そう

sō (romanization)
sau (romanization)
さう (hiragana historical)

Japanese phrasebook
 This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.
/sau/ → /sɔː/ → /soː/

phrasebook

それはそう。／そりゃそうだろ。


今

Early Middle Japanese
Early Modern Japanese
Kojiki
Late Middle Japanese
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Old Japanese language

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. From Proto-Japonic *ima.


さい

sai (romanization)
さい (hiragana historical)

さいですか／さいでっか？

そうですか (standard Japanese)


せ

せやな。


万

From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mjonH). Compare modern Hokkien 萬／万 (bān).


最近

みりん。地域猫。最近までマクロのことをマグロと思っていた。

Mirin: A neighbours' cat. Until recently often confused macros with tuna [maguro].

Mirin. Chīkineko. Saikin made makuro no koto o maguro to omotteita.


ずっと

1917, 南方熊楠, 十二支考：04 蛇に関する民俗と伝説:

尋常のヤマカガシなども今より迥と老大のもありたるべく、それらを恐怖もて誤察し種々誇大のウワバミ譚をも生じたなるべし

Jinjō no yamakagashi nado mo ima yori zutto rōdai no mo ari-taru beku, sorera o kyōfu mote gosatsu shi iroiro kodai no uwabamitan o mo shōjita-naru beshi

continuing for a long time; long-lasting; forever; always; for the entire time


何

→ Chinese: 納尼／纳尼 (nàní)

→ English: nani

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *n-anu-.

何不自由なく

(in the negative) any, whatsoever, at all


優

優 (canonical)
yū (romanization)
iu (romanization)
いう (hiragana historical)


凡

凡 (canonical)
ōshi (romanization)
ofosi (romanization)
おほし (hiragana historical)

From Old Japanese.
Appears to be a lexicalized adverbial use of the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of classical adjective 多し (ōshi, “many”, modern 多い (ōi), same opo → ofo → oho → ō root).
Alternatively, might be adjective stem ō + conjunctive particle し (shi).


幸

幸 (canonical)
saiwai (romanization)
saifafi (romanization)
さいはひ (hiragana historical)

/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwahi/ → /sakiwai/ → /saiwai/
Derived from sakiwai below.
More often spelled as 幸い with the final い to indicate the reading.

幸、怪我はなかった。


己

From 己 (ono, reflexive or first-person pronoun, see below) + れ (re, “thing”, demonstrative nominalizer ending).


後

Originally an extension of 跡(あと) (ato, “footprint; leftover”), itself a compound of 足(あ) (a, “foot”) + 所(と) (to, “place”).

後三分で終了します。


常

常 (canonical)
jō (romanization)
zyau (romanization)
じやう (hiragana historical)

/d͡ʑau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/
From Middle Chinese 常 (MC dzyang).

(obsolete) always, constantly, consistently


昔

From Old Japanese. The muka portion derives from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”), implying “that which stands opposite from the present”. The shi portion is suffix し (shi) indicating direction, also found in words 縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”), 横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”). This appears to be a somewhat rare alternative form, more commonly encountered as さ (sa), and may be cognate with the nominalizing adjective ending さ (sa).

昔見た映画


極

ごく稀に

ごく普通

ごく限られた人


清

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).
Stem of 清か (sayaka, “bright, clear”).
Cognate with 冴える (saeru).


約

約一ヶ月

宇宙の直径は約 ９３０億光年だ。

９３０ きゅうひゃくさんじゅう

Uchū no chokkei wa yaku kyūhyakusanjū-oku kōnen da.

The diameter of the universe is some 93 billion light years.


等

ja-pos

等(とう) • (tō)

From Middle Chinese 等 (tong^X, “step, grade”), extended to mean ... kind of thing.


等

From earlier なんど (nando, “etc., and so forth, and such like”), from earlier 何と (nani to, “etc., and so forth, and such like”, literally “and what”), itself a compound of 何 (nani, “what”) + と (to, “and”).

魚や肉等

things like fish or meat, fish and meat et cetera / and other such things

et cetera, that kind of thing, and so on


等

From earlier 何と (nani to, “etc., and so forth, and such like”, literally “and what”), itself a compound of 何 (nani, “what”) + と (to, “and”).

(archaic, chiefly obsolete) et cetera, that kind of thing, and so on


豈

From Old Japanese. Since the Heian period, mostly used in 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku).

expresses a strong denial: not at all, not in the least


で

Originally a contraction of にて (nite), later treated as a conjugation of the copula だ (da).

で？

で？どうする？

で、オリンピックやめませんか？

(informal) indicating the following sentence is a consequence of something previously stated: and then; therefore


今年

Compound of 此(こ) (ko, “this”) + 年(とし) (toshi, “year”).
The use of the kanji 今 (“now”) instead of 此 (“this”) is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 今年 (jīnnián).


いと

父母「いとあやしき子なり。生ひいでんやうを見む」とて [...]

970–999, Utsubo Monogatari, page Toshikage:


現在

From the [http:／www.debian.org/intro/about.ja.html#what Debian とは一体何ですか?] ([http:, “WHAT is Debian?”) in the [http:／www.debian.org/intro/about.ja.html Debian について] ([http:, “About Debian”) homepage
Debianは、現在Linuxカーネルを利用しています。
Debianは、げんざいLinuxカーネルをりようしています。
Debianwa, genzai Linux kāneru o riyō shite imasu.
Debian is currently using the Linux kernel.


今朝

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 此 (ke, “this”) + 朝 (asa, “morning”).
The initial /ke/ is an alternative form of the initial /ko/ (此, “this”) seen in words such as ここ (koko, “this place → here”) or これ (kore, “this [nominal] → this”), and the final /sa/ is a contraction from */ke.asa/ to /kesa/ with the medial -a- falling out, as Old Japanese did not permit vowel clusters.
It is the same element found in 今日 (kepu→kyō, “today”).
The use of the kanji 今 (“now”) instead of 此 (“this”) is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).


こう

kō (romanization)
kau (romanization)
かう (hiragana historical)

/kaku/ → /kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
Shift from 斯(か)く (kaku).

私はこうだと思う。

こうやればよいのだ。

For a list of all kanji read as こう

This term, こう (kō), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.


かなり

可(か) (ka, “acceptable”) + なり (nari, “to be”, archaic).

ja-compound

かなり低い


一緒に

銀行へ一緒に行きませんか。

花子と一緒に映画を観に行った。

I went to see the movie together with Hanako.

一緒にやろうよ！


一応

temporarily, for the present, for the time being


まこと

From Old Japanese. Originally from 真 (ma-, “truth”) + こと (koto, “thing”).
First appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE in sense 2.

(dated) truly, really, absolutely, indeed


とても

とても楽しかったです。

とても残念です。

とても助かります。

とても愛されている

自分にはとてもできない仕事だ。

(before a negative form) not at all, at all, by no means


互いに

ja-pos

互(たが)いに • (tagai ni) ^(←たがひに (tagafini)?)

互いに (canonical)
tagai ni (romanization)
tagafini (romanization)
たがひに (hiragana historical)

互いにお辞儀する

mutually; reciprocally; with one another


がん

丸 元 岩 顔 岸 願 眼 含 玩 頑 雁 巌 翫 癌 贋

(The following entries are uncreated: 元, 眼, 含, 玩, 頑, 翫, 贋.)

ja-see-kango

がんと壁にぶつかった。

(onomatopoeia): evoking the sound made by a bell, or by striking an object: gong, clang, wham, conk, bang


ちん

亭 朕 珍 賃 陳 酖 鎮 鴆

(The following entries are uncreated: 賃, 酖, 鎮, 鴆.)


どう

First cited to 1604 in the Portuguese work Arte da Lingoa de Iapam.
The initial ど (do) may be cognate with the interrogative ど (do) seen in どれ (dore), どこ (doko), どち (dochi).
Alternatively, possibly from older form だう (dau), much like the shift from かう (kau) → こう (kō, “like this, this way”), or さう (sau) → そう (sō, “like that, that way”). This shift is apparently suggested in the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam entry of Dǒxô, presumably どうしよう (dō shiyō). However, the expected entries dǒ or dǒxô are missing from the 1603 Nippo Jisho.
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), using the corresponding Chinese term for the spelling and the underlying Japanese root word for the reading.

ja-r

どうしよう (dō shiyō)

どうやったの？

どうやってもできない

この後はどうする？

What will we do after this? / What do you want to do after this?

どうしよう！

どうしようもない

どうだ！

どうだろう。

計画がどうなっているのか知らない。

お茶、どう？

あなたはどうですか？

what about... (used to make a suggestion)


うん

Onomatopoeia of the grunting noise made when straining oneself in effort.
The prefix usage appears in the Kanto region during the Edo period.


もう

Historical kana orthography
Muromachi Period
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
もう

Derivation unknown. First attested in 1477, around the Muromachi Period.
Historical kana orthography shows that this was originally まう (mau), and Portuguese sources from the late 1500s and early 1600s record this as ⟨mǒ⟩, indicating a pronunciation of /mɔː/ as part of the regular sound shift from /au/ to /oː/.
The initial ma is speculatively connected to 今 (ima, ma, “now”).

彼はもうここに来ている。

もう子供ではない。

Fist of the North Star
お前はもう死んでいる。
Omae wa mō shinde iru.
You are already dead.

already (having reached a certain situation or finished a certain action)

これはもう疑う余地のない事実だ。

Kore wa mō utagau yochi no nai jijitsu da.

Used to strengthen one's judgment or emotions; compare English already

９時ですからもう失礼します。

It's nine o'clock so I must leave shortly.

already the time to do so; shortly, soon

もう一杯ください。

2005, ラーメンズ (Rāmenzu) [Rahmens], 不思議の国のニポン (Fushigi no kuni no Nipon), in ALICE (ALICE) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enoUCj-WNCI
北海道。住人の半分がクマ。もう半分がカニ。
Hokkaidō. Jūnin no hanbun ga kuma. Mō hanbun ga kani.
Hokkaido. Half of its residents are bears. The other half are crabs.

私はもう歩けない。

もうしませんから許してください。

(chiefly in the negative) any more, again


時々

Reduplication (with rendaku) of 時 (toki, “time”).

私は時々テニスをします。


一意専心

一意専心 (canonical)
ichiisenshin (romanization)

[it͡ɕiːsẽ̞ɰ̃ɕĩɴ]

With your heart and soul. To do something with all of your possible effort.


なく

Regular adverbial form of ない (nai), when used as either a verb suffix or as the plain negative of the copula だ (da).

adverbial or continuative form of ない (nai)


ようこそ

/joku koso/ → /jou koso/ → /joːkoso/. From the adverb 良く (yoku, “well”) and the emphatic particle こそ (koso). The medial -k- was elided and the resulting -ou- monophthongized into a long vowel (ウ音便 (u-onbin, “u-euphony”)).

日本へようこそ！

地球へようこそ！

私たちの家へようこそ。

welcome (greeting given upon someone's arrival)


余り

余り (canonical)
余り (canonical)
amari (romanization)
anmari (romanization)

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 余る (amaru, “to be left over, to be in excess”). Appears in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Also encountered with geminate reading あんまり (anmari) as an emphatic form for the adjective and adverb uses. This form appears in the 1400s.

西村さんは朝ご飯をあまり食べません。

Nishimura-san wa asagohan o amari tabemasen.

Nishimura does not eat breakfast very often.

見た目はあんまりですが、 […]

The appearance is not very [impressive], but […]

2009, けいおん！
「あんまりうまくないですね！」
“Anmari umakunai desu ne!”
"You guys are not very good, are you?"

時々

[[sometimes]], [[at times]], [[occasionally]]

(chiefly in the negative) often, much, excessively


凄く

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 凄(すご)い (sugoi).


ずい

Unknown. Possibly from 髄 (zui, “bone marrow”); compare the sense development that led to the senses “something straight; an exact direction, an immediate area” for reading 髄 (zun).
First appears in the early 1500s.

straightforwardly, wholeheartedly, unreservedly, directly, immediately, all at once, in one go


ああ

Duplication of distal demonstrative pronoun あ (a, “that, yon”).


くらい

kurai (romanization)
kurawi (romanization)
くらゐ (hiragana historical)

/kurawi/ → /kurai/
Originally a compound of 座 (kura, “seat, where something is placed”) + 居 (wi, “being, existing in a place”), literally referring to "where one is", and by extension, "status, rank, position; degree". Appears from at least as early as The Tale of Genji (prior to 1021 CE).

affix

新宿はどれくらい遠いですか。

十分ぐらい掛かる。

今回くらいは頑張ろうかな。

Maybe I should put in the effort at least once (this time).

これくらいは大丈夫だろう。

I imagine that you won't have difficulties with this much.

いるだろ、好きな人くらい。


さっさと

さっさと来い！


つい

Possibly related to 付き (tsuki) , with a semantic transition of “to attach” to “near”.

just now without thinking / subconsciously


はた

はたとひざを打つ

slap one's knee suddenly (in realization)

abruptly, recklessly (of hitting or striking an object)

はたと答弁に詰まる

suddenly, abruptly, unexpectedly (of change in movement or situation)

はたとにらみつける


ばち

ばち (canonical)
バチ (canonical)
bachi (romanization)

ばちかっこいい


いくら

これはいくらですか。

いくらでも取ってください。

いくら勉強してもまだ難しい。

However hard I study it, it is still difficult.

いくら欠点があっても愛している。

Even with all her faults, I still love her.

no matter how much (many), however much, with all (something)


また

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *mata. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.

またやったか？

また連絡します。


いつも

From いつ (itsu, “when”) + も (mo, “even, also”).


すなわち

sunawachi (romanization)
sunafati (romanization)
すなはち (hiragana historical)


一番

→ Chinese: 一級棒／一级棒 (yījíbàng)

一番美しい

一番速い

一番上の引き出し

一番いい先生

動詞は一番最後にくる。


一番

一番 (canonical)
一番 (canonical)
ibban (romanization)

Dialectal variation of standard Japanese ichiban.

1984 November 15, Motoka Murakami, “鹿(カ)児(ゴ)島(ンマ)の猛(も)者(さ)たちの巻(まき) [The He-Men of Kagoshima]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 17 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 18:

Awrite den, Natsuki!! Ah’ll be yer first opponent!!

ほんなら夏木ー‼まず一番にオイと勝負じゃっ‼

Hon nara Natsukī‼ Mazu ibban ni oi to shōbu ja'‼

In that case, Natsuki‼ Settle with me first!!

ほんなら夏木ー‼まず一番にオイと勝負じゃっ‼


ますます

ますます怪しい！


且つ

Its Heian Kyoto accent pattern LF implies this is the same as 終(しゅう)止(し)形(けい) (shūshikei, “conclusive form”) of the verb 勝(か)つ (katsu, “to win”), which has low tone L-. Note the existence of Classical Japanese かつ (katsu, “to be bearable”), homophone of its classical potential form which might have the sense "capable of opposing". Possibly related to 片(かた) (kata, “one of a pair”).

ja-r

簡単に且つ効果的にできるから。

Kantan ni katsu kōkateki ni dekiru kara.

Because it can be done simply and effectively.

Classical Japanese
Heian period
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten


尚且つ

ja-pos

尚(なお)且(か)つ • (naokatsu) ^(←なほかつ (nafokatu)?)

尚且つ (canonical)
naokatsu (romanization)
nafokatu (romanization)
なほかつ (hiragana historical)


かつて

私はかつてアイスランドに住んだことがある。

Watashi wa katsute Aisurando ni sunda koto ga aru.

かつてのよう。

かつての友との再会。

A reunion with someone who was once a friend.

京都はかつて日本の首都でした。

Kyōto wa katsute Nippon no shuto deshita.


スポンジが水を吸うように

スポンジ が みず を すう よう に

スポンジが水を吸うように

スポンジが水(みず)を吸(す)うように • (suponji ga mizu o sū yō ni)

スポンジが水を吸うように (canonical)
suponji ga mizu o sū yō ni (romanization)

Literally "like a sponge absorbs water".

absorbing (knowledge) very quickly and naturally


大勢

大勢 (canonical)
ōzei (romanization)
ofozei (romanization)
おほぜい (hiragana historical)

Likely a shift in reading of taizei below, adopting the native-Japanese kun'yomi of ō for the first character.

ツーリストが門の前に大勢集まる

tsūrisuto ga mon no mae ni ōzei atsumaru

the tourists gather in a crowd in front of the gate


より

Calque of European grammatical constructions such as English more, leveraging the from, beyond, past sense of the particle.

より綺麗な環境

2019 August 4, QuizKnock [QuizKnock], 最弱オセロAIが弱過ぎて絶対勝っちゃうww本気で負けてみた [The weakest Othello AI is so weak that you're guaranteed to win! So we tried to lose]:

より勝っちゃった。


にゃあ

にゃあ or ニャー • (nyā)

にゃあ (canonical)
ニャー (canonical)
nyā (romanization)


ばかり

Shift from noun 計り, 測り, 量り (hakari, “measurement, amount, full amount”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 計る, 測る, 量る (hakaru, “to measure, to weigh, to calculate”). The meaning seems to have shifted from amount to fully, and from there to just or only.

謎は深まるばかりだ。

今回ばかりはよくやった。


ぜえぜえ

ぜえぜえ or ゼーゼー • (zēzē)

ぜえぜえ (canonical)
ゼーゼー (canonical)
zēzē (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) wheezing, gasping (the sound of breathing when a person is exhausted)


ぐう

ぐう or グー • (gū)

ぐう (canonical)
グー (canonical)
gū (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) growl, rumble (the sound of stomach rumble)


至急

至急お返事をお願いします。


きっと

きっと (canonical)
キット (canonical)
kitto (romanization)

きっと事故でも起こったんだろう。

私は彼をきっとにらみつけた。


本日

[hõ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑit͡sɨ]


先々週

先々週 (canonical)
sensenshū (romanization)


初めて

彼は初めてアメリカに来た。

親が死んで、初めてそのありがたさがわかった。

Oya ga shinde, hajimete sono arigatasa ga wakatta.

Only after my parents died did I realize how grateful I was.

reaching a state after a certain experience; at last, finally


初めて

1984 February 15, Motoka Murakami, “修(しゅ)羅(ら)の涙(なみだ)、六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の涙(なみだ)の巻(まき) [Shura’s Tears, Musashi’s Tears]”, in 六(ム)三(サ)四(シ)の剣(けん) [Musashi’s Sword], volume 13 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 54:

Ah’ve done it… Ah’ve finally beaten Shura!

勝った……はずめて修羅に勝った！

I’ve won… I’ve won over Shura for the first time!


なんて

Daijirin
Daijisen
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
ja:松村明

Sources describe this as a sound shift from the phrase 何と言う (nan to iu, compare English constructions whatever kind of; what a ..., literally “what's it called; what a ...”). There is evidence of a form nantē, suggesting a fusion of vowel sounds, where the phonetic development may have proceeded as follows:
/nan to iu/ → /nantɔiu/ → /nantee/ → /nante/

なんて美しい美女だな。

なんてことない

ね、昨日お前なんて言ってたんだっけ。

Hey, what was it you were saying yesterday?

これなんて読む？

How do you say this? (in the sense "How do you read this?)"

これって何て名前？


勿論

[mo̞t͡ɕiɾõ̞ɴ]

From Literary Chinese 勿論 (wùlùn, literally “do not discuss”). Compare English go without saying.

der

勿論、戦争には反対だ。

勿論だよ！

勿論、いいですよ。

2010 October 24, Tsutsui, Taishi, “第21幕 無常の風 [Act 21: Uneasy Wind]”, in エスプリト [Esprit], volume 6 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, →ISBN, pages 133-135:

勿論ですよ

勿論ですよ


しっかり

fast (in a firm or secure manner), tightly

surely, unwaveringly, steadily, reliably


そろそろ

そろそろ行きますか？

もうこんな時間！そろそろ行かなきゃ。

Will you look at the time! I've got to get going.


最早

now; already; (with negative verbs) no longer


パリ

(onomatopoeia) cracklingly, crinklingly, crunchingly


全部

仕事が全部終わった。


打成一片

打成一片 (canonical)
tajōippen (romanization)

[ta̠ʑo̞ːip̚pẽ̞ɴ]


ワンワン

ワンワン (canonical)
わんわん (canonical)
wanwan (romanization)

[β̞ã̠ɰ̃β̞ã̠ɴ]

Onomatopoeia, reduplication of ワン (wan).

(onomatopoeia) the sound of a dog barking: bow-wow

(onomatopoeia) the sound of crying loudly: waa waa


如何

Daijirin
Kokin Wakashū
Man'yōshū
The Tale of the Heike

/ika ni ka/ → */ikanka/ → /ikanɡa/ → /ikaɡa/
Originally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle) + か (ka, question marker particle).
The uncontracted form ika ni ka appears in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The fully contracted form ikaga is first cited to the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905 CE, with evidence of a partially contracted form ikanga in The Tale of the Heike of roughly 1330.

compound

お茶はいかがでしょうか。

what about... (used to make a suggestion)


如何

/ika ni/ → /ikan/
Originally a phrase consisting of 如何 (ika, “what kind”) + に (ni, adverbial particle), the normal adverbial form of adjective ika above.
The uncontracted form ika ni appears as an adverb in the Man'yōshū completed in 759 CE. The contracted form ikan is first cited to the early 1100s.


やっぱり

やっぱり田中さんは来なかった。

やっぱり人間っていうのは弱いな。

All human beings are weak as I expected.

(emphatic) Alternative form of やはり (yahari)


ゆっくり

[jɯ̟k̚kɯ̟ɾʲi]

母はゆっくり話します。

もっとゆっくり言ってください。

トムはゆっくり歩きます。

ゆっくりしていってね！！！

slowly; at ease, without rushing, restfully


ぜひとも

是非とも, 是非共: by all means (with the sense of not taking "no" for an answer)


是非共

by all means (with the sense of not taking "no" for an answer)


是非とも

是非とも (canonical)
zehitomo (romanization)

是非ともお願いいたします。


常に

Compound of Old Japanese 常 (tsune, “constancy, permanence, forever”) + に (ni, adverbial particle).


少々

ja-pos

少(しょう)々(しょう) • (shōshō) ^(←せうせう (seuseu)?)

少々 (canonical)
shōshō (romanization)
seuseu (romanization)
せうせう (hiragana historical)


どこ

⟨iduku⟩ → /id͡zuku/ → /id͡zuko/ → /idoko/ → /doko/
Shift from earlier いどこ (idoko) and いずこ (izuko), ultimately from Old Japanese-derived いずく (izuku) of the same meaning; by analogy of pronouns ここ (koko) and そこ (soko) having two morae in length, therefore the drop of the initial i-.
Compare the shift of いずち (izuchi) → どちら (dochira).


勝手に

パソコンが勝手に再起動する現象

the phenomenon of one's computer rebooting at will

selfishly; for one's convenience; wilfully, as one pleases

怖かった、ドアが勝手に開いたんだ！

I was so scared. The door opened on its own!

(especially in terms of inanimate objects) on one's own, by oneself; done in a way that does not require the assistance of another (person or thing)


毎日

毎(まい)日(にち) or 毎(まい)日(じつ) • (mainichi or maijitsu)

毎日 (canonical)
毎日 (canonical)
mainichi (romanization)
maijitsu (romanization)

毎 (mai-, “each; every”) + 日 (nichi, jitsu, “day”)

pre

彼は殆ど毎日ここへ来る。

毎日行く。

犬に毎日餌を上げて下さい。

1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “未(み)来(らい)ドロボウ [The Future Thief]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 120:

What does the future have in store for him… That is yet to be determined…, one thing for certain though, from now on…, he will treasure every single day of his life.

あの子の未来がどうなるか…………それはわからないが………、ただひとついえることは、これからの毎日を……、一日一日たいせつに、生きていってくれるだろうということ

Ano ko no mirai ga dō naru ka………… Sore wa wakaranai ga………, tada hitotsu ieru koto wa, kore kara no mainichi o……, ichinichi ichinichi taisetsu ni, ikiteitte kureru darō to iu koto


早速

ja-pos

早(さっ)速(そく) • (sassoku) ^(←さつそく (satusoku)?)

早速 (canonical)
sassoku (romanization)
satusoku (romanization)
さつそく (hiragana historical)


偶然

昔の彼女に偶然出会った。


呵呵

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 呵呵 (MC xa xa).
First cited to a text from roughly 900 CE.


もし

From Old Japanese; attested in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *məsi.

もし来られたら来なさい。


ただ

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.

只見ているだけです。


幸い

幸い (canonical)
saiwai (romanization)
saifafi (romanization)
さいはひ (hiragana historical)

/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwawi/ → /sakiwai/ → /saiwai/
Derived from sakiwai below.
More often spelled as 幸い with the final い to indicate the reading.

幸、怪我人はでなかった。


全然

[d͡zẽ̞nd͡zẽ̞ɴ]

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 全然 (quánrán) in the early 1800s from 白話小説 (hakuwa shōsetsu, literally “white-speech novels”), a genre using more colloquial styles, initially with furigana indicating a reading of まったく (mattaku, “completely”).
First cited to a text from 1823, with the ぜんぜん (zenzen) reading became more common starting from the late 1890s.

obor

私は料理など全然しない。自信がないからね。

Watashi wa ryōri nado zenzen shinai. Jishin ga nai kara ne.

I don't cook at all, since I lack the confidence.

「わかった？」 「いや、全然。」

2009 March 9, Tsugumi Ohba with Obata, Takeshi, “12(じゅうに)ページ 10(じゅう)と２(に) [Page 12: 10 and 2]”, in BAKUMAN(バクマン)。 [Bakuman.], volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

全然

全然

全然違う話

(colloquial) totally, completely (with affirmative verb)


ちかっぱい

Probably equivalent to standard Japanese 力(ちから) (chikara, “strength”) + いっぱい (ippai, “full”), "full strength" or "full of strength."

「ちかっぱい腹が減ったけん、ラーメン食べろや！」
「ああ、よかね、その角のラーメン屋で食べろか？」
「まじで？そこのラーメン屋うまいと？」
「ちかっぱいうまいばい！」

“Chikappai hara ga hetta ken, rāmen tabero ya!”
“Ā, yokane, sono kado no rāmen-ya de tabero ka?”
“Maji de? Soko no rāmen-ya umai to?”
“Chikappai umai bai!”

―"I'm absolutely starving, lets go get some ramen."
―"That sounds good, how about that ramen shop around the corner?"
―"Really? Is it good there?"
―"Super-delicious!"


ばってん

From archaic ばてとも (ba-tetomo), which came to Kyūshū from Kyoto.

「今日飲み行かんね。」「…ばってん、明日仕事たい。」

“Kyō nomi ikan ne.”“…Batten, ashita shigoto tai.”

"Let's go drinking." "But, (we) have work tomorrow.

「今日は飲みに行きましょう。」「…でも、明日は仕事です。」 (standard Japanese)

(Kyūshū) (connecting adverb) but, however


最初

最 (sai-, “most”) + 初 (sho, “new, first”)


全て

Originally the -te conjunctive form of Old Japanese verb 統ぶ (subu); compare modern 統べる (suberu, “to gather many things together; to treat many things as a single group”).

見たことを全て話す

では、私の方で御尋ねすることは全て終りましてございます。

1947, 海野十三, 断層顔

My inquiries are hereby entirely concluded.

De wa, watashi no hō de o-tazune suru koto wa subete owarimashite gozaimasu.


同じく

Classical adverbial form of 同(おな)じ (onaji, adjective).


確か

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Derived from the tashi- element seen in たしに (tashi ni, “sufficiently; firmly; surely”) and たしない (tashinai, “difficult, agonizing; poor, lacking”) + adjective-forming suffix か (-ka).

ja-r

確か、ここに来たことがある。

I'm pretty sure that I've come here before.

if I remember correctly, in my memory, probably but not totally sure


中々

なかなか難しい

なかなかの結果

なかなかできない

くだらないから、すぐ寝たが、なかなか寝られない。

Kudaranai kara, sugu neta ga, nakanaka nerarenai.

There was nothing doing, so I went to bed, but could not sleep.


少し

From Old Japanese. Possibly related to 少ない (sukunai). Possibly cognate with the ku part in 幾 (iku).


十分

ja-pos

十(じゅう)分(ぶん) • (jūbun) ^(←じふぶん (zifubun)?)

十分 (canonical)
jūbun (romanization)
zifubun (romanization)
じふぶん (hiragana historical)

[d͡ʑɨːbɯ̟̃ɴ]


ちょっと

ちょっと or チョット or チョッと • (chotto)

ちょっと (canonical)
チョット (canonical)
チョッと (canonical)
chotto (romanization)

From ちっと (chitto), itself a geminated emphatic form of ちと (chito), originally composed of ち (chi, “small”, not used in isolation; cognate with the chi in 小さい chīsai) + と (to, adverbial particle).

ja-compound

not used in isolation; cognate with the chi in <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">小さい</i> chīsai

ちょっと待ってね。

ちょっと無理

ちょっといい？

「お茶とか飲みましょう。」「ちょっと……」

"Let's go have tea or something." "well..."


特別に

特別に (canonical)
tokubetsuni (romanization)

特別: specially, particularly, exceptionally


一生懸命

ja-pos

一(いっ)生(しょう)懸(けん)命(めい) • (isshōkenmei) ^(←いつしやうけんめい (itusyaukenmei)?)

一生懸命 (canonical)
isshōkenmei (romanization)
itusyaukenmei (romanization)
いつしやうけんめい (hiragana historical)

[iɕːo̞ːkẽ̞mːe̞ː]

Yojijukugo (四字熟語), from 一所懸命(いっしょけんめい) (isshokenmei), which referred to samurais risking their life to defend the territory inherited from ancestors.

一生懸命頑張る

for dear life; as hard as one can; to the best of one's ability


到底

1908, Natsume Sōseki, Yume Jūya [Ten Nights of Dreaming]:

It didn't appear possible that [she] was about to die.

とうてい死にそうには見えない。

absolutely, (with negative verb) possibly (as in "couldn't possibly"), utterly


必ず

新たに沐する者は必ず冠を弾く

arata ni moku suru mono wa kanarazu kanmuri o hajiku

高きに登るは必ず低きよりす

takaki ni noboru wa kanarazu hikuki yori su

遠き慮りなければ必ず近き憂いあり

tōki omonpakari-nakereba kanarazu chikaki urei ari

遠きに行くには必ず邇きよりす

tōki ni iku ni wa kanarazu chikaki yori su

人必ず自ら侮りて然る後に人これを侮る

hito kanarazu mizukara anadorite shikaru nochi ni hito kore o anadoru

人に勝たんと欲する者は必ず先ず自ら勝つ

hito ni katan to hossuru mono wa kanarazu mazu mizukara katsu

人を愛し人を利する者は天必ず之に福す

hito o aishi hito o risuru mono wa ten kanarazu kore ni saiwai su

/kari narazu/ → /karunarazu/ → /kanːarazu/ → /kanarazu/
Shift from 仮(かり)ならず (kari narazu), itself from 仮 (kari, “temporary”) + ならず (narazu, “not becoming”), the negative continuative form of なる (naru, “to become”).

サヌアにて我々は、「夜は必ず明ける」と唱える学生らの声を聞いた。

Sanua nite wareware wa, “yoru wa kanarazu akeru” to tonaeru gakusei-ra no koe o kiita.

In Sanaa, we heard the students who chanted, "The night must come to an end."

absolutely, categorically, certainly, definitely, surely

inevitably, invariably, without fail, necessarily, always


何も

何も (canonical)
何も (canonical)
nani mo (romanization)
nan mo (romanization)

あそこには何もありません。


どうせ

どうせ • (dōse)

Compound of どう (dō, “how”) + せ (se, clipping of せよ (seyo), the imperative form of する (suru, “do”)).

compound

どうせ私は何もできないし

どうせ俺は負け犬さ


極めて

ja-pos

極(きわ)めて • (kiwamete) ^(←きはめて (kifamete)?)

極めて (canonical)
kiwamete (romanization)
kifamete (romanization)
きはめて (hiragana historical)


とんと

completely (with a positive verb); not at all (with a negative verb)


最も

例の美しい小僧が最も忙しく最も収入の多い時だそうです。

1904, 河口慧海, チベット旅行記

It's apparently when that handsome youngster is the most busy and has the largest earnings.

Rei no utsukushii kozō ga mottomo isogashiku mottomo shūnyū no ōi toki da sō desu.

尤も

although; plausible, natural; naturally, for good reason


二度と

二度と会いたくない人


ふと

ふと思い出す


再び

Compound of 二 (futa, “two”) + 度 (-tabi, counter for times).
The okurigana び (bi) is used to indicate the reading.

compound

火山が再び活動を始めた

二度あることは三度ある。

An event which occurs two times will become three times.


決まって

The -te or conjunctive form of verb 決まる (kimaru, “to be decided, to be concluded”).


つるつる

つるつる (canonical)
ツルツル (canonical)
tsurutsuru (romanization)


まるで

まるで夢を見ているようだ。

まるで煉獄。

2003, Enrico Maxwell: page 76 in Chapter 42 ("Aubird Force") of Hellsing volume 6

entirely, quite; completely; just like, so to speak, as though, as if


無暗に

無暗に (canonical)
muyami ni (romanization)


一人

From Old Japanese.
Derived from 一 (hito, “one, 1”) + 人 (-ri, counter for persons).
Compare Old Japanese 一人 (pi₁dari → hidari).

suffix

alone, automatically, by itself, naturally


強か

Compound of したた (shitata, “firm?, strong?”, only found in Old Japanese contexts) + か (-ka, -na adjective-forming suffix).
Appears in texts from the late 900s.


ぐるぐる

ぐるぐる (canonical)
グルグル (canonical)
guruguru (romanization)

[ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɡɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

This term is part of of a cluster of terms derived from root ぐる (guru, “turning? spinning? going around in a circle?”).
* ぐるり (gururi, adverb), attested from 1603
* ぐるぐる (guruguru, adverb), attested from 1625
* ぐる (guru, noun), attested from 1692
* ぐるっと (gurutto, adverb), attested from 1907
This term guruguru could be analyzed as a reduplication of ぐる (guru), or as a shift from くるくる (kurukuru). Japanese adverbs with voiced initial consonants usually refer to softer, heavier, or slower action than counterparts with unvoiced initial consonants.

ぐるぐる回る

turning round and round; whirling; spinning


やはり

やはり女がいた。

after all (is said and done)
when all is said and done

as I thought, as expected; also; still; after all (is said and done)


そうこう

sō-kō (romanization)
saukau (romanization)
さうかう (hiragana historical)

From そう (sō, “that way”) + こう (kō, “this way”).

ja-compound

そうこうしているうちに


ぴかぴか

ぴかぴか (canonical)
ピカピカ (canonical)
pikapika (romanization)

desc

→⇒ Korean: 삐까삐까 (ppikkappikka, “equally matched, nip and tuck”)

/fikafika/ → /pikapika/
First attested as ひかひか (fikafika) in the 1595 Dictionarivm Latino Lvsitanicvm, ac Iaponicvm (“Dictionary from Latin into Portuguese, and Japanese”).
Reduplication of the ひか (hika-) root of Old Japanese-derived verb 光る (hikaru, “to shine, to gleam”), which root is from Proto-Japonic *pika. See also *pikaru.
As part of the Late Middle Japanese reintroduction of /p/ as a phoneme, particularly among mimetic words and in some Sino-Japanese compounds, this word regained its original /p/ sound that had by then shifted to /ɸ/.


爾来

From 爾(じ) (ji, “that”) + 来(らい) (rai, “since, as of, from”).

ja-com

from that time on, ever since, since then, after that


のみ

⟨no₂mi₂⟩ → */nəmɨ/ → /nomi/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.
Possibly a compound of の (no, “case particle”) + 身 (mi, “body”).

人はパンのみにて生くる者に非ず

hito wa pan nomi ni te ikuru mono ni arazu


別に

別 (betsu, “separate”) + に (ni, particle), literally separately, used idiomatically to mean something closer to especially. Compare Korean 별로 (byeollo).

別に悪くない。

別にいいじゃん。


さっき

(colloquial) Synonym of 先ほど (sakihodo)
a little time ago

(colloquial) Synonym of 先ほど (sakihodo)
some time ago

父はさっき家に帰ってきた。

(colloquial) Synonym of 先ほど (sakihodo)
just now


可惜

可惜 (canonical)
可惜 (canonical)
atara (romanization)
attara (romanization)

From 可惜し (atarashi, “regrettable; tragic; precious”).

(archaic) regrettably; to my great regret


当日

on the day (in the future, or the past, when a plan or the experience was told)


堂堂

堂堂 (canonical)
dōdō (romanization)
daudau (romanization)
だうだう (hiragana historical)

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 堂堂 (MC dang dang). First cited in Japanese in the late 1100s.

その老人は堂々とした顔つきをしていた。

Sono rōjin wa dōdō to shita kaotsuki o shite ita.

彼はその式典で堂々と振る舞った。

Kare wa sono shikiten de dōdō to furumatta.

堂々としなさい。

magnificently, grandly, boldly, impressively, majesticly, imposingly, in a dignified or stately manner

proudly, fairly, squarely, openly, unreservedly, without apology, without hesitation, hiding nothing


以後

以 (i-, “from... and”) + 後 (go, “behind; after”)

pre

以後気をつけます。

1988 July 30 [1983 December 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “コマーさる [Monketing]”, in ひとりぼっちの宇宙戦争 [The One-Man Cosmic War] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 1), 16th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 53:

I saw a UFO that day. That monkey was no longer there when I got home. I never saw him again.

ＵＦＯをみた。家に帰るとさるがいなかった。その以後さるをみかけたことはない。

Yūfō o mita. Ie ni kaeru to saru ga inakatta. Sono igo saru o mikaketa koto wa nai.

1988 July 30 [1984 July 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, “ポストの中(なか)の明(あ)日(す) [Post-Mid-Tomorrow]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), 10th edition, volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 39:

From that day on, I never foresaw tomorrow again.

この日以後、ぼくはあすをみていない。


畢竟

ja-pos

畢(ひっ)竟(きょう) • (hikkyō) ^(←ひつきやう (fitukyau)?)

畢竟 (canonical)
hikkyō (romanization)
fitukyau (romanization)
ひつきやう (hiragana historical)

[çik̚ʲkʲo̞ː]


どうぞ

どうぞ • (dōzo)

From どう (dō, “how, anyhow”) + ぞ (zo, emphatic particle).

ja-compound

どうぞ大学に入れますように

どうぞして産みの母にめぐりあいたい

I hope to find my birth mother some day.

(used to express one's strong desire for something) no matter how; by all means; seriously (often untranslatable)

どうぞご堪能ください

(used when offering something or permissions) please (go ahead); help yourself; certainly you may; here you are


すべすべ

Reduplication of 滑 (sube, “sliding, slipping”)


多く

多く (canonical)
ōku (romanization)
ofoku (romanization)
おほく (hiragana historical)


自ら

ja-pos

自(みずか)ら • (mizukara) ^(←みづから (midukara)?)

自ら (canonical)
mizukara (romanization)
midukara (romanization)
みづから (hiragana historical)

自ら直きの箭を恃まば百世矢無からん

mizukara naoki no ya o tanomaba hyakusei ya nakaran

天の作せる孽は猶違くべし、自ら作せる孽は逭るべからず

ten no naseru wazawai wa naosakubeshi, mizukara naseru wazawai wa nogarubekarazu

虎を養いて自ら患いを遺す

tora o yashinaite mizukara urei o nokosu

⟨mi₂ tu kara⟩ → */mʷɨdukara/ → /mid͡zukara/ → /mizukara/
Originally a compound of 身 (mi, “body”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 柄 (kara, “quality, characteristic → by itself”).
The okurigana ら (ra) is used to indicate the reading.


一切

From Middle Chinese compound 一切 (MC 'jit tshejH). Compare modern Mandarin 一切 (yīqiè).
The goon reading, so likely the earlier import.

こんな浮気は一切許さないわ。

I won't stand for this kind of infidelity at all.


一切

From Middle Chinese compound 一切 (MC 'jit tshet). The kan'on reading, so likely the later import.
Appears to be less common than the issai reading.


一切

Compound of 一 (hito, “one”) + 切り (kiri, “cut, cutting”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 切る kiru, “to cut”).

the <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 切る kiru, “to cut”

一切やったことなんだけど…


徐徐

徐徐 (canonical)
jojo (romanization)
dyodyo (romanization)
ぢょぢょ (hiragana historical)


コロン

Onomatopoeic ideophone, representing manner rather than sound. Compare ゴロゴロ (gorogoro, “rolling”).

2017, Shufu no tomo [housewife’s friend], 0~6-sai kodomo ga sugu ni suton! to nemureru hon [Make 0–6 year old children fall asleep thud!], page 68:

「おやすみしたよね」と言うと、自分からコロンとするように

“Oyasumi shita yone” to iu to, jibun kara koron to suru yō ni

If you say “We’re sleepy, aren’t we,” on their own like whump they'll go


少しずつ

少しずつ (canonical)
sukoshizutsu (romanization)


うら悲しく

うら悲しく (canonical)
uraganashiku (romanization)


楽しく

楽しく (canonical)
tanoshiku (romanization)


幾久しく

幾久しく (canonical)
ikuhisashiku (romanization)


じっくり

carefully; deliberately (slowly and carefully)


たまに

tama ni (romanization)
tamani (romanization)
たまに (hiragana historical)

たまにはいいんじゃない？

once in a while, occasionally, now and then


一体

一体どうなっているか？

on earth, the heck, in the world (used for emphasis and to express incredulity)


二六時中

二六時中 (canonical)
nirokujichū (romanization)


とっても

(before a negative form) not at all, at all, by no means


早々

早々 (canonical)
hayabaya (romanization)
早々 (canonical)
sōsō (romanization)
sausau (romanization)
さうさう (hiragana historical)

so early; occurring much earlier than usual


先ず

先ず (canonical)
mazu (romanization)
madu (romanization)
まづ (hiragana historical)

そう？先ずメイド服の色が違うし…

Sō? Mazu meido-fuku no iro ga chigau shi…

Really? First the color of the maid costume was different...

(with a negative verb) hardly; not really


予め

予め準備をしておく

in advance, beforehand, previously, in anticipation


前以て

ja-pos

前(まえ)以(もっ)て • (maemotte) ^(←まへもつて (mafemotute)?)

前以て (canonical)
maemotte (romanization)
mafemotute (romanization)
まへもつて (hiragana historical)

前以て旅行の計画を立てる。


年久しく

年久しく (canonical)
toshihisashiku (romanization)


歳々年々

歳々年々 (canonical)
saisainennen (romanization)


いく日もいく日も

いく にち も いく にち も

いく日(にち)もいく日(にち)も • (iku nichi mo iku nichi mo)

いく日もいく日も (canonical)
iku nichi mo iku nichi mo (romanization)

幾日も幾日も 幾日も幾日も#Japanese


あくまでも

あくまでも • (aku made mo) ^(←あくまでも (aku made mo)?)

あくまでもフィクションです。


面目躍如

面目躍如 (canonical)
menmokuyakujo (romanization)


次第次第に

次第次第に (canonical)
shidaishidaini (romanization)


年百年中

年(ねん)百(びゃく)年(ねん)中(じゅう) • (nenbyaku nenjū) ^(←ねんびやくねんぢゆう (nenbyaku nendyuu)?)

年百年中 (canonical)
nenbyaku nenjū (romanization)
nenbyaku nendyuu (romanization)
ねんびやくねんぢゆう (hiragana historical)

[néꜜǹbyàkù néꜜǹjùù]

[nẽ̞mbʲa̠kɯ̟ nẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]


楽々

[ɾa̠kɯ̟ɾa̠kɯ̟]


四六時中

四六時中 (canonical)
shirokujichū (romanization)

From older 二(に)六(ろく)時(じ)中(ちゅう) (nirokujichū, literally “2×6 hours [a day]”), with 二(に)六(ろく) (niroku, “two [times] six”) replaced with 四(し)六(ろく) (shiroku, “four [times] six”) to reflect the change from traditional Japanese timekeeping, with twelve hours a day divided into two groups of six, to modern, Western-derived timekeeping, with 24 hours for each day.

ja-r

い・い・許婚(いいなず)っきゅん I Love Youなのだ
四六時中 愛をちょうだい

2024, あの [Ano] (lyrics and music), “許婚っきゅん [Iinazukkyun]”:

My, my fiancé-kyun, I love you
Give me your love, all day, every day


小刻みに

小刻みに (canonical)
kokizami ni (romanization)

From 小 (ko, "small," "little") + 刻み (kizami, nominative form of 刻む, "cut fine," "engrave") + に. Literally "in little cuts."

mincing, bit by bit, little by little, piecemeal


沢山

[ta̠kɯ̟̊sã̠ɴ]

First appears in The Tale of the Heike (c. late 12th century).
Origin unknown, kanji spelling appears to be phonetic ateji (当て字)


久しく

久しく (canonical)
hisashiku (romanization)

久しく会わなかった人に会うためにここに来ました。

Hisashiku awanakatta hito ni au tame ni koko ni kimashita.

I came here in order to meet a person that I hadn't met for a long time.


全く

座る所が全く無い。

結果は想像していたものと全く違った。

Kekka wa sōzō shite ita mono to mattaku chigatta.

The results were completely different from what I had imagined.

まったく不思議な出来事だった。


実質

実質パワハラ


実際

非実際的

非実際的 ひじっさいてき

実際問題

実際問題 じっさいもんだい


ぺらぺら

ぺらぺら (canonical)
ペラペラ (canonical)
perapera (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) speak easily, fluently, in one's native language or in a foreign language

ページをぺらぺらとめくる

flipping through pages one after another

(onomatopoeia) (sound produced from) flipping of pages

あることないことをぺらぺらしゃべる

(onomatopoeia) incessantly (speaking); glibly; garrulously; volubly


通常

ja-pos

通(つう)常(じょう) • (tsūjō) ^(←つうじやう (tuuzyau)?)

通常 (canonical)
tsūjō (romanization)
tuuzyau (romanization)
つうじやう (hiragana historical)


たちまち

Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshū of 759.
Apparently a shift from 立ち待ち (tachimachi, “standing and waiting”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of compound verb 立ち待つ (tachimatsu, “to wait while standing”), probably from the idea of being at the ready. In older texts, this was always followed by the adverbial particle に (ni) for all senses.

2016, 24:31 from the start, in Sanada Maru, episode 2:

痛むところに貼っておくだけで、たちまち治ります

itamu tokoro ni hatteoku dake de, tachimachi naorimasu

If you simply put it (the patch) on places where it hurts, it will heal instantly.

at once, in no time at all, in a moment, in a twinkling, immediately, suddenly, all at once, right away

(often followed by adverbial particle に (ni)) actually, really, truly, genuinely


昨年

[sa̠kɯ̟nẽ̞ɴ]


ばり

ばり (canonical)
バリ (canonical)
bari (romanization)

ばりうめえ

ばり寝れそう


同じ

⟨onazi⟩ → /onaʑi/
From Old Japanese.
An irregular adjective even in Classical Japanese (where the attributive form was usually 同じ), it has become more irregular in the modern language, mixing attributes of -i adjectives and -na adjectives (and sometimes neither).


同じ

/onaʑi/ → /onːaʑi/
Long-pronounced form of onaji above.
Compare 南 (minami → minnami, “south”).


即時

即時 (canonical)
sokuji (romanization)
sokuzi (romanization)
そくじ (hiragana historical)


突然に

突然に (canonical)
totsuzen ni (romanization)


心から

From 心 (shin, “heart”) + から (kara, “from”).


心から

心から (canonical)
kokoro kara (romanization)

From 心 (kokoro, “heart”) + から (kara, “from”).


遥かに

遥かに (canonical)
haruka ni (romanization)

このふたつの中は、そのほうが遥かによい。

Kono futatsu no naka wa, sono hō ga haruka ni yoi.

Between the two, that one is far better.


いつでも

いつでも来てね。


すぐ

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *sunku. Cognate with Northern Amami Ōshima 直ぐ (sïgu), Okinawan 直ぐ (sigu), Miyako 直ぐ (sugu), Yaeyama 直ぐ (sïgu), Yonaguni 直く゚ (chi'ngu).
Likely derived from root verb form sugu. The expected adjectival or adverbial form would be sugi, but there is evidence for sugu used in this way in ancient eastern dialects.
Notably, the modern verbs 過ぎる (sugiru) and 挿げる (sugeru) derived from sugu (see further below) have shared underlying senses of “going through; directly; without stopping or turning”, indicative of this common root.

すぐ行くよ

すぐ怒る

すぐ上に

コンビニはすぐそこだよ。


そっと

sotto (romanization)
sotuto (romanization)
そつと (hiragana historical)

Originally そと (soto).
Italian sotto is a false friend. と (-to) is a common adverb element.

そっと扉を開く


遥か

遥か遠く


態と

From Old Japanese waza ("an act of intent"; in kanji, 技 or 業) + particle と (to).

1987 March 10, “Nerima no shufu koroshi, hannin wa otto no kameraman [Nerima ward housewife murdered, cameraman-husband suspected]”, in Mainichi Shimbun, page 23:

Conditions at the crime scene were also unusual: 20 or 30 thousand yen had been taken from the living expenses in Noriko’s wallet, seemingly deliberately; shopping receipts and hand-written receipts that Noriko had been saving were scattered around the kitchen; and a drawer in the wardrobe had been opened and ransacked.

現場の状況も不自然で、紀子さんのサイフから生活費の現金二、三万円が抜き取られていたがわざとらしく、紀子さんが保存していた買い物のレシートや領収書が台所に散乱させられ、タンスの引き出しが物色されたように開けてあった。

Genba no jōkyō mo fushizen de, Noriko-san no saifu kara seikatsuhi no genkin ni-, sanman-en ga nukitorarete-ita ga wazato-rashiku, Noriko-san ga hozon shite-ita kaimono no reshīto ya ryōshūsho ga daidokoro ni sanran saserare, tansu no hikidashi ga busshoku sareta yō ni akete-atta.


心持ち

心持ち (canonical)
kokoromochi (romanization)

From 心 (kokoro, “heart, mind”) + 持ち (mochi, “state of feeling”, stem form of verb 持つ (motsu), “to have, hold, take”).

compound

stem form of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">持つ</i> (motsu), “to have, hold, take”


事実に照らして

ja-pos

事(じ)実(じつ)に照(て)らして • (jijitsu ni terashite)

事実に照らして (canonical)
jijitsu ni terashite (romanization)


実は

[d͡ʑit͡sɨ β̞a̠]

2005 May 26, “ソイツ [That Guy]”, in Cybernetic Revolution, Konami:

He looks totally unreliable, but he seems to think he actually has incredible potential.

かなり頼りない姿をしているが、実はとてつもない潜在能力を隠し持っていると思っているらしい。

Kanari tayorinai sugata o shite iru ga, jitsu wa totetsu mo nai senzai nōryoku o kakushimotte iru to omotte iru rashii.


実際に

実際に (canonical)
jissai ni (romanization)

virtually; practically; in practice; currently; presently


心行く迄

From 心行く (kokoroyuku, “be completely satisfied”) + 迄 (made, “until”).


万が一

万が一 (canonical)
man ga ichi (romanization)


ばんばん

万万: enough, to the full amount, to the fullest degree

万万: entirely not - with a denial word(ない, ず)


ばんばん

(onomatopoeia) sound of a gun firing, bang bang


万万

enough, to the full amount, to the fullest degree

entirely not - with a denial word(ない, ず)


きゅうきょ

きゅうきょ • (kyūkyo)


必ずしも

必ずしも (canonical)
kanarazushimo (romanization)

From 必(かなら)ず (kanarazu, “certainly, (negative polarity) not necessarily”) + しも (shimo, emphatic word). The しも (shimo) can also be seen in 誰しも (dareshimo) and まだしも (madashimo).

ja-compound

是の故に弟子は必ずしも師に如かずんばあらず、師は必ずしも弟子より賢ならず。

Kono yue ni teishi wa kanarazushimo shi ni shikazunba arazu, shi wa kanarazushimo teishi yori ken narazu.

For this reason, apprentices do not have to be inferior to their masters; masters do not have to be more virtuous than their apprentices.

(chiefly in the negative) not always, not all


たとえば

例えば: for example, exempli gratia, for instance, such as


例えば

ja-pos

例(たと)えば • (tatoeba) ^(←たとへば (tatofeba)?)

例えば (canonical)
tatoeba (romanization)
tatofeba (romanization)
たとへば (hiragana historical)

Analyzable as the irregular -ba conditional conjugation of verb 例える (tatoeru, “to compare something, to liken one thing to another, to make a metaphor about something”).
Historically, the term appears from at least the late Heian period in the Kokin Wakashū dated roughly 920 CE, indicating that the original derivation was as the regular -ba conditional conjugation of Old Japanese-derived verb 例ふ (tatofu), conjugated in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern. Through regular historical processes, classical 例ふ (tatofu) evolved into modern 例える (tatoeru).

日本には多くの美しい都市がある。例えば奈良、神戸だ。

Nihon ni wa ōku no utsukushii toshi ga aru. Tatoeba Nara, Kōbe da.

There are a lot of beautiful cities in Japan. Nara and Kōbe, for example.

例えば君がいるだけで心が強くなれること

1992, "Kimi ga Iru Dake de", in Octave, performed by Kome Kome Club, track 2

for example, the fact that my heart can become stronger just by having you around

tatoeba kimi ga iru dake de kokoro ga tsuyoku nareru koto

for example, exempli gratia, for instance, such as


順順に

順順に (canonical)
junjun ni (romanization)


実しやかに

実しやかに (canonical)
makotoshiyakani (romanization)

as if it were true; with seeming truth; plausibly


実のところ

実のところ (canonical)
jitsu no tokoro (romanization)


実を言えば

実を言えば (canonical)
jitsu o ieba (romanization)


どうか

どうか • (dō ka)


その実

その実 (canonical)
sonojitsu (romanization)


どこか

Comprised of どこ (doko, “where”) + か (ka, question particle and generalizer).
First cited to a text from 1832.


相当

ja-pos

相(そう)当(とう) • (sōtō)

相当いい曲


やがて

/jamiɡate/ → */jamɡate/ → */jaŋɡate/ → /jaɡate/
Contraction of 止難(やみがて) (yamigate), compound of verb 止(や)む (yamu, “to stop”) + suffix 難(が)て (gate, “difficult”).
First attested around the 10th century.

日々の努力がやがて実を結ぶ。

The effort that was put in every day eventually bear fruit.

私はやがて30になる。

最後に会ってからやがて一年になる。

Saigo ni atte kara yagate ichinen ni naru.

It has been almost a year since we last met.

almost, nearly (usually with time phrases)


直に

直に話す


直に

直に良くなるよ


当分

当分床の上に寝てください

Please sleep on the floor for the time being.


その内

その内 (canonical)
sono uchi (romanization)

まあ、そのうち分かるさ。


兎も角

兎も角も

anyhow, anyway, somehow or other, generally speaking

ともかく会いましょう。

ともかく気にくわない。

AはともかくBは相当珍しい


絶対

絶対 (canonical)
zettai (romanization)
絶対だろ (imperfective stem)
ぜったいだろ (imperfective stem)
zettai daro (imperfective)
絶対で (continuative stem)
ぜったいで (continuative stem)
zettai de (continuative)
絶対だ (stem terminative)
ぜったいだ (stem terminative)
zettai da (terminative)
絶対な (attributive stem)
ぜったいな (attributive stem)
zettai na (attributive)
絶対なら (hypothetical stem)
ぜったいなら (hypothetical stem)
zettai nara (hypothetical)
絶対であれ (imperative stem)
ぜったいであれ (imperative stem)
zettai de are (imperative)
絶対ではない (informal negative)
絶対じゃない (informal negative)
ぜったいではない (informal negative)
ぜったいじゃない (informal negative)
zettai de wa nai (informal negative)
zettai ja nai (informal negative)
絶対だった (informal past)
ぜったいだった (informal past)
zettai datta (informal past)
絶対ではなかった (informal negative past)
絶対じゃなかった (informal negative past)
ぜったいではなかった (informal negative past)
ぜったいじゃなかった (informal negative past)
zettai de wa nakatta (informal negative past)
zettai ja nakatta (informal negative past)
絶対です (formal)
ぜったいです (formal)
zettai desu (formal)
絶対ではありません (formal negative)
絶対じゃありません (formal negative)
ぜったいではありません (formal negative)
ぜったいじゃありません (formal negative)
zettai de wa arimasen (formal negative)
zettai ja arimasen (formal negative)
絶対でした (formal past)
ぜったいでした (formal past)
zettai deshita (formal past)
絶対ではありませんでした (formal negative past)
絶対じゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
ぜったいではありませんでした (formal negative past)
ぜったいじゃありませんでした (formal negative past)
zettai de wa arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
zettai ja arimasen deshita (formal negative past)
絶対で (conjunctive)
ぜったいで (conjunctive)
zettai de (conjunctive)
絶対なら（ば） (conditional)
ぜったいなら（ば） (conditional)
zettai nara (ba) (conditional)
絶対だったら (conditional past)
ぜったいだったら (conditional past)
zettai dattara (conditional past)
絶対だろう (volitional)
ぜったいだろう (volitional)
zettai darō (volitional)
絶対に (adverbial)
ぜったいに (adverbial)
zettai ni (adverbial)
絶対さ (noun-from-adj)
ぜったいさ (noun-from-adj)
zettaisa (noun-from-adj)

ja-adj-infl

絶対

. で は ありません でした

. じゃ ありません でした

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
University of Tokyo
Zhiyi#Important_works

Coined by Japanese philosopher Inoue Tetsujirō in 1881 in his work 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Dictionary of Philosophy”) as a calque of English absolute, based on the Profound Meaning of the Lotus Sutra (《法華玄義》), changing the spelling from 絶待 to 絶対.


押し並べて

押し並べて (canonical)
oshinabete (romanization)

押しなべて 押しなべて#Japanese

Alternative form of 押しなべて (“in general”)


ケンケン

ケンケン (canonical)
けんけん (canonical)
kenken (romanization)

Qenqen. l, qenqẽto. ケンケン.または、ケンケント（けんけん.または、けんけんと） 犬の吠える形容.

1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 486:

(onomatopoeia) the sound of a dog barking; bow-wow


大きに

Appears from the Muromachi period as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative form”, for adjectives, the adverb form) of adjective 大きな (ōkina). Analyzable as 大き (ōki, “great, large”, stem of standard Japanese 大きい (ōkii)) + に (ni, adverbial particle)
The Kansai sense of thank you arose as a clipping of 大きにありがとう, literally 大きに (“greatly”) + ありがとう (arigatō, “thank you”).


一時

From 一(いち) (ichi, “one”) + 時(じ) (ji, “time”).

一時、彼は意識不明に陥った。

Ichiji, kare wa ishiki fumei ni ochītta.


如是

Daijisen
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sangyō Gisho
Shōbōgenzō
ja:三経義疏
ja:勝鬘経義疏
ja:松村明
ja:正法眼蔵

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 如是 (MC nyo dzyeX). Used to translate Sanskrit एवम् (evam, “such, thus”).
First cited to the Buddhist text 勝鬘経義疏 (Shōmangyō Gisho), part of the 三経義疏 (Sangyō Gisho) dated to 611. The text is written in 漢文 (kanbun), a kind of specialized Classical Chinese adapted slightly for Japanese readers. The first citation in a definitively Japanese-language text might not be until the 正法眼蔵 (Shōbōgenzō) compiled during the years 1231–53.

(Buddhism) short for 十如是 (jū-nyoze): the ten thusnesses of the Tendai sect

十如是

(Buddhism) expression of approval of something said by another person


根刮ぎ

Compound of 根 (ne, “root”) + 刮ぐ (kosogu, “erase”) nominalized.

completely; entirely; thoroughly (destroyed, stolen, eliminated, etc.)


只今

presently, right away, right now, just now


何卒

Compound of the pronoun 何(なに) (nani), the case particle と (to) and linking particle ぞ (zo).

何卒大学に合格するように

to get accepted into the university in one way or another

somehow, by all means, one way or another

何卒お体を大切に

strongly expresses a request: please, kindly


ろりろり

Rorirori. ロリロリ (ろりろり) 副詞. 恐怖などのために、おちつかないさま,

1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 542:

the way one feels unsettled due to fright

Rorirori. ロリロリ (ろりろり) [...] または, うろたているさま.


大方

ja-pos

大(おお)方(かた) • (ōkata) ^(←おほかた (ofokata)?)

大方 (canonical)
ōkata (romanization)
ofokata (romanization)
おほかた (hiragana historical)


不意

不意に近くのランプが動いた


ひひ

ひひ (canonical)
ヒヒ (canonical)
hihi (romanization)


飄飄

飄(ひょう)飄(ひょう) • (hyōhyō)


しばしば

(literary) often, frequently, repeatedly, again and again, every so often


愕然

[ɡa̠kɯ̟zẽ̞ɴ]


朝夕

朝(ちょう)夕(せき) or 朝(あさ)夕(ゆう) • (chōseki or asayū)

朝夕 (canonical)
朝夕 (canonical)
chōseki (romanization)
asayū (romanization)

from morning to evening; continuously, constantly


どうも

どうも • (dōmo)

Derived as compound of どう (dō, “how”, question word) + も (mo, “ever, even, also”, particle). Literal meaning is close to “no matter how, howsoever, in all cases”. Idiomatically and semantically used as an intensifier in specific contexts. Compare とても (totemo, “very”).

compound

どうも理解できない。

No matter how, I can't understand it. → I just can't understand it.

no matter how, not at all (used with a negative verb)

どうもこの人の話し方が変だ。

Dōmo kono hito no hanashikata ga hen da.

This person's way of talking is strange somehow. / There's something strange in how this person talks.

あの商人はどうもしつこいよね。

That shopkeeper is quite persistent, isn't he.


地道

地道に商売する


比較的

比較的 (canonical)
hikakuteki (romanization)

From 比較 (hikaku, “comparison”) + 的 (teki).


直ぐに

すぐに直します。


直ちに

直ちに (canonical)
tadachi ni (romanization)


思い切って

思い切って (canonical)
omoikitte (romanization)

Adverbial form of 思い切る (omoikiru, “resign oneself to; resolve”).


思い切り

思い切り (canonical)
omoikiri (romanization)

連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 思(おも)い切(き)る (omoikiru).

ja-etym-renyokei

to one's heart's content
to one's heart's content


一から十まで

ja-pos

いち から じゅう まで

一から十まで (canonical)
ichi kara jū made (romanization)


かって

勝手 勝って 刈って 飼って 買って 駆って

(The following entries are uncreated: 勝って, 刈って, 飼って, 買って, 駆って.)

ja-see

Alternative form of かつて (katsute, “once, before, formerly, former; (with a negative verb) never”)


ついに

tsui ni (romanization)
tufi ni (romanization)
つひに (hiragana historical)

そしてついに口を開いた。

ついに彼はやって来た。


じやじや

the sound of something stuck in ones throat

the loud sound of a mass of gathered people


じやくや

the way in which something is in confusion or disorderly


くたくた

[kɯ̟̊ta̠kɯ̟̊ta̠]

the way in which one has a lack of power due to being worn out or weak


何処でも

何処でも (canonical)
dokodemo (romanization)


千万

千万かたじけない

無礼千万

(formal or literary) very; extremely (also used as a suffix after -na adjectives)


何等

ja-pos

何(なん)等(ら) or 何(なに)等(ら) • (nanra or nanira)

何等 (canonical)
何等 (canonical)
nanra (romanization)
nanira (romanization)

The なんら (nanra) reading shifts from the なにら (nanira) reading.

何ら関わりがない

(chiefly in the negative) (not) in any way, (none) whatsoever


今日た

[kõ̞ɲ̟ːit̚ta̠]

/konnit wa/ → /konnitta/. Late Middle Japanese had syllables that ended in a final -m, -n, and -t.


いじいじ

いじいじ or いぢいぢ • (ijīji) ^(←いぢいぢ (idiidi)?)

いじいじ (canonical)
いぢいぢ (canonical)
ijīji (romanization)
idiidi (romanization)
いぢいぢ (hiragana historical)

lacking a clear attitude or action; hesitantly


ぷうぷう

ぷうぷう • (pūpū)

(onomatopoeia) puffing, blowing (the way in which one strongly blows through narrow lips)


ぐらい

gurai (romanization)
gurawi (romanization)
ぐらゐ (hiragana historical)

Alternative form of くらい (kurai, “about, approximately”)


亮然

亮然と澄んだ音


およそ

about, nearly, roughly, approximately, around, more or less, in round numbers


結構

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 結構 (MC ket kuwH). Appears in the 小右記 (Shōyūki, Ouki) of 1031, the diary of Fujiwara no Sanesuke.

似たような問題は結構出題されます。

Nita yō na mondai wa kekkō shutsudai saremasu.

Similar questions appear quite frequently.

あの映画は結構面白かったね。

That film was quite interesting, wasn't it?


一層

いっそうスピードを上げる

お金のいっそうの節約


一層

Shift in pronunciation from 一層(いっそう) (issō).

ja-r

一層(いっそう) (issō)

いっそ自殺でもしよう

いっそ離婚してしまいたい

Alternative form of 一層 (issō, “(would) rather; sooner; might as well”)


いちゃいちゃ

the way in which a couple intimately fools around; making out


ただいま

Short of 只(ただ)今(いま)、帰(かえ)りました (tadaima, kaerimashita, “I'm back right now”).

ただ%いま、かえりました

ただ今, 只今: presently, right away, right now, just now


ゆくさ

The term yukusa derives from a contraction of the adverb 良く (yoku, “well”) (yoku → you → yu), the emphatic particle こそ (koso) (koso → kuso), and the topic particle は (wa). It is cognate to the standard Japanese form ようこそ (yōkoso).

ゆくさおさいじゃしたかごっまへ。

(Kagoshima) Synonym of ようこそ (“an expression of appreciation at someone's arrival; welcome”)


兎に角

Shift from とにかくに (to ni kaku ni), itself composed of と (to, “in that way”) + に (ni, particle) + 斯く (kaku, “in this way”) + に (ni, particle).
The kanji spelling literally means “horns on a rabbit”, but this is merely ateji (当て字). It is perhaps an allusion to Literary Chinese 龜毛兔角 (guīmáotùjiǎo, “an impossibility”, literally “hair on a turtle, horns on a rabbit”).

cog

anyway, anyhow, in any case, be that as it may


割合

ja-pos

割(わり)合(あい) • (wariai) ^(←わりあひ (wariafi)?)

割合 (canonical)
wariai (romanization)
wariafi (romanization)
わりあひ (hiragana historical)

[β̞a̠ɾʲia̠i]


もろとも

morotomo (romanization)
もろとも (hiragana historical)

Compound of 諸(もろ) (moro, “all”) + 共(とも) (tomo, “together”).
First cited in a text from 830.


見事

Compound of 見 (mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 見る (miru, “to see, to look at”)) + 事 (koto, “fact, event, abstract thing”).
First cited to a text from 1309.


見事

[mʲĩŋɡo̞to̞]

Shift from migoto, emphasizing the nasality of the voiced /ɡ/.
* /miɡoto/ → /miŋoto/ → /miɴɡoto/
Appears in a text from 1706.

cleverly, excellently, skillfully, spectacularly


日夜

お客様のため、日夜努力しております。

O-kyaku-sama no tame, nichiya doryoku shite orimasu.

We strive for our customers day and night.


蓋し

807: Kogo Shūi
蓋聞 上古之世 未有文字 貴賤老少 口口相傳 前言往行 存而不忘

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

an expression of supposition or conjecture; probably, maybe

a hypothetical supposition of a situation; if


共々

社員共々頑張ってまいります。

Together with employees we will strive for excellence.


たとえ

tatoe (romanization)
tatofe (romanization)
たとへ (hiragana historical)


ほうはい

ja-pos

ほうはい • (hōhai)


無論

From Middle Chinese 無論 (MC mju lwonH, literally “without discussion, no argument”). Compare modern Hakka mò-lun or Cantonese mou⁴ leon⁶.

ltc-l

無論こんな馬鹿なことはありえない。

It goes without saying that this kind of idiotic thing simply cannot be.

it goes without saying
it goes without saying

no doubt, naturally, of course, it goes without saying


なぞ

nazo (romanization)
なぞ (hiragana historical)

File:Caution1923 NeverSpreadFalseRumors.jpg
朝鮮人の狂暴や、大地震が再來する、囚人が脱監したなぞと言傳へて處罰されたものは多數あります。
Chōsenjin no kyōbō ya, daijishin ga sairai suru, shūjin ga dakkan shita nazo to iitsutaete shobatsu sareta mono wa tasū arimasu.
Many have said that Koreans are rampaging; or that the earthquake will return; or that prisoners have escaped; and have been disciplined.


くつくつ

[kɯ̟t͡sɨkɯ̟t͡sɨ]


ぐずぐず

ぐずぐず (canonical)
グズグズ (canonical)
guzuguzu (romanization)


きょろきょろ

きょろきょろ (canonical)
キョロキョロ (canonical)
kyorokyoro (romanization)

[kʲo̞ɾo̞kʲo̞ɾo̞]


べろべろ

べろべろ (canonical)
ベロベロ (canonical)
berobero (romanization)


せかせか

Cognate with Japanese せく (seku, “to rush”).


ぼやぼや

ぼやぼや (canonical)
ボヤボヤ (canonical)
boyaboya (romanization)


きらきら

きらきら (canonical)
キラキラ (canonical)
kirakira (romanization)

星がきらきら光る

(onomatopoeia) glitter, glisten, twinkle


わくわく

わくわく (canonical)
ワクワク (canonical)
わくゝゝ (canonical)
wakuwaku (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) excitedly, while thrilled


寧ろ

私は寧ろこのように考える。

2007, 新時代日漢辭典／新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局／大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:

自分で作るより寧ろ買った方が安い。

Jibun de tsukuru yori mushiro katta hō ga yasui.

Instead of making it myself, I can buy it for cheaper.


にやにや

にやにや (canonical)
ニヤニヤ (canonical)
niyaniya (romanization)

with a grin, grinning like a Cheshire cat


ずばずば

ずばずば (canonical)
ズバズバ (canonical)
zubazuba (romanization)


がらがら

がらがら (canonical)
ガラガラ (canonical)
garagara (romanization)

2020 April 27, “池上彰が語る「挫折からの立ち直り方」、人生設計が崩れる瞬間からどう復活したのか”, in ビジネスIT+:

これを聞いて愕然としました。NHKの廊下で、自分の人生設計ががらがらと崩れた瞬間でした。このとき、私は53歳。解説委員の道が閉ざされたとなると、もはやNHKにいても、現場記者の仕事はできません。

Kore o kīte gakuzen to shimashita. Enu eichi kē no rōka de, jibun no jinsei sekkei ga garagara to kuzureta shunkan de shita. Konotoki, watashi wa gojūsan-sai. Kaisetsu iin no michi ga tozasareta to naruto, mohaya enu eichi kē ni itemo, genba kisha no shigoto wa dekimasen.

I was shocked to hear it. In a corridor at NHK my life came crashing down. I was 53 at the time. My path to becoming a commentator was closed, and I would no longer even have a job as NHK field reporter.

(onomatopoeia, figurative) entirely, destructively

(onomatopoeia) with sound of sliding door


いってん

一転: complete change, in complete contrast, in reversal, about-face


ざわざわ

ざわざわ (canonical)
ザワザワ (canonical)
zawazawa (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) noisy, boisterous, like the noise or bustle of a crowd of people talking


丁々

ja-pos

丁(ちょう)々(ちょう) or 丁々(チョウチョウ) • (chōchō)

丁々 (canonical)
丁々 (canonical)
chōchō (romanization)

with violent noises such as clashing of swords


ぴりぴり

ぴりぴり (canonical)
ピリピリ (canonical)
piripiri (romanization)


ずきん

ずきん (canonical)
ズキン (canonical)
zukin (romanization)

First cited to a text from 1977.
Reduced form of reduplicated adverb ずきんずきん (zukinzukin), which is first attested in 1919. In turn, that is the emphatic form of adverb ずきずき (zukizuki), which is cited from 1789.
Ultimately appears to be derived from verb 疼く (uzuku, “to throb painfully”). Part of a cluster of related adverbs all sharing the element ずき (zuki).

(onomatopoeia) throbbingly and painfully


ぐうぐう

ぐうぐう or グーグー • (gūgū)

ぐうぐう (canonical)
グーグー (canonical)
gūgū (romanization)


がぶがぶ

(onomatopoeia) gulping, guzzling, gulp gulp


だらだら

Probably onomatopoeia. Also appears to be related to classical verb 垂る (taru), modern 垂れる (tareru, “to hang down, like a droplet or loose string; to droop; to flow slowly, to drip”).


ぼろぼろ

ぼろぼろ (canonical)
ボロボロ (canonical)
boroboro (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) being dilapidated, beat-up, old, crumbling, worn-out, ragged

food falling out of one's mouth while eating


夙に

From Old Japanese. Derived from the root 夙 (tsuto, “early morning”), from which つとめて (tsutomete) is also derived.


いとう

痛う, 甚う: (archaic) extremely, considerably


ぶつぶつ

[bɯ̟t͡sɨbɯ̟t͡sɨ]

ぶつぶつ言うなよ。


一杯

→ Korean: 이빠이 (ippai)

From 一(いち) (ichi, “one”) + 杯(はい) (hai, “cupful”).


いかで

争で, 如何で, 怎: how


争で

From 如何 (ika, “of what”) + で (de, “in”), literally “in what kind of”, from いかにて (ikanite).


ぱちぱち

ぱちぱち (canonical)
パチパチ (canonical)
pachipachi (romanization)


定めし

定めし (canonical)
sadameshi (romanization)


頗る

[sɨko̞bɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


きっちり

きっちり千円しかない


つんつん

つんつん (canonical)
ツンツン (canonical)
tsuntsun (romanization)


ねちねち

ねちねち (canonical)
ネチネチ (canonical)
nechinechi (romanization)

酔っ払いがねちねちと絡んできた。


おどおど

Shift from earlier おづおづ (ozuozu), from reduplication of Old Japanese 怖づ (“to be intimidated, to hesitate”) — the Modern Japanese 怖じる.

inh

(onomatopoeia) hesitatingly, sheepishly, timidly


なんと

なんときれいな月だろう。

Used to intensify an adjective. Carries connotations of surprise or being emotionally moved: what a…; how … it is

注文しようとしたらなんと売り切れ！

I tried to order it, but it turned out to be sold out!

surprisingly, to my surprise, you’ll be surprised


メリメリ

メリメリッと音(おと)がして天(てん)井(じょう)が落(お)ちてきた。

(onomatopoeia) groaning, cracking, splitting and about to break


ぷりぷり

ぷりぷり (canonical)
プリプリ (canonical)
puripuri (romanization)

[pɯ̟ɾʲipɯ̟ɾʲi]


ぱくぱく

ぱくぱく (canonical)
パクパク (canonical)
pakupaku (romanization)

opening and closing, especially a mouth; gobble gobble


なお

nao (romanization)
nafo (romanization)
なほ (hiragana historical)

/napo/ → /nafo/ → /nawo/ → /nao/
From Old Japanese.
The okurigana spelling 尚(な)お (nao), or more accurately its historical kana usage counterpart 尚(な)ほ (naho), used to be very common and the de facto standard, but has become obsolete since the introduction of modern kana usage in 1946. Compare 古(いにしえ) (inishie) and its historically common spelling 古(いにし)へ (inishihe).


ぽっきり

500円ぽっきり


都合

都合 (canonical)
tsugō (romanization)
tugafu (romanization)
つがふ (hiragana historical)

参加者は都合３０００人に達した。

Sankasha wa tsugō sanzennin ni tasshita.

The number of participants reached 3,000 in total.


すっきり

すっきり (canonical)
スッキリ (canonical)
sukkiri (romanization)

[sɨ̥k̚ʲkʲiɾʲi]

Most likely of onomatopoeic origin; compare すきすき (sukisuki, “refreshingly”) and すきっと (sukitto, “refreshingly”).


くっきょう

ja-pos

くっきょう • (kukkyō)


しとしと

しとしと雨や曇りの日にバラを見に出かけるのもいいかもしれませんね。

Shitoshito ame yakumori no hi ni bara o mi ni dekakeru no mo ii kamoshiremasen ne.

Going out to see the roses is nice even when it's cloudy or drizzly, don't you think?


がりがり

がりがり (canonical)
ガリガリ (canonical)
garigari (romanization)


どっきり

どっきり (canonical)
ドッキリ (canonical)
dokkiri (romanization)


ずるずる

ずるずる (canonical)
ズルズル (canonical)
zuruzuru (romanization)

[d͡zɨɾɯ̟zɨɾɯ̟]


じりじり

じりじり (canonical)
ジリジリ (canonical)
jirijiri (romanization)

inching closer, little by little, cautiously


ぼりぼり

(onomatopoeia) scratching of one's head, etc.


フォルティッシッシモ

[ɸo̞ɾɯ̟tʲiɕːiɕːimo̞]

Borrowed from English fortississimo, a pseudo-Italianism.


ぷちぷち

ぷちぷち (canonical)
プチプチ (canonical)
puchipuchi (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) sound of bubbles being popped


ぼさぼさ

ぼさぼさ (canonical)
ボサボサ (canonical)
bosabosa (romanization)


じょりじょり

(onomatopoeia) the sound of shaving a beard


がちゃがちゃ

がちゃがちゃ (canonical)
ガチャガチャ (canonical)
gachagacha (romanization)


何でもかんでも

何でもかんでも (canonical)
nandemokandemo (romanization)


どきどき

どきどき (canonical)
ドキドキ (canonical)
dokidoki (romanization)

Reduplication of onomatopoeic root どき (doki), unattested in isolation. Reduplicated form どきどき (dokidoki) first attested in 1700.
Similar, but apparently unrelated, to Sino-Japanese term 動悸 (dōki, “heartbeat; palpitation”). That term is not attested until 1721.


ホール

ホール • (hōru)


はっきり

はっきり (canonical)
ハッキリ (canonical)
hakkiri (romanization)

はっきり言えよ！

はっきり言いたい。

それははっきり解る事だ。


ぼつぼつ

soon, especially used in conversation to suggest leaving soon


ちゃんと

This etymology is hypothetical. Possibly some kind of sound shift from 順当 (juntō, “properly, in a smooth way”).
/dʑɯntoː/ → /dʑɯnto/ → /tɕanto/

ちゃんとしてね

ちゃんと覚えてね

ちゃんとやれよ

ちゃんと鍵かけたか

朝ごはんちゃんと食べたか

did you remember to eat breakfast; have you eaten breakfast yet [like you should]

宿題はちゃんとやりましたか

1939, Osamu Dazai, Joseito [Schoolgirl]:

I am perfectly aware that when I dote on Japī, Kā is by the side making a face that looks like she might cry.

ジャピイを可愛がっていると、カアは、傍で泣きそうな顔をしているのをちゃんと知っている。

Japī o kawaigatte iru to, Kā wa, soba de nakisō na kao o shite iru no o chanto shitte iru.


でぶでぶ

Attested during the Edo period. Derived from でっぷり (deppuri) with reduplication of the でぶ (debu) element, in a similar pattern seen in other term pairs such as はっきり (hakkiri) → はきはき (hakihaki), ふらり (furari) → ふらふら (furafura), たっぷり (tappuri) → だぶだぶ (dabudabu), etc.
でっぷり (deppuri) itself likely derives from 出っ張り (deppari, “protruding”), from verb 出っ張る (depparu, “to protrude”), a compound of prefixed verb 出る (deru, “to go out”), used in a similar way to the English preposition out after a verb) and verb 張る (haru, of many meanings, the most relevant here being “to be taut / prominent / stuck out”).

でぶでぶ太っている人


がちがち

がちがち (canonical)
ガチガチ (canonical)
gachigachi (romanization)

歯がガチガチ鳴っている。

(onomatopoeia) clattering, chattering (as of teeth)


ぱらぱら

ぱらぱら (canonical)
パラパラ (canonical)
parapara (romanization)

Likely derived from Old Japanese ばら (bara, “scattered”). Cognate with ばらばら (barabara), バラバラ (barabara, “scattered, loose, in disarray, messy”); parapara implies something softer or lighter than barabara.

ja-r

雨がパラパラと降っている。

There's a bit of rain. / It is sprinkling.

(onomatopoeia): evoking the sound made by a rain or leaves falling: sprinkling, clattering

パラパラとページをめくりながら独り言していた。

Parapara to pēji o mekurinagara hitorigoto shite ita.

He muttered to himself as he flipped / riffled through the pages.

(onomatopoeia): evoking the sound made by many pages turning quickly: riffling


ぱたぱた

ぱたぱた (canonical)
パタパタ (canonical)
patapata (romanization)


でれでれ

でれでれ (canonical)
デレデレ (canonical)
deredere (romanization)

This term is part of a cluster of terms surrounding a root でれ (dere, “slovenliness? sloppiness? shamefulness?”) that is not attested on its own.
* でれる (dereru, verb), attested from 1867
* でれでれ (deredere, adverb), attested from 1889
* でれっと (deretto, adverb), attested from 1889
* でれり (dereri, adverb), attested from 1891
* でれつく (deretsuku, verb), attested from 1908
Further derivation is uncertain. Possibly related to noun 照れ (tere, “embarrassment, ashamedness, bashfulness”), from verb 照れる (tereru, “to be embarrassed, ashamed, bashful”).

slovenly, sloppily, in the manner of a slob

swooningly, fawningly, schmoozingly, flirtingly (especially regarding a man's behavior towards women)


からんからん

(onomatopoeia) clang clang, ding dong, clip-clop; the sound of a bell pealing


はくち

白地: (archaic) soon, immediately, presently.


ひとまず

hitomazu (romanization)
fitomadu (romanization)
ひとまづ (hiragana historical)


がやがや

がやがや (canonical)
ガヤガヤ (canonical)
gayagaya (romanization)


ぼうっと

ja-pos

ぼうっと • (bōtto)

Generally considered to be a compound of onomatopoeia ぼ (bo) + adverbial particle と (to). Extension of shorter version ぼっと (botto), emphasizing an extended ongoing state of mental or visual fuzziness, vagueness, or indistinctness.

(by extension) Indicating that someone's face is flushing red: blushingly.


ぺこぺこ

Related to the verb 凹む (hekomu, “to become hollow or dented, to collapse inwardly, to sink in”).

缶がぺこぺこと凹んだ。

(onomatopoeia) expressing the sound of thin metal as it dents and collapses: "plinkingly, tinkingly"

熊がぺこぺことゴミ箱の中で探りまわった。

Kuma ga pekopeko to gomibako no naka de sagurimawatta.

The bear hungrily groped around in the trash can.

(childish) expressing the idea of one's stomach collapsing inwards: "extremely hungrily"

ぺこぺこと頭を下げる


日日

Reduplication of 日 (hi, “sun; day”). The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
This is generally the most common reading for this kanji compound.

日毎

when followed by adverbial particle に (ni)

日日暑くなるね。

It's getting hotter day by day, isn't it.


日日

日日 (canonical)
nichinichi (romanization)

[ɲ̟it͡ɕiɲ̟it͡ɕi]

Reduplication of 日 (nichi, “sun; day”), using the on'yomi pronunciation.
This is a less-common reading for this kanji compound.


いずれ

izure (romanization)
idure (romanization)
いづれ (hiragana historical)

/idure/ → /id͡zure/ → /izure/
Compound of interrogative pronoun いづ (izu) and suffix れ (re). Long form of いづ (izu).

何れにしても（せよ）


堅固

堅固 (canonical)
kengo (romanization)
けんご (hiragana historical)


辛うじて

辛(かろ)うじて • (karōjite) ^(←からうじて (karauzite)?)

辛うじて (canonical)
karōjite (romanization)
karauzite (romanization)
からうじて (hiragana historical)

Shift from 辛くして (karaku shite, literally, “doing with difficulty”), from 辛く (karaku, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “adverbial form”) of adjective 辛い (karai)) + して (shite, -te conjunctive form of verb する (suru)).
/karaku/ → /karau/ → /karoː/
辛く (karaku) shifted to かろう (karō) in a process called ウ音便 (u-onbin). Compare ありがとう (arigatō) from ありがたく (arigataku) and おはよう (ohayō) from おはやく (o-hayaku).

com

-te conjunctive form of verb <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">する</i> (suru)

barely, narrowly, by a narrow margin, just enough


既に

発見された時は既に手遅れの状態だった

hakkensareta toki wa sudeni teokure no jōtaidatta

It was already too late to be saved when discovered


ほぼ

ほぼ (canonical)
ほゞ (canonical)
hobo (romanization)

ほぼ同じ


先刻

[sẽ̞ŋko̞kɯ̟]


多々

似た事故は多々あった。

宿題を忘れることが多々ある。

I often keep forgetting to do my homework.

many times, in many occasions (usually used for cases and incidents)


何らか

何らかの返事があるはずだ。

some, in some form, in any way, in some way


いよいよ

Reduplication of the archaic adverb いよ (iyo, “more and more, increasingly”), shift of いや (iya, “more and more, increasingly”), in turn from the prefix い (i) and the adverb や (ya, “more and more, increasingly”).


ずぼん

Onomatopoeia. The zu portion indicates something rubbing or sliding (compare verb 擦る suru, “to rub or slide”), and the bon portion indicates something bumping to a stop or softly popping into or out of place.
This term appears in print in 1860, raising the possibility that the onomatopoeia sense arose from the borrowed noun ズボン (“trousers”) and the action of putting on a pair of trousers. The initial zu portion does not historically refer to rubbing or sliding, but instead more commonly carries negative connotations of abnormal or sloppy. Alternatively, this is a colloquial term, and it may have been a dialect term, and thus it might be older than its history in print.

丸くずぼんと穴の明いた古犢鼻褌を…

1860, 七偏人 (Shichi Henjin, “Seven Eccentrics”), volume 4

[taking] the old loincloth with a round hole just plop hanging open...

maruku zubon to ana no aita furu fundoshi o…

(onomatopoeia) imitative of the sound of something rubbing or sliding and then bumping into place or coming out of place


ゆったり

From the root ゆた (yuta), whence 豊(ゆた)か (yutaka). Compare 細(ほそ)い (hosoi) and ほっそり (hossori); 浅(あさ)い (asai) and あっさり (assari); 爽(さわ)やか (sawayaka)(historically さはやか (safayaka)) and さっぱり (sappari); 伸(の)びる (nobiru), 伸(の)び伸(の)び (nobinobi), 伸(の)びやか (nobiyaka), and のんびり (nonbiri).


すっぽり

満月が地球の影にすっぽりと覆われる「皆既月食」

mangetsu ga chikyū no kage ni suppori to ōwareru “kaiki gesshoku”

a "total lunar eclipse," where the moon is completely concealed by the earth's shadow

coming right out or off, cleanly slipping in, out, or off


次々

次々 (canonical)
tsugitsugi (romanization)

[t͡sɨɡʲit͡sɨɡʲi]


僅か

僅か (canonical)
wazuka (romanization)
waduka (romanization)
わづか (hiragana historical)


長年

[na̠ɡa̠nẽ̞ɴ]


延々

延々 (canonical)
en'en (romanization)
えんえん (hiragana historical)


随時

随時の対応を行います。


まるごと

[ma̠ɾɯ̟ɡo̞to̞]

Compound of 丸 (maru, “round; (by extension) entirety”) + ごと (-goto).

affix

フライドチキンを骨まで丸ごと食べちゃった。

Furaido chikin o hone made marugoto tabechatta.

He ate the fried chicken whole, bones and all.

entirely, wholly, completely, all of something (with an emphasis on leaving nothing out)


じょぼじょぼ

(onomatopoeia) with the sound of flowing water, with a trickle


とっくり

tokkuri (romanization)
totukuri (romanization)
とつくり (hiragana historical)

とっくり考える


まのあたり

Compound of 目 (ma, “eye”) + の (no, “genitive”) + 辺り (atari, “area, proximity”). Initial /ma/ is the old form of "eye", also seen in 睫 (matsuge, “eyelash”), 瞼 (mabuta, “eyelid”), and 眦 (manajiri, “corner of eye”).

親 マノアタリ

1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi, page 6 (back):


誇らしげ

誇らしげ (canonical)
hokorashige (romanization)


言わば

言わば (canonical)
iwaba (romanization)
ifaba (romanization)
いはば (hiragana historical)

The Classical Japanese conditional form of the verb 言う (iu, “to say, to speak”): 言わ (iwa, 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of the verb 言う (iu)) + ば (-ba, an inflectional suffix indicating the hypothetical condition).


順次

[d͡ʑɨ̃ɲ̟d͡ʑi]

全国各地で順次上映中

全国各地 ぜんこくかくち

順次上映中 じゅんじじょうえいちゅう

The movie is being shown in theater after theater nationwide.


逐次

one after another, one after the other, successively, sequentially


ぼおっと

ja-pos

ぼおっと • (bōtto)


ぼーっと

ぼーっと • (bōtto)


代わる代わる

代わる代わる (canonical)
kawarugawaru (romanization)

[ka̠β̞a̠ɾɯ̟ɡa̠β̞a̠ɾɯ̟]

From doubling 代わる (kawaru, “substitute”).

二人で代わる代わるに運転します


に代えて

に代えて (canonical)
ni kaete (romanization)

From に (ni), particle indicating location + 代えて, conjunctive form of 代える (kaeru, “substitute”).


に代わって

に代わって (canonical)
ni kawatte (romanization)

From に (ni), particle indicating location + 代わって, conjunctive form of 代わる (kawaru, “substitute”).


わいわい

わいわい (canonical)
ワイワイ (canonical)
waiwai (romanization)


くりくり

くりくり (canonical)
クリクリ (canonical)
kurikuri (romanization)


有無を言わさず

有無を言わさず (canonical)
umu o iwasazu (romanization)

有無をいわさず書かせた。


毎朝

From 毎(まい) (mai-, “every”) + 朝(あさ) (asa, “morning”).


毎朝

ja-pos

毎(まい)朝(ちょう) • (maichō) ^(←まいてう (maiteu)?)

毎朝 (canonical)
maichō (romanization)
maiteu (romanization)
まいてう (hiragana historical)

From 毎(まい) (mai-, “every”) + 朝(ちょう) (chō, “morning”).


毎年

1998 November 30 [1990 November 25], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太(た)とアニマル惑星(プラネット) [Nobita and the Animal Planet] (大長編ドラえもん; 10), 22nd edition, volume 10 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 109:

Forests are not only being cut in Japan. The amount of green areas in the world wiped out every year is, believe it or not, approximately equal to half the area of Japan!!

森が切りひらかれたりしてるのは日本だけじゃないのよ。世界じゅうで消えていく緑はなんと、毎年、日本の面積の半分くらいなんですって‼

Mori ga kirihirakaretari shiteru no wa Nippon dake ja nai no yo. Sekaijū de kiete iku midori wa nan to, maitoshi, Nippon no menseki no hanbun kurai na n desu tte‼


なぜ

/nani semu ni/ → */nanzenni/ → /nazenni/ → /nazeni/ → /naze/
Derived from Old Japanese 何せむに.

(formal, literary, poetic) why ... ?, how ... ?


こりこり

こりこり (canonical)
コリコリ (canonical)
korikori (romanization)

子供たちは生栗をこりこり音をたてておいしそうに食べていた。

Kodomo-tachi wa nama kuri o korikori oto o tatete oishisō ni tabeteita.

The children were gobbling up the fresh chestnuts with crunching noises.


ぽちゃぽちゃ

ぽちゃぽちゃ (canonical)
ポチャポチャ (canonical)
pochapocha (romanization)


じわじわ

じわじわ (canonical)
ジワジワ (canonical)
jiwajiwa (romanization)


にょきにょき

にょきにょき (canonical)
ニョキニョキ (canonical)
nyokinyoki (romanization)

キノコがにょきにょきと生えてきた。

Mushrooms are sprouting up one after another.

(onomatopoeia) appearing, sprouting, shooting up one after another


今一

今一 (canonical)
今一 (canonical)
imaichi (romanization)


しっとり

しっとり (canonical)
シットリ (canonical)
shittori (romanization)


もちもち

もちもち (canonical)
モチモチ (canonical)
mochimochi (romanization)


苟も

苟も (canonical)
iyashikumo (romanization)


要するに

ja-pos

要(よう)するに • (yōsuru ni) ^(←えうするに (eusuru ni)?)

要するに (canonical)
yōsuru ni (romanization)
eusuru ni (romanization)
えうするに (hiragana historical)

[jo̞ːsɨɾɯ̟ ɲ̟i]


結局

結局のところ、街頭に抗議者らが溢れたのは政治だけのせいではない。

Kekkyoku no tokoro, gaitō ni kōgisha-ra ga afureta no wa seiji dake no sei de wa nai.

After all, politics alone has not put protesters into the streets.


ちょろちょろ

[t͡ɕo̞ɾo̞t͡ɕo̞ɾo̞]


あまりにも

あまりにも • (amari ni mo) ^(←あまりにも (amarinimo)?)

amari ni mo (romanization)
amarinimo (romanization)
あまりにも (hiragana historical)

あまりにも綺麗すぎる


どんより

[dõ̞ɰ̃jo̞ɾʲi]


ねばねば

ねばねば (canonical)
ネバネバ (canonical)
nebaneba (romanization)


溌剌

溌(はつ)剌(らつ) • (hatsuratsu) ^(←はつらつ (faturatu)?)

溌剌 (canonical)
hatsuratsu (romanization)
faturatu (romanization)
はつらつ (hiragana historical)


当面

当面 (canonical)
tōmen (romanization)
taumen (romanization)
たうめん (hiragana historical)

当面は先送りすると表明した。

Tōmen wa sakiokuri suru to hyōmei shita.

The government announced that it will be delayed for now.


若干

そこば (sokoba, see 若干) + く (ku, ancient suffix used to form adverbs; compare か (ka) used to form adjectives)


若干

そこ (soko) + ば (ba, “much, amount”, ancient element, also appears in 幾許 (kokoba) and 幾許 (ikubaku))


ぱさぱさ

ぱさぱさ (canonical)
パサパサ (canonical)
pasapasa (romanization)


ぐったり

[ɡɯ̟t̚ta̠ɾʲi]


改めて

改めて (canonical)
aratamete (romanization)

From the -te conjunctive form of verb 改める (aratameru).


折角

せっかくの時間だから、大切にしたい。

Sekkaku no jikan dakara, taisetsu ni shitai.

It's such precious time that I want to spend it with care.

折角人が賽銭入れて起こしてやったのに

sekkaku hito ga saisen irete okoshite yatta noni

Though it was that finally someone came to put in saisen and woke you up...


うろうろ

うろうろ (canonical)
ウロウロ (canonical)
urouro (romanization)

[ɯ̟ɾo̞ɯ̟ɾo̞]


割と

[β̞a̠ɾʲito̞]


行き成り

いきなり車が止まった。

彼はいきなり彼女の手をとった。


うっかり

うっかり (canonical)
ウッカリ (canonical)
ukkari (romanization)

[ɯ̟k̚ka̠ɾʲi]


ぶよぶよ

ぶよぶよ (canonical)
ブヨブヨ (canonical)
buyobuyo (romanization)


一々

いちいち文句をつける


ぼうぼう

bōbō (romanization)
baubau (romanization)
ばうばう (hiragana historical)


ぼうぼう

bōbō (romanization)
boubou (romanization)
ぼうぼう (hiragana historical)


流石

From さすがに (sasugani) with omission of the final に (ni).
The term さすがに (sasugani) is a composition of
* 然(さ) (sa, “in this way, thus”, modern そう (sō))
* 爲(す) (su, “to do”, modern する (suru))
* がに (ga ni, adverbial suffix, modern に (ni))
The literal meaning was "by doing something in this way, because of acting in this way".
The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).
The standalone term without the final に (ni) is first cited to the late 800s.


況して

still more, still less, let alone, to say nothing of


すくなくとも

少なくとも 少なくとも#Japanese


少なくとも

少なくとも (canonical)
sukunaku to mo (romanization)


ふにゃふにゃ

ふにゃふにゃ (canonical)
フニャフニャ (canonical)
funyafunya (romanization)


大分

大分 (canonical)
daibu (romanization)
だいぶん (alternative hiragana)
daibun (Rōmaji)

more than expected, extremely, considerably


染み染み

染み染み (canonical)
shimijimi (romanization)


ずたずた

ずたずた (canonical)
ズタズタ (canonical)
zutazuta (romanization)


却って

かえって見づらい


思いっ切り

思いっ切り (canonical)
omoikkiri (romanization)


呉れ呉れも

呉れ呉れも (canonical)
kureguremo (romanization)


いきいき

ikiiki (romanization)
いきいき (hiragana historical)

From the stem of 生(い)きる (ikiru), doubled and resembling an ideophone.


ぽっちゃり

in a charmingly plump way; Rubenesque, zaftig


ぐりぐり

ぐりぐり (canonical)
グリグリ (canonical)
guriguri (romanization)


概ね

概ね (canonical)
ōmune (romanization)
ofomune (romanization)
おほむね (hiragana historical)


あらまし

Uncertain. Theories include derivation from 粗(あら) (ara, “rough, roughly”) + まし (mashi, auxiliary verb), or from 有(あ)り (ari, stem or continuative form of ある) + 端(はし) (hashi, “a bit; nearly”). Some speculate derivation from 有り + まし, but Kokugo Daijiten calls this dubious (“疑問”).

stem or continuative form of <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">ある</i>


まっしぐら

ja-pos

まっしぐら • (masshigura) ^(←まつしぐら (matusigura)?)

masshigura (romanization)
matusigura (romanization)
まつしぐら (hiragana historical)

[ma̠ɕːiɡɯ̟ɾa̠]


あるいは

[a̠ɾɯ̟iβ̞a̠]

ある (aru, “to be, to exist”, 連体形 (rentaikei) of the classical verb あり (ari)) + い (i, nominalizing suffix) + は (wa, topic marker). Arose from 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku).

compound

明日はあるいは雨が降るかもしれない。

Asu wa aruiwa ame ga furu ka mo shirenai.

あるいは野球をし、あるいは庭球をする。

Aruiwa yakyū o shi, aruiwa teikyū o suru.

Sometimes I play baseball; sometimes I play tennis.

(repeated in the form あるいは…あるいは… (aruiwa … aruiwa …)) sometimes; some


大変

何だか大変小さく見えた。


見る見る

見る見る (canonical)
mirumiru (romanization)


ぐじゃぐじゃ

ja-pos

ぐじゃぐじゃ or グジャグジャ • (gujaguja)

ぐじゃぐじゃ (canonical)
グジャグジャ (canonical)
gujaguja (romanization)


うとうと

うとうと (canonical)
ウトウト (canonical)
utouto (romanization)


ごわごわ

ごわごわ (canonical)
ゴワゴワ (canonical)
gowagowa (romanization)


てきぱき

てきぱき (canonical)
テキパキ (canonical)
tekipaki (romanization)


案の定

[ã̠nːo̞ʑo̞ː]

案の定少女たちの姿は見られなかった。

An no jō shōjo tachi no sugata wa mirarenakatta.

There was no sight of the girls, as expected.


うんざり

うんざり (canonical)
ウンザリ (canonical)
unzari (romanization)

[ɯ̟̃nd͡za̠ɾʲi]


テキパキ

テキパキ (canonical)
てきぱき (canonical)
tekipaki (romanization)


精一杯

精一杯働きます。


着々

着々 (canonical)
chakuchaku (romanization)


悉く

悉く (canonical)
kotogotoku (romanization)


ゆらゆら

[jɯ̟ɾa̠jɯ̟ɾa̠]


しょっちゅう

しょっちゅう • (shotchū)

[ɕo̞t̚t͡ɕɨː]


きびきび

きびきび (canonical)
キビキビ (canonical)
kibikibi (romanization)


しっくり

しっくり (canonical)
シックリ (canonical)
shikkuri (romanization)

[ɕi̥k̚kɯ̟ɾʲi]


ごしごし

ごしごし (canonical)
ゴシゴシ (canonical)
goshigoshi (romanization)


もぞもぞ

もぞもぞ (canonical)
モゾモゾ (canonical)
mozomozo (romanization)


むかむか

むかむか (canonical)
ムカムカ (canonical)
mukamuka (romanization)


がみがみ

(onomatopoeia) naggingly, in the manner of snapping


曖昧模糊

曖昧模糊 (canonical)
aimaimoko (romanization)


徹頭徹尾

徹頭徹尾 (canonical)
tettōtetsubi (romanization)


余所乍ら

余所乍ら (canonical)
yosonagara (romanization)


ぽたり

ぽたり (canonical)
ポタリ (canonical)
potari (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) drip drip, plink of raindrops

(onomatopoeia) the sound of seeds falling from trees


毛頭

毛(もう)頭(とう) • (mōtō)

○○する気は毛頭ない


ぐんぐん

ぐんぐん (canonical)
グングン (canonical)
gungun (romanization)


往々

往々 (canonical)
ōō (romanization)
wauwau (romanization)
わうわう (hiragana historical)

1903, Arima Sukemasa, Nihon rinri yōron [Japanese ethics], page 129:

Among the populace, it is often the case that the discomposure of vice unavoidably arises.

民間に在りては、往往にして動揺の弊を免れざるの觀なくんはあらず。

Minkan ni arite wa, ōō ni shite dōyō no hei o manugarezaru no minakun wa arazu.


もこもこ

もこもこ (canonical)
モコモコ (canonical)
mokomoko (romanization)


絶えず

From the negative continuative form of the verb 絶える (taeru, “to cease”).


にっこり

にっこり (canonical)
ニッコリ (canonical)
nikkori (romanization)


むしむし

むしむし (canonical)
ムシムシ (canonical)
mushimushi (romanization)


きちきち

きちきち (canonical)
キチキチ (canonical)
kichikichi (romanization)


ずっしり

ずっしり (canonical)
ズッシリ (canonical)
zusshiri (romanization)

[d͡zɨɕːiɾʲi]


けたけた

けたけた (canonical)
ケタケタ (canonical)
ketaketa (romanization)


遮二無二

遮二無二 (canonical)
shanimuni (romanization)


たじたじ

たじたじ (canonical)
タジタジ (canonical)
tajitaji (romanization)


すかすか

すかすか (canonical)
スカスカ (canonical)
sukasuka (romanization)

breathing in the deeply outdoors through one's nose


すやすや

すやすや (canonical)
スヤスヤ (canonical)
suyasuya (romanization)

(of wind) tranquilly, calmingly, pleasantly


かさかさ

かさかさ (canonical)
カサカサ (canonical)
kasakasa (romanization)


さくさく

さくさく (canonical)
サクサク (canonical)
sakusaku (romanization)


しくしく

しくしく (canonical)
シクシク (canonical)
shikushiku (romanization)


しゃきしゃき

しゃきしゃき (canonical)
シャキシャキ (canonical)
shakishaki (romanization)


一度に

一度に (canonical)
ichido ni (romanization)


ちくちく

ちくちく (canonical)
チクチク (canonical)
chikuchiku (romanization)


浮き浮き

浮き浮き (canonical)
浮き浮き (canonical)
ukiuki (romanization)

[ɯ̟kʲiɯ̟kʲi]


よろよろ

よろよろ (canonical)
ヨロヨロ (canonical)
yoroyoro (romanization)


山程

聞きたいことが山ほどある


くすくす

くすくす (canonical)
クスクス (canonical)
kusukusu (romanization)

[kɯ̟̊sɨkɯ̟̊sɨ]

[kɯ̟sɨkɯ̟̊sɨ]

くすくす笑う


からから

からから (canonical)
カラカラ (canonical)
karakara (romanization)


くしゃくしゃ

くしゃくしゃ (canonical)
クシャクシャ (canonical)
kushakusha (romanization)


びしょびしょ

びしょびしょ (canonical)
ビショビショ (canonical)
bishobisho (romanization)

raining cats and dogs
raining cats and dogs

raining heavily, pouring, raining cats and dogs


言うに及ばず

言うに及ばず (canonical)
iu ni oyobazu (romanization)


これから先

これから先 (canonical)
kore kara saki (romanization)


強ち

not exactly, not strictly speaking, not technically


いかに

ikani (romanization)
いかに (hiragana historical)


先だって

先だって (canonical)
sendatte (romanization)


相変わらず

相(あい)変(か)わらず • (aikawarazu) ^(←あひかはらず (afikafarazu)?)

相変わらず (canonical)
aikawarazu (romanization)
afikafarazu (romanization)
あひかはらず (hiragana historical)

still, as always, as usual, as ... as ever, same old story


主として

主として (canonical)
shu to shite (romanization)


年がら年中

年(ねん)がら年(ねん)中(じゅう) • (nengara nenjū) ^(←ねんがらねんぢゆう (nengara nendyuu)?)

年がら年中 (canonical)
nengara nenjū (romanization)
nengara nendyuu (romanization)
ねんがらねんぢゆう (hiragana historical)

[néꜜǹgàrà néꜜǹjùù]

[nẽ̞ŋɡa̠ɾa̠ nẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]


ちょっぴり

[t͡ɕo̞p̚ʲpʲiɾʲi]


ぴしゃり

ぴしゃり (canonical)
ピシャリ (canonical)
pishari (romanization)


ぎりぎり

ぎりぎり (canonical)
ギリギリ (canonical)
girigiri (romanization)

[ɡʲiɾʲiɡʲiɾʲi]


ぎりぎり

[ɡʲiɾʲiɡʲiɾʲi]


よたよた

よたよた (canonical)
ヨタヨタ (canonical)
yotayota (romanization)


歳歳年年

歳歳年年 (canonical)
saisainennen (romanization)


元来

元(がん)来(らい) • (ganrai) ^(←ぐわんらい (gwanrai)?)

元来 (canonical)
ganrai (romanization)
gwanrai (romanization)
ぐわんらい (hiragana historical)


ぺちゃくちゃ

ぺちゃくちゃ (canonical)
ペチャクチャ (canonical)
pechakucha (romanization)

[pe̞t͡ɕa̠kɯ̟̊t͡ɕa̠]

Alteration from べちゃくちゃ (bechakucha), an onomatopoeia for a large number of people talking noisily. The shift from initial /b/ to /p/ changes the meaning from an emphasis on noisy to an emphasis on lively. Compare English gabble, chatter, yackety-yak.
Also analyzable as a compound of root elements:
* ぺちゃ (pecha): onomatopoeia for lively talking, evocative of the sound of lips and tongues smacking; also onomatopoeia for the sound of water splashing against something.
* くちゃ (kucha): onomatopoeia for the sound of paper crumpling; by extension, indicates that something is being done in a confused or disorganized fashion.

continuously and in a lively fashion (talking)

ぺちゃぺちゃ: continuously and in a lively fashion

くちゃくちゃ

crumplingly, wrinklingly, in a confused or disorganized fashion


チクタク

[t͡ɕikɯ̟̊ta̠kɯ̟̊]

Borrowed from English ticktack, aided by the fact that the English word resembles a Japanese onomatopoeic adverb.


ぼんやり

[bõ̞ɰ̃ja̠ɾʲi]

absent-mindedly (absent in mind), vacantly


ボイン

ボイン (canonical)
ぼいん (canonical)
boin (romanization)

拳骨でボインと殴る

ボインと跳ねる


ひらひら

ひらひら (canonical)
ヒラヒラ (canonical)
hirahira (romanization)

[çiɾa̠çiɾa̠]


何より

何より楽しい／何よりも楽しい

nani yori tanoshii ／ nani yori mo tanoshii


ゆさゆさ

ゆさゆさ (canonical)
ユサユサ (canonical)
yusayusa (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) to and fro, in a swaying motion


わざわざ

wazawaza (romanization)
わざわざ (hiragana historical)

[β̞a̠za̠β̞a̠za̠]

going out of one's way, going to all the trouble of, expressly


今すぐ

Compound of 今 (ima, “now”) + すぐ (sugu, “soon, immediately”).


のこのこ

のこのこ (canonical)
ノコノコ (canonical)
nokonoko (romanization)


暫く

暫くお待ちください。

暫く黙っていた。

temporarily, awhile (For some time; for a short time)


ばらばら

ばらばら (canonical)
バラバラ (canonical)
barabara (romanization)

Ultimate derivation unclear. Appears from the late 1500s.
Probably originally an onomatopoeia, imitative of the sound of rain or other small things falling in a scattered manner.
Related to root verb ばる (baru), from which ばれる (bareru) derives as the regular mediopassive / intransitive, and ばらす (barasu) derives as the regular causative / transitive. Compare similar verb paradigms with root verb 明く (aku), causative / transitive 明かす (akasu), mediopassive / intransitive 明ける (akeru), Old Japanese 出づ (idu) and modern causative / transitive 出す (dasu), mediopassive / intransitive 出る (deru), Old Japanese 生ゆ (hayu) and modern 生やす (hayasu) and 生える (haeru).
The term ばらばら (barabara) actually appears earliest in texts, starting from the late 1500s, followed by ばれる (bareru) in the late 1600s and ばらす (barasu) in the early 1700s. This suggests the possibility that the adjective / adverb came first, with the verbs then deriving from that.
Possibly related to adjective あばら (abara).

all over, messily, in a messed up manner

evocative of many things moving about at once


数多

May be from the same root ama as 余(あま)る (amaru, “to be left over (therefore to be abundant)”), 余(あま)す (amasu), and 遍(あまね)し (amaneshi) + 多(た) (ta).

ja-r

数多の先例が有る


とぼとぼ

とぼとぼ (canonical)
トボトボ (canonical)
tobotobo (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) (walk etc.) with a trudge


でーじ

ja-pos

でーじ • (dēji)

Borrowed from Okinawan 大事 (でーじ, dēji). Doublet of 大事 (daiji) of similar meaning.


やわら

yawara (romanization)
yafara (romanization)
やはら (hiragana historical)

Daijirin
Kyōsuke Kindaichi
Nippo Jisho
Utsubo Monogatari
ja:NHK出版
ja:NHK放送文化研究所
やわら

[ja̠β̞a̠ɾa̠]

Derivation unclear. There are two main theories.
* May be a phonetic shift from older term やおら (yaora, adverb) of very similar meaning. That term is regarded as having the derivational historical kana spelling of やをら, yielding this likely development:
: /jawora/ → /jawara/
* May instead be cognate with 柔ら (yawara, “gentle, supple”, adjective) below. That term has the derivational historical kana spelling of やはら, yielding this development:
: /japara/ → /jaɸara/ → /jawara/
Notably, the derivationally correct historical kana spellings for this term やわら (yawara) are uncertain.
* If やわら (yawara) is cognate with 柔ら (yawara), the historical kana spelling for やわら would be やはら.
* If やわら (yawara) is from やおら (yaora), the historical kana spelling for やわら would be やわら.
However, the derivation of synonym やおら (yaora) and its historical kana spelling is similarly unclear, and やおら (yaora) itself may ultimately be cognate with 柔ら (yawara). Further research is required.
Regardless of derivation, this term was already pronounced as yawara by 1603, as noted in the Nippo Jisho Japanese-Portuguese dictionary published that year.
First cited in the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 999.

…心づきなうぞ思ほしなりぬる。やはらづつ引き入り給ひぬるけしきなれば…

…kokorozuki nō zo omōshi narinuru. Yawara-zutsu hikiiri-tamainuru keshiki nareba…


ふさふさ

ふさふさ (canonical)
フサフサ (canonical)
fusafusa (romanization)


ぼきぼき

ぼきぼき (canonical)
ボキボキ (canonical)
bokiboki (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) with a cracking sound (often of cracking knuckles)


くるくる

くるくる (canonical)
クルクル (canonical)
kurukuru (romanization)

[kɯ̟ɾɯ̟kɯ̟ɾɯ̟]


ぎすぎす

ぎすぎす (canonical)
ギスギス (canonical)
gisugisu (romanization)


いくにちもいくにちも

いく にち も いく にち も

いくにちもいくにちも • (iku nichi mo iku nichi mo)

iku nichi mo iku nichi mo (romanization)

幾日も幾日も 幾日も幾日も#Japanese


めんもくやくじょ

面目躍如: in accordance with (one's) reputation


わなわな

わなわな (canonical)
ワナワナ (canonical)
wanawana (romanization)

[β̞a̠na̠β̞a̠na̠]


敢えて

敢えて (canonical)
aete (romanization)
afete (romanization)
あへて (hiragana historical)

敢(あ)え (ae, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 敢(あ)ふ (afu, “to bear, endure”)) + て (te, conjunctive suffix)

ja-com

going ahead and doing something despite knowing it to be impossible, daring

あえて難しくする


ざあざあ

ja-pos

ざあざあ or ザアザア or ザーザー • (zāzā)

ざあざあ (canonical)
ザアザア (canonical)
ザーザー (canonical)
zāzā (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) heavily (rain), of the degree of bucketing down

(onomatopoeia) the sound of static on a radio or a record


なんぼ

Daijirin
Daijisen#Online_search_engines
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

Either a shift from 何ぼう (nanbō), in turn a shift from 何程 (nani hodo, “what degree, what extent”), or a shift directly from 何程 (nani hodo, “what degree, what extent”).
First attested in a text from 1518.

そっちは何ぼ？

なんぼあっても良い

(Kansai, Hokkaidō, Tōhoku) how much; how many (quantity or cost)

(Kansai, Hokkaidō, Tōhoku) no matter how

長女は今何ぼ？


ちょうど

chōdo (romanization)
tyaudo (romanization)
ちやうど (hiragana historical)

1918, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Kumo no ito [The Spider’s Thread]:

The bottom of the lotus pond in Paradise precisely was the depths of Hell, so sights such as the Sanzu River and the Mountain of Needles were clearly visible through the crystal-clear water, just as if one were looking into a peep show.

この極楽の蓮池の下は、丁度地獄の底に当って居りますから、水晶のような水を透き徹して、三途の河や針の山の景色が、丁度覗き眼鏡を見るように、はっきりと見えるのでございます。

Kono Gokuraku no hasuike no shita wa, chōdo Jigoku no soko ni atatteorimasu kara, suishō no yō na mizu o sukitōshite, Sanzu no Kawa ya Hari no Yama no keshiki ga, chōdo nozokimegane o miru yō ni, hakkiri to mieru no de gozaimasu.


なんで

なんでここに来ましたか。

How did you get here? (by walking? driving? etc...)


さやさや

(onomatopoeia) with a soft rustling sound


さばさば

さばさば (canonical)
サバサバ (canonical)
sabasaba (romanization)

Korean: 사바사바 (sabasaba)


のらくら

のらくら (canonical)
ノラクラ (canonical)
norakura (romanization)


ぱちくり

ぱちくり (canonical)
パチクリ (canonical)
pachikuri (romanization)


じくじく

じくじく (canonical)
ジクジク (canonical)
jikujiku (romanization)


のろのろ

のろのろ (canonical)
ノロノロ (canonical)
noronoro (romanization)


ぶるぶる

ぶるぶる (canonical)
ブルブル (canonical)
buruburu (romanization)

[bɯ̟ɾɯ̟bɯ̟ɾɯ̟]

(onomatopoeia) tremblingly, with shivers


意気揚揚

意(い)気(き)揚(よう)揚(よう) • (ikiyōyō) ^(←いきやうやう (ikyauyau)?)

意気揚揚 (canonical)
ikiyōyō (romanization)
ikyauyau (romanization)
いきやうやう (hiragana historical)

Yojijukugo (四字熟語), from Literary Chinese 意氣揚揚／意气扬扬 (yìqìyángyáng).


ごつごつ

ごつごつ (canonical)
ゴツゴツ (canonical)
gotsugotsu (romanization)

[ɡo̞t͡sɨɡo̞t͡sɨ]

(onomatopoeia) large and defined, as a man's body


びっくり

びっくり (canonical)
ビックリ (canonical)
bikkuri (romanization)

Derivation from the びく (biku) root found in other terms such as びくっと (bikutto, “startledly”), びくつく (bikutsuku, “to shiver, as from fright; to startle; to become nervous”). The underlying meaning of the root appears to be twitch or start (noun).
This is one of many adverbs formed by the addition of the suffix り (ri) to the root, and then gemination of the middle consonant. The suffix may derive from the auxiliary verb り (ri), itself from classical verb あり (ari, “is, are”).
*biku → bikuri → bikkuri
The kanji spellings for this term are very rare. The kana spellings びっくり or ビックリ are much more common.


こんがり

[kõ̞ŋɡa̠ɾʲi]

(onomatopoeia) well browned, well cooked, nicely done


ちゅんちゅん

ja-pos

ちゅんちゅん or チュンチュン • (chunchun)

ちゅんちゅん (canonical)
チュンチュン (canonical)
chunchun (romanization)


ちびちび

(onomatopoeia) bit by bit, sparingly; e.g. by nibbling at food or nursing a drink


根こそぎ

根こそぎ (canonical)
nekosogi (romanization)


ぴちぴち

ぴちぴち (canonical)
ピチピチ (canonical)
pichipichi (romanization)

ぴちぴちとした肢体

(onomatopoeia) being active, lively, energetic, youthful, especially a girl

(onomatopoeia) jumping (e.g. a fish out of water)


かちかち

かちかち (canonical)
カチカチ (canonical)
kachikachi (romanization)


ひりひり

ひりひり (canonical)
ヒリヒリ (canonical)
hirihiri (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) being irritating, smarting, stinging


まさか

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū, compiled 759 CE.
There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation:
* Being the initial ma- is from 目 (ma, me, “eye”), it was thought to be an alteration of 目前 (mesaki, “before one's eyes”), with the me- element becoming ma-, but there was no attestation of masaki.
* Compound of root 正 (masa, “exactly”, found in compounds such as まさに (masa ni, “certainly, exactly, without doubt”)) + か (ka, “special suffix indicating condition”).

com

found in compounds such as <i class="Jpan mention" lang="ja">まさに</i> (masa ni, “certainly, exactly, without doubt”)

まさか事故に遭うとは思ってもいませんでした。

Masaka jiko ni au to wa omotte mo imasen deshita.

Never in my wildest dreams would I have imagined that I would be in an accident.

unexpectedly, inconceivably, impossibly, surely


もっぱら

moppara (romanization)
motupara (romanization)
もつぱら (hiragana historical)


幾重にも

ja-pos

幾(いく)重(え)にも • (ikuenimo) ^(←いくへにも (ikufenimo)?)

幾重にも (canonical)
ikuenimo (romanization)
ikufenimo (romanization)
いくへにも (hiragana historical)


うらうら

うらうら (canonical)
ウラウラ (canonical)
uraura (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) clearly and gently (of the shining of sunshine)

peacefully, tranquilly (of how one is feeling)


白昼公然

白昼公然 (canonical)
hakuchūkōzen (romanization)


次第に

次第に (canonical)
shidai ni (romanization)

風は次第に治まりました


ぷかぷか

ぷかぷか (canonical)
プカプカ (canonical)
pukapuka (romanization)

(onomatopoeia) in a floating manner, buoyantly

(onomatopoeia) puff puff (e.g. at a cigar)


すべからく

by all means must, certainly ought of course


めそめそ

めそめそ (canonical)
メソメソ (canonical)
mesomeso (romanization)


さっくり

さっくり (canonical)
サックリ (canonical)
sakkuri (romanization)

cutting or breaking easily, or pleasantly soft to chew


ねとねと

ねとねと (canonical)
ネトネト (canonical)
netoneto (romanization)


こてんぱん

こてんぱん (canonical)
コテンパン (canonical)
kotenpan (romanization)

to a pulp, black and blue, completely (beaten and defeated)


あわよくば

あわよくば • (awayokuba) ^(←あはよくば (afayokuba)?)

awayokuba (romanization)
afayokuba (romanization)
あはよくば (hiragana historical)

if all goes well, if circumstances allow


更に

芸術の目的は、生を豊富にし、力強くし、更に大きく更に善くする事にある。

1917, 大杉栄, 新しき世界の為めの新しき芸術

The goal of the arts is to enrich life, to strengthen it, and to make it even broader and better.

Geijutsu no mokuteki wa, sei o hōfu ni shi, chikara tsuyoku shi, sara ni ōkiku sara ni yoku suru koto ni aru.

子供は更にひどく泣き出した。

1920, 豊島与志雄, 理想の女

警部は更に考えを続けた。

The police inspector continued to think about it furthermore.

そこには更に意味がない。

1947, 坂口安吾, 恋をしに行く（「女体」につゞく）

服薬なんかの必要は更にない。

1924, 豊島与志雄, 人の国

There is absolutely no need to take medicine or anything like that.

Fukuyaku nanka no hitsuyō wa sara ni nai.


共に

兄と共に家を出た。


ときおり

tokiori (romanization)
tokiwori (romanization)
ときをり (hiragana historical)


特に

Of 特(とく) (toku, “special”, noun) plus に (ni, particle).

この菓子はこの催しのために特に調製された。

Kono kashi wa kono moyōshi no tame ni toku ni chōsei sareta.

This cake has been specially prepared for the occasion.

特に欲しいものはない。

特に風のない静かな夜のうちに出来、翌朝旭日に輝いていることが多い。

1938, 中谷宇吉郎 [Nakaya Ukichiro], 雪 [yuki, snow]

Particularly when it forms on calm, windless nights, it often sparkles in the morning sun the next day.

Toku ni kaze no nai shizuka na yoru no uchi ni deki, yokuasa asahi ni kagayaite iru koto ga ōi.

翌朝旭日 よくあさあさひ


自ずから

自(おの)ずから • (onozukara) ^(←おのづから (onodukara)?)

自ずから (canonical)
onozukara (romanization)
onodukara (romanization)
おのづから (hiragana historical)

Originally a compound of 己 (ono, “oneself”) + つ (tsu, possessive particle) + 柄 (kara, “quality, characteristic”, later developing senses of “from, because”).

compound

by itself, naturally, on its own (by accident or chance)


やや

yaya (romanization)
やや (hiragana historical)