-kyū, “astrological sign”)


いて座

射手 (ite, “archer”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


磨羯宮

ja-pos

磨(ま)羯(かつ)宮(きゅう) • (Makatsukyū) ^(←まかつきゆう (Makatukyuu)?)

磨羯宮 (canonical)
Makatsukyū (romanization)
Makatukyuu (romanization)
まかつきゆう (hiragana historical)


やぎ座

山羊 (yagi, “goat”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


宝瓶宮

[ho̞ːhe̞ːkʲɨː]

宝 (hō, “precious”) + 瓶 (hei, “jar”) + 宮 (kyū, “astrological sign”)


ほうへいきゅう

ja-pos

ほうへいきゅう • (Hōheikyū)


双魚宮

双(そう)魚(ぎょ)宮(きゅう) • (Sōgyokyū) ^(←さうぎよきゆう (Saugyokyuu)?)

双魚宮 (canonical)
Sōgyokyū (romanization)
Saugyokyuu (romanization)
さうぎよきゆう (hiragana historical)

[so̞ːɡʲo̞kʲɨː]

双 (sōgyo, “twin”) + 魚 (gyo, “fish”) + 宮 (kyū, “astrological sign”)


うお座

魚 (uo, “fish”) + 座 (-za, “constellation”)


そうぎょきゅう

ja-pos

そうぎょきゅう • (Sōgyokyū)


スパルタ

ja:スパルタ (曖昧さ回避)

[sɨ̥pa̠ɾɯ̟ta̠]

Sparta (an ancient city-state in Greece)

スパルタ式

スパルタ教育

harsh education; tough upbringing; tough love

2006 November 17, Seimaru Amagi with Sato, Fumiya, “獄(ごく)門(もん)塾(じゅく)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)１(いち) [The Prison Gate Cram School Murder Case #1]”, in 獄門塾殺人事件（上） [The Prison Gate Cram School Murder Case (First Book)] (金田一少年の事件簿) (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:

やだ！コワイ！

やだ！コワイ！

やだ！コワイ！


南北朝

南北朝 (canonical)
Nanbokuchō (romanization)

[nã̠mbo̞kɯ̟̊t͡ɕo̞ː]

南北朝時代

the Northern and Southern dynasties period

(history, of China) the Northern and Southern dynasties

南北朝時代

(history, of Japan) the Northern and Southern Courts

南北朝時代

the Southern and Northern dynasties period

(history, of Vietnam) the Southern and Northern dynasties


オシリス

(Egyptian mythology) Osiris (the Egyptian god of the dead and of the underworld)


方舟

箱 (hako, “box; chest; ark”) + 船 (fune, “ship; boat”). The spellings 箱船/箱舟 use the literal word for "box", while this spelling uses the Chinese 方 for the "squarish" shape of a box, as in 方形 (hōkei, “square”).

af

ノアの方舟 ノアの方舟#Japanese

short for ノアの方舟 (Noa no Hakobune, “Noah's Ark”)


葡国

葡 (po, “Portugal”) + 国 (-koku, “country”)


新石器時代

ja-pos

新(しん)石(せっ)器(き)時(じ)代(だい) • (Shinsekki Jidai) ^(←しんせききじだい (Sinsekikizidai)?)

新石器時代 (canonical)
Shinsekki Jidai (romanization)
Sinsekikizidai (romanization)
しんせききじだい (hiragana historical)

新 (shin-, “neo-”) + 石器時代 (Sekki Jidai, “Stone Age”)


セントルシア

[sẽ̞nto̞ɾɯ̟ɕia̠]

Saint Lucia (an island and country in the Caribbean)


トリニダード・トバゴ

トリニダード (Torinidādo, “Trinidad”) + トバゴ (“Tobago”)

compound

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English:_Q754

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands and several smaller islands in the Caribbean, off the coast of Venezuela)

ja:トリニダード・トバゴ


歩子

English: Ayuko

Compound of 歩 (ayu, appears to be the truncated stem of verb 歩む (ayumu, “to progress, to proceed, to move along”)) + 子 (ko, “child”, common suffixing element in feminine names).

appears to be the truncated stem of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">歩む</i> (ayumu, “to progress, to proceed, to move along”)


歩子

Compound of 歩み (ayumi, “progressing, proceeding”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 歩む (ayumu, “to progress, to proceed, to move along”)) + 子 (ko, “child”, common suffixing element in feminine names).


歩子

Compound of 踏み (fumi, “stepping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 踏む (fumu, “to step”)) + 子 (ne, “in ancient Japanese, the name of an hour, the zodiac rat, or an alternative name for north”).


