第三インターナショナル

だいさん インターナショナル

第(だい)三(さん)インターナショナル • (Daisan Intānashonaru)

第三インターナショナル (canonical)
Daisan Intānashonaru (romanization)

Calque of English Third International, equivalent to 第三 (daisan, “third”) + インターナショナル (intānashonaru, “international”)

af

コミンテルン コミンテルン#Japanese

(historical, communism) synonym of コミンテルン (Komiterun, “Comintern”); the Third International


第三インター

第三インター (canonical)
Daisan Intā (romanization)

第三インターナショナル 第三インターナショナル#Japanese

clipping of 第三インターナショナル (“Third International”)


国際共産党

ja-pos

こくさい きょうさんとう

国(こく)際(さい)共(きょう)産(さん)党(とう) • (Kokusai Kyōsantō) ^(←こくさいきようさんたう (Kokusaikyousantau)?)

国際共産党 (canonical)
Kokusai Kyōsantō (romanization)
Kokusaikyousantau (romanization)
こくさいきようさんたう (hiragana historical)

From 国際 (kokusai, “international”) + 共産党 (kyōsantō, “communist party”).

af

コミンテルン コミンテルン#Japanese

(history, communism) synonym of コミンテルン (Komiterun, “Comintern”); the Communist International


第一インターナショナル

ja-pos

だい.いち インターナショナル

第(だい)一(いち)インターナショナル • (Daiichi Intānashonaru)

第一インターナショナル (canonical)
Daiichi Intānashonaru (romanization)

Calque of English First International, equivalent to 第一 (daiichi, “first”) + インターナショナル (intānashonaru, “international”)

af

(history, socialism, communism, anarchism) the First International

ja:第一インターナショナル


第二インターナショナル

ja-pos

だいに インターナショナル

第(だい)二(に)インターナショナル • (Daini Intānashonaru)

第二インターナショナル (canonical)
Daini Intānashonaru (romanization)

Calque of English Second International, equivalent to 第二 (daini, “second”) + インターナショナル (intānashonaru, “international”)

af

(historical, socialism) the Second International

ja:第二インターナショナル


国際労働者協会

ja-pos

こくさい ろうどうしゃ きょうかい

こくさいらうどうしやけふくわい

国(こく)際(さい)労(ろう)働(どう)者(しゃ)協(きょう)会(かい) • (Kokusai Rōdōsha Kyōkai) ^(←こくさいらうどうしやけふくわい (Kokusairaudousyakefukwai)?)

国際労働者協会 (canonical)
Kokusai Rōdōsha Kyōkai (romanization)
Kokusairaudousyakefukwai (romanization)
こくさいらうどうしやけふくわい (hiragana historical)

From 国際 (kokusai, “international”) + 労働者 (rōdōsha, “laborer”) + 協会 (kyōkai, “association”).

af

第一インターナショナル 第一インターナショナル#Japanese

(history, socialism, communism, anarchism) synonym of 第一インターナショナル (Daiichi Intānashonaru, “First International”); the International Workingmen's Association


あこうぎし

赤穂義士: loyal retainers of Akō Domain, famously known as the forty-seven rōnin


古事記

zh-l

古事記／古事记 (Gǔshìjì)

→ Chinese: 古事記／古事记 (Gǔshìjì)

→ Korean: 고사기 (Gosagi)

→ Vietnamese: Cổ sự ký

Compound of 古事 (koji, “ancient matters”) + 記 (ki, “written record”).
Alternatively, from 古 (ko, “ancient”) + 事記 (jiki, “recorded written events”).

com

the earliest historical record of ancient Japan, written in 711–712 CE


古事記

古事記 (canonical)
Furukotobumi (romanization)

The kun-read spelling, coined by Motoori Norinaga in his titular commentary, the Kojiki-den (1798).
Equivalent to 古事 (furukoto, “ancient matters”) + 書 (fumi, “writing”). The fumi changes to bumi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

1798, Motoori Norinaga, Commentaries on the Kojiki
さて日本紀をば、夜麻登夫美と訓むを……されど彼の夜麻登夫美の例に傚はば、布琉許登夫美とぞ訓まし
Sate Nihongi o ba, Yamatobumi to yomu o… saredo ka no Yamatobumi no rei ni narawaba, Furukotobumi to zo yomamashi
Then, if the Nihongi is read in purely native language as Yamato-bumi... following this custom [the Kojiki] is as Furukoto-bumi.

布琉許登夫美 フルコトブミ

(rare) the Kojiki (earliest historical record of ancient Japan written in 711–712 CE)


シャム

(historical) Siam (former name of Thailand: a country in Southeast Asia)


ヒマラヤ

Borrowed from Sanskrit हिमालय (himā-laya, “abode of snow”), from हिम (himá, “frost, snow”) + आलय (ā-laya, “house, abode, dwelling”).


エチオピア連邦民主共和国

ja-pos

エチオピア れんぽう みんしゅ きょうわこく

エチオピア連(れん)邦(ぽう)民(みん)主(しゅ)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Echiopia Renpō Minshu Kyōwakoku)

エチオピア連邦民主共和国 (canonical)
Echiopia Renpō Minshu Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From エチオピア (Echiopia, “Ethiopia”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 民主 (minshū, “democracy”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia#English:_Q115

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (official name of Ethiopia: a country in East Africa)


やまとぶみ

大和文: alternative name for the Nihon Shoki (oldest Japanese chronicle compiled in 720 CE)


ヒンドゥー教

ja-pos

ヒンドゥー教(きょう) • (Hindū-kyō)

ヒンドゥー教 (canonical)
Hindū-kyō (romanization)

[çĩndɯ̟ː kʲo̞ː]

From ヒンドゥー (Hindū, “Hindu”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”).


ほんじょう

ja-pos

ほんじょう • (Honjō)

本庄: A place name, such as that of Honjo City in Saitama Prefecture.


アリストテレース

アリストテレス アリストテレス#Japanese

alternative form of アリストテレス (Arisutoteresu, “Aristotle”)


廣南國

廣南國 (canonical)
Kannankoku (romanization)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 廣南國 /广南国 (Guǎngnánguó)

obor

Kyūjitai form of 広南国 (“territory ruled by the Nguyễn lords”)


広南国

広南国 (canonical)
Kannankoku (romanization)

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 廣南國 /广南国 (Guǎngnánguó).

(historical) Đàng Trong (territory ruled by the Nguyễn lords)


プルタルコス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πλούταρχος (Ploútarkhos)


アテナイ

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀθῆναι (Athênai)

alternative form of アテネ (Atene, “Athens”)


芹沢

ja-pos

芹(せり)沢(ざわ) or 芹沢(せりさわ) • (Serizawa or Serisawa)

芹沢 (canonical)
芹沢 (canonical)
Serizawa (romanization)
Serisawa (romanization)


芹澤

芹(せり)澤(ざわ) or 芹澤(せりさわ) • (Serizawa or Serisawa)

芹澤 (canonical)
芹澤 (canonical)
Serizawa (romanization)
Serisawa (romanization)


インテル

ja:インテル
ja:インテル (曖昧さ回避)


古代教会スラブ語

^こだい ^きょうかい ^スラブ-ご

古(こ)代(だい)教(きょう)会(かい)スラブ語(ご) • (Kodai Kyōkai Surabu-go)

古代教会スラブ語 (canonical)
Kodai Kyōkai Surabu-go (romanization)

古代教会スラヴ語 古代教会スラヴ語#Japanese

alternative form of 古代教会スラヴ語 (Kodai Kyōkai Suravu-go, “Old Church Slavonic”)


エッジワース・カイパーベルト

^エッジワース・^カイパー ベルト

エッジワース・カイパーベルト • (Ejjiwāsu Kaipā beruto)

ja:エッジワース・カイパーベルト


南沙諸島

南沙諸島 (canonical)
Nansa Shotō (romanization)

Calque of Chinese 南沙群島 /南沙群岛 (Nánshā Qúndǎo)


スプラトリー諸島

スプラトリー諸島 (canonical)
Supuratorī Shotō (romanization)

synonym of 南沙諸島 (Nansa Shotō, “Spratly Islands”)


スプラトリー群島

スプラトリー群島 (canonical)
Supuratorī Guntō (romanization)


西沙諸島

西沙諸島 (canonical)
Seisa Shotō (romanization)

Calque of Chinese 西沙群島 /西沙群岛 (Xīshā Qúndǎo)


パラセル諸島

パラセル諸島 (canonical)
Paraseru Shotō (romanization)

synonym of 西沙諸島 (Seisa Shotō, “Paracel Islands”)


パラセル群島

パラセル群島 (canonical)
Paraseru Guntō (romanization)


東沙諸島

東沙諸島 (canonical)
Tōsa Shotō (romanization)

Calque of Chinese 東沙群島 /东沙群岛 (Dōngshā Qúndǎo)


パンドーラー

ja-pos

パンドーラー • (Pandōrā)

[pã̠ndo̞ːɾa̠ː]

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πᾰνδώρᾱ (Păndṓrā)


パンドラ

パンドーラー パンドーラー#Japanese

alternative form of パンドーラー (Pandōrā, “Pandora”) (character in Greek mythology)


パンドーラーの箱

ja-pos

^パンドーラー の はこ

パンドーラーの箱 (canonical)
Pandōrā no hako (romanization)

From パンドーラー (Pandōrā, “Pandora”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 箱 (hako, “box”).


パンドラの箱

パンドーラーの箱 パンドーラーの箱#Japanese

alternative form of パンドーラーの箱 (Pandōrā no hako, “Pandora's box”)


ヘーシオドス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἡσῐ́οδος (Hēsĭ́odos)


ヘシオドス

ヘーシオドス ヘーシオドス#Japanese

alternative form of ヘーシオドス (Hēshiodosu, “Hesiod”)


タレス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Θαλῆς (Thalês)


カルカッタ

synonym of コルカタ (Korukata, “Kolkata”), the capital city of West Bengal, India


エウクレイデス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Εὐκλείδης (Eukleídēs)


ソマリア連邦共和国

ja-pos

ソマリア れんぽう きょうわこく

ソマリア連(れん)邦(ぽう)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Somaria Renpō Kyōwakoku)

ソマリア連邦共和国 (canonical)
Somaria Renpō Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ソマリア (Somaria, “Somalia”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Federal Republic of Somalia#English:_Q1045

Federal Republic of Somalia (official name of Somalia: a country in East Africa)


ソマリ語

ソマリ語 (canonical)
Somari-go (romanization)

From ソマリ (Somari, “Somali”) + 語 (-go, “language”).


ゴールデンゲート橋

ja-pos

^ゴールデン ^ゲート-きょう

ゴールデンゲート橋(きょう) • (Gōruden Gēto-kyō)

ゴールデンゲート橋 (canonical)
Gōruden Gēto-kyō (romanization)

From ゴールデンゲート (Gōruden Gēto, “Golden Gate”) + 橋 (-kyō, “bridge”), calque of English Golden Gate Bridge.

suf

ゴールデン・ゲート・ブリッジ ゴールデン・ゲート・ブリッジ#Japanese

synonym of ゴールデン・ゲート・ブリッジ (Gōruden Gēto Burijji, “Golden Gate Bridge”)


金門橋

金門橋 (canonical)
Kinmonkyō (romanization)

From 金門 (Kinmon, “Golden Gate”) + 橋 (-kyō, “bridge”), calque of English Golden Gate Bridge.

ゴールデン・ゲート・ブリッジ ゴールデン・ゲート・ブリッジ#Japanese


興亜奉公日

興亜奉公日 (canonical)
Kōa-Hōkōbi (romanization)

From 興(こう)亜(あ) (kōa, “development of Asia”) + 奉(ほう)公(こう) (hōkō, “public duty”) + 日(ひ) (hi, “day”).

ja-compound

国民精神総動員運動 国民精神総動員運動#Japanese

(historical) "Day of Public Duty for the Development of Asia": the first day of every month (1939–1942), when eating at restaurants was forbidden as part of the National Spiritual Mobilization Movement (国民精神総動員運動)

大詔奉戴日

大詔奉戴日 たいしょうほうたいび


クメール・ルージュ

ja-pos

クメール・ルージュ • (Kumēru Rūju)

From French Khmers rouges pl (noun), khmer rouge (adjective).

ja:クメール・ルージュ


大乗仏教

大(だい)乗(じょう)仏(ぶっ)教(きょう) • (Daijō Bukkyō) ^(←だいじようぶつけう (Daizyoubutukeu)?)

大乗仏教 (canonical)
Daijō Bukkyō (romanization)
Daizyoubutukeu (romanization)
だいじようぶつけう (hiragana historical)

[da̠iʑo̞ː bɯ̟k̚ʲkʲo̞ː]

From 大乗 (Daijō, “Mahayana”) + 仏教 (Bukkyō, “Buddhism”), from Chinese 大乘佛教 (Dàchéng Fójiào), from Sanskrit महायान (mahāyāna).


金剛般若波羅蜜多経

ja-pos

^こんごう ^はんにゃ ^はらみた-きょう

^こんがう ^はんにや ^はらみた-きやう

金(こん)剛(ごう)般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(み)多(た)経(きょう) • (Kongō Hannya Haramita-kyō) ^(←こんがうはんにやはらみたきやう (Kongau Fannya Faramita-kyau)?)

金剛般若波羅蜜多経 (canonical)
Kongō Hannya Haramita-kyō (romanization)
Kongau Fannya Faramita-kyau (romanization)
こんがうはんにやはらみたきやう (hiragana historical)

Partial calque of Sanskrit वज्रच्छेदिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र (Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra).
Equivalent to 金(こん)剛(ごう) (kongō, “vajra → diamond”) + 般(はん)若(にゃ)波(は)羅(ら)蜜(み)多(た) (hannya haramita, “perfection of wisdom (prajnaparamita)”) + 経(きょう) (kyō, “sutra”).

partial calque

वज्रच्छेदिकाप्रज्ञापारमितासूत्र

ja-compound

はん%にゃ は%ら%み%た

(Buddhism) the Diamond-cutter Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra


金剛般若経

ja-pos

こんごう はんにゃきょう

金(こん)剛(ごう)般(はん)若(にゃ)経(きょう) • (Kongō Hannyakyō) ^(←こんがうはんにやきやう (Kongaufannyakyau)?)

金剛般若経 (canonical)
Kongō Hannyakyō (romanization)
Kongaufannyakyau (romanization)
こんがうはんにやきやう (hiragana historical)

金剛般若波羅蜜多経 金剛般若波羅蜜多経#Japanese

clipping of 金剛般若波羅蜜多経 (Kongō Hannya Haramitakyō, “Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra”)


金剛経

金(こん)剛(ごう)経(きょう) • (Kongō-kyō) ^(←こんがうきやう (Kongau-kyau)?)

金剛経 (canonical)
Kongō-kyō (romanization)
Kongau-kyau (romanization)
こんがうきやう (hiragana historical)

[kõ̞ŋɡo̞ːkʲo̞ː]

金剛般若波羅蜜多経 金剛般若波羅蜜多経#Japanese

clipping of 金剛般若波羅蜜多経 (Kongō Hannya Haramita-kyō): the Diamond-cutter Perfection of Wisdom Sutra


酒匂

酒匂(さこう) • (Sakō)


儀同三司

儀同三司 (canonical)
Gidō-sanshi (romanization)

[ɡʲido̞ːsã̠ɰ̃ɕi]

By the same appellation of 儀礼 (girei, “courtesy”) to the 三司 (sanshi, collective term for the “three highest ranks of the Daijō-kan”).

(historical) a title of Fujiwara no Korechika, Heian-period nobleman, who first assumed this post

儀同三司母

Gidō-sanshi no Haha, courtesy name of Takashina no Takako, the mother of Korechika


大韓帝國

大韓帝國 (canonical)
Daikan Teikoku (romanization)

Kyūjitai form of 大韓帝国: the Korean Empire


パーリ語

[pa̠ːɾʲi ɡo̞]


儀同三司母

^ぎどう-さんし の ^はは

儀(ぎ)同(どう)三(さん)司(しの)母(はは) • (Gidō-sanshi no Haha)

儀同三司母 (canonical)
Gidō-sanshi no Haha (romanization)

First attested in the Shika Wakashū (c. 1151).
儀同三司 (Gidō-sanshi, “honorary grand minister”) is a title first assumed by Fujiwara no Korechika, Heian-period nobleman.

忘れじの行く末まではかたければけふを限りの命ともがな

wasureji no yukusue made wa katakereba kyō o kagiri no inochi to mogana

You promise you'll never forget, but to the end of time is too long to ask. So let me die today―still loved by you.

a courtesy name of Takashina no Kishi/Takako, Heian-period poet

Fujiwara no Korechika
Heian period
Shika Wakashū


ていしんこう

貞信公: posthumous name of Fujiwara no Tadahira, Heian-period politician


入道前太政大臣

^にゅうどう ^さき の ^だいじょう-だいじん

^にふだう ^さき の ^だいじやう-だいじん

入道前太政大臣(にゅうどうさきのだいじょうだいじん) • (Nyūdō Saki no Daijō-daijin) ^(←にふだうさきのだいじやうだいじん (Nifudau Saki no Daizyau-daizin)?)

入道前太政大臣 (canonical)
Nyūdō Saki no Daijō-daijin (romanization)
Nifudau Saki no Daizyau-daizin (romanization)
にふだうさきのだいじやうだいじん (hiragana historical)

Compound of 入道 (nyūdō, “monk; lay novice”) + 前 (saki, “former, previous”) + の (no, genitive particle) + 太政大臣 (daijō-daijin, “grand chancellor”, literally “imperial government + cabinet minister”).
Literally the “lay novice and former chancellor”.

compound

花さそふ嵐の庭の雪ならでふりゆくものはわが身なりけり

hana sasou arashi no niwa no yuki narade furi yuku mono wa waga mi narikeri

Blossoms flurry in with the storm, but the garden’s snow scatters naught but the years of my life.

courtesy title of Saionji Kintsune, Kamakura-period poet and nobleman


後京極摂政前太政大臣

ja-pos

後%京%極%摂%政%前%太%政%大%臣

^ご%きょう%ごく% ^せっ%しょう% ^さき の% ^だい%じょう%-だい%じん

^ごきやうごく ^せつしやう ^さき の ^だいじやう-だいじん

後(ご)京(きょう)極(ごく)摂(せっ)政(しょう)前(さきの)太(だい)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) • (Gokyōgoku Sesshō Saki no Daijō-daijin) ^(←ごきやうごくせつしやうさきのだいじやうだいじん (Gokyaugoku Setusyau Saki no Daizyau-daizin)?)

後京極摂政前太政大臣 (canonical)
Gokyōgoku Sesshō Saki no Daijō-daijin (romanization)
ごきやうごくせつしやうさきのだいじやうだいじん (hiragana historical)

Literally the “Gokyōgoku Regent and former Chancellor of the Realm”.
Gokyōgoku refers to the 後京極流 (Gokyōgoku-ryū), a school of calligraphy founded by Yoshitsune.

きりぎりす鳴くや霜夜のさむしろに衣かたしきひとりかも寝む

kirigirisu naku ya shimoyo no samushiro ni koromo katashiki hitori ka mo nen

A cricket cries out near my straw mattress, in the cold of a frosty night―as I spread my single robe to spend the night alone.

courtesy title of Kujō Yoshitsune, Heian-Kamakura period court nobleman and poet


新高山

新高山 (canonical)
Niitakayama (romanization)

From Torii and Ushinosuke's discovery in 1900 that Yushan was higher than Mount Fuji in the Japanese Islands.

(historical) former name of 玉山, the highest mountain on Taiwan Island


にいたかやま

新高山: Mount Niitaka, a former name of Yushan


ブラフマー

[bɯ̟ɾa̠ɸɯ̟ma̠ː]

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ब्रह्मा (brahmā)


ヴィシュヌ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit विष्णु (viṣṇu)


ビシュヌ

ヴィシュヌ ヴィシュヌ#Japanese

alternative form of ヴィシュヌ (Vishunu, “Vishnu”)


シヴァ

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शिव (śiva)


バラモン教

バラモン教 (canonical)
Baramonkyō (romanization)

[ba̠ɾa̠mõ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ː]

From バラモン (baramon, “brahmin”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”), from Chinese 婆羅門教 /婆罗门教 (póluóménjiào).


婆羅門教

ja-pos

婆羅門教(バラモンきょう) • (Baramonkyō)

婆羅門教 (canonical)
Baramonkyō (romanization)

[ba̠ɾa̠mõ̞ŋʲkʲo̞ː]

From Chinese 婆羅門教 /婆罗门教 (póluóménjiào). 婆羅門 is ateji (当て字).

バラモン教 バラモン教#Japanese

alternative spelling of バラモン教 (“Brahmanism”)


ヘルツェゴビナ

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Herzegovina (a historical region consisting of the southern one-fourth of Bosnia and Herzegovina)


産業革命

産(さん)業(ぎょう)革(かく)命(めい) • (Sangyō Kakumei)

産業革命 (canonical)
Sangyō Kakumei (romanization)

[sã̠ŋʲɡʲo̞ː ka̠kɯ̟me̞ː]

From 産業 (sangyō, “industry”) + 革命 (kakumei, “revolution”).

af

Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution


次高山

次高山 (canonical)
Tsugitakayama (romanization)

From the discovery that Xueshan was higher than Mount Fuji in the Japanese Islands but shorter than Yushan on Taiwan.

(historical) former name of 玉山, the 2nd-highest mountain on Taiwan Island


つぎたかやま

次高山: Xueshan, the 2nd-tallest mountain on Taiwan Island


てんりきょう

new religious movement
new religious movement

天理教: Tenrikyo, Tenriism: new religious movement founded by Nakayama Miki in 1838


天の川銀河

ja-pos

天(あま)の川(がわ)銀(ぎん)河(が) • (Amanogawa Ginga)

天の川銀河 (canonical)
Amanogawa Ginga (romanization)

From 天の川 (Amanogawa, “Milky Way”) + 銀河 (ginga, “galaxy”).

af

(astronomy) synonym of 銀河系 (Gingakei, “Milky Way”)


セーヌ

ja-pos

セーヌ • (Sēnu)

セーヌ川

Seine (a major river in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Grand Est, Île-de-France and Normandy regions, France)


モントセラト

Montserrat (an island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean)


四書五経

四(し)書(しょ)五(ご)経(きょう) • (Shisho Gokyō) ^(←ししよごきやう (Sisyo Gokyau)?)

四書五経 (canonical)
Shisho Gokyō (romanization)
Sisyo Gokyau (romanization)
ししよごきやう (hiragana historical)

[ɕi̥ɕo̞ ɡo̞kʲo̞ː]

From Literary Chinese 四書五經 (Sìshūwǔjīng).

Four Books and Five Classics#English:_Q1377760

(Confucianism) Four Books and Five Classics (chinese texts that serve as the authoritative works of Confucianism)


法性寺入道前関白太政大臣

法%性%寺%入%道%前%関%白%太%政%大%臣

^ほっ%しょう%-じ% ^にゅう%どう% ^さき の% ^かん%ぱく% ^だい%じょう%-だい%じん

^ほつしやう-じ ^にふだう ^さき の ^くわんぱく ^だいじやう-だいじん

法(ほっ)性(しょう)寺(じ)入(にゅう)道(どう)前(さきの)関(かん)白(ぱく)太(だい)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) • (Hosshō-ji Nyūdō Saki no Kanpaku Daijō-daijin) ^(←ほつしやうじにふだうさきのくわんぱくだいじやうだいじん (Fotusyau-zi Nifudau Saki no Kwanpaku Daizyau-daizin)?)

法性寺入道前関白太政大臣 (canonical)
ほつしやうじにふだうさきのくわんぱくだいじやうだいじん (hiragana historical)

Literally the “lay priest of Hosshō-ji Temple, former Regent and Chancellor of the Realm”.

わたの原漕ぎ出でて見ればひさかたの雲居にまがふ沖つ白波

wata no hara kogiidete mireba hisakata no kumoi ni magau oki tsu shiranami

I row out on the wide expanse of waters―indistinguishable: white peaks of waves in the offing, banks of clouds in the sky.

courtesy title of Fujiwara no Tadamichi, late Heian-period poet and statesman


枢密

(historical) short for 枢密院 (Sūmitsuin, “Privy Council to the Emperor of Japan”)


世宗

a temple name used for Chinese emperors, Vietnamese rulers, or Korean monarchs


世宗

[se̞ d͡ʑõ̞ɴ]

From Korean 세종 (sejong), ultimately from Chinese 世宗 (Shìzōng).

a special self-governing city of South Korea


かわらのさだいじん

^かわら の ^さだいじん

河原左大臣 河原左大臣#Japanese

河原左大臣: the Minister of the Left of Kawara; courtesy name of Minamoto no Tōru, Heian-period poet and statesman


黄門

黄(こう)門(もん) • (Kōmon) ^(←くわうもん (Kwaumon)?)

黄門 (canonical)
Kōmon (romanization)
Kwaumon (romanization)
くわうもん (hiragana historical)

/kwau mon/ → /kʷɔːmoɴ/ → /koːmoɴ/
From Middle Chinese 黃門 (MC hwang mwon).

short for 水戸黄門 (Mito Kōmon): a nickname of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, the second daimyo of Mito Domain


紅頭嶼

(historical) former name of 蘭嶼: Orchid Island


こうとうしょ

こうとうしょ • (Kōtōsho)

紅頭嶼: Koto Island, former name of Orchid Island


西行

西(さい)行(ぎょう) • (Saigyō) ^(←さいぎやう (Saigyau)?)

西行 (canonical)
Saigyō (romanization)
Saigyau (romanization)
さいぎやう (hiragana historical)

/sai ɡʲau/ → /saiɡʲɔː/ → /saiɡʲoː/
Literally "western journey", in reference to the Amitābha Buddha and 西方浄土 (Saihō Jōdo, “western paradise”) in Pure Land Buddhism.

嘆けとて月やはものを思はするかこち顔なるわが涙かな

nageke tote tsuki ya wa mono o omowasuru kakochi-gao naru waga namida kana

As if telling me to grieve, the moon―is it she that makes me melancholy? My troubled face, ah, my tears!

late Heian- to early Kamakura-period poet and Buddhist priest


普賢菩薩

普賢菩薩 (canonical)
Fugen Bosatsu (romanization)

From 普 (fu, “universal, wide”) + 賢 (ken, “clever, wise, worthy”) + 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”).
Fugen is a calque of Sanskrit समन्तभद्र (samantabhadra, literally “universally worthy”).

calque

(Buddhism) Samantabhadra, the bodhisattva of meditation

文殊菩薩

文殊菩薩 もんじゅぼさつ


北マケドニア

北マケドニア (canonical)
Kita Makedonia (romanization)

From 北 (kita, “north”) + マケドニア (Makedonia, “Macedonia”).

af

North Macedonia
North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

North Macedonia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


北マケドニア共和国

ja-pos

きた マケドニア きょうわこく

北(きた)マケドニア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Kita Makedonia Kyōwakoku)

北マケドニア共和国 (canonical)
Kita Makedonia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From 北マケドニア (Kita Makedonia, “North Macedonia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Republic of North Macedonia#English:_Q221

Republic of North Macedonia (official name of North Macedonia: a country in Southeast Europe)


黒潮

ja-pos

黒(くろ)潮(しお) • (Kuroshio) ^(←くろしほ (Kurosifo)?)

黒潮 (canonical)
Kuroshio (romanization)
Kurosifo (romanization)
くろしほ (hiragana historical)

English: Kuroshio

[kɯ̟ɾo̞ɕio̞]


ミズガルズ

[mʲizɨɡa̠ɾɯ̟zɨ]

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Miðgarðr (literally “middle realm”)


パサルガダエ

Learned borrowing from Latin Pasargadae, from Ancient Greek Πασαργάδαι (Pasargádai).

1987 March 20 [1987 February 20], Fujiko Fujio, “カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing]”, in カンビュセスの籤(くじ) [Cambyses’s Drawing] (藤子不二雄 ＳＦ全短編; 1), 2nd edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, →ISBN, 第一章, page 280:

If only I could come back to Pasargadae. If only I could see the shine of those gates again…

パサルガダエに帰りつくまでは あの塔門の輝きを再びこの目でみるまでは……

Pasarugadae ni kaeritsuku made wa Ano tōmon no kagayaki o futatabi kono me de miru made wa……


キュロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κῦρος (Kûros)

わが名(わ)はサルク！主(あるじ)はカンビュセス‼キュロスの子(こ)アフラ・マズダのよみし給(たま)う者(もの)ペルシア王(おう)にして諸(しょ)王(おう)の王(おう)‼

My name is Sarc! I serve Cambyses!! The king of the kings of Persia, son of Cyrus, celebrated by Ahura Mazda!!

Waga na wa Saruku! Aruji wa Kanbyusesu‼ Kyurosu no ko Afura Mazuda no yomishitamau mono Perushia ō ni shite shoō no ō‼


カンビュセス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Καμβύσης (Kambúsēs)

My name is Sarc! Servant of Cambyses!! The King of Kings of Persia, son of Cyrus, celebrated by Ahura Mazda!!

わが名はサルク！主はカンビュセス‼キュロスの子アフラ・マズダのよみし給う者ペルシア王にして諸王の王‼

Waga na wa Saruku! Aruji wa Kanbyusesu‼ Kyurosu no ko Afura Mazuda no yomishitamau mono Perushia Ō ni shite Shōō no Ō‼


日本海流

ja-pos

日(に)本(ほん)海(かい)流(りゅう) • (Nihon Kairyū) ^(←にほんかいりう (Nifonkairiu)?)

日本海流 (canonical)
Nihon Kairyū (romanization)
Nifonkairiu (romanization)
にほんかいりう (hiragana historical)

[ɲ̟ihõ̞ŋka̠iɾʲɨː]

(oceanography) synonym of 黒潮: the Kuroshio Current


ネパール語

ネパール語 (canonical)
Nepāru-go (romanization)

[ne̞pa̠ːɾɯ̟ ɡo̞]

From ネパール (Nepāru, “Nepal”) + 語 (-go, “language”).


令和

→ English: Reiwa

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 令和 (Lìnghé)

→ Korean: 레이와 (Reiwa)

→ Vietnamese: Reiwa, Lệnh Hoà, Lệnh Hòa

From the Literary Chinese foreword by Ōtomo no Tabito to poems 815-846 in the fifth book of the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE). Relevant part of the foreword:
:
于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薫珮後之香。（初春の令月にして、気淑く風和らぎ、梅は鏡前の粉を披き、蘭は珮後の香を薫す。）
It was in new spring, in a fair month,
When the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.
Plum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white
And the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.
The Man'yōshū passage alludes in turn to a rhapsody written in 138 CE by the Han polymath and statesman Zhang Heng, titled 歸田賦 /归田赋 (Guītián Fù, “Return to the Field”). Below is the relevant part of the rhapsody with translation by Liu Wu-chi (1990), with slightly different choices of English for the same Chinese words:
:
With reference to both contexts, a general understanding of this kanji compound is thus along the lines of "good harmony", though it should be noted that this sense of "good" of the common character 令 (rei) is otherwise very rare.

quote

Then comes young spring, in a fine month,
When the wind is mild and the air clear.
Plains and swamps are overgrown with verdure
And the hundred grasses become rank and thick.

Return to the Field, by Zhang Heng, 138 CE

Yúshì zhòng chūn lìngyuè, shí hé qì qīng; yuán xí yù mào, bǎicǎo zī róng.

於是仲春令月，時和氣清；原隰鬱茂，百草滋榮。

于是仲春令月，时和气清；原隰郁茂，百草滋荣。

Han dynasty
Iwanami Shoten
Man'yōshū
Reiwa era
Return to the Field
Zhang Heng
ja:令和
Ōtomo no Tabito


クレオパトラ

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Κλεοπάτρα (Kleopátra)

lbor

2002 February 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “LAST(ラスト) PART(パート) サラダデイズは永(えい)遠(えん)に… [Last Part: Forever Salad Days…]”, in SALAD(サラダ) DAYS(デイズ) [Salad Days], volume 18 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, pages 187–188:

A quote from Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra. Cleopatra said that when she was looking back at her past. We have some… "salad days", too, kinda like them.

シェイクスピアのね、「アントニーとクレオパトラ」の中の一節。過去をふり返ってクレオパトラが言う台詞だよ。あの二人は私たちの…〝サラダデイズ〟だわ。

Sheikusupia no ne,“Antonī to Kureopatora” no naka no issetsu. Kako o furikaette Kureopatora ga iu serifu da yo. Ano futari wa watashitachi no…〝sarada deizu〟da wa.

ja:クレオパトラ (曖昧さ回避)
ja:クレオパトラ7世


モンテカルロ

From Italian Monte Carlo (literally “Mount Charles”).


中石器時代

ja-pos

中(ちゅう)石(せっ)器(き)時(じ)代(だい) • (Chūsekki Jidai) ^(←ちゆうせききじだい (Tyuusekikizidai)?)

中石器時代 (canonical)
Chūsekki Jidai (romanization)
Tyuusekikizidai (romanization)
ちゆうせききじだい (hiragana historical)

中 (chū-, “mid-”) + 石器時代 (Sekki Jidai, “Stone Age”)


肥沃な三日月地帯

ja-pos

^ひよく な ^みかづき ^ちたい

肥(ひ)沃(よく)な三(み)日(か)月(づき)地(ち)帯(たい) • (Hiyoku na Mikazuki Chitai)

肥沃な三日月地帯 (canonical)
Hiyoku na Mikazuki Chitai (romanization)

From 肥沃 (hiyoku, “fertile”) + な (na) + 三日月 (mikazuki, “crescent-shaped”) + 地帯 (chitai, “area”).

com

Fertile Crescent
Fertile Crescent#English:_Q170526

(historical) Fertile Crescent (a crescent-shaped geographic region of fertile land in the Middle East in Western Asia, stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey to Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and Palestine)


アッシリア

[a̠ɕːiɾʲia̠]

(historical) Assyria (an ancient Semitic Akkadian kingdom and at times an empire, extant from the mid-23rd century BCE to 608 BCE and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, but at its maximum extent including parts of modern Iran, Syria, Israel, Palestine and Egypt))


プトレマイオス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Πτολεμαῖος (Ptolemaîos)


カヤツリグサ科

カヤツリグサ科 (canonical)
Kayatsurigusaka (romanization)

From 蚊帳吊草 (kayatsurigusa, “lesser rice flat sedge (Cyperus iria)”) + 科 (-ka, “family”).


死者の書

死者の書 (canonical)
Shisha no Sho (romanization)

Calque of German Todtenbuch (modern spelling: Totenbuch), equivalent to 死者 (shisha, “dead person”) + の (no, possessive/attributive particle) + 書 (sho, “book”)


三国志演義

ja-pos

三(さん)国(ごく)志(し)演(えん)義(ぎ) • (Sangokushi Engi)

三国志演義 (canonical)
Sangokushi Engi (romanization)

From Chinese 三國志演義 /三国志演义 (Sānguózhì Yǎnyì).


三国志

三国志 (canonical)
Sangokushi (romanization)

(history) the Records of the Three Kingdoms


スター・ウォーズ

スター・ウォーズ • (Sutā Wōzu)

[sɨ̥ta̠ː β̞o̞ːzɨ]


ハーメルン

ハーメルンの笛吹き男


ミロのヴィーナス

^ミロ の ^ヴィーナス

Calque of French Vénus de Milo, equivalent to ミロ (Miro, “Milo”) + の (no, possessive particle) + ヴィーナス (Vīnasu, “Venus”)


ミロのビーナス

ミロのヴィーナス ミロのヴィーナス#Japanese

alternative form of ミロのヴィーナス (“Venus de Milo”)


メーロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Μῆλος (Mêlos)

lbor

alternative form of ミロス (Mirosu, “Milos (an island of Greece)”)


奥陶紀

ja-pos

奥(おう)陶(とう)紀(き) • (Ōtōki)

On’yomi reading of Chinese word. See 奧陶／奥陶 (Àotáo) for more.

zh-l

奧陶／奥陶 (Àotáo)

オルドビス紀 オルドビス紀#Japanese


釈迦牟尼

釈迦牟尼 (canonical)
Shakamuni (romanization)

[ɕa̠ka̠mɯ̟ɲ̟i]

From Chinese 釋迦牟尼 /释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní), from Sanskrit शाक्यमुनि (śākyamuni).


カリカット

コーリコード コーリコード#Japanese

synonym of コーリコード (Kōrikōdo, “Kozhikode”); Calicut (a city in India)


コーリコード

ja-pos

コーリコード • (Kōrikōdo)


アレキサンダー

アレクサンダー アレクサンダー#Japanese

alternative form of アレクサンダー (Arekusandā, “Alexander”)


アレクサンドロス大王

アレクサンドロス だいおう

アレクサンドロス大(だい)王(おう) • (Arekusandorosu Daiō)

アレクサンドロス大王 (canonical)
Arekusandorosu Daiō (romanization)

From アレクサンドロス (Arekusandorosu, “Alexander”) + 大王 (daiō, “great king”).

af

ja:アレクサンドロス3世


アレクサンダー大王

ja-pos

アレクサンダー だいおう

アレクサンダー大王 (canonical)
Arekusandā Daiō (romanization)

Calque of English Alexander the Great, equivalent to アレクサンダー (Arekusandā, “Alexander”) + 大王 (daiō, “great king”)

af

アレクサンドロス大王 アレクサンドロス大王#Japanese

alternative form of アレクサンドロス大王 (Arekusandorosu Daiō, “Alexander the Great”)


アレクサンドロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros). Doublet of アレクサンダー (Arekusandā).


ビザンツ

ビュザンティオン ビュザンティオン#Japanese

alternative form of ビュザンティオン (Byuzantion, “Byzantium”)


ビザンティウム

Learned borrowing from Latin Bȳzantium, from Ancient Greek Βυζάντιον (Buzántion).

ビュザンティオン ビュザンティオン#Japanese


ビザンチウム

ビュザンティオン ビュザンティオン#Japanese


ビザンティン帝国

ビザンティン帝国 (canonical)
Bizantin Teikoku (romanization)

Calque of English Byzantine Empire, equivalent to ビザンティン (Bizantin, “Byzantine”) + 帝国 (teikoku, “empire”)

af

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English:_Q12544

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

(historical) Byzantine Empire (an ancient Greek empire in Southeastern Europe and Western Asia, with its capital at Constantinople)


ビザンチン帝国

ビザンチン帝国 (canonical)
Bizanchin Teikoku (romanization)

ビザンティン帝国 ビザンティン帝国#Japanese

alternative form of ビザンティン帝国 (Bizantin Teikoku, “Byzantine Empire”)


ホーチミン市

ja-pos

^ホー ^チ ^ミン-し

ホーチミン市 (canonical)
Hō Chi Min-shi (romanization)

Calque of Vietnamese Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, equivalent to ホーチミン (Hō Chi Min, “Ho Chi Minh”) + 市 (-shi, “city”)

suf

Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City#English


やまのうえ

English: Yamanoue


フローレンス

From English Florence. Doublet of フィレンツェ (Firentse).


タスマン海

タスマン海 (canonical)
Tasuman-kai (romanization)

Calque of English Tasman Sea, equivalent to タスマン (Tasuman, “Tasman”) + 海 (-kai, “sea”)


ロドス

ja:ロドス ja:ロドス島

Rhodes (an island of the Dodecanese, Greece, in the Aegean Sea)

a city on the island of Rhodes, Greece, and the capital of the Dodecanese


カリグラ

[ka̠ɾʲiɡɯ̟ɾa̠]


阿緱

ja-pos

阿(あ)緱(こう) or 阿緱(アコウ) • (Akō)

阿緱 (canonical)
阿緱 (canonical)
Akō (romanization)

Homophonous replacement for 阿猴 (あこう, Akō) in 1903.

ja-l/helper

阿猴 (あこう, Akō)

ja-l

阿猴 (あこう, Akō)

(historical) Akō (a subprefecture in Takao prefecture, Taiwan under Japanese rule)


補陀落

[ɸɯ̟da̠ɾa̠kɯ̟]

der

Chinese 補陀洛伽 /补陀洛伽


普陀落

alternative spelling of 補陀落 (“Potalaka”)


古朝鮮

[ko̞t͡ɕo̞ːsẽ̞ɴ]

(historical) Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom)


ペテロ

alternative form of ペトロ (Petoro, “Peter (the Apostle)”)


カール大帝

カール大帝 (canonical)
Kāru Taitei (romanization)

Calque of German Karl der Große, equivalent to カール (Kāru, “Carl; Karl; Charles”) + 大帝 (taitei, “great emperor”)

af

(history) Charlemagne; Charles the Great


文部科学省

ja-pos

^もんぶ-かがく-しょう

文(もん)部(ぶ)科(か)学(がく)省(しょう) • (Monbu-kagaku-shō)

文部科学省 (canonical)
Monbu-kagaku-shō (romanization)

[mõ̞mbɯ̟ka̠ɡa̠kɯ̟ɕo̞ː]

Blend of 文部省 (Monbu-shō, “Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture”) + 科学技術庁 (Kagaku-gijitsu-chō, “Science and Technology Agency”), the two government entities that merged in 2001.

blend

(government) the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology

文部科学大臣

Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

文部科学白書

annual white paper report from said ministry


アルカイダ

アルカーイダ アルカーイダ#Japanese

alternative form of アルカーイダ (aru-Kāida, “al-Qaeda”)


アル・カーイダ

アルカーイダ アルカーイダ#Japanese

alternative spelling of アルカーイダ (“al-Qaeda”)


アル゠カーイダ

アルカーイダ アルカーイダ#Japanese


かかし

/kaɡaɕi/ → /kakaɕi/
Thought to be a shift from 嗅がし (kagashi, “smelling, sniffing”), itself from 嗅が (kaga, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of verb 嗅ぐ (kagu), “to smell, sniff”) + し (-shi, adjectival suffix).


ビークル

short for ビート・クルセイダース (Bīto Kuruseidāsu, “Beat Crusaders”)


バハマ国

バハマ国 (canonical)
Bahama-koku (romanization)

From バハマ (Bahama, “Bahamas”) + 国 (-koku, “country”).

suf

Commonwealth of The Bahamas#English:_Q778

Commonwealth of The Bahamas (official name of the Bahamas: an island country in the Caribbean)


雪の女王

ja-pos

^ゆき の ^じょ.おう

雪の女王 (canonical)
Yuki no Joō (romanization)

From 雪 (yuki, “snow”) + の (no, attributive/possessive particle) + 女王 (joō, “queen regnant”).


ミルウォーキー

ja-pos

ミルウォーキー • (Miruwōkī)


国家社会主義

ja-noun

こっか しゃかい しゅぎ

国(こっ)家(か)社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (kokka shakai shugi) ^(←こくかしやくわいしゆぎ (kokukasyakwaisyugi)?)

国家社会主義 (canonical)
kokka shakai shugi (romanization)
kokukasyakwaisyugi (romanization)
こくかしやくわいしゆぎ (hiragana historical)

From 国家 (kokka, “state”) + 社会主義 (shakai shugi, “socialism”).


国家社会主義

ja-pos

こっか しゃかい しゅぎ

国(こっ)家(か)社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (Kokka Shakai Shugi) ^(←こくかしやくわいしゆぎ (Kokukasyakwaisyugi)?)

国家社会主義 (canonical)
Kokka Shakai Shugi (romanization)
Kokukasyakwaisyugi (romanization)
こくかしやくわいしゆぎ (hiragana historical)


国家社会主義

こっか しゃかい しゅぎ

Calque of German Nationalsozialismus, equivalent to 国家 (kokka, “nation”) + 社会主義 (shakai shugi, “socialism”).

af

synonym of ナチズム (Nachizumu, “Nazism”); National Socialism


国民社会主義

ja-pos

こくみん しゃかい しゅぎ

こくみんしやくわいしゆぎ

国(こく)民(みん)社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (Kokumin Shakai Shugi) ^(←こくみんしやくわいしゆぎ (Kokuminsyakwaisyugi)?)

国民社会主義 (canonical)
Kokumin Shakai Shugi (romanization)
Kokuminsyakwaisyugi (romanization)
こくみんしやくわいしゆぎ (hiragana historical)

Calque of German Nationalsozialismus, equivalent to 国(こく)民(みん) (kokumin, “nationals”) + 社(しゃ)会(かい)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (shakai shugi, “socialism”).


ビュルテンベルク

ヴュルテンベルク ヴュルテンベルク#Japanese

alternative form of ヴュルテンベルク (Vyurutenberuku, “Württemberg”)


大洋州

Coined by Fukuzawa Yukichi in 1869 in his Sekai Kunizukushi, from a compound of 大(たい) (tai, “big, large”) + 洋(よう) (yō, “ocean”) + 州(しゅう) (shū, “continent”). 州 is a daiyōji replacing 洲.

ja-com

Oceania (a continent or continental region composed of Australia, New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia)


シンドバッド

From English Sindbad, from Arabic سِنْدِبَاد (sindibād).


アリババ

From English Ali Baba, from Arabic عَلِيّ بَابَا (ʕaliyy bābā).

bor

عَلِيّ بَابَا

Arabic عَلِيّ بَابَا (ʕaliyy bābā)

アリババと四十人の盗賊


エデン

エデンの園

1995 June 1 [1993 April 17], Yōzaburō Kanari with Fumiya Satō, “異(い)人(じん)館(かん)村(むら)殺(さつ)人(じん)事(じ)件(けん)⑪(じゅういち) [The Western-Style Village Murder Case #11]”, in 金(きん)田(だ)一(いち)少(しょう)年(ねん)の事(じ)件(けん)簿(ぼ) [The Kindaichi Case Files], 14th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:

The Apple of Eden started to burn — along with greed, hatred and sorrow. Everything was engulfed in the red flames.

禁断の果実が燃えてゆく——欲望も憎悪も悲しみも すべてが赤い炎につつまれて‥‥

Eden no Ringo ga moete yuku—— Yokubō mo zōo mo kanashimi mo Subete ga akai honō ni tsutsumarete‥‥


エデンの園

From エデン (“Eden”) + の (no, attributive particle) + 園 (sono, “garden”).


アントニウス

アントニオス アントニオス#Japanese

alternative form of アントニオス (Antoniosu, “Anthony”)


アウシュヴィッツ

ja:アウシュヴィッツ＝ビルケナウ強制収容所


アウシュビッツ

アウシュヴィッツ アウシュヴィッツ#Japanese

alternative form of アウシュヴィッツ (Aushuvittsu, “Auschwitz”)


内モンゴル

内モンゴル (canonical)
Uchi Mongoru (romanization)

[ɯ̟t͡ɕi mõ̞ŋɡo̞ɾɯ̟]

Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia#English:_Q41079

Inner Mongolia (a Mongolian autonomous region of China)


内モンゴル

内モンゴル (canonical)
Nai Mongoru (romanization)

[na̠i mõ̞ŋɡo̞ɾɯ̟]


アフラ・マズダ

アフラ・マズダー アフラ・マズダー#Japanese

alternative form of アフラ・マズダー (Afura Mazudā, “Ahura Mazda”)


八雲

八雲町: Yakumo (a town in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


是枝

Based on the spelling and the pronunciation, apparently a compound of これ (kore, “this”, nominal) + 枝 (eda, “branch”).


天橋立

天橋立 (canonical)
Amanohashidate (romanization)

Literally the “bridge standing towards heaven”.

大江山いく野の道の遠ければまだふみも見ず天の橋立

Ōe-yama Ikuno no michi no tōkereba mada fumi mo mizu Amanohashidate

Far away from Mount Ōe and the road of Ikuno (literally “go-field”), I have neither gone there nor seen any of her letters[―she might be in] the standing bridge of Heaven [Amanohashidate].

a sandbar in northern Kyoto overlooking the Sea of Japan


オルドス

[o̞ɾɯ̟do̞sɨ]

Ordos, a region in China enclosed by the Huang He to the north and the Great Wall to the south


バーロ

ja-pos

バーロ • (Bāro)

Barro (a municipality of Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain)


広西

広(こう)西(せい) • (Kōsei) ^(←くわうせい (Kwausei)?)

広西 (canonical)
Kōsei (romanization)
Kwausei (romanization)
くわうせい (hiragana historical)

Guangxi (a Zhuang autonomous region of China)


眠り姫

眠り姫 (canonical)
Nemurihime (romanization)


シンデレラ

[ɕĩnde̞ɾe̞ɾa̠]


まきばしら

真木柱, 槙柱: thirty-first chapter of The Tale of Genji


ネーデルランド

[ne̞ːde̞ɾɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

Netherlands (the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


蘭国

[ɾã̠ŋko̞kɯ̟]

Abbreviation of 阿蘭陀 (Oranda) + 国(こく) (koku, “country”).

Holland (a traditional region of the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland)

Holland, the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe)


難波津の歌

難(なに)波(わ)津(づ)の歌(うた) • (Naniwa-zu no uta) ^(←なにはづのうた (Nanifa-du no uta)?)

難波津の歌 (canonical)
Naniwa-zu no uta (romanization)
Nanifa-du no uta (romanization)
なにはづのうた (hiragana historical)

Literally “the poem of Naniwa Bay”, where Naniwa is an older name for present-day Osaka.

難波津に咲くやこの花冬籠もり今は春べと咲くやこの花

Naniwa-zu ni saku ya konohana fuyugomori ima wa harube to sakuya kono hana

Flowers are blooming [out of] hibernation at Naniwa Bay. Now it is around springtime, the flowers are in bloom!

the poem traditionally attributed to Wani in the Kokin Wakashū kana preface:


弘法大師

弘(こう)法(ぼう)大(だい)師(し) • (Kōbō Daishi) ^(←こうぼふだいし (Koubofudaisi)?)

弘法大師 (canonical)
Kōbō Daishi (romanization)
Koubofudaisi (romanization)
こうぼふだいし (hiragana historical)

From 弘法 (kōbō, also read guhō, “propagation of Buddhist teachings”) + 大師 (daishi, “great master”).

com

the posthumous name of 空海 (Kūkai), founder of the esoteric Shingon sect of Buddhism


セントクリストファー

ja:セントクリストファー島


クリストフォロス

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Χριστόφορος (Khristóphoros)


セントキッツ

セントクリストファー セントクリストファー#Japanese

synonym of セントクリストファー (Sento Kurisutofā, “Saint Christopher”); Saint Kitts


ネイビス

From English Nevis, from Spanish nieves (literally “snows”).


セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦

ja-pos

セント クリストファー・ネイビス れんぽう

セントクリストファー・ネイビス連(れん)邦(ぽう) • (Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu Renpō)

セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦 (canonical)
Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu Renpō (romanization)

Calque of English Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, equivalent to セントクリストファー・ネイビス (Sento Kurisutofā Neibisu, “Saint Christopher and Nevis”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”)

af

セントクリストファー・ネイビス

Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis#English:_Q763

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis (official name of Saint Kitts and Nevis: an island country in the Caribbean)


セントキッツ・ネイビス連邦

ja-pos

セント キッツ・ネイビス れんぽう

セントキッツ・ネイビス連(れん)邦(ぽう) • (Sento Kittsu Neibisu Renpō)

セントキッツ・ネイビス連邦 (canonical)
Sento Kittsu Neibisu Renpō (romanization)

Calque of English Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, equivalent to セントキッツ・ネイビス (Sento Kittsu Neibisu, “Saint Kitts and Nevis”) + 連邦 (renpō, “federation”)

af

セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦 セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦#Japanese

synonym of セントクリストファー・ネイビス連邦: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis (official name of Saint Kitts and Nevis: an island country in the Caribbean)


はかた

博多: Hakata (a region of Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan)


サルデーニャ

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


プッリャ

[pɯ̟ɾ̚ʲɾʲa̠]

administrative region
administrative region

Apulia (a peninsula and administrative region in southern Italy)


ガンビア共和国

ja-pos

ガンビア共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Ganbia Kyōwakoku)

ガンビア共和国 (canonical)
Ganbia Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From ガンビア (Ganbia, “Gambia”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Republic of The Gambia
Republic of The Gambia


コモロ連合

コモロ連合 (canonical)
Komoro Rengō (romanization)

From コモロ (Komoro, “Comoros”) + 連合 (rengō, “union”).

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros


バングラデシュ人民共和国

ja-pos

バングラデシュ じんみん きょうわこく

バングラデシュ人(じん)民(みん)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Banguradeshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku)

バングラデシュ人民共和国 (canonical)
Banguradeshu Jinmin Kyōwakoku (romanization)

From バングラデシュ (Banguradeshu, “Bangladesh”) + 人民共和国 (kyōwakoku, “people's republic”).

af

People's Republic of Bangladesh
People's Republic of Bangladesh


ギリシャ共和国

ja-pos

ギリシャ共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく) • (Girisha Kyōwakoku)

ギリシャ共和国 (canonical)
Girisha Kyōwakoku (romanization)

[ɡʲiɾʲiɕa̠ kʲo̞ːβ̞a̠ko̞kɯ̟]

From ギリシャ (Girisha, “Greece”) + 共和国 (kyōwakoku, “republic”).

af

Hellenic Republic
Hellenic Republic#English:_Q41

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Hellenic Republic (official name of Greece: a country in Southeast Europe)


逢坂の関

ja-pos

逢(おう)坂(さか)の関(せき) • (Ōsaka-no-seki) ^(←あふさかのせき (Afusaka-no-seki)?)

逢坂の関 (canonical)
Ōsaka-no-seki (romanization)
Afusaka-no-seki (romanization)
あふさかのせき (hiragana historical)

逢坂 (Ōsaka) refers to 逢坂山 (Ōsaka-yama), a mountain bordering Otsu and Kyoto.

これやこの行くも帰るも別れつつ知るも知らぬも逢坂の関

kore ya kono yuku mo kaeru mo wakaretsutsu shiru mo shiranu mo Ōsaka-no-seki

This and here, whether they leave or return as they separate, knowing or not the hill of meeting (i.e. the Barrier of Ausaka).

(historical) a mountain checkpoint west of Kyoto, bordering the ancient provinces of Yamashiro and Omi


山越

[sã̠ɰ̃e̞t͡sɨ]

Shanyue (an ancient conglomeration of upland Yue hill tribes living in what is today the mountainous regions of Southern China and Northern Vietnam during the Han dynasty)


ガンジス

[ɡã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑisɨ]

ガンジス川


鎌倉山

鎌倉山 (canonical)
Kamakura-yama (romanization)

From 鎌倉 (Kamakura, a city in Kanagawa Prefecture) + 山 (-yama, “mountain”).

suffix

the hilly area west of Kamakura; sometimes referring to the vicinity of Tsurugaoka Hachimangū Shrine


愛國歌

Kyūjitai form of 愛国歌 (“Aegukka, the North Korean national anthem”)

愛国歌

Kyūjitai form of 愛国歌 (“Aegukga, the South Korean national anthem”)


愛国歌

Aegukka, the North Korean national anthem.

Aegukga, the South Korean national anthem.


延辺

autonomous prefecture
autonomous prefecture

Yanbian (a Korean autonomous prefecture of Jilin, China)


諳厄利亜

[ã̠ŋɡe̞ɾʲia̠]

『諳厄利亜語林大成』

(obsolete) England (a country in Europe)


新撰万葉集

ja-pos

しんせん まんようしゅう

新(しん)撰(せん)万(まん)葉(よう)集(しゅう) • (Shinsen Man'yōshū) ^(←しんせんまんえふしふ (Sinsenman'efusifu)?)

新撰万葉集 (canonical)
Shinsen Man'yōshū (romanization)
Sinsenman'efusifu (romanization)
しんせんまんえふしふ (hiragana historical)

From 新撰 (shinsen, “new compilation/selection”) + 万葉集 (Man'yōshū, oldest anthology of poems compiled in c. 759 CE).

com

oldest anthology of poems compiled in c. 759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>

私撰和歌集 私撰和歌集#Japanese

a 私撰和歌集 (shisen wakashū, “privately-compiled anthology of poems”) in two volumes, thought to be compiled by Sugawara no Michizane around 893–913 CE, with the poems completely written in 万葉仮名 (man'yōgana)


菅家万葉集

ja-pos

菅(かん)家(け)万(まん)葉(よう)集(しゅう) • (Kanke Man'yōshū) ^(←くわんけまんえふしふ (Kwankeman'efusifu)?)

菅家万葉集 (canonical)
Kanke Man'yōshū (romanization)
Kwankeman'efusifu (romanization)
くわんけまんえふしふ (hiragana historical)

From 菅家(かんけ) (Kanke, nickname of Sugawara no Michizane, its purported compiler) + 万葉集(まんようしゅう) (Man'yōshū, oldest anthology of poems compiled in c. 759 CE).

ja-compound

新撰万葉集 新撰万葉集#Japanese

私撰和歌集 私撰和歌集#Japanese

synonym of 新撰万葉集 (Shinsen Man'yōshū): a 私撰和歌集 (shisen wakashū, “privately-compiled waka anthology”) in two volumes in which the poems are completely written in 万葉仮名 (man'yōgana)


ニセコ

short for ニセコ町 (Niseko-chō): a town in Shiribeshi Subprefecture in Hokkaido


繁太郎

繁太郎 (canonical)
Shigetarō (romanization)


仁和

仁和 (canonical)
Ninna (romanization)
Nin'wa (romanization)
にんわ (hiragana historical)

The wa changes to na as an instance of renjō (連声).


耽羅

(historical) Tamna (ancient Korean kingdom who ruled Jeju Island)


カールスタード

ja-pos

カールスタード • (Kārusutādo)


イェリヴァーレ

イェリヴァーレ • (Yerivāre)


シー・アイ・エー

シー・アイ・エー • (Shī Ai Ē)


源氏物語

源(げん)氏(じ)物(もの)語(がたり) • (Genji Monogatari)

源氏物語 (canonical)
Genji Monogatari (romanization)

Chinese: 源氏物語 /源氏物语 (Yuánshì Wùyǔ)

From 源氏 (Genji, short for 光源氏 (Hikaru Genji), its titular protagonist) + 物語 (monogatari, “story, tale”).

com

short for <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">光源氏</i> (Hikaru Genji), its titular protagonist

The Tale of Genji (novel by Murasaki Shikibu)


ヤクルト

→ English: Yakult

[ja̠kɯ̟ɾɯ̟to̞]

brand name for a dairy probiotic drink mixed with the Shirota strain of Lactobacillus casei


大上

ja-pos

大(おお)上(うえ) or 大(おお)上(かみ) or 大(おお)上(がみ) or 大(だい)上(じょう) • (Ōue or Ōkami or Ōgami or Daijō)

大上 (canonical)
Ōkami (romanization)
大上 (canonical)
Ōgami (romanization)
大上 (canonical)
大上 (canonical)
大上 (canonical)
大上 (canonical)
Ōue (romanization)
Ōkami (romanization)
Ōgami (romanization)
Daijō (romanization)

a place in Aizubange, Kawanuma district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

a place in Mutsuzawa, Chōsei district, Chiba Prefecture, Japan

a place in Ayase, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

a place in Sasayama, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan


ちさと

千里, 知里, 千聖, 千智, 千紗都, 千郷, 智彩都, 茅智: a female given name


進軍歌

進軍歌 (canonical)
Shingunka (romanization)

[ɕĩŋɡɯ̟̃ŋka̠]

Tiến quân ca, the Vietnamese national anthem.


ルナール

[ɾɯ̟na̠ːɾɯ̟]

A transliteration of the French surname Renard


会津坂下

会津坂下 (canonical)
Aizubange (romanization)

a town in Kawanuma district, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan


汐留

Shiodome (an area of Minato special ward, Tokyo, Japan)


ノルウェイ

[no̞ɾɯ̟β̞e̞ː]

ノルウェー ノルウェー#Japanese

alternative spelling of ノルウェー (“Norway”)


大藤

大(おお)藤(ふじ) or 大(おお)藤(どう) • (Ōfuji or Ōdō)

大藤 (canonical)
大藤 (canonical)
Ōfuji (romanization)
Ōdō (romanization)


𫁈

𫁈 (canonical)
Aka (romanization)
あか (hiragana historical)


𫁈

𫁈 (canonical)
Aoki (romanization)
Awoki (romanization)
あをき (hiragana historical)


ねぶた

Likely from the stem of adjective 眠たい (nebutai, “sleepy, drowsy”).

short for ねぶた祭 (Nebuta Matsuri) a festival held on early August in Aomori city, known for its illuminated kabuki parade floats


京アニ

→ English: KyoAni

⇒ Mandarin: 京阿尼 (Jīng Āní)

アニメーション アニメーション#Japanese

clipping of 京都アニメーション (Kyōto Animēshon): Kyoto Animation, a Japanese animation studio


バステト

(Egyptian mythology) Bastet - the ancient Egyptian goddess of cosmetics, cats, love, etc.


セクメト

(Egyptian mythology) Sekhmet - the ancient Egyptian goddess of illness.


ハトホル

(Egyptian mythology) Hathor - the ancient Egyptian goddess of love, beauty, music, etc.


シュー

(Egyptian mythology) Shu (the ancient Egyptian god of peace, air and wind)


テフヌト

(Egyptian mythology) Tefnut - the ancient Egyptian goddess of moisture, dew and rain


イヒ

(Egyptian mythology) Ihy - the ancient Egyptian god of joy


セベク

(Egyptian mythology) Sobek; the ancient Egyptian god of fertility


アメン

(Egyptian mythology) Amun - the ancient Egyptian god of hidden things


アトゥム

(Egyptian mythology) Atum - ancient Egyptian god


ホルス

From Late Latin Hōrus, from Ancient Greek Ὧρος (Hôros), from Egyptian ḥr.


ホルス

From Old East Slavic Хърсъ (Xŭrsŭ), from Proto-Slavic *Xъrsъ.


貉越

[ɾa̠kɯ̟e̞t͡sɨ]

(historical) Luoyue (an ancient conglomeration of Yue tribes)


日の本

Literally “the sun's origin”, i.e. sunrise.

日の本の国 日の本の国#Japanese

Land of the Rising Sun
Land of the Rising Sun

short for 日の本の国 (Hinomoto-no-kuni): the Land of the Rising Sun, Japan


日の本の国

日の本の国 (canonical)
Hinomoto-no-kuni (romanization)

Literally “the originating land of the sun”. Coined during correspondence between Japan and the Sui Dynasty of China, referring to Japan's eastward position relative to China.

(poetic, dated) the Land of the Rising Sun, Japan


一関

一関 (canonical)
Ichinoseki (romanization)

Ichinoseki (a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan)


千羽鶴

千羽鶴 (canonical)
Senbazuru (romanization)

[sẽ̞mba̠zɨɾɯ̟]

From 千 (sen, “one thousand”) + 羽 (-ba, counter for birds) + 鶴 (tsuru, “crane”).
The tsuru changes to zuru as an instance of rendaku (連濁).


一伸

ja-pos

一(いっ)伸(しん) or 一(かず)伸(のぶ) • (Isshin or Kazunobu)

一伸 (canonical)
一伸 (canonical)
Isshin (romanization)
Kazunobu (romanization)


判官

/hanɡan/ → /hauɡan/ → /hɔːɡan/ → /hoːɡan/.
The proper noun sense is from the fact that Minamoto no Yoshitsune was a 尉(じょう) (jō, see 判官(じょう) (jō)) at a 検(け)非(び)違(い)使(し) (kebiishi, “judicial department”).

ja-r

判官(じょう) (jō)

源義経 w:ja:源義経


蘇民将来

蘇民将来 (canonical)
Somin Shōrai (romanization)

[so̞mʲĩɰ̃ɕo̞ːɾa̠i]

(Japanese mythology) the name of a poor man who hosted a god in disguise. For this deed his descendants received a charm against pestilence


上野国

ja-pos

上野国(こうずけのくに) • (Kōzuke no Kuni) ^(←かうづけのくに (Kaudukenokuni)?)

上野国 (canonical)
Kōzuke no Kuni (romanization)
Kaudukenokuni (romanization)
かうづけのくに (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese 上毛野 (Kami tsu Keno, literally “Upper Keno”), in turn from 上 (kami, “upper”) + つ (ancient possessive particle) + 毛野 (Keno, old name for a region corresponding to modern Gunma Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture combined), where 毛野 (Keno, literally “hairy field”) was ateji for 食野 (Keno, literally “food field”) in reference to an imperial agricultural area. Over time, the final no in Kami tsu Keno was reanalyzed as the の (no) possessive particle and was omitted from the name, producing Kamitsuke. The mi then nasalized and caused the tsu to become voiced, producing Kaũdzuke, and then the -au- underwent a regular vowel shift to become -ō-.

inh

Kōzuke Province, corresponding to modern Gunma Prefecture

Daijirin
Gunma Prefecture
Kōzuke Province
Tochigi Prefecture


月天子

ja-pos

月(がっ)天(てん)子(し) • (Gattenshi) ^(←ぐわつてんし (Gwatutensi)?)

月天子 (canonical)
Gattenshi (romanization)
Gwatutensi (romanization)
ぐわつてんし (hiragana historical)

[ɡa̠t̚tẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi]


gattenshi

gattenshi (canonical)
Gattenshi (alternative)


Gattenshi

Gattenshi (canonical)
Gattenshi (alternative)


観自在菩薩

観(かん)自(じ)在(ざい)菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) • (Kanjizai Bosatsu)

観自在菩薩 (canonical)
Kanjizai Bosatsu (romanization)

From 観自在 (kanjizai, literally, “observer of self at rest” or “lord of perception”) + 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”).

com

観自在菩薩。行深般若波羅蜜多時。照見五蘊皆空。度一切苦厄...
Kanjizai Bosatsu, gyō jin hannya haramitta ji, shōken goun kai kū, do issai kuyaku...
When the Perceiving Lord (Avalokiteśvara) bodhisattva went into the state of the perfection of wisdom (prajñāpāramitā), the five aggregates stood empty, transcending all suffering.

7th century CE, Shorter Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdaya Sutra (translation by Xuanzang)

観世音菩薩 観世音菩薩#Japanese

観世音菩薩

(Buddhism) synonym of 観世音菩薩 (Kanzeon Bosatsu): Avalokiteshvara bodhisattva


日向国

ja-pos

日向国(ひゅうがのくに) • (Hyūganokuni) ^(←ひうがのくに (Fiuganokuni)?)

日向国 (canonical)
Hyūganokuni (romanization)
Fiuganokuni (romanization)
ひうがのくに (hiragana historical)

[çɨːɡa̠ no̞ kɯ̟ɲ̟i]

Compound of 日向 (Hyūga, province name, literally “sun-facing”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 国 (kuni, “country, land; province (prior to the Meiji period)”).

compound

Hyūga Province, corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture


弁財天

弁財天 (canonical)
Benzaiten (romanization)

alternative form of 弁才天, Benzaiten (Japanese name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati)


耶蘇教

ja-pos

耶(や)蘇(そ)教(きょう) or 耶蘇教(ヤソきょう) • (Yaso-kyō) ^(←やそけう (Yasokeu)?)

耶蘇教 (canonical)
耶蘇教 (canonical)
Yaso-kyō (romanization)
Yasokeu (romanization)
やそけう (hiragana historical)

From 耶蘇 (Yaso, “Jesus”) + 教 (-kyō, “religion”).

suffix

キリスト教 キリスト教#Japanese

(rare) synonym of キリスト教 (Kirisuto-kyō): Christianity


観世音菩薩

ja-pos

^くわんぜおん ^ぼさつ

観(かん)世(ぜ)音(おん)菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) • (Kanzeon Bosatsu) ^(←くわんぜおんぼさつ (Kwanzeon Bosatu)?)

観世音菩薩 (canonical)
Kanzeon Bosatsu (romanization)
Kwanzeon Bosatu (romanization)
くわんぜおんぼさつ (hiragana historical)

From 観世音 (Kanzeon, literally “perceiver of the world's sounds”) + 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”).

com

妙法蓮華経観世音菩薩普門品第二十五

Myōhō Renge Kyō Kanzeon Bosatsu Fumonbon Dai-nijūgo

Lotus Sutra chapter 25: the Universal Gate of Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva

(Buddhism) Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion


瑶池

瑶池 (canonical)
Yōchi (romanization)
Euti (romanization)
えうち (hiragana historical)

(Chinese religion, Chinese mythology) Jade Pond; Gem Pond (a mythical location in the Kunlun Mountains associated with the Queen Mother of the West)


ウラル

From transliteration of Russian Ура́л (Urál), most likely from either Bashkir үр (ür, “elevation; upland”) or Mansi (Northern Mansi ур ала (ur ala, “mountain peak”)).


芳治

ja-pos

芳(よし)治(はる) or 芳(よし)治(じ) • (Yoshiharu or Yoshiji)

芳治 (canonical)
芳治 (canonical)
Yoshiharu (romanization)
Yoshiji (romanization)


菅家

菅家 (canonical)
Kanke (romanization)
Kwanke (romanization)
くわんけ (hiragana historical)

/kwan ke/ → /kʷaŋke/ → /kaŋke/
Literally “the family lineage of the 菅原 (Sugawara) clan”.
The proper noun sense is homonymous with 官家 (kanke, “governor”), as Sugawara no Michizane was appointed governor of 讃岐 (Sanuki) province.

このたびは幣もとりあへずたむけ山紅葉の錦神のまにまに

c. early- to mid-13th century, Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (poem 24 by Kanke)

At this time (or journey), I bring no streamers to the gods of the offering mountain but this brocade of autumn leaves.

kono tabi wa nusa mo toriaezu tamuke-yama momiji no nishiki kami no manimani

Sugawara no Michizane
w:Sugawara no Michizane

Nickname of 菅原道真 (Sugawara no Michizane): Heian-period poet and politician


道幸

Appears to be a compound of 道 (michi, “road”) + 行き (yuki, “going”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 行く (yuku, “to go”)). The use of 幸 for the yuki portion appears to be an instance of ateji.


吉祥天

吉祥天 (canonical)
Kichijōten (romanization)

[kʲit͡ɕiʑo̞ːtẽ̞ɴ]

Daijirin Daijisen Kisshōten ja:吉祥天 ja:松村明

From Middle Chinese 吉祥天 (MC kjit zjang then), possibly as a shortening of 吉祥天女 (MC kjit zjang then nrjoX), a translation of Sanskrit श्रीमहादेवी (śrīmahādevī, literally “great goddess of wealth and prosperity”).
Analyzable as a compound of 吉祥 (kichijō, “auspicious sign, good omen”) + 天 (ten, “heavens”).

compound

(Buddhism, Hinduism) the Japanese Buddhist depiction of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth and prosperity


吉祥天

吉祥天 (canonical)
Kisshōten (romanization)

[kʲiɕːo̞ːtẽ̞ɴ]

Compound of 吉祥 (kisshō, “auspicious sign, good omen”) + 天 (ten, “heavens”).


雷門

雷門 (canonical)
Kaminarimon (romanization)

Shortened from 風雷神門 (Fūraijinmon, literally “Gate of the Wind and Thunder Gods”), as seen on the back of the giant lantern.

the outer entrance gate of 浅草寺 (Sensō-ji) in Asakusa district, Tokyo

a placename in 台東 (Taitō) Ward, Tokyo just south of the Kaminarimon gate


朧月夜

朧月夜 (canonical)
Oborozukiyo (romanization)

Compound of 朧月 (oborozuki, “hazy moon”) + 夜 (yo, literary form of yoru, “night”).
Alternatively, compound of 朧 (oboro, “haziness”) + 月夜 (tsukiyo, “moonlit night”). The tsukiyo changes to zukiyo as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

com

菜の花畑に入り日薄れ 見わたす山の端霞ふかし 春風そよ吹く空を見れば 夕月かかりて匂ひ淡し

nanohana-batake ni irihi usure, miwatasu yama no ha kasumi fukashi, harukaze soyofuku sora o mireba, yūzuki kakarite nioi awashi

a 1914 唱歌 (shōka, “song produced for school”), with lyrics by Tatsuyuki Takano and composed by Teiichi Okano:

朧月夜の尚侍 朧月夜の尚侍#Japanese

short for 朧月夜の尚侍 (Oborozukiyo no Naishi-no-kami): the younger sister of Lady Kokiden and daughter of the minister of the right in the The Tale of Genji


朧月夜

朧月夜 (canonical)
Oborozukuyo (romanization)

Compound of 朧 (oboro, “haziness”) + Old Japanese-derived 月夜 (tukuyo₁ → tsukuyo, “moonlit night”).
The tsukuyo changes to zukuyo as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

朧月夜の尚侍 朧月夜の尚侍#Japanese

short for 朧月夜の尚侍 (Oborozukuyo no Naishi-no-kami): the younger sister of Lady Kokiden and daughter of the minister of the right in the The Tale of Genji


天香具山

天香具山 (canonical)
Ama no Kaguyama (romanization)

From Old Japanese 天香具山 (Ame₂ no₂ Kaguyama), using the bound apophonic form 天 (ama, “heaven”) in place of ame.

(Japanese mythology) the fabled mountain at the 高天原 (takama no hara, “heavens”)

a mountain located on Kashihara, Nara Prefecture; along with 畝傍山 (Unebi-yama) and 耳成山 (Miminashi-yama) they are collectively called the 大和三山 (Yamato Sanzan, “Three Famous Mountains of Yamato Province”)


愛新覚羅

愛新覚羅 (canonical)
Aishinkakura (romanization)

[a̠iɕĩŋka̠kɯ̟ɾa̠]

From Chinese 愛新覺羅 /爱新觉罗 (Àixīnjuéluó). Ultimately from Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (aisin gioro), the “gold” family (Aisin) of the Yilan (Gioro) clan of the Jianzhou Jurchens.

(historical) Aisin Gioro, the Manchu family which established and ruled China's Qing dynasty.


サンピドロ

(dated) San Pedro (a community in Los Angeles, California, United States)


ワッソンビル

(dated) Watsonville (a city in Santa Cruz, California, United States)


帝国平原

帝国平原 (canonical)
Teikoku Heigen (romanization)

1921 May 4, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 7714, page 4:

インデオよりエプリカツト本日出荷あり明日帝國平原ブローレーより二クレーツ出荷ある筈なるが最初當地に傳はりし情報にてはブローレー出荷が月曜日にあるべき豫定なりしが之れが遲れて遂にインデオに機先を制せられたる譯なり

Indeo yori Epurikatto honjitsu shukka ari myōnichi Teikoku Heigen Burōrē yori ni-kurētsu shukka aru hazu naru ga saisho tōchi ni tsutawarishi jōhō nite wa Burōrē shukka ga getsuyōbi ni aru beki yotei narishi ga kore ga okurete tsui ni Indeo ni kisen o seiseraretaru wake nari

(dated) Imperial Valley (a valley in California, United States)


サンオーキン

ja-pos

サンオーキン • (San Ōkin)

(dated) San Joaquin (a city in Fresno, California, United States)


のぶはる

[no̞bɯ̟ha̠ɾɯ̟]

信治, 信春, 信晴, 信玄, 伸治, 恒治, 伸春, 伸晴: a male given name

宜治, 宣春, 宣晴, 宣治, 延春, 延晴, 延治, 宣明: a male given name


独乙

獨乙製噴霧器 ― doitsu-sei funmuki ― German-made Atomizers

1935 March 13, 日伯新聞 (Nippaku Shinbun) [Nippo-Brazilian Newspaper], number 926, page 2

obsolete spelling of ドイツ (= Germany): a country in Central Europe


聖市

1935, “聖市々長 フアビオ・プラード [Mayor of Sao Paulo Fábio Prado]”, in 伯国著名政治家略伝 [Biographies of Noted Politicians of Brazil], 海外興業 (Overseas Industrial K.K.), →DOI, page 37:

一九三三年聖市護憲黨組織者の一人とたり

一九三三 いちきゅうさんさん

ichikyūsansan nen san pauro gokentau soshiki sha no hitori totari

サンパウロ サンパウロ#Japanese

obsolete spelling of サンパウロ (San Pauro) (= São Paulo): a municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil


聖州

聖(せい)州(しゅう) • (Seishū) ^(←せいしう (Seisiu)?)

聖州 (canonical)
Seishū (romanization)
Seisiu (romanization)
せいしう (hiragana historical)

1925 April 10, 伯剌西爾時報 (Burajiru Jihō) [News of Brazil], number 391, page 2:

Ambassador Badoglio together with Mr De Michelis, Chairman of the Immigration Affairs Committee, were temporarily appointed ambassadors while stationed in the country by agreement of the São Paulo State Government under the immigration pact.

バドリヨ大使が歸國と共に移民總務委員會總裁デ・ミケリス氏が一時駐伯大使に任命され聖州政府と移民協約を締結する迄伯國に駐剳し[…]

Badoriyo-taishi ga kikoku to tomo ni imin sōmu iinkai sōsai De Mikerisu-shi ga ichiji chūhaku taishi ni ninmei sare Seishū seifu to imin kyōyaku o teiketsu suru made Burajiru ni chūsatsu shi […]

(obsolete) São Paulo (a state of Brazil)


聖州

サンパウロ サンパウロ#Japanese

obsolete spelling of サンパウロ (San Pauro) (= São Paulo): a state of Brazil


亜郡

亜郡 (canonical)
A-gun (romanization)
Agun (romanization)
あぐん (hiragana historical)

1908, 丸山千曲, 亞郡同胞大勢一覽 (Agun Dōhō Taisei Ichiran), 新世界新聞王府支社:

亞郡同胞大勢一覽

1919 July 19, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 7617, page 6:

亞郡マウントエデンの同胞有志相集りて久しく田舎では芝居もやらなかつたから今年は豐年滿作でこの喜は誰に頒つ由もない

A-gun Maunto Eden no dōhō yūshi aiatsumarite hisashiku inaka de wa shibai mo yaranakatta kara konnen wa hōnen-mansaku de kono yorokobi wa dare ni wakatsu yoshi mo nai

(obsolete) short for アラメダ郡 (Arameda-gun, “Alameda (a county of California, United States)”)


麦嶺

麦嶺(バークレー) or 麦(ばく)嶺(れい) • (Bākurē or Bakurei)

麦嶺 (canonical)
麦嶺 (canonical)
Bākurē (romanization)
Bakurei (romanization)

1908, 丸山千曲, “序”, in 亞郡同胞大勢一覽 (Agun Dōhō Taisei Ichiran), 新世界新聞王府支社, page A17:

麥嶺の麓にて 千九百〇七年感謝日の前

千九百〇七年 せんきうひやくななねん

Bākurē no fumoto nite Senkyū-hyaku-nana-nen kanshahi no mae

1917 April 25, “荒地利用方針(くわうちりようはうしん) (Kōchi riyō hōshin)”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], page 8:

麥嶺公立學校父兄會

公立學校父兄會 こうりつがくかうふけいくわい

1917 April 25, 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], page 8:

麥嶺日本人會

日本人會 にほんじんくわい

1923, 在米國華盛頓州シアトル市米國西北部聯絡日本人會, 米國西北部在留日本人發展略史 (Beikoku Seihoku-bu Zairyū Nihonjin Hatten Ryakushi) [A Brief History of the Development of the Resident Japanese in the Northwest of America], page 154:

[…]上吿人は[…]加州麥嶺ハイスクールを卒業後加州大學に約三ヶ年間在學し[…]

加州大學 かしうだいがく

[…] jōkokunin wa […] Kashū Bākurē hai-sukūru o sotsugyō-go Kashū Daigaku ni yaku-san-ka-nen-kan zaigaku shi […]

1929 June 2, “同胞農業貢献稱揚”, in 日米 (Nichibei) [The Japanese American News], number 10629, page 3:

麥嶺日星クラブ

(obsolete) Berkeley (a city in Alameda, California, United States)


シヤトル

(obsolete) Seattle (a city in Washington, United States)


央州

央州 (canonical)
Ōshū (romanization)
Ausiu (romanization)
あうしう (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Oregon (a state of the United States)


塩湖市

塩(えん)湖(こ)市(し) • (Enkoshi) ^(←えんこし (Enkosi)?)

塩湖市 (canonical)
Enkoshi (romanization)
Enkosi (romanization)
えんこし (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) Salt Lake City (a city, the state capital of Utah, United States)


塩湖市

塩湖市 (canonical)
Sōto Rēki-shi (romanization)

ソートレーキ市 ソートレーキ市#Japanese

obsolete spelling of ソートレーキ市 (= Salt Lake City): a city, the state capital of Utah, United States


馬哇

obsolete spelling of マウイ (= Maui): an island of Hawaii, United States


加哇

obsolete spelling of カウアイ (= Kauai): an island of Hawaii, United States


スポーケン

スポケーン スポケーン#Japanese

alternative form of スポケーン (Supokēn, “Spokane (a city in Washington, United States)”)


いわしみず

いわしみず • (Iwashimizu) ^(←いはしみづ (Ifasimidu)?)

Iwashimizu (romanization)
Ifasimidu (romanization)
いはしみづ (hiragana historical)

石清水八幡宮 w:ja:石清水八幡宮

石清水: short for 石清水八幡宮 (Iwashimizu Hachimangū, “Iwashimizu Hachimangū”)


連合国

連(れん)合(ごう)国(こく) • (Rengōkoku) ^(←れんがふこく (Rengafukoku)?)

連合国 (canonical)
Rengōkoku (romanization)
Rengafukoku (romanization)
れんがふこく (hiragana historical)

[ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞ːko̞kɯ̟]

連合 (rengō, “union”) + 国 (-koku, “country”). Compare Korean 연합국 (Yeonhapguk, “Allies”), Chinese 聯合國 /联合国 (Liánhéguó, “United Nations”), Vietnamese Liên Hợp Quốc (“United Nations”).


ひがしくに

ja-pos

ひがしくに • (Higashikuni) ^(←ひがしくに (Figasikuni)?)

Higashikuni (romanization)
Figasikuni (romanization)
ひがしくに (hiragana historical)

[çiɡa̠ɕikɯ̟ɲ̟i]


親潮

English: Oyashio


持世菩薩

持世菩薩 (canonical)
Jise Bosatsu (romanization)

Compound of 持世 (jise, “having world”, likely a calque via Chinese of Sanskrit वसुधारा (vasudhārā, “having or containing wealth; earth, country”)) + 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”).

compound

likely a calque via Chinese of Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">वसुधारा</i> (vasudhārā, “having or containing wealth; earth, country”)

(Buddhism): Vasudhara, a female Buddhist bodhisattva representing wealth, prosperity, and abundance


曙覧

short for 橘曙覧 (Tachibana Akemi): Bakumatsu-period poet and scholar


桜沢

桜沢 (canonical)
Sakurazawa (romanization)

[sa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠za̠β̞a̠]


秀忠

desc

→ English: Hidetada, Fide-tada, Fide-Tadda, Fide Tadda


豊州

ja-pos

豊(ほう)州(しゅう) • (Hōshū)

Compound of 豊 (Clipping of 豊国 (“Toyo Province”)) + 州 (shū, “province”)

com+

Clipping of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">豊国</i> (“Toyo Province”)

(historical) short for 豊国 (Toyo no kuni, “Toyo Province, a feudal province of Japan”)

short for 豊前国 (Buzen no kuni, “Buzen Province”)

short for 豊後国 (Bungo no kuni, “Bungo Province”)


シンシア

A transliteration of the English female given name Cynthia


マンティーカ

ja-pos

マンティーカ • (Mantīka)

(rare) Manteca (a city in San Joaquin, California, United States)


加利福尼亜

加利福尼亜 (canonical)
Kariforunia (romanization)

カリフォルニア カリフォルニア#Japanese

obsolete spelling of カリフォルニア (= California): a state of the United States


馬關

former name of Shimonoseki City in Yamaguchi Prefecture prior to 1902


甲乙

甲(こう)乙(おつ) • (Kōotsu) ^(←かふおつ (Kafuotu)?)

甲乙 (canonical)
Kōotsu (romanization)
Kafuotu (romanization)
かふおつ (hiragana historical)

/kapʉ otʉ/ → /kaɸuot͡su/ → /kauot͡su/ → /kɔːot͡su/ → /koːot͡su/
Compound of 甲 (kō, “first”) + 乙 (otsu, “second”), with the orderings based on the ancient Chinese Heavenly Stems.
First cited with this reading to a portion of the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) that was completed in 757 CE.

(rare) short for 甲乙経 (Kōotsu Kyō), a medical text from the Jin dynasty of ancient China


通天閣

通天閣 (canonical)
Tsūtenkaku (romanization)

From 通天 (tsūten, “reaching heaven”) + 閣 (kaku, “tower”).

com

an observation tower and famous landmark in the Naniwa district of Osaka


隆之介

隆之介 (canonical)
Ryūnosuke (romanization)


竜之介

竜之介 (canonical)
Ryūnosuke (romanization)


龍之助

龍之助 (canonical)
Ryūnosuke (romanization)


良孝

ja-pos

良(りょう)孝(こう) • (Ryōkō)


英五郎

[e̞ːɡo̞ɾo̞ː]


悠三

悠(ゆう)三(ぞう) • (Yūzō)


イングリッシュ

[ĩŋɡɯ̟ɾʲiɕːɨ]

Daijisen
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
ja:イングリッシュ
ja:松村明

1989, Uehara Eiko, Tsuji no hana: Sengo hen [Street corner blossoms: postwar edition], volume 1, page 280:

He is the only politician in Okinawa whose English is not a smattering picked up here and there, nor American English, but who is learning proper traditional English.

彼は聞きかじりのちり箱英語や、アメリカンイングリッシュではなく、伝統的なイングリッシュを学んでいる沖縄唯一の政治家なのです。

Kare wa kiki kajiri no chiribako Eigo ya, Amerikan Ingurisshu de wa naku, dentōteki na Ingurisshu o manande iru Okinawa yuiitsu no seijika na no desu.

2020 June 16, “‘Tomodachi mitai’ Eigo tanoshiku [Enjoy English ‘like a friend’]”, in Chūnichi Shimbun, page 14:

ECF stands for “English Communication Friends”. It was established by the town education board in cooperation with Gifu University.

ＥＣＦはイングリッシュ・コミュニケーション・フレンドの頭文字。町教委が岐阜大の協力を得て実現した。

Ī-Shī-Efu wa Ingurisshu Komyunikēshon Furendo no kashiramoji. Machi kyōi ga Gifu dai no kyōryoku o ete jitsugen shita.

2021 June 29, “Hizen chū, eigo de Gorin tēma ni tōron ‘Ingurishu dē’ [Throughout Hizen, discuss the Olympics in English for ‘English day’]”, in Saga Shimbun:

English Day is a project of Saga Prefecture, which aims to motivate students by letting them converse with native speakers whose first language is English.

イングリッシュデイは佐賀県の事業で、英語を母国語で話すネイティブスピーカーとの会話を通じて生徒たちの学習意欲を高めることを目的とする。

Ingurisshu dei wa Saga ken no jigyō de, Eigo o bokokugo de hanasu neitibu supīkā to no kaiwa o tsūjite seito tachi no gakushū iyoku o takameru koto o mokuteki to suru.

1991, Kanno Takashi, Shimazu Yuichi, Senryakuteki shiko to wa nani ka, translation of Thinking Strategically by Avinash Dixit and Barry Nalebuff:

この方法は、伝統的なイングリッシュ・オークションとほぼ同様の結果をもたらす。イングリッシュ・オークションでは全ての参加者が一室に集まり、口頭で値をせり上げ、最も高い額をいったものが購入できる。

Kono hōhō wa, dentōteki na Ingurisshu ōkushon to hobo dōyō no kekka o motarasu. Ingurisshu ōkushon de wa subete no sankasha ga isshitsu ni atsumari, kōtō de atai o seri age, mottomo takai gaku o itta mono ga kōnyū dekiru.

This method leads to essentially the same result as a traditional English auction. An English auction is one in which all of the participants gather in one room, competitive bids are made orally, and the purchase goes to the highest bidder.

1993, Isobuchi Takeshi, Kōcha no oishisa no kimete^([118]):

イギリスに来たからこんなに水色の透き通ったきれいな紅茶は、見たことがなかった。
「これイングリッシュ・ブレンドですか」「イエッサー」

Igirisu ni kita kara konnani mizuiro no sukitōtta kirei na kōcha wa, mita koto ga nakatta.
“Kore Ingurisshu burendo desu ka” “Iessā”

Since coming to England, I had never seen such a clear, beautiful tea. “Is this an English blend?” “Yessir”

1963, Kitamura Minori, “Geijutsu undō no kanōsei”, in Shin Nihon Bungaku, page 117:

イギリス人なら、スコッチだとかアイリッシュとかイングリッシュだとかという風に、非常に民族というもの日常の生活感覚としても持っている

Igirisu-jin nara, Sukotchi da to ka Airisshu to ka Ingurisshu da to ka to iu fū ni, hijō ni minzoku to iu mono nichijō no seikatsu kankaku to shite mo motte-iru

For a British person, one has a strong sense of national identity as Scottish or Irish or English in everyday life

2012, Kato Setsuo, Otona no Rondon sanpo [A grown-up walking tour of London], page 27:

In the UK not only English but also Scottish, Welsh, and Irish people live.

イギリス(UK)にはイングリッシュだけでなく、スコッティッシュ(Scottish)やウエルシュ(Welsh)、アイリッシュ(Irish)が住んでいる。

Igirisu (Yūkē) ni wa Ingurisshu dake de naku, Sukottisshu (Scottish) ya Uerushu (Welsh), Airisshu (Irish) ga sunde-iru.

(informal) the English people, ethnicity, or culture


特ア

特定アジア 特定アジア#Japanese


アフガン

アフガニスタン アフガニスタン#Japanese

clipping of アフガニスタン (Afuganisutan): Afghanistan (a landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia)


中国共産党

ちゅうごく きょうさん とう

中(ちゅう)国(ごく)共(きょう)産(さん)党(とう) • (Chūgoku Kyōsan Tō)

[t͡ɕɨːɡo̞kɯ̟ kʲo̞ːsa̠n to̞ː]

Borrowed from Chinese 中国共产党 (Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng).


成香

成香(しげか) or 成香(せいか) or 成香(なりか) or 成香(なるか) or 成香(なるこ) • (Shigeka or Seika or Narika or Naruka or Naruko)

成香 (canonical)
成香 (canonical)
成香 (canonical)
成香 (canonical)
成香 (canonical)
Shigeka (romanization)
Seika (romanization)
Narika (romanization)
Naruka (romanization)
Naruko (romanization)


仏音

From Middle Chinese 佛音. The on reading for 音 changes to ton as an instance of renjō (連声).

ja-renjō

ブッダゴーサ ブッダゴーサ#Japanese

synonym of ブッダゴーサ (Buddagōsa, “Buddhaghosa”)


自民

自由民主党 w:ja:自由民主党

short for 自由民主党 (Jiyū Minshu-tō, “Liberal Democratic Party of Japan”)


自公

自(じ)由(ゆう)民(みん)主(しゅ)党(とう) w:ja:自由民主党

公(こう)明(めい)党(とう) w:ja:公明党

(politics) the coalition government of 自(じ)由(ゆう)民(みん)主(しゅ)党(とう) (Jiyū-Minshutō, “Liberal Democratic Party of Japan”) and 公(こう)明(めい)党(とう) (Kōmeitō, “Komeito”) (1999-2009, 2012-)


ロジバン

From Lojban lojban., from rafsi loj (logji (“logic”)) + ban (bangu (“language”)).

artificial language
artificial language#English


西アジア

西アジア (canonical)
Nishi Ajia (romanization)

From 西 (nishi, “west”) + アジア (Ajia, “Asia”).

West Asia (the westernmost geographic region of Asia, which includes Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Sinai Peninsula, and Transcaucasia)


民進党

ja-pos

民(みん)進(しん)党(とう) • (Minshintō) ^(←みんしんたう (Minsintau)?)

民進党 (canonical)
Minshintō (romanization)
Minsintau (romanization)
みんしんたう (hiragana historical)

[mʲĩɰ̃ɕĩnto̞ː]

Democratic Party (a party founded in 2016 in Japan)


簡易メール転送プロトコル

かんい メール てんそう プロトコル

簡(かん)易(い)メール転(てん)送(そう)プロトコル • (Kan'i Mēru Tensō Purotokoru)

簡易メール転送プロトコル (canonical)
Kan'i Mēru Tensō Purotokoru (romanization)

[kã̠ɰ̃i me̞ːɾɯ̟ tẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ː pɯ̟ɾo̞to̞ko̞ɾɯ̟]

Compound of 簡易 (“simple”) + メール (“mail”) + 転送 (“transferring”) + プロトコル (“protocol”), calque of English Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.

cal

(computing) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP


簡易ネットワーク管理プロトコル

ja-pos

かんい ネットワーク かんり プロトコル

簡(かん)易(い)ネットワーク管(かん)理(り)プロトコル • (Kan'i Nettowāku Kanri Purotokoru)

簡易ネットワーク管理プロトコル (canonical)
Kan'i Nettowāku Kanri Purotokoru (romanization)

[kã̠ɰ̃i ne̞t̚to̞β̞a̠ːkɯ̟ kã̠n̺ɾʲi pɯ̟ɾo̞to̞ko̞ɾɯ̟]

Compound of 簡易 (“simple”) + ネットワーク (“network”) + 管理 (“management”) + プロトコル (“protocol”), calque of English Simple Network Management Protocol.

cal

(computing) Simple Network Management Protocol, SNMP


ファイル転送プロトコル

ja-pos

ファイル てんそう プロトコル

ファイル転(てん)送(そう)プロトコル • (Fairu Tensō Purotokoru)

ファイル転送プロトコル (canonical)
Fairu Tensō Purotokoru (romanization)

[ɸa̠iɾɯ̟ tẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ː pɯ̟ɾo̞to̞ko̞ɾɯ̟]

Compound of ファイル (“file”) + 転送 (“transferring”) + プロトコル (“protocol”), calque of English File Transfer Protocol.


伝送制御プロトコル

ja-pos

でんそう せいぎょ プロトコル

伝(でん)送(そう)制(せい)御(ぎょ)プロトコル • (Densō Seigyo Purotokoru)

伝送制御プロトコル (canonical)
Densō Seigyo Purotokoru (romanization)

[dẽ̞ɰ̃so̞ː se̞ːɡʲo̞ pɯ̟ɾo̞to̞ko̞ɾɯ̟]

Compound of 伝送 (“transmission”) + 制御 (“control”) + プロトコル (“protocol”), calque of English Transmission Control Protocol.

cal

Transmission Control Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol

(computing, Internet) Transmission Control Protocol, TCP


アドレス解決プロトコル

ja-pos

アドレス かいけつ プロトコル

アドレス解(かい)決(けつ)プロトコル • (Adoresu Kaiketsu Purotokoru)

アドレス解決プロトコル (canonical)
Adoresu Kaiketsu Purotokoru (romanization)

[a̠do̞ɾe̞sɨ ka̠ike̞t͡sɨ pɯ̟ɾo̞to̞ko̞ɾɯ̟]

Compound of アドレス (“address”) + 解決 (“resolution”) + プロトコル (“protocol”), calque of English Address Resolution Protocol.

cal

Address Resolution Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol

(computing, Internet) Address Resolution Protocol, ARP


逆アドレス解決プロトコル

ja-pos

ぎゃく アドレス かいけつ プロトコル

逆(ぎゃく)アドレス解(かい)決(けつ)プロトコル • (Gyaku Adoresu Kaiketsu Purotokoru)

逆アドレス解決プロトコル (canonical)
Gyaku Adoresu Kaiketsu Purotokoru (romanization)

[ɡʲa̠kɯ̟ a̠do̞ɾe̞sɨ ka̠ike̞t͡sɨ pɯ̟ɾo̞to̞ko̞ɾɯ̟]

Compound of 逆 (“reverse”) + アドレス (“address”) + 解決 (“resolution”) + プロトコル (“protocol”), calque of English Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.

cal

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol

(computing, Internet) Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, RARP


米国電気電子学会

ja-pos

べいこく でんき でんし がっかい

米(べい)国(こく)電(でん)気(き)電(でん)子(し)学(がっ)会(かい) • (Beikoku Denki Denshi Gakkai)

米国電気電子学会 (canonical)
Beikoku Denki Denshi Gakkai (romanization)

[be̞ːko̞kɯ̟ dẽ̞ŋʲkʲi dẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi ɡa̠k̚ka̠i]

Compound of 米国 (“United States of America”) + 電気 (“electricity”) + 電子 (“electron”) + 学会 (“academic society”), calque of English Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.


盗電

Alternative kana conversion of 東(とう)電(でん) (Tōden). This term was used from 2011 when Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster was occurred.

2011 March 30, “色(いろ)々(いろ)と末(まっ)期(き)な日(ひ)々(び)”, in 我(われ)々(われ)は何処(どこ)から来(き)て、何処(どこ)へ行(ゆ)くのか:

オール電化のおかげで盗電の圏内では原発2基分の電力が増加した、これは豆知識です。

ōru denka no okage de Tōden no kennai de wa genpatsu ni-ki bun no denryoku ga zōka shita, kore wa mamechishiki desu.

The electricity consumption was increased by a power equivalent to two nuclear plants in the service area of TEPCO due to full electrification, this is trivia.

(Internet slang, derogatory) synonym of 東電 (Tōden, “Tokyo Electric Power Company”)


カスラック

Blend of カス (kasu, “dregs”) + ジャスラック (Jasurakku, “Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers”).

blend

ジャスラック ジャスラック#Japanese

(Internet slang, derogatory) synonym of ジャスラック (“Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers”)


ジャスラック

[d͡ʑa̠sɨɾa̠k̚kɯ̟]

JASRAC, abbreviation of its English name.

日本音楽著作権協会 日本音楽著作権協会#Japanese

synonym of 日本音楽著作権協会 (“Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers”)


日本音楽著作権協会

ja-pos

にほん おんがく ちょさくけん きょうかい

日(に)本(ほん)音(おん)楽(がく)著(ちょ)作(さく)権(けん)協(きょう)会(かい) • (Nihon Ongaku Chosakuken Kyōkai)

日本音楽著作権協会 (canonical)
Nihon Ongaku Chosakuken Kyōkai (romanization)

[ɲ̟iho̞ɰ̃ õ̞ŋɡa̠kɯ̟ t͡ɕo̞sa̠kɯ̟ke̞ŋʲ kʲo̞ːka̠i]

Compound of 日(に)本(ほん) (nihon, “Japan”) + 音(おん)楽(がく) (ongaku, “music”) + 著(ちょ)作(さく)権(けん) (chosakuken, “copyright”) + 協(きょう)会(かい) (kyōkai, “society; association”).

com-ja

Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers


青歯

Compound of 青(あお) (ao, “blue”) + 歯(ば) (ba, “tooth”), calque of English Bluetooth.

ブルートゥース ブルートゥース#Japanese

(Internet slang, networking) synonym of ブルートゥース (“Bluetooth”)


外為法

外為法 (canonical)
Gaitamehō (romanization)

The term 為替(かわせ) (kawase) is jukujikun reading and this cannot read separately, so 為 reads as ため.

外国為替及び外国貿易法 w:ja:外国為替及び外国貿易法

short for 外国為替及び外国貿易法 (Gaikoku Kawase oyobi Gaikoku Bōeki Hō, “Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act”)


メリスビル

[me̞ɾʲisɨbʲiɾɯ̟]

(dated) Marysville (a city in Yuba, California, United States)


ねもと

Nemoto (romanization)
ねもと (hiragana historical)


ヘイター

ja-pos

ヘイター • (Heitā)

A transliteration of the Portuguese male given name Heitor


ヘイター

ヘイター • (Heitā)

A transliteration of the English male given name Hayter


円頓宗

[ẽ̞ndõ̞ɰ̃ɕɨː]

Compound of 円(えん)頓(どん) (endon, one of Japanese Tiantai's theory) + 宗(しゅう) (shū, “sect”).


円宗

short for 円頓宗 (Endonshū, “Japanese Tiantai”)


ネトフリ

ネットフリックス ネットフリックス#Japanese

clipping of ネットフリックス (nettofurikkusu, “Netflix”)


円丁

[ẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]


月読男

月読男 (canonical)
Tsukuyomi Otoko (romanization)

mythical male person who lives in moon and cut columns.


円位

円位 (canonical)
En'i (romanization)
Wen'wi (romanization)
ゑんゐ (hiragana historical)

物思へどかからぬ人もある物をあはれなりける身の契りかな

mono omoedo kakaranu hito mo aru mono o aware narikeru mi no chigiri kana

Religious name of 西行 (Saigyō), late Heian- to early Kamakura-period poet and Buddhist priest


神楽坂

神楽坂 (canonical)
Kagurazaka (romanization)

Kagurazaka (a neighborhood of Tokyo, Japan)


竜田川

ja-pos

竜(たつ)田(た)川(がわ) • (Tatsuta-gawa) ^(←たつたがは (Tatutagafa)?)

竜田川 (canonical)
Tatsuta-gawa (romanization)
Tatutagafa (romanization)
たつたがは (hiragana historical)

Daijisen
Kokin Wakashu
Ogura Hyakunin Isshu
ja:松村明

From 竜田 (Tatsuta, a geographic region in northwestern Nara Prefecture) + 川 (kawa, “river”).
; “pattern of scattering autumn leaves”
From the 283rd poem of the Kokin Wakashu:
: たつた川(がは)もみぢ乱(みだ)れてながるめりわたらば錦(にしき)中(なか)やたえなむ
Tatsuta-gawa momiji midarete nagarumeri wataraba nishiki naka ya taenan
Tatsuta River is floating with scattered autumn leaves; if I go across, the brocade stops halfway.
; “bleeding”
From the 294th poem of the Kokin Wakashu (also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 17):
: ちはやぶる神(かみ)世(よ)も聞(き)かずたつた川(がは)から紅(くれなゐ)に水(みづ)くくるとは
chihayaburu kamiyo mo kikazu Tatsuta-gawa Kara-kurenai ni mizu kukuru to wa
Unheard even in the age of the mighty gods―the Tatsuta River tie-dying in Chinese crimson!

ja-usex

たつた川もみぢ乱れてながるめりわたらば錦%中やたえなむ

たつた-がは もみぢ みだれて ながるめり わたらば にしき% なか や たえなむ

ちはやぶる神%世も聞かずたつた川から紅に水くくるとは

ちはやぶる かみ%よ も きかず たつた-がは ^から-くれなゐ に みづ くくる と は

a river in northwestern Nara Prefecture, a tributary of the 大和川 (Yamato-gawa, “Yamato River”)

synonym of 千早振る (Chihayaburu): the title of a rakugo shaggy dog story


聖林

[ha̠ɾʲiɯ̟d̚d̥o̞]

Compound of 聖 (“holy”) + 林 (“woods”), from calque of English Holywood, from misspelling of Hollywood.

ハリウッド ハリウッド#Japanese

obsolete spelling of ハリウッド (Hariuddo) (= Hollywood): an area of Los Angeles, California, United States


剣橋

剣橋 (canonical)
Kenburijji (romanization)

[kẽ̞mbɯ̟ɾʲid̚d͡ʑi]

Compound of 剣(けん) (ken) and 橋 (“bridge”). 剣(けん) (ken) is ateji, and 橋 is calque of English bridge.

ケンブリッジ ケンブリッジ#Japanese

(rare) synonym of ケンブリッジ (Kenburijji, “Cambridge”)


薛延陀

薛延陀 (canonical)
Setsuenda (romanization)

Xueyantuo (ancient Tiele Turkic people and Turkic khanate in central/northern Asia)


ゴールデンゲートブリッジ

ja-pos

ゴールデン ゲート ブリッジ

(by extension, mahjong) 金門橋: a local-rule hand containing four 順子 (shuntsu) of 1-2-3, 3-4-5, 5-6-7, and 7-8-9 of a suit, worth 役満 (yakuman, “limit”)


ツイ

ツイッター ツイッター#Japanese


道徳経

道(どう)徳(とく)経(きょう) • (Dōtokukyō) ^(←だうとくきやう (Dautokukyau)?)

道徳経 (canonical)
Dōtokukyō (romanization)
Dautokukyau (romanization)
だうとくきやう (hiragana historical)

From Middle Chinese 道德經 (MC dawX tok keng|kengH). Analyzable as a compound of 道徳 (dōtoku, “morality”) + 経 (kyō, “sutra, scripture”).

Daijirin
Daijisen
Tao Te Ching
ja:松村明
ja:老子道徳経


土肥原

土(ど)肥(い)原(はら) • (Doihara) ^(←どひはら (Dofifara)?)

土肥原 (canonical)
Doihara (romanization)
Dofifara (romanization)
どひはら (hiragana historical)


黄鶴楼

[ko̞ːka̠kɯ̟ɾo̞ː]


地蔵菩薩

地(じ)蔵(ぞう)菩(ぼ)薩(さつ) • (Jizō Bosatsu) ^(←ぢざうぼさつ (Dizaubosatu)?)

地蔵菩薩 (canonical)
Jizō Bosatsu (romanization)
Dizaubosatu (romanization)
ぢざうぼさつ (hiragana historical)

Jizō is a calque of Sanskrit क्षितिगर्भ (Kṣitigarbha, literally “earth womb”).

calque

Daijirin Daijisen Kṣitigarbha ja:地蔵菩薩 ja:松村明


後徳大寺左大臣

ja-pos

^ご-^とくだいじ の ^さだいじん

後徳大寺左大臣(ごとくだいじのさだいじん) • (Go-Tokudaiji no Sadaijin)

後徳大寺左大臣 (canonical)
Go-Tokudaiji no Sadaijin (romanization)

Literally the “later (i.e. second) Tokudaiji minister of the left”, the first being Tokudaiji no Saneyoshi.

courtesy name of Tokudaiji Sanesada, Heian-period poet and nobleman


つべ

(Internet slang) clipping of ようつべ (Yōtsube, “YouTube”, slang)


太政官

太(だい)政(じょう)官(かん) • (Daijō-kan) ^(←だいじやうくわん (Daizyaukwan)?)

太政官 (canonical)
Daijō-kan (romanization)
Daizyaukwan (romanization)
だいじやうくわん (hiragana historical)

[da̠iʑo̞ːkã̠ɴ]

On-reading of Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa below.
Equivalent to 太政 (daijō, originally read ōmatsurigoto (notice the absence of -i in ōi), “imperial government”) + 官 (kan, “government office”).

com

(government, historical) the highest governing body under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system between the Nara and Edo periods

(government, historical, colloquial) Same as だじょうかん (Dajō-kan) below


太政官

ja-pos

太(だ)政(じょう)官(かん) • (Dajō-kan) ^(←だじやうくわん (Dazyaukwan)?)

太政官 (canonical)
Dajō-kan (romanization)
Dazyaukwan (romanization)
だじやうくわん (hiragana historical)

[da̠ʑo̞ːkã̠ɴ]

Variant on-reading of Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa below.
Equivalent to 太政 (dajō, originally read ōmatsurigoto (notice the absence of -i in ōi), “imperial government”) + 官 (kan, “government office”).

com

(government, historical) the highest governing body of Imperial Japan in the early Meiji period

(government, historical, colloquial) Same as だいじょうかん (Daijō-kan) above


太政官

ja-pos

^おおいまつりごと の ^つかさ

^おほいまつりごと の ^つかさ

太(おおい)政(まつりごとの)官(つかさ) • (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa) ^(←おほいまつりごとのつかさ (Ofoimaturigoto no Tukasa)?)

太政官 (canonical)
Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa (romanization)
Ofoimaturigoto no Tukasa (romanization)
おほいまつりごとのつかさ (hiragana historical)

Shift from Old Japanese 太政官 (Opoki₁maturigo₂to₂ no₂ Tukasa). The original form is reflected in Ōkimatsurigoto no Tsukasa below.
Equivalent to 大 (ōi-, prefix of superiority) + 政 (matsurigoto, “government”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 官 (tsukasa, “government office”).
The “chancellor” sense extends the meaning from 官 (tsukasa, “government office”) to 司 (tsukasa, “government official”).

inh

おおいまつりことのつかさ

com

おおいまつりことのつかさ

(government, historical, archaic) the highest governing body under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system between the Nara and Edo periods


太政官

ja-pos

^おおきまつりごと の ^つかさ

^おほきまつりごと の ^つかさ

太(おおき)政(まつりごとの)官(つかさ) • (Ōkimatsurigoto no Tsukasa) ^(←おほきまつりごとのつかさ (Ofokimaturigoto no Tukasa)?)

太政官 (canonical)
Ōkimatsurigoto no Tsukasa (romanization)
Ofokimaturigoto no Tukasa (romanization)
おほきまつりごとのつかさ (hiragana historical)

(government, historical, archaic) highest government office under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system; chancellor of the realm


C言語

C言語 (canonical)
Shī-gengo (romanization)

[ɕiː ɡẽ̞ŋɡo̞]

Compound of C(シー) (shī) + 言(げん)語(ご) (gengo, “language”).

com-ja

programming language
programming language


陰陽家

[ĩɰ̃jo̞ːka̠]


天和

天和 (canonical)
Tenna (romanization)
Ten'wa (romanization)
てんわ (hiragana historical)

/ten.wa/ → /teɰ̃ɰa/ → /teɰa/ → /tenːa/
Shift from Tenwa below.
The wa changes to na as an instance of renjō (連声).


天和

You [the duke] have set forth the great and illustrious virtues, that I [the king], notwithstanding my youth, may display a brilliant merit like that of Wen and Wu, reverently responding to the favouring decree of Heaven; and harmonize and long preserve the people of all the regions, settling the multitudes (in Luo); and that I may give due honour to the great ceremony (of recording) the most distinguished (for their merits), regulating the order for the first places at the sacrifices, and doing everything in an orderly manner without display.

The Book of Documents, circa 4ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Gōng chēng pī xiǎn dé, yǐ yǔ xiǎozǐ yáng wén wǔ liè, fèng dá tiānmìng, hé héng sìfāng mín, jū shī; dūn zōng jiāng lǐ, chēng zhì yuán sì, xián zhì wú wén.

公稱丕顯德，以予小子揚文武烈，奉答天命，和恆四方民，居師；惇宗將禮，稱秩元祀，咸秩無文。

公称丕显德，以予小子扬文武烈，奉答天命，和恒四方民，居师；惇宗将礼，称秩元祀，咸秩无文。

嘉承天和，伊樂厥福。

嘉承天和，伊乐厥福。

The Book of the Later Han, circa 5ᵗʰ century CE

天人協和，萬國咸寧。

天人协和，万国咸宁。

The clear understanding of the virtue of Heaven and Earth is what is called 'The Great Root,' and 'The Great Origin;' - they who have it are in harmony with Heaven, and so they produce all equable arrangements in the world - they are those who are in harmony with men. Being in harmony with men is called the joy of men; being in harmony with Heaven is called the joy of Heaven.

Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Fū míngbái yú tiāndì zhī dé zhě, cǐ zhī wèi dàběn dàzōng, yǔ tiān hé zhě yě; suǒ yǐ jūn diào tiānxià, yǔ rén hé zhě yě. Yǔ rén hé zhě, wèi zhī rén yuè; yǔ tiān hé zhě, wèi zhī tiān yuè.

夫明白於天地之德者，此之謂大本大宗，與天和者也；所以均調天下，與人和者也。與人和者，謂之人樂；與天和者，謂之天樂。

夫明白于天地之德者，此之谓大本大宗，与天和者也；所以均调天下，与人和者也。与人和者，谓之人乐；与天和者，谓之天乐。

(historical, archaic) Historic reading of 天和 (Tenna) (see above)


鎌倉右大臣

ja-pos

^かまくら の ^うだいじん

鎌倉右大臣(かまくらのうだいじん) or 鎌(かま)倉(くら)右(う)大(だい)臣(じん) • (Kamakura no Udaijin or Kamakura Udaijin)

鎌倉右大臣 (canonical)
鎌倉右大臣 (canonical)
Kamakura no Udaijin (romanization)
Kamakura Udaijin (romanization)

Literally the “Kamakura Minister of the Right”, with Kamakura being a district in central Sagami Province.

Courtesy name of 源実朝 (Minamoto no Sanetomo), Kamakura-period shogun and poet


旧帝大学

旧(きゅう)帝(てい)大(だい)学(がく) • (Kyūtei Daigaku)

旧帝大学 (canonical)
Kyūtei Daigaku (romanization)

[kʲɨːte̞ː da̠iɡa̠kɯ̟]

Compound of 旧(きゅう) (kyū, “old; former”) + 帝(てい) (tei, “imperial; emperor”) + 大学(だいがく) (daigaku, “university”).


旧帝

clipping of 旧帝大学 (Kyūtei Daigaku, “former Imperial University”)


ジャップランド

[d͡ʑa̠p̚pɯ̟ɾã̠ndo̞]

Borrowed from English Japland, equivalent to ジャップ (Jappu, “Jap”) + ランド (rando, “land”).

中世ジャップランド


安心院

From the name of 安心院(あじむ)盆(ぼん)地(ち) (Ajimu Bonchi, “Ajimu Basin”), from 芦(あし) (ashi, “reed”) + 生(ふ) (fu, “thick growth of plants”). Written with ateji 安心 and a silent 院, which refers to Usa Jingū.


奈良山

奈良山 (canonical)
Nara-yama (romanization)

From 奈良 (Nara) + 山 (-yama, “hill, mountain”).

the hills north of the ancient capital of 平城京 (Heijō-kyō) in present-day Nara


墨其西古

墨其西古 (canonical)
Mekishiko (romanization)

(rare, obsolete) alternative spelling of メキシコ (“Mexico (a country)”)


久兵衛

ja-pos

久(きゅう)兵(べ)衛(え) • (Kyūbee) ^(←きうべゑ (Kiubewe)?)

久兵衛 (canonical)
Kyūbee (romanization)
Kiubewe (romanization)
きうべゑ (hiragana historical)


ティモール

ティモール • (Timōru)

[tʲimo̞ːɾɯ̟]

From English Timor, from Malay timur (“east”).

Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

East Timor, the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste


死に神

死に神 (canonical)
Shinigami (romanization)

First attested in the mid-Edo period, cited to a text in 1709.
Compound of 死に (shini, “dying”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 死ぬ (shinu), “to die”) + 神 (kami, “god, spirit”). The kami changes to gami as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

compound

the Grim Reaper (personification of death)

a rakugo loosely based on the opera Crispino e la comare and revolves around an impoverished man meeting a shinigami


文殊師利

文殊師利 (canonical)
Monjushiri (romanization)

[mõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨɕiɾʲi]

(Buddhism) Manjushri (bodhisattva associated with prajñā in Mahayana Buddhism)


かがやき

one of the bullet train services running on the Hokuriku shinkansen


昭和元禄

昭和元禄 (canonical)
Shōwa Genroku (romanization)

Coined by Takeo Fukuda in 1964.
From 昭和 (Shōwa, era name between 1926-89) + 元禄 (Genroku, era name during the mid-Edo period, considered to be the golden age of that time).

com

(historical) the period of peace, leisureliness, and high economic growth in post-war Japan until the oil crises of the 1970s


孝経

ja-pos

孝(こう)経(きょう) • (Kōkyō)


ソニック

ソニック・ザ・ヘッジホッグ w:ja:ソニックシリーズ

(video games) ellipsis of ソニック・ザ・ヘッジホッグ (Sonikku za Hejjihoggu): Sonic the Hedgehog (video game series or the titular character)


色丹

Shikotan (an island and district of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)

Malokurilskoye (a town in Shikotan, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan)


占守

From Ainu [Term?] via Russian Шумшу́ (Šumšú).


幌筵

幌筵 (canonical)
Paramushiru (romanization)


得撫

From Ainu ウルㇷ゚ (urup), meaning "red trout".


択捉

[e̞to̞ɾo̞ɸɯ̟]

From Ainu エツ゚ヲロㇷ゚シㇼ (Etuworop-sir, “island with many capes”).


国後

From Ainu クンネ シㇼ (kunne sir), meaning "black island"; or Ainu キナ シㇼ (kina sir), meaning "grass island".


歯舞

From Ainu ハ アプ オマ イ (ha apu oma i), meaning "the islet where the drift ice retreats".


金武

Kin (a town in Kunigami district, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan)


金武

Kanatake (a village in Sawa district, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan)


コルス゠デュ゠シュド県

ja-pos

^コルス゠デュ゠^シュド-けん

コルス゠デュ゠シュド県 (canonical)
Korusu-dyu-Shudo-ken (romanization)

[ko̞ɾɯ̟sɨdʲɨɕɨdo̞kẽ̞ɴ]

Corse-du-Sud (a department of Corsica, France)


遍照金剛

遍(へん)照(じょう)金(こん)剛(ごう) • (Henjō Kongō) ^(←へんぜうこんがう (Fenzeukongau)?)

遍照金剛 (canonical)
Henjō Kongō (romanization)
Fenzeukongau (romanization)
へんぜうこんがう (hiragana historical)

From 遍照 (henjō, “universal illumination”) + 金剛 (kongō, “adamant, diamond, vajra”).

com

(Shingon Buddhism) synonym of 大日如来 (Dainichi Nyorai): Mahāvairocana tathāgata

大日如来

(Buddhism) Courtesy name of 空海 (Kūkai), founder of the esoteric Shingon sect of Buddhism


仲尼

仲尼 (canonical)
Chūji (romanization)
Tyuudi (romanization)
ちゆうぢ (hiragana historical)

/tjuː di/ → /t͡ɕuːd͡ʑi/
From Middle Chinese 仲尼 (MC drjuwngH nrij).

courtesy name (azana) of 孔子 (Kōshi, “Confucius”)


永延

永延 (canonical)
Eien (romanization)
えいえん (hiragana historical)

the Eien era, Japanese era name from 987 to 988


アルマニャック

Armagnac (a region and former county of the duchy of Gascony in modern-day France)


蒙疆

ja-pos

蒙(もう)疆(きょう) • (Mōkyō)

(historical) Mengjiang (historical puppet state)


甘粛

Gansu (a province in northwestern China)


弁天

Shortened from 弁財天 / 弁(べん)才(ざい)天(てん) (Benzaiten).

several islands in Japan associated with the goddess Benzaiten

2007, Shin'ichirō Namiki, Shōwa no toshi densetsu [Shōwa era urban legends], page 39:

東西に細長く広がる公園の中央には噴水のある池があって、弁天様がまつられている。

Tōzai ni hosonagaku hirogaru kōen no chūō ni wa funsui no aru ike ga atte, Benten-sama ga matsurareteiru.

In the center of a long, narrow park extending east to west there is a pond with a fountain dedicated to Lady Benten.

(Buddhism, Shinto) Benzaiten, goddess of knowledge and art

any of several places in Japan associated with or named for the goddess


モールス

A transliteration of the French surname Morse


伊波

伊波 (canonical)
伊波 (canonical)
Inami (romanization)
Iha (romanization)


デュッセルドルフ

[dʲɨsːe̞ɾɯ̟do̞ɾɯ̟ɸɯ̟]

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Düsseldorf (the capital and largest city of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


コロナ禍

コロナ禍 (canonical)
Korona-ka (romanization)

Compound of コロナ (korona, “short for コロナウイルス (koronauirusu)”) + 禍 (ka, “disaster, chaos”). It became a runner-up in a 2020 neologism award held by Daijisen.

com

2020 July 1 [2020 April 20], NHK, quoting Mainichi Shimbun, “‘Shin-gata koronauirusu’ kanren no kotoba [Words related to the ‘novel coronavirus’]”, in NHK Hōsō bunka kenkyūjo:

The coronavirus pandemic also casts a shadow over international discussions of topics of concern related to climate change.

コロナ禍は気候変動を巡る国際交渉のゆくえにも影を落とす。

Korona-ka wa kikō hendō o meguru kokusai kōshō no yukue ni mo kage o otosu.

2020 May 21, Kawabata Hiroto, “‘Korona-ka’ wa itsu made tsuzuku? [How long will the ‘corona disaster’ continue?]”, in National Geographic:

Currently, our changed lifestyles are becoming a ‘new normal’, associated with the ‘corona disaster’.

当面、ぼくたちは、行動を変容させた「新しい日常」の中で、「コロナ禍」と付き合っていくことになる。

Tōmen, boku-tachi wa, kōdō o hen'yō saseta “atarashii nichijō” no naka de, “korona-ka” to tsukiatte-iku koto ni naru.

2021 June 12, “Jōjō kigyō, kibō taishoku ichi-man nin chō [At listed companies, more than ten thousand voluntary retirements]”, in Jiji.com, archived from the original on 2021-06-13:

Seven electrical equipment manufacturing companies continue to advance their production base and business activities, but many businesses in the tourism, transport, and food service industries are being seriously affected by the pandemic due to appeals to limit excursions, to curtail or shorten business hours, or to suspend operations.

生産拠点や事業集約を進めた電気機器が７社で続くが、多くは観光や運送、外食といった、コロナ禍による外出自粛や営業時間短縮・休業要請の影響を受けた企業だ。

Seisan kyoten ya jigyō shūyaku o susumeta denki kiki ga nanasha de tsuzuku ga, ōku wa kankō ya unsō, gaishoku to itta, korona-ka ni yoru gaishutsu jishuku ya eigyō jikan tanshuku kyūgyō yōsei no eikyō o uketa kigyō da.

(neologism) the chaos and disaster of the COVID-19 pandemic


グラナダ

[ɡɯ̟̊ɾa̠na̠da̠]


晩香坡

ja-pos

晩香坡(バンクーバー) or 晩香坡(ヴァンクーヴァー) • (Bankūbā or Vankūvā)

晩香坡 (canonical)
晩香坡 (canonical)
Bankūbā (romanization)
Vankūvā (romanization)

[bã̠ŋkɯ̟ːba̠ː]

在晩香坡日本人

晩香坡 ヴアンクーヴアー

1913, “第三節 晩香坡市日本人社會”, in 実地踏査北米, page 319:

晩香坡市日本人社會

市日本人社會 しにほんじんしやくわい

1916, “一 米國晩香坡より”, in 高等女子新作文, volume 4, page 169:

米國晩香坡より

バンクーバー バンクーバー#Japanese

ヴァンクーヴァー ヴァンクーヴァー#Japanese

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

obsolete spelling of バンクーバー (Bankūbā) and ヴァンクーヴァー (Vankūvā) (= Vancouver): a city in British Columbia, Canada


湾東

(obsolete) East Bay (an area, a San Francisco Bay Area in California, United States)


華村

華村 (canonical)
Wasson (romanization)
Watuson (romanization)
ワツソン (historical katakana)

(obsolete) Watsonville (a city in Santa Cruz, California, United States)


ワトソンビル

[β̞a̠to̞sõ̞mbʲiɾɯ̟]


亜市

亜市 (canonical)
A-shi (romanization)
Asi (romanization)
あし (hiragana historical)

(obsolete) short for アラメダ市 (Arameda-shi, “Alameda (a city in Alameda, California, United States)”)


世界保健機構

世(せ)界(かい)保(ほ)健(けん)機(き)構(こう) • (Sekaihokenkikō)

世界保健機構 (canonical)
Sekaihokenkikō (romanization)

From 世界(せかい) (sekai, “world”) + 保健(ほけん) (hoken, “health”) + 機構(きこう) (kikō, “organization”).


式守伊之助

ja-pos

式(しき)守(もり)伊(い)之(の)助(すけ) • (Shikimori Inosuke)

式守伊之助 (canonical)
Shikimori Inosuke (romanization)

(sumo) title given to the second-highest ranking referee (gyōji) in professional sumo

木村庄之助

Kimura Shōnosuke, title of highest ranking referee

木村庄之助 きむら　しょうのすけ


木村庄之助

木(き)村(むら)庄(しょう)之(の)助(すけ) • (Kimura Shōnosuke)

木村庄之助 (canonical)
Kimura Shōnosuke (romanization)

(sumo) title given to the highest ranking referee (gyōji) in professional sumo

式守伊之助

Shikimori Inosuke, title of second-highest ranking referee

式守伊之助 しきもり　いのすけ


有栖川宮

有栖川宮 (canonical)
Arisugawa-no-miya (romanization)

(historical) an extinct cadet branch of the imperial family of Japan


世田谷

Setagaya (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


葛飾

葛飾 (canonical)
Katsushika (romanization)

Katsushika (one of 23 special wards in Tokyo prefecture, Japan)


ちょうせい

ちょうせい • (Chōsei)

長征: The Long March; the military retreat of the Red Army in 1934 during the Chinese civil war


後漢書

[ɡo̞kã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑo̞]

(history) Book of the Later Han (a book covering the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE)


鞍馬山

鞍馬山 (canonical)
Kuramayama (romanization)

Mount Kurayama (a mountain in Kyoto, Japan)


後山

後山 (canonical)
Ushiroyama (romanization)


小倉山

小(お)倉(ぐら)山(やま) • (Ogurayama) ^(←をぐらやま (Wogurayama)?)

小倉山 (canonical)
Ogurayama (romanization)
Wogurayama (romanization)
をぐらやま (hiragana historical)

[o̞ɡɯ̟ɾa̠ja̠ma̠]

Mount Ogura (a mountain in Kyoto, Japan)


白堊館

白(はく)堊(あ)館(かん) • (Hakuakan) ^(←はくあくわん (Fakuakwan)?)

白堊館 (canonical)
Hakuakan (romanization)
Fakuakwan (romanization)
はくあくわん (hiragana historical)

→ Korean: 백악관 (白堊館, Baegakgwan)

[ha̠kɯ̟a̠kã̠ɴ]

白堊 (“chalk”) + 館 (“house”), Calque of English White House

1942 February 4, ja:海野十三, “不沈軍艦の見本：――金博士シリーズ・10――”, in 新靑年 (fiction):

ここはワシントンの白堊館の地下十二階であった。その一室の中で大統領ルーズベルトのひびのはいった竹法螺のような聲がする。

Koko wa Washinton no Hakuakan no chika jūnikai deatta. sono isshitsu no naka de daitōryō Rūzuberuto no hibi no wa itta takebora no yō na koe ga suru.

This was the twelfth basement floor of the White House in Washington. Inside the room, President Roosevelt's voice sounded like a cracked bamboo horagai.


白堊館

白堊館 (canonical)
Howaito Hausu (romanization)

ホワイトハウス ホワイトハウス#Japanese


シェトランド

From English Shetland, from Scots Shetland, from Old Norse Hjaltland.


幾何原本

幾何原本 (canonical)
Kikagenpon (romanization)


マドンナ

Madonna (Mary, the mother of Jesus), or pictures or sculptures which depict her


ベニン

Benin (a country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey)


フランスりょうギアナ

^フランス-りょう ^ギアナ

フランス領ギアナ フランス領ギアナ#Japanese


エスワティニ

Esuwatini (romanization)
エスワチニ (alternative)

Eswatini (a country in Southern Africa, formerly called Swaziland)


スワジランドおうこく

スワジランド王国 スワジランド王国#Japanese

Kingdom of Swaziland
Kingdom of Swaziland


みなみアフリカきょうわこく

みなみ アフリカ きょうわこく

みなみアフリカきょうわこく • (Minami Afurika Kyōwakoku)

南アフリカ共和国 南アフリカ共和国#Japanese

Republic of South Africa
Republic of South Africa


フォークランドしょとう

^フォークランド しょとう

フォークランドしょとう • (Fōkurando shotō)

フォークランド諸島 フォークランド諸島#Japanese


マーシャルしょとう

マーシャルしょとう • (Māsharu shotō)

マーシャル諸島 マーシャル諸島#Japanese


マゼラン

[ma̠ze̞ɾã̠ɴ]

From English Magellan, an anglicization of Portuguese Magalhães.

フェルディナンド・マゼラン

マゼラン雲

マゼランガン

A transliteration of the English surname Magellan

ja:フェルディナンド・マゼラン


マジェラン

[ma̠ʑe̞ɾã̠ɴ]

alternative form of マゼラン (“Magellan”, surname)


オレゴン

Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest#English

Oregon (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States)


ウィスコンシン

Wisconsin (a state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States)


ワイオミング

Wyoming (a state of the United States, formerly a territory)


天照大神

天(あま)照(てらす)大(おおみ)神(かみ) or 天(てん)照(しょう)大(だい)神(じん) • (Amaterasu Ōmikami or Tenshō Daijin) ^(←あまてらすおほみかみ (Amaterasu Ofomikami) or てんせうだいじん (Tenseu Daizin)?)

天照大神 (canonical)
天照大神 (canonical)
Amaterasu Ōmikami (romanization)
Tenshō Daijin (romanization)
Amaterasu Ofomikami (romanization)
Tenseu Daizin (romanization)
あまてらすおほみかみ (hiragana historical)
てんせうだいじん (hiragana historical)

[tẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ː da̠iʑĩɴ]

Amaterasu Ōmikami: Old Japanese, 天照らす (amaterasu, “to shine in heaven”) + 大御神 (ōmikami, literally “great august god”)
Tenshō Daijin: 音読み (on’yomi) of the spelling


好子

ja-pos

好(こう)子(こ) or 好(たか)子(こ) or 好(よし)子(こ) • (Kōko or Takako or Yoshiko)

好子 (canonical)
好子 (canonical)
好子 (canonical)
Kōko (romanization)
Takako (romanization)
Yoshiko (romanization)


徳之島

徳之島 (canonical)
Tokunoshima (romanization)


ヒロシマ

1982, ヒロシマの声 [The Voices of Hiroshima], page 7:

And, since now, Hiroshima has a sign of building itself as a Heiwa memorial city. These plans are big.

そして今やヒロシマは平和記念都市として自己を建設しょうとしている。構想は大きい。

soshite ima ya Hiroshima wa heiwa kinen toshi toshite jiko o kensetsu shō toshiteiru. kōsō wa okī.

2019 October 11, “廣島からヒロシマへ（１）まぶたの街並み よみがえる記憶 (ひろしま から ヒロシマ へ（いち）まぶた の まちなみ よみがえる きおく) [From ‘Hiroshima’ to Hiroshima (1): Street we see when we close our eyes: Recalled memories]”, in Mainichi Shimbun:

In the photographs taken of the streets of Hiroshima before the atomic bombing, the memory of the time when the city was labeled "Hiroshima" dwells. We have traced what the atomic bomb took away from the city by juxtaposing the photographic materials in the Mainichi Shimbun's collection with testimonies and records from Hiroshima.

原爆投下前の広島の街並みを撮影した写真には、「廣島」と記された時代の記憶が宿る。毎日新聞が所蔵する写真資料とヒロシマの証言や記録を重ねながら、原爆が奪ったものをたどった。

Genbaku tōka-mae no Hiroshima no machinami o satsuei shita shashin ni wa,“Hiroshima” to shirusareta jidai no kioku gayadoru. Mainichi Shinbun ga shozō suru shashin shiryō to Hiroshima no shōgen ya kiroku o kasanenagara, genbaku ga ubatta mono o tadotta.

(historical) Katakana form of 広島 (Hiroshima): Hiroshima, especially as a site of atomic bombing


ナガサキ

2019 August 5, “「最後の被爆者」決意 姉が見たナガサキ語る つなぐ～胎内被爆者の74年（1） [Determined to be ‘the Last Hibakusha’: He Told Nagasaki His Sister Saw: Passing on: 74 years of the Hibakusha in utero (1)]”, in Nishinippon Shimbun:

The thick, black-covered book describes the horrific experience of Nagasaki, etched in the mind of a 15-year-old schoolgirl on August 9, 74 years ago.

黒表紙の分厚い本には、74年前の8月9日、15歳の女学生が脳裏に刻んだナガサキでの凄惨な体験が記されていた。

Kuro-byōshi no buatsui hon ni wa, nanajūyo-nen mae no hachigatsu kokonoka, jūgo-sai no jogakusei ga nōri ni kizanda Nagasaki de no seisan na taiken ga shirusarete ita.

(historical) Katakana form of 長崎 (Nagasaki): Nagasaki, especially as a site of atomic bombing


フクシマ

[ɸɯ̟kɯ̟ɕima̠]

From katakana form of 福(ふく)島(しま) (Fukushima).

2020 June 17, “7.5都知事選で東京都政を刷新する”, in Net IB News:

フクシマを放置し、フクシマの被災者を切り捨てて東京で五輪を開催しようとすること自体が間違っている。

Fukushima o hōchi shi, Fukushima no hisaisha o kirisutete Tōkyō de Gorin o kaisai shiyō to suru koto jitai ga machigatte iru.

It was wrong to forget about Fukushima, abandoning the victims of Fukushima in order to concentrate on the Tokyo Olympics.

Fukushima, the Fukushima Daiichi disaster, a 2011 tsunami and major nuclear accident in Fukushima prefecture.


強制労働省

きょうせい ろうどう しょう

強(きょう)制(せい)労(ろう)働(どう)省(しょう) • (Kyōsei Rōdō Shō)

強制労働省 (canonical)
Kyōsei Rōdō Shō (romanization)

[kʲo̞ːse̞ː ɾo̞ːdo̞ː ɕo̞ː]

Literally, Forced Labor Ministry. From word play with 厚(こう)生(せい)労(ろう)働(どう)省(しょう) (Kōsei Rōdō Shō). It is notorious for having long periods of overtime.

ja-r

^こう%せい% ^ろう%どう% ^しょう

厚生労働省 厚生労働省#Japanese

synonym of 厚生労働省 (Kōsei Rōdō Shō, “Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare”)


日米

日 (“Japan”) + 米 (“America”) or blend of 日本 (Nihon, Nippon, “Japan”) + 亜米利加 (Amerika, “America”)

blend

日米関係


阪大

大阪大学 w:ja:大阪大学

short for 大阪大学 (Ōsaka Daigaku, “Osaka University”)


神大

神奈川大学 w:ja:神奈川大学

short for 神奈川大学 (Kanagawa Daigaku, “Kanagawa University”)


神大

神戸大学 w:ja:神戸大学

short for 神戸大学 (Kōbe Daigaku, “Kobe University”)


京大

京都大学 w:ja:京都大学

short for 京都大学 (Kyōto Daigaku, “Kyoto University”)


トンペー

ja-pos

トンペー or とんぺー • (Tonpē)

トンペー (canonical)
とんぺー (canonical)
Tonpē (romanization)

From Mandarin 東北／东北 (dōngběi). 東大 and 北大 are already used as abbreviations for other universities.

zh-l

東北／东北 (dōngběi)

東北大学 w:ja:東北大学

short for 東北大学 (Tōhoku Daigaku, “Tohoku University”)


電通大

電通大 (canonical)
Dentsūdai (romanization)

電気通信大学 w:ja:電気通信大学

short for 電気通信大学 (Denki Tsūshin Daigaku, “University of Electro-Communications”)


お茶大

お茶の水女子大学 w:ja:お茶の水女子大学

short for お茶の水女子大学 (Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku, “Ochanomizu University”)


名大

名古屋大学 w:ja:名古屋大学

short for 名古屋大学 (Nagoya Daigaku, “Nagoya University”)


明大

明治大学 w:ja:明治大学

short for 明治大学 (Meiji Daigaku, “Meiji University”)


近大

近畿大学 w:ja:近畿大学

short for 近畿大学 (Kinki Daigaku, “Kindai University”)


勢語

short for 伊勢物語 (Ise Monogatari): The Tales of Ise, Heian-period collection of narratives and waka poetry