歩子

Unknown. The ko ending is the common 子 (ko) suffixing element in feminine names.


石炭紀

石炭紀 (canonical)
Sekitanki (romanization)

石炭 (sekitan, “coal”) + 紀 (-ki, “period”)

suf

1987 May 1 [1987 March 20], Fujiko Fujio, “創世日記 [Diary of Genesis]”, in みどりの守り神 [Green Guardian God] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 2), 2nd edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第一章, page 23:

August 19, 300 million years ago. Huge Carboniferous forests. The age of the dinosaurs is drawing near.

八月十九日三億年前 石炭紀の大森林 恐竜時代はもう近い

Hachigatsu jūkunichi san'okunen mae Sekitanki no daishinrin Kyōryū jidai wa mō chikai

1987 May 1 [1987 March 20], Fujiko Fujio, “うちの石炭紀 [My Carboniferous]”, in みどりの守り神 [Green Guardian God] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 2), 2nd edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第三章, page 576:

Our ancestors emerged on this Earth 300 million years ago, in the Paleozoic Carboniferous. Given that human history has only spanned 2.5 million years, our species is about 120 times older.

三億年前古生代石炭紀の地球にわれわれの先祖は現れた人類の歴史を二百五十万年とすればそのざっと百二十倍の昔だ

San'okunen mae Koseidai Sekitanki no Chikyū ni wareware no senzo wa arawareta Jinrui no rekishi o nihyakugojū-mannen to sureba Sono zatto hyakunijūbai no mukashi da


くまそ

熊襲: A geographical region in the southern area of Kyūshū; an ancient ethnic group living in the Kumaso region.


南ベトナム

南ベトナム (canonical)
Minami Betonamu (romanization)

South Vietnam
South Vietnam#English:_Q180573

(historical) South Vietnam (a former country in Southeast Asia that governed southern Vietnam from 1955 to 1975)


北ベトナム

北ベトナム (canonical)
Kita Betonamu (romanization)

North Vietnam
North Vietnam#English:_Q172640

(historical) North Vietnam (a former Communist country in Southeast Asia that governed northern Vietnam from 1945 to 1975)


狼座

ja-pos

狼(おおかみ)座(ざ) • (Ōkamiza) ^(←おほかみざ (Ofokamiza)?)

狼座 (canonical)
Ōkamiza (romanization)
Ofokamiza (romanization)
おほかみざ (hiragana historical)

おおかみ座 おおかみ座#Japanese


麒麟座

alternative spelling of きりん座 (“Camelopardalis”)


孔雀座

くじゃく座 くじゃく座#Japanese


蠅座

蠅座 (canonical)
Haeza (romanization)
Fafeza (romanization)
はへざ (hiragana historical)


みなみアフリカ

南アフリカ 南アフリカ#Japanese


きんりょう

きんりょう • (Kinryō)


金陵

[kʲĩn̺ɾʲo̞ː]

(archaic) Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)


健一狼

健一狼 (canonical)
Ken'ichirō (romanization)


ロリ

A transliteration of the English female given name Laurie or Laury

A transliteration of the English female given name Lori

A transliteration of the English male given name Rory


ようつべ

From English YouTube, by directly typing "youtube" as rōmaji and converting to kana via a Japanese IME.

「[…] ようつべで見たことある」


トマホーク

ja:トマホーク (ミサイル)


のんこう

のんこう • (Nonkō)

嫩江: Nen River, a river in northeast China


ようかん

ようかん • (Yōkan)


東江

a town in Nago, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan


東江

(history) a village in Kaizu district, Gifu Prefecture, Japan


東江

東(とう)江(こう) • (Tōkō)


龍児

龍(たつ)児(じ) or 龍(りゅう)児(じ) • (Tatsuji or Ryūji)

龍児 (canonical)
龍児 (canonical)
Tatsuji (romanization)
Ryūji (romanization)


尊師

尊師 (canonical)
Sonshi (romanization)
Sonsi (romanization)
そんし (hiragana historical)

Used by followers of Aum Shinrikyo to refer to Shoko Asahara.


西夏

the Western Xia dynasty (1038–1227); the Tangut Empire


竜児

竜(たつ)児(じ) or 竜(りゅう)児(じ) • (Tatsuji or Ryūji)

竜児 (canonical)
竜児 (canonical)
Tatsuji (romanization)
Ryūji (romanization)

a male given name, meaning "young dragon"


玄奘

玄(げん)奘(じょう) • (Genjō) ^(←げんじやう (Genzyau)?)

玄奘 (canonical)
Genjō (romanization)
Genzyau (romanization)
げんじやう (hiragana historical)

[ɡẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞ː]

Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang dynasty


はくしゅう

伯州: Hōki Province, an old province of Japan


伯州

伯(はく)州(しゅう) • (Hakushū) ^(←はくしう (Fakusiu)?)

伯州 (canonical)
Hakushū (romanization)
Fakusiu (romanization)
はくしう (hiragana historical)

(historical) short for 伯耆国 (Hōki no kuni, “Hōki Province, a feudal province of Japan”)


ホメロス

ホメーロス ホメーロス#Japanese

alternative form of ホメーロス (Homērosu, “Homer”) (Ancient Greek poet)


フナフティ

[ɸɯ̟na̠ɸɯ̟tʲi]


ヌクアロファ

[nɯ̟kɯ̟a̠ɾo̞ɸa̠]

From Tongan Nukuʻalofa, from nuku (“abode”) + alofa (“love”). Literally, “abode of love”.


ツバル

[t͡sɨba̠ɾɯ̟]

Tuvalu (a country and archipelago of Polynesia in Oceania)


節子

節(さだ)子(こ) or 節(せつ)子(こ) • (Sadako or Setsuko)

節子 (canonical)
節子 (canonical)
Sadako (romanization)
Setsuko (romanization)


アベノミクス

Blend of 安倍晋三 (“Abe Shinzō”) + エコノミクス (“economics”, from English economics).

blend

from English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">economics</i>


コニャック

ja:コニャック (コミューン)

[ko̞ɲ̟a̠k̚kɯ̟]


夢枕

夢枕 (canonical)
Yumemakura (romanization)


康熙

康熙 (canonical)
Kōki (romanization)
Kauki (romanization)
かうき (hiragana historical)

Kangxi (one of the emperors of the Qing dynasty)


安城

ja-pos

安(あん)城(じょう) • (Anjō)

The city of Anjō, a city located in Aichi Prefecture


ファットマン

[ɸa̠t̚to̞mã̠ɴ]


リトルボーイ

[ɾʲito̞ɾɯ̟bo̞ːi]


太極旗

太極旗 (canonical)
Taikyokuki (romanization)

Taegeukgi, the official flag of South Korea


オーストラリア連邦

オーストラリア れんぽう

オーストラリア連邦 (canonical)
Ōsutoraria Renpō (romanization)

Calque of English Commonwealth of Australia, equivalent to オーストラリア (Ōsutoraria, “Australia”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”)

af

Commonwealth of Australia
Commonwealth of Australia#English:_Q408

Commonwealth of Australia (official name of Australia: a country in Oceania)


道東

ja-pos

道(どう)東(とう) • (Dōtō)


道央

道央 (canonical)
Dōō (romanization)
Dauau (romanization)
だうあう (hiragana historical)


千島列島

千島列島 (canonical)
Chishima Rettō (romanization)


カムチャツカ

Kamchatka (a long peninsula forming part of Kamchatka Krai in the Far East of Russia, lying between the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk)

Kamchatka (a krai and federal subject of Russia, in the Russian Far East)

(with the) Kamchatka (a river in Kamchatka Krai, Russia)


警視庁

警視庁 (canonical)
keishichō (romanization)

[ke̞ːɕit͡ɕo̞ː]

the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, the police department serving Tokyo Metropolis


高森

Takamori, a town in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan

Takamori, a town in Nagano Prefecture, Japan


ひろこ

裕子, 浩子, 紘子, 寛子, 非露婚: a female given name


中国大陸

中(ちゅう)国(ごく)大(たい)陸(りく) • (Chūgoku Tairiku)

[t͡ɕɨːɡo̞kɯ̟ ta̠iɾʲikɯ̟]

China, as opposed to Japan and other islands


クリスティーナ

A transliteration of the English female given name Christina


こうと

こうと • (Kōto)


はるこ

保, 治子, 栄子, 華子, 開子, 温子, 温心, 春子: a female given name

玄子, 元子, 浩子, 始子, 春湖, 春呼, 春香, 春児: a female given name

春心, 尚子, 榛湖, 榛子, 晴古, 晴己, 晴湖, 晴紅: a female given name

晴子, 晴心, 青湖, 青子, 暖子, 知子, 天湖, 東子: a female given name

久子, 美湖, 美子, 敏子, 鋪子, 明子, 遥湖, 遥子: a female given name

陽子, 流胡, 遼子, 晏湖, 遙子, 芳留子, 芳瑠子, 芳累子: a female given name

巴琉子, 波流子, 波留子, 波瑠子, 巴流子, 晴琉子, 初留子, 羽留子: a female given name


バークレー

バークレー • (Bākurē)

Berkeley (a city in California, United States)


ユーロビジョン

主催は欧州放送連合゠ ＥＢＵ ゠傘下にある組織ユーロビジョンだ。

Shusai wa Ōshū Hōsō Rengō - Ī-Bī-Yū - sanka ni aru soshiki Yūrobijon da.

It is organized by Eurovision, an organization that is a part of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU).

Eurovision (supranational television organization)

今年のユーロビジョン


ロッキード

Lockheed Corporation, an American aerospace company


ネブラスカ

Nebraska (a state in the Midwestern region of the United States)

ja:ネブラスカ (曖昧さ回避)


もとこ

素子, 資子, 幹子, 泉子, 最都子: a female given name


ちよ

ちよ (canonical)
チヨ (canonical)
Chiyo (romanization)

ち代, 血夜, 小代, 千佳, 千昌, 千世, 千節: a female given name

千代, 千芳, 千夜, 千与, 千誉, 千耀, 千蓉: a female given name

千陽, 知世, 知代, 知余, 知与, 知葉, 智世: a female given name


フェラーラ

フェラーラ • (Ferāra)


カシミール

[ka̠ɕimʲiːɾɯ̟]

Kashmir (a contested geographic region of South Asia in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) India, Pakistan and China)


いのうえ

いのうえ • (Inōe)

井上 井ノ上 井之上 猪上 居上 井野上 井植 藺上 猪植 居野上 以野上 家ノ上 伊野上 猪ノ上 伊上 亥上

井上, 井ノ上, 井之上, 猪上, 居上, 井野上, 井植, 藺上, 猪植, 居野上, 以野上, 家ノ上, 伊野上, 猪ノ上, 伊上, 亥上: a surname


はしもと

橋本 橋下 橋元 端本 端元 箸本 嘴本 槁本 土師元 枦元 枦本

橋本, 橋下, 橋元, 槁本, 端本, 端元, 箸本, 嘴本, 槁本, 土師元, 枦元, 枦本: a surname


ふじい

藤井 藤居 葛井 冨士井 富士井 不二葦 藤伊 不二井 藤懿 藤飯 藤猪 藤位 藤ヰ 冨士居 富士居

藤井, 藤居, 葛井, 冨士井, 富士井, 不二葦, 藤伊, 不二井, 藤懿, 藤飯, 藤猪, 藤位, 藤ヰ, 冨士居, 富士居: a surname


ピタゴラス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πυθαγόρας (Puthagóras)

lbor

Pythagoras (Ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher)


ピュタゴラス

ピタゴラス ピタゴラス#Japanese

alternative form of ピタゴラス (Pitagorasu, “Pythagoras”)


パーディシャー

ja-pos

パーディシャー • (Pādishā)


文京

Bunkyō (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


杉並

Suginami (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


しょうあん

しょうあん • (Shōan)


ミカエル

1996 June 15 [1995 October 10], Narita, Minako, “SCENE(シーン).１(いち) ミカエルという名(な)の生(い)き物(もの) [Scene 1: A Living Namesake of Archangel Michael]”, in NATURAL(ナチュラル), 3rd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 100:

Michael
The name of an angel in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. He is regarded as the Guardian Angel of Israel as per the Old Testament, and he is said to have commanded the forces against Satan as per the New Testament
As such, he is commonly depicted as an armed young man

ミカエル（Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ）
ユダヤ教・キリスト教・イスラム教の天使の名。旧約聖書ではイスラエルの守護天使とされ、新約聖書ではサタンとの闘いを指揮する
その役割から武装した青年の姿をとって描かれることが多い

Mikaeru (Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ)
Yudaya-kyō Kirisuto-kyō Isuramu-kyō no tenshi no na. Kyūyaku Seisho de wa Isuraeru no Shugo Tenshi to sare, Shin'yaku Seisho de wa Satan to no tatakai o shikisuru
Sono yakuwari kara busō shita seinen no sugata o totte negakareru koto ga ōi

1996 June 15 [1995 October 10], Narita, Minako, “SCENE(シーン).１(いち) ミカエルという名(な)の生(い)き物(もの) [SCENE.1 A Living Namesake of Archangel Michael]”, in NATURAL(ナチュラル), 3rd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, pages 101–102:

Uh-huh. Names originating from the archangel Michael seem to be pretty common in modern times.

うん 最近はミカエルって呼ばれることが多いみたい

Un Saikin wa Mikaerutte yobareru koto ga ōi mitai

うん 最近はミカエルって呼ばれることが多いみたい

うん 最近はミカエルって呼ばれることが多いみたい

ja:ミカエル
ja:ミカエル (曖昧さ回避)


根室

From Ainu ネㇺ オロ コタン (nem oro kotan, “place of ponds”).

bor

Nemuro (a city in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Nemuro (a subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


空知

John Batchelor (missionary)
Sorachi
ja:空知

Derived from Ainu ソラㇷ゚チペッ (so rap ci pet), in turn a compound of Ainu so (“waterfall”) + v. rap (“to descend”, plural form of ran) + ci (plural nominalizing marker) + pet (“river”). The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).


啓蟄

Literally, “awakening of hibernating [insects]”.

lit

立春

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Spring

立夏

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Summer

立秋

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Autumn

立冬

二十四節気 (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”); Winter


穀雨

Orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 穀雨 (MC kuwk hjuX).


小満

lit. "grain full"; one of the solar terms


芒種

芒種 (canonical)
Bōshu (romanization)
Bausyu (romanization)
ばうしゆ (hiragana historical)

lit. "awns (beard of grain) grow"; one of the solar terms


立秋

Middle Chinese /*lip̚t͡sʰiu/ > Japanese /*ɾit̚t͡ʃʰjuː/ > /ɾiʃːjuː/

The first day of autumn, one of the solar terms.


立冬

The first day of winter (one of the solar terms)


りっとう

ja-pos

りっとう • (Rittō)

立冬: The first day of winter (one of the solar terms)


せいどうきじだい

青銅器時代 青銅器時代#Japanese


鉄器時代

鉄器時代 (canonical)
Tekki Jidai (romanization)

鉄器 (tekki, “ironware”) + 時代 (jidai, “age”)


レジオンドヌール

[ɾe̞ʑiõ̞ndo̞nɯ̟ːɾɯ̟]

ja:レジオンドヌール勲章


ロマンス諸語

ロマンス諸語 (canonical)
Romansu shogo (romanization)

[ɾo̞mã̠ɰ̃sɨ̥ ɕo̞ɡo̞]


インド・ヨーロッパ語族

ja-pos

インド・ヨーロッパごぞく

インド・ヨーロッパ語(ご)族(ぞく) • (Indo Yōroppagozoku)

インド・ヨーロッパ語族 (canonical)
Indo Yōroppagozoku (romanization)

インド (Indo, “India”) + ヨーロッパ (Yōroppa, “Europe”) + 語族 (gozoku, “language family”)

com

ja:インド・ヨーロッパ語族


バルト語派

バルト語派 (canonical)
Baruto goha (romanization)


スラヴ語派

スラヴ語派 (canonical)
Suravu goha (romanization)

[sɨɾa̠bɯ̟ ɡo̞ha̠]


スラブ語派

スラブ語派 (canonical)
Surabu goha (romanization)

[sɨɾa̠bɯ̟ ɡo̞ha̠]

スラヴ語派 スラヴ語派#Japanese


ケルト語派

ケルト語派 (canonical)
Keruto goha (romanization)


ゲルマン語派

ゲルマン語派 (canonical)
Geruman goha (romanization)

[ɡe̞ɾɯ̟ma̠ŋ ɡo̞ha̠]


イタリック語派

イタリック語派 (canonical)
Itarikku goha (romanization)


オーストロネシア語族

ja-pos

^オーストロネシア ごぞく

オーストロネシア語(ご)族(ぞく) • (Ōsutoroneshia gozoku)

オーストロネシア語族 (canonical)
Ōsutoroneshia gozoku (romanization)

[o̞ːsɨ̥to̞ɾo̞ne̞ɕia̠ ɡo̞zo̞kɯ̟]

オーストロネシア (Ōsutoroneshia, “Austronesia”) + 語族 (gozoku, “language family”)

com

ja:オーストロネシア語族


オーストラリア諸語

ja-pos

^オーストラリア しょご

オーストラリア諸語 (canonical)
Ōsutoraria shogo (romanization)

[o̞ːsɨ̥to̞ɾa̠ɾʲia̠ ɕo̞ɡo̞]

ja:オーストラリア諸語


オーストロアジア語族

^オーストロアジア ごぞく

オーストロアジア語(ご)族(ぞく) • (Ōsutoroajia gozoku)

オーストロアジア語族 (canonical)
Ōsutoroajia gozoku (romanization)

[o̞ːsɨ̥to̞ɾo̞a̠ʑia̠ ɡo̞zo̞kɯ̟]

ja:オーストロアジア語族


尼国

From Chinese 印度尼西亞 /印度尼西亚 (“Indonesia”).

(rare) Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


晶子

晶(あき)子(こ) or 晶(まさ)子(こ) or 晶(しょう)子(こ) • (Akiko or Masako or Shōko)

晶子 (canonical)
晶子 (canonical)
晶子 (canonical)
Akiko (romanization)
Masako (romanization)
Shōko (romanization)


紅蓮地獄

紅(ぐ)蓮(れん)地(じ)獄(ごく) • (Guren Jigoku) ^(←ぐれんぢごく (Gurendigoku)?)

紅蓮地獄 (canonical)
Guren Jigoku (romanization)
Gurendigoku (romanization)
ぐれんぢごく (hiragana historical)

[ɡɯ̟ɾe̞ɲ̟ d͡ʑiɡo̞kɯ̟]

Calque of Sanskrit पद्मनरक (Padma-naraka), equivalent to 紅蓮 (guren, “red/crimson lotus”) + 地獄 (jigoku, “Buddhist hell”).

compound

(Buddhism) the Hell of the Crimson Lotus; the Padma Hell (one of the eight cold hells in Buddhist eschatology)


鉢特摩地獄

ja-pos

鉢(は)特(ど)摩(ま)地(じ)獄(ごく) • (Hadoma Jigoku) ^(←はどまぢごく (Fadomadigoku)?)

鉢特摩地獄 (canonical)
Hadoma Jigoku (romanization)
Fadomadigoku (romanization)
はどまぢごく (hiragana historical)

From Sanskrit पद्म (padma, “lotus”) + 地獄 (jigoku, “hell”). 鉢特摩 is ateji (当て字).


織姫

From 織り (ori, “weaving”, stem of 織る (oru, “to weave”)) + 姫 (hime, “princess; lady”), a calque of Chinese 織女 /织女 (zhīnǚ, literally “Weaver Girl”).

stem of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">織る</i> (oru, “to weave”)

cal

Weaver Girl
w:The Weaver Girl and the Cowherd

(Japanese mythology, folklore) Orihime; "Weaver Princess" (Japanese version of the Chinese Weaver Girl)


織女星

織女星 (canonical)
Orihimeboshi (romanization)
しょくじょせい (alternative hiragana)
Shokujosei (Rōmaji)
しよくぢよせい (hiragana historical)

[ɕo̞kɯ̟ʑo̞se̞ː]

From 織姫 (Orihime) + 星 (-hoshi, “star”), or alternatively from 織女 (shokujo, “weaving woman”) + 星 (-sei, “star”). The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 織女星 /织女星 (Zhīnǚxīng).

suf

(astronomy) synonym of ベガ (Bega, “Vega”)


おりひめ星

おりひめ星 (canonical)
Orihimeboshi (romanization)

alternative spelling of 織女星 (“Vega”) (the brightest star in the constellation Lyra)


織姫星

織姫星 (canonical)
Orihimeboshi (romanization)


彦星

From 彦 (hiko, “prince; lord”) + 星 (hoshi, “star”).

af

Cowherd
w:The Weaver Girl and the Cowherd

(Japanese mythology, folklore) Hikoboshi (Japanese version of the Chinese Cowherd)

アルタイル アルタイル#Japanese

(astronomy) synonym of アルタイル (Arutairu, “Altair”)


アルタイル

[a̠ɾɯ̟ta̠iɾɯ̟]


牽牛星

ja-pos

牽(けん)牛(ぎゅう)星(せい) • (Kengyūsei) ^(←けんぎうせい (Kengiusei)?)

牽牛星 (canonical)
Kengyūsei (romanization)
Kengiusei (romanization)
けんぎうせい (hiragana historical)

[kẽ̞ŋʲɡʲɨːse̞ː]

アルタイル アルタイル#Japanese


チワワ

ja:チワワ (曖昧さ回避)

[t͡ɕiβ̞a̠β̞a̠]


丸子

a district of Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan


牛頭

牛頭 (canonical)
Gozu (romanization)
Godu (romanization)
ごづ (hiragana historical)

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) Ox-Head, one of the two guardians of hell


牛頭馬頭

牛(ご)頭(ず)馬(め)頭(ず) • (Gozu Mezu) ^(←ごづめづ (Godumedu)?)

牛頭馬頭 (canonical)
Gozu Mezu (romanization)
Godumedu (romanization)
ごづめづ (hiragana historical)

From 牛頭 (Gozu, “Ox-Head”) + 馬頭 (Mezu, “Horse-Head”). Compare Chinese 牛頭馬面／牛头马面 (niútóumǎmiàn, literally “Ox-Head and Horse-Face”).

zh-l

(Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) Ox-Head and Horse-Face, the two guardians of hell


馬頭星雲

馬頭星雲 (canonical)
Batō Seiun (romanization)

[ba̠to̞ː se̞ːɯ̟̃ɴ]


馬頭観音

ja-pos

馬(ば)頭(とう)観(かん)音(のん) • (Batō Kannon) ^(←ばとうくわんおん (Batoukwan'on)?)

馬頭観音 (canonical)
Batō Kannon (romanization)
Batoukwan'on (romanization)
ばとうくわんおん (hiragana historical)

[ba̠to̞ː kã̠nːõ̞ɴ]

馬頭 (batō, “horse head”, calque of Sanskrit हयग्रीव (hayagrīva)) + 観音 (Kannon, “Guanyin”). The on reading for 音 changes to non as an instance of renjō (連声).

af

calque of Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">हयग्रीव</i> (hayagrīva)


酒田

Sakata (a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan)


佐倉

Literally “assistant, helper” + “warehouse”.

Sakura (a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan)


天平

天平感宝

天平感宝 てんぴょうかんぽう


倭国

[β̞a̠ko̞kɯ̟]

(historical) Japan; various historical states on the Japanese archipelago


グリニッジ平均時

ja-pos

グリニッジ平(へい)均(きん)時(じ) • (Gurinijji Heikinji)

グリニッジ平均時 (canonical)
Gurinijji Heikinji (romanization)

グリニッジ (Gurinijji, “Greenwich”) + 平均時 (heikinji, “mean time”)

compound

グリニッジ標準時 グリニッジ標準時#Japanese


亜墨利加

Ateji (当て字). First attested on Kunyu Wanguo Quantu by Matteo Ricci.


黄金時代

ja-pos

黄(おう)金(ごん)時(じ)代(だい) • (Ōgon Jidai) ^(←わうごんじだい (Waugonzidai)?)

黄金時代 (canonical)
Ōgon Jidai (romanization)
Waugonzidai (romanization)
わうごんじだい (hiragana historical)

[o̞ːɡo̞ɲ̟ d͡ʑida̠i]

From 黄金 (ōgon, “gold”) + 時代 (jidai, “age”).


英雄時代

英雄時代 (canonical)
Eiyū Jidai (romanization)


ベンガル

ja:ベンガル ja:ベンガル地方

From English Bengal. Doublet of 弁柄 (bengara).


アルメニア共和国

アルメニア きょうわこく

アルメニア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Arumenia Kyōwakoku)

アルメニア共和国 (canonical)
Arumenia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

[a̠ɾɯ̟me̞ɲ̟ia̠ kʲo̞ːβ̞a̠ko̞kɯ̟]

アルメニア (Arumenia, “Armenia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

compound

Republic of Armenia
Republic of Armenia#English:_Q399

Republic of Armenia (official name of Armenia: a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


女媧

女媧 (canonical)
Joka (romanization)
Dyokwa (romanization)
ぢよくわ (hiragana historical)


忍田

→ English: Shinoda

desc

→ Russian: Синода (Sinoda), Шинода (Šinoda)


中国本土

中国本土 (canonical)
Chūgokuhondo (romanization)


中國本土

中國本土 (canonical)
Chūgokuhondo (romanization)


バーミューダ

ja-pos

バーミューダ • (Bāmyūda)

2003 July 30 [1983 June 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太の海底鬼岩城 [Nobita and the Castle of the Undersea Devil] (大長編ドラえもん; 4), 106th edition, volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 56:

The vertices of the Triangle are in the headland of the peninsula of Florida, Puerto Rico and Bermuda.

フロリダ半島の先っぽと、プエルトリコ島とバーミューダ島をむすんだ三角海域さ。

三角海域 トライアングル

Furorida-hantō no sakippo to, Pueruto Riko-tō to Bāmyūda-tō o musunda Toraianguru sa.

バミューダ バミューダ#Japanese

alternative form of バミューダ (Bamyūda): Bermuda (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean)


キリシタン

[kʲiɾʲiɕitã̠ɴ]

From Portuguese cristão. Cognate with Malay Kristang (“creole people in Malacca”). The kanji spellings are ateji.

cog

early Japanese Christianity, from the Muromachi period


ペルー共和国

ペルー共和国 (canonical)
Perū Kyōwakoku (romanization)

ペルー (Perū, “Peru”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

compound

Republic of Peru
Republic of Peru#English:_Q419

Republic of Peru (official name of Peru: a country in South America)


尼羅河

尼羅河 (canonical)
Nairu-gawa (romanization)

[na̠iɾɯ̟ɡa̠β̞a̠]

obsolete spelling of the ナイル川 (= the Nile): a river in Africa


レア

ja:レア
ja:レア (旧約聖書)


レア

alternative form of レアー (Reā, “Rhea”) (goddess)


パプア

Borrowed from English Papua, from Malay Papua.


大英帝国

大英帝国 (canonical)
Daiei Teikoku (romanization)

大 (dai, “great”) + 英 (ei, “Britain”) + 帝国 (teikoku, “empire”)

ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典
w:ja:ブリタニカ国際大百科事典


象牙海岸

象牙海岸 (canonical)
Zōge Kaigan (romanization)

From Chinese 象牙海岸 (Xiàngyá Hǎi'àn), equivalent to 象牙 (zōge, “elephant tusk, ivory”) + 海岸 (kaigan, “coast”), calque of French Côte d'Ivoire.

af

コートジボワール コートジボワール#Japanese

(obsolete) synonym of コートジボワール (Kōto Jibowāru, “Côte d'Ivoire”): Ivory Coast (a country in West Africa)


白雪

Compound of 白 (shira, “white”) + 雪 (yuki, “snow”).


アイルランド共和国

ja-pos

アイルランド きょうわこく

アイルランド共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Airurando Kyōwakoku)

アイルランド共和国 (canonical)
Airurando Kyōwakoku (romanization)

アイルランド (Airurando, “Ireland”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

compound

Republic of Ireland
Republic of Ireland#English:_Q27

Republic of Ireland (long form of Ireland: an island country in northwestern Europe)


ブレスト

ja:ブレスト
ja:ブレスト (フランス)

[bɯ̟ɾe̞sɨ̥to̞]


ブレスト

ja:ブレスト
ja:ブレスト (ベラルーシ)

[bɯ̟ɾe̞sɨ̥to̞]


ブレスト

ja:ブレスト
ja:ブレスト (ニーダーザクセン)

[bɯ̟ɾe̞sɨ̥to̞]


鶏冠山

鶏冠山 (canonical)
Keikanzan (romanization)

[ke̞ːkã̠nd͡zã̠ɴ]

鶏冠 (keikan) + 山 (san). The san changes to zan as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

a mountain in Kōshū, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan


鶏冠山

鶏冠山 (canonical)
Tosakayama (romanization)

a mountain in Yamanashi, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan


蘇門答刺

蘇門答刺 (canonical)
Sumatora (romanization)


馬来

ja-pos

馬来(マレー) • (Marē)

Borrowed from English Malay. The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Mandarin 馬來 /马来 (Mǎlái).


箕作

New Latin: Mitsukurinidae, Mitsukurina


ダビデ

2001 March 10 [1998 December 16], Motohiro Katou, “ミネルヴァの梟(ふくろう) [Owl of Minerva]”, in Ｑ(キュー).Ｅ(イー).Ｄ(ディー). 証(しょう)明(めい)終(しゅう)了(りょう) [Q.E.D. Quod Erat Demonstrandum], 9th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 102:

For example, the king of spades is King David of Israel

例えばスペードのＫはイスラエルのダビデ王

Tatoeba supēdo no kingu wa Isuraeru no Dabide Ō


マケドニア共和国

マケドニア きょうわこく

マケドニア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Makedonia Kyōwakoku)

マケドニア共和国 (canonical)
Makedonia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

マケドニア (Makedonia, “Macedonia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”)

af

Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia#English:_Q221

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(historical) Republic of Macedonia (former official name of North Macedonia: a country in Southeast Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula)


フランス領ポリネシア

ja-pos

^フランス-りょう ^ポリネシア

フランス領(りょう)ポリネシア • (Furansu-ryō Porineshia)

フランス領ポリネシア (canonical)
Furansu-ryō Porineshia (romanization)

フランス (Furanse, “France”) + 領 (ryō, “reign”) + ポリネシア (Porineshia, “Polynesia”)

com

French Polynesia
French Polynesia#English

French Polynesia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)

ja:フランス領ポリネシア


ポリネシア

Polynesia (a continental region of Oceania, including Easter Island, Hawaii, New Zealand, and most of the islands between them)


チューリッヒ

[t͡ɕɨːɾʲiçːi]


三和

Compound of 三 (mi, “three”) + 和 (wa, “harmony”).


三和

Compound of 三つ (mitsu, “three”) + わ (wa, “harmony”).


金成

金成 (canonical)
Kanari (romanization)
金成 (canonical)
Kannari (romanization